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NEALGGY  COLLECTION 


3  1833  01742  5866 


IIZIALOGY 
1883-1884 


THE 


IF  IB  a  H  H  B 


ELIGIOUS    AND     LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


VOLUME     L  V  1 1. 


i~?-< 


PHILADELPHIA: 
PRINTED     BY     WILLIAM     H.     PILE. 

18  8  4. 


INDEX. 


'06871 


Actors  and  Actresses.     Testimony  of,  to  the  immoral 

character  of  their  business,  282. 
Ackworth  school.     Brief  notice  of  the  origin  of,  394. 
Adams  John  Quincy.    Influence  of  the  mother  of,  upon 

318. 
Aerolite.     Notice  of  the  recent  fall  of  an,  near  Lachine 

Africa.     Custom  of  natives  of,  in  feeding  the  dead,  109 
Account  of  the  religious  character  of  two  native.' 
of,  formerly  residents  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  156. 
Encouragement  given  to  the  slave  trade  in,  by 
Catholic  missionaries,  239. 
Agassiz.     Reverential  feeling  of,  in  his  scientific  pur- 
suits, 390. 
Agents  for  "The  Friend."     Names  of,  21,  135. 
Alard  Francis,  an   Oldenburg  reformer.     Account  of, 

190. 
Algeria.     The  boring  of  artesian  wells  in,  followed  by 

increased  population,  46. 
Alligator.     The  skin  of  the,  largelv  used  for  leather, 
158. 
Notice  of  leather  in  imitation  of  the  skin  of  the, 
286. 
All-hallow  eve  myths,  149. 
Andrias  the  converted  fakir.     Account  of,  358. 
Anti-slaverv    society.      Remarks    on    the    origin    and 

labors  of 'the,  167" 
Annoyances.     Remarks  on  bearing  small,  285. 
Arch  street  meeting-house.     Notice  of  the  use  of  the 

lunch  room  at  the,  318. 
Arctic  explorations  in  the  interior  of  Greenland,  222 
Artificial  gooseberry  jelly,  and  fruit  essences,  150. 
Artesian   well    yielding    pure  water   at  Ocean  Grove, 

N.  J.,  326. 
Artichoke.     The  wild,  probably  referred  to  in   Scrip 

ture,  317. 
Assyria.     Notices  of  books  made  of  clay  used  in,  315. 
Asterism.     Notice  of,  in  mica,  110. 
Atheist.     Public  recantation  of  an,  108. 
Atmosphere.     On  the  amount  of  water  in  the,  46. 
Observations  on  the  dust  of  the,  110. 
On  the  important  service  performed  by  dust  in 
the,  390. 
Audiphone.     The,  used  in  the  instruction  of  the  deaf 

and  dumb,  21. 
Azores.     Notes  of  a  recent  visit  to  the,  139.  147.  154. 
162. 

Baku.     On  the  oil  wells  of,  397. 

BaptUts.     Notice  of  a  recent  convention  of,  94. 

Baalbec.     On  the  ruins  of,  389. 

Ball.     Concerning  the  folly  of  encouraging  the  charity, 

148,  270. 
Banks  John.     Account  of  the  visit  and  religious  exer- 

ises  of,  at  Wicklow,  405.  410. 
Barclay's  Apology.     Notice  of  the  free  distribution  of. 
by  trustees  of  Joseph  Macinty  re  of  Crieth,  246. 
Notice  of  early  editions  of,  251. 
Bathurst  Elizabeth.    Brief  notice  of  a  religious  concern 

of,  for  others,  173. 
1  Bear  ye  one  another's  burdens."     Incidents  and  re- 
flections, entitled,  123. 
Bearing  one  with  another.     Encouragement  on,  60. 
Beaver.     Observations  on  the  habits  of  the,  150. 
Beer.     On  the  use  of  hemlock  in,  125. 
Bee  culture  in  Cashmere.     Account  of,  159. 
Bettle  Samuel,  Sr.     Remarkable  visitation  of  Divine 

Grace  to  a  drunkard  related  by,  19. 
Bible.     Account  of  the  introduction  of  the,  into  Rome, 
2.  12.  18. 
iiddle  Owen.     Brief  notice  of,  395. 
Biographical  sketches  for  the  young,  108. 
Bird  lime  and  its  uses.     On,  391. 
Birds  attracted  by  lighthouses  at  night,  254. 
Blind  mute.     On  the  death  and  character  of  Rosanna 
McGrew,  a,  327. 
Notice  of  the  efforts  of  Francis  Joseph  Campbell 
for  the  help  of  the,  372. 
Borax  Lake  in  California.     Notice  of,  326. 
Book  notices,  &c.      Address   of   Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting  to  its  members,  &c.  22.  29.  30.  38. 
111.  127. 


of  the  Underground  Railroad  in  Chester 
Co.,  &c,  in  Penna.,  23. 


Book  Notices,  &c.     "  Among  the  Mongols,"  33. 

The  last  vear  of  the  Life  of  Christopher  Healv, 

by  G.  W.  B.,  47. 
Conscience  in  Education,  103. 
United  States  Salary  List,  &c,  103. 
Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Kite,  111.  252. 
Memorials  of  John  P.  Balderston  and  Elizabeth 

Stroud,  111. 
"The  Biographical  Magazine,"  128. 
"The  Protestant  Episcopacy  of  Revolutionary 

patriots,"  &c,  135. 
"The  Conscript  Quaker,"  135. 
"A  summer  in  the  Azores,"  139. 
Palliser's  Useful  Details,  247. 
51st  Report  of  the  Penna.  Institution  for  the  in- 
struction of  the  blind,  247. 
25th  Report  of  the  Woman's  Hospital,  247. 
7th  Annual  Meeting  of  American  Humane  Asso- 
ciation, 247. 
Annual  Report  of  the  Friends'  Institute,  247. 
"  Dorothea  Scott,  otherwise  Gotherson  and  Hog- 
ben,"  &c,  by  G.  D.  Scull,  251. 
The  Ancient  Banner,  second  edition,  263.    - 
^The  Golden  Cresset,  263. 
Life  of  Elizabeth  Fry,  271. 
Reprint  of  the  decision  of  Judge  Proudfoot,  271. 
The  Floral  Guide,  311. 
Wanderings  in  New  Britain,  346. 
Biographical  Sketch  of  Benjamin  Banneker,  359. 
The  Idolatry  of  Culture,  367. 
"The  Pocket  Guide  and  Hand  Book"  of  Phila- 
delphia, 368. 
"  Official  Street  Directory"  of  Philadelphia,  36S 
James  and  Lucretia  Mott,  391. 
The  Catalogue  of  the  Pennsylvania  Stale  College 

for  1883-4,  399. 
The  Annual  Report  of  the  Institute  for  Colored 

Youth  for  1884,  400. 
The  Freed  mens'  Friend,  400. 
Biographical  Sketch  of  John  G.  Wliittier,   bv 
F.  H.  Underwood,  413. 
Books.     Remarks  on  evil,  179. 
Botanical  walk.     A,  389. 

Box-wood.     On  the  value  of,  for  wood  engraving,   117 
Boxing  match.     Remarks  on  a  recent,  28. 
Boys.     Advice  to,  in  reference  to  diligence  in  business, 

302. 
Bridges.     On  the  ravages  of  the  teredo  in  the  timbers 

of,  302. 
Brave  girl.     A,  293. 

Brazil.     On  the  present  state  of  slavery  in,  84. 
Bread.     Alcohol   produced  during  the  manufacture  of, 
158. 
A  cheap,  made  from  a  sea  weed,  175. 
Bremen.     Quaint  auction  scenes  in,  109. 
Brethren.     Remarks  on  dealing  with  weak,  157. 
"Bring  all  the  tithes  into  the  storehouse,"  243. 
Brooklyn.     Notice  of  the  proposed  benevolent  unde 

takings  for  the  poor  of,  310. 
Buddha.     Notice  of  the  worship  of,  among  the  Mot 

golians,  50.  58. 
Buffalo.     Notice  of  the  sudden  disappearance  of  the,  in 

the  N.  W.-part  of  the  United  States,  323. 
Bull-fights  in  Spain.     Notice  of,  196. 
Business.     How  to  succeed  in,  197.  302. 

Advice   to    voting   men    in    relation  to,  by  the 

Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia,  1853,  205. 
The    necessity  of  cultivating    a    holy  frame 
mind  in,  to  counteract  the  spirit  of"  the  world, 
236. 
On  the  importance  of  observing  Divine  intima- 
tions in,  250. 
Advice  to  boys  about,  302.  358. 

Canoe.     An  ancient  English,  246. 

Cape  Cod.    Notices  of  changes  in  the  sea  beach  on,  215. 

Capital  punishment.     Statistics  of,  in  Switzerland  and 

Belgium,  110. 
Remarks  on  the  demoralizing  effects  of,  on  the 

lower  classes,  335. 
Card-playing.     Remarks  on  the  evils  of,  29. 
Carrier  pigeons.     Method  of  protecting,  from  birds  of 

prey,  21. 
Cavern  near  Marengo,  Ind.     Notice  of  a  large,  158, 


California.     Notice  of  dried  fruits  prepared  in,  334. 

Notice  of  a  gas  and  water  well  in,  334. 
Camels  found  wild  in  Spain,  and  along   the  Gulf  of 

California,  350.  _ 
Centrifugal   machines   used  to  separate  oil  from  iron 

eb-ips,  366. 
Ceylon.     The  damp  climate  and  heat  of,  69. 
Character.     On  the  testing  of,  236. 
Chain-gang.     On  the  horrors  of  the,  302. 
Chandlee  family.     Reminiscences  of  the,  146. 
Charity  ball.     A  Christian  view  of  the,  148. 

Remarks  on  the  impropriety  of  the,  235. 
The,  disapproved  of  by  a  judge  of  a  Philadel- 
phia court,  236. 
Remarks   on    the   refusal   of  the   Presbyterian 

Hospital  to  accept  the  proceeds  of  a,  255. 
The  adherence  to  principle  of  the  Presbyterian 

Hospital  in  relation  to  the,  rewarded,  270. 
Comments  on  Bishop  Stevens'  remarks  in  refer- 
ence to  the,  276. 
Charity  organizations.     Statistics  of,  102. 
Charity  for  others.     Remarks  on  having,  197. 
Chesterfield  Lord.     Remarks  of,  on  the  emptiness  of 

this  world's  pleasures,  124. 
Chestnuts.     The  large  amount  of,  consumed  as  food  in 

Italy,  126. 
Chicago.     On  public  morals  in,  391. 
Children.     On  the  benefits  of  helping  poor,  45. 

On  the  need  of  religious  concern  on  the  part  of 

parents  for  their,  49. 
The  death  rate  of  young,  in  Ireland  and  Italy 

compared,  76. 
On  the  obligation  resting  upon  parents  religious- 
ly to  watch  over  their,  149. 
made  instrumental  in  the  Divine  hand  for  good, 

155. 
Remarks  on  the  frequent  advantages  to,  of  pov- 
erty, 155. 
On  bearing  with,  in  the  household,  182. 
On  the  duly  of  protecting,  from  hurtful  reading 

matter,  191. 
Remarks  of  Micajali  Collins  on  the  proper  train- 
ing of,  346. 
How,  are  sometimes  hardened,  348. 
Advice  to,  350. 
China.     Petition  of  Protestant  missionaries  against  the 
opium  trade  in,  S6. 
Notice  of  a  late  distribution  of  a  book  on  Chris- 
tianity in,  191. 
Statistics  of  the  export  of  tea  from,  198. 
Chinese.     The,  the  originators  of  bank-notes,  21. 

servant.     Anecdote  of  the  faithfulness  of  a,  36. 
in  California.     Observations  on  the  character  of 
the,  250. 
Church.     Definition  of  the  true,  228. 

Remarks  on  the  introduction  of  worldliness  into 

the  professing,  355.  371. 

Church  and  State.     Remarks  of  John   Bright  on  the 

separation  of,  in  England,  210.  218. 

On  the  demoralizing  effects  of  the  union  of,  37§. 

"Church  fairs  and  festivals,''  &c.    Remarks  on  the  evil 

effects  of,  355.  371. 
Church  organizations.     Notice  of  the  existence  of  in- 
dependent, 29. 
Churchman  John.     Incident  related  by,  in  reference  to 
consistency  among  Friends,  145. 
Remarks  of,  on  the  danger  of  losing  the  benefit 

of  Divine  visitations,  185. 
Dying  expressions  of,  213. 
Churchman   family.     Reminiscences  of  the,  146.  156. 

165.  170.  181.  187.  195. 
Christ.     On  the  doctrine  of  Friends  in  relation  to  the 
light  of,  55. 
On  the  predicted  government  of,  191. 
Christian.     Remarks  of  Wm.  Penn  on  the  true,  93. 

A  true,  cannot  be  indifferent,  113. 
Christian  life.     The,  one  of  conflict,  186. 
Christian   character.     Humility  one  of   the    most  im- 
portant attributes  of,  380. 
Chimneys.     On  the  introduction  of,  into  general  use, 

292.  " 
Chewing  gum.     On,  246. 
Chocolate.     On  the  source  of,  214. 
Cholera.     Reported  discovery  of  the  germs  of,  270. 


Cinchona-bark.     Remarks  on  the  discovery  and  value 
of,  254. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.     Remarks  on  the  late  riots  in,  287. 
Remarks  on  the  late  spirit  of  religious  indiffer- 
ence and  pleasure-seeking  in,  341. 

Coal.     (Quicklime  used  as  a  substitute  for  explosives  in 
mining,  310. 

Coal-mine  on  fire.     Notice  of,  269. 

Coffee.     The  kola-nut,  a  substitute  for,  109. 

Colenso  Bishop.     Notice  of  the  death  of,  21.  _ 

Color  blindness.     Results   of  careful    investigation  of 
railroad  employees  in  reference  to,  182. 

Collins  Micajah.  Memoirs  of,  202.  209.  217.  225.  233. 
241.  249.  257.  265.  273.  2S1.  289.  297.  305.  313. 
321.  329.  337.  345.  353.  361.  369.  377.  385. 
393.  401.  409. 
Testimony  of  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  [Mass.] 
concerning,  202.  209. 

Combustion.     On  spontaneous,  13. 

Comet.    Observations  on  the  Pons-Brooks,  194. 

Comfort  Ezra,  a  minister.     Brief  notice  of,  9. 

Comfort  John,  an  elder.     Brief  notice  of,  9. 

"  Comfort  the  feeble-minded;  support  the  weak."    Essay 
entitled,  3. 

Committee  to  visit  the  meetings  and  members  of  Phila- 
delphia Yearly  Meeting.     Report  of,  S3. 

Congress.     Remarks  on  the  importance  of  sending  per- 
sons of  pure  habits  and  good  principle  to,  391. 

Conscience.     Obedience  to  the  still  small  voice  in  the, 
the  sure  way  to  overcome  sin,  299. 

Concordance.     Observations    on    an    old,    once    John 
Churchman's,  138. 

Cope  Ann.     Remarks  on  the  death  and  character  of, 
234.  244. 

Congregationalists.     Notice  of  a  triennial  council  of, 
110. 
Statistics  of,  in  the  United  States,  367. 

Consistency  in  religious  profession.     Remarks  on,  145. 

Controversy  on  religious  subjects.     Incidents  and  re- 
flections upon,  137. 

Contented  herd  boy.     The,  200. 

Cope  Samuel.     Brief  reference  to  a  public  testimony 
of,  213. 

Corundum  gems  in  the  Himalaya  mountains,  166. 

Conversation.     Remarks  on  religious,  220. 

Coolie  labor  system  in  the  South  Pacific.     Remarks  on 
outrages  connected  with  the,  287. 

Copper.     The  tensile  strength  of,  greatly  increased  by 
aluminium,  366. 

Corean  translation  of  the  Holv  Scriptures.     Account  of 
the,  348. 

Cotton.     Fire  conveyed  in  a  bale  of,  215. 

Cotton-seed  hulls  used  in  packing  journals  of  railway 
axles,  334. 

Counting  the  chances.     On,  315. 

Cremation.     On  the  practice  of,  in  Rome,  133. 

Criminals.     Observations  on  the  proper  treatment  of, 
126. 

Cross  of  Christ  to  be  borne  at  the  present  day,  the,  246. 

Cryptography.     On,  325. 

Culture  not  to  be  preferred  before  duty,  396. 

Davis  Mary.     Notice  of  religious  exercises  of,  in  1850, 
60. 

Death  resulting  from  passion,  94. 

Spiritual,  the  wages  of  sin,  404. 

Death.     Incidents  of  and  reflections  upon  peace  in,  212 

Deaths— Rachel  Arnold,  112;  Samuel  Allinson,  160 
Silas  Bunker,  24  ;  Susan  Baily,  2uo  ;  Rebecca  A.  Bell 
224;  Catharine  ('.  Balderston,  240;  Sarah  G.  Brant- 
ingham,  272;  Sarah  Bell,  3211;  Margaret  Branting- 
ham,  368;  Philip  I).  Bell,  392;  Elizabeth  W.  Cooper 
144;  Elizabeth  T.Crumley,  176;  Ann  Cope,  192 
Joseph  Cresson,  280;  Hannah  Cameron,  280;  Mary 
Ann  Chambers,  32*  ;  Philip  Dunn,  392  ;  William  Rus- 
sel  Edgerton,  64  ;  Jacob  Evens,  232;  Eliza  A.  Edger- 
ton,  272;  Jephtha  Anna  Fawcett,  144;  John  I).  Gif- 
ford,  16;  JamesOardiner,  40;  Esther  II.  Griffon,  3(11; 
William  E.  Haines,  32;  John  D.  Harvey,  88  j  Anne 
llilles,  112. 120;  Margaret C. Henderson,  136; Rachel 
E.  Haines,  152;  William  Hall,  10S;  Abigail  W.  Hall, 

192;8arah  B.Hoxie,  200;  Newell  Hoxie,  216  ;  Sarah 
Hoopes,  256;  Joseph   W    Hilyard,  376;   Rebecca  T, 


INDEX. 

Moore  ;  352 ;  Hannah  J.  Newhall,  8  ;  Albert  G.  New- 1 
bold,  264  ;  Susan  F.  Ogboru,  304;  Anne  Pierce,  16;' 
Maria  Penrose,  120;  Pella  B.  Peckham,  232;  Bur- 
well  Peebles,  264;  Miranda  Palmer,  272;  Elizabeth 
P.  Peele,  296;  Mary  B.  Paige,  304;  Ashton  Richard- 
son, 136;  Rachel  Roberts,  136;  Samuel  C.  Reeve, 
184;  Elizabeth  H.  Richards,  328;  Sally  Raley,  352; 
Hannah  P.  Smith,  8;  James  Stanley,  24;  Hannah  F. 
Sawyer,  50;  Hannah  Sheppard,  88;  Thomas  Scatter- 
good,  120;  James  Scarlet,  272;  Joseph  F.  Smedlev, 
2X0  ;  David  Satterlhwaite,  2S0  ;  Alfred  Smedlev,  280  ; 
Phebe  Sutton,  28S  ;  George  D.  Smith,  304;  Lydia  E. 
Seattergood,  320;  Nathan  Smedley,  320;  Ephraim 
Scarlet,  336;  Sarah  R.  Smith,  376;  Mary  Stokes, 
376;  Ambrose  Smith,  40S;  Rachel  M.  Thorp,  56; 
Sarah  Trimble,  56;  Ann  M.  Troth,  120;  Lydia  V. 
Taber,  128;  William  Todd,  240;  Sarah  H.  Thomp- 
son, 288  ;  John  Thomasson,  312;  Edith  S.  Williams, 
24;  Samuel  K.  Wilkins,  40;  Deborah  Woolman,  40; 
William  K.  Williams,  50;  Charles  L.  Willets,  120  ; 
John  Willets  Warner,  128;  Sarah  N.  Woolman, 
136;  Benjamin  Warner,  176;  Daniel  Walker,  208; 
Stephen  Wood.  M.  I).,  280;  Edward  Whitaere.  304  ; 
Elizabeth  H.  Whittemore,  312;  Rachel  E.  Wood- 
ward, 320  ;  John  P.  Wood,  344 ;  Stephen  A.  Webb, 
376  ;  Sarah  Williams,  416;  Jesse  Yarnall,  296. 
Delusion.     A  strange,  270. 

Demoralizing  literature  at  the  present  time  a  gigantic 
evil,  227. 
Remarks  on  recent  efforts  to  suppress,  in  Phila- 
delphia, 383. 
Deneholes.     Remarks   on,  examined  in   Essex,  Eng., 

159. 
Dickinson  John,  Governor.     Notice  of,  402. 
Digging  for  hid  treasures.     Remarks  o'n,  115. 
Diseases.     Infectious,  probably  spread  at  times  by  flies, 

318. 
District  of  Columbia.     On  public  morals  in,  391. 
Divine  guidance.     Incidents  illustrating,  26. 

visitations.     Remarks  on  the  dangers  of  losing 
the  benefits  of,  1S5. 
Divorce.     Remarks  on,  94. 

Legal  restrictions  of,  adopted  in  Maine,  102. 
Statistics  of,  in  Ohio,  and  comments,  120. 
Recent  rules  adopted  by  Methodists  in  reference 
to,  367. 
Doctor.     Experience  of  a  successful,  in  West  Africa. 

101. 
Dogs  instrumental  in  saving  a  boat's  crew  from  ship- 
wreck, 125. 
Sagacity  of,  13.  93.  125.  175.  215.  270.  412. 
Dreams  at  times  made  use  of  to  convey  Divine  intima- 
tions.    Anecdotes  of,  S4   101. 
Dreaming.     Remarks  on,  93. 

Dress.     Simplicity  and  absence  of  ornament  in,  a  Chris- 
tian requirement,  52. 
Appeal  of  an  aged  Christian  to  her  sisters  againsl 

fashionable,  100. 
On  the  nature  of  the  testimony  of  Friends  to 

plainness  of,  340. 
On    the  value  of  the    testimony  of   Friends  to 
plainness  of,  350. 
Duelling  still  upheld  in  Austria,  270. 

Declarations  of  John  S.  Wise  against,  294. 
Duty.     It  is  not  for  us  to  judge  of  the  importance  of, 
bul  to  perform  it,  348. 
At   the    call    of,    mental    culture   and    physical 
health  are  sometimes  to  he  sacrificed,  396. 
Duties.     On  the  apparent  conflict  of,  and  the  right  per- 
formance of,  237. 
Comments  on  the  above,  239. 

Earthquake  at  Ischia.     Account  of  the  recent,  27. 

Notice  of,  published  as  a  tract  in  Paris,  126. 

at  Lisbon  in  1755.      Brief  notice  of,  17S. 

Luminous  paint  largely  used  in  certain  districts 

where,  prevail,  107. 

Earth  tremors.     Observations  upon,  414. 

Ebal  and  Gerizim.     Remarks  on  the  location,  Ac,  of 

Mounts,  181. 
Economy  for  young  men,  361. 
Eddy  Christian.     On   the  life  and    religions  labor. 

If',:,.  170. 
Editorial.— Remarks  on   the  commencement  of  a 


kin,  320;  Sarah  McDonald,  21;  Rosanna  McGrew, 
327;  Sarah  R.  Matlack,  72 ;  Sylvia  Macy,  72:  Wil- 
liam Marshall,  104;  Margaret  Miller,  10 1  ;  Morris 
Miller,  144;  Anna  E.  Morrison,  152;  Rachel  T. 
Mendenhall,  176;  Phebe  Anna  Mendenhall,  208; 
Mary  C.  Moore,  216;  Mary  Ann  Moore,  210;  Wil- 
liam   Masters,  280;    Mary    C.  Moon,    304;    Joshua 


pjVna'rVs\ai"hV  feeling  of  niemhor- of  London  Yearly 

Meeting  in  reference  to  the  principles  of  Friends,  15 ; 
Remarks  on  the  issue  of  the  Address  to  its  members 
ol'ihr  hue  Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia,  22.  111. 
126  ;  Notice  of  the  History  of  the  Underground  Kail- 
road  in  cluster  Co.,  Ac.,  lVnna.,  23;  Comments  on 


objections  made  to  the  Address  of  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting,  30.  38 ;  Remarks  on  the  unsuitable- 
ness  of  "object  lessons"  in  teaching  spiritual  truths, 
31  ;  Remarks  on  being  faithful  stewards  of  spiritual 
gifts,  39  ;  Comments  on  a  paper  by  J.  N.  Richardson, 
written  in  1847,  on  the  state  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
47  ;  Notice  of  "  The  last  year  of  the  life  of  Christopher 
Healy,"  47  ;  Remarks  on  doctrinal  errors  in  an  arti- 
cle in  The  Christian  Worker  on  the  light  of  Christ, 
55;  Notice  of  a  communication  respecting  a  proposed 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  Ohio,  55;  Remark 
on  publishing  obituary  notices,  55  ;  Comments  on  an 
article  in  a  paper  published  in  the  interest  of  the 
Separatists  of  1827,  63;  Remark  on  a  selected  article; 
63;  Remarks  upon  articles  in  the  Ninth  month  num- 
ber of  The  B  ilish  Friend,  70  ;  On  the  doctrine  of  the 
light  of  Christ  in  the  heart  as  held  by  Friends,  78; 
On  the  inconsistency  of  membership  in  the  Society 
of  Friends  with  secret  societies,  87  ;  Notice  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting  of  Ohio,  87  ;  Notice  of  the  Report  of 
the  Committee  of  the  Y'early  Meeting  to  visit  its 
subordinate  meetings,  &c,  87;  Account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  Ohio  Y'early  Meeting,  94;  Remarks  on 
the  character  of  Stephen  Girard,  95  ;  Notice  of  the 
proceedings  of  Western  Y'early  Meeting  (smaller 
body),  103;  Notice  of  "Conscience  in  Education,"  by 
William  Nicholson,  103;  Notice  of  United  States 
Salary  List,  &c,  103;  Remarks  on  the  position  of 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  111 ;  Notice  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  Kansas  Yearly  Meeting  (smaller  body), 
111 ;  Notice  of  the  Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Thomas 
Kite,  111  ;  Notice  of  the  printed  memorials  of  John 
P.  Balderston  and  Elizabeth  Stroud,  111  ;  Remarks 
on  separations  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  of  judg- 
ing charitably  of  those  who  are  concerned  to  main- 
tain its  original  doctrines,  119;  Comments  on  an 
article  in  The  Christian  Worker,  in  reference  to  the 
Address  of  Philadelphia  Y'early  Meeting,  126;  Notice 
of  "The  Biographical  Magazine,"  128;  On  the  neces- 
sity of  obedience  to  the  Light  of  Christ  in  the  heart, 
135;  Notice  of  "The  Protestant  Episcopacy  of  the 
Revolutionary  patriots,"  &c,  135;  Notice  of  "The 
Conscript  Quakers,"  135 ;  Remarks  on  repentance 
and  the  way  of  salvation  as  believed  in  by  Friends, 
143;  On  the  practice  of  Friends  in  arriving  at  con- 
clusions in  their  meetings  for  business,  151  ;  Remarks 
on  a  contributed  article  respecting  charity  balls,  151 ; 
Comments  on  bat  honor,  in  connection  with  a  recent 
incident  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  this  city, 
159;  Remarks  on  lotteries,  and  the  evil  efl'ects  of  a 
speculating  spirit,  167  ;  Notice  of  the  proceedings  of 
Iowa  Yearly  Meeting  (smaller  body),  167.  183  ;  On 
the  great  importance  of  constant  watchfulness  over 
our  words  and  actions,  175;  Notice  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  Kansas  Y'early  Meeting  (larger  body),  176; 
Remarks  on  the  alleged  left-handedness  of  the  an- 
cient Jews,  176;  Remarks  on  the  baptism  by  water 
of  a  professed  Quaker  in  Canada,  183.  279  ;  Remarks 
on  the  evidence  of  the  Lord's  presence  granted  at  the 
funerals  of  his  dedicated  servants,  191  ;  On  the  nature 
of  the  testimony  of  Friends  against  hat  honor,  199; 
Notice  of  the  legal  decision  in  favor  of  Friends,  of  a 
law-suit  respecting  property  in  West  Lake,  Canada, 
206;  On  the  danger  of  imbibing  sceptical  views  in 
perusing  the  works  of  certain  scientific  men,  215; 
( )u  the  convincing  character  of  the  testimony  of  the 
Scriptures  to  the  Divinity  of  our  Saviour,  223  ;  Re- 
marks on  a  defence  by  a  Hindoo  woman  of  idolatry, 
and  on  the  nature  of  "true  spiritual  worship,  231  ;  On 
the  uncertainty  sometimes  experienced  by  the  Chris- 
tian in  deciding  upon  duties,  239  ;  Notice  of  Friends' 
Boarding  School  at  Mill  Creek,  Ind.,  217;  Remarks 
on  a  selected  article,  247  ;  Notice  of  hooks  and  pamph- 
lets received,  217;  Notice  of  a  settlement  of  1'iiends 
in  Florida,  217;  Remarks  on  those  who  separated 
from  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  in  1854,  255;  Remarks 
on  the  refusal  of  the  Presbyterian  Hospital  to  accept 
(he  proceeds  of  a  charily  ball,  255;  On  (he  danger  to 
a  community  of  the  disregard  of  law  in  the  punish" 
mcnl  of  offenders,  255  ;  Examination  of  the  changes 
made  in  the  discipline  of  New  York  Yearly  Meeting 
in  ils  revision  in  1877,  and  comments,  262;  Notice 
of  (he  Ancient  Banner,  second  edition,  263  ;  Notice 
of  ThcOohlcn  Cresset,  203;  Remarks  on  (he  judi- 
cious relief  of  the  poor,  270  ;  Notice  of  a  life  of  Eliza- 
beth  Fry,  271  ;  Notice  of  a  reprint  of  the  decision  of 
Judge  Proudfoot  in  (he  Canada  law-suit,  271  ;  Com- 
ments  on  the  notice  taken  by  a  meeting  in  Canada 
of  the  baptism  of  one  of  their  mi  inbei-,  and  on  the 
slate  of  our  religious  Society,  279;  Comments  oil 
a  notice  in  The  <i,,spel  /-.V/misi'Mi'.  of  a  "minister" 
seeking  a  "  Friends'  church,"  279;  Remarks  on  th« 

i Iracl  labor  system    in    die   islands  of  (he    Pacific, 

and  on  outrages  connected  therewith,  287  ;   Remarks 


on  the  recent  riots  in  Cincinnati,  287  ;  Remarks  on  \ 
correspondence  between  Yearly  Meetings  of  Friends, 
287  ;  Notice  of  a  petition  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union  of  Penna.,  287;  Remarks  on 
practical  religion,  295  ;  On  the  approach  of  Phila- 
delphia Yearly  Meeting,  295;  Notice  of  the  proceed- 1 
ingsof  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  30:{. 310;  Notice 
of  The  Floral  Guide,  311 ;  On  the  views  of  Friends  in 
regard  to  missionary  movements,  318;  Remarks  on  I 
recent  ceremonies  at  Providence  Boarding  School, 
319  ;  Remarks  on  the  death  and  character  of  Rosanna 
McGrew,  a  blind  mute,  327  ;  Notice  of  the  receipt  of 
a  tract  on  the  theatre,  327  ;  Comments  on  a  profes- 
sion of  salvation  derived  from  a  belief  in  certain  doc- 
trines, 335;  Comments  on  the  course  of  The  Christian 
Worker  and  The  Friends'  Review,  343;  Remarks  on 
"saying  grace,"  and  on  the  belief  of  Friends  in  re- 
gard to  prayer,  351;  Remarks  on  the  article  "  Roman 
notes  on  the  fulfilment  of  prophecy,"  359 ;  Notice  of 
a  biographical  sketch  of  Benjamin  Banneker,  359  ; 
Notice  of  "The  Idolatry  of  Culture,"  and  remarks  on 
the  true  qualification  for  the  ministry  as  often  ex- 
emplified in  illiterate  men,  307;  Remarks  on  the 
recent  proceedings  of  London  Yearly  Meeting,  and 
its  course  in  reference  to  separations  in  Ohio  and 
elsewhere,  375;  Notice  of  a  contributed  selection  from 
the  writings  of  Jonathan  Dymond,  375;  Remarks  on 
recent  efforts  in  the  interest  of  public  morals  in 
Philadelphia,  383  ;  Remarks  on  a  life  of  Lucretia 
Mott,  and  her  rejection  of  fundamental  doctrines  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  391  ;  Notice  of  proceedings  of 
New  England  Yearly  Meeting  of  the  Larger  Body, 
and  comments,  399 ;  Notice  of  a  correction  in  refer- 
ence to  a  reprint  of  an  account  of  Waltham  Abbey 
School,  399;  Notice  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Penna". 
Slate  College  for  1883-4,  399;  Notice  of  The  Annual 
Report  of  the  Institute  for  Colored  Youth  for  1884, 
400;  Notice  of  The  Freedmens'  Friend,  400  ;  On  the 
relations  between  science  and  religion,  407;  On  the 
right  understanding  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  415; 
Notice  of  the  correction  of  a  statement  in  reference 
to  George  Churchman,  415. 
Edmundson  William.     On  the  baptizing  power  of  the 

ministry  of,  193. 
Education.     Statistics  of  illiteracy  in  the  United  States. 
60. 
polishes  crime,  but  does  not  destroy  it,  101. 
among  Friends.     Remarks  on  the  early  efforts 

to  promote,  &c,  379. 
Notice  of  engraved,  and  political  excitement 
!  connected  with,  214. 
Egypt.     Remarks  on  making  merchandize  of  the  dead 
in,  30. 
On  ending  slavery  in,  166. 
Explorations  to  be  begun  in  Zoan  in,  294. 
Notice  of  dried  plants  recently  found  on  mum- 
mies in,  338. 
Notice  of  the  discovery  of  parts  of  a  gigantic 

statue  in,  380. 
On  the  great  numbers  of  pigeons  in,  382. 
Electrical  lounge.     Notice  of  a,  286. 

discharge  in  a  telegraph  station,  342. 
Electricity.     Notice  of  a  vessel  propelled  by,  13. 
Elephant.     Notice  of  trimming  the  feet  of  the,  198. 
England  family.     Brief  notices  of  the,  187. 

Joseph  of  Nottingham,  Md.    Brief  notice  of,  187. 
Ensilage.     Supposed  change  in  vegetable  fibre  subject- 
ed to,  286.  398. 
Episcopal  Church.     Notice  of  abuses  connected  with 
the,  in  England,  46. 
On  the  absence  of  discipline  in  the,  110. 
Extracts  from  a  speech  of  John  Bright,  on  the 
liberation   of  the,  from  State  patronage,  210. 
218. 
A  clergyman  of  the,  claims  the  right  to  hear  con- 
fession and  pronounce  absolution,  278. 
Affirmations  instead  of  oaths  favored  by  minis- 
ters among,  278. 
Notice  of  the  growth  of  ritualistic  ideas  in  the, 

and  comments,  286. 
Testimony  of  a  minister  of  the,  to  the  correct- 
ness of  the  principles  of  Friends,  350. 
in  Scotland.     Notice   of  exactions   by,    upon   a 
community  in  Old  Meldrum,  246. 
Epileptics.     Remarks  on  a  proposed  home  for,  246. 
Established  Church  practically  an  ally  of  heathenism. 

An,  375. 
Europe.     Denominational  statistics  of,  199. 
Evil.     The  toleration  of,  a  sign  of  moral  degeneracy, 


Eggs. 


INDEX. 

Falls  of  St.  Anthony.     Method  of  preventing  the  re- 
cession of,  21. 
Faraday  Prof.     Observations  of,  on  the  gospel  as  be- 
yond the  reach  of  science,  230. 
Ferris  David.     Remarks  of,  on  religious  conversation, 
220. 
Experience  of,  and  desire  for  spiritual  life,  220. 
Festivals.     Remarks  on  the  demoralizing  effect  of,  in 

connection  with  religious  congregations,  347.  371. 
Finland.     Notice  of  a  new  sect  in,  62. 

Notice  of  a  plan  adopted  by  natives  of,  to  avoid 
conscription,  134. 
Fire.     Notice  of  men  ignorant  of,  286. 

Steam   used  to  extinguish,  by  automatic  appa- 
ratus, 350. 
Fire  among  thorns.     Illustration  of  a  Scripture  pas- 
sage entitled,  171. 
First-day  of  the  week.     Happy  results  of  observing  the, 
"by  the  Louisville  N.  A.  ei  Chicago  Railroad, 
21. 
Remarks  of  the  Governor  of  Missouri  against 

selling  intoxicating  drinks  on  the,  37. 
Working  men  in  favor  of  the  observance  of,  43. 
Remarks  on  reading  newspipers  on  the,  94. 
The  observance  of  the,  approved  by  a  Jewish 

Rabbi,  166. 
made  a  day  for  theatre-going,  &c  ,  in  Germany, 

330. 
Notice  of  a  prosecution  of  base  ball  players,  for 
disregarding  the,  414. 
Fish.     Notice  of  a  contest  for  a,  374. 
Fish  Commission  of  the  United  States.     Account  of  the 

work  of  the,  194.  202. 
Fishes.     On  the  artificial   propagation  of  food,  186. 
Fletcher  John.     Dying  expressions  of,  213. 
Flexible  sandstone  found  in  Pennsylvania,  310. 
Flood  in  the  Ohio  valley  in  1884.     Notice  of  the,  258. 
Flowers  of  California. "   A   ramble  among    the    wild, 

362. 
Fog  signals.     Notices  of,  102. 
Food.     On  the  various  geographical  sources  of  articles 

of,  262. 
Foreign  travel.     Remarks  on  the  insidious  dangers  of, 

185. 
Forgiveness.     Remarks  on   the   duty   of  feeling   the 
spirit  of,  124. 
Incidents  illustrating  the  power  of,  193. 
Foster  William.     Notice  of  religious  exercises  of,  in 


"Faith  Believers."     Notice  of  the  death  of  a  member 

of  a  community  of,  262. 
Faith.     On  saving,  335. 


Fox  George.     The  testimony  of  William  Penn  in  re- 
gard to,  in  prayer,  351. 
Franklin  Benjamin,  the  printer's  boy.     Notice  of,  373. 
France.     Notice  of  the  increase  of  the  number  of  Pro- 
testant schools  in,  21. 
Observations  on  the  overruling  of  events  by  Di- 
vine power  in  the  recent  history  of,  43. 
Remarks  on  ecclesiastical  disestablishment  in,  77. 
Remarks  on  Protestantism  in,  199. 
Remarks  on  the  prediction  by  J.  Fleming  of  the 

Revolution  of  1703,  in,  356.  362.  370. 
French  Creek  Falls,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.     Notice  of  the 

geological  character  of,  &c,  406. 
Friends'  Library,  Philada.     Circular  of  the  committee 

in  charge  of,  125. 
Friends.     Religious  communications  addressed  to,  35. 

52.  172.  246.277.  291.357. 
Remarks  on  the  stale  of  the  Society  of,  11.  15. 

35.  47.  55.  61.  71.  119.  139.  143.  279.  285.  306. 

317.  319.  342. 
Observations  of  Joel  Bean  on  wrongs  inflicted 

upon  fellow  members  by  professed,  139. 
Remarks  on  the  evidences  of  departures  from  the 

principles  of,  11,  139: 
Remarks  on  the  blessed  effects  of  consistency  in 

the  religion-  profession  of,  52. 
On  the  Christian  testimony  of,   in  dress,  52,  180. 

340.  350. 
On  the  doctrine  of,  respecting  the  light  of  Christ, 

55.78.115.135.138. 
On  religious  life  in  the  Society  of,  61. 
On  the  doctrines  of,   in  regard  to  ministry 

367. 
On  the  testimony  and  practice  of,  in  regard  to 

worship,  126. 
Remarks  of  Samuel  Neale  on  the  exercise  of  the 

discipline  among,  6. 
On  the  danger  to,  of  mingling  in  various  benevo 

lent  associations,  &c,  14. 
Consistent,  cannot  join  secret  societies,  71.  371 
A  plea  for  the  plain  language  used  by,  75; 
On  the  inconsistency  of  members  among,  joining 

secret  societies,  87. 
Remarks  of  F.  Birdseye,  a  Congregational  min 

ister,  upon,  90. 


Friends.     Ancient  minutes  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of, 

in  England,  91.  98.  105. 
Testimony  of  Daniel  Wheeler  against  letting 

fall  the  doctrines  and  practices  of,  93. 
Notice  of  the  persecution  of,  in  England,  in  the 

17th  century,  98.  105. 
Notice  of  a  suit-at-law  concerning,  in  Canada 

102. 
Observations  of  William  Evans  on  the  precious 

testimony  of,  to  silent  worship,  109. 
Remarks  of  a  Free  Methodist  on,  and  comments, 

110. 
Remarks  on  the  exercise  of  mind  caused  by  the 

non-attendance  of  religious  meetings  by  mem- 
bers among,  117,  130. 
drafted  in  the  late  war.     Narrative  respecting, 

Testimony  of  Daniel  B.  Smith  respecting  the 
Society  of,  132. 

The  doctrine  of  the  light  of  Christ  a  fundamen- 
tal one  among,  138.  415. 

Remarks  on  the  advantages  of  consistency  in, 
with  their  profession,  145. 

On  the  principles  and  practice  of,  in  arriving  at 
conclusions  in  their  meetings  for  discipline, 
161. 

Caution  to,  against  joining  with  others  in  benevo- 
lent associations,  158. 

Early  experience  of  David  Ferris  in  adopting 
the  plain  language  and  other  testimonies  of, 
164. 

Notice  of  the  early  settlement  of,  in  the  Shenan-  \  . 
doah  Valley,  Va.,  165. 

Remarks  of  The  British  Friend,  on  birthright 
membership  among,  166. 

Notice  of  the  earlv  settlement  of,  at  Nottingham, 
Pa.,  146.  156.  165.  170.  181.  187.  195. 

The  Redeemer  is  able  to  bring  back,  to  the 
purity  of  our  forefathers,  172. 

Remarks  on  the  testimony  of,  against  water  bap- 
tism, 183. 

On  the  nature  of  the  testimony  of,  against  hat 
honor,  109. 

Advice  to  young  members  among,  in  relation  to 
business,  205. 

Notice  of  a  legal  decision  in  favor  of,  in  Canada, 
206,  271. 

Notice  of  a  proposed  appeal  from  the  above,  278. 

On  the  obligation  of,  to  maintain  our  so-called 
minor  testimonies,  226. 

Prayer  as  understood  by,  244.  369. 

The  early,  led  by  the  Holy  Spirit  into  humility 
and  plainness,  246. 

Notice  of  a  settlement  of,  in  Florida,  247.         l^ 

Notice  of  the  re-adoption  of  the  old  discipline  by, 
in  Canada,  254. 

Remarks  on  the  probable  future  of  the  Society 
of,  in  some  quarters,  279. 

On  the  views  of,  in  regard  to  music,  292.    . 

Account  of  the  causes  which  led  to  a  separation,  i   ... 
in   White  River  Monthly  Meeting,   Indiana, 
317. 

On  the  views  of  Friends  in  regard  to  "mission- 
ary" movements,  318.343.  355. 

On  the  doctrines  of,  in  relation  to  faith,  335. 

Reasons  why,  object  to  professional  and  absorb- 
ing games  of  all  kinds,  339. 

Remarks  on  pictures  on  the  walls  of  houses  of, 
339. 

Comments  on  the  correspondence  of  London 
Yearly  Meeting  with  bodies  of,  342. 

On  the  views  of,  in  regard  to  the  reading,  &c,  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  343.  415. 

On  the  belief  of,  in  regard  to  prayer,  35L 

Remarks  on  nominal  members  among,  357. 

On  the  sad  effects  of  mixed  marriages  among,  361. 

On  the  early  efforts  of,  to  promote  a  guarded 
education  for  their  youth,  379. 

Notice  of  protests  of,  against  the  use  of  Greek 
and  Latin  classics  for  their  youth,  379. 
"  Friends'  fund."     Notice  of  a,  in  Great  Britain,  254. 
"  Friends'  Union  for  Philanthropic  Labor,"  (Hicksite). 

Notice  of,  327. 
Frozen  food.     Notice  of  the  increasing  consumption  of, 

&c,  54. 
Frogs  as  food,  294. 
Funeral.     An  Italian,  101. 

A  Florentine,  125. 

Galilee.     Remarks  on  storms  upon  the  sea  of,  157. 
Gambling.    Objections  to  the  principle  underlying,  315. 
396. 
On  the  connection  between  billiards,  base  ball, 
and  other  games  and,  41 1. 


Gardiner  Peter.     Dying  expressions  of,  213. 
Gas  well.     Notice  of  a,  in  California,  334. 
"Gather  the  fragments."     Essays  entitled,  43.  53. 
Geological.     Footprints   resembling  those  of  man  be- 
lieved to  be  those  of  a  gigantic  sloth,  6. 
Footprints  of  birds,   of  great   interest,  recently 
discovered  in  Connecticut,  200. 
Getchell  Dennis.     Brief  account  of,  and  his  testimony 

for  the  Truth,  227.  235. 
Gibbons  Hannah.     Incident  relating  to,  130. 
Gibbons  James.     Biographical  notice  of,  403. 
Gibraltar.     Notice  of,  178.  189. 
Girard   Stephen.     Remarks   on  the  character  of,  74. 

95.  115. 
Girls.     Advice  to,  in  relation  to  modesty.  300. 
Giving.     On  the  duty  and  blessedness  of,  372. 
Glass  u-ed  as  a  sheathing  for  ships,  359. 
"Good  Templars."     Remarks  on,  71. 
Gospel.     Man,  of  himself,  cannot  preach  the,  193. 

The,  beyond  the  reach  of  science  ;  by  Prof.  Fara- 
day, 230. 
Gotherson  Dorothea.   Sketch  of  the  lifeof,  251.  259.  267. 
Government  of  Christ.     On  the  predicted,  191. 
Grace  of  God.     The,  brings  salvation  from  sin  as  it  is 

obeyed,  179. 
Greenland.  Notice  of  explorations  to  the  interior  of,  222. 
Grellet  Stephen.    Instruction  administered  to,  through 

a  dream,  85. 
Gum  arabic.     The  present  scarcity  of,  due  to  warlike 

movements  in  the  Soudan,  310. 
Gun  barrel.  On  bursting  a,  306. 
Gunpowder.     Quicklime  used  as  a  substitute  for,  in 

mining  coal,  310. 

Habits.     On  the  necessity  of  breaking  bad,  at  once,  124. 
Hat  honor.     Comments  on,  connected  with  a  recent  in- 
cident at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  159. 

Experience  of  David  Ferris  in  reference  to,  164. 

Remarks  on  the  origin  and  nature  of  the  testi- 
mony of  Friends  against,  199. 
Hay.     Notice  of  chemical  changes  in  the  making  of,  46. 
Hall  Abigail  W.     Remarks  on  the  death  and  character 

of,  234.  244. 
Haverford  College.     Money  solicited  for,  310. 

A  new  telescope  purchased  for,  310. 

Notice  of  foolish  ceremonies  at,  and  comments, 
391. 
"  He  maketh  the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  Him."     Les- 
sons from  modern  history  entitled,  43. 
Health.      Precautions   to    be   used     by    type-founders 
against  lead  poisoning,  22. 

Notice  of  poisonous  algae,  54. 

On  promoting  the  spread  of  scarlet  fever,  54. 

On  the  importance  of  ventilation  of  bed  clothes 
to,  54. 

On  mental  overwork,  78. 

On  precautions  necessary  to  obtain  pure  water,  78. 

On  the  benefit  to  the,  of  girls  from  out-door  life, 
93. 

The  lung  worm  in  sheep,  successfully  treated 
with  carbolic  acid,  101. 

Remarks  on  bathers'  cramp,  102. 

Danger  to  the  ear  in  diving,  102. 

On  the  danger  to,  from  the  use  of  canned  fruit, 
&a,  109. 

On  the  danger  to,  from  pickles  colored  with  cop- 
per, 133. 

The  long  handling  of  U.  S.  currency  notes,  in- 
jurious to,  150. 

On  the  dangers  to  the,  of  invalids  in  foreign 
climes,  166. 

The  handling  of  vanilla  pods  in  large  quantity 
prejudicial  to,  175. 

Observations  on  colorblindness,  182. 

Remarks  on  malaria,  205.  238.  254. 

On  the  use  of  a  flax-seed  in  inflammation  of  the 
eye,  205. 

An  outbreak  of  typhoid  fever  traced  to  contami- 
nated milk,  222. 

On  the  danger  to,  from  the  dust  on  the  walls, 
,Vc,  ..I' houses,  222. 

The  progress  of  malaria  in  New  England,  not 
due  apparently  to  local  causes,  230. 

Advice  upon  curing  dyspepsia,  238. 

On  the  danger  to,  from  vessels  glazed  with  lead, 

246. 

On  the  danger  to,  from  artificially  colored  peas, 

2o:;. 

(  In  the  danger  to,  in  cities  from  covered  swamps, 
251!. 

Drinking  water  supposed  to  be  a  cause  of  ma- 
laria, 280. 

Sleep  believe.]  to  be  promoted  by  covering  the 

load.  291. 


INDEX. 

Health.     On  preventing  hiccoughs,  302. 

Flies  probably  agents  in  spreading  infectious 
diseases,  318. 

Testimony  of  Dr.  Bowditeh  on  the  injurious  ef- 
fects of  tobacco  on  the,  318. 

Observations  on  the  effect  of  tobacco  upon  bovs, 
318. 

Hydrophobia  prevented  in  dogs,  by  inoculation, 

On   the  danger  to  aged  persons  of  running 

railroad  trains,  326. 
On   the  injury  to  the  eyes  by  the  iron  dust  from 

railways,  326.  342. 
Infectious  diseases  may  he  propagated  by  coins, 

342. 
On  the  nature  of  the  diseases  produced  by  alco- 
hol, 349. 
Benefit  to,  of  potatoes  cooked  with  the  Fkin  on. 

358. 
On  poisons  developed  in  the  body,  359. 
Disease  produced  by  mouldy  reeds,  366. 
The  membrane  of  an  egg  useful  as  an  application 

to  wounds,  366. 
The  "  holy  shrines"  in  the  East  centres  of  con 

tagious  diseases,  374. 
On  the  comparative  advantages  of  different  kind: 

of  bed  clothing  to,  374. 
On  the  dangers  to,  by  exposure  to  cold  in  sum 

On  the  purification  of  river  water,  390. 
Sometimes  to  be  sacrificed  at  the  call  of  duty,  396 
Heathen  woman.     Experience  of  an,  in  bearing   the 

cross  of  Christ,  243. 
Heaven.     On  laying  up  treasure  in,  93. 
Heat.     Instance  of  the  development  of,  bv  percussion, 

214. 
Herbarium  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Pbila. 
Notice  of  the  large,  215. 
of  the    Natural    History   Museum  at  Florence. 
Notice  of  the,  338. 
Heroisms.     Three  recent,  37. 
Hervey  J.    Declarations  of,  on. the  true  value  of  earthly 

pursuits,  108. 
Hickory.     On  the  habitat  and  excellent  qualities  of  the, 

312. 
Hoag  Joseph.     Incidents  connected  with  the  ministry 

of,  123.  131.  299. 
Holidays.     Observations  on  the  demoralizing  character 

of,  347. 
"  Holiness  Association."     Remarks  on  the  proceedings 

of  an,  94. 
Holy  Spirit.     Obedience  to  the  secret  convictions  of 

the,  the  sure  way  to  overcome  sin,  299. 
Holy  Scriptures.     Account  of  the  removal  of  restric- 
tions upon  the,  in  Rome,  2.  12.  18. 
Notice  of  a  proposed  translation  of  the,    into 

ChinoCorean,  77. 
Illustrations  of  passages   in   the,  from  oriental 
customs,  &c,  100.  115.  123.  140.  148. 157. 171. 
181.  188.  194.  204.  218.  22S.  229.  243.  244.  253. 
262.  315.  317. 
On  the  convincing  character  of  the  testimony  of 

the,  to  the  Divinity  of  our  Saviour,  223. 
Notice  of  the  Beirut  manuscript  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament, 253. 
Notice  of  the  recent  public  burning  of  portions 

of  the,  in  Spain,  278. 
On  the  principles  of  Friends  in  regard  to  the,  343. 
Account  of  the  translation  of  the,  into  Corean 

348. 
Notice  of  the  desire  for  the,  in  Japan,  397. 
On  the  fulfilment  of  prophecy  of  the,  356. 
On  the   belief  of  Friends  in  regard  to  the  right 
understanding  of  the,  415. 
Home.     Remarks  to  young  married   people  upon,  284. 
Home  influence.     Remarks  on  the  deadening  effects  of 

rreligious,  76. 
Hospital.     Notice  of  the  German,  in  Philadelphia,  327. 
Howard  Association  of  England.     Remarks  of,  on  the 

proper  treatment  of  criminals,  126. 
Hubbs  Rebecca.     Instruction  administered  to,  through 

a  dream,  84. 
Huguenot   children.     Stories   of  the  escape  of,  from 

I  ranee,  90. 
Humbugging.     How,  pays,  206. 
Humility.     On,  380. 
Hydrogen  gas  liquefied,  318. 

Hydrophobia,     Dogs  rendered  proof  against,  by  inocu- 
lation, 326. 

ice.     On  some  peculiarities  of,  93. 
Idaho.      Notice  of  lost  rivers  in,  324. 

Idolatry.     Remarks  on  a  defence  of,  by  a  Hindoo  wo- 


"  In  the  morning  sow  thy  seed."     Remarks  on  the  re- 
sponsibility of  parents,  187. 
Incidents  and  Reflections.     Essays  entitled,  26.  34.  51. 
59.  84.  99.  107.  123.  130.  137.  145.   155.  163.  173. 
180.  185.  193.  201.  212.  220.  228.  234.  243. 
Incubators  for  infants.     Notice  of,  326. 
India.     A  woman  of,  preparing  as  a  medical  student, 
to  elevate  her  sex,  29. 

A  solitary  native  Christian  in  a  town  of,  happy 
76. 

Census  returns  of  different  religions  in,  143. 

Statistics  of  leprosy  in,  158. 

Notice  of  inscriptions  on  the  tomb  of  Akbar,  in, 
and  comments,  326. 
India-rubber.     On  the  production  of,  in  Brazil,  102. 
Indian.     Account  of  an  outrage  done  to  a  peaceable,  77. 

Incident  related  by  Robert  Scotton  of  a  prayer 
by  an,  228. 

girl.  Account  of  the  life  and  character  forgood 
of  Emma,  an  Umatilla,  342. 

Instance  of  gratitude  in  an,  381. 
Indian  Rights  Association.     Notice  of  the  objects  and 

efforts  of  the,  183. 
Indians.     Account  of  a  trivial  circumstance  leading  to 
a  war  between,  99. 

Notice  of  a  late  attempt  to  defraud  the  Sioux, 
191. 

Instance  of  the  integrity  of,  316. 

Declarations  of  General  Harney  and  others,  that 
in  wars  with,  justice  has  been  on  the  side  of 
the,  317. 

The  distress  of  the  north  western,  consequent 
upon  the  sudden  disappearance  of  the  buffalo, 
323. 

Remarks  of  B.  T.  Butler  on  the  treatment  of  the, 
383. 
Infidel.     Remorse  of  an,  on  his  death-bed,  213. 
Infidelity.     How,  succumbs  to  the  Truth,  149. 

On  the  danger  of  reading  works  tainted  with, 
215. 

On  motives  commonly  leading  to  a  profession  of, 
373. 

Remarks  in  reference  to  the  above,  375. 

Notice  of  converts  from,  399. 
Injuries.     Seeking  redress  for,  not  in  accordance  with 

Christ's  commands,  28. 
Intemperance  overcome  by  yielding  to  a  visitation  of 
Divine  grace,  19. 

Notice  of  the  introduction  of,  in  Madagascar  by 
Europeans,  21. 

Remarks  of  the  Governor  of  Missouri  on  the  dis- 
honorable character  of  the  business  of  saloon 
keepers,  37. 

Encouragement  to  Friends  to  vote  for  prohibi- 
tion in  Ohio,  61. 

Notice  of  a  temperance  movement  in  Denmark, 
69. 

Notice  of  a  temperance  movement  in  Germany, 
103. 

A  large  proportion  of  idiots  in  Norway  the  chil- 
dren of  intemperate  parents,  103. 

Testimony  of  a  Judge  in  Chicago,  on  the  ruin- 
ous effects  of,  110. 

diminished  by  the  spread  of  temperance  princi- 
ples in  England  and  Scotland,  119. 

Notice  of  the  vote  on  the  prohibition  amend- 
ment in  Ohio,  126. 

Success  of  the  town  of  St.  Ives,  Cornwall,  from 
the  absence  of,  126. 

An  earnest  appeal  made  sucessful  in  reclaiming 
from,  131. 

Object  lesson  respecting,  135. 

A  little  child  instrumental  in  reclaiming  a  man 
from,  155. 

On  the  danger  of  foreign  travel,  in  promoting, 
158. 

On  the  evil  character  of  the  manufacturers  and 
sellers  of  intoxicating  liquors,  [64 

Significant  proof  of  the  power  of  the  brewing 
interest  in  England,  175. 

Observations  on  the  passion  for  stimulants,  198. 

an  inexhaustible  source  of  insanity,  215. 

On  the  danger  of  the  use  of  cider,  Ac,  in  pro- 
moting, 2  [5. 

Results  of  prohibition  in  Georgia,  262. 

(in  the  growing  feeling  in  the  community  of  the 
disreputable  character  of  the  liquor  business, 
284. 

Notice  of  a  petition  for  use  of  text-books  against, 
in  public  schools,  2S7. 

On  the  effect  of,  upon  the  character  and  morals, 

307. 

A  murderous  assault  bv  a  boy,  attributed  to,  from 

cider.  310. 


Intemperance  the  great  depressing  inllncnce  in  Ireland, 
316. 
Testimony  of  Dr.  Bowditch  against  encouraging 
the  use  of  light  wines  and  beer  as  a  preventive 
of,  318. 
On  the  nature  of  the  diseases  produced  by  alco- 
hol, 349. 
Remarks  on  recent  efforts  to  enforce  the  laws 

against,  in  Philadelphia,  383. 
Testimony  of  a   working  man  to  the  injurious 

effects  of  beer,  398. 
Proposition  to  restrict,  in  Russia,  398. 
Notice  of  prohibitory  laws  against,  in  Iowa,  40 
On  railroad  liquor  saloons,  414. 
Insanitv.     On  man's  power  over  himself  to  prevent  or 
control,  99.  294. 
On  feigned,  106. 

Intemperance  an  inexhaustible  source  of,  215. 
Instant  in  season.     Incidents  and  reflections  illustrat 

ing  the  importance  of  being,  131. 
Imagination.     Remarks  on  an  evil,  139. 
'!  Intercession  of  saints.     Remarks  on  the  Roman  doc 
I     trine  of  the,  199. 

1"  Instantaneous  conversion."     On,  2G6. 
*  Iowa.     A  gold  medal  presented  by  the  Legislative  Com 
f     mittee  of,  to  a  girl  for  bravery,  293. 
Ireland  formerly  the  most  enlightened  region  of  the 
west,  308. 
On  the  great  consumption  of  intoxicating  drinks 
in,  316. 
Iron  sand  in  New  Zealand.     Notice  of  large  quantities 

of,  199. 
Iron.     On  protecting,  from  rust,  133. 

Notice  of  extremely  thin  sheets  of,  335. 
Irritability.     On  the  duty  of  resisting  the  temptation 

to,  117. 
Italy.     Brief  history  of  modern,  2. 

On  the  development  of  modern,  268. 
Items.    77.  86.  94.  102.  110.  119.  126.  134.  142.  150. 
159.  166.  183.  191.  199.  239.  246.  254.  262.  270.  278. 
286.  294.  302.  310.  318.  327.  335.  342.  350.  359.  367. 
374.  3S3.  391.  398.  407.  414. 

Java.     Account  of  the  recent  volcanic  eruption  in,  67. 

261. 
Japan.     Notice  of  the  rapid  spread  of  the  profession  of 
Christianity  in,  119.  351. 
Suffering  of  Christian  converts   for  conscience 

sake  in,  262. 
A  native  Christian  instructor  in,  397. 
Jesuits.     Notes  on  recent  history,  in  connection  with 

the,  43. 
Jerusalem.     Three  days  in  the  week  observed  as  the 
First-day  of  the  week  by  different  religions  in,  166. 
Jews.     Casting  sins  into  the  sea  by,  21. 

Notice  of  the  festival  of  burning  by,  83. 
Observations  on  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath 

by,  148. 
Scruples  of  a  descendant  of  Aaron,  respected  by 

an  English  court,  175. 
Remarks  on  the  alleged  left-handedness  of  the 

ancient,  176. 
Notice  of  modern  beliefs  among,  270. 
Notice  of  Joseph  Rabinovitch,  a  reformer  among 

the,  310. 
Notice  of  efforts  to  change  the  belief  of,  335. 
Notice  of  the  strict  observance  of  traditions  by, 
383. 

Jewish  Foster  Home  and  Orphan  Asylum.     Notice  of 
I      the,  318. 

Jordan.     On  the  valley  of  the,  253. 
,  Judge.     A  prisoner  sentenced  by  a,  until  he  could  learn 

to  write,  60. 
Judging  charitably  of  others.     On,  213. 
.  Judgment.     Incident  illustrating  the  need  of  prepara- 
tion for  the  final,  53. 
Jungle.     On  the  impenetrable  character  of  an  Indian, 
70. 

Kefir.     Notice  of  the  preparation  of,  38. 

Kennard  William.     Religious  visit  of,  to  New  York 
and  New  England  in  1S41,  322.  331.  339. 
Letters  of,  339. 

Kite  Rebecca.     Notice  of  the  benevolent  labors  of,  in 
Philadelphia,  in  1793,  115. 

Kite  Thomas.     Memoirs  and  Letters  of,  111.  252.  258. 

Knowing  the  voice  of  the  Shepherd.     Contribution  en- 
titled, 395. 

Kuklux  trials  in  Georgia.     Remarks  on,  134. 

Labor.     Remarks  on  the  struggle  for  remunerative,  211. 
Lake  Winnipiseogee.     On  the  character  of  the  bottom 
of,  133. 
Account  of  the  Great  Salt,  276. 


Lake.    Notice  of  animals  in  the  waters  of  the  (ireat  Salt 

302. 
Language.     A  plea  for  plain  and  unflattering,  75. 
Law.     On  the  danger  to  a  community  from  the  disre 

gard  of,  in  the  punishment  of  offenders,  255. 
Law  and  Order  Society  of  Philadelphia.     Notice  of  the 

operations  of,  335. 
Leather  fraudulently  treated  with  glucose,  326. 
Leap  for  life.     A,  308. 
Lens.     An  ancient,  269. 

Letters.     Reflections  upon  a  series  of  old  family,  53 
Letters  and  memoranda  of  William  Scattergood' [con- 
tinued from  Vol.  LVL,  p.  411],  1.  9.  17.  25.  33.  41 
49.  57.  65.  73.  81.  89.  97.  105.  113.  121.  129. 
Letter  of  Sarah  Hillman,  9.  25.  33. 
Joel  Bean,  139. 
David  Hall,  59. 
William  Kennard,  339. 
John  Wilbur,  49.73. 

Isaac  Wright,  on  the  necessity  of  maintaining 

theso  called  minor  testimonies  of  Friend--,  226. 

Levity  and  piety  inconsistent.     Dying  remarks  of  Legit 

Richmond's  son  upon,  301. 
Lewis  William.     Remarks  of,   on  speaking  of  self  in 

connection  with  religion,  220. 
Liberty  and  restraint.     Remarks  on  the  necessary  con 

nection  of,  141. 
Licentiousness  most  rapidly  corrupts  the  religious  na 

ture,  338. 
Life.     Remarks  on  the  precious  prize  offered  only  dur 

ing  the  brief  period  of  human,  333. 
Light.     The  colors  of  certain  minerals  changed  by,  110. 
Light  of  Christ.     On  the  doctrine  of  the,  as  held  by 
Friends,  55.  78.  115.  138. 
Testimony  of  William  Evans  to  the,  109. 
On  the  necessity  of  obedience  to  the,  135. 
the  agent  of  man's  conversion,  138. 
On  walking  in  the,  146. 
On  the  blessedness  of  giving  heed  to  the, 
Lightning.     Magnetic  effects  produced  by,  246. 
Literature.     On  the  duty  of  parents   to  guard   against 

evil,  299. 
Little  things.     On  the  importance  of,  221. 

On  keeping  the  temper  in,  382. 
Little  stranger.     Extract  entitled  The,  390. 
Locusts.     Account  of  the  war  against,  in  Cyprus,  82. 
London.     Remarks  on  the   condition  of  the  poor  in 

parts  of,  271.  410. 
Looking  and  seeing.     On,  235. 
Lost  in  the  forest.     Method  of  finding  persons,  46. 
Lotteries.     Protest  of  the  Democratic  State  Convention 
of  Louisiana  against,  191. 
Legal  decision  to  characterize,  as  robbery,  not 

libellous,  351. 
denounced  in  the  Austrian  House  of  Deputies, 
359. 

Luck.     The  idea  of,  a  fallacious  one,  315. 
Luminous  paint.     Notice  of  uses  of,  238.r407. 
Lutherans.     Notice  of  steps  taken  by,  for  the  care  of 

emigrants,  367. 
Lybrand   Joseph.     Anecdote   of,   illustrating   Divine 
guidance,  26. 

Madagascar.  Notice  of  the  martyrdom  of  native  Chris- 
tians in,  about  1835,  157. 

Manuscripts  of  El  Faiyoom.  Notice  of  the  valuable 
character  of  the  recently  discovered,  366. 

Malaria.     Remarks  on,  205.  238. 

A  law  suit  in  reference  to,  in  New  England,  230. 
Drinking  water  supposed  to  be  a  cause  of,  286. 

Man.     A  few  thoughts  on,  277. 

Maris  George.  Certificate  issued  bv  Friends  for,  in 
1683,  53. 

Matches.  Notice  of  a  large  manufactory  of,  in  Sweden, 
246. 

Marriages. — Elwood  Balderston  to  Sarah  E.  Atwater, 
56;  Stephen  A.  Webb  to  Deborah  Brooks,  104; 
William  C.  Allen  to  Elizabeth  C.  Bromley,  104; 
John  M.  Whitall  Thomas  to  Mary  Clark  Nicholson, 
104;  Finley  Hutton  to  Agnes  V.  McGrew,  104; 
Henry  A.  Lippincott  to  Sarah  Palmer,  120;  Ezra  C. 
Bell  to  Priscilla  M.  Evans,  136  ;  Joshua  P.  Smith  to 
Mary  M.  Williams,  144 ;  James  Edward  Tatnall  to 
Edith  A.  Comfort,  144;  David  Stephen  to  Sarah 
Todd,  152;  Samuel  Morris  to  Mary  E.  Todd,  152; 
Daniel  B.  Price  to  Rachel  Benington,  152;  John  G. 
Hall  to  Anna  Livezey,  176;  William  R.  Swayne  to 
Hannah  Kirk,  240  ;  William  P.  Dewees  to  Elizabeth 
R.  Bedell,  240;  Joshua  W.  Smith  to  Eva  Irene 
Fowler,  256;  Lindley  Shaw  to  Marv  Alice  Burgess, 
256;  George  C.  Webster  to  Sarah  Ellen  Whitelv, 
256  ;  Allen  H.  Roberts  to  Ida  Wilkins,  272 ;  J.  How- 
ard Zelley  to  Edith  Faweett,  280;  Edward  S.  Lowry 
to  Deborah  H.  Patterson,  296  ;  John  W.  Patterson 


to  Annie  M.  Edgerton,  312;  William   H.  Roberts  to 
Elizaheth  C.  Stokes,  320;  Joseph  Elkinton  to  Sarah 
W.  Passmore,  36S. 
Memory.     Illustrations  of  the  power  of,  29. 
Mennonite  brethren  in  Christ.     Notice  of  a  new  body 

entitled,  270. 
Mennonites.     Care  of,  against  worldly  conformity,  and 
comments,  150. 
Doctrine  delivered  by  a  member  of  the  Reformed, 

159. 
Choosing  by  lot  among,  318. 
in  Khiva.     Notice  of  the  suffering  condition  of, 
327. 
Message  from  the  Father."     Extract  entitled,  "A,  77. 
Meteoric  dust.     On,  246. 
Meteors.     Account  of  those  annual  seen  in  the  8th  mo., 

406. 
Methodists.     Notice  of,  in  Congenies,  France,  46. 

A  fund  left  to,  on  the  condition  that  "sociables" 

be  given  up,  46. 
Brief  account  of  the  rise  and  history  of  the  Free, 

61. 
Incident  connected  with  church  discipline  among, 
tG9. 
Notice  of  an  union  with  different  denominations 

of,  in  Canada,  77. 
Correction  of  mistakes  in  reference  to  bishops 

among,  350. 
Statistics  of  in  the  United  States,  351.  367. 
Discipline  enforced  by  African,  359. 
Notice  of  the  appointment  of  bishops  by,  359. 
Women  not  licensed  to  preach  bv  a  General  Con- 
ference of,  in  Philadelphia,  359. 
No  distinction  made  by,  on  account  of  color,  359. 
Regulations  lately  adopted  bv,  in  reference  to 

divorce,  367. 
Regulation  lately  adopted  bv,  in  reference  to  to- 
bacco, 383. 
Notice  of  signs  of  weakness  among,  391. 
Camp  meetings  not  recommended  by  a  recent 
conference  of  African,  399. 
Mexico.     Street  sights  in. the  city  of,  283. 
Microscopic  organisms  noticed  in  bricks,  199. 
Milk.     On  a  method  of  adulterating,  by  glucose,  166. 
Military  heroes— moral  cowards,  317. 
Ministry.     Observations  of  William  Scattergood  on  a 
preparation  for  the,  16. 
Illustrations  of  the  preparations  needful  for  the 

exercise  of  the,  51.  59. 
Remarks  on  the  bestowal  of  gifts  in  the,  to  wo- 
men, 51. 
On  the  origin   and  nature  of  gospel,  67.  329. 
No   foundation   in   Scripture   for  a  sacerdotal 

class  in  the,  69. 
Remarks  on  the  views  of  Friends  in  regard  to 

the,  94. 
On  the  example  and  practice  of  our  Saviour  re- 
specting, 102. 
Blessed  rewards  in  this  life  for  faithfulness  in 

the  work  of  the,  163. 
On  the  baptizing  power  of  true  gospel,  193.  229. 
Remarks  on  gospel,  221. 
Experience  of  Mary  Neale  as  an  example  of 

silence  in  the,  221. 
On  the  obligation  to  maintain  a  testimony  against 

a  hireling,  226. 
True  ministry  accompanied  with  Divine  unction, 

228. 
A  noble  testimony  to  the  desirability  of  a  free 

gospel,  by  a  paid  preacher,  253. 
of  a  colored  man.     Remarkable  incident  con- 
nected with  the,  273. 
Incident  connected  with  the,  of  Joseph  Hoag, 

123.  131.  299. 
of  William  Kennard.     Incidents  connected  with 

the,  322.  331. 
True,  only  through  the  Eternal  Spirit,  329. 
of  Elizabeth  Robson.     Incident  connected  with 

the,  331. 
of  Micajah   Collins.     Incident  connected  with 

the,  345. 
On  the  true  qualification  for  the,  as  often  ex- 
emplified in  illiterate  men,  367. 
Mine.     On  the  danger  of  impure  air  in  a,  239. 

is.     Quicklime  used  as  a  substitute  for  gunpowder 
coal,  310. 
Mint  in  San  Francisco.     A  visit  to  the  U.  S.,  402. 
Missionary  work.     On  the  views  of  Friends  in  regard 

to,  318.  "355. 
Mississippi.     Notice  of  the  shifting  of  the  bed  of  the, 

310. 
Modesty.     Commendation  of,  300. 
Moles.     On  the  destruction  of,  in  England  for  their 
skins,  70. 


Mongols.     Account  of  the,  33.  42.  50.  58. 
Monkeys.     Remarks  on  the  aggressive  policy  of,  76. 
Morals',     flood,  do  not  depend  upon  intellectual  cul- 
ture, 291. 

On  public,  in  Chicago,  391. 

On  public,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  391. 
Mormonism  punished  in  Massachusetts,  102. 

Notice  of  the  spread  of,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

Remarks  on  the  spread  of,  134. 
Statistics  of,  327. 

A  missionary-  of,  punished  in  Austria,  391. 
Mutt  Lucretia.     Notice  of  a  life  of,  391. 
Movement  of  hills.     Notice  of  a  slight  regular  move- 
ment in,  in  Europe,  54. 
Motion  of  the  heavenly  bodies.     Remarks  on,  138. 
Mountain.     Notice  of  the  sinking  of  a,  in  Algeria,  318. 
Music.     Remarks   on,   as   pleasing  the   carnal    mind, 

147.  292. 
Mysteries.     Remarks  on  the  solution  of  apparent,  by 

thorough  investigation,  30. 
Muzzling  the  mouth.     On,  213. 

Nations.  Hopeful  signs  respecting  a  growing  senti- 
ment of  justice  among,  228. 

Natural  History,  &c. — Leeches  in  Ceylon,  6;  The  use 
of  whalebone  in  the  whale,  13;  Recent  increase  of 
vipers  in  France,  22;  Sagacity  of  crows,  30;  Strange 
attachments  between  animals,  37  ;  The  chickadee, 
38;  Bird-eating  frog,  40;  Anecdote  of  intelligence  in 
animals,  54;  American  chameleon,  62;  Protective 
mimicry  in  insects,  62;  Salt-water  insects  used  as 
food,  63  ;  Ravages  of  ants  in  Ceylon,  78  ;  Sagacity 
of  a  horse,  86 ;  Corals  of  Ceylon,  86 ;  Sagacity  of 
a  cat,  86.  101.  269;  Intelligence  in  dogs,  13.  93. 
125.  175.  215.  270.  411;  Intelligence  in  an  ox, 
110;  Colored  water  in  the  English  channel  due 
to  micsoseopic  bodies,  118;  The  Lancelet  tish,  118; 
Water  animals  in  the  Australian  desert,  150;  Hab- 
its of  the  [.anther  in  California,  150;  Habits  of  the 
beaver,  150;  Cunning  practice  of  the  English  spar- 
row, 150;  Wolves  in  Russia,  159;  Scottish  weasels, 
166;  A  tame  otter,  166  ;  On  the  communication  of 
ideas  from  man  to  animals,  215;  Sagacity  of  a  duck, 
222;  A  trained  baboon,  222;  The  beaver,  230; 
Birds  at  Atlantic  City,  254  ;  A  seal's  affection  for  her 
young,  254  ;  Aquatic  spiders,  209;  A  spider  afloat, 
286;  A  tame  sea-gull,  302;  The  ravages  of  the  tere- 
do, :;il2;  Animals  in  the  waters  of  the  Great  Salt 
Cake,  302;  On  the  adhesive  apparatus  of  insects, 
302;  Taming  wild  humming  birds,  309  ;  The  Crvp- 
tosaras,  310;  The  tape-fish,  310;  Earth-worms,  318; 
Curious  deep-sea  fishes,  318;  The  disappearance  of 
the  buflalo,  324;  The  honev  ant  of  Colorado,  326; 
Wild  camels  in  America,  350;  Petrels,  350;  Com- 
panionship of  coyote  and  badger,  358;  The  Myxine, 
350;  A  subterranean  bird,  307;  Baltimore  orioles, 
381  ;  Ostrich  chickens,  390;  Tame  marmoset,  398; 
Vegetables  preying  upon  tish,  413. 

Natural  History  Museum  at  Florence.  A  walk  through 
the,  338. 

Navy  chaplains.     Illustration  of  the  services  of,  383. 

Neaie  Samuel.     Early  experience  of,  in  the  work  of 
religion,  234. 
relinquishes  gunning  from  religious  convictions 

243. 
Cautions   by,   on   the   necessity  of  watchfulness 
unto  prayer,  283. 

Neat  rebukes,  1 10. 

Needles.     Notice  of  remarkable,  269. 

Never  forgel  anything.     Extract  entitled,  293. 

New  llrilain  and  adjacent  islands.  Late  observations 
in,  346.  354.  363.  371.379.  386. 

New  Oiiinea.  Notice  of  outrages  committed  upon  na- 
tives,,!; 119. 

New  tilings.    ()n  the  desire  of  the  unthinking  for,  413. 

Newspapers.  Ilcinarks  on  the  necessity  for  parents  t,, 
exercise  a  watchful  care  in  regard  to,  314. 

New  Zealand.     Appeal  of  the  Maories  of,  for  justice, 
135. 
Notice  of,  iii  connection  with  the  observation  of 
the  transil  of  Venus  in  1882,  365. 

Nickel.  Notice  of  the  discovery  of  rich  ores  of.  in 
Nevada,  222. 

Nottingham,  Penna.  Notes  upon  the  settlement  of 
Friends  at,  14G.  150.  105.  170.  181.  187.  195. 


Re 


,f  Div 


Objections  to,  in  Sweden,  30: 
( Ibedieiice  to  llivine   rcipurings. 
wards  of,  in  this  life,  163, 


INDEX. 

Ohio  flood  of  1884.     Notice  of  the,  258. 

Old  age.     A  voice  from,  260. 

Old  sayings.     On  the  origin  of  certain,  252. 

Opium  trade  in  China.     Petition   of  Protestant   mis 

sionaries  against  the,  86. 
New  South  Wales.     Widespread  feeling  against, 

31S. 
Oysters.     Star-fish  destructive  of  the  cultivation  of,  246. 

Pacific  Grove  Retreat.     Brief  account  of,  26. 
Papyri.     Notice  of  recently  discovered  valuable,  366. 
Painting  the  face.     On  the  Oriental  custom  of,  244. 
Panics.     On,  6. 

Paper.     Notice  of  a  steamboat  made  of,  78. 
Notice  of  gas  pipes  made  of,  93. 
On  the  manufacture  of,  301. 
Parents.     On  the  obligation  resting  on,  religiously  to 
watch  over  their  children,  149. 
On  the  duty  of,  early  to  watch  over  their  chil- 
dren, 187. 
On  the  need  for,  to  examine  carefully  the  read- 
ing matter  of  the  children,  314. 
Payton   Catharine.     On  the  baptizing  power  of  the 

ministry  of,  193. 
Pedler  on  London    Bridge   offering   gold    sovereigns. 

The,  333. 
Peace  Society  of  England.     Resolutions  of,  against  the 

war  in  Egypt,  367. 
Perilous  ride.     Extract  entitled,  A,  274. 
Peruvian  bark.     Notice  of  the  introduction  of,  238. 
Pennsylvania.     Earnest  and  continuous  opposition  of 
the  "Legislature  of,  to  theatres  in  the  18th  century, 
330.  _ 
Pedestrianism.     Remarkable  instance  of,  141. 
Peabody  dwelling   fund   in   London.     Notice  of  the 

work"of,  261. 
Peace  of  mind.     On  the  blessedness  of  true,  140. 
Peace  Society.     Notice  of  the  17th  annual  meeting  of 

the  Pennsylvania,  151. 
Pearl  of  great  price.     The,  140. 
Pestilence.     The   "  holv  shrines"   in  the  East  sources 

of,  374. 
Penington    Isaac.      Letter   of,    on    bearing   one   with 

another,  and  comments,  60. 
Penn  William.     Remarks  of,  on  his  early  religious  ex- 
perience, 143. 
Pennock  Caleb.     Exercise  of  mind  of,  in  regard  to  the 
departure  of  many  from  the  principles  of  Friends, 
108. 
Petersburg.     Notes  of  a  recent  visit  to,  4.  10. 
Phosphorescent  limestone.     On,  318. 
Pistols.     Extract  on  the  danger  of  accidental  shooting 

by.  5. 
Pigeons.     Notice  of  the  rapid  flight  of  carrier,  342. 
Pitt  George.     Notes  by,  of  a  late  tour  in  Russia,  Ac, 
4.  10.  19. 
Notes  by,  of  a  recent  visit  to  Portugal  and  Spain, 
172.  178.  189. 
Plainness  of  dress.     Reasons  for,  52. 

Early  experience  of  David  Ferris,  in  relation 

to,  164. 
Remarks  on,  179. 
Incidents  illustrating  the  testimony  of  Friends 

to,  180. 
On  the  obligation  to  maintain  the  testimony  to, 

226. 
Experience  of  Mieajah  Collins  in  reference  to, 
233. 
Plants. — Large  trees  in  Tasmania,  30;  On  the  Arctic 
flora,  37;  Fly-catching   plant,   46;  Giant  bamboos, 
47;  Rattans,  47;  Poisonous  alga',  54;  Aerial   roots, 
52;   Sea-weed,  70;  The  shoe  flower,  03;  The  Tali- 
pot palm,   77;    New  caoutchouc-vielding  plant,  78; 
Poisonous    leaves,    78;    The    mildew     of   tile    grape, 
93;  Ferns  in  I 'ex  l,,n,  1112;  Crass  islands  in  the  ocean, 


paw,  or  mummy  apple,  363 ;  The  roots  of  the  euca- 
lyptus used  as  a  source  of  water,  367. 
Plants.     Observations  on  the  growth  of,  118. 

On  the  geographical  distribution  of,  111. 
< In  the  effect  of  climate  upon  the  seeds  of,   111. 
On  the  agency  of  a  fungus  as  a  ferment  in  pro- 
ducing sugar,  ,\e.,  in  cci  lain,    II  I. 
Poor.     On  relieving  the.  105. 

On  the  judicious  relief  of  the,  270. 
Portugal.     Account  of  a  recent  visit  to,  by  Geo,  Pitt. 
172.  17s.  L89. 

On  (lie  want  of  religious  liberty  in,  827. 
Popish  plot.      Historical  notice  of  the,  207. 


Pompeii.     Many  of  the  customs  of,  likethoseof  modern  f 

times,  141. 
Potato.     On  the  benefit  of  cooking  the,  with  the  skins 

on,  358. 
Potato-rot.     On  the  nature  of,  134. 
Prayers.     On  formal,  142.  351. 

On  the  evidence  of  Divine  mercy  in  not  answer- 
ing certain,  198. 
"  Pray  ye  that  your  flight  be  not  in  the  winter."     Ex- 
trait  entitled",  140. 
Prayer  as  understood  by  Friends,  244.  369. 
Precipices.     Remarkable  escape  of  a  man  from  death 

in  falling  over,  206. 
Predestination.     On  the  derogatory  character  of  the 

doctrine  of,  329. 
Presence  of  mind.     Instance  of,  141. 
Prison.     Account  of  a  religious  visit  of  two  Friends  to 

a,  in  Iowa,  205. 
Providence.     On  trust  in,  and  benevolence,  109. 

On  the  inability  of  man  to  discover  the  plans 
and  workings' of,  181. 
Providential  preservations.     Incidents  of,  107.  174. 
Presbyterians.     Objections  by,  to  musical  instruments 
in  their  services,  119. 
Marriage  with  a  deceased  wife's  sister  allowed 

by,  359. 
Notice  of  a  General  Council  of,  407. 
Problems  in  human  nature,  204. 
Price  Philip.     Encouraging  death-bed  expressions  of, 

252. 
Prisons.     Observations  on  the  character  of  American, 

particularly  those  in  the  south,  242. 
Pottery.     On  the  danger  to  health  from  lead-glazed, 

246. 
Prophecy.     On   the   fulfilment  of,  in  our  own  times, 

Poetry. — Original. — Afterwards,  13;  Lines  by  Susan 
Lloyd,  20;  One  year  ago,  44;  Monosyllabic,  52; 
By  the  sea,  69  ;  Broken  clouds,  76 ;  The  cricket's 
song,  100 ;  Thanksgiving,  124 ;  Lines  on  Mildred 
Hatcliti;  132;  The  New  Year,  104;  "The  Lord  is  a 
refuge,"  172 ;  The  sea  of  Galilee,  ISO ;  Seek  ye  first 
the  kingdom  of  God,  180;  Sundry  worthies,  236; 
Sunrise  and  sunset,  236;  Be  thou  content,  244; 
Alone,  252 ;  Acrostic,  276 ;  The  chosen  way,  276 ;  I 
Watchmen,  2S4;  To  a  cardinal  grosbeak,  292";  Ques- 
tionings, 300;  Hymn  of  praise,  308;  Devotional, 
310;  Doubt,  324;  Serious  reflections,  H32 ;  An  ori- 
son,  340. 

Poetry. — Selected. — To  an  aged  (  hristian.  20  ;  Autumn, 
60  ;  An  answered  prayer,  S4  ;  Be  in  time,  10S  ;  A  bird's 
ministry,  110;  The  Babe  immortal,  164;  Benedicite, 
212  ;  The  city,  4;  "  Come  see  a  man  which  told  me 
all  things  which  ever  I  did,"  36  ;  The  chrysalis,  108  ; 
Choice,  172;  A  Christian  martyr  borne  from  the 
amphitheatre,  260;  The  coast-guard,  348;  Expres- 
sive silence,  36;  An  evening  song,  300;  Extracts 
from  "On  the  mountain,"  356;  Finish  thy  work — 
then  rest,  52;  The  Friend's  burial,  214";  Flower 
teachings,  284;  Fruit  and  flowers,  396;  Grandma's 
angel,  316;  God  knows  best,  412;  Here  anil  there, 
13;  Harvest  home,  Oil;  The  hope  beyond,  140; 
Hymn  of  thanksgiving.  221;  "lie  knowcth  best," 
244;  A  hero  of  Lexington,  348;  "In  tnemoriam," 
244;  "I  love  you  so,"  284;  Lines  written  on  the 
absence  of  a  beloved  Friend  from  a  mid-week  meet- 
ing, 28;  Luther's  hvnm,  140:  Lines,  its.  K,i;.  212. 
292.388.390;  Lines  on  Caroline  Fox,  412  J  Loveli- 
ness, 212  ;  The  little  bares,  221  ;  A  lull  in  life,  372 
Light  and  darkness,  380;  Martha  or  Mary?  156 j 
Moth-eaten,  365  ;  Nothing  is  lost,  I  ;  ( >ur  dail'v  bread, 
132;  Old  age,  388;  Praver,  121;  A  parable,  340j 
A  reminiscence.  808;  flu-  seaside.  92;  liv  the  sea, 
92;  Sonnet  by  Coleridge,  L16;  The  silent' message, 
156;  The  sleeping  babe,  101;  Submission.  188] 
Shares.   204;  Seeing  the  blood,  228;   Sealed  orders, 

332;    Set    your  affections  on    things  above,    lot; 
Trial  davs,  124;   Trust,    1  Is  ,  The  tides,  324;  The 


What  w 

84;  Tb 

'    W  islli 

reed'.'   28 j   Th 

w 

10   s 

of  Zar, 
.all   ro 

phalli, 
1  awav 

wood  tl 
191. 

rush"!! 

l"";  When   hoi 

18;  Whose  ser 

ice 

is  p 

irfectfi 

' :  The 

Quakers."     Nan 

130. 
Quicksands.     N, 

llivc    entitled, 
(ice  of  the  loss 

of  : 

lie  conscri] 
locomotive 

1.  117. 
in.  46. 

Ex 
Quinia. 

residue, 
Quotation 

ensivc,  in  western  ri\ 

\  substance  resemblii 
L66. 

believed  not   to  !„■  31 

crs, 

g.  ' 

ript 

29  1 
tral, 

■d  from 
15. 

gas  tar 

Bags.     Method  of  disinfecting,  342. 
Ramble  aiming  wild  flowers.     A,  310.  389. 
Railways.    The  mileage  of  the,  in  different  countries,  6. 
Happv  results  of  observing  the  First-day  of  the 

week  by  the  Louisville  N  A.  &  C,  21. 
Account  of  the  construction  of  car  wheels  for,  2:2. 
Action  of  a,  in  enforcing  morality  in  a  western 

town,  86. 
Religious  exercise  of  a  conductor  on  a,  blessed, 

243. 
Injury  done  by  iron  shavings  from,  to  the  eves, 

326.  342. 
Notice  of  an  association  to  mitigate  the  suffer- 
ings of  live  stock  on,  327. 
Chemical  works  established   for  preserving  the 

wood  used  by,  334. 
Remarks  on  liquor  saloons  and  plaving  cards  on, 
414. 
Rebuke  to  obscenity.     A,  86. 

Retirement  of  mind  favorable  to  the  refreshing  influ- 
ences of  the  Holy  Spirit,  3. 
Rain.     Interesting  observations  on  the  formation  of, 

286. 
Rainfall  in  the  United  States.     Remarks  on  the,  aris- 
ing from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  159. 
Raisins.     On  the  drving  of  Malaga,  166. 
Ratcliff  Mildred.     Brief  account  of,  132. 
Reading  matter.     Advice  to  the  young  on  the  choice 
of,  179. 
Remarks  of  a  young  woman  on  her  death-bed, 

in  reference  to,  187. 
On  duty  of  parents   to   protect  their  children 

from  hurtful,  191.299.314. 
Demoralizing,   a  gigantic  evil  at   the   present 

time,  227. 
Illustration  of  the  effects  of,  399. 
Notice  of  crimes  by  bovs,  consequent  upon  bad, 

239. 
On  the  responsibility  of  those  who  are  corrupt- 
ing the  youth  by  disseminating  vicious,  325. 
Remarks  on  not  abusing  the  memory  by  impro- 
per, 340. 
Red  Fish  Lake.     Notice  of  the  disappearance  of,  39. 
Regeneration  through  suffering,  234. 

Remarks  of  Daniel  Wheeler  on  the  power  of,  332. 
Regretting.     On,  307. 
Religious  items,  &c,  21.  29.  37.  46.  61.  69. 
Religious  persecution  in  Hungarv.     Account  of  recent, 

62. 
Religious  views  and  tenets.     Essavs   entitled,   11.   67. 
115.  133.  146.  162.  179.  219.  24:;.  260.  292.  306.  333. 
357.  388.  304. 
Religious  retirement.     Remarks  on  choosing  the  early 

morning,  as  a  time  for,  68. 
Religious  concern  for  the  welfare  of  others.     Incidents 

and  reflections  upon,  173. 
Relics.     Notice  of  sale  of,  by  auction,  in  Italy,  69. 
Religion  of  the  cross  superior  to  all  other  attainments, 

108. 
Religion.     The  disposition  to  talk  upon,  by  worldly 
wisdom,  a  snare,  163. 
On  the  danger  of  losing  a  good  condition  in,  185. 
On  the  danger  of  conversing  upon  self  in  con- 
nection with,  221. 
True,  not  a  popular  profession,  245. 
On  erroneous  statements   respecting  instantan- 
eous conversion  in,  266. 
The  deceiver  of  men  at  work  in  a  profession  of, 

277. 
and  science.     Reverential  utterances  of  a  scien- 
tist on  the  connection  between,  287. 
Remarks  on  practical,  295.  333. 
Remarks  on  divisions  and  separations  among 

professors  of,  298. 
Dependence  upon  human  wisdom  a  great  hin- 
drance to  the  promotion  of,  306. 
On  the  superficial,  of  the  present  day,  333. 
On  carrying,  into  every  day  life,  364.  382. 
On  co-operating  with  Divine  grace  in  the  work 

On  the  relations  of  science  and,  407. 
Religious  world.     Two  antagonistic  spirits  at  work  in 

the,  219.  277. 
Report  of  the  Phila.  Association  of  Friends  for  the  In- 
struction of  Poor  Children,  268. 
Retirement  of  soul.     On  the  daily  need  of,  269. 
Richardson  James  N.     Paper  of,  on  the  condition  of 

the  Society  of  Friends  in  1847,  and  comments,  47. 
Richardson  John.     Incident  in  the  ministry  of,  123. 

Early  experience  of,  in  the  work  of  religion,  234. 
Priscilla.     Brief  notice  of  the  religious  character 
and  happy  death  of,  212. 
Eichmond  Wilberforce.     Dying  remarks  of,  on  the  in- 
consistency of  levity  and  piety,  301. 


INDEX. 

River  without  a  bridge.     Remarks  on  death,  entitled. 

The,  53. 
Robson  Elizabeth.     Incident  connected  with  the  min- 
istry of,  331. 
Rock  salt.     Large  deposit  of,  discovered  in  California, 

270. 
Roman  antiquities  found  at  Mayence.     Notice  of,  286. 
Roman  Catholicism.     Predictions  in  the  Hook  of  Reve- 
lations applicable  to,  356.  362.  370. 
Remarks  on  the  above,  359. 
The  understanding  of  a  priest  opened  to  see  the 
errors  of,  407. 
Roman  Catholics.     Notice  of  a  proposed  floating  cathe- 
dral in  South  America,  77. 
Notice  of  a  pilgrimage  of,  in  Canada,  21. 
Notice  of  the  turning  of  a  priest  from  errors  of 

the,  37. 
On  the  encouragement  given   by,  to  the  slave 

trade  in  Africa,  239. 
The  doctrine  of  papal  supremacy  rejected  by  a 

Professor  among,  119. 
Remarks  on  the  old  Catholic  movement  in  Aus- 
tria, 175. 
Notice  of  the  doctrine  of,  respecting  the  inter- 
cession of  saints,  199. 
Notice  of  the  withdrawal  of  a  high  ecclesiastic, 

among,  from  the,  247. 
Notice  of  the  action  of  the  Italian  government 
in  confiscating  the  propertv  of  the  Propaganda, 
262. 
Comments  on   kissing  the  toe  of  an  image  of 

Peter  by,  294. 
Statistics  of,  in  the  United  States,  302. 
Remarks  on  the  ascent  of  the  "  Seala  Santa"  bv, 

332. 
Remarks  on  the  introduction  of  miracle  plavs, 

&c,  by,  341. 
A    bill    for   sectarian   services   by,  in  the  New- 
York  House  of  Refuge,  cic,  defeated,  350. 
On  the  idolatrous  worship  of  Mary  by,  356. 
Rome.     Account  of  the  introduction  of  the  Bible  into, 

2.  12.  18. 
Roman  notes  on  the  fulfilment  of  prophecy,  356.  362. 
370. 
Remarks  on  the  above,  359. 
Ruling   fine    lines   on    glass   with   a  diamond.     On, 

198. 
Russia.     Notes  of  a  recent  visit  to,  bv  George  Pitt,  4. 
10.  19. 
Notice  of  recent  religious  movements  in,  239. 
Religions  persecution  in,  254. 
Notice  of  steps  proposed  to  restrict  intemper- 


Sable  island.     Notice  of  the  gradual  submergence  of, 

382. 
Saints  uncanonized.     On,  325. 
Salvation.     On  repentance  in  connection  with,  143. 

Remarks  on  the  necessity  of  co-operating  with 

Divine  grace  in  working  out  our,  195.  219. 
Remarks  on  the  unsoundness  of  the  expression 

"only  believe"  in,  230. 
accomplished  through  suffering,  234. 
On  the  way  and  work  of,  357. 
Salvation  army.     Disorderly  practices   of  the,    disal- 
lowed in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  166. 
Inquiry   respecting   some  of  the   principles   of 

Friends  incidentally  awakened  by  the,  254. 
Notice  of  the  operations  of  the,  278. 
"Salute  no  man  by  the  way."     Extract  entitled,  243. 
Samaria  to  the  Jordan.     Observations   on   the   route 

from,  188. 

Scattergood  William.     Letters  and  memoranda  of,  and 

comments,  [continued  from  Vol.  LVL,  p.  410],  1.  9. 

17.  25.  33.  41.  49.  57.  65.  73.  81.  89.  97.  105. 113. 121. 

129. 

Schepler  Louise.     Account  of  the  life  and  benevolent 

labors  of,  117. 
Science.     Notice  of  the  recent  utterances  of  men  of,  in 
acknowledgment  of  supernatural  power,  211. 
Remarks  on  scepticism  in  connection  with  works 

on,  215. 
Anticipations  of  Joseph  Cook  on  the  future  rev- 
erential attitude  of,  for  religion,  254. 
Utterances  of  a  scientist  on  the  necessary  con- 
nection between,  and  religion,  287. 
Scientific  Notes,  &c,  6.  13.  21.  29.  37.  46.  54.  62.  69. 
77.  86.  93.  101.  109.  117.  125.  133.  141.  149.  158. 166. 
175.  182.  198.  205.  214.  222.  230.  23S.  240.  253.  269. 
286.  293.  302.  309.  318.  320.  334.  342.  350.  358.  300. 
374.  382.  390.  398.  406.  413. 
School.     Notice  of  an  ancient,  in  New  York,  191. 

Notice  of  a  boarding,  for  Friends'  children  in 
Denmark,  247. 


Schools.     Notice  of  medical  inspectors  for,  in  France, 
270. 
First-day.     Comments  on  proceedings  of  certain 

teachers  of,  294. 
Notice  of  the  efforts  of  Friends  in  establishing, 
in  the  last  century,  387.  394.  402. 
Scotten  Robert.     Brief  notice  of  the  religious  character 

of,  97. 
Scott  Dorothea.     Notice  of  a  work  by,  &c,  251.  259. 

267. 
Scott  Job.    Remarks  of,  on  the  exercise  of  the  ministry, 
51.  59. 
Remarks  of,  on  Divine  consolation  experienced 

by,  and  concern  for  others,  173. 
Early  experience  of,  in  the  work  of  religion,  234. 
Screws.     Tight,  easily  loosened  by  heat,  120. 
Sea.     Observations  on  the  forests  of  the,  70. 

Observatory  for  use  at  the  bottom  of  the,  94. 
On  the  use  of  oil  in  calming  the  waves  of  the, 

109.  270. 
Account  of  methods  in  use  bv  the  Fish  Commis- 
sion in  studying  the,  194.  202. 
Sea-coast.     Notice  ■if  signals  in  use  on  the,  238. 
Secret  societies.     On  the  evils  of,  29.  87. 

disallowed  of  by  Scandinavian  Baptists,  37. 
Consistent  Friends  cannot  be  members  of,  71. 
Remarks  on  the  acceptance,  by  an    Episcopal 
council,  of  an  invitation  from  "  Free  Masons," 
94. 
Remarks  of  a  Methodist  in  relation  to,  110. 
Advice  of  Catholic  bishops  against,  151. 
Financial  statistics  of  Odd-Fellows,  159. 
Notice  of  a   public  meeting   in   Philadelphia 

against,  183. 
Reasons  for  disapproving  of,  183. 
Observations  on  the  spread  of,  among  the  negro 

race  in  the  United  States,  183. 
A  Divine  requiring  to  give  up  a  connection  with, 

obeyed,  243. 
in  colleges  condemned,  270. 
On  the  injury  done  to  the   cause  of  Truth  by 
members  among  Friends  joining,  371. 
Seductive  religious  influences.     On,  371. 
Self-control.     Incident  of,  and  comments,  195. 
Separation  from  the  world  is  a  law  of  spiritual  life,  356. 
Self.     Remarks  on  the  dangers  from,  43. 
Shechem  in  Palestine.     Observations  on,  194. 
Sheep  in  Palestine.     Remarks  on,  illustrative  of  Scrip- 
ture, 100. 
Shipton  Anna.     Anecdote  related  by,  174. 
Similes  illustrating  religious  truths,  59. 
Silence  often  the  best  answer  to  abuse,  187. 
"  Silent  times."     Extract  on   religious  retirement,  en- 
titled, 269. 
Silk.     The  length  of  a  fibre  of,  350. 
Simpson   James.     Anecdote  of,   and  remarks  on  the 

character  of,  123. 
Shunem  and  the  Shunamite  woman.    Observations  on, 

218. 
Skepticism.     On  the  motives  generally  leading  to  a 
profession  of,  373. 
Remarks  on  the  above,  375. 
Slander.     Remarks  on  an  effectual  met  boil  of,  340. 
Sleep  believed  to  be  promoted  bv  covering  the  head  at 
night,  294. 
A  long,  of  a  snail,  294. 
Sleigh-bells.     On  the  method  of  casting,  414. 
Smells.     Queer  tastes  in  regard  to,  205. 
Slave  trade.     On  the  encouragement  now  given  to  the, 

by  Catholic  missionaries  in  East  Africa,  239. 
Slavery  in  Brazil.     On  the  present  state  of,  84. 

Account  of  the  religious  character  of  Africans 

rescued  from,  156. 
in  Africa.     Observations  on  the,  166. 
Remarks  of  John  G.  Whittier  on  the  extinction 

of,  in  the  United  States,  167. 
A  memento  of,  in  the  United  States,  302. 
Remarks  of  Mieajnb  Collins  on,  in  1811,  385. 
Smith  Daniel  B.     Brief  account  of  the  life  and  charac- 
ter of,  114.  132. 
Society  for  Mutual  Autopsy  in  Paris.     Notice  of  the, 

326. 
Snake  handling.     On  the  dangers  of,  78. 
Snake  worship  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  106. 
Snoring.     On  the  cause  of,  302. 

Sorghum.     On  the  varying  amount  of  cane  sugar  in,  46. 
"Sowing  wild  oats."     Advice  to  young  men  entitled, 

395,  405. 
Spain.     Notice  of  the  recent  public  burning  of  portions 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in,  278. 
Account  of  a  recent  visit  to,  by  Geo.  Pitt,  172. 

189.  196. 
Account  of,  by  Henry  Day,  203. 
Speak.     When  to,  and  when  to  be  silent,  220. 


Spear  stuck  in  the  ground  at  Saul's  bolster.     Remark 

on  Oriental  customs,  entitled.     The,  262. 
Style  of  living.     Remarks  on  the  proper  method  of  in 

dividually  deciding  upon  the,  373. 
Spiritualistic  phenomena  explained,  334. 
Starch.     Notice  of  the  production  of,  in  Maine,  from 

potatoes,  198. 
Spreading  garments  in  the  way.     Notice  of  Oriental 

customs,  entitled,  228. 
Stars  and  planets.     Observations  on  the  present  ] 

tion  of,  &c,  66. 

Stock  speculations.     Eemarks  on  the  evil  consequences 

of,  in  the  community,  167. 

Illustration  of  the  dangers  of,  374. 

Storm   of  2nd   month  19th,   1S84.     Eemarks  on  the 

great,  310. 
Storv  Thomas.     Remarks  of,  on  religious  controversv 
137. 
Account  by,  of  the  presence  of  the  Lord  with 
his  people  in  Philadelphia  during  a  sickness 
in  1699,  212. 
Remarks  by,  on  the  refreshment  of  true  minis- 
try, 228. 
Remarks  of,  on  departing  from  England  on  a 
religious  visit  to  America,  253. 
Subjection  and  obedience.     Essay  entitled,  44. 
Success.     Remarks  on  the  dangers  of,  to  certain  indi- 
viduals, 374. 
Sulphur.     Methods  of  obtaining  crude,  3S2. 
Sulphuric  acid  cheaplv  made  from  pvrites,  149. 
Summary  of  Events,  7.  15.  23.  31.  39.'  47.  55.  63.  71.  80. 
88.  96.  104.  111.  120.  128. 135. 144. 152.  160.  167. 176. 
183.  191.  200.  208.  216.  22:;.  231.  239.  247.  255.  263, 
271.  279.  287.  295.  303.  311.  319.  327.  336.  343.  351. 
360.  368.  376.  384.  392.  40(1.  4i)7.  416. 
Sun.     Remarks  on  the  influence  of  the  spots  of  the,  on 
the  earth,  30. 
Notice  of  the  size  of  spots  on  the,  93. 
Bright  colors  seen  at  the  rising  and  setting  of 

the,  attributed  to  meteoric  dust,  142.  206. 
Notice  of  a  green  appearance  of  the,  175. 
Swearing.     Remarkable  circumstances  following,  201. 
Swiss  avalanche.     Account  of  the  death  of  two  boys  bv 

a,  291. 
Sympathy.     On  the  duty  of  extending,  403. 

Taj-Mahal.     Description  of  the,  220. 
Tea.     ( Ibscrvations  on  the  refreshing  effects  of,  in  Mon- 
golia, 42. 
Statistics  of  the  exportation  of,  from  China,  198. 
Telegraph.     Notice  of  cypher  systems  of  sending  mes- 
sages by,  325. 
How  messages  are  received  by  the  ocean,  134. 
Tempting  Providence.     Remarks  on,  313. 
Temper.     On  the  control  of  the,  86. 
Temperance  Association  of   Friends  of  Philadelphia. 

Address  of,  245. 
Testing  of  character.     On  the,  236. 
Theatre.     The  effect  of  the,  is  to  lower  moral  puritv, 
175. 
The,  an  essay  upon  the  non-accord ancv  of  stage 
plays  with  the  Christian  profession,  266.  275. 
282.  290.  298.  306.  314.  321.  330.341.347.355. 
Remarks  on  printing  the  above  essay  in  book 

form,  332. 
Commentsof  a  Methodist  newspaper  on  the,  310. 
Remarks  on  the  attendance  of  the,   by   young 
cricketers,  339. 
They  also  serve  who  only  stand  and  wait.     Extract 

entitled,  86. 
Thoroughness.     Anecdote  and  remarks  on,  5. 
Tobacco.     The  use  of,  discouraged  by  a  convention  of 
Baptists,  94. 
Sad  end  of  a  grower  of,  125. 
Consistent  action  of  a  person  convinced  of  the 

wrong  of  using,  175. 
Instance  of  the  poisonous  effects  of  cigarettes,  198. 
The  use  of,  discarded  by  Brahmos,  310. 
Testimony  of    1  >r.    Bowditch    on    the    injurious 

Observations  on  the  elicits  of,  upon  boys,  318. 
Regulation   lately   adopted    by    Methodists   in 

reference  to  the  use  of,  383. 
Experience  of  a  friend  on  giving  up  the  use  of, 
394. 
"To  every  man  his  work."     Extract  entitled,  44. 
Tornado.     Effects  of  a,  166. 
Trinity  Episcopal  church,  X.  Y.     Notice  of  the  wealth 

'     of,  27(1. 
Trichinosis.      Notice  of  cases  of,  from  eating  raw  pork, 

310. 
Trad    Association  of    Friends.      Appeal    on    behalf  of 
Auxiliaries  In  the,  17  1. 

Notice  "f  the  late  annual  meetine  of  the,  277. 


INDEX. 

Tracts.  Remarks  on  watching  for  openings  to  distri- 
bute, under  Divine  leadings,  300. 

Trees.     Notice  of  large,  in  Tasmania,  30. 

Trimble  Rebecca,  of  Nottingham,  Md.  Brief  notice 
of,  156. 

Trouble.  The  way  out  of,  often  seen  when  the  way 
into  it  is  discovered,  396. 

Troubles  of  life  often  arise  from  within,  43. 

Trust  in  the  Lord.  Incidents  showing  the  blessedness 
of,  107. 

Truth.     On  misrepresenting,  299. 

Truth  Sojourner.     Brief  notice  of,  157. 

Tunnels.  Observations  on  the  high  temperatures  in, 
109. 

Tunnels  in  our  lives.     Extract  entitled,  180. 

Turkish  despotism.     Instance  of,  412. 

Turning  to  God.    Incidents  and  reflections  entitled,  34. 

Travel.     Remarks  on  one  of  the  dangers  of  foreign,  158. 

Tulare  lake.     Notice  of  the  drying  up  of,  270. 

Unfaithfulness  to  Divine  convictions.  Sorrowful  in- 
stance of,  185. 

t'niversalism.      Remarks  on  the  doctrine  of,  329. 

United  States.  Statistics  of  illiteracy  in,  from  the 
census  of,  1880,  60. 

Upton  Sarah  B.  Sketch  of  the  life  of,  153.  161.  169. 
177.  187. 

Vaccination.     Statistics  of  the  benefits  of,  in  England 

and  Wales,  182. 
Venus.     On  the  observations  of  the  transit  of,  in  New 

Zealand  in  1882,  365. 
Visit  of  William  Kennard  to  New  York  and  New  Eng- 
land in  1841,  322.  331. 
Visitations.     (  hi  diflercnt  eilccts  of  Divine,  201. 
Volcanic  eruption  in  Java  in  1883.     Notice  of  the,  67. 
261. 
chasms.     Observations  on,  110. 
springs  in  the  Azores.     Notice  of,  162. 
Volcano  of  Ometepe.    Notice  of  a  recent  eruption  of,  38. 
of   Krakatoa.     Large   amount  of  pumice  stone 

from,  175. 
of  Popocatepetl.     Proposed  purchase  of,  214. 
on  Duke  of  YTork  island.     Notice  of  a  recent 
eruption  of,  371. 

Waltham  Abbey  School.     Notice  of  the  efforts  and  con- 
cern of  Friends  in  the  early  history  of,  379. 
Walilensian  place  of  worship  opened  in  Rome,  159. 
"  Wanderings  in  New  Britain."     Extracts  from,  346. 

354.  362.  371.  378.  386. 
War.     The  Duke  of  Wellington's  willingness  to  sacri- 
fice his  life  to  avoid,  85.  151. 

A  general  European  disarmament  discussed  bv 
the  Italian  press,  102. 

Treaties  providing  for  arbitration  adopted  by 
several  countries,  119. 

Narrative  of  the  release  of  Friends  drafted  dur- 
ing the  late,  122.  130. 

Difficulties  in  the  way  of  disarmament  in  Eng- 
land, 134. 

Observations  on  a  recent  international  arbitra- 
tion convention,  143. 

Arbitration  proposed  in  the  dispute  between 
France  and  China,  183. 

Remarks  on  the  absence  of  condemnation  of,  by 
the  Established  Church  in  England,  211.  218. 

A  neutral  belt  in  Europe  proposed  as  a  preven- 
tive of,  303. 

Declarations  of  General  Harney  and  others,  that 
justice  has  been  on  the  side  of  the  Indians  in 
Indian,  317. 

The  cause  of,  due  to  the  apathy  of  civilized  and 
professedly  religious  people,  343. 

in  Egypt.  Resolutions  of  the  Peace  Society  of 
England  against  the,  367. 

Notice  of  the  progress  of  arbitration  among  na- 
tions in  place  of,  374. 

Remarks  on  the  brutality  of,  as  lately  exhibited 
by  English  troops,  374. 

with    the    Indians    unnecessary,    if    they    were 


Waring  Tho 
showing  I) 

Watch.    (>n 


Eng.     Anecdote  of, 


an  duty,  229.  2S3. 


Watchfulness.     ( )n   the  great    importance  of  constant. 

Over  our  words  and  actions,  175. 
Water.     On  the  terrific  force  of,  under  great  pressure, 


Water.     The  formation  of  drops  of,  in  the  atmosphere 
believed  to  be  due  to  dust,  286. 
A  supply  of  pure,  obtained  from  an  artesian  well 

at  Ocean  Grove,  N.  J.,  326. 
A  supply  of  fresh,  obtained  from  springs  in  the 

Persian  Gulf,  350. 
Experiments  showing  the  motion  of,   probably 
tends  to  purify  it,  390. 
Wax.     Notice  of  stone,  or  Camauba,  133. 

Notice  of  ozokerite  or  earth,  134. 
Webster  family.     Brief  notice  of  members  of  the, 

166. 
Weed  Thurlow.     Eager  desire  of,  for  learning,  when  a 

boy,  45. 
Weeds.     Reflections  on  eradicating,  29.  52. 

Practical  suggestions  upon  destroying,  52.  367. 
Wealth.     Remarkable  example  of  the  proper  disposi- 
tion of,  185. 
Welcome.     Remarks  on  the  sailing  of  the  ship,  252. 
Weibertreu  castle.     Origin  of  the  name  of,  61. 
Well.     A  double  artesian  in  Selma,  Ala.,  125. 
Westtown  Boarding  School.     Letter  of  a  parent  to  a 
child  at,  41. 
Notice  of  a  recent  gift  of  minerals,  &c,  to,  247. 
Comments  on  the  exercise  of  a  religious  concern 

at,  247. 
Notice  of  proposed  new  buildings  for,  286. 
Notice  of  recent  donations  to,  286. 
Remarks  on  the  motives  which  led  to  the  estab- 
lishment of,  and  on  the  erection  of  new  build- 
ings for,  324. 
Testimony  of  Y.  S.  Walter  in  reference  to,  364. 
On  the  origin  of,  379.  387.  394.  402.  415. 
Notice  of  amount  of  money  subscribed  towards 
new  buildings  at,  383. 
What  if  duties   seem  to  conflict.      Extract   entitled, 
237. 
Comments  on  the  above,  239. 
"  What  is  man  ?"     Comments  on  the  wickedness  of  the 

times  entitled,  172. 
Wheeler  Daniel.     Remarks  of,  on  visiting  a  convict, 

404. 
White-lead.     On  an  important  method  of  manufactur- 
ing, 326. 
What  was  his  creed?  28. 
Whitfield.     Anecdote  of,  100. 

Whittier  John  G.    Remark  of,  on  the  truth  of  the  doc- 
trine of  the  universal  and  saving  Light,  110. 
Notice  of  a  biographical  sketch  of,  413. 
Why  do  the  people  imagine  a  vain  thing  ?     Extract 

entitled,  85. 
Who?     Remarks  on  corrupting  the  youth  by  vicious 

literature,  entitled,  325. 
Wilbur  John.     Letter  of,  94. 
Wisdom.     Remarks  on  practical,  309. 
Wilson  Thomas.     On  the  baptizing  power  of  the  min- 
istry of,  193. 
Wind.     On  storing  the  power  of  the,  for  moving  ma- 
chinery, 216. 
The    effect   of    strong,    in    blighting    vegetable 
growth,  398. 
Winter  and  summer  houses  in  Palestine,  229. 
Woman.     Notice  of  the  want  of  proper  respect  for,  in 

Germany,  198. 
Wood.     Notice  of  cokobola,  a  poisonous,  125. 
Woolnian    John.     Remarks  on  the   former  residence 

and  character  of,  74. 
Words.     On  the  importance  of  maintaining  a  careful 

watch  over  our,  140. 
Worldliness.     Essay  entitled,  35. 
Worldly  conformity.     On.  5s. 

Work.     Remarks  on  the  battle  for  remunerative,  211. 

Worship.     Remarks   on   the   pride   and  vanity  often 

shown  in  building  places  for,  69. 

Statistics  of  the  number  of  places  of,  in  England 

and  Wales,  86. 
Observations  on  ostentatious  display  in  a  place 

for,  119. 
On  the  testimony  and  practice  of  Friends  in  re- 
gard to,  L26. 
Observation   in  regard  to  disturbing  the  solem- 
nity of  meetings  for,  189. 
Testimony  of  Dennis  Getchell  to  the  nature  of 

true,  227. 

Remarks  on  idolatry,  and  the  nature  of  true,  231 . 
Extract  from   S.  S.  Times  recommending  silent, 

2(  ill. 
On  taking  little  children  to  meetings  for,  278. 
Remarks  by  Frances   R.  llavcrgal  on  the  dissi- 
pating efiecf  of  decorations  in   buildings  used 
lor.  317. 

Wright  Mary.     Anecdote  relating  to  the  convincement 

Uriel'  notice  of,    116. 


"  Ye  are  not  your  own,  ye  are  bought  with  a  price." 

Essay  entitled,  36. 
Yearly  Meeting,  Canada.     Remarks   on   a   visit  of  a 
deputation  from  London  Yearlv  Meeting  to, 
362.  375.  381. 
Indiana,  1883.     Notice  of  an  evening  meeting 
for  worship    held   during,  and   comments, 
143. 
Account  of  the  causes  which  led  to  a  separa- 
tion in  a  Monthly  Meeting  of,  317. 
Iowa  (smaller  bodv,)  1883.     Notice  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of,  167."l83. 
Kansas  (smaller  body,)   1883.     Notice  of  pro- 
ceedings of,  111.  159. 
Discipline  of,  in    relation   to   marriage,  and 

comments,  159. 
(larger  body,)  1883.     Notice  of  the  proceed- 
ings of,  and  comments,  176. 
London.     Remarks  on  the  state  of  Society  in, 
15.  362. 


INDEX. 

Yearly  Meeting,  London.    Remarks  on  the  correspond- 
ence of,  134.  342.  375. 
1884.     Notice  of  the  proceedings  of,  375. 
New  England  (larger  body),  1884.     Notice  of, 

and  comments,  399. 
Ohio,  1883.     Account  of  the  proceedings  of,  94. 
Remarks  on  those  who  separated  from,  in  1854, 
255. 
Philadelphia.     Remarks  on   the   position   and 
t  course  of,  14.  284. 

Notice  of  the  Address  to  its  members,  &c, 
issued  by,  in  1883,  22.  29.  30.  94.  103.  111. 
127. 
Report  of  a  committee  of,  to  visit  its  meetings 
and  members,  83. 

1883.  Extract  from  an  Epistle  of,  158. 

1884.  Remarks  on  the  approach  of,  291.  295. 
1884.     Notice  of  the  proceedings  of,  303.  310. 

Western  (smaller  body,)  18S3.     Notice  of  the 
proceedings  of,  103. 


Yearly  Meeting,  New  York.     Examination  of  the  dis- 
cipline of,  adopted  in  1877,  and  comments, 
262. 
Yearly    Meetings.     Remarks   on   correspondence   be- 
tween, 285. 
Comments  on  the  above,  287. 
Yellowstone  Park.     Account  of  a  recent  visit  to  the, 

213. 
Young.     Advice  to  the,  on  the  choice  of  books,  179. 

Who  are  corrupting  the,  by  vicious  literature, 

325. 
Remarks  on  subduing  the  passions  of  the,  366. 
Young  men.     Hints  to.  on  economy,  364. 
Advice  to,  395.  405. 

Zoan.     Excavations  to  be  begun  in,  294. 
Zones.     Phenomena  of  dry,  70. 

Zuvder   Zee.     The   drying   up  of  the,  considered   in 
Holland,  109. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH-DAY,  EIGHTH  MONTH  11,  1883. 


NO.    1. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 

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Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

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AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


tender   affection 
brotherly  regard 


in    gospel    sympathy   and 
and  remain  thy  friend, 

W.  SCATTERGOOD." 


"  6th  mo.  3d,  1840. — Discouragement  seemed 
very  much  to  prevail  over  me  in  going  to 
meeting  to-day,  under  a  sense  of  great  weak- 
ness and  a  want  of  thorough  conformity  to 
the  Divine  will  ;  so  that  I  have  felt  at  times 


discover  and  exterminate  those  insidious  and 
deep-rooted  corruptions,  which  lie  hidden,  as 
it  were,  and  out  of  sight  in  our  hearts  ;  caus- 
ing us  to  feel  that  our  dependence  must  be 
upon  the  one  everlasting  Helper." 


To  M.  M.  S. 


"  7th  mo.  2d,  1840. 
As  I  sat  by  thee,  something 


almost  like  giving  out  going;  but  this  I  dare  seemed  to  spread  over  my  mind  more  than 
not  do,  and  am  enabled  to  say  I  am  thankful  usual  (of  late),  and  a  salutation  arose  in  my 


For  "The    Friend.' 


Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  410,  vol.  LVI.) 

William  Scattergood  was  at  Wosttown 
Boarding  .School,  upon  a  visit  to  his  children, 
when  his  friend,  -Mary  M.  Sheppard,  first 
yielded  to  the  Heavenly  requisition  to  appear 
in  the  ministry.  He  thus  addressed  her  from 
there:— 

"  Westtown,  5th  mo.  5th,  1810. 

I  have  just  been  informed  by  thy  sister-in- 
law,  E.  R.  S„  who  is  here,  what  passed  on 
First  day.  I  need  hardly  tell  thee,  that  it  lias 
caused  my  heart  to  leap  with  joy  in  the  sense 
of  the  deliverance  thus  afforded  thy  oppressed 
spirit.  *  *  *  Oh,  I  rejoice  with  thee;  and 
doubt  not  the  reward  of  faithfulness  will  be 
sure  ;  and  that  thou  wilt  yet  be  enabled  to  see 
over  all  those  conflicts  and  troubles  which 
have  worn  thy  spirit  to  the  dust  in  days  past. 

*  *  *  And  now  hold  last,  and  let  not  the 
fresh  floods  of  temptation,  which  will  doubt- 
less beset  thee,  draw  thee- for  a  moment  to 
doubt  that  which  has  sustained  thee  hitherto, 
and  now  has  clearly  opened  the  door  of  es- 
cape, and  sealed  upon  thy  spirit  the  proofs  of 
Divine,  calling  and  heavenly  reward.*  Much 
could  I  say,  but  it  ma)-  suffice  now,  in  this 
hasty   note,  to  offer   thee    the    salutation  of 

*  One  of  the  commands  to  Israel  formerly  was: 
"Thou  shalt  remetnlier  all  the  way  which  the  Lord  thy 
God  led  thee  these  forty  years,"  &c.  And  so  it  is  the 
experience  of  the  Christian  pilgrim  down  to  this  day 
and  time,  that  the  "  suffering,  affliction  and  patience," 
which,  in  measure,  he  has  had  to  endure  in  the  Lord's 
refining  school,  is  not  easily  forgotten  ;  and  in  due  time 
may  be  made  subservient  to  the  encouragement  and 
help  of  others,  even  as  the  dear  Saviour  said  :  "  Every 
scribe  which  is  instructed  unto  the  kingdom  of  heaven, 
is  like  unto  a  man  that  is  an  householder,  which 
bringelh  forth  out  of  his  treasure  things  new  and  old." 
Thus  Win.  Scattergood,  having  himself  partaken  of  the 
mingled  cup  of  temptation,  and  chastening,  and  bap- 
tism, as  well  as  of  that  of  heavenly  kindness  and  mercy, 
so  remembered  the  way  in  which  he  had  been  led  as  to 
be  able  to  instruct  others  unto  the  kingdom  of  glory  by 
warning  of  the  insinuations  and  snares  that  Satan  casts 
in  the  way  to  beguile  and  mislead,  being  no  less  busy 
now  than  ever,  "seeking  whom  he  may  devour." 
"Whom,"  continues  the  apostle,  "resist  steadfast  in 
the  faith,  knowing  that  the  same  afflictions  are  accom- 
plished in  your  brethren  that  are  in  the  world." 

It  is  surely  no  common  favor  and  blessing  from  On 
High,  to  have  "  instructors"  in  the  way  of  Truth,  and 
much  more  to  have  "fathers"  in  Christ  to  help  on  in 
the  spiritual  warfare — lo  reprove,  to  counsel,  to  exhort, 
to  encouiage,  in  the  great  work  of  redemption — unto 
becoming  "washed,  sanciified,  justified  in  the  name  of 
the  Lord  Jesus,  and  by  the  Spirit  of  our  God." 


n  having  been.  My  mind  was  instructed 
silence,  in  remembering  that  it  is  the  same 
good  hand  that  casts  down  as  well  as  lifts  up  ; 
and  if  we  are  but  patient  when  clouds  encom- 
pass our  tabernacle  and  endeavor  to  keep  in 
a  proper  frame  of  mind,  we  shall  be  better 
prepared  to  enjoy,  as  well  as  calmly  to  per- 
ceive the  fresh  shillings  of  the  Sun  of  right- 
eousness which  will  surely  arise  to  the  patient 
panting  soul.  We  shall  find  it  in  vain  to  at- 
tempt to  stir  up  or  awake  our  Beloved  until 
He  please,  and  that  we  cannot  make  one  hair 
white  or  black.  Even  his  chastisements  are 
not  to  be  looked  upon  as  evidences  of  wrath 
or  displeasure,  butas  tokens  of  his  love  where- 
by He  evinces  his  care  over  us  in  thus  dis- 
quieting us  and  stimulating  us  to  seek  for 
greater  purity  of  heart  '  If  y  be  without 
chastisement,  whereof  all  are  partakers,  then 
arc  ye  bastards  and  not  sons.'  Our  fathers 
after  the  flesh  corrected  us  for  a  few  days  after 
their  own  pleasure,  but  He  for  our  profit  that 
we  might  be  partakers  of  his  holiness." 

"  6th  mo.  21st. — Have  been  reading  this 
afternoon  in  Piety  Promoted  ;  and  my  atten- 
tion has  been  called  to  the  circumstance,  that 
old  men  have  found  the  necessity  to  acknowl- 
edge, that  the  enemy  of  their  souls  was  still 
near  by  ;  and  that  after  a  long  life  of  dedica- 
tion, watchfulness  against  his  attacks  was  still 
needful. 

There  is  something  in  me  that  would  have 
rest,  attainment,  settlement.  This  of  being 
disquieted  from  time  to  time,  made  to  feel  my 
weakness,  and  that  I  am  poor,  very  poor,  and 
of  myself  incapable  of  any  good  thing,  is  what 
nature  does  not  love.  But,  oh  my  soul !  learn 
yet  more  and  more  to  bow  under  the  rod,  that 
so  by  and  by,  peace  may  spring  up  out  of 
mournful  dispensations,  and  the  power  and 
strength  of  sin  be  gradually  weakened  and 
destroyed." 

"6th  mo.  25th. — The  remembrance  of  the 
passage,  'For  I  knowin  whom  I  have  believed, 
and  am  persuaded  that  He  is  able  to  keep  that 
which  I  have  committed  unto  Him  against 
that  day,'  has  tended  a  little  to  strengthen  in 
the  midst  of  much  discouragement.  May  I 
be  preserved  from  giving  out  under  the  fiery 
trial,  and  learn  more  and  more  of  true  patience 
under  the  Lord's  humbling  dispensations.  A 
letter  of  Isaac  Penington,  p.  86  of  a  small  vol. 
of  his  letters,  published  in  1796,  by  J.  Kendall, 
has  tended  also  to  convince  me,  that  these 
times  of  poverty  and  distress,  are  as  needful 
for  us  as  more  pleasant  food  ;  and  requisite  to 


heart,  attended  with  a  revival  of  a  degree 
of  consoling  assurance,  that  however  our  path 
may  be  even  in  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of 
death,  the  Lord's  hand  is  still  near  to  uphold 
and  preserve  us;  yea,  in  all  our  conflicts  of 
flesh  and  spirit,  we  need  fear  no  evil  if  our 
eye  is  fixed  in  humble  confidence  on  Him. 
The  apostle  could  testify  with  respect  to  him- 
self and  his  fellow  believers:  'Truly  our  fel- 
lowship is  with  the  Father  and  the  Son;'  and 
in  another  place :  '  Hereby  we  know  that  we 
dwell  in  Him  and  He  is  us,  because  He  hath 
given  us  of  his  Spirit.'  Its  precious  influences 
are  not  however  at  our  command  ;  but  a  little 
of  his  holy  anointing  freshly  spread  over  the 
mind,  how  it  revives  and  strengthens!  how- 
it  chases  away  the  mists  which  sorrow  and 
temptation  have  thrown  in  our  way! 

I  can  truly  say,  the  little  sense  of  lively 
feeling  afforded  me  this  morning,  has  had  a 
strengthening  effect,  tossed  as  I  have  been  for 
weeks  past,  as  it  were,  on  a  tempestuous 
ocean  of  temptation  and  distress.  I  cannot 
but  believe  that  thou  hast  had  to  participate 
in  feelings  of  the  same  kind,  and  that  the 
enemj'  has  sought  to  persuade  thee  at  times, 
that  thou  wast  altogether  mistaken,  and  that 
there  was  no  hopo  of  escape  from  his  net. 
Alas,  my  dear  friend,  believe  him  not;  but 
keep  thy  eye  steadily  fixed  on  the  Captain  of 
salvation,  who  will  lift  up  a  standard  against 
the  adversary,  and  rebuke  the  devourer  for 
thy  sake.  *  *  *  Let  us,  then,  hold  fast 
the  profession  of  our  faith  without  wavering, 
for  He  is  faithful  who  hath  promised  ;  and 
notwithstanding  tribulation  and  distress  may 
be  our  allotment,  yet  remembering  Him  who 
endured  for  our  sakes  the  contradiction  of 
sinners  against  himself,  let  us  esteem  these 
conflicting  seasons  as  evidences  of  his  favor; 
knowing  that  tribulation  worketh  patience, 
and  patience  experience,  and  experience  hope, 
which  hope  maketh  not  ashamed. 

I  fervently  desire  that  both  of  us  may  be 
willing  patiently  to  abide  under  the  Lord's 
preparing  hand  ;  that  however  mortifying  to 
the  creaturely  will  our  situation  may  be,  we 
may  not  become  weary  of  suffering,  weary  of 
waiting,  or  afraid  of  being  esteemed  fools  in 
the  eyes  of  the  worldly  wise;  for  I  do  as- 
suredly believe,  according  to  my  little  experi- 
ence, that  there  is  no  danger  of  trusting  our 
merciful  High  Priest  and  Shepherd  too  far. 
He  can  do  a  great  deal  better  for  us.  than  we 
can  for  ourselves  ;  and  if  we  are  but  patient 
enough,  He  will  work  out  for  us  an  exceeding 


THE    FRIEND. 


weight  of  glory.  Although  at  times  lie  may 
hide  himself  for  a  little  moment,  yet  with 
everlasting  kindness  will  He  have  mercy  on 
us,  saith  the  Lord  our  Redeemer.  *  *  *  May 
we  be  so  willing  to  endure  that  ehastisement 
whieh  is  the  portion  of  all  the  true  children 
of  our  Heavenly  Father,  that  we  may  be  made 
through  means  of  it,  partakers  of  his  holiness. 
This  is  the  blessed  end  to  whieh  we  are  to 
look,  and  whieh  cannot  be  attained  except  by 
that  path  which  all  the  faithful  have  trodden. 
With  feelings  of  brotherly  sympathy,  and 
with  desires  that  thou  mayest  put  on  strength 
in  the  name  of  the  Lord,  and  not  give  way  to 
unprofitable  discouragement,  I  remain  thy 
friend.  W.  S." 

(To  be  continued.) 


found   that   it  did   but   more  firmly   cement!  of  the  fundamental  law.    Hitherto  the  Church 

had  claimed  all  control  over  education,  and 
permitted  no  free  inquiry,  and  allowed  no 
questioning  of  its  infallibility.  When,  there- 
fore, Victor  Emanuel  proclaimed  throughout 
his  dominions,  complete  religiovs  toleration, 
liberty  to  possess  and  to  study  the  Bible,  and 
freedom  of  the  press,  the  indignation  of  the 
IPope  was  aroused.  And  when  the  king's 
council  advanced  further  and  investigated  the 


"the  Church's  power,  and  his  own  supremacy 
as  its  Head."  This  course,  and  his  later  acts, 
antagonistic  to  the  spirit  of  liberty,  aroused 
the  indignation  of  his  subjects,  and  had  he  not 
bent  to  the  storm,  he  would  have  been  over- 
whelmed. The  national  guards,  at  this  time, 
took  possession  of  the  public  buildings,  and  a 
deputation  advised  the  Pope  to  abdicate. 
In  order  to  insure  his  safety,  he  gave  per- 


The  Introduction  of  the  Bible  into  Rome. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  episodes  in  the 


mission  to  declare,  war  against  Austria,  a 'character  and  condition  of  the  monasteries 
movement  demanded  by  his  subjects,  though  ;and  convents,  and  declared  that  they  wer» 
he  openly  threw  the  blame  wholly  on  his, the  predominant  evil  that  was  sapping  the 
ministers.  These  replied  by  demanding  that! roots  of  the  national  prosperity,  still  greater 
he  should  resign  all  temporal  rule  into  the  was  deemed  the  unpardonable  offence;  and! 
hands  of  the  friends  of  Italy.  His  prime  when  he  emancipated  the  Waldenses  from  all 
minister,  however,  while  on  his  way  to  the  disabilities,  and  gave  them  liberty  to  build  a 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  to  advocate  the  Pope's  temple  in  Turin,  and,  moreover,  granted  lib- 
views,  was  assaulted  ;  rebellion  followed,  and  erty  to  the  Jews  to  regulate  their  own  mode 
thousands  armed  themselves  in  the  cause  of  of  worship,  it  was  declared  that  his  wickedness 
Italian  nationality,  and  demanded  the  Pope's  could  not  be  exceeded!  The  abolition  of  all 
history  of  re-united  Italy,  is  the  story  of  the  adhesion  to  their  cause,  under  threat  if  he  the  monastic  institutions  was  a  master-stroke 
introduction  of  the  Bible  into  Rome,  through  failed  to  acquiesce,  of  breaking  into  his  palace  of  policy  worthy  of  Count  Cavour,  the  prime 
the  exertion  of  Protestant  agents  of  Bible  So- land  putting  to  death  every  inmate  save  him-  minister  of  the  liberal  king.  A  few  only  that 
cieties  and  the  friends  of  true  Christian  pro-  self.  He  gave  in,  and  the  demands  of  the  could  be  utilized  as  schools  were  reserved,  but 
gress,  from  abroad.  We  propose  to  give  a  'people  were  referred  to  the  Chamber  of  Depu-j  their  inmates  were  secularized.  Against  the 
short  account  of  this  noteworthy  event,  and  ties,  while  the  Pope  made  good  his  escape  injmeasure  entitled  "The  Convent  Suspension 
to  preface  it  with  some  remarks  respecting  the  guise  of  an  abbot  to  Gaeta,  in  the  Neapoli-  Bill,"  the  Pope  issued  a  violent  allocution, 
the  manner  in  which  the  Bible  had  been  re-'tan  kingdom,  where  he  was  soon  attended  bylbut  neither  king  nor  minister  regarded  his 
garded  by  the  Romish  Church,  as  expressed1  a  guard  of  honor  sent  him  by  its  detested 'denunciations,  and  it  passed  by  a  majority  of 
in  the  decrees  of  its  councils.  For  much  of  king.  Rome  was  for  a  time  left  without  a  seventy-two  votes.  'Later,  as  other  States  of 
this  we  are  indebted  to  "  The  Bible  in  Rome;  \  ruler,  and  with  uncontrolled  liberty,  which  |  Italy  came  under  the  sway  of  Victor  Emanuel, 
with  a  Record  of  Protestant  Missions  estab-jher  people,  to  their  honor  be  it  said,  did  not  the  same  measures  of  sweeping  reform  abol- 
lished  since  1873,  by  Ellen  Barlee."  London  :  abuse.  A  provisional  government  was  form-  ished  most  of  the  monasteries  that  had  bur- 
Hatchards,  Piccadilly,  1876.     12mo.,  pp.  280.  [ed,  and  the  people  soon  passed  a  decree  estab-  dened  the  land. 

The  Council  of  Trent,  in  1549,  decreed  that  lishing  a  republic,  and  a  triumvirate  was  ap-  The  strength  of  "the  Church"  being  thus 
the  indiscriminate  reading  of  the  H0I3- Scrip- [pointed  to  administer.  Rome  was  at  the  slowly  undermined,  and  the  infection  of  free- 
tures,  in  the  vulgar  tongue,  would  manifestly  height  of  enthusiasm,  and  a  solemn  Te  Deum  jdom  spreading  from  Sardinia  into  other  States 
be  promotive  of  more  evil  than  of  good,  and  |  was  chanted  at  St.  Peter's,  in  gratitude  for  of  Italy,  popular  demands  were  made  for.  the 
permitted    its    reading   to    Catholic    authors  its  liberation.  | same  privileges  enjoyed   by  the  Piedmontese. 

only.  Absolution  was  denied  to  any  who  The  first  act  of  the  new  government  was  j Soon  after,  war  was  declared  by  Sardinia,  aid- 
should  have  the  presumption  to  peruse  or  to  to  abolish  the  Inquisition  in  Rome.  The  doors 'ed  by  France,  against  Austria,  which  resulted 
possess  it  without  a  written  permission  fromjwere  thrown  open  to  the  public.  The  indig-!in  victory  for  Sardinia,  and  Lombardy  was 
the  bishop  or  inquisitor,  until  he  should  first  nation  that  hearsay  report  of  its  horrors  had  [annexed  to  its  territories.  Other  States  evacu- 
have  delivered  up  such  Bible  to  the  ordinary. 'awakened  in  their  breasts,  knew  no  bounds  ated  by  the  Austrians,  placed  themselves  mi- 
This  decree  appears  to  be  still  in  force.  .  i  when  they  realized  them  with  their  own  eyes,  (dertheprotection  of  Sardinia,  and  were  finally 
The  events  that  preceded  the  liberation  of  as  they  crowded  into  its  rooms,  and  greeted  [also  annexed  to  the  kingdom  of  Victor  Kman- 
the  Roman  States  from  the  thraldom  of  the  the  long-suffering  inmates,  and  looked  upon  uel.  The  Pope  having  requested  the  King  of 
Pope,  are  so  closely  bound  up  with  the  relig-  tho  instruments  of  torture  around  them.  Sardinia  to  maintain  the  papal  rights  in  tl 

ious  interests  of  Italy,  that  in  order  to  under- 1      The  Pope  having  appealed  to  the  Catholic  latter  revolted  provinces,  he  respectfully  d 
stand  the  introduction  of  the  Bible,  it  is  ne-  powers  to  restore  him  to  his  throne,  Italy  was  clined  to  accede  to  his  wishes,  a 


cessary  to  refer  to  the  preliminary  events  soon  invaded  by  French  troops,  who  succeed- 
which  paved  the  way  for  the  entrance  of  ed  in  crushing  tho  Roman  forces  and  in  re- 
light, [instating  Pius  IX.  in  the  pontificate.    He  took 

Before  the  accession  of  Pius  IX,  the  Roman  no  pains  to  win  back  the  affections  of  his  peo- 
people  had  shown  symptoms  of  disaffection  pie,  but  sent  thousands  of  political  offenders 
and  longings  for  liberty,  whieh  had  been  to  toil  in  the  galleys.  As  regards  Protestant- 
ruthlessly  suppressed  by  dooming  the  leaders  ism,  the  despotism  was  rigid,  ami  persecution 
to  suffer  confiscation  of  their  goods,  or  to  ex-'of  all  who  spread  Bible  truth,  or  ventured  to 
ile,  or  death.  Every  place  of  authority  was  read  the  Bible  themselves,  was  as  virulent  as 
filled  with  priests,  who  carefully  excluded  all  ever.  Tho  Pope  had  weakened  his  moral 
lay  jurisdiction,  and  a  united  front  to  reform  power,  and  extraordinary  efforts  were  made 
was  thus  presented.  The  demands  made  by  by  means  of  concordats,  to  institute  a  fresh 
the  patriotic  were  for  reasonable  reforms  only,  crusade  against  religious  freedom. 
among  whieh  were  trial  by  jury,  municipal,  Time  passed  and'brought  to  the  Romans 
councils  chosen  by  the  people,  lay  instruction,  the  desired  consummation  of  Italian  unity 
and  amnesty  for  all  political  offences.  Pius  and  independence  of  religious  worship.  In 
IX.,  on  his  accession  to  the  papacy,  at  this  January,  1848,  Count  Cavour  demanded  the  es- 
junctnre,  gave  the  people  reason  to  believe  tablishmentof  a  constitution  for  Sardinia,  and 
that  some  of  their  demands  would  be  regarded,  the  King,  Charles  Albert,  yielded  to  tbepopu- 

Among  the  liberal  ads  of  the  new  pope,  lardesires.  Dying  soon  after,  it  was  reserved 
were  the  suppression  of  the  secret  tribunal,  the  for  his  son,  Victor  Emanuel  II.,  to  give  effect 
proclamation  of  an  amnesty,  and  the  enCOUr-  to  (he  national  wishes  of  Italy.  On  ascend 
agement  of  public  work  of  many  kinds.  But  ing  the  throne,  during  the  absence  of  Pius 
it  soon  "became  evident  thai  he  was  actuated  IX.  at  Gaeta,  or  Caserta,  the  king  swore  al- 
by  worldly  policy  merely,  for  when  a  consti- legiance  to  the  liberal  constitution  granted 
tution  was  demanded,  it  was  for  a  long  time  by  his  father,  and  soon  promoted  free  cduca- 
denied,    and    finally,    when    granted,    it   was  tion  among  the  people,  according  to  the  spirit 


and  kindly 
monstrated  with  the  "  Holy  Father"  upon  his 
Christian  position  forbidding  to  make  war 
upon  his  subjects,  or  to  call  in  the  aid  of  for- 
eign powers  for  their  subjugation,  and  con- 
cluded by  asking  his  "Holiness"  to  bestow  on 
him  his  benediction!  The  Pope  replied  by 
excommunicating  Victor  and  his  supporters, 
and  announcing  his  determination  to  hold  on 
to  his  temporal  power.  The  excommunica- 
tion brought  about  the  annexation  to  Sar- 
dinia that  the  people  of  tin'  revolted  pro- 
vinces desired,  and  they  were  transferred  to 
the  realms  of  Victor  Emanuel. 

At  this  juncture  Garibaldi  landed  in  Sicily. 
freed  the  island  from  the  yoke  of  Francis  II., 
and  accepted  the  Dictatorship,  in  the  name  of 
Victor  Emanuel.  Naples  soon  followed,  ami 
Victor  Emanuel  was  greeted  as  Kingof  Italy. 
But  Home  was  not  vet  his.  and  the  Italian  peo- 
ple demanded  that"  Rome  should  he  the  Capi- 
tal, and  that  the  temporal  and  spiritual  pow- 
ers of  the  I'ope  should  be  divorced.  This 
result  could  not  be  brought  about  while  Louifl 
Napoleon  still  accorded  his  protection  to  the 
Pontiff,  and  the  union  of  Rome  with  the  do- 
minion of  the  King  of  Italy  lingered  for  a 
season. 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  Pope  had  already  lost  half  of  his  terri- 
tories, and  rallying  all  his  strength  and  world- 
ly wisdom  to  break  through  the  meshes  gradu- 
ally enveloping  him,  gathered  a  concourse  of 
five  hundred  cardinals  and  prelates,  who,  with 
thousands  of  priests,  paraded  the  streets  of 
Rome,  bringing  costly  gifts  to  la}*  at  the  Pon- 
tiff's feet.  By  all  this  ceremonial  the  poor 
Pope  was  blinded,  and  the  deep  reverence  paid 
him  but  the  more  unfitted  him  toTnaintain  his 
claims.  After  this  pageant  had  been  disposed 
of,  he  opened  in  great  state,  amid  pomp  and 
splendor,  the  Council  called  (Ecumenical, 
which,  after  discussion,  modification  and  dis- 
approval with  part  of  many,  acknowledged 
his  claims  to  infallibility!  Fatal  delusion! 
As  if  in  reproof  of  his  blasphemy,  hardly  had 
this  dogma  been  established,  and  hardly  had 


of  others,  it  is  often  only  an  excuse,  and  that 
the  real  defect  is,  a  want  of  a  more  thorough 
baptizing  into  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  which 
would  teach  us  to  love  our  neighbors  as  our- 
selves?] Let  those  who  are  "tied  up  at  home," 
remember,  that  the  Master  has  placed  them 
there  for  some  wise  purpose.  If  He  wanted 
them  in  some  other  sphere  of  duty,  He  could 
easily  have  ordered  otherwise.  There  may 
be  those  in  their  own  home-circle  that  need 
to  be  helped  and  encouraged  in  the  way  to 
Heaven.  Truly  says  the  poet :  "  If  }Tou  want 
a  field  of  labor,  you  can  find  it  any  where." 
We  know  not  how  much  a  single  word  of  en- 
couragement may  help  those  who  are  almost 
ready  to  give  up  under  sorrow  and  tempta- 
tion ! 

Oh  that  God  may  help  each  of  his  professed 
children  to  consecrate  themselves  anew  to  his 


the  council  separated,  before  the  war  broke 

out  between  France  and  Germany,  and  Louis  j  service,  and  not  try  to  excuse  themselves  from 

Napoleon  demanded  the  return  of  the  forces  any  duty  that  He  requires  of  them  !     Let  us 


he  had  sent  to  Rome  for  the  Pope's  defence. 
Next  followed  the  capture  of  Napoleon,  and 
the  utter  defeat  of  the  French  army,  and  the 
Pope  was  thus  left  without  hope  of  further 
support. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Support  the 


endeavor  to  encourage  the  faint  and  falter- 
ing; and  to  restore  such  as  have  yielded  to 
temptation,  in  the  spirit  of  meekness,  con- 
sidering ourselves  lest  we  also  be  tempted. 
"Inasmuch  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  the  least 
of  these  my  brethren  ye  have  done  it  unto 
me."  "Whosoever  shall  give  to  drink  unto 
one  of  these  little  ones  a  cup  of  cold  water 
only  in  the  name  of  a  disciple,  verily  I  say 
unto  you,  he  shall  in  no  wise  lose  his  reward." 


Rescue  the  perishing; 


for  the  dying ; 


Snatch  them  in  pity  from  death  and  the  grave; 
Weep  o'er  the  erring  one;  lift  up  the  fallen  ; 
Tell  them  of  Jesus,  the  mighty  to  save." 

Emma  G.  Pratt. 
Greene,  N.  Y. 

For  "The  Friend.' 


"  Comfort  the  Feeble-Minded 
Weak." 

How  blessed  are  these  words,  and  yet  how 
little  regarded!  We  fail  to  realize  the  good 
we  might  do  if  we  would  follow  more  closely 
the  blessed  commands  of  God?  Scarcely  a 
da}'  passes  but  furnishes  some  opportunity  of 
doing  good,  either  by  our  smiles  or  tears, 
words  or  deeds,  or  by  our  faith  and  prayers 

at  the  throne  of  Heavenly  Grace  ;  but  O,  how  Gather  the   Fragments 

careless  and  negligent  weare  in  these  things!  The  d  Friend  who  ful.njshcrj  the  foil 
forgetting  the  mercy  and  goodness  of  God  in£J  memorandum  of  a  sermon  delivered  at 
towards  us,  and  the  words  He  hath  spoken  :  Merion  by  William  Foster,  states  in  an  ac- 
"  With  what  measure  ye  mete  it  shall  be  conlpanying  note,  that  he  knew  W.  F.  in 
measured  to  you  again."     If   we  want  help  En,r]an(j 

ourselves  we  must  be  ready  to  help  others,  .P^e  was  about  20  years  of  age  when  he 
and  not  merely  live  for  self  alone.  "  Let  us  visite(J  families  in  Birmingham,  and  our  family 
do  good  to  all  and  especially  to  those  of  the  wag  inc.iuded.  I  met  him  again  in  1822  in 
household  of  faith."  O,  beloveds,  let  us  look  Clinton  Co.,  New  York.  He^was  then  on  an 
this  matter  over  and  see  what  we  aro  doing  exlensive  visit  through  this  country,  and  was 
forpoorsufferinghumanttyand  for  the  blessed  at  Peni!  then  a  finc  settlement  of  Friends. 
Master  who  hath  done  so  much  for  us.  |  but  the  seed  tbat  Eiia8  Hicks  sowed  scattered 

How  many  ways  there  are  of  doing  good  tnem."  He  adds,  the  same  seed  was  begin- 
at  home  and  abroad  !  Some  may  say  the  way  ni  t0  take  ,.00t  at  Merion,  when  W.  Foster 
is  hedged  up  and  they  have  no  chance  for  was  thorej  wbicb  mil,bt  bave  been  tbe  cause 
doing  good  ;— they  are  tied  up  at  home  with  of  bis  plainness  in  addressing  them, 
this  or  tbat— others  may  say  they  have  noj  At  an  app0;nted  meeting  held  at  Merion, 
talent  in  this  direction.  [It  is  true  that  we'  Fifth-day,  the  25th  of  12th  month.  1823, 
cannot  expect  to  be  useful  laborers  in  the  I  accolmt  of  William  Foster,  a  Friend  from 
Lord's  vineyard,  unless  we  submit  ourselves  j  Eno.]arKl,  the  following  exc  " 
to  his  government  and  come  to  be  bis  obedient  t-on°  was  delivered,  by  him. 
servants.  The  first  requisite  for  many  of  us 
is,  to  know  the  surrender  of  our  own  self-will 
and  to  be  clothed  upon  with  the  Spirit  of  our 
holy  Redeemer;  so  that  all  our  works  may 
be  wrought  in  Him.  But  if  we  arc  living  in 
the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  daily  waiting  upon 
Him  to  be  guided  in  the  way  we  should  go, 
we  will  feel  at  times  the  love  which  proceeds 
from  Him  to  reach  forth  to  others,  making  us 
willing  to  labor  for  their  comfort  and  good — 
both  temporal  and  spiritual.  Our  Saviour 
said.  "  By  this  shall  all  men  know  that  ye  are 
m}-  disciples,  if  ye  have  love  one  for  another." 
And  where  true  love  exists,  will  it  not  be 
manifested  when  occasion  presents?  Is  there 
not  then  room  to  fear  that,  when  want  of  op- 
portunity or  of  talent  is  pleaded  as  a  reason 
for  neglecting  a  proper  concern  for  the  welfare 


"  Rejoice  not  in  this  but  rather  rejoice  that 
your  names  are  written  in  heaven."  This 
was  the  language  addressed  by  the  Redeemer, 
to  those  whom  He  had  commissioned  to 
preach  his  doctrine  to  the  world ;  and  it  was 
on  an  occasion  no  less  memorable  than  their 
return  from  the  accomplishing  of  this  mission, 
after  they  had  enumerated  to  Him  the  won- 
derful things  tbey  had  performed  in  his  name, 
that  tbe  deaf  had  been  made  to  hear,  the 
blind  to  see,  the  lame  to  walk,  even  the 
devils  were  made  subject  unto  tbcm,  and  tbe 
dead  raised  again  ;  but,  said  he,  "  Rejoice  not 
in  this,"  &c,  and  surely,  if  they  were  not  to 
rejoice  but  only  that  their  "  names  were  writ 
ten  in  heaven;"  neither  is  there  anything  for 
which   we  should  rejoice,  except  it   be  the 


same,  that  our  sins  may  be  forgiven  us,  that 
ir  names  are  written  in  Heaven. 
O,  tbat  I  had  the  pen  of  a  ready  writer, 
and  could  follow  my  valued  Friend  through 
his  sermon  ;  but  I  cannot  tell  how  earnestly 
he  pleaded  the  Lord's  cause,  and  showed  that 
conviction  was  not  conversion,  neither  was 
remorse  repentance  ;  and  tbat  we  must  not 
measure  ourselves  by  any  standard  of  morality 
nor  by  the  opinions  of  men  ;  but  measure 
ourselves,  or  be  willing  to  be  measured,  by 
the  standard  of  the  righteousness  of  Christ, 
and  be  weighed  in  tbe  balance  of  the  sanc- 
tuary, be  prepared  against  the  day  of  final 
retribution.  He  trembled  at  the  possibility 
that  there  was  any  present  who,  withstand- 
ing the  spirit  of  truth,  should  at  that  awful 
period  be  left  without  mercy  and  without 
hope  ;  for  it  was  possible  to  be  wilfully  blind 
as  much  as  it  was  possible  for  a  man  to 
shut  his  eyes  at  noon-day  and  call  it  dark. 
Of  these  the  apostle  spoke,  when  be  said, 
"  when  they  knew  God,  they  glorified  Him 
not  as  God,  but  became  vain  in  their  imagina- 
tion and  their  foolish  hearts  became  darkened. 
Therefore  God  gave  them  up  to  an  unbelieving 
heart."  There  were  some  present  who  bad 
tasted  of  the  love  and  mercy  and  goodness  of 
the  Redeemer,  but  for  want  of  attention  and 
watchfulness  were  fallen  away  from  their 
former  place,  and  become  entangled  with  tbe 
world,  when,  by  patience  and  perseverance, 
they  might  have  been  made  conquerors. 
There  was  a  form  of  godliness  without  the 
power,  and  there  was  a  state  without  either 
the  form  or  the  power;  and  a  lamentable  state 
it  was.  It  was  worth  while  to  consider  a 
little  whether  we  belonged  to  the  world,  yea 
or  nay  ;  whether,  in  other  words,  the  world 
loved  us;  for,  if  it  did,  we  had  it  from  un- 
questionable authority,  tbat  the  world  loved 
its  own  :  with  such  as  partook  of  its  friend- 
ships, pleasures,  profits,  vanities,  follies,  the 
world  was  in  alliance;  but  with  the  simple, 
humble,  dependent,  meek  and  teachable  chil- 
dren of  the  truth,  the  world  was  at- war,  and 
persecuted  them,  because  they  were  not  of 
tbe  world,  as  was  not  their  divine  Master. 
But  he  was  afraid,  that  in  the  present  small 
company,  there  were  some  whose  hearts  were 
hard  and  stony,  who  were  more  intent  on 
worldly  aggrandisement,  than  on  securing 
the  favor  and  keeping  the  commandments  of 
the  Lord,  which  was  the  work  which  consti- 
tutes religion,  and  without  which  there  could 
be  no  religion.  They  must  excuse  him  if  be 
said,  there  must  be  a  great,  a  wonderful 
change,  before  they  could  be  of  the  number 
of  the  ransomed  and  redeemed  who  stand  be- 
fore the  throne.  It  was  worthy  of  awful 
meditation,  what  was  the  cause  of  the  guest 
being  taken  from  the  wedding  supper.  It 
appeared  he  was  willing  to  be  there,  and  he 
went.  There  was  nothing  urged  against  him 
of  an  immoral  nature.  This  was  all — "Friend 
how  earnest  thou  in  hither  not  having  on  a 
wedding  garment  ?"  This  was  all  tbat  dis- 
qualified him.  He  had  nothing  to  say,  he 
was  judged  in  himself,  he  was  struck  dumb 
before  the  Lord  of  the  feast :  and  heard  the 
awful  sentence,  "  Take  him,  bind  bim  band 
and  foot,  and  cast  him  into  outer  darkness, 
where  there  is  weeping  and  wailing  and 
gnashing  of  teeth."  Just  so  it  is  with  some 
in  the  present  day.  They  would  be  religious ; 
but  it  is  a  religion  of  their  own  choosing, 
adapted  to  their  own  dispositions  and  pro- 
pensities; and  they  would  be  saved,  but  their 


THE    FRIEND. 


salvation  is  an  anomaly — a  salvation  without 
a  Saviour — a  being  saved  in  their  sins  and 
not  from  their  sins.  But  God  is  unchangea- 
ble, and  incontrovertibly  the  same.  The 
terms  of  salvation  are  the  same,  and  cannot 
be  bent  to  serve  the  views  of  man.  Repent 
ance  toward  God,  and  faith  in  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ;  these  are  the  only  terms  on  which 
we  can  be  admitted  into  the  mansions  of 
blessedness,  not  for  any  righteousness  of  our 
own,  not  by  any  merit  due  unto  us,  but  solely 
by  the  love  of  God.  And  surely  there  is  a 
pleasure  attending  a  course  of  life  in  accord 
ance  with  this  doctrine:  there  is  none  in  a 
life  of  irreligion.  What  are  the  promises  to 
those  who  keep  the  commandments  of  God" 
"  If  any  man  love  me  and  keep  my  command 
ments,  my  Father  will  love  him  also,  and  w< 
will  come  unto  him  and  make  our  abode 
with  him."  O  the  blessedness  of  this  com- 
munion with  God,  this  effect  of  faith  operating 
upon  the  mind  !  This  is  old-fashioned  doc- 
trine, Friends,  it  has  not  the  charm  of  novelty 
to  recommend  it,  but  it  is  true  ;  there  never 
was  and  there  never  will  be  any  other  way 
by  which  we  can  obtain  remission  of  sin  and 
acceptance  with  the  Father.  Bear  with  me, 
friends,  but  I  feel  anxiously  concerned  on 
account  of  some  present,  that  they  may  not 
be  slighting  the  visitation  of  the  Lord,  saying 
these  things  may  do  very  well  for  serious 
people,  but  I  have  nothing  to  do  with  them, 
they  cannot  concern  me.  Ah,  friends,  they 
concern  all  who  have  a  soul  to  be  saved  or  to 
be  lost,  and  the  Almighty  is  not  willing  to 
give  you  up.  Metbinks  the  language  is,  "How 
shall  I  give  thee  up,  O  Ephraim,  how  shall  I 
set  thee  as  Admah  and  make  thee  as  Zeboim." 
There  is  a  work  for  us  all  to  do.  and  a  day  to 
do  it  in  ;  let  us  beware  that  we  suffer  not  this 
day  to  pass,  relying  on  the  morrow  which  is 
uncertain  ;  but  let  us  accept  the  day  of  the 
Lord  and  be  glad  and  rejoice  in  it.  Now, 
friends,  don't  be  putting  it  from  you,  and  say- 
ing in  your  hearts,  "I  know  to  whom  this 
belongs,".  &c. ;  but  apply  it  to  yourselves, 
search  and  see  if  your  own  work  is  in  for- 
wardness, if  you  are  of  the  number  of  those 
who  have  gotten  the  victory,  or  whether  the 
enemy  of  your  souls,  over  whom  you  were 
measurably  given  to  triumph,  has  not,  by 
your  negligence,  again  gained  strength.  Man 
has  many  enemies  ;  his  own  fallen  wisdom,  his 
self-sufficiency,  his  corrupt  and  degenerate 
heart,  and  added  to  all  this  the  temptations 
of  Satan;  and  so  long  as  any  one  of  these 
remains,  so  long  man  must  remain  a  stranger 
to  complete  redemption.  Let  us  be  earnestly 
engaged  that  the  fruits  of  righteousness  may 
appear  in  us,  that  our  peace  may  be  made,  and 
our  work  clone.  Let  us  reflect  on  that  awful 
hour  of  retribution,  which  sooner  or  later 
must  come.  Thus  shall  we  be  prepared  for 
admission  through  the  pearl  gates  into  the 
holy  city;  and  be  numbered  with  those  who 
have  washed  their  garments  and  made  them 
white  in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb  ;  and  unite 
with  them  in  ascribing  salvation  to  the  Lamb. 
Then  he  paused,  and  pronounced  these 
solemn  words  in  the  most  solemn  manner, 
"Thine  is  the  kingdom,  thine  is  the  power, 
and  thine  is  the  glory  forever  and  over. 
Amen." 


It  is  in  retirement  that  our  affections  are 
raised  to  God  and  our  souls  refreshed  and 
quickened  by  the  influences  Of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
If  wo  would  live  near  the  threshold  of  heaven, 


and  daily  take  a  glance  of  our  promised  in- 
heritance, we  must  avoid  not  only  worldly 
but  religious  dissipation.  Strange  as  it  may 
seem,  there  is  something  like  religious  dissi- 
pation when  a  Christian  is  so  engrossed  with 
the  society  even  of  the  religious  as  to  prevent 
his  spiritual  enjoyments. 


THE  CITY. 

BY  HORATIUS  BONAR. 
Thou  art  no  child  of  the  city  ! 

Hadst  thou  known  it  as  I  have  done, 
Thou  wouldst  not  smile  with  pity,* 

As  if  joy  were  with  thee  alone  ; — 

"With  thee,  the  unfettered  ranger 
Of  the  forest  and  moorland  free : — 

As  if  gloom  and  toil  and  danger 
Could  alone  in  a  city  be. 

The  smoke,  the  din,  and  the  bustle 
Of  the  city — I  know  them  well; 

And  I  know  the  gentle  rustle 
Of  the  leaves  in  your  breezy  dell. 

Day's  hurry  and  evening's  riot 
In  the  city — I  know  them  all ; 

I  know,  too,  the  loving  quiet 

Of  your  glen  at  the  day's  sweet  fall. 

Yet  despite  your  earnest  pity, 
And  despite  its  smoke  and  din, 

I  cleave  to  the  crowded  city, 

Though  I  shrink  from  its  woe  and  sin. 

For  I  know  the  boundless  measure 
Of  the  true  and  good  and  fair; 

The  vast,  far-gathered  treasure, 
The  wealth  of  soul,  that  is  there. 

You  may  smile,  or  sneer,  or  pity, 
You  may  fancy  it  weak  or  strange  ; 

But  ray  eye  to  the  smoky  city 
Returns  from  its  widest  range. 

My  heart  in  its  inmost  beatings 
Still  lingers  around  its  homes; 

My  soul  wakes  up  in  its  greetings 
To  the  gleam  of  its  spires  and  domes. 

You  call  it  life's  weary  common, 

At  the  best  but  an  idle  fair, 
The  market  of  man  and  woman  ; 

But  the  choice  of  the  race  are  there. 
The  wonders  of  life  and  gladness, 

The  wonders  of  hope  and  fear, 
The  wonders  of  death  and  sadness, 

All  the  wonders  of  time  are  there. 
In  your  lone  lake's  still  face  yonder, 

By  your  rivulet's  bursting  glee, 
Deep  truth  I  read  and  ponder, 

Of  the  earth  and  its  mystery. 

But  there  seems  in  the  city's  motion 

A  mightier  truth  for  me; 
'Tis  the  sound  ol  life's  great  ocean, 

'Tis  the  tide  of  the  human  sea. 
Over  rural  fields  lie  scattered 

Rich  fruitage  anil  blossoms  rare; 
The  city  the  store  has  gathered, 

For  the  garner  of  hearts  is  there. 

And  the  home  to  which  I'm  hasting 

Is  not  in  a  silent  glen  ; 
The  place  where  my  hopes  are  resting 

Is  a  city  of  living  men. 

The  crowds  are  there  ;  but  the  sadness 

Is  lied,  with  the  toil  and  pain; 
Nought  is  heard  but  the  song  of  gladness; 

'Tis  the  city  of  holy  men. 
And  wilt  thou  my  sad  fate  pity? 

Wilt  thou  grieve  o'er  my  heavy  doom, 
When  within  that  resplendent  city 

I  shall  find  my  glorious  home? 

In  a  service  which  God's  will  appoints, 
There  are  no  bonds  for  me; 

For  my  inmost  heart  is  taught  the  truth 
That  makes  his  children  free; 

And  a  life  of  self-renouncing  love 
Is  a  life  of  liberty. 


NOTHING  IS  LOST. 

Nothing  is  lost;  the  drop  of  dew, 

Which  trembles  on  the  leaf  or  flower, 
Is  but  exhaled,  to  fall,  anew, 

In  summer's  thunder  shower — ■ 
Perchance  to  shine  within  the  bow, 

That  fronts  the  sun  at  close  of  day, 
Perchance  to  sparkle  in  the  flow 

Of  fountain  far  away. 

Nothing  is  lost;  the  tiniest  seed, 

By  wild  birds  borne,  or  breezes  blown, 
Finds  something  suited  to  its  needs, 

Wherein  'tis  sown  or  grown. 
The  language  of  some  household  song, 

The  perfume  of  some  cherished  flower, 
Though  gone  from  outward  sense,  belong 

To  memory's  after  hour. 


So  with  our  words :  or  harsh  or  kind, 

Uttered,  they  are  not  forgot; 
They  leave  their  influence  on  the  mind, 

Pass  on,  but  perish  not. 
So  with  our  deeds,  for  good  or  ill, 

They  have  their  power  scarce  understood; 
Then  let  us  use  our  better  will, 

To  make  them  rife  with  good. 

From  the  "  British  Friend." 

Notes  by  George  Pitt  on  a  late  Tour  in  Russia, 
including  Finland,  Poland,  and  the  Salt 
Uines. 

Early  in  1883,  feeling  a  strong  inclination 
to  visit  parts  of  the  Russian  Empire,  I  kept 
it  secret  till  the  way  felt  clear  and  my  inten- 
tions were  matured,  when  I  decided  to  go  in 
the  early  summer,  or  on  the  break  up  of  the 
ice  on  the  Neva  and  Gulf  of  Finland,  which 
occurs  generally  the  end  of  4th  month. 

My  wife  united  in  the  prospect,  and  will- 
ingly consented  to  accompany  me.  So  we 
arranged  to  make  a  circular  tour,  by  going 
up  the  Baltic  Sea  in  its  length,  visiting  the 
chief  cities  in  Finland,  and  then  passing  on 
by  rail  to  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow  (nearly 
following  the  line  Napoleon  led  his  grand 
army  in  his  disastrous  campaign  of  1812), 
pass  through  Poland,  staying  at  its  capital 
Warsaw,  then  turning  south  to  Cracow,  in 
Austria,  visit  the  famous  Salt  Mines,  and  re- 
turn home  through  Breslau,  Frankfort-on- 
Oder,  and  Berlin. 

We  left  London  on  the  9th  of  5th  month, 
in  the  steamship  Rainbow  for  Hamburg,  and 
were  glad  to  find  it  was  the  very  ship  in  which 
we  started  to  the  East  and  Palestine.  The 
crew,  13  of  whom  were  teetotalers,  gave  us  a 
hearty  welcome. 

We  had  a  quiet  and  good  passage  to  Ham- 
burg, landing  after  breakfast  on  Sixth-day 
the  11th,  and  took  first  train  to  Lubock  about 
50  miles  off,  a  port  on  or  near  the  Baltic,  ex- 
pecting to  wait  here  a  day  or  two  for  a  boat, 
but  to  our  delight  and  satisfaction  found  there 
was  a  steamer  starting  for  Abo,  Finland,  in 
less  than  two  hours'  time.  It  was  its  second 
trip  this  season,  and  only  went  once  in  three 
weeks. 

The  distance  from  Lubeck  to  Hango  is 
about  800  miles,  and  occupied  2J  days.  The 
passage  splendid;  the  sun  shining,  and  the 
cold  pleasantly  bracing. 

The  traffic  on  the  Baltic  is  great ;  wo  could 
generally  count  up  half-a  dozen  strainers  in 
sight  at  one  time.  We  arrived  at  Hango  early 
on  the  14th  (  Whit-Monday),  and  stayed  there 
twelve  hours  to  unload  cargo,  arriving  next 
morning  at  our  destination,  Abo,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Finland? 

The  Fins  are  brawny  and  coarse,  but  their 
great  peculiarity  is  the  flatness  of  their  faces. 
Another  curiosity  we  saw    here  for  the  first 


THE    FRIEND. 


time  was  the  Drosky,  a  one-horse,  low,  heavy, 
four-wbeeled  chaise  to  hold  two  passengers. 
The  horses  are  small  and  plump,  and  go  very 
fast.  They  have  an  arch  or  hoop  of  wood 
over  the  horse's  collar  two  or  three  feet  high, 
looking  very  strange.  The  traces  are  fixed 
to  the  outside  of  the  shaft  near  the  collar,  and 
the  other  end  draws  from  the  linch-pin  of  the 
axle,  which  projects  beyond  the  wheels  some 
inches. 

The  driver's  dress  too,  is  equally  curious, 
made  of  blue  cloth,  reaching  nearl}-  to  the 
ground,  almost  the  same  shape  as  a  blue-coat 
boy's  dress,  with  a  belt  round  the  waist,  and 

low-crown  square  smart-shaped  hat.  In 
St.  Petersburg  there  are  ten  thousand  of  them. 
They  turn  corners  very  sharp,  and  drive  fast 
land  recklessly.  We  saw  about  fifty  one  even- 
iing  waiting  at  a  railroad  station,  quiet  as 
though  asleep.  All  at  once  a  signal  of  an  ap- 
proaching train  was  given,  and  like  magic 
the}-  all  started  in  a  moment,  driving  amongst 
each  other  for  precedence,  looking,  wTith  their 
projecting  axles,  like  Roman  chariots  having 
a  race,  and  we  expected  a  general  smash,  but 
somehow  they  ended  without  a  scratch. 

We  left  Abo  by  train  in  the  afternoon,  for 
Helsingt'ors,arunof  176  miles,  mostly  through 
pine  forests  like  Sweden,  arriving  near  mid- 
night, and  staying  a  day  to  survey  this  im- 
portant and  lively  city  of  50,000  population. 

Russia  having  conquered  and  annexed  Fin- 


the  idea,  and  very  joyfully  took  us  to  a  hotel 
explaining  our  wants.  1  gave  him  twenty- 
five  copecks,  at  which  he  gazed  with  delight, 
as  if  it  was  a  day's  pay.  We  were  very  com 
fortable,  and  stayed  five  days — the  whole  staff, 
though  not  being  able  to  converse,  showing- 
great  attention  and  affection. 

Our  next  difficulty  was  in  buying  provisions. 
The  Russians  seldom  ticket  their  goods;  so 
we  had  to  select  at  some  shop  the  article  we 
needed,  point  to  it,  and  then  showing  a  silver 
coin  of  the  value  we  wished  to  spend,  they 
understood  without  a  word  spoken  what  we 
wanted  and  the  quantity.  Sometimes  giving 
us  change  out,  at  others  chattering  away  as 
though  we  understood.  We  kept  silence,  so 
they  did  not  discover  we  were  foreigners,  but 
guessing  the}'  wanted  more  money,  1  quietly 
placed  another  coin  down,  and  so  we  passed 
as  natives. 

But  for  a  day  or  two  we  had  hard  work. 
The  city  is  so  extensive  and  laid  out  on  such 
broad  lines  with  straight  streets  and  boule- 
vards, we  had  to  walk  some  20  miles  a  day. 
To  get  our  letters  at  the  Poste  Restante  we 
had  to  walk  four  miles  and  back.  The  place 
swarms  with  droskies,  which  are  cheap,  30 
copecks  or  7 A <  1 .  for  a  short  course,  but  we 
could  by  no  means  make  them  understand 
where  to  drive  to. 

Tram  cars  are  numerous,  running  in  all 
directions;   but,  not  knowing  their  signs  and 


■emoved  its  metropolis  from  Abo  to  localities,  it  was  rather  awkward  —  like 
Helsinfors,  to  be  nearer  its  own  capital  St.  Chinaman  in  London,  not  understanding  our' 
Petersburg;  and  to  be  able  to  defend  it  better, ;  vocabulary,  getting  into  an  omnibus -at  the| 
being  more  insulated  and  protected  bytbe|Bank,  hoping  to  get  to  Oxford  street,  and 
strong  natural  and  artificial  fortress  of  Swea-' finding  he  was  set  down  at  Clapham. 
borgh  in  front  of  its  harbor,  which  the  allies  On  the  third  day  I  bad  mastered  their 
bombarded  in  the  Russian  war  of  1854.  crooked  ways,  and  could  then  ride  in  any  di- 

Its  fish  market  on  the  quay  was  extensive  (rection  with  confidence  and  impunity.  With-I 
and  interesting.  Hundreds  of  little  fishing  lout  any  plan  of  the  city  I  had  found  the  key 
boats  were  moored  edgeways  alongside,  where  to  it  and  the  whereabouts  of  its  leading  ob- 
tho  fishermen  or  their  wives  offered  their  jects — all  its  railroad  stations,  its  river  from  i 
takes  of  beautiful  looking  fishes  for  sale,  all  end  to  end  nearly — so  as  to  feel  as  much  at| 
alive,  selling  them  to  the  market  people  byihome  as  in  London.  I  believe  we  saw  and 
weight,  averaging  about  id.  a  lb.  Understood  more  in  five  days  than  ordinary 

Women  generally  do  not  wear  hats  or  bon-|  travellers  would  in  five  weeks, 
nets,  but  a  fancy  handkerchief  tied  over  their       Many  Friends  said   to  us:   "Are  you  not 
heads   under   the    chin;    but  eligible   youngjafraid  to  go  to  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow 
ladies  dress  pretty  much  like  the  English.       [because  of  the  Nihilists?"     Smiling  at  their 


We  moved  on  by  the  night  train,  257  miles, 
to  St.  Petersburg,  again  through  pine  forests 
nearty  all  the  way,  arriving  at  the  vast  me- 
tropolis of  near  a  million  souls  by  10  a.  m. 

Our  first  difficulty  was  to  be  understood — 
the  Russian  language  is  so  totally  different  to 
any  other.  There  are  so  few  English  there, 
and  you  cannot  understand  one  word  they 
sa}'  or  write,  nor  they  you.  Their  alphabet 
has  36  letters,  some  of  which  in  appearance 
resemble  ours,  but  have  a  totally  different 
sound;  and  some  of  them  are  turned  upside 
down  or  written  the  reverse  way  ;  others  are 
like  two  English  letters  joined  together  like 
~"  imese  twins  by  a  band  in  the  middle,  while 
some  resemble  ours,  but  clipped  and  muti- 
lated, or  by  additions  appear  ridiculous.  In 
Finland  you  can  guess  man}-  of  their  written 
words,  as  they  are  evidently  derived  from 
German,  French,  or  English  roots,  but  it  puz- 
zles you  to  interpret  any  Russian  word  ;  as 
much  so  as  if  it  were  Greek  or  Chinese — 
Russian  words  want  a  double  translation — 
first  the  letters  into  English  letters — then  the 
words  into  English  words. 

So  to  find  a  hotel  we  had  to  mimic  sleep 
by  closing  our  eyes  and  resting  our  heads  on 
our  hands.     A  poor  man,  passing  by,  caught 


timidity,  I  rejoined:  ''Are  you  not  afraid  to 
go  to  London  because  of  the  Fenians?''  The 
two  cases  are  parallel  as  applied  to  travellers. 

St.  Petersburg  is  certainly  one  of  the  grand 
capitals  of  the  world,  abounding  with  mag- 
nificent buildings,  jet  not  so  tall  as  in  Paris 
or  New  York  ;  interspersed,  as  in  London, 
with  smaller  buildings,  so  as  to  lack  the  uni- 
formity of  modern  continental  cities.  If  va- 
iety  is  charming,  this  place  can  boast. 

Still  there  are  palaces,  cathedrals,  and  mon- 
ster public  buildings  without  stint.  The  Em- 
peror's Winter  Palace,  I  suppose,  is  the  largest 
in  the  world.  It  occupies  a  central  position 
on  the  river  front,  is  nearly  square,  and,  with 
its  adjoining  Hermitage,  has  a  frontage  of 
1,200  feet,  or  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  and, 
when  the  Czar  is  at  home,  has  7,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

The  Czar's  Summer  Palace  is  at  Peterhoff, 
sixteen  miles  off  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  in  a 
densely  wooded  park,  which  we  went  to  see  ; 
its  original  appearance,  even  to  its  reddish 
yellow  coloring,  being  carefully  kept  up,  as 
in  the  time  of  Peter  the  Great,  who  had 
built  and  resided  at  it. 

Opposite  Peterhoff,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finlar 
is  the  island  of  Cronstadt,  used  by  Peter  the 


Great  as  a  fortress  and  harbor,  but  converted 
by  the  Emperor  Nicholas  into  an  enormous 
and  busy  dockyard  and  arsenal,  where  may 
be  seen  forests  of  masts,  and  tens  of  thousands 
of  workmen  engaged  in  shipbuilding.  It  is 
17  miles  by  water  from  St.  Petersburg,  and 
of  course  we  went  to  survey  it. 

(To  be  continued.) 

Thoroughness. 

AyoungNewEnglander,  whose  knowledge 
was  more  sbowy  than  deep,  went  many  years 
ago  to  teach  a  district  school  in  Virginia. 

Among  his  pupils  was  a  small,  rather  dull 
and  insignificant-looking  boy,  who  annoyed 
him  by  his  questions.  No  matter  what  the 
subject  under  discussion,  this  lad  apparently 
never  could  get  near  enough  to  the  bottom  of 
it  to  be  content. 

One  very  warm  morning,  the  teacher  began 
to  lecture  to  the  boys  on  the  habits  and  char- 
acteristics of  a  fish  which  one  of  them  had 
caught  during  recess.  He  finished,  and  was 
about  to  dismiss  the  school,  when  his  inquisi- 
tive pupil  asked  some  questions  about  their 
gills  and  their  use. 

The  question  answered,  others  followed, 
concerning  the  scales,  skin,  flesh.  The  poor 
teacher  struggled  to  reply  with  all  the  infor- 
mation at  his  command.  But  that  was  small, 
and  the  day  grew  warmer,  and  the  afternoon's 
holiday  was  rapidly  slipping  away. 

"  The  school  will  now  be  dismissed,"  he  said, 
at  last. 

"  But  the  bones !  You  have  told  us  nothing 
about  the  bones!"  said  the  anxious  boy. 

He  smothered  his  annoyance,  and  gave  all 
the  information  he  could  command,  on  the 
shape,  structure,  and  use  of  the  bones. 

"And  now  the  school" — -he  began. 

"What  is  inside  of  the  bones?"  stolidly 
came  from  the  corner  where  the  quiet  boy 
was  sitting. 

He  never  remembered  what  answer  he 
gave,  but  the  question  and  his  despair  fixed 
themselves  in  his  memory.  Thirty-five  }-ears 
afterward  he  visited  Washington,  and  entered 
the  room  where  the  Justices  of  the  Supremo 
Court  were  sitting. 

The  Chief  Justice,  the  most  learned  jurist 
of  his  day,  was  a  man  like  St.  Paul,  whose 
bodily  presence  was  contemptible. 

The  stranger  regarded  him  at  first  with 
awe,  then  with  amazement. 

"It  is  the  boy  who  went  inside  of  the  fish's 
bones!"  he  exclaimed. 

If  he  had  not  tried  to  go  inside  of  every 
"  fish's  bones,"  he  would  never  have  reached 
the  lofty  position  which  he  held. 

It  is  the  boy  who  penetrates  to  the  heart 
of  the  matter  who  is  the  successful  scholar, 
and  afterward  lawj-er,  physician,  philosopher, 
or  statesman. 

It  is  the  man  in  whom  the  axe  is  laid  to  the 
root,  not  the  outer  branches,  whose  religion 
is  a  solid  foundation  for  his  life  here  and  be- 
yond. 

If  a  man  wants  to  increase  the  probabilities 
of  an  accidental  shooting  of  his  wife,  or  his 
mother,  or  his  sister,  or  his  brother,  or  his 
intimate  friend,  he  would  do  well  to  keep  a 
loaded  revolver  always  at  hand,  in  his  house. 

There  are  at  least  five  chances  of  the  pistol 
being  used  in  this  way,  where  there  is  one 
chance  that  it  will  help  to  keep  off  midnight 
assassins  or  burglars.  There  has  been,  at 
least,  three  loved  ones  shot   by  mistake  in 


THE    FRIEND. 


pistol-guarded  resting-places  of  our  wide- 
awake Americans,  within  the  past  five  years, 
where  there  has  been  one  burglar  hit  in  an 
outermost  garment,  or  even  frightened  away. 
Burglars  are  generally  on  the  lookout  for  pis- 
tols ;  they  rarely  come  within  range  of  them. 
But  wife  and  friends  are  not  always  so  suspi- 
cious; so  they  are  far  more  liable  to  be  shot 
at.  Merely  looking  at  the  human  side  of 
probabilities  in  the  case,  it  is  a  great  deal 
safer  to  the  family,  not  to  have  a  loaded  pistol 
in  the  house.  When  it  comes  to  trusting  the 
Lord  for  home  protection,  dry  powder  is  not 
so  essential  to  a  peace-loving  householder  as 
it  was  to  a  Cromwellian  soldier. — Selected, 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Leeches  in  Ceylon.—"  While  I  was  wander- 
ing, enchanted,  through  the  tall  grass  by  the 
river,  under  the  tall  crown  of  an  oil  palm, 
and  carefully  tracing  the  convolutions  of  a 
climbing  rattan,  I  suddenly  felt  a  sharp  nip 
in  my  leg,  and  on  baring  it  discovered  a 
few  small  leeches  which  had  attached  them 
selves  to  the  calf,  and  saw  at  the  same  time 
half  a  dozen  more  of  the  nimble  little  wretel 
mounting  my  boot  with  surprising  rapidity, 
like  so  many  caterpillars.  This  was  my  first 
acquaintance  with  the  land  leeches  of  Ceylon  ; 
of  all  its  plagues  one  of  the  worst,  as  I  learn- 
ed by  much  suffering.  This  leech  (Hirudo 
ceylanica)  is  one  of  the  smallest  of  its  family, 
but  at  the  same  time  the  most  unpleasant. 
Excepting  near  the  sea  and  on  the  highest 
mountains,  they  swarm  in  myriads  in  every 
wood  and  bush  ;  and  in  some  of  the  forests, 
especially  near  the  river  banks,  and  in  the 
marshy  jungle  of  the  highlands  and  the  lower 
bills,  it  is  impossible  to  take  a  single  step 
without  being  attacked  by  them.  Not  only 
do  they  creep  along  the  ground  seeking  what 
they  may  devour — they  are  on  every  bush 
and  tree,  from  which  they  frequently  drop 
on  the  head  or  neck  of  the  passer-by,  while 
they  always  creep  up  his  legs  ;  nay,  they'can 
even  spring  to  reach  their  victim.  When 
tbey  have  sucked  their  fill  they  are  about  as 
large  as  an  ordinary  leech ;  but,  when  fast- 
ing, they  are  no  thicker  than  a  thread  and 
scarcely  more  than  half  an  inch  long.  They 
wriggle  through  the  clastic  tissue  of  a  stock- 
ing with  the  greatest  ease  and  rapidity  ;  often 
the  bite  is  felt  at  the  time,  but  as  frequently 
it  is  not.  Once,  at  an  evening  party,  I  first 
became  aware  of  the  presence  of  a  leech  upon 
my  person  by  seeing  a  red  streak  of  blood 
running  down  my  white  trousers. 

"A  single  drop  of  lemon  juice  is  sufficient 
to  rid  you  of  a  leech,  and  for  this  purpose, 
when  you  walk  out  in  Ceylon,  you  always 
put  a  small  lemon  in  your'  pocket.  I  often 
used  instead  a  drop  of  the  carbolic  acid  or  the 
alcohol  which  I  always  carried  with  me  for 
preserving  small  animal  specimens. 

"The  result  of  the  bite  is  very  different 
with  different  persons.  Those  who  have  a 
thin  skin  feel  a  painful  throbbing  in  the 
wound  tin-  some  days,  and  a  more  or  less  dis- 
agreeable inflammation  of  the  surrounding 
skin.  As  the  leeches  always  attack  by  pre- 
ference these  inflamed  and  irritated  spots 
with  fresh  bites,  the  wound  by  constant 
aggravation  becomes  so  serious  as  to  be  even 
dangerous.  When  the  English  seized  Kandy, 
in  1815,  they  had  to  toil  for  weeks  through 
the  dense  jun.de  of  the  damp  hill  country, 
and  they  lost  a  great  many  men  from  the  in 


eessant  attacks  of  swarms  of  leeches.  In 
neighborhoods  which  are  most  infested  by 
them  the  Europeans  wear  leech-gaiters,  as 
they  are  called,  as  a  protection.  These  are 
high  overalls  of  india  rubber  or  some  very 
thick  material,  which  cover  the  shoes  and  are 
secured  above  the  knees.  I  protected  myself 
in  the  jungle  by  painting  a  ring  of  carbolic 
acid  around  above  my  high  hunting  boots, 
and  this  line  the  leeches  never  crossed.  In 
some  parts  of  the  island,  however,  the  swarms 
of  leeches  make  any  long  stay  impossible,  as 
do  the  ticks  in  some  other  places." — Prof. 
Haeckel. 

Panics. — A  genuine  panic  is  an  insanity  of 
the  mass.  The  activity  of  the  higher  centers 
is  suspended,  reason  is  gone,  tbeNvbole  force 
of  volition  is  turned  in  one  channel,  the  whole 
energy  of  the  emotions  is  translated  into 
fear  of  danger  and  desire  for  safety.  The 
panic-struck  are  insensible  to  injury,  ignorant 
of  any  sight  or  sound,  or  taste  or  smell,  except 
such  as  relate  to  their  effort  for  safety.  Man 
when  in  panic  touches  as  near  as  ever  he  can 
to  the  mental  condition  of  a  beast.  A  runa- 
way horse,  a  frightened  flock  of  sheep,  a 
panic-struck  crowd,  arc  on  the  same  mental 
level. 

Ther 


count  of  tracking  of  hind  with  forefoot, 
in  most  cases,  though  not  alwa3"s,  single. 

After  careful  examination  for  several  ds^_ 
the  conclusion  I  came  to  was  that  the  tracks; 
were  probably  made  by  a  large  plantigrade! 
quadruped,  most  likely  a  gigantic  ground-| 
sloth.  The  apparent  singleness,  the  singular1 
shape,  and  the  large  outward  turn  of  tbe| 
tracks  I  attribute  to  the  imperfect  traekingi 
of  hind  and  forefoot  on  the  same  side,  while1 
the  absence  of  claw-marks  was  the  result  of  I 
the  clogging  of  the  feet  with  mud. 

The  Railway  Mileage  of  the  World. — Thej 
Chicago  Railway  Age  gives  the  following  as  i 
the  estimated  railway  mileage  of  the  world; 
1st  mo.  1st,  1883 : 


United  States, 
Europe,  .  . 
Asia,  .  .  . 
South  America, 
Canada,      .     . 


Miles.  I 
113,000     Australia,  . 
109,000  I  Africa, 

8,000  I  Mexico,      . 

7,000  I 

8,500  I      Grand  total,        253,000 


Miles. 
3,200 
2.201) 
2,100 


"  Bemarks    are    sometimes    made    [in    our 
meetings]  which  are  very  pertinent,  but  the 
disordered  and  distempered  are  not  there  to 
hear  them  ;  they  are  in  their  holes  and  nests. 
The  Monthly  Meeting  is  the  place  to  exe- 
cute the  laws  and  statutes ;  the  dispensers, 
no  emotion  so  contagious  as  that  of  many  of  them,  are  of  weak  hands  and  unclean  \ 
fear,  and  no  desire  so  strong,  so   intimately  lips.     In  this  state,  how  can  Zion  arise  and  I 
wrought  into  our  nature  as  that  of  self-pre-  come  up  to  the  help  of  the  Lord  against  the  1 
servation.     Hence  the  rapidity    with    which  mighty,  the  world,  and  the  unsanctified  spirit  ] 
the  contagion  of  the  panic  spreads  itself.    The1  of  man?     If  the  appointed,  and  anointed  and 
strongest  and  bravest  man  becomes  tremulous  fitted   bestir  not  themselves,  the  deluge  will 
when  in  a  crowd  struck  with  fear.     Panics  increase,  and  the  standard  of  formality  and 
have  their  predisposing  causes.     The   mind  unrighteousness  will  be  substituted  for  right- 
when  wrought  upon  by  harrowing  recitals  of  eousness  and  peace. — S.  Neale. 
previous  disasters,  or    when   made   unstable 
from  nervous  weaknesses,  or  insecure  by  lack 
of  confidence,  is  most  readily  affected. 

No  doubt  the  best  thing  for  the  individual 
to  do  in  case  of  panic  is  in  most  cases  to  re- 
main still.  One  cannot  stifle  emotion,  but 
one  can  often  restrain  action,  which  latter  is 
the  thing  that  does  the  harm.     In  incipient 


THE    FRIEND. 


EIGHTH  MONTH  11, 


The   commencement  of  a  new  volume  of 
The   Friend,"   reminds    us   that   nearly  56 
panics,  loud  noises,  a  confident  speech,  or  any  |  years   have   elapsed  since  the  issuing  of  its 
distracting  object  may  still  affect  the  mind  first  number.     It  was  born  in  the  troublous 


and  check  the  tide  of  feeling  before  it  has  yet 
concentrated  upon  the  single  purpose  of  es- 
cape.— Medical  Record. 

The  Carson  Foot-prints. — Professor  Joseph 
Le  Contc,  writing  from  Berkley,  Cal.,  sends 
to  Nature  a  brief  account  of  the  supposed 
human  foot-prints  found  in  the  shale  at  Car- 
son, and  agrees  with  Professor  Marsh  and 
others  in  attributing  them  to  a  large  sloth. 
The  so-called  human  tracks,  he  writes,  occur 
several    alternating   series   of   15-20.      In 


times  of  1827,  when  the  Society  of  Friends  in 
America  was  agitated  by  the  discussions  aris- 
ing from  the  Unitarian  sentiments  published 
by  Elias  Hicks  and  others,  who  had  been 
among  its  prominent  and  influential  members. 
It  was  felt  by  many  Friends  that  there  was 
then  a  peculiar  need  for  such  a  journal,  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  the  Society,  and  which 
would  furnish  an  easy  method  for  the  spread- 
ing of  information,  and  the  interchange  of 
sentiment  on  subjects  affecting  the  welfare  of 


size  they  are  18-20  inches  long,  and  8  inches  the  body,  among  those  who  were  too  widely 


wide.  In  shape  they  are  many  of  them  far 
more  curved  than  the  human  track,  especially 
in  soft  mud.  The  stride  is  21  to  3  feet,  and 
oven  more.  The  outward  turn  of  the  track 
is  in  many  cases  greater  than  in  human  tracks, 
especially  in  soft  mud.  But  the  most  re- 
markable thing  about  them  on  the  human 
theory  is  the  straddle,  that  is,  the  distance 
between  the  right  and  left  series.  This  I 
found  to  be  eighteen,  and  even  nineteen. 
inches,  which  was  fully  as  great  as  that  of 
the  mammoth  tracks.  "This  is  probably  the 
greatest  objection  to  the  human  theory.'  (  )n 
'lie  other  hand,  the  great,  objection  to  the 
uadrupedal  theory  is  the  apparent  singleness 
of  the  tracks,  and  the  absence  of  claw-marks. 
Hut  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  tracks 
are  deep,  and  the  outlines  somewhat  obscure, 
and  also  that  the  mammoth    tracks,  on    tic- 


separated  to  have  much  personal  intercourse. 
To  carry  out  this  object  a  few  Friends  in  and 
around  Philadelphia  banded  themselves  to- 
gether, and  agreed  to  be  responsible  for  tho 
pecuniary  expenses  connected  with  the  publi- 
cation. They  called  themselves  "Contribu- 
tors to  The  Friend,"  and  faithfully  fulfilled 
their  agreement  by  pecuniary  contributions 
from  time  to  time.  For  a  considerable  period, 
"  The  Friend"  has  been  self-supporting;  but 
the  money  invested  in  it  has  long  been  re- 
garded as  devoted  to  the  good  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  no  pecuniary  return  has  ever 
been  made  to  those  who  have  contributed 
funds  toward  its  support  ;  nor  of  latter  years, 
and  we,  believe  never,  have  they  had  any  ex- 
pectation or  wish  of  such  return. 

The  original  Contributors  were  Thomas  C. 
James,    Robert   Smith,   George  Vaux,  John 


THE    FRIEND. 


>  Bacon,  Roberts  Vaux, Thomas  Kimber,  Daniel'is  commended  to  the  thoughtful  consideration 
I  B.  Smith.  George  II.  Stroud,  Ellis  H.  Yarnall,  of  those  friends  who  desire  stronger  meat, 
■Thomas  Evans,  Charles  Yarnall,  John  Rich-  and  occasionally  send  us  criticisms,  complain- 

(Tirdson,   George   Stewardson,    Morris  Smith,  ing  that  the  space  occupied  by  such  articles 
|Dr.    Benjamin    H.    Coates,    Edward    Bettle,  [is  not  filled  from  the  deep  spiritual  writings 
ffichaid  C.   Wood,   Dr.  Caspar   Wistar,   and  of  our  early  Friends,  or  others. 
James  S.  Newbold.  There  is  one  part  of  the  matter  contained 

one  by  one  dropped  out  of  the  in  "The  Friend"  which  we  feel  to  be  cspe 


As  the 


first  of  Tenth  month.  A  fee  of  three  cents  is  to  be 
charged  for  each  postal-note  issued,  which  may  be  re- 
deemed at  any  money-order  office  selected  by  the  re- 
mitter. 

A  number  of  the  striking  cigar  makers  in  New  York 
returned  to  work  the  latter  part  of  last  week,  and  the 
remainder  the  beginning  of  the  present.  The  manu- 
facturers say  the  cigar  makers  "  bave  yielded  every 
point  at  issue;"  the  Secretary  of  the  Progressive  Uniou 
says:  "The  settlement  was  effected   by  mutual  conces- 

There  is  practically  no  change  in  the  relative  posi- 
tions of  the  striking  telegraph  operators  and  the  com- 
panies in  this  city. 

A  storm  of  wind,  hail  and  rain  passed  over  the 
northern  portion  of  Monroe  county,  New  York,  on  the 
evening  of  the  2nd,  doing  great  damage  to  grain  and 
fruit.  Many  farmers  report  losses  of  from  ;300  to 
-1000.  Birds  and  poultry  were  killed  by  the  hail- 
stones, which  also  brought  the  blood  from  horses  and 
cattle  struck  by  them. 

The  first  bale  of  hops  of  the  season  arrived  in  New 
York  city  on  tlie  3rd  inst. — four  days  earlier  than  last 
year.  The  bops  are  from  Oneida  county,  and  are  said 
to  be  "  very  fine  for  the  first  pick."  They  were  sold  for 
50  cents  a  pound. 

The  Stale  Treasurer  of  Vermont  in  his  annual  report 
places  the  debt  of  that  Commonwealth  at  $175,000,  of 
which  $135,000  is  bonded.  The  receipts  for  the  year 
were  $583,600,  and  the  disbursements  $532,670. 

The  number  of  deaths  in  this  citv  last  week  was  383; 
186  males,  and  197  females.  The  number  of  those  under 
five  years  was  195  :  70  died  of  cholera  infantum;  50  of 
consumption;  28  of  marasmus;  17  of  inflammation  of 
the  stomach  and  bowels;  13  of  diphtheria,  and  10  of 
typhoid   fever. 

Markets,  etc. — U.  S.  4£'s,  registered,  112;  coupon, 
,  registered,  103i ;  currency  6's,  127 


'  ranks,  either  removed  by  death,  or  prevented  cially  important ;  and  that  is  those  religious 
k  by  increasing  age  or  other  causes  from  paying  anecdotes  and  lively  essays  and  appeals  which 
lithe  requisite  attention  to  its  support  and  are  calculated  to  touch  the  religious  sensi- 
§  management,  others  were  introduced,  from  bility  and  awaken  earnest  longings  after  God 
■time  to  time,  who  felt  the  importance  of  main-  and  holiness.  If  we  can  in  an)-  measure  be 
■taining  the  journal  on  its  original  foundation,  made  instrumental  in  thus  stirring  up  the 
I  as  an  advocate  of  the  doctrines  and  practices  careless  and  unconcerned,  and  leading  them 

■  of  primitive  Quakerism.  jto  heed  the  voice  of  their  Saviour — to  regard 
f  At  the  time  of  its  commencement,  as  al-  the  convictions  of  his  Light  and  Grace — it 
■Teady  stated,  Unitarian  sentiments  bad  been  will    be    cause   of  unfeigned    rejoicing.     We 

■  promulgated  within  out1  borders.  In  its  early  have  been  greatly  indebted  in  the  past  to 
I  volutins,  there  is  much  printed  designed  to  some  of  our  correspondents,  who  have  written 
I  counteract  these;   setting  forth   in  clear  and  for  our  columns,  as  we  believe,  under  a  mea- 

■  strong  language  the  plain  testimonies  given  sure  of  the  constraining  love  of  Christ ;  and 

■  by  the  early  members  of  our  Society  to  the  we  desire  the  encouragement  of  these  in  so 

■  Divinity  and  atonement  of  Christ  Jesus,  and  good  a  work. 

■  the  necessity  of  faith  in  Him  as  the  Saviour  The  responsibility  connected  with  such  a 
I  of  the  world  ;  and  to  the  value  of  the  Scrip-  publication  as  "  The  Friend"  we  feci  to  be 
Itures  of  truth,  as  a  divinely  inspired  record,     serious,  and  are  convinced  that  Divine  help 

As  time  passed  on,  the  reaction  against  is  needed  to  enable  any  one,  however  natur- 
Unitarian  error  among  Friends  led  some  of  ally  gifted,  to  perform  aright  the  duties  asso- 
their  members  to  dwell  too  exclusively  on  the  ciated  therewith.  It  is,  therefore,  with  some 
outward  offering  of  our  Saviour,  and  on  a  degree  of  diffidence — yet  not  without  hope — 
literal  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures;  and  to  that  we  enter  upon  the  labors  of  the  volume p^M's,  119J; 

undervalue  or  disregard  the  internal  opera-  now  commencing.  ja  ^  was      ^  ,,  m  ct,  for  middu         ,anda 

tions  oi  Christ  by  his  Spirit,  as  the  true  Eight  It  seems  proper  to  make  this  review  of  thej  pelroleum  was  dull  and  nominal  at  7  a  7 J  cents  for 
which  lighteth  ever)*  man  that  Cometh  into  history  and  objects  of  our  paper,  because  the  refined,  in  barrels,  and  9  cts.  for  do.  in  cases. 
the  world  ;  through  the  guidance  and  help  of  contributors  have  decided  to  send  out  a  large  |  Flour  and  Meal.— Desirable  grades  of  good  keeping 
which  salvation  Is  known.  This  new  form  number  of  copies  gratuitously,  for  a  limited  "W  were  in  lair  demand  and  turn:  22ou  barrels  sold 
of  error  awakened  fears  and  called  forth  period,  to  some  who  bave  not  been  in  the  way  ll^^XuwJ^l  ^KtrV.K  and  "e" 
efforts  to  counteract  it  from  clear-sighted  and  of  receiving  it.  Many  to  whom  the  present  $7.25  for  patents.  Rye  Hour  sells  at  $3.50  a  $3,621  per 
well-concerned  Friends  in  various  parts  of  the  number  will  come,  may  be  of  this  class,  and  barrel. 

world  more  than  forty  years  ago.     In  the  dis-  this  notice  will  explain  to  such  the  fact  of  its)     Grain. — Wheat  was   unsettled  and  closed  dull  and 
cussions  which  arose,  "The  Friend"  bore  acoming.     Its  reception  will  involve  tbem  in  wfak-    Sale  of  18,000  bushels  at $1  11  a  $1.17.    Corn 

rt,  laboring  for  the  support  of  our  original  nopecuniary  responsibility,  unlessthey  should  S^0af^c?  higher^OOO  tteK  «U 
principles,  and  the  preservation  of  that  well-  subsequently  decide  to  become  subscribers.  ja  44-  cts.  Receipts  were— Hour,  2053  barrels;  wheat, 
balanced  system  of  doctrine  put  forth  byi  We  hope  they  will  be  willing  to  read  its  pages  51, soo  bushels;  corn,  33,800  bushels ;  oats,  4250  bushels. 
Friends  in  the  beginning  as  Primitive  Chris- 'with  a  candid  and  unprejudiced  mind.  We  I  Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  8th  mo. 
tianity  revived;  by  which  tbe  salvation  of,  believe  there  is  at  the  present  time  much  want  4.th-  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  279;  loads  of  straw,  36. 
..  ascribed  to  the  mercy  and  goodness  or  a  t.-u.  understanding  of  each  other's  condi-  ^erage  nr.ee  , iunng*e™k-g™u™*y,£ 
of  God  as  manifested  in  the  outward  coming  tion  existing  among  UuJi»o  cf  friends  who  are  straw,  50  a  60  cts.  per  100  pounds.  New  hay  60  a  80 
and  inward  work  of  Christ,  which  are  both  somewhat  remotely  separated  ;  and  this  want  ci*.  yl.  i*o  1,..,„1h^ 
essential.  I  renders  it  easy  for  unfounded  prejudices  to      Beet  cattle  were  in  bur  uemanu  cms iw^-««^~. 

Similar  views  and  motives  to  those  which  grow  up,  and  (ends  to  keep  apart  those  who  --firmer:  ™*£™«£^;)*'™l<£ 
fUJtuated  the  former  managers  of"  The  Friend"  are  really  one  111  religious  principle,  and  who,extra- 

continue    to  operate    with    their    successors,  ought  to  strengthen  one  another's  hands  in]     sheep  were  fairly  active  and  firm  :  11,000  head  ar- 
ill  endeavors  to  uphold  the  pure  the  Lord's  cause.     One  of  the  principal  mo-  Jrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  2  a  5|  cts.  per 

1,  as  to  quality, 
head  arrived  and 
aety;  to  guard  its  readers  against  aepar- 1  voivea  in   me   present  ettort  to  extena me  'sofd;t'the 'di'ffe'r^t""yards"at  8  "a  8}  eta.  per  lb.,  as  to 


The  paper  still  endeavors  to  uphold  the  p 

principles  of  the  Gospel,  as  believed  in  bv  our!  tives  for  incurring  the  labor  and  outlay  in-  lb-,  and  lambs  at  3  a  8  cts.  per  pound 

Society;  to  guard  its  readers  against  depar-  volved  in   the   present  effort  to  extend   the  l^,"^,  ",''%hL?„„»''"'  J,i',\t  '«'=,  81 

tures  on  the  right  hand  or  the  left;   and  to 'circulation  of  "The  Friend"  is,  the  hope  of  jcondili 

bear  a  testimony  against  those  teachings  and  thereby   promoting   a    better    knowledge   of  j     Foreign.— The  Times,  reviewing  the  harvest  pro 


those  practices  which  proceed  from  erroneous  each  other  among  all  those  who  claim   the  spects  in  England,  estimates  that  the  wheat  and  1 
views  or  are  calculated  to  lead  astray.  |name  of  Friends,  and  who  adhere  to  the  origi-  will  be  below  the  average  crop     H  F.  Moore ,  n 

The1   original   purpose  of  the  founders  of  nal  doctrines  of  our .Society,  and  of  increasing  ^d'ardavt^e  ^^Lu^StlX^ 
"The   Friend"   was,   not  only  to  provide  a  in  this  way  the  feeling  of  unity  which  ought  ;below  the  aver.lge.    The  yield  of  oats,  be  says,  will  be 
medium  for  the  dissemination  of  sound  doc-  to  subsist  between  those  who  are  of  the  same.  6  percent,  above  the  average,  and  that  of  potatoes  20 

trinal  views,  but  to    issue  such   a  paper  as  j  household  of  faith.    When  this  feeling  of  unity  per  cent,  above.  _  ^     ]r ^ 

would  be  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  families  exists,  and  is  cherished,  there  is  ground  to 
of  Friends.  With  this  view,  literary  articles, (hope  that  it  will  ultimately  remove  all  the 
and  those  embodying  scientific  and  general)  barriers  which  now  hinder  the  free  minglin 


information,  calculated  to  be  instructive  and 
interesting,  especially  to  the  younger  mem- 
bers of  the  families,  formed  a  part  of  the  plan. 
These,  it  is  believed,  have  an  educating  influ- 
ence on  their  minds,  giving  them  information, 
and  opening  to  their  view  channels  of  study 
and  research  that  are  innocent  and  valuable. 
This  feature  in  our  publication  is  steadily 
kept  in  remembrance,  and  we  believe  the  ex- 
perience of  the  past  confirms  its  utility.     It  Third  month  last,  will  be  put  into  operation  about  the 


n  church  fellowship  of  these  "  who  speak  the 
same  language,  and  desire  the  promotion  of 
Truth  in  their  own  hearts  and  in  the  world." 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— The  public  debt  statement  for  the 
Seventh  month  shows  a  reduction  of  $7,900,590. 

To  enable  people  to  safely  send  through  the  mail 
sums  less  than  five  dollars  in  amount,  a  new  money 
order  or  postal-note  system,  adopted  by  Congress  in  the 


A  box  of  dynamite,  to  which  a  lighted  fuse  was  at- 
tached, has  been  discovered  in  a  large  linen  factory  at 
Cupar-Fife,  Scotland.  The  fuse  was  extinguished  be- 
fore it  reached  tbe  explosive.  The  attempt  to  blowup 
the  factory  is  attributed  to  Fenianism.  Great  excite- 
ment has  been  caused  by  the  affair,  and  the  police  are 
searching  for  the  persons  who  placed  the  box  where  it 
was  found. 

Earl  Granville,  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
has  instructed  the  British  Minister  to  Morocco  to  make 
an  earnest  appeal  to  the  Sultan  of  Morocco  to  consider 
whether  it  is  not  time  to  place  his  empire  on  a  level 
with  other  civilized  powers  I  y  abolishing  slavery. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  Friends'  Ack  worth  School, 
in  England,  although  objected  to  by  several,  it  was  de- 
cided to  introduce  the  study  of  music,  it  being  said  that 


THE    FRIEND. 


■ —_ .  | 

of  the  small  number  of  girls  was  that  pa-  Columbia,  are  said   to  have  "spread  over  the  whole '  Enos  V.  Garrett,  Jane  Gibbons,  S.  D.  Gray,  Edward  I 

H.  Hall,  Sarah  A.  Harry,  Thomas  C.  Hogue,  E.  Malin  j 
Hoopes,  Ralston  R.  Hoopes,  Benjamin  Hayes,  Ruth  P.i 
Johnson,  Mary  A.  Newlin,  Rachel  McClain,  Dr.  George' 
Martin,  Esther  H.  Mendenhall,  Phebe  C.  Parker,  Mary  ': 
H.  Parke,  Ann  M.  Pratt,  Sarah  C.  Passmore,  Charles  j 
W.  Roberts,  James  C.  Roberts,  Deborah  Smedley, , 
Martha  Sankey,  Enos  Smedley,  David  J.  Scott,  Ann 
Scott,  S.  Em] en  Sharpless,  Joseph  Soattergood,  Susan 
F.  Sharpless,  Isaac  Sharpless,  Eusebius  H.  Townsend, 
Enos  E.  Thatclier,  Susan  L.  Temple,  Susan  Thomas, 
Jules  Avonssolm,  a  French  Professor  of  Organic  '57,  and  for  Mary  A.  Gardner,  R.  I.,  and  Elizabeth  H.  William  P.  Townsend,  Rachel  E.  Woodward,  Elizabeth 
Chemistry,  has  been  ordered  to  go  to  Egypt  and  study  '  Eddy  and  Mary  Booth,  Mass.,  $2.10  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  M.  Worth,  Charles  L.  Warner,  and  Philena  S.  Yarnall, 
the  features  of  the  cholera  epidemic  there.  |  William  E.  Tatuin,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mary  Stokes,    Pa.,  Mary  E.  Hall,  O.,  Mary  H.  Hambleton,  lo.  Thomas 

Collings,  M.  P.,  in  a  recent  speech,  alluded  to  the.  City,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  William  George  England,  N.  S., '  Sharpless,  Col.,  and  Thomas  Thorp,  Del.,  S2  each,  vol. 
proposed  convention  between  Switzerland  and  America  S2,  vol.  57;  for  Hannah  M.  Stokes,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  57 ;  from  Richard  J.Allen,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
for  the  settlement  by  arbitration  of  any  differences  from  Dr.  Joseph  Warrington,  N.  J.,  #2,  vol.57;  from  Roland  D.  Allen  and  William  C.  Allen,  Citv,  Richard 
which  may  arise  between  the  two  countries,  and  asks]  Josiah  L.  Haines,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Amy  Mid-' J.  Allen,  Jr.,  Cal.,  Henry  D.  Allen,  W.  town,  and 
if  the  Government  would  make  treaties  of  a  similar  ,dleton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Abigail  C.  Furman,,  Rowland  J.  Dutlon,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from 
nature.  Gladstone  replied,  that  England  was  not  pre-  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Lewis  Woolman,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  j  Charles  Stokes  Agent,  N.  J.,  for  Rachel  L.  Atkinson, 
pared  to  take  such  steps.  57;   from   William  Windle,  Pa.,  $2.10,  vol.  57;  from1  Elwood  E.  Haines,  Henry  W.  Wills,  Joseph  H.  Haines, 

On  the  5th  instant  an  outbreak  among  Spanish  troops  Nicholas  D.  Tripp,  Agent,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for:  Clayton  Haines,  Joshua  S".  Wills,  Joseph  Evans,  George 
was  reported  from  Portugal  as  occurring  in  the  city  of,  Persia  E.  Hallock,  Lydia  C.  Hoag,  George  Hoag,  Wil- :  Lippincott,  Martha  H.  Allen,  Rebecca  H.  Wills,  and 
Badajoz,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name.  The  liara  R.  Hazard,  Samuel  G.  Cook,  Gilbert  Weaver,  John  W.Stokes,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Charles  R. 
garrison  of  the  town,  numbering  700  men,  pronounced  Mary  M.  ( his,  and  Susan  C.  Gorham,  N.  Y.,  and  Wil-  Hodgin,  Ind.,  $2.60,  to  No.  13,  vol.  57  ;  from  Clayton 
for  a  republic,  the  Constitution  of  1869,  and  Ruiz  Zor-  liam  M.  Otis,  Colo.,  $2  each,  vol.  57,  and  for  Edward  Hancock,  N.  J.,  $2.10,  vol.  57 ;  from  Amos  Buzby,  N.  J., 
ilia  for  President.  General  Bemco,  with  a  military  J  Simpkins,  Alden  Sampson,  and  Alfred  King,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.57 
force,  was  despatched  to  the  revolted  province.  The  and  Jemima  Knowles,  Vt.,  $2.10  each,  vol.57;  from 
insurgents  were  either  arretted  in  Spain  or  have  fled  j  William   Bishop,  City,  $2,  vol.  57;   from   Rebecca  S. 


rents  generally  required  that  their  daughters  should  country,"  and  everywhere  "  flame  and  smoke  reign  : 
learn  music,  and  the  times  rendered  it  necessary  for.prerne."  The  smoke  is  too  dense  to  be  pierced  by  t 
those  training  for  teachers  to  have  a  knowledge  of  this  sun's  rays.     No  rain  has  fallen  in  that  region  for  tin 


Orders  have  been  issued  to  thoroughly  disinfect  car- 
goes of  rags  arriving  at  British  ports  from  Egypt. 

The  number  of  deaths  from  cholera  in  Egypt  for  the 
week  ending  First-dav  the  5th   instant,  exceeded  5000. 
Over 
ilisca 


months 


RECEIPTS. 

Received  from  Elizabeth  Wright,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57; 

from  Sarah  Ann  Allen,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Edith 

hundred   British  soldiers  have  died  of  the  Sharpless,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Sampson  Allen,  N.  C, 

since  the  recent  outbreak.  |$2  10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Isaac  P.  Wilbur,  Mass.,  $2.10,  vol. 


into  Portugal.  The  troops  sent  to  suppress  the  revolt 
have  been  ordered  to  return  to  Madrid.  The  whole 
peninsula  is  tranquil. 

The  French  Cabinet  has  fixed  an  extra  budget  of 
254,(00,000  francs. 

The  action  of  the  British  House  of  Commons  on  the 


!     i     C     .11   I  IUI1     Ul     Lilt     Ullll^H     HVU3C    Ul      1.1/IUIUlXin    Oil     lilt"       IH1IIIH,     O.I  111  I  I  (_' I      J  IIUIHC,      O  OSCOll      J  .      tVUILI 

Suez  Canal  question  gives  satisfaction  to  the  press  and  |  Jones,  City,  and  Clarkson  Sheppard,  Pa.. 


people  of  France,  and  is  considered  a  guarantee  of  peace. 

The  Chinese  Military  Attache  at  Berlin,  Who  re- 
cently assured  Cliallemel  Laeour,  French  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  of  the  friendly  attitude  of  China  towards 
France,  explains  that  his  assurances  were  merely  the 
expression  of  his  private  opinion. 

The  Times'  correspondent  at  Hong  Kong  says  the 
negotiations  between  France  and  China  in  regard  to 
Tonquin,  are  at  a  standstill.  The  general  opinion  seems 
to  be  that  the  aggressive  policy  assumed  by  Challemel- 
Lacour,  and  the  appointment  of  Tricou  as  French 
Minister  to  China,  were  unfortunate  circumstances,  and 
that  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  difficulty  is  impossible. 
The  Chinese  consider  that  the  French  are  determined 
upon  the  annexation  of  Annam,  and  that  they  desire 
to  quarrel  with  China.  The  French  will  be  unable  to 
operate  until  the  lllh  month.  The  unhealthy  season 
is  affecting  the  young  men  among  the  French  troops, 
and  the  hospitals  are  inadequate  to  accommodate  the 
sick. 

Mount  Vesuvius  is  in  a  state  of  eruption.  Lava  is 
descending  from  the  crater  in  the  direction  of  the  town 
of  Torre  del  Greco  at  the  southwest  foot  of  the  moun- 
tain. The  inhabitants  of  To.-ro  .)-.'  a-—  ;ue  neeing 
io  places  oi  saiety. 

The  Italian  Minister  of  Public  Works  having  or- 
dered liquid  lime  to  be  poured  over  the  ruins  of  Cassa- 
micciola  to  counteract  the  effluvia  from  the  decomposing 
bodies,  victims  of  the  earthquake,  the  order  was  not 
carried  into  effect  on  account  of  the  suspicion  that  some 
of  the  victims  were  still  alive.  On  the  4th  instant  a 
child  was  rescued  alive  from  the  ruins,  after  an  im- 
prisonment of  seven  days.  Another  earthquake  was 
felt  the  same  afternoon  at  the  towns  of  Forio  and  Ischia. 
King  Humbert  has  visited  the  island  and  shown  much 
sympathy  with  the  sufferers.  Queen  Victoria  has  sent 
a  telegram  to  King  Humbert  tendering  her  sympathy 
with  the  Italian  people  over  the  recent  catastrophe  in 
Ischia.  King  Humbert,  in  reply,  has  thanked  the 
Queen  fur  her  sympathy,  saying  that  the  Italians  re- 
gard the  English  with  feelings  of  the  warmest  friend- 
ship. President  Grevey  also  has  telegraphed  his  con- 
dolences to  King  Humbert,  and  has  given  1000  francs 
towards  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  in  Ischia.  The  Cabi- 
net Council  has  donated  3250  francs  for  the  same  pur- 
pose. The  Cologne  Gazette  reports  that  two  German 
artist-i  were  killed  in  the  disaster.  The  same  paper 
estimates  that  80U0  persons  perished  on  the  island. 

The  Jewish  residents  of  Ekaterinoslav,  Russia,  were 
attacked  by  a  mob  on  the  2nd  inst.  The  soldiery  had 
to  be  called  out  to  disperse  the  rioters,  ten  of  whom 
were  killed  and  thirteen  wounded.  The  trouble  was 
caused  by  a  Jew  insulting  a  peasant  woman.  The  town 
council  of  Ekaterinoslav  has  resolved  to  give  the  Jews 
five  thousand  roubles  to  compensate  them  for  their 
losses  and  to  provide  shelter  for  those  who  were  ren- 
dered homeless. 

The  bush  fires  on  Vancouver's  Island  and  in  British 


Troth,  N.  J.,  S2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joel  Wilson,  Agent, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Ruth  A.  Hamed  and  Isaac 
C.  Stokes,  $2  each,  vol.  57 ;  from  Charles  Darnell  and 
Mannadtike  S.  Pancoast,  N.  J.,  $2.10  each,  vol.  57  ; 
from  John  W.  Biddle,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  William 
Biddle,  Samuel  Bi.idle,  Joseph  J.  Walton  and  George 
"  "I  each,  vol. 


Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  not 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 


57  ;   from   Alice  H.  Carter,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;   from 

George    W.    Brown,    City,    $2,    vol.  57;    from   Henrv 

Palmer,  Pa.,  §2,  vol.  57;  from  Richard   Buzby,  N.  J., 

$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Gaynor  P.  Burgess,  O.,  $4.10,  vols. 

56  and  57  ;  from  Amy  H.  Nicholson,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 

from   Jacob    Roberts,    Pa.,   $2,    vol.    57  ;    from    Isaac 

Heacock,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Sarah  E.  Evans,  N.  J.,   Philadelphia,  where  applications   from   teacl 

$2,  vol.  57;  from   Joseph   L.  Bailey,   Pa.,  $2,   vol.  57,  ling  situations,  and  committees  who  desire 


A  teacher  is  wanted  for  West  Grove  Preparative 
Meeting  School,  for  the  coming  term.  For  further  in- 
formation, call  on  or  address  Zebedee  Haines,  West 
Grove,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 


anil  for  .Sarah  Bailey,  Cotnlv  B.  Shoemaker,  and  Surah 


NOTICE  TO  TEACH  ICES,  PARK  NTS  AND 

OTHERS. 
The  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Educition  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St., 
s   wish- 
employ 


K.  Whitacre,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ann  Satterthwaite, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Mary  Jane  Satterthwaite, 
Mich.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  Ann  Wiggins,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  William  Archut,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Henry  R.  Woodward,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol  57;  from  AnnaT. 
Hancock,  City,  #2,  vol.  57;  from  Phebe  R.Gifford,  R.  I., 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Phebe  J.  Steadman,  Kans.,  per  Mary  froIU  Philadelphia 
Lamborn,  $2.10,  vol.57;  from  Samuel  Nicholson,  N.J., 
$2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Charles  II.  Shoemaker,  Ind.,  $2.10, 
vol.  57;  from  Lydia  Lee,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jacob 
Parvin,  Pa.,  $2,  to  No.  8,  vol.  58;  from  Mary  H.  Pen- 
nell,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  John  Hill,  N.  Y,  »a, 
vol.  57  ;  for  Amos  Evens.  Joo„Fh  K.  evens,  and  J. 
TVi.r.i-1.  Cui.K,  iv.  j.,  and  John  B.  Jones,  Kans.,  £2, 
each,  vol.57;  from  Samuel  Allen,  City,  $2,  vol.57; 
from  Martha  Miekle,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  John 
Woolman,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ambrose  Smith,  Citv, 
$2,  vol.  57;  from  Lewis  Passmore,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  arid 
for  Mary  Ann  Sharpless,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Allen  R. 
Pharo,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  S.  Pearson,  Pa.,  $2,  vol. 
57;  from  Isaiah  Kirk,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Asenath 
H.  Clayton,  Can.,  $2.10,  vol.  57 ;  from  Stephen  A.  Webb, 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Watson  W.  Dewees,  Westtown, 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jacob  Edge,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
Caroline  Ash,  Rebecca  V.  Pugh,  and  Joseph  Harrison, 
$2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Anna  Thomas  and  Howard  A. 
Miekle,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Esther  A.  Haines 
and  Samuel  Haines,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Sarah 
C.  Gaskell,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Elizabeth  D.  Mere- 
dith, Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Benjamin  Lippincott,  Let- 
tice  Evans,  Sarah  Middleton,  and  Lvdia  Lippincott, 
N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph' Kay,  N.  J.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  Sarah  L.  North,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
Jane  De  Con,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Levi  I.  Hoopes, 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  E.  Darnell,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol. 
57;  for  John  Vail  and  Anna  B.  Holloway,  Io.,  per  B. 
Vail,  *2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Sarah  P.  Johnson,  Gtn., 
$2,  vol.  57;  from  Alice  M.  Fowler,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  John  M.  Sager,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Anne  W. 
Leeds,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Samuel  Conard,  Pa.,  !?2, 
vol.  57;  from  Sarah  Lloyd,  City,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
Klizabeth  S.  Field,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  j  from  Jonathan 
Chaee,  R.  I.,  $2,  vol.57',  and  for  Asenath  Bnffinton,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  Sarah  Hoopes,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
John  Hoopes,  S2,  vol.  57;  from  Peter  Thomson,  Gin., 
$2,  vol.  57;  from  Elisha  A.  Griffith,  N.  Y.,  *2,  vol.57; 
from  Klizabeth  Hunt,  ().,  $2,  vol.57;  from  Mary  N. 
Griffith,  Va.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Joshua  T.  Ballinger, 
Agent,  Pa.,   per  Gilbert   Cope,  Mary  and   Edith   For, 


teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 


Please  give  address,  and  full  particuh 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice  the  Stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  M.  trains 

convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


FRIENDS'  SELECT  SCHOOLS. 
A  woman  Friend,  an  experienced  teacher,  is  wanted 
to  have  charge  of  the  Northern  Primary  School  for 
boys  and  girls;  to  enter  upon  her  duties  in  the  Ninth 
month.  Application  may  be  made  to  either  of  the  un- 
dersigned : 

Edward  Maris,  M.  D.,  1106  Pine  St., 
Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  No.  8  North  Front  St., 
Elizabeth  C.  Lowry,  1114  Pine  St , 
Anna  W.  Lippincott,  460  North  Seventh  St. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TQNESASSA. 
Wanted,   a  woman   Friend  to  assist  the  Matron  in 
household  duties.     Apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  street, 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna., 
Ephraira  Smith,  1110  Pine  street. 


Died,  at  her  residence,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  4th 
mo.  15th,  1883,  Hannah  P.  Smith,  wife  of  George  D. 
Smith,  in  the  75th  year  of  her  age,  a  member  and  elder 
of  Cincinnati  Monthly  Meeting. 

,  on  the  10th  of  7th  month,  1883,  Hannah  J. 

Newhall,  wife  of  the  late  Paul  W.  Newhall,  aged 
eighty  years,  a  beloved  member  of  Philadelphia 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.  "Blessed  are  the  pure 
in  bean,  for  they  shall  see  God."  "  They  shall  hunger 
no  more,  neither  thirst  any  more;  neither  shall  the  sun 
light  on  them  nor  any  heat.  For  the  Lamb  which  is 
in  the  midst  of  the  throne  shall  feed  them,  and  shall 
lead  them  unto  living  fountains  of  waters;  and  God 
shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  their  eyes." 

,  at  his  residence,  near  Mooiestown,  N.  J.,  on  the 

28th  of  7th  mo.  18S3,  I'.i  n.iamin  li.  Leeds,  in  the  57th 
year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  Westfield  Particular,  and 
Chester  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends. 


WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  EIGHTH  MONTH  IS,  1SS3. 


NO.    2. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 

Price,  if  paid  in  advance,  82.00  per  annum ;  if  not  paid 

in  advance  $2.50. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  TJP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  front  page  2.) 

Letter  from  S.  Hillman. 

"  Philadelphia,  1840. 

Deal-  friend  and  brother, — Thy  tender  re- 
membrancer was  received  duly,  and  caused  a 
feeling  of  thankfulness  to  arise  in  my  heart, 
in  which  the  living  children  of  our  Heavenly 
Father  do  participate  with  each  other,  in  suf- 
fering or  in  rejoicing,  and  are  enabled  to  bear 
according  to  their  different  degrees  of  experi- 
ence, one  another's  burdens,  and  so  fulfil  the 
law  of  Christ.  Ah  !  the  burdens  of  this  day 
are  neither  few  nor  light ;  and  were  it  not  that 
in  unutterable  mercy,  the  Divine  Arm  is  made 
bare  from  season  to  season,  for  the  help  of  the 
poor,  feeble,  trembling  disciples  as  in  former 
times,  some  there  are,  such  as  thy  little  sister, 
had  fainted  ere  this  day.  Yea,  'we  had 
fainted,  unless  we  had  believed  to  see  the 
goodness  of  the  Lord  in  the  land  of  the  living.' 
But  the  truth  of  the  testimony  is  sealed  in  the 
experience  of  the  true  Israel  of  God,  that  no 
'weapon  that  is  formed  against  them  shall  pros- 
per, and  every  tongue  that  shall  rise  against 
them  in  judgmentsnall  becondemned.'  Thisis 
still  the  heritage  of  the  servants  of  tbo  Lord, 
because  their  righteousness  is  of  Him.  Why 
then  should  we  fear?  Why  should  we  weakly 
east  away  the  shield  of  faith  as  though  it  had 
not  been  anointed  with  oil  ?  Let  us  sink  deep 
in  the  spirit  of  our  minds  to  the  Divine  gift, 
not  looking  so  much  at  the  difficulties  that 
cross  our  path,  as  at  the  glorious  end  of  our 
faith,  the  prize  to  be  won,  the  crown  in  store; 
then  shall  we  know  indeed  the  power  of  an 
endless  life,  yea  feel  that  the  name  of  the 
Lord  is  a  strong  tower,  and  with  the  right- 
eons  run  into  it  and  find  safety,  when  all 
around  us  speaks  trouble. 

Notwithstanding  it  is  a  day  of  treading 
down,  and  of  perplexity,  a  day  in  which  many 
of  the  standard-bearers  have  fainted,  and  the 
trees  of  the  Lord's  forest  seem  few,  so  that  a 
little  child  may  write  them;  and  it  is  very 
evident  His  command  concerning  Amalek  has 
not  been  fulfilled,  but  instead  thereof  Agag, 
the  very  king,  seems  to  rule  at  seasons  as  on 
his  throne,  I  cannot  but  believe  we  shall  live 
to  see  a  brighter  day,  a  day  wherein  He  who 
sitteth  in  the  Heavens  will  arise  in  the  might 
of  his  own  power,  and  set  his  poor  in  safety 
from  him  that  puffeth  at  him,  yea,  '  turn 
again  our  captivity  as   the   streams  in  the 


south.'  For  the  Lord  hath  founded  Zion,  and 
the  poor  of  his  people  shall  trust  in  it.  Then 
shall  this  song  be  sung  again:  'We  have  a 
strong  city  :  salvation  hatlAiod  appointed  for 
walls  and  bulwarks.  Open  ye  the  gates  that 
the  righteous  nation  which  keepeth  the  truth 
may  enter  in.'  Ah!  then  under  all  thy  dis- 
couragements, secluded  as  thou  art  in  mercy 
in  the  back  side  of  the  desert,  keep  fast  hold 
of  thy  covenant,  and  of  the  precious  shield  of 
faith,  and  thou  wilt  be  kept  in  perfect  peace. 
Tby  poor  friend  seems  set  as  a  mark  for  the 
arrows,  nevertheless  I  murmur  not.  I  know 
in  whom  1  have  believed,  and  thus  far  He  has 
helped  me,  to  his  praise  be  it  spoken,  covered 
my  head  in  the  day  of  battle,  and  strength- 
ened me  with  might  by  his  Spirit,  so  that  the 
adversary  has  not  gained  the  ascendency. 
To  his  holy  care  and  keeping  I  desire  to  com- 
mend thee,  with  my  own  soul;  and  remain 
thy  affectionate,  sympathizing  friend  in  gos- 
pel bonds,  S.  Hillman." 

"  8th  mo.  2nd. — First-day. — A  good  day. 
At  meeting  1113-  dear  sister  M.  M.  Sheppard 
appeared  in  prayer,  her  second  appearance  in 
the  way  of  the  ministry.  Our  good  Shepherd 
was  near,  affording  evidence  that  He  was  still 
watching  over  his  children  for  good,  and 
mercifully  disposed  to  afford  us  of  the  rich 
treasures  of  his  kingdom,  as  we  are  only  will- 
ing to  seek  unto  Him.  My  heart  has  been 
tendered  and  eontrited  before  Him;  and  1 
have  remembered  with  some  degree  of  feel- 
ing, the  expression  of  the  Psalmist:  'I  will 
run  the  way  of  thy  commandments,  when 
thou  shalt  enlarge  my  heart.'  Has  He  not 
enlarged  my  heart  of  late  to  see  wondrous 
things  out  of  his  law,  to  understand  his  sta- 
tutes? O  may  there  be  more  dedication; 
more  fervency  and  watchfulness  of  spirit  ; 
that  partaking  of  the  sincere  milk  of  the  word, 
I  may  grow  thereby." 

To  M.  JL  S. 

"Solebury,  Bucks  Co.,  10th  mo.  12th,  1840. 
Dear  M. — I  take  pen  in  hand  to  tell  thee 
we  are  still  detained  here,  on  account  of  the 
extreme  illness  of  our  beloved  and  honored 
father,*  who  is  considered  in  a  very  critical 
situation.  *  *  *  Thou  mayest  suppose  it 
is  an  anxious  time,  and  the  great  distance  of 
our  habitation  from  here,  makes  it  difficult 
for  us  to  think  of  leaving  him  while  in  this 
afflicted  condition,  attended  with  great  un- 
certainty as  to  the  end,  which  may  be  close 
at  hand  ;  though  I  may  acknowledge  for  my 
own  part,  I  cannot  but  entertain  the  hope 
that  a  life  so  valuable  to  his  family  and  to  the 
church,  may  yet  be  spared  a  while  longer.  I 
do  not  think  he  has  said  any  thing  to  enable 
us  to  judge  exactly  how  he  feels  respecting 

*  John  Comfort,  an  elder,  died  at  his  residence,  Sole- 
bury,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  Tenth  mo.  20th,  1840.  An  obitu- 
ary of  him — see  "  The  Friend,"  vol.  14,  p.  32— con- 
cludes with  the  Scripture  :  "  Mark  the  perfect  man,  and 
behold  the  upright,  for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace." 


the  issue  himself.  I  doubt  not,  that  let  it  be 
as  it  will,  the  end  will  be  well  as  regards  his 
own  state.  He  seems  preserved  in  great  quiet- 
ness, and  his  mind  centered  in  that  which  is 
the  suro  support  of  the  righteous  in  the  hour 
of  extremity.  Ho  says  veiy  little,  owing  in 
part  to  a  difficulty  he  finds  in  conversing  ;  be 
told  me  the  other  day,  it  distressed  him  to 
speak,  or  he  should  often  mingle  in  conversa- 
tion. 

Finder  these  circumstances,  it  is  uncertain 
when  we  may  again  get  home;  but  are  en- 
deavoring to  be  patient,  and  I  hope  seeking 
for  resignation  to  whatever  ma}'  be  dispensed. 
I  feel  tried  beyond  what  I  can  express,  at  the 
prospect  of  parting  with  such  an  one,  at  such 
a  time.  I  have  felt  as  though  /should  truly 
lose  a  father,  and  a  kindly  interested  friend; 
and  the  church  a  pillar,  whose  place  may  not 
soon  be  supplied.  But  being  assured  that  not 
a  sparrow  falls  to  the  ground  without  our 
Heavenly  Father's  notice,  we  must  leave  the 
issue  in  his  hands,  and  acknowledge  that  all 
his  works  are  wrought  in  wisdom. 

Our  uncle  Ezra  Comfort*  has  been  here  for 
a  week  past,  and  forthese  few  days,  I  have  been 
full}-  occupied  with  nursing  him.  *  *  *  The 
thought  of  parting  with  such  men,  may  well 
arouse  in  us  who  are  younger,  feelings  of  seri- 
ous sadness;  and  the  inquiry  may  well  bo 
raised  in  us,  as  to  how  far  we  are  coming  up 
in  faithfulness  in  our  respective  allotments  ? 
and  whether  we  are  bending  our  nocks  to 
that  yoke  they  have  borne  ?  and  prepared  to 
participate,  according  to  our  measures,  in  tbo 
sufferings  of  Christ  for  his  body's  sake,  which 
is  the  Church. 

My  thoughts  are  often  turned  towards  you 
at  Greenwich,  and  towards  thee,  my  dear 
sister,  especially :  with  desires  that  we  may 
know  our  '  place  of  defence  to  be  the  munition 
of  rocks,'  and  that  in  all  our  afflictions  and 
baptisms  we  may  be  enabled  still  to  trust  in 
Him  who  has  hitherto  helped  us.  With  much 
love  to  thyself,  and  the  rest  of  your  family, 
with  thy  brother  J.  and  wife,  I  remain  truly 
thy  affectionate  friend  W.  S." 

To  the  same. 

"Millvilie,  11th  mo.  1st,  1840. 
My  Dear  Sister, — My  mind  has  been  so 
afflicted  at  times  since  we  sat  together  the 
other  evening  at  thy  father's,  with  tender 
feelings  of  solicitude  on  thy  account,  that  I 
seem  to  feel  more  than  a  freedom  to  drop  a 
few  lines  to  thee,  if  it  may  in  any  degree  tend 
to  thy  encouragement  in  the  tribulated  and 
conflicting  path  which  I  believe  thou  art  called 
to  walk  in,  and  which  at  times  seems  en- 
veloped in  clouds  of  impenetrable  difficulty 
and  trial.     I  remembered  in  meeting  on  Fifth- 

*  Ezra  Comfort,  a  minister,  residing  at  Plymouth, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  deceased  the  29th  of  Eighth 
month,  1S47,  in  the  71st  year  of  his  age.  He  was  wit- 
ness to  two  painful  conflicting  seasons  in  our  Society. 
On  the  bed  of  death  he  predicted  the  approach  of 
brighter  davs.  For  obituary  notice  of  him,  see  "  The 
Friend,"  vol.  21,  p.  5. 


10 


THE    FRIEND. 


day,  the  circumstance  of  Jonathan  visiting 
David  in  the  wood,  when  Saul  was  pursuing 
and  hunting  him,  and  he  was  under  circum- 
stances of  extraordinary  peril  and  distress. 
It  is  said  that  Jonathan,  'strengthened  his 
hand  in  God.'  I  would  fain  be  the  means  of 
thus  strengthening  thee.  I  do  believe  it  is 
the  fervent  travail  and  exercise  of  thy  spirit 
to  be  made  acquainted  with  God,  to  know 
such  a  conformity  to  his  blessed  will,  as  to 
qualify  thee  for  partaking  of  the  rich  rewards 
of  his  heavenly  kingdom  ;  and  I  trust  the 
desire  is  increasingly  felt,  that  that  which 
has  hitherto  hindered  may  bo  taken  out  of 
the  way,  and  a  qualification  experienced  to 
follow  the  Lord  in  the  way  of  bis  leadings; 
and  if  so  to  be  made  instrumental  for  the 
help  of  others.  O  my  dear  sister,  this  is  a 
precious  state  to  be  in  ;  and  whatever  doubts, 
and  conflicts,  and  trials  may  attend  it,  the 
Lord's  blessing  is  to  that  seeking,  hungering, 
thirsting  soul,  that  is  not  satisfied  short  of 
a  participation  in  his  immaculate  purity.  I 
cannot  well  convey  the  sense  of  inward  sym- 
pathy with  thee,  into  which  my  heart  is  in- 
troduced as  I  write.  The  measure  meted  to 
thee  is  of  the  same  nature  as  that  of  which 
my  soul  has  partaken,  and  thy  difficulties 
and  trials  I  can  well  understand.  I  have  not 
the  least  doubt  they  are  designed  for  thy 
benefit ;  and  I  have  fervently  desired  thou 
mightcst  be  strengthened  so  to  abide  under 
the  chastising  hand,  that  the  end  assuredly 
in  view  by  thy  Heavenly  Father  may  be  fully 
attained,  and  thou  become  a  true-born  child  of 
his  own  preparing.  I  believe  thou  hast  been 
favored  to  see  in  some  degree  already,  the 
happy  effects  of  the  Lord's  subduing  power, 
when  exercised  in  a  way  very  trying  to  the 
ereaturo  ;  and  thou  raayest  be  assured  that 
whatever  He  permits  to  come  upon  thee,  will 
be  for  the  best :  and  though  his  designs  may 
be  shrouded  as  it  were  in  a  cloud  of  distress, 
and  it  may  seem  as  though  the  dispensation 
might  be  for  the  worse  instead  of  the  better, 
yet  by  and  by  the  fruits  of  increased  stability 
and  strength  in  the  Christian  walk  and  war- 
fare, will  evince  to  thee  with  clearness,  that 
He  doeth  all  things  well. 

We  were  speaking  somewhat  the  other 
evening  of  attainment — to  a  degree  of  stability 
being  experienced,  in  which  the  soul  is  not 
tossed  to  and  fro  with  temptations  and  doubts. 
I  believe  in  this,  but  still  this  fearing  state  is 
a  very  safe  one;  and  I  apprehend  that  while 
encompassed  with  mortal  frailty,  we  shall 
always  have  occasion,  when  enabled  to  re- 
joice a  little  in  the  Lord's  presence,  to  rejoice 
with  fear  and  trembling. 

I  sometimes  look  at  myself,  when  thus 
writing  to  thee,  and  am  ready  to  ask  why 
it  should  bo  thus,— that  one  who  feels  him- 
self as  is  were  halting  at  every  step,  should 
thus  attempt  to  communicato  help  to  others; 
and  my  soul  is  ready  to  sink  in  discourage- 
ment at  its  own  weakness,  when  a  work  so 
weighty  is  presented  before  it :  but  having  ob- 
tained mercy  to  be  found'  in  a  small  degreo 
faithful,  and  having  in  measure  reaped  the 
reward  of  dedication,  my  soul  overflows  with 
desires,  that  thou  my  beloved  sister  as  well 
as  others,  may  be  strengthened  by  that  good 
hand,  that  never  faileth  to  put  forward  the 
work  of  the  day.  That  thou  mayost  bo  en- 
gaged 'to  watch  in  all  things,  endure  afflic- 
tions, do  the  work  of  an  evangelist,'  and  in 
due  season,  'make  full  proof  of  thy  ministry.' 

0  !  let  us  not  be  ashamed  of  the  gospel  of 


Christ,  Let  us  be  patient  under  the  dispensa- 
tions which  may  be  allotted  ;  and  in  all  our 
afflictions,  keep 'the  eye  of  faith  secretly  but 
steadily  fixed  on  the  Captain  of  our  salvation  ; 
who  in  his  own  time  will  deliver  us,  will  ri 
us  as  it  were  from  the  dunghill,  and  set  us 
with  princes,  even  with  the  princes  of  the 
people. 

*  *  *  How  important  is  it,  that  our 
own  spirits  should  be  subjected  ;  that  the 
honor  of  Truth  should  be  our  first  desire;  and 
that  the  wisdom  and  policy  of  the  world 
should  be  kept  out  of  sight,  among  a  people 
professing  to  act  under  the  influence  and 
guidance  of  the  light  of  Christ  Jesus,  the 
blessed  Head  of  the  church.  *  *  *  When 
we  see  things  proposed,  calculated  to  mar 
the  harmony  of  Society,  and  impede  the  pro- 
gress of  Truth  ;  when  human  policy  is  set 
forth  as  a  sufficient  motive  for  action  in  the 
church.  I  may  acknowledge  I  see  no  other 
way,  unless  we  abandon  the  cause,  than  to 
stand  for  its  defence.  My  tears  have  been 
shed  upon  my  pillow,  that  there  should  be 
occasion  for  trials  of  this  kind  ;  and  I  must 
leave  the  matter  for  the  present,  and  trust 
whatever  is  permitted  to  happen,  may  be  for 
the  best.  I  feel  more  and  more  earnestly  de- 
sirous, that  such  amongst  us  as  may  be  engaged 
to  hold  up  this  exalted  standard,  upon  which 
through  unutterable  mercy  I  trust  our  eyes 
have  been  fixed,  may  be  diligently  watchful 
over  our  own  spirits,  and  seek  to  show  forth 
out  of  a  good  conversation,  our  works  with 
meekness  of  wisdom.  That  by  a  solid  religious 
exercise  prevailing  in  our  hearts,  we  may  give 
no  occasion  to  any  'to  accuse  our  conversa- 
tion in  Christ.' 

With  much  love  and  tender  desires  for  thy 
help,  I  remain  thj'  brother  W.  S. 

P.  S.  I  have  thought  since  writing  the 
above,  it  might  bo  well  to  observe,  that  Jona- 
than, in  strengthening  his  friend's  hand,  did 
not  do  it  with  promise  or  expectations  of 
what  he  could  do  for  him,  but  in  reference 
to  that,  which  alone  could  help,  effectually 
strengthened  his  hand  in  God.  I  greatly  de- 
sire that  this  may  be  thine  and  my  own  un- 
failing refuge  ;  and  whilst  permitted  at  seasons 
to  mingle  in  Christian  sympathy  one  with 
another,  we  may  be  engaged  to  have  our 
whole  dependence  upon  Him, the  Shepherd 
and  Bishop  of  our  souls.  I  assuredly  believe 
that  Ho  that  puts  forth,  still  continues  to  go 
before  ;  and  though  we  may  have  to  follow 
through  many  conflicts,  yet  in  his  own  time 
He  leads  his  children  into  green  pastures,  and 
maketh  them  lie  down  beside  still  waters. 
W.  S." 

(To  be  continued.) 


From  the  "  British  Friend." 

Notes  by  George  Pitt  on  a  late  Tour  in  Russia, 
including  Finland,  Poland,  and  the  Salt 
Ilines. 

(Continued  from  page  5.) 

St.  Petersburg  has  several  remarkable  ca- 
thedrals; one,  St.  Kazan,  containing  inside  5(1 
polished  marble  columns  52  feet  high,  each 
from  a  single  block  of  marble.  The  floors, 
too,  are  of  highly  polished  marble;  but  the 
greatest  wonder  is  the  balustrade,  with  pillars 
20  feet  high,  beams,  picture  frames,  &c,  before 
the  sanctuary,  all  of  which  are  solid  silver — 
a  present  from  the  Cossacks  after  the  earn 
paigns  of  1813-14.  But  above  all  others,  St. 
Isaac's  Cathedral  is  the  most  remarkable,  lis 
dome,  in  shape  like  our  St.  Paul's,  is  296  feet 
high,  and  is  gilded  on  copper.     For  the  gild- 


ing of  this  dome  14  bushels  of  gold  ducats! 
were  melted  down.  It  has  four  fronts,  con- 1 
taining,  together  112  pillars  GO  feet  high  and] 
21  feet  round.  It  is  near  the  Winter  Palace,! 
and  is  the  most  elevated  and  conspicuous  ob-j 
ject  in  the  city.  We  could  very  plainly  re-  J 
cognise  it  at  Cronstadt,  IS  miles  away.  From  J 
its  summit  every  street  and  object  in  the  city 
and  suburbs  is  clearly  seen,  as  in  a  map. 

The  river  Neva,  on  which  the  city  is  built, 
is  about  the  width  of  our  Thames,  or  a  little 
more,  and  is  crossed,  some  three  miles  apart, 
by  two  permanent  bridges,  the  Nicholas  and  > 
Alexander  (named  after  the  emperors  w" 
built  them),  besides  temporary  bridges  of 
boats. 

After  a  day  or  two  here,  when  the  novelty 
wears  off,  you  would  think,  by  the  dress  and  ; 
manners  of  the  people,  you  were  in  London,  J 
or  any  other  English  city,  such  is  the  effect 
of  Western  fashions,  which  pi'evail  and  spread 
rapidly  over  the  civilized  world,  so  much  that 
peculiarities  are  the  exception. 

The  military  element  exeeedinglj'  prevails 
in  Russia,  and  is  "writ  large,"  especially  in  St. 
Petersburg.*  There  are  barracks  and  military 
buildings  everywhere.  You  are  never  out  of 
sight  of  soldiers;  the  drosky,  the  tram,  the 
boat,  the  train,  abound  with  them.  It  is 
soldiers!  soldiers!  soldiers  everywhere!  It 
sickens  and  disgusts  j'ou. 

They  adopt  a  plan  in  Russia  of  double  doors 
and  windows,  so  as  by  keeping  one  shut  while 
the  other  is  opened,  to  prevent  the  rush  of 
cold  air  coming  in  and  chilling  the  atmos- 
phere in  winter,  which  is  severe.  They  often 
go  so  far  as  to  paste  the  windows  and  joints 
up  in  winter,  and  not  open  them  at  all.  All 
very  well ;  but  we  slept  at  Helsingfors  in  a 
large  room  where  the  windows  were  thus 
sealed  up,  and  were  both  affected  with  severe 
headache  and  oppression,  like  the  beginning 
of  suffocation,  and  had  to  rise  in  the  night, 
make  some  tea,  and  open  the  door. 

Their  railway  carriages  also  have  double 
doors  and  windows,  and  are  generally  on  the 
saloon  principle,  like  the  American,  opening 
at  the  ends  instead  of  sides. 

There  are  but  few  newspapers,  and  those 
few  are  so  small  and  dear,  and  the  type  so 
large,  that  a  full  copy  of  our  London  Times 
or  Telegraph  would  appear  to  contain  more 
matter  than  all  the  newspapers  in  St.  Peters- 
burg (or  in  Moscow)  put  together. 

A  few  words  on  the  history  and  origin  of 
St.  Petersburg  may  not  be  out  of  place  here. 
Although  the  present  grand  capital  of  I'ussia, 
it  was  not  always  so.  In  1703  it  was  a  morass, 
a  marshy  flat  waste,  occupied  only  by  a  few 
fishermen,  living  in  huts. 

Peter  the  Great,  who  was  born  in  the 
Kremlin  at  Moscow,  which  was  then  and  had 
for  centuries  been  the  ancient  capital  of  Rus- 
sia, conceived  the  idea,  when  a  youth,  of  ex- 
tending his  country  by  subjecting  rival  nations 
and  annexing  neighboring  countries, specially 
those  having  access  by  water.  To  do  this 
he  needed  a  fleet,  naval  depots,  harbors,  ports, 
and  fortresses.  To  understand  shipbuilding 
he  came  as  an  artizan  to  Holland  and  to  Eng- 
land, and  worked  in  our  Deptford  Dockyard, 
and  was  much  interested  in  Friends,  allend- 
ng  their  meeting  at  Deptford.  William  Penn 
eft  interested  in  him,  ami  wrote  him  a  letter 
of  counsel  and  advice. 

In  1704,  when  about  32  years  of  age,  ho 
began  maturing  hia'plans  by  selecting  this 
pot  for  the  foundation  of  his   new  imperial 


THE    FRIEND. 


11 


city,  to  be  called  after  his  name,  Peter's- 
Burgb.  It  belonged  to  tbe  Swedes.  As  a 
captain  of  grenadiers  be  drove  the  Swedes 
from  their  fortress  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva, 
cut  down  the  forests  on  its  dreary  islands, 
and  commenced  a  fortress.  To  do  tin's  he  had 
to  elevate  the  island  with  dirt  and  stone 
brought  from  other  places  before  building  his 
fortress.  The  labor  was  so  great  that  40,000 
men  worked  at  one  time,  whom  he  ordered 
;up  from  different  parts — soldiers,  Swedish 
prisoners,  Ingrians,  Tartars,  and  Calmucks, 
who  had  to  labor  with  their  bare  bands  for 
digging,  and  without  pickaxes,  spades,  or 
other  instruments,  lying  on  the  damp  ground 
in  the  open  air,  often  unable  in  such  a  wilder- 
■Ma  to  get  their  daily  meals.  Yet  in  spite  of 
all  this  the  work  proceeded  amaziugly  fast,  so 
that  in  four  months  the  fortress  was  completed. 

This  fortress  still  exists,  together  with  the 
very  hut  occupied  by  Peter  the  Great  near 
by,  with  its  original  furniture,  carefully  en- 
closed in  another  building,  and  shown  as  an 
object  of  great  interest  and  veneration.  This 
hut  and  fortress  are  just  opposite  the  Winter 
Palace,  on  the  other  side  of  tbe  river.  Thus 
began  St.  Petersburg,  which  is  said  now  to 
equal  for  magnificence  Rome  in  all  its  glory. 

Having  seen  all  we  cared  for  we  passed  "ii 
to  Moscow  by  rail — over  400  miles  E.  by  S. — 
more  into  the  centre  of  Russia,  chiefly  through 
pine  forests,  noticing  the  flat  and  dreary 
character  of  the  entire  country.  It  was  a  23 
hours'  run  bjr  train,  which,  on  account  of  tbe 
coming  coronation,  was  crowded  to  excess. 
Every  now  and  then  were  to  be  seen  parties 
of  soldiers  living  in  very  small  canvas  camps 


That  cloud — that  power  is  education.  Give 
a  man  knowledge,  you  give  him  political 
power.  He  will  not  return  to  slavery  and 
oppression  again — he  will  demand  fair  repre- 
sentation, and  see  that  he  gets  it  too. 

I  do  not  advocate  education.  People  are 
no  nearer  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  because  of 
their  education.  If  it  was  necessary  to  sal- 
vation, why  did  our  Saviour  choose  ignorant 
men,  and  poor  men,  and  fishermen  for  his  dis- 
ciples? Why  was  it  that  the  wise,  learned 
and  prudent  received  Him  not  nor  his  gospel  ? 
I  only  say — there  is  of  late  a  mighty  power  let 
loose  and  gone  forth  in  the  world,  and  made 
imperative  by  act  of  parliament.  That  power 
is  education.  It  is  spreading  like  wild-fire. 
In  another  generation  it  will  penetrate  so- 
called  Holy  Russia — autocracy  must  then 
yield  to  democracy,  or  be  doomed.  Already 
it  is  knocking  at  their  door. 

Nihilists,  whom  I  abhor,  have  their  head- 
quarters at  St.  Petersburg,  because  that  city 
has  by  its  nautical  position  greater  access  to 
the  outer  world,  and  because  Nihilist  leaders 
engerally  arise  from  the  students  or  educated 
men. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

Paul  says  he  took  pleasure  in  infirmities,  in 
reproaches,  in  persecutions,  in  distresses  for 
Christ's  sake;  for  when  I  am  weak,  then  am 
I  strong.  When  he  was  made  weak  in  the 
fleshly  nature,  then  he  became  strong  in  the 
Spirit.  It  was  not  till  the  angel  of  God  had 
weakened  the  fleshly  part  in  Jacob,  that  he 
prevailed,  and  received  the  blessing  of  God, 
and  a  new  name.  And  if  we  would  be  strong 
in  the  Lord,  so  as  to  prevail,  we  must  first 
witness  the  fleshly  nature  in  us  to  be  subdued 
or  made   weak,   by  the  wrestling   angel    or 


T» 


of  the  Lord,  even  though  we  should 


have  to  continue  the  conflict  through  a  long 
night  of  darkness.  But  in  due  season  we 
shall  prevail  if  we,  in  faith,  continue  the  con- 
flict, saying,  in  effect,  with  good  old  Jacob, 
"  I  will  not  let  thee  go  except  thou  bless  me." 
Ami  our  holy  Redeemer  says,  "To  him  that 
overcometh  will  I  grant  to  sit  with  me  on  my 
throne,  even  as  I  also  overcame  and  am  set 
down  with  my  Father  on  his  throne."  "And 
I  will  write  upon  him  my  new  name." 

But  there  appears  to  be  a  strong  tendency 


towards  an  easier  way  to  the  kingdom.    Not 

much    pnnflict.  or  wrestling   for    the    blessing. 


But  I  must  press  on  to  Moscow — the  large 

and  ancient  metropolis  of  Russia,  containing1  much  conflict  or  wrest!     D 

050,000  souls — with   the  famous  Kremlin  in  Not  much  cross-bearing.     Not  much  to  dis 

its  centre  on  a  hill — enclosed  by  a  strong  high '  courage  this  cheap  religion  from  walking  hand 

wall  about  2  miles  round,  and  entered  by  five;  in    hand   with   the   world  in  the  broad  way. 

gates,  evidently  built  before  gunpowder  was  The  torch  of  reason,  and  the  light  of  intellect 

fashionable,  and  rebuilt  on  the  old  lines,  some-1  seem  about  sufficient  to  guide  along  down  the 

what  reminding  us  of  Jerusalem.  I  prevailing  current.     So  the  tendency  appears 

Its  desertion  and  destruction  by  fire  by  the  too  much  in  favor  of  lowering  the  standard 

Russians,  and  its  brief  occupation  b}T  Napo-'of  pure  and  undefiled  religion  to  fit  the  more 

r-  ,leon,  when  30,000  sick  and  wounded  perished  easy  and  popular  worship  of  the  world  "  that 

along  the  railway  to  guard  it  against  any  plot  |  in   the  flames,  and  the  terrible  dismay  Xa-1  lies  in  wickedness." 

ordevieeof  the  Nihilists  against  theemperor's'poleor.  experienced  at  thus  being  foiled  and]      Are  we  ready  to  forsake  our  high  and  dis 


life.  In  a  thousand  miles  transit  through 
Russian  dominions  I  hardly  remember  cross- 
ing a  bridge  or  viaduct  worthy  of  the  name 
— certainly  there  were  no  tunnels— so  flat  is 
its  charactei'. 

Russian  railway  travelling  is  cheap,  the 
average  price  for  3rd  class  being  a  little  over 
one  halfpenny  a  mile  put  into  English.  Gen- 
teel people  who  travel  2nd  or  1st  class  have 
to  pay  for  it,  2nd  class  being  double  the  3rd, 
and  1st  class  three  times  as  much. 

When  we  left  the  capital  cities  we  noticed 
painfully  the  marked  contrast  between  their 
grandeur  and  the  miserable  huts  or  hovels  of 
the  poor  peasants.  Russia  is  a  place  where 
extremes  meet.  They  are,  as  a  rule,  either 
nobles  or  wretchedly  poor.  There  is  no  mid- 
dle class  to  speak  of,  and  one  cannot  help  re- 
flecting that  if  there  were  a  little  less  earth- 
hunger  on  the  part  of  its  rulers;  if,  instead  of 
spending  their  time,  strength,  and  wealth  in 
keeping  up  an  enormous  army  for  purely  ag- 
gressive purposes  (nobody  wanting  to  inter- 
fere with  them),  they  would  encourage  peace- 
ful occupations — the  cultivation  of  some  of 
the  millions  of  waste  acres  in  their  dominions 
— the  poor  people  would  be  betterfed,  clothed, 
and  housed. 

Russia  is  one  of  the  last  autocratic  powers 
left,  with  a  mighty  empire  and  unreformed 
conservative  tendencies.  Their  governors, 
the  nobles,  may  fancy  they  can  rule  imperi- 
ousl}'  and  tyrannically  in  the  future  as  in  the 
past,  but  they  will  find  there  is  a  cloud  rising 
in  the  west,  at  present  only  like  a  man's  hand 
for  smallness,  yet  it  will  become  a  vast  spread- 
ing power  and  overwhelm  their  schemes  and 
intentions,  and  compel  them  to  give  the  great 
majority — the  poor  man — his  due  and  rights. 


forced  to  retreat,  have  immortalised  the  Krem-J  tinguishing  views  of  the  spirituality  of  true 
lin  in  history.  Christian  worship,  and  thus  lower  that  stand- 

It  has  since  been  rebuilt  and  improved,  and  ard  which  our  forefathers  so  nobly  raised 
contains  a  palace  of  the  emperor  and  three  amidst  the  frowns  and  persecutions ofa  super- 
cathedrals.  One  of  them,  the  Assumption, 'ficial  and  gainsaying  people  ?  Is  there  not  a 
founded  in  1325,  is  very  small,  but  is  the  one  in  tendency  towards  returning  to  the  same  figu- 
which  all  the  Russian  emperors  are  crowned.' rative  and  ceremonial  rites  which  they  wero 
There  is  the  Tower  of  Ivan  Veliske,  270  divinely  called  to  turn  away  from?  They 
feet  high,  rising  above  all  other  objects  in :  boldly  came  forth  and  separated  themselves 
Moscow,  with  34  bells,  the  largest  weighing  from  the  noisy  and  formal  worship  of  the 
50  tons.  Outside  this  there  is  the  Great  Bell,  denominations  around  them,  and  declared, 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  world,  weighing  through  much  tribulation,  that  God  was  a 
about  450,000  lbs.  It  is  broken,  and  the  Spirit,  and  they  that  worship  Him  must  wor- 
broken  piece  left  by  its  side  for  view,  astound-'  ship  Him  in  spirit  and  in  truth.  The  populat- 
ing spectators,  [current  was  strong  against  the  despised  but 
Moscow  also  contains  over  350  churches  faithful  few;  while  many  followed  the  de- 
so-called.  About  nine-tenths  of  the  Russians' ceitful  ways  of  those  who  strove  to  hold  up  a 
are  orthodox  Greek  Christians,  who,  in  their!  more  active  and  impulsive  worship — a  wor- 
tualism  and  superstitions,  seem  to  throw  the'  ship  that  had  less  cross-bearing,  and  which 

took   more   of  the    accomplishments  of  the 


Roman  Catholics  into  the  shade. 

They  have  images  of  the  Saviour,  with 
lamps  burning  in  front  of  the  images,  every 
few  yards,  in  chapels  and  churches  so-called, 
at  every  turn,  at  the  street  corners,  sunk  into 
garden  walls,  in  the  middle  of  bridges,  in  the 
waiting-rooms  at  railway-stations,  and  atother 
places  innumerable,  at  which  the  people  stop, 
bow,  take  off  their  hats,  cross  and  recross,  and 
cross  themselves  again,  until  you  loathe  such 
formality  and  idolatry.  Riding  in  the  trams, 
most  of  tbe  company — men  and  women,  old 
and  young — are  crossing  themselves  at  once, 
and  that  every  two  minutes  or  oftener,  as  one 
of  the  images  is  passed. 

All  this" mummery,  with  the  glitter  and 
parade  at  the  steeple-houses,  j-ou  feel  is  only 
i  system  of  priestcraft  instituted  to  extract 


world,  and  the  pride  of  life  along  with  it. 
Are  not  tbe  worship  and  practice  which  now 
seem  so  largely  to  predominate  in  places, 
and  meet  with  such  great  favor  by  the  im- 
pulsive multitude,  ofa  retrograde  character? 
Is  there  not  more  and  more  of  a  conformity 
to  the  world  and  its  sin-pleasing  ways  ?  Have 
we  turned  away  from  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  the 
lust  of  the  eyes,  and  the  pride  of  life?  Or  are 
we  walking  in  the  broad  way,  with  the  multi- 
tude, that  leads  to  destruction  ?  It  is  far  more 
easy  to  that  flesh  and  blood  that  cannot  enter 
the  kingdom  of  heaven.  So  have  not  some 
of  those  who  once  started  out  under  the  clear 
shining  of  the  true  light,  become  so  exalted 
by  letting  in  self,  as  to  substitute  a  trans- 
formed light  instead  of  the  true  light,  and  thus 
money  from  the  people  under  pious  pretences,  cause  the  people  to  err  and  be  led  off  into  the 
(To  be  concluded.)  I  mists  and  fogs  of  the  barren  wastes  of  an 


12 


THE    FRIEND. 


empty  profession  ?  Have  wo  not  now  those 
amongst  us,  who  in  time  past  entered  the 
strait  and  narrow  way,  and  who  shined  for  a 
season  as  stars  of  the  tirst  magnitude,  but  who 
have  been  led  astray  by  a  strong  desire  for 
the  applause  of  men,  and  have  joined  the  self- 
confident  multitude,  and  become  as  wandering 
stars,  with  a  light  which  "leads  to  bewilder 
and  dazzles  to  blind?"  But  those  who  are 
favored  to  dwell  as  in  the  secret  place  of  the 
Most  High,  will  find  it  a  safe  retreat;  where 
they  can  abide  under  the  protecting  shadow 
of  the  Almighty.  And  not  only  so,  but  they 
will  even  while  here  in  this  state  of  muta- 
bility, enjoy  a  portion  of  that  rest  which  still 
remains  to  the  people  of  God  ;  and  which  is 
a  glorious  foretaste  of  that  rest  which  we 
hopo  to  receive  in  more  full  fruition  when 
this  mortal  shall  bave  put  on  immortality. 

Though  while  we  are  here,  in  this  world  of 
tribulation,  we  may  have  to  walk  through 
solitary  places,  and  appear  to  be,  as  was  said 
of  our  Eedeemer,  despised  and  rejected  of 
men — a  man  of  sorrow  and  acquainted  with 
grief;  yet  if  we  keep  the  word  of  his  patience, 
He  also  will  keep  us  from  the  hour  or  time  of 
temptation  or  trial  which  He  says  shall  come 
upon  all  the  world,  to  try  them  that  dwell  on 
the  earth.  It  is  by  resisting  the  temptations 
of  the  evil  one,  and  following  the  Light,  the 
life,  and  the  power  of  Divine  Grace,  that  we 
are  led  into  a  life  of  holiness,  and  finally  estab- 
lished upon  the  Hock  of  Ages,  so  as  to  become 
pillars  in  the  temple  of  our  God  that  shall  go 
no  more  out.  D.  H. 

Dublin,  Ind.,  7th  mo.  24th,  1883. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Introduction  of  the  Bible  into  Rome. 

(Continued  from  page  3.) 

Now  had  arrived  the  propitious  moment 
for  the  consummation  of  the  longed-for  Italian 
unity,  and  the  people  rose  en  masse,  and  de- 
manded of  Victor  Emanuel  that  he  should 
receive  Rome  into  his  kingdom.  The  papal 
troops  made  but  a  feeble  sbow  of  resistance 
to  his  attacks  on  the  city,  and  in  three  weeks 
from  Napoleon's  capture,  the  array  of  the  king 
took  possession  of  the  city  amid  shouts  of 
welcome  from  the  populace,  who  illuminated 
the  coliseum  and  other  public  buildings  in 
honor  of  the  event,  and  showed  every  sign  of 
exuberant  joy.  In  the  room  devoted  to  the 
busts  of  the  Csesars,  in  the  museum  of  the 
capitol,  a  tablet  was  placed  in  the  most  con 
spicuous  situation  upon  the  walls,  bearing  the 
following  inscription:  "S.  P.  Q.  R.  Vittorio 
Emmanuelo  II.  venuto  la  prima  volta  no' 
sud  Roma,  il  xxxi  Decembre  MDCCCLXX, 
salita  al  campidoglio,  e  da  questa  sale  mon 
strandi  al  popolo  fii  acclamato,  liberatore  ere. 
Pose  questa  memoria  la  Giunta  Municipale." 

This  is  a  remarkable  tablet,  and  may  hand 
down  the  important  historical  fact  that  "Vic 
tin-  Emanuel  having  come  to  his  Rome  for  tin 
first  time,  on  the  30th  of  December,  1870,  as 
cended  the  capitol,  and  in  this  ball,  having 
shown  himself  to  the  people,  was  with  accla 
mation  proclaimed  their  liberator.  Placed 
here  by  the  Municipal  Committee." 

All   offers  of  conciliation  having  been  do 
clinod   by  the   pope,  the   king's  government 
was  obliged   to   lake   bis  future   into   the' 
hands,  and  be  was  permitted  to  reside  in  1 1 
Vatican,  with   jurisdiction  over   the  basilic: 

and    ca lical    residences    in    Koine,  and  was 

ompowcred  to  receive  the  same  amount  from 
the  civil   list  as  before,  or  a  corresponding 


capital  to  invest  within  or  without  the  coun- 
try as  he  might  desire.  He  was  even  to  be  per- 
mitted to  receive  such  ministers  as  were  sent 
to  him  from  any  foreign  court,  and  to  fix  in 
Rome,  all  religious  acts  and  deeds  without 
exception  ;  but  on  the  other  hand,  the  full  ap- 
plication of  the  .State  laws  of  Italy,  as  regard- 
ed religious  corporations,  was  to  be  main- 
tained. The  pope,  however,  declined  to  en- 
dorse these  propositions,  foolishly  believing 
in  his  speedj'  return  to  power.  Alas  !  for  his 
infallibility  thus  put  to  the  test! 

The  acclamations  of  the  people,  their  shouts 
for  joy  over  their  new-found  freedom,  pro- 
claimed that  the  true  weapon  of  Rome's  de- 
liverance would  no  longer  be  chained,  but 
that  the  Bible  would  henceforth  be  a,  free  book 
in  the  bands  of  the  Roman  people,  and  the 
event  has  fulfilled  the  promise. 

Amid  the  exciting  events  which  succeeded 
during  the  time  in  which  Victor  Emanuel's 
power  was  extending  over  Italy,  the  account 
of  the  entrance  of  the  Bible  into  each  town 
that  became  free  to  receive  it,  is  replete  with 
interest.  There  were  doubtless  some  hearts 
in  which  the  Holy  Spirit's  sanctifying  grace 
had  already  caused  its  truths  to'  be  appre- 
ciated, but  many  more  were  impelled  by  curi- 
osity to  see  and  to  possess  a  voiume  that  had 
for  centuries  been  under  ban,  coupled  with 
denunciations  on  the  heads  of  all  who  should 
dare  to  read  it.  These  no  doubt  felt  an  ar- 
dent desire  to  judge  for  themselves  why  it 
had  been  deemed  so  dangerous. 

Among  the  first  to  join  Victor  Emanuel's 
dominions  was  Perugia,  an  outlying  city  of 
the  Papal  States.  Notice  was  given  that  on 
a  certain  day,  the  custom-house  established 
on  this  frontier  would  be  abolished,  and  that 
all  goods  might  pass/ree  into  the  city.  Hith- 
erto Bibles  had  not  been  permitted  to  enter 
on  any  condition.  On  reading  this  proclama- 
tion, a  colporteur  or  Bible  distributor  started 
from  Florence,  hoping  to  enter  Perugia  with 
the  first  free  merchandize.  On  arriving  he 
found  another  Bible  agent,  and  still  a  third, 
each  having  started  with  the  same  intent! 
The  three  joined  forces,  pressed  forward  amid 
the  carts  waiting  near  the  gate,  and  were 
literally,  when  it  was  opened,  the  first  to  carry 
their  goods  through.  The  same  zeal  with  re- 
spect to  Rome  was  manifested  by  the  agents 
of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  who, 
when  the  roj-al  troops  advanced  on  the  city, 
sent  colporteurs  laden  with  Bibles,  to  follow 
the  army  and  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness 
to  enter  as  soon  as  ingress  should  become 
lawful. 

The  narrative  of  the  foremost  of  those  col- 
porteurs is  very  interesting,  but  is  too  long 
for  full  re-production  here.  Having  come  up 
to  the  army,  this  colporteur  and  hisdog-cartof 
Bibles,  were  gladly  welcomed  bj'tho  soldiers, 
though  very  different  was  the  artillery  which 
they  carried.  Other  colporteurs  had  by  this 
time  joined  tho  advancing  army,  and  had  to 
share  the  hardships  of  a  soldier's  life,  con- 
stantly suffering  from  scarcity  of  food  and  the 
absence  of  many  of  life's  necessities,  Early 
one  morning  a  prolonged  shout  of  triumph, 
proceeding  from  the  advanced  body  of  troops, 
rent  tho  air,  a  breach  having  been  made  in 
the  walls  of  the  beleagurod  city,  not  far  from 

the  spot  where  wailed  our  colporteur  and  the 
vanguard  of  the  army.  The  papal  troops,  after 
firing  a  volley,  had  only  loo  willingly  surren- 
dered to  Victor  Emanuel's  arms.  Luraschi, 
the   zealous  colporteur,  hastily  harnessed  his 


Jog  Pio,  and  started  with  his  cargo  of  Bibles 
for  Porta  Pia,  and  happily  was  literally  one 
of  the  tirst  who  stepped  through  the  breach, 
followed  by  Pio  and  his  load. 

No  sooner  had  the  papal  troops  capitulated, 
than  a  large  number  of  citizens  ran  up  the 
steps  of  the  capitol  and  ascending  the  tower, 
were  themselves  the  first  to  hoist  the  Italian 
flag  upon  its  summit.  Three  newspaper 
agents,  who  had  been  among  the  first  to  enter 
Rome  through  the  breach  in  its  walls,  took 
forcible  possession  of  a  printing  office,  in  tho 
name  of  Victor  Emanuel,  and  there  composed 
and  printed  the  first  free  Italian  paper  that 
was  ever  issued  in  Rome  !  The  people  were 
jubilant,  and  "the  odor  of  freedom  seemed  to 
impregnate  the  air,"  and  the  populace  took 
upon  themselves  to  release  the  political  prison- 
ers confined  in  St.  Angelo  and  St.  Michels, 
many  of  whom  had  been  incarcerated  for 
years.  Most  affecting  were  the  scenes  wit- 
nessed in  tho  streets  through  which  they  wero 
led,  as  friends  met  friends  and  rushed  into 
each  other's  arms,  shedding  tears  over  prema- 
turely aged  faces  and  galley-slave  costumes. 

It  was  early  in  the  day  when  the  Bible  en- 
tered Rome.  Our  colporteur  taking  as  many 
as  he  could  carry,  offered  them  for  sale  in  the 
Corso,  calling  out  "  II  Libro,"  the  Book.  He 
did  not,  at  first,  sell  any,  and  the  people  asked 
"why  offer  us  your  books?  we  have  driven 
away  the  priests  and  do  not  want  their  teach- 
ing!" When,  however,  the  colporteur  ex- 
plained that  it  was  not  the  priests'  teachings 
that  he  offered  them,  but  the  very  book  they 
had  prohibited  and  excommunicated  lest  its 
reading  should  aid  the  cause  of  freedom,  a 
rush  was  made  to  purchase  them,  and  the 
agent  was  compelled  to  return  to  his  maga- 
zine for  a  new  supply,  and  to  bring  out  other 
copies.  For  a  week  he  met  with  no  hindrance 
in  his  work,  few  ecclesiastics  were  to  bo  seen 
in  the  streets,  and  the  authorities  encouraged 
free  thought  in  religious  matters.  A  short 
delaj'  having  occurred  in  the  reception  of  a 
ew  supply  of  Bibles,  he  again  opened  his 
stall  on  their  arrival,  and  sold  thousands  to 
the  eager  citizens.* 

*  AtFrascati  in  the  Roman  Territories  some  miles 
distant,  the  priests  took  more  active  measures  to  prevent 
the  entrance  of  the  Bible,  hut  they  resulted  in  their  own 
discomtiture.  A  considerable  number  of  Bibles  having 
been  purchased  by  the  inquiring,  the  priests  took  the 
alarm  and  determined  to  destroy  them.  Accordingly 
at  a  time  when  the  influential  men  of  the  town  were  in 
a  distant  part  in  attendance  at  a  political  meeting,  the 
priests  passed  around  from  house  to  house  and  gather- 
ing together  the  Bibles,  compelling  the  owners  to  ac- 
company them,  led  the  way  to  a  public  square  where 
they  hastily  made  a  bonfire  of  the  books.  Tho  people 
looked  sadly  upon  the  volumes  which  were  their  own, 
and  in  which  they  had  begun  to  be  interested,  shrivel- 
ing away  in  the  flamos,  and  could  scarcely  restrain  their 
indignation.  The  priests  were  delighted  with  their 
success,  but  when  they  proceeded  to  place  upon  the 
burning  pyre  a  portrait  of  Victor  Emanuel,  the  idol  of 
(he  people,  the  indignant  sufferers  burst  through  all 
restraint,  and  the  more  forward  ran  and  informed  (lie 
lending  men  of  this  last  act  of  (reason.  On  (he  appear- 
ance of  the  friends  of  light  upon  the  scene  the  priests, 
conscious  that  they  had  gone  loo  far,  beat  a  hasty  retreat 
to  a  place  of  safely  from  the  wrath  of  the  foe.  Re- 
quests for  more  Bibles  were  immediately  sent  lo  Rome, 
which  were  promptly  supplied;  and  as  a  defence 
against  (he  priests,  a  mutual-aid  society  was  formed 
amongst  thope  who  determined  to  possess  and  to  read 
the  book  of  book-.     Teachers  were  sent  to  instruct  (hem 

in  evangelical  doctrine,  and  a  class  of  bible  readers  waj 
(bus  successful!;  organized,  against   (he  existence  and 

continuance  of  which  the  antagonism  of  (lie  priests  was 
unavailing.  A  very  remarkable  result  followed  this 
over-activity  of  the  priests,  such  as  is  unprecedented  in 
Soman  Catholic  States.     The  women,  who  arc  gener- 


THE    FRIEND. 


13 


Thus  fourteen  centuries  after  this  fountain 
of  truth  had  been  closed  in  Home,  was  it  again 
opened,  to  continue  open.  An  edition  of  the 
New  Testament  had  been  published  in  Rome 
in  1849,  but  it  was,  of  course,  soon  suppress- 
ed. In  1870,  the  band  of  declared  Protestants 
inEomedidnot  numbermorethan  two  or  three 
dozen  persons.  On  the  first  First-day  after 
Rome  was  taken,  the  little  band  of  Christians 
met,  and  ascending  to  the  upper  tiers  of  the 
ruined  C'olliseum,  which  command  a  wide 
view  of  the  distant  eampagna,  read  in  concert 
the  account  of  St.  Paul's  journey  to  Rome. 
His  writings  had  just  found  entrance  into  the 
city  where  he  was  imprisoned  and  suffered 
death  fortrutb,  which  he  came  nearly  eighteen 
centuries  before,  to  proclaim.  Well  might 
their  hearts  be  fired  with  enthusiasm  as  they 
read,  for  they  had  but  to  raise  their  eyes  from 
the  inspired  narrative,  and  spread  out  before 
them  they  could  trace  the  very  road  which 
the  apostle's  feet  must  have  trodden  in  his 
eventful  journey,  and  the  magnificent  modern 
church  beyond  the  city's  walls,  and  still  nearer, 
the  spot  upon  which  tradition  says,  he  was 
beheaded,  close  to  the  English  burying  ground. 
In  this  vicinity  stands  the  pyramid  of  Cains 
Cestius,  which  was  probably  the  last  object 
upon  which  the  apostle's  eyes  rested  ere  death 
opened  them  in  heaven,  which  he  had  long 
counted  it  gain  to  reach. 

(To  be  concluded.) 

Selected. 

HERE  AND  THERE. 

GONE. 
Gone  from  the  bloom  and  the  gladness, 

Gone  from  die  light  and  the  cheer, 
Gone  from  the  love  that  was  closest, 

Gone  from  the  lips  that  were  dear. 
On  rolls  the  world  with  its  singing, 

On  with  its  work  and  its  pride; 
But  we'll  meet  not  again  with  our  darling 

In  all  the  world,  empty  and  wide. 

Under  the  snows  we  have  laid  her, 

Hallowed  a  chamber  of  rest; 
Shut  are  the  sweet  eyes,  and  folded 

The  hands  on  the  death-frozen  breast. 
Still  are  the  feet  that  moved  ever 

On  errands  of  mercy  and  grace  ; 
Down  in  the  gloom  and  the  silence 

Hidden  the  beautiful  face. 
Gone!  and  the  home  is  so  dreary, 

Gone  !  and  the  hearts  are  so  rent ; 
Gone  from  the  paths  that  she  brightened, 

Aye,  with  a  tranquil  content. 
How  shall  we  fare  on  without  her? 

How  reach  the  end  of  the  day  ? 
Shadows  and  darkness  have  gathered 

Thick  o'er  the  desolate  way. 

THE   OTHER  SIDE. 
Entered  the  mansions  of  glory, 

Safe  in  the  bosom  of  God, 
"Walking  the  highways  of  heaven, 

Free  where  the  ransomed  have  trod. 
Eree  from  the  blighting  of  sorrow, 

Pure  from  the  staining  of  sin, 
White,  after  great  tribulation, 

Glad,  the  fair  city  within. 
Satisfied  there  with  the  Saviour, 

Passed  all  the  toil  and  the  care; 
Never  again  to  be  burdened, 

Never  a  heartache  to  bear. 
Young,  with  a  freshness  immortal, 

Blithe,  with  a  rapture  untold, 
Strong,  with  a  life  never  ending, 

Home  in  the  city  of  gold. 

ally  through  their  susceptible  nature  more  easily 
moulded  by  the  priests,  here  showed  a  front  of  oppo 
sition  and  sent  to  Rome  for  teachers  to  instruct  them, 
as  their  brothers  and  husbands  were  being  taught. 
Their  wishes  were  promptly  gratified,  and  a  flourishing 
school  and  bible-reading  class  was  established  amon» 
the  women  of  Frascati,  which  has  doubtless  been  pro 
ductive  of  spiritual  benefits. 


Soul,  in  thy  glorious  raiment, 

Friend,  in  thy  radiance  of  joy, 
Praises  and  blissful  thanksgiving 

Now  all  thy  powers  employ. 
How  shall  we  wait  till  we  meet  thee? 

How  must  we  yearn  for  the  day 
When  forth  from  the  gloom  and  the  darkness, 

We,  too,  will  be  beckoned  away  ? 

— Margaret  E.  Sangstc 


For  "The  Friend." 

AFTERWARD. 
I  lay  upon  my  bed  and  heard  the  wailing 

Of  restless  winds  which,  wakeful,  could  not  sleep; 
Heard  rustle  of  the  folds  the  clouds  were  trailing 

Upon  the  earth  in  mist,  through  darkness  deep; 
And  in  my  heart  was  sound  of  wail  and  moaning, 

And  sweep  of  sorrow's  garb  in  mist  of  tears  : 
Not  tempest  wild,  but  helpless,  hopeless  groaning, 

From  out  the  empty  caverns  of  past  years. 

And  the  wind  seemed  to  voice  the  lamentation 

Of  wailing  heart  that  made  no  outward  sign ; 
And  the  clouds  wept  for  sorrow's  desolation, — 

Sorrow  denied  the  influence,  benign, 
Of  falling  tears  and  utterance  of  expression 

To  take  the  cerements  from  the  heart  away, 
And,  through  the  magic,  sweet,  of  such  confession, 

Wake  to  new  life,  through  hope  of  brighter  day. 

But  the  night  passed,  and  day  dawned  with  new  blight 
ness, 
And  earth  looked  up  and  smiled  through  sheen  of 
dew ; 
And  the  sun's  rays  shone  clear,  e'en  to  a  whiteness 
His  beams  had  pierced,  like  lance,  the  gray  clouds 
through, 
And  so  I  smiled  in  hope  of  bright  to-morrow, 

When,  sigh,  and  moan,  and  sadness  should  have  fled; 
When,  from  the  Sun  whose  rays  can  pierce  all  sorrow 
Should  come  new  day  of  light  by  his  beams  shed. 
A.  L.  Washburn. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Whalebone.— In  the  Greenland  Eight  Whale, 


out  in  a  boat  which  was  swamped.  While 
the  men  were  struggling  in  the  water,  the 
animal  caught  hold  of  one  of  them  with  the 
object  of  supporting  him.  Finding,  however, 
that  it  was  not  his  master  to  whom  he  was 
rendering  assistance,  he  relinquished  his  grasp 
and  went  to  the  aid  of  his  master,  supporting 
him  till  he  was  rescued  by  a  passing  steamer. 
— Nature. 

Electric  Vessel. — An  iron  boat,  46  feet  in 
length,  is  being  fitted  up  at  Millwall,  by  the 
Electric  Power  Storage  Company.  She  carries 
65  electric  accumulators,  and  maintained  a 
speed  of  eight  miles  per  hour  in  the  private 
trials  made. 

Spontaneous  Combustion. — A  century  ago 
spontaneous  combustion  occupied  the  minds 
of  men  of  science;  and  William  Tooko  pub- 
lished some  observations  on  the  subject,  chiefly 
taken  from  experiences  in  Russia. 

In  the  spring  of  1780  a  fire  was  discovered 
on  board  a  frigate  off  Cronstadt.  After  the 
severest  scrutiny,  no  cause  for  the  fire  could 
be  found.  The  following  j-ear  the  frigate 
Maria,  which  also  lay  at  anchor  off  Cronstadt, 
was  found  to  be  on  fire.  In  the  inquiry  which 
followed,  it  was  suggested  that  the  fire  might 
have  been  caused  by  parcels  of  matting  which 
were  in  the  cabin  where  the  fire  broke  out. 
Those  contained  Russian  lampblack,  prepared 
from  fir-soot  moistened  with  hemp-oil  varnish. 
In  consequence  of  this,  the  Russian  Admiralty 
ordered  some  experiments  to  be  made.  They 
shook  40  lbs.  of  fir-wood  soot  into  a  tub,  and 
poured  about  35  lbs.  of  hemp-oil  varnish  upon 
it.  This  stood  for  an  hour,  after  which  they 
poured  off  the  oil.  The  remaining  mixture 
was  wrapped  up  in  a  mat.  After  the  lapse 
of  some  hours  it  began  to  smoke  and  finally 
the  blades  of  whalebone  attain  the  number  of  burst  into  a  flame. 

350  or  more  on  each  side,  and  those  in  the  Wool,  when  saturated  with  oil,  as  is  well 
middle  of  the  series  have  a  length  of  10  or  12i  known  in  all  districts  where  woolen  manu- 
feet.  They  are  black  in  color,  highly  clastic!  factures  are  carried  on,  is  constantly  liable  to 
in  texture,  and   fray  out  at  the  inner  edge  get  on  fire. 

and  ends  into  long,  delicate,  soft,  almost  silky  In  1840  there  was  a  great  fire  in  Plymouth 
but  very  tough  hairs.  How  these  immensely  dockyard,  England,  which,  as  far  as  could 
long  blades  depending  vertically  from  the  afterwards  be  ascertained,  was  due  to  the 
palate  were  packed  into  a  mouth,  the  height  spontaneous  heating  and  combustion  of  heaps 
of  which  was  scarcely  more  than  half  their  of  hemp  and  flax  impregnated  with  oil.  More 
length,  was  a  mystery  not  solved  till  a  few  than  20  years  later,  there  were  great  fires  in 


years  ago.  If  the  whalebone  were  short  and 
rigid,  as  in  the  Rorqual  whale,  and  only  of 
the  length  of  the  space  between  the  upper 
and  lower  jaws  when  the  mouth  was  shut, 
when  the  jaws  were  separated,  a  space  would 
be  left  beneath  it  through  which  the  water 
and  the  minute  particles  of  food  would  es- 
cape together.  But  instead  of  this,  the  long, 
slender,  brush-like  ends  of  the  whalebone 
blades,  when  the  mouth  is  closed,  fold  back. 
When  the  mouth  is  opened  their  elasticity 
causes  them  to  straighten  out  like  a  bow  that 
is  unbent,  so  that  at  whatever  distance  the 
jaws  are  separated,  the  strainer  remains  in  per- 
fect action,  filling  the  whole  of  the  interval. 
The  importance  of  this  arrangement  will  be 
seen  when  we  consider,  that  the  food  of  the 
whale  chiefly  consists  of  small  crustaceans 
and  shell-fish  which  swarm  in  shoals  in  the 
seas  it  frequents.  The  large  mouth  enables 
it  to  take  in  a  great  quantity  of  water  at  a 
time,  and  the  length  and  delicate  structure 
of  the  whalebone  furnishes  an  efficient  seive, 
by  which  the  food  is  strained  out  of  the  water. 
Discrimination  in  a  Dog. — A  remarkable  in- 
stance of  the  fidelity  and  sagacity  of  a  dog- 
happened  lately  at  Milford  Haven,  and  is  re- 
corded in  the  daily  papers.     Two  men  were 


the  Liverpool  dock-warehouses,  involving  im- 
mense loss  of  property,  which  were  ascribed 
to  the  heating  and  spontaneous  ignition  of 
damp  cotton.  Later  still,  experts  were  called 
upon  to  investigate  the  causes  which  led  to 
the  destruction  by  fire  of  two  ships,  the 
hnogene  and  the  Talavera  in  Devonport  dock- 
yard ;  and  the  fire  could  only  be  traced  to 
the  spontaneous  ignition  of  oakum,  tow  and 
similar  substances,  which  had  been  used  by 
the  shipwrights  and  others  in  wiping  the  oil 
from  their  tools  ;  the  waste  thus  used  having 
afterwards  been  thrown  into  a  large  bin. 
Instances  might  readily  be  multiplied  in  which 
vegetable  substances,  such  as  cotton,  hemp, 
tow,  flax,  dry  woody-fibre,  and  rags  and  waste 
of  all  kinds,  having  become  impregnated 
with  oil,  have  caused  fires  from  spontaneous 
ignition. 

Experiments  have  been  tried  by  Galletly 
and  others  as  to  the  conditions  which  favor 
spontaneous  ignition.  A  handful  of  cotton- 
waste  was  soaked  in  boiled  linseed-oil,  the 
excess  of  oil  removed  by  pressure,  and  it  was 
then  placed  among  dry  waste  in  a  box,  with 
a  thermometer  at  a  temperature  of  170°. 
The  mercury  soon  began  to  rise  rapidly,  and 
at  the  end   of  75  minutes,  the  thermometer 


14 


THE    FRIEND. 


indicated  350°  Fahrenheit.  At  this  point 
the  smoke  issuing  from  the  box  revealed  that 
the  cotton  was  in  an  active  state  of  com- 
bustion, so  that,  on  exposing  it  to  the  air,  it 
quickly  burst  into  flame.  When  raw  linseed- 
oil  was  used  as  the  saturating  material,  active 
combustion  took  place  in  4  or  5  hours  ;  with 
rape-oil,  in  10  hours ;  lard-oil,  4  hours  ;  seal- 
oil,  in  100  minutes;  while  mineral  oils,  as 
petroleum,  appeared  to  have  the  power  of 
arresting  the  destructive  tendency  when  com- 
bined with  the  fatty  oils. 

The  cause  of  this  heating  and  taking  fire, 
in  such  cases,  is  that  the  oily  matter  absorbs 
oxygen  from  the  air,  a  process  in  which  heat 
is  always  produced.  And  being  spread  thinly 
over  the  mass  of  fibres  of  the  rags  or  waste 
saturated  by  it,  it  presents  a  great  amount  of 
surface  to  the  air,  so  that  this  absorbing 
process  goes  on  with  comparatively  great 
rapidity,  and  corresponding  degrees  of  heat 
are  produced.  This  process  is  a  slow  burn- 
ing, differing  not  in  character,  but  in  degree 
from  that  which  wood  or  coal  once  lighted 
undergoes  in  our  fire  places.  The  heat  given 
out  by  the  oily  waste  is  not  allowed  to  escape 
freely,  but  is  confined  by  the  surrounding 
material,  until  the  point  is  reached  at  which 
the  fibre  itself  is  ready  to  burst  into  flames. 

Cotton,  jute  and  similar  substances  are 
liable  to  spontaneous  combustion  from  simple 
oxidation,  if  stored  in  a  damp  state  ;  and  there 
have  been  instances  of  ships  laden  with  such 
goods  being  destroj'ed  at  sea  by  fire,  the 
presence  of  which  could  only  be  reasonably 
accounted  for  on  the  theory  of  spontaneous 
ignition.  A  few  years  ago,  a  ship  heavily 
laden  with  wool  from  Australia  arrived  at 
Plymouth  with  fire  raging  among  the  wool 
in  the  hold.  The  fire  had  been  burning  for 
two  days,  and  without  doubt  had  been  caused 
by  the  wool  getting  damp,  heating  and  then 
igniting. 

Fire  often  arises  when  hay  or  grain  is 
stored  in  large  quantities  while  still  green  or 
damp.  But  in  these  cases  the  chemical  ex- 
planation differs  from  the  foregoing.  All 
such  substances  are  liable  under  favorable  cir- 
cumstances, such  as  damp,  absence  of  cur- 
rents of  air,  &c,  to  fermentation.  During 
this  process  of  fermentation  heat  is  evolved, 
which  sometimes  leads  to  spontaneous  com- 
bustion. This  is  a  fact  so  well  known  that 
it  is  needless  to  produce  many  instance  of  it. 
In  one  case,  recorded  in  the  Annales  d' Hygiene, 
a  quantity  of  oats  stored  irf  a  barn  had  been 
consumed  by  fire.  Suspecting  incendiarism, 
a  careful  investigation  was  made.  It  was 
found  that  the  oats  had  been  stored  damp  ; 
that  laborers  had  noticed  the  heat  of  the  oats 
several  days  previous  to  the  fire  ;  that  some 
of  the  sheaves  which  had  been  removed  the 
day  before  it  broke  out,  to  be  thrashed,  were 
charred  and  discolored  ;  and  that  the  centre 
of  a  large  pile  of  sheaves  was  burnt  and 
blackened,  while  the  outside  of  the  sheaves 
retained  their  natural  color — conclusive  evi- 
dence, that  it  was  a  case  of  spontaneous  com- 
bustion. 

Many  chemical  compounds,  as  well  as  mix- 
tures, are  very  liable  to  spontaneous  com- 
bustion, the  action  in  such  cases  being  gener- 
ally much  more  rapid  and  energetic  than  in 
the  cases  just  considered.  For  example, 
Nitro-glycorine,  if  not  carefully  prepared  and 
purified,  is  certain  to  undergo  decomposition, 
ultimately  ending  in  spontaneous  combustion 
of  a  terribly  energetic  character.     The  phos- 


phorus composition  used  in  making  lucifer 
matches  ignites  in  mass  at  a  temperature  not 
greatly  exceeding  that  of  an  ordinary  summer 
sun's  rays. — Abridged  from  Chambers'  Journal. 


THE    FRIEND. 


EIGHTH  MONTH 


In  our  last  number  we  alluded  to  the  want 
of  a  true  understanding  of  each  other's  posi- 
tion and  feelings,  as  a  cause  of  alienation 
among  bodies  of  Friends,  and  to  the  effort  to 
extend  the  circulation  of"  The  Friend,"  as  one 
means  of  removing  this  cause. 

Many  are  the  evidences  which  reach  us 
from  time  to  time,  of  the  existence  of  mistaken 
views  and  erroneous  surmises  respecting 
Friends  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting. 
Their  motives  have  been  misunderstood,  and 
their  official  acts  looked  upon  with  suspicion, 
and  their  doctrinal  soundness  called  in  ques- 
tion. Much  as  this  is  to  be  deplored,  it  is  not 
to  be  wondered  at,  when  we  reflect  on  the 
strength  of  those  religious  prejudices  which 
are  begotten  from  controversy ;  and  on  the 
difficulty  of  procuring  correct  information 
which  multitudes  experience.  It  is  now  more 
than  forty  years  since  the  Society  of  Friends 
in  America  was  first  agitated  by  the  contro- 
versies which  arose  from  the  circulation  of 
the  writings  of  Joseph  John  Gurney.  These 
writings  were  voluminous,  and  contained  much 
sound  doctrine,  but  interspersed  throughout 
them  were  passages  which  gave  great  uneasi- 
ness to  many  Friends,  both  in  England  and 
in  this  country.  In  1847  the  Yearly  Meeting 
of  Philadelphia  sanctioned  the  publication  of 
a  review  of  those  writings,  and  of  some  writ- 
ten by  Dr.  Ash,  of  England,  in  which  numer- 
ous extracts  from  them  were  contrasted  with 
quotations  from  Barclay,  Penn,  and  other 
standard  authorities  in  our  Society,  showing 
that  some  of  the  views  contained  in  them 
were  not  in  harmony  with  those  held  by  early 
Friends.  This  review  subsequently  received 
the  sanction  and  approval  of  Ohio  Yearly 
Meeting.  It  was  published  in  pamphlet  form, 
under  the  title,  "An  Appeal  for  the  Ancient 
Doctrines,"  and  has  ever  since  been  kept  on 
hand,  and  may  be  procured  gratuitously  by 
any  one  desirous  of  investigating  the  subject, 
by  addressing  a  request  to  Jacob  Smedley, 
No.  304  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Unhappily,  many  Friends  in  other  parts 
did  not  give  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  due 
credit  for  the  honest  concern  which  really 
animated  its  leading  members,  but  regarded 
it  as  blinded  by  prejudice  or  inflamed  bjT  other 
unworthy  motives.  Of  those  who  thus  criti- 
cised its  course,  no  doubt  some  had  imbibed 
in  measure  the  erroneous  sentiments  against 
which  it  bore  so  open  and  decided  a  testimony ; 
and,  therefore,  naturally  they  were  offended. 
But  we  believe  that  there  were  many  others 
of  them  who  still  held  to  the  doctrines  of 
Friends,  but  who  were  misled  by  the  want  of 
proper  information,  and  thus  came  to  look 
upon  it  as  under  the  dominion  of  a  captious 
and  fault-finding  si>irit.  Some  of  these,  of 
latter  time,  have  seen  their  mistake,  and  have 
freely  acknowledged  that  their  eyes  had  been 
opened  to  look  at  these  matters  in  a  different 
light.  Hut  during  the  long  years  which  have 
intervened,  a  new  generation  has  grown  up 
in  many  places  under  these  influences,  who 
have    little   correct    information    respecting 


either  Philadelphia  or  Ohio  Yearly  Meetings 
but  look  upon  them  with  a  jealousy  and  susj 
picion,  for  which  there  is  no  just  cause.  I 
such  Friends  were  to  visit  those  meetings  it  J 
a  spirit  of  candid  inquiry,  and  mingle  with  j[ 
their  members,  they  would  be  surprised  tc 
find  how  unfounded  had  been  their  suspicions, 
and  how  incorrect  their  ideas. 

In  the  course  of  somewhat  extended  jour- 
neys into  many  parts  of  the  Society  in  this 
land,  and  in  a  widely-spread  correspondence, 
reaching  nearly  to  its  extreme  limits,  wo  have 
had  opportunities  of  learning  how  widely  the 
notion  has  been  disseminated,  that  Friends  of 
Philadelphia  and  Ohio  hold, — as  a  recent  let- 
ter from  Indiana  expressed  it, — "a  refined 
Hieksism."  We  scarcely  know  what  idea  is 
attached  to  the  term  by  those  who  use  it; 
but  we  do  know  that  the  views  of  Philadel- 
phia Yearly  Meeting  are  in  strict  accordance 
with  the  doctrines  ever  held  by  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  laid  down  in  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures ;  and  that  it  does  not  hesitate  to  openly 
and  strongly  declare  its  allegiance  to  those 
principles  of  the  Christian  religion  which  the 
teachings  of  Elias  Hicks  tended  to  set  aside. 
Such  declarations  of  the  truth  are  embodied 
in  its  Discipline  and  Advices,  are  re-issued 
from  time  to  time,  and  are  frequently  and 
clearly  set  forth  in  the  communications  of  its 
approved  ministers.  And  we  fully  believe 
I  that  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  firmly  adheres  to 
the  same  gospel  doctrines. 

Another  objection  to  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting,  frequently  presented,  is  its  alleged 
unwillingness  to  correspond  with  other  simi- 
lar bodies.  A  letter  from  a  Friend  in  Indiana, 
states  that  the  remarks  on  this  subject  made 
in  that  Yearly  Meeting  for  many  years  past, 
have  been  calculated  to  steel  the  minds  of 
even  the  sound  younger  portion  of  Society 
against  anything  emanating  from  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting.  That  such  a  closing  of  the 
mind  against  the  presentation  of  truth  does 
exist,  is  evident  from  the  caution  shown  and 
the  objections  made  to  the  circulation  in  that 
Yearly  Meeting  of  the  "  Address"  recently 
issued  by  ours.  Some  of  its  members  seemed 
ready  to  query  like  Nathaniel  of  old,  "  Can 
any  good  thing  come  out  of  Nazareth?" 
Probably  they  "did  not  remember  that  its 
suspension  of  correspondence  with  Philadel- 
phia, was  tho  deliberate  act  of  their  own 
Yearly  Meeting,  which  in  its  epistle  of  1S55, 
said  to  their  brethren  here,  "  Highly  as  wo 
value  correspondence  with  your  Yearly  Meet- 
ing, we  cannot  sec  how  wo  can  continue  it,  if 
you  adhere  to  that  body  in  Ohio  whom  we 
look  upon  as  having  gone  out  of  the  fellow- 
ship of  the  body,"  thus  effectually  closing  the 
way  for  further  epistolary  intercourse.  Wo 
do  not  purpose  to  enter  further  into  this  sub- 
ject at  this  time,  but  those  who  desire  a  fuller 
discussion  of  the  issues  involved,  and  wish  to 
understand  more  fully  the  real  position  of  tho 
different  branches  of  our  Society,  arc  referred 
to  the  "Brief  Narrative  of  the  Position  of 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting."  issued  in  1872, 
and  which  may  be  obtained  gratuitously  by 
a  post  card  addressed  to  .lacob  Smedley.  304 
Arch  street,  Philadelphia. 

We  do  not  speak  of  these  subjects  with  any 
desiro  to  re-open  old  controversies ;  but,  if 
possible,  to  soften  or  remove  those  preposses- 
sions, which  have  grown  out  of  a  want  of  cor- 
rect information,  and  which  prevent  those 
under  their  influence  from  doing  justice  to 
others.     Nor  would   wo   claim   for  our  own 


THE    FRIEND. 


15 


f  early  Meeting  that  it  has  never  made  any 
■stake  in  judgment  in  deciding  on  the  vari- 
>us  questions  which  have  come  before  it  in 
,he  last  forty  years.  Indeed,  we  are  free  to 
idmit  that  there  have  been  conclusions  arriv- 
)d  at  in  its  deliberations,  which  the  editor  as 
in  individual,  could  not  see  to  be  the  safest 
md  best.  But  while  there  may  be  differences 
rf opinion  among  the  members  of  a  meeting 
is  to  the  course  to  be  pursued  in  the  practi- 
:al  questions  which  arise,  there  ought  to  be 
uch  a  measure  of  submission  one  to  another, 
nd  such  a  love  for  the  principles  of  Truth,  as 
vill  enable  them  to  unite  in  bearing  testimony 
o  those  doctrines  which  have  been  "most 
■rely  believed"  by  the  Societ3T  from  its  rise. 
This,  we  trust,  has  been  increasingly  the  case 
n  our  limits  of  latter  times;  and,  we  think, 
.vas  shown  by  the  unanimity  with  which  the 
'Address"  on  doctrines  was  adopted  by  orn- 
ate Yearly  Meeting. 

Every  generation  has  its  own  duties  to  per- 
oral, and  we  cannot  fulfil  otto-  present  mis- 
lion  by  dwelling  exclusively  on  the  past. 
Whatever  differences  of  judgment  may  have 
xisted  among  those  who  love  the  same  princi- 
ples, we  believe  it  w7ould  be  wise  to  so  apply 
he  advice  of  the  apostle,  about  "forgetting 
hose  things  which  are  behind,"  a9  to  turn 
Br  thoughts  more  full}7  to  the  responsibili- 
ies  of  the  present, — to  the  great  duties  of 
ipreading  a  knowledge  of  those  spiritual  views 
>f  the  religion  of  Christ,  of  which  our  early 
Friends  were  convinced,  of  recommending 
hem  to  others  bj- showing  in  our  own  exam- 
ple the  blessed  fruits  theyare  designed  to  pro- 
duce, and  of  laboring  to  promote  the  kingdom 
)f  our  Saviour  by  such  means  as  the  Lord  may 
ippoint.  This  would  be  accompanied  by  an 
ncrease  of  that  true  unity  which  is  the  bond 
)f  peace.  We  believe  that  desires  for  such  an 
ncrease  of  unity  are  being  increasingly  felt, 
—and  as  an  evidence  of  this,  we  take  the 
iberty  of  making  an  extract  from  a  private 
etter  addressed  to  the  editor  by  a  dear  friend, 
so  situated  in  religious  connection,  as  not  to 
'eel  at  liberty  to  attend  our  meetings,  even  if 
within  their  reach: 

"  It  grieves  my  very  spirit  that  those  who 
ive  according  to  the  Truth,  who  have  been 
iown  into  the  bottom  of  Jordan,  who  have 
not  shrunk  from  the  cups  of  suffering  handed, 
and  whose  spirits  find  an  answer  in  the  hearts 
of  those  who  have  known  a  measure  of  the 
3ame  experience, — are  in  any  way  hindered 
from  being  helps  to  each  other.  Why  must 
t  be  so?  Should  not  all  personal  feelings, 
all  barriers,  prejudice,  or  any  minor  cause, 
bas  reared,  be  laid  down,  for  the  united  mov- 
ng  forward  in  that  waj',  upheld  by  the  early 
Christians,  and  since  by  the  early  Friends 
through  much  sufferings  ?  That  those  who 
peak  the  same  language,  and  desire  the  pro- 
motion of  Truth  in  their  own  hearts  and  in 
the  world,  cannot  mingle  in  church  fellowship, 
grieves  me  more  than  words  will  express." 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written 
oy  a  Friend  in  England,  may  prove  interest- 
ing to  some  of  our  readers,  as  giving  an  idea 
pf  the  tone  of  feeling  among  the  more  spiritu- 
illy-minded  members  of  London  Yearly  Meet- 
ing. We  especially  commend  to  attention  the 
reference  to  the  need  of  "  dedication  to  the 
jver-influencing  Grace  and  living  rule  in  the 
ieart,  of  our  Holy  Redeemer,"  as  that  which 
s  needed  to  prepare  for  "  serving  our  genera- 
,ion  by  the  will  of  God." 


"Much  reticence  is  observed  by  Friends 
generally  in  this  country  about  anything  that 
comes  to  them  from  Philadelphia,  so  that  I 
have  heard  very  few  remarks  from  the  re- 
ceivers or  readers  of  the  'Address;'  and  I 
expect  it  would  take  a  good  deal  more  than 
the  best  of  documentary  issues  of  this  kind, 
to  make  a  palpable  impression  on  the  churches 
here  towards  a  hearty  return  to  first  princi- 
ples, and  to  our  'first  love,'  as  a  people. 
Nevertheless,  I  cannot  for  one  moment  think, 
that  our  condition  and  needs  are  forgotten  of 
the  Lord  ;  and  the  forenamed  Address,  from 
a  co-ordinate  body  like  yours,  will  undoubt- 
edly be  attended  with  some  influence  for  good 
towards  our  preservation  in  the  Truth.  We 
are  not  accustomed  to  demonstrate  on  the  one 
side  or  the  other,  and  are  rather,  perhaps,  too 
much  disposed  towards  a  forbearance  almost 
like  compliance  with  what  is  not  approved; 
but  still,  I  hope,  with  somewhat  of  a  real  trust, 
that  the  truth,  and  the  cause  thereof,  is  no- 
where so  safe  as  in  the  hands  of  its  Divine 
Author  and  Preserver  in  the  earth. 

Much,  indeed,  depends  on  an  individual 
dedication  to  the  ever-influencing  Grace  and 
living  rule  in  the  heart,  of  our  Holy  Redeemer, 
for  bringing  forth  that  fruit  which  shall  re- 
fresh the  heritage,  nourish  the  best  life  in 
others,  and  be  to  the  permanent  praise  of  his 
great  and  worthy  name.  We  are  far  more 
liable  than  many  are  aware  of,  to  become  un- 
duly absorbed  with  external  interests,  with 
personal  and  social  comforts,  educational  ad- 
vantages, commercial  and  civil  eminence,  &c, 
&c;  even  those  of  us  who  know  something, 
and  that  for  years,  of  the  precious  internal 
workings  of  Divine  and  saving  Grace;  but  I 
do  unfeignedly  desire,  both  for  myself  and 
others,  that  we  may  renew  our  hearts'  search 
after  the  chief  treasure, — the  one  thing  need- 
ful,— and  be  more  prepared  in  meekness  and 
in  readiness  of  mind  to  serve  our  generation 
by  the  will  of  God,  and  in  the  gracious  gospel 
of  his  Sou,  our  Lord." 

By  the  same  mail  which  brought  the  fore- 
going, we  received  a  letter  from  a  remote  por- 
tion of  our  own  Continent — the  starting-points 
of  the  two  letters  being  some  six  thousand 
miles  apart.  This  last  epistle  is  calculated  to 
oncourage  to  a  faithful  maintenance  of  our 
principles.     It  says : 

"  Dearly  do  I  feel  that  the  value  of  our  mis- 
sion as  ^people,  will  henceforth  depend  upon 
our  fidelity  to  the  principles  uf  unchangeable 
Truth,  which  have  given  character  to  our  So- 
ciety in  the  past.  Many,  I  trust,  are  being 
tried  and  proved,  and  apart  in  the  mountains 
prepared  to  be  brought  forth  in  the  Lord's 
time  and  way,  as  living  witnesses  to  his  truth 
and  power  ;  a  succession  of  the  noble  seed,  who 
along  the  ages  have  fought  the  good  tight, 
overcome  the  wicked  one,  and  entered  into 
the  inheritance  of  the  saints." 

We  apprehend  all  true  Friends  can  unite 
in  the  belief  expressed  in  the  first  of  the  two 
extracts,  that  "the  truth,  and  the  cause  there- 
of, is  nowhere  so  safe  as  in  the  hands  of  its 
Divine  Author  and  Preserver,"  and  that  it  is 
well  to  have  our  hopes  of  success  in  promot- 
ing this  blessed  cause  of  truth  and  righteous- 
ness placed  on  the  Lord's  help  and  blessing 
in  and  on  our  efforts;  but  we  feel  that  "com- 
pliance with  what  is  not  approved,"  is  a  dan- 
gerous ground  for  any  to  stand  on.  So  long 
as  an  upright  testimony  is  maintained  against 
wrong  things  (even  if  it  is  only  in  the  silent 
but  expressive  language  of  conduct),  we  may 


hope  for  preservation  ;  but  if  this  is  let  fall, 
there  is  reason  to  fear  we  will  drift  with  the 
current,  further  and  further  away  from  the 
position  designed  for  us  by  the  Head  of  the 
Church.  So  that  we  hope  Friends  in  Eng- 
land will  not  carry  their  toleration  and  "for- 
bearance" further  than  the  "  ever-influencing 
Grace  of  our  Holy  Redeemer"  would  truly 
lead  them. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  exports  of  petroleum  for  the 
twelve  months  which  ended  6th  mo.  30th  last,  amounted 
in  value  to  $44,913,079,  against  $51,232,706  for  the 
twelve  months  which  ended  6th  mo.  30th,  18S2, 

Plans  are  being  prepared  at  the  Treasury  Department 
for  additional  vaults  "to  accommodate  the  excessive 
accumulation  of  silver  dollars.  One  of  these  vaults  will 
be  built  in  the  basement  of  the  Treasury  Department, 
the  other  at  the  New  Orleans  mint. 

The  telegraph  operators  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
and  St.  Louis  Railway,  struck  for  higher  wages  the 
early  part  of  last  week.  On  Seventh-day  morning  last 
they  all  returned  to  work  excepting  ten  of  their  num- 
ber! Many  telegraph  wires  around  New  York  city  and 
some  near  Pittsburg  have  been  broken  or  grounded. 
The  striking  telegraphers  deny  that  they  are  respon- 
sible for  this. 

The  Manager  of  the  Rapid  Telegraph  Company  in 
this  city  on  the  9th  inst.,  received  instructions  from  the 
main  office  in  New  York  to  compute  the  salaries  of 
managers  and  operators  at  an  advance  of  7  per  cent., 
dating  from  7th  mo.  26th — a  day's  work  for  tirst-class 
operators  to  be  eight  hours  during  the  day  and  seven 
at  night,  both  sexes  to  receive  equal  pay  for  equal  work. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Cincin- 
nati shows  that  the  total  product  of  the  manufactures 
of  that  city,  during  the  last  year,  amounted  in  value  to 
5194,572,000,  an  excess  of  §8,000,000  compared  with 
the  product  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  total  assessed  valuation  of  Boston  on  the  1st  of 
5th  mo.  last  was  $682,369,500,  a  gain  of  $9,S71,600  on 
the  valuation  of  1882.  The  gain  was  wholly  in  real 
estate,  the  valuation  of  personal  property  showing  a 
loss. 

The  opposition  to  the  law  against  selling  liquor  on 
First-day  in  St.  Louis  seems  to  be  dying  out.  Very 
few  cases  of  violation  of  the  law  were  reported  on  the 
13th  inst.  by  the  police. 

On  the  7th  instant,  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  passed 
a  General  Local  Option  bill  for  the  State. 

The  reports  of  the  condition  of  the  cotton  crop  in 
Texas  are  discouraging.  After  unfavorable  weather, 
worms  have  appeared  in  some  places,  and  it  is  said  that 
"  from  the  indications  about  one-half  of  the  cotton  belt 
of  the  State  will  gather  a  half  crop,  the  other  parts 
yielding  a  quarter  of  an  average  crop." 

The  Kimball  House,  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  was  de- 
stroyed by  tire  early  on  the  morning  of  the  12th.  All 
the  guests  were  got  out  safely  owing  to  the  presence  of 
mind  of  the  proprietor.  The  total  loss  on  the  building 
and  its  contents  is  estimated  at  $1,000,000.  In  the  bank 
vaults  were  $500,000,  the  safety  of  which,  is  in  doubt. 
Incendiarism  is  suspected. 

A  large  vein  of  silver  is  reported  to  have  been  struck 
by  men  digging  a  well  on  a  farm  five  miles  north  of 
Yates  Centre,  Kansas.  The  ore  has  been  assayed  and 
is  said  to  be  very  rich. 

The  small  pox  is  reported  to  be  making  terrible 
ravages  among  the  Indians  of  Itaska  county,  Minne- 
sota.   In  two  small  towns  85  deaths  have  been  reported. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  418,  which 
was  105  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  12 
more  than  during  the  same  period  last  year.  Of  the 
foregoing,  225  were  males,  and  193  females  :  73  died  of 
cholera  infantum;  42  of  consumption;  35  of  marasmus; 
20  of  diphtheria;  17  of  convulsions;  11  of  typhoid  fever 
and  10  of  old  age. 

Markets,  (fee— U.  S.  4}'s,  registered,  112J;  coupon, 
113J;  4's,  registered,  119};  coupon,  119J  ;  3's,  103} ; 
currency  6's,  128  a  133. 

Cotton  was  steady  but  quiet  at  10}  a  10|  cts.  for  mid- 
dling uplands. 

Petroleum  was  sluggish  at  7J  a  7}  cents  for  refined, 
in  harrels,  and  9  cts.  for  do.  in  cases. 

Flour  and  Meal. — Desirable  sound  flours  were  firm 
and  in  fair  local  demand  with  light  supplies  :  sales  of 
2300  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $5  a  J6; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  45 ;  western  do.  at  $5.50  a  66, 
and  patents  at  »6  a  $7.25.  Rye  flour  was  quiet  at  $3.50 
a  $3.62}  per  barrel. 


16 


THE    FRIEND. 


Grain. — Wheat  was  active  but  lower:  30,000  bushel* 
sold  at  $1.1 3i  a  $1.20.  Corn  options  were  full  and 
easier:  8000  bushels  sold  at  57 J  a  04  cts.  Oats  were 
inactive  but  steady  :  3000  bushels  sold  at  39  a  45  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  8th  mo. 
11th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  358;  loads  of  straw,  32. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  60 
a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  50  a  60  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  50  a  60  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Foreign. — On  the  7th  instant  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, the  National  Debt  bill  passed  its  second  reading 
by  a  vote  of  149  to  59.  The  bill  proposes  to  replace 
terminable  annuities  expiring  in  1885.  The  effect  will 
be  in  twenty  years  to  cancel  £173,000,000  of  the  national 
debt.  Among  the  opponents  of  the  bill  are  the  Irish 
members.  Some  of  the  Conservatives  urge  that  the 
gain  by  the  expiration  of  the  annuities  be  applied  to  a 
reduction  of  taxation.  The  supporters  of  the  measure 
urge  among  other  things  that  America  and  the  Colonies 
will  hereafter  become  formidable  rivals  for  commercial 
supremacy,  and  that  it  is  desirable  to  reduce  the  debt 
while  the  operation  may  be  easy. 

The  dynamite  prisoners,  Featherstone,  Deasy,  Flani- 
gan  and  Dalton  have  been  tried,  found  guilty,  and  on 
the  9th  inst.  were  sentenced  to  life-long  penal  servitude. 
The  steamship  Pathan,  with  Kavanaugh,  Joseph  Han- 
Ion,  Joseph  Smith  and  other  informers  in  the  Phoenix 
Park  murder  cases,  were  refused  permission  to  land  at 
Melbourne,  and  have  arrived  at  Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales. 

A  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Suez 
Canal  Company,  at  which  the  British  members  were 
present,  was  held  in  Paris  on  the  8th  inst.  The  Board 
unanimously  approved  the  letter  of  De  Lesseps  of  the 


population  of  the  world  is  1, 4-1:1, 000, OHO  souls.  Which 
may  be  thus  classified  according  to  religious  creeds: 
212  million  Catholics,  124  million  Protestants,  84  mil- 
lion Schismatics,  7  million  Jews,  200  million  Mahome- 
tans, 103  million  Brahmins,  423  million  Buddhists  and 
230  million  Pagans. 

Tlie  latest  estimates  by  German  scientists  of  the  total 
population  of  the  earth  are,  in  round  numbers,  as  fol- 
lows :  Australia,  on  9,000,000  square  kilometres,  4,000,- 
000  inhabitants;  Europe,  on  9,500,000  square  kilome- 
tres, 315;000,000  inhabitants;  Africa,  on  30,000,000 
square  kilometres,  2(15,0110,000  inhabitants;  America, 

on  43,000,OIJO. square  kilometres  S9, (100, I  inhabitants  ; 

Asia,  on  44,500,000  square  kilometres,  830,000,000  in- 
habitants. 

RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  Beulah  E.  Sharpless,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 
for  Thomas  A.  Bell,  N.  J.,  *2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Amos 
Thorp,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Ann  Small  wood,  Pa., 
§2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Thomas  S.  Pike,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 
Tobias  Meader  N.  H.,  $2.10,  to  No.  13,  vol.  58  ;  from 
Joseph  Wing,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.57;  from  Hannah  M icicle, 
N.  J..  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Sarah  V.  Willits,  lo.,  per  F. 
Hutton,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Edward  G.Smedley,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  John  Tatum,  City,  12,  vol.  57;  from 
John  Carey,  O.,  $2.10,  vol.  57 ;  from  C.  A.  Hoffman, 
W.  Philada.,  $2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Richard  C.  Shoe- 
maker, Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Ezekiel  C.  Shoemaker, 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mary  Ann  Heston,  Pa.,  $2,  to  No.  14, 
vol.  58  ;  from  William  Bettles,  111.,  $2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from 
James  S.  Newbold,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Richard 
Chambers,  Mo.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  E.  Branson, 
City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Benjamin  C.  Reeve,  N.  J.,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  William  Evans,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
Uriah  Borton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Mary  J.  Stokes, 
*2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ezra  Engle,  N.  J.,  §2,  vol.  57 ;  from 
Hannah  P.  Rudolph  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua 
Taylor,  Mich.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ellen  Wain,  Myk.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  Clement  Ogden,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
John  I.  Glover,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Zebedee 
Nicholson,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Samuel  F.  Troth,  City, 
$2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Susan  J.  Yerkes,  Fkfd.,  $2,  vol.  57; 
from  Mary  E.  Jones,  Can.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  George 
Wood,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua  Haight,  Agent, 
de  Urgel,  in  the  province  of  Lerida,  Spain,  show  that  I N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  H.  S.  Haight  and  William 
it  was  beaded  by  the  lieutenant  colonel.  The  outbreak  |  Breckon,  $2  each,  vol.  57 ;  from  Thomas  Wilbur,  N.  Y., 
occurred  at  4  o'clock,  Fifth-day  morning,  of  last  week.  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Thomas  Lippincott,  City,  $2,  vol.  57, 
The  civil  guard  were  not  molested  by  the  insurgents,  land  for  Dr.  J.  'Ibomas  Lippincott,  Pa.,  and  Elizabeth 
and  remained  in  their  barracks.  The  rebels  expelled  C.  Cooper,  City,  $2  each,  vol.  57 ;  for  Elizabeth  Menden- 
the  military  Governor  of  the  town.     A  large  force  of  hall,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;   from   Mary  A.  Smith,  Mass.,  $2, 


23d   ult.  to   Glads 


pinch   De  Lesseps  informed 


the  English  Prime  minister  that  he  need  not  consider 
himself  bound  by  the  terms  of  the  agreement  in  regard 
to  the  second  Suez  Canal  which  he  had  signed. 

The  leaders  and  officers  of  the  Spanish  insurgents 
who  were  interned  in  Portugal  on  account  of  their  par- 
ticipation in  the  Spanish  insurrection,  have  embarked 
on  board  a  transport  for  the  purpose  of  leaving  the 
country.  As  they  refused  to  go  to  a  Portuguese  island 
in  the  Atlantic,  they  will  be  landed  at  a  French  or  an 
English  port,  as  they  may  select. 

Particulars  of  a  revolt  of  the  Spanish  garrison  at  Seo 


troops  were  sent  to  Seo  de  Urgel  to  repress  the  outbreak. 
Other  disturbances  in  various  places  are  reported.  The 
Times'  Madrid  correspondent  says  that  an  order  has 
been  issued  by  the  authorities  forbidding  the  printing 
of  any  news  touching  the  insurrectionary  movements  in 
Spain,  except  what  is  officially  supplied  from  the  Home 
Office,  and  cautioning  editors  of  papers  to  abstain  from 


vol.  57  ;  from  Ira  J.  Parker,  Pa.,  for  Rachel  F.  Parker, 
Henry  Ecrovd  and  John  Warner,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Mary  \Vistar,  W.  Phila.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Thomas 
Llewelyn,  O,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Richard  M.  Chambers, 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Seth  Shaw,  Agent,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57, 
and  for  Mifllin  Cadwalader,  Theophilus  Morlan,  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  Rachel  Cope,  Lticinda  Allman,  Barak 


nments  upon  current  events.  The  correspondent  >■  Ashton,  Job  Huestis,  Daniel  Blackburn,  Nathan  M 
adds  that  the  strictest  censorship  continues  on  telegrams. '  Blackburn,  Hannah  Blackburn,  and  Charles  Blackburn, 

Ashley,  Under  Colonial  Secretary,  has  slated  in  the  O.,  and  J.  F.  Harrison,  lo.,  $2  each,  vol.57  ;  for  George 
House  of  ( 'orumons  that  the  Government  had  received  R.  Chambers,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Elbert  F.  Adam 


a  telegram  from  the  Governor  of  Natal  in  which  the 
latter  says  he  is  informed  that  King  Cetewayo,  who  is 
reported  to  have  been  killed  by  the  Zulu  insurgents,  is 
in  the  reserved  territory.  A  reliable  witness  says  he 
has  seen  him  alive  since  his  reported  death.  A  cor- 
respondent of  the  London  Times,  at  Durban,  says  that 
he  is  now  on  his  way  to  Pietermaritzburg. 

Dr.  Robert  Moffat,  the  father-in-law  of  the  late  Doctor 
Livingstone,  the  celebrated  African  traveller,  and  who 
was  himself  for  many  years  a  missionary  in  South 
Africa,  is  dead. 

English  doctors  in  Alexandria,  who  have  had  expert 


N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Matilda  W  Warner,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  John  R.  Tatum,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Charles  Wright,  N.  J  ,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Sarah  B. 
DeCou,  $2,  vol.  5i  ;  from  Rebecca  A.  Cox,  N.  J.,  $2, 
vol.  57,  for  Daniel  Peckham,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Martha  Evens,  Sarah  Haines,  Rebecca  Ashead,  Mar- 
garet C.  Venable,  and  M.  and  R.  Matlack,  N.  J.,  $2 
each,  vol.  57  ;  from  David  Darnell,  N.  J.  $2,  vol.  57; 
for  Louise  S.  Haines,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Hannah 
Stevenson,  111.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Hannah  Wilkins  and 
Mary  M.  Wilkins,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Wil- 
liam J.  Jenks,  City,  $2,  vol.5i  ;  from  William  Balder- 


ence   in   India   in   cholera   epidemics,  report  that   the  'ston,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Willis  Lamb,  N.  C,  $2,  vol. 
disease  now  prevailing  in   Egypt  is  of  a  distinctly  dif- 157  ;   from  Joel  Thompson,  Del.,  $2.10,   vol.  57;   from 

•'      Philip  P.Dunn,  N. J.,  $2,  vol.57;  from  Dr.  E.W.South, 
N.  J.,  and  Edward  L.  South,   City,  $2  each,   vo'     " 


ferent  character  from  the  Asiatic  cholera  :  4S2  1  deaths 
from  the  disease  are  reported  for  the  week  ending  7th 
month  12th.  The  German  Government  expected  to 
send  a  scientific  expedition  to  Egypt  this  week  to  ex- 
amine into  the  origin,  nature  and  cause  of  the  disease 
now  prevailing  there,  and  lo  ascertain  the  best  measures 
to  prevent  its  spread. 

The  Nile  continues  to  rise.     Great  damage  has  al- 
ready been  dune  to  the  crops  in  the  vicinity  of  Assiout. 


I'he  III 


from  Rebecca  K.  Masters,  W.  Phila.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
Martha  T.  Cox,  I  rtn.  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  James  McLaugh- 
lin, N.  Y..  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Nathaniel  Barton  and 
Joseph  Barton,  N.  J.,  I? 2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Eliza  J. 
Barton,  City,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Rebecca  W.  Burr,  City, 
$2,  vol.  57;  for  Mary  W.  Kirkbiide,  City,  $2,  vol.  57; 
for  Anne  B.  Pitfield,  City,  $2,  vol.  57;  'from   Samir  ' 


be  destroyed  unless  measures  are  taken  Bell,  City,  $2,  vol.  57:  from  Mil  ward  Richie,  City,  $2, 


ach  of  the  water. 
A  Scientific*  lommission,  consisting  o 

inicri,  Cuiscardi  and  Agiolora  will  go 
Ischia  to-day  to  study  tin' cause  of  the  re 
there.  Twenty  thousand  llorins,  whirl 
lected  toward  a  permanent  exhibition  : 
devoted  to  the  sufferers. 


W.  Reeves,  City,  S2,  vol 
-I'al-  Sarah  K.  Whit, II,  X.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Edward 
ii. I  of  Marshall,  City;  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Sarah  E.  Haines, 
[uake  Pa.,  $2.  vol.  57;  from  Joshua  T.  Ballinzer,  Agent,  Pa., 
i  col-  for  Deborah  G.  Brinlon,  John  Cope,  Joseph  P.  Eld- 
ill  be  ridge,  J.  Jones  McFadgeon,  Jona.  Tomlinson,  Penneli 
I..  Webster,  Isaac  Evans,  Jr.,  Lydia  Yearsley, and  Mar- 


calculated   by   German  Savans,   that  the   total   shall  Fell,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jane  Ann  Passmore, 


Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jacob  Barrett,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from! 
Thomas  Perry,  R.  I.,  for  George  Foster,  George  C.I 
Foster,  John  W.  Foster,  J.  Barclay  Foster,  Mary  Anni 
Shove,  Lydia  F.  Nichols,  Ann  Perry,  Charles  Perry,  Jr.! 
and  Arthur  Perry,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Isaac  Roberts!, 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  "from  Joseph  J.  Hopkins,  Pa.,  82,  vol.! 
57  ;  from  Charles  Stokes,  Agent,  N.  J.,  for  Mary  A. 
Haines,  $4.10,  vols.  56  and  57,  and  for  Elizabeth  T. 
Engle,  Sarah  B.  Haines,  George  Haines,  and  Emetine 
B.  Priekett;  $2,  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Samuel  Betts,  City, 
§2,  vol.  57;  from  Ellis  Haines,  Citv,  $2,  vol.  57;  from! 
Thomas  M.  Harvey,  Agent,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
Nathan  Cook,  Harvey  Murray,  Clarkson  Moore,  Re- 
becca S.  Conard,  Sen.,  Horatio  G.  Cooper,  Zebedee 
Haines,  Lewis  Forsythe.  S.  Morris  Jones,  Joseph  Jacob 
and  Bros.,  William'  Wickersham,  George  T.  Satterth- 
waite,  Thomas  II.  Whitson,  Samuel  Huopes,  and  Rachel 
Philips,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  S.  H.  Headley,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  Sarah  A.  Leeds,  Pa.,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from 
Samuel  J.  Eves,  N.  J.,  $2  vol.  57;  from  Josiah  A. 
Roberts,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Rachel  J.  Shoemaker, 
Ind.,  per  Edward  Richie,  $2,  vol.57;  from  William' 
Berry,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Dr.  Stephen  Wood,  L.  I., 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Robert  Shoemaker,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  William  P.  Smedley,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  George 
Sharpies,  Agent,  Pa.,  $1,  to  No.  52,  vol.  57,  and  for  J. 
Borton  Hayes,  Isaac  Good,  Morris  Cope,  Margaret, 
Maule,  Joshua  Sharpless,  Lydia  Sharpless,  Robert 
Lewis,  Emily  Pu«ey,  Hannah  N.  Harry,  Margaretta  J. 
Mercer,  Mary' Ann  Wickersham,  and  Miry  Ann  Cham- 
bers, Pa.,  and  John  Wood,  O.,  $2  each,  vol.  57 :  from 
Jesse  Haines,  Pa.,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from  Mary  B.  Clement, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jeremiah  Foster,  R.  I.,  $2, 
vol.  57. 

Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  net 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 

NOTICE. 

A  teacher  is  wanted  for  West  Grove  Preparative 
Meeting  School,  for  the  coming  term.  For  further 
formation,  call  on  or  address  Zebedee  Haines,  West 
Grove,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

Any  one  having  any  of  the  original  poems  of  the  late 
Mary  M.  Miller,  would  confer  a  favor  by  sending  copies 
of  them  to  Lydia  M.  Chace,  160S  Dripps  St.,  Kansas 
City,  Missouri. 

NOTICE  TO  TEACHERS,  PARENTS  AND 
OTHERS. 

The  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St., 
Philadelphia,  where  applications  from  teachers  wish- 
ing situations,  and  committees  who  desire  to  employ 
teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 

Please  give  address,  and  full  particulars. 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice  the  Stage  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  M.  trains 
from  Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TUNESASSA. 
Wanted,   a  woman   Friend  to   assist  the  Matron  in 
household  duties.     Apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  street, 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna., 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  street. 


Died,  at  his  residence,  Tuckerton,  Burlington  Co., 
N.  J.,  10th  mo.  4th,  1882,  John  D.  Gifford,  aged  sixty- 
nine  years,  a  member  of  Little  Eggharhor  Particular 
and  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.  This  dear  Friend 
was  afflicted  for  more  than  28  years  with  inflammatory 
rheumatism,  and  for  a  number  of  years  confined  to  Ids 
bed.  These  afflictions  were  borne  will,  remarkable 
Christian  patience  and  resignation  to  the  Divine  will. 

,7th  mo.  14th,  1883,   Anne  PeiECE,  a  member 

of  Northern  District  Monthly  Meeting,  Philadelphia, 
in  the  i  7th  year  of  her  age;  the  last  of  the  children  of 
( 'aleh  and  .lane  Peiree.  iif  ilie  same  city,  whose  circum- 
spect walk  and  loving  care  and  oversight  of  the  lloek 
many  remember  with  gratitude.  Strong  in  her  con- 
victions of  the  truth  and  fulness  of  the  religious  prin- 
ciples promulgated  by  early  friends,  she  never  wavered 
ill  her  loyalty  thereto,  and  endeavored  steadily  to  lire 
them  in  her  daily  walk  and  conversation.  Near  the 
close  of  her  earthly  career  she  said,  "  It  is  all  of  mercy, 
unmerited  mercy ;"  and  again,  "i  know  that  my  Re- 
deemer livelh." 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  EIGHTH  MONTH  25, 


NO.    3. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 

Price,  if  paid  in  advance,  §2.00  per  annum  ;  if  not  paid 

in  advance  $2.50. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH    FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  io.) 

To  M.  M.  S. 

About  11th  mo.  1st,  1840. 
"  I  am  almost  afraid,  1113-  dear  sister,  under 
the  pressure  of  present  feelings,  to  take  up  m>- 
pen,  but  my  mind  has  been  so  much  turned 
towards  your  house  within  the  past  week,  and 
towards  thee  ofttimes  since  we  were  last  to- 
gether, that  I  seem  irresistibly  inclined  to  sit 
down,  and  follow  out  on  paper,  the  thoughts 
that  present  themselves  respecting  thee  and 
perhaps  myself.  *  *  *  Much  instruction 
have  I  received  under  the  pressure  of  suffer- 
ing, and  at  times  close  conflict.  And  the 
longer  I  live,  the  more  convinced  I  am  that 
this  is  the  appropriate  remedy  for  those  in- 
ward and  hidden  corruptions,  which  hinder 
our  full  and  free  access  to  the  fountain  of  im- 
mortal life.  Is  not  this  the  end  we  have  in 
view?  and  shall  we  shrink  in  discouragement 
or  terror  from  the  blessed  means  whereby  our 
garments  are  to  be  purified,  and  we  made 
meet  for  an  inheritance  with  the  saints  in 
light?  Alas,  thou  wilt  say,  whose  sorrow  is 
like  unto  mjT  sorrow?  Who  is  brought  as 
I  am,  to  the  very  gates  of  death  and  the  grave? 
Who  tormented  with  temptation  by  day  and 
by  night,  and  '  on  mine  eyelids  is  the  shadow 
of  death?'  Truly  mj'soul  bends  in  sympathy 
with  thee,  and  while  I  can  assure  thee  that 
nothing  new  has  happened  thee,  do  fervently 
desire  thy  preservation,  and  I  trust  at  times 
the  secret  aspiration  of  my  soul  to  the  God  of 
our  lives  is,  that  his  sustaining  hand  ma}-  be 
underneath,  and  keep  thee  in  the  hour  of 
temptation.  That  apocryphal  sentence,  'My 
son  if  thou  come  to  serve  the  Lord,  prepare 
thjr  soul  for  temptation,'  has  I  believe  been 
realized  in  the  experience  of  every  one  that 
has  ever  known  a  true  preparation  for  the 
Lord's  service;  and  the  apostle  well  observes. 
'  Think  it  not  strange  concerning  the  fiery 
trial  which  is  to  try  you,  as  though  some 
strange  thing  happened  unto  you.'  Abundant 
are  the  testimonies  in  the  Sew  Testament, 
that  this  is  the  mode  whereby  our  faith  is 
tried  and  purified,  and  if  we  take  heed  to  the 
admonition  of  the  same  apostle,  'Be  sober,  be 
vigilant,'  I  believe  we  shall  finalh'  be  enabled 
to  triumph  over  all  the  power  of  the  enemy. 
Great  need  we  have  of  watchfulness  in  these 
seasons,  and  of  '  letting  our  eye  look  at  the 


mark,'  that  '  not  a  temptation  may  take  hold.' 
A  deep  abiding  sense  of  our  own  unworthi- 
ness,  of  our  many  deficiencies,  and  of  out- 
great  weakness,  is  no  evil  symptom  in  the 
sotd.  May  I  not  say,  the  want  of  it  is  too 
much  the  occasion  of  our  being  so  restless 
under  suffering,  so  ready  to  throw  away  the 
shield  of  faith  as  though  it  had  not  been 
anointed  with  heavenly  oil ;  and  to  conclude 
that  we  have  a  hard  path  to  travel  in.  O  my 
dear  sister  and  friend,  have  not  some  of  us 
great  occasion  for  the  purifying  hand  ?  Have 
we  not  been  intrenching  ourselves  in  strong- 
holds, resisting  the  Truth?  And  shall  we 
give  out,  or  start  aside  from  that  which  is  de- 
signed to  bring  us  back  into  the  image  of  out- 
Creator?  Oh,  how  much  of  self  is  there  in 
some  of  us  to  work  out,  before  this  is  brought 
about.  We  may  verily  think  sometimes  that 
we  have  gained  a  little  footing,  are  a  little 
established,  and  may  picture  to  ourselves  that 
we  are  in  a  pretty  good  state;  but  alas  when 
we  meet  with  a  glance  of  that  Eye  which  '  is 
as  a  flame  of  fire,'  how  our  building  of  beaut}- 
tumbles  into  ruins,  and  we  are  led  to  see,  that 
we  are  less  than  nothing,  and  vanity,  in  the 
sight  of  Him  who  seeth  not  as  man  seeth. 
Much  of  this  kind  of  experience  has  fallen  to 
the  lot  of  thy  poor  friend  W.  8.,  who  is  often 
longing  for  settlement  some  place  for  a  taber- 
nacle to  abide  in.  But,  alas,  '  Man  at  his  best 
state  is  altogether  vanity,'  and  I  am  con- 
strained to  acknowledge  that  there  is  reasoji 
to  '  Count  it  all  joy  when  j-c  fall  into  divers 
temptations.' 

Thou  needst  not  feel  as  thou  dost  some- 
times about  the  nature  of  this  solemn  call. 
Can  that  be  constitutional  or  natural  which 
has  a  supernatural  end  in  view  ?  And  is  all 
this  conflict  and  tossing  constitutional  and 
natural,  when  so  opposed  to  our  natural  feel- 
ings; when  we  can  so  sensibly  at  times  per- 
ceive the  omnipotent  Hand  at  work  upon  us, 
easing  the  burden,  stilling  the  winds  of  con- 
flict, and  saying  to  the  waves  and  billows  of 
emotion,  'Peace,  be  still.'  This  has  been  in 
some  degree  thy  experience,  and  as  there  is 
an  endeavor  to  '  stand  still  and  cease  thj'  own 
working.'  will  be  again  known.  O  this  pa- 
tience! this  of  believing  God  in  his  afflictions, 
as  well  as  his  joyful  dispensations!  I  can  say 
I  crave  it  for  thee.  The  enemy  may  endeavor 
to  persuade  thee  indeed,  that  his  reign  has 
begun,  and  well  pleased  would  he  be,  thus  to 
gain  the  ascendancy  over  thee,  but  thou 
knowest  this  is  not  the  ease.  Thj-  heart  still 
says,  '  Thine  are  we  David,  and  thine  thou 
son  of  Jesse.'  Thy  soul  still  loathes  sin,  and 
though  sensible  of  weakness  and  fear,  and 
even  at  times  perhaps  of  backsliding,  jTet  is 
the  language  of  the  Psalmist  at  times  thy 
language,  'As  the  hart  panteth  after  the 
water-brooks,  so  panteth  my  soul  after  thee, 
O  God.'  The  devil  was  a  liar  from  the  begin- 
ning, and  he  retains  his  character  down  to 
this  day.  Let  us  take  heed  then  of  receiving 
that  which  we  see  not  in  the  light,  'lest  we 


give  ear  to  the  enemy.'  Be  patient  and  hope 
to  the  end,  for  they  that  endure  to  the  end 
shall  be  saved.  Much  more  could  I  say  to 
thee,  my  dear  sister,  desiring  as  I  do  for  thee 
not  an  exemption  from  suffering  and  tempta- 
tion, but  patience  to  endure  it,  and  faith,  if 
ever  so  little  (apparently)  to  look  to  the  glori- 
ous end.  May  we  be  engaged  to  resign  our- 
selves to  the  Divine  disposal,  and  to  follow 
the  Lord  in  the  way  of  his  leadings,  whether 
into  suffering  or  rejoicing.  Thus  shall  we 
witness,  through  his  preparing  hand,  our 
hearts  purified,  ami  a  qualification  to  stand 
for  his  blessed  cause  and  testimony  in  the 
earth.  *  *  *  How  exactly  do  these  observa- 
tions of  M.  A.  K.*  meet  our  views  of  the  state 
of  things.  Alas!  I  often  think,  the  glory  is 
departed,  and  emptiness  and  formality,  under 
cover  of  moralit}-,  have  taken  the  place  of 
vital  religion  ;  and  if  this  is  talked  about,  as 
what  ought  to  prevail,  it  really  seems  as  if 
people  stood  aghast,  as  if  it  were  altogether 
out  of  reach  in  this  day.  O,  I  long  to  hear 
the  thunders  of  heaven  resounding  among  us, 
awakening  the  sleepers,  alarming  the  rich  and 
the  full  that  are  settled  at  ease,  and  arousing 
the  lukewarm  :  inviting  all  to  come,  taste  and 
see  that  the  Lord  is  good,  and  that  his  store- 
house of  mercy  is  still  full — that  his  hand  is 
full  of  blessings — that  He  is  still  willing  as 
ever  to  be  a  crown  of  glory,  and  a  diadem  of 
beauty  in  our  assemblies,  when  through  dedi- 
cation of  heart  unto  Him,  we  become  fit  tem- 
ples for  Him  to  dwell  in.  May  I  sa}T,  I  long 
at  times  in  our  meetings  that  the  Lord  would 
touch  the  hearts  of  the  children,  that  He 
would  open  their  ears  to  hear,  and  their  hearts 
to  understand.  That  our  young  men  and 
young  women  might  be  willing  to  hear  the 
voice  of  the  Son  of  God,  and  live.  Till  this 
is  in  some  measure  the  case,  I  believe  there 
is  little  openness  for  the  preaching  of  the  gos- 
pel, and  the  present  service  maj*  be  to  '  Mourn 
between  the  porch  and  the  altar,  saying, 
spare  thy  people,  O  Lord,  and  give  not  thine 
heritage  to  reproach,  lest  the  heathen  rule 
over  them.'  *  *  *  I  look  with  awfulness, 
at  times,  upon  the  station  which  seems  likely 
to  be  allotted  me  in  the  church,  and  of  latter 
time  strong  desires  are  begotten,  that  the 
work  of  purification  may  be  thoroughly  effect- 
ed, and  that  dedication  may  be  experienced 
to  run  the  way  of  the  Lord's  commandments 
when  He  shall  enlarge  my  heart. 

Again,  my  dear  sister,  I  bid  tbee  affection- 
ately farewell.  May  our  eyes  be  fixed  in 
singleness  upon  the  Lord,  our  alone  Helper. 
May  there  be  no  giving  out  or  fainting  by  the 
way,  for  He  is  able  to  finish  that  which  He 
has  begun  in  us,  if  we  do  not  start  aside.  Mj- 
heart  salutes  thee  in  a  fresh  feeling  of  that 
fellowship  which  is  with  the  Father,  and  with 

*  Mary  Ann  Kelty  was  an  English  authoress,  of  the 
present  century.  Among  her  published  works  is, 
"  Early  Days  in  the  Society  of  Friends."  An  adden- 
dum to  this — "Concluding  Address,"  &c, — is  that  lo 
which  allusion  is  here  made  by  W.  S. 


is 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  Introduction  of  the  Bible  into 

•  (Concluded  from  page  13.) 

In  every  quarter  of  Rome  there  are  now 
Protestant  congregations,  whicb  are  dissem 
nating  the  Bible  with  success,  whilst  far  and 
near  inquiry  is  being  pushed  as  to  its  inspira 
tion,  and  superstition  and  error  are  gradually 
succumbing  to  its  truths.  During  the  years 
1871  and  1872  more  than  60,000  copies  of  the 
Scriptures  arrived  likewise  by  post  or  mail 
in  Rome,  directed  to  various  persons,  the 
senders  being  in  most  cases  unknown.  More 
than  20,000  were  issued  b}r  the  Bible  Society  ; 
some  free,  but  by  far  the  largest  portion  pur- 
chased by  Italians. 

In  1872  a  Bible  Society  was  formed,  com- 
posed of  English  and  Italians,  whose  object 
was  to  print  and  publish  an  Italian  Bible, 
bearing  the  stamp  of  the  Government  of  Rome, 
and  an  edition  of  10,000  was  issued.  It  is  an 
interesting  fact,  that  the  cost  of  bringing  out 
this  edition  was  subscribed  for  by  the  F 
day-school  children  of  America.  These  Bibles 
were  soon  sold,  and  further  editions  were 
called  for.  A  Roman  family-Bible  was  also 
published,  and  thousands  were  sold,  and  may 
now  be  found  in  the  palaces  of  the  wealthy, 


the  Son,  and  in  which  I  remain  thy  friend  and 
brother,  W.  S." 

"  12th  mo.  15th,  1840.  *  *  *  A  prayer  is 
sometimes  begotten  that  I  may  be  more  in 
earnest,  and  not  flag  in  the  warfare  which  is 
to  be  maintained  with  the  enemy  of  mj^  soul, 
who  is  ever  ready  and  close  at  hand  to  cause 
us  to  slip.  I  have  seldom  of  late  had  occa- 
sion to  open  my  mouth  publicly,  and  while 
there  is  something  in  me  that  would  fain  be 
doing,  I  have  been  favored  at  times  to  feel 
true  resignation  to  the  Master's  allotment: 
and  fervent  desires  are  raised  that  I  may  be 
so  kept  in  true  humility  before  Him  as  to  be 
preserved  from  any  meddling  in  my  own  will 
and  my  own  way,  in  that  blessed  work  whicb 
if  carried  on  rightly,  must  be  only  by  his  own 
Spirit.  Many  are  the  evidences  in  this  day 
that  a  disposition  prevails  in  some  to  do  the 
Lord's  work  in  their  own  way  and  time;  thus 
is  the  Church  burdened  with  an  unsanctified 
ministry,  which  tends  to  build  up  the  hearers 
in  that  which  is  far  from  the  true  and  sub- 
stantial virtue  which  qualifies  for  becoming 
living  stones  in  the  spiritual  building,  and  in- 
stead of  withdrawing  the  attention  of  people 
from  outward  dependencies,  serves  only  to 
make  them  look  more  to  instrumental  means, 

and  to  heap  to  themselves  teachers  having  land  the  humble  homes  of  the  Italian  artisans, 
itching  ears."  A  Dyglot  Scriptures,  in  Hebrew  and  Italian, 

"2d  mo.  12th,  18-41. — Have  returned  from  especially  prepared  for  the  Jews,  met  with 
our  Quarterly  Meeting  held  at  Woodbury,  great  favor  in  the  Ghetto,  or  Jews' quarter  of 
and  though  somewhat  trying  in  some  respects,  the  city.  A  Jewish  rabbi  even  protected  a 
the  company  of  my  friends  has  been  cheering  Bible  agent,  who  was  attacked  by  a  priest; 
to  me.  and  I  feel  a  little  hope  revived  that  .opening  one  of  the  Bibles,  he  turned  to  Isaiah 
better  days  are  ahead.  *  *  *  May  the  Lord  and,  after  examining  some  of  the  chapters 
continue  to  purge  me  with  hyssop  that  I  may  remarked  to  the  priest,  "  I  can  affirm  to  you, 
be  clean,  and  wash  me  that  I  may  be  whiter  and  will  challenge  any  one  to  dispute  it,  this 
than  snow:  then  will  I  teach  transgressors  Book  is  the  same  as  the  Hebrew  text  written 
his  ways,  and  sinners  shall  be  converted  unto  in  ages  past!"  A  novel  scene,  surely, — a  Jew- 
Him.  My  mouth  has  not  been  opened  in  ish  rabbi  defending  a  Protestant  Bible  against 
public  more  than  once  for  about  tbree  months  'the  attacks  of  a  Roman  Catholic  priest ! 

The  very  interesting  and  well-written  vol- 
ume, "The  Bible  in  Rome,"  from  which  we 
have  drawn  most  of  the  foregoing,  without 
much  change  of  language,  abounds  in  anec- 
dotes, with  which  wo  have  not  thought  pro- 
per to  burden  this  narrative.  Further  perso- 
nal inquiry  has  enabled  us  to  obtain  additional 
information,  and  to  bring  the  story  of  Bible 
progress  in  Rome  down  to  the  latest  date. 

The  British  and  Foreign  and  other  Bible 
Societies  are  still  engaged  in  the  work  of 
Italian  evangelization,  which  is  the  term  used 
to  express  Protestant  Christian  missionary 
labor.  They  employ  fifty-one  colporteurs, 
and  have  numerous  depots  where  the  Bible, 
the  New  Testament  and  parts  of  the  latter  can 
be  purchased.  Wherever  we  saw  one  of  their 
stores  they  seemed  to  us  like  an  oasis  in  the 
desert  of  spiritual  ignorance  and  indifference 
around,  and  we  wore  always  sure  of  a  friend- 
ly greeting  by  the  agent  in  attendance.  The 
societies  referred  to  sold  during  1882,  7980 
Bibles,  19,081  New  Testaments,  and  35,787 
portions  of  the  latter.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  in  the  city  of  Rome  alone  there 
are  one  hundred  thousand  who  cannot  read 
nor  write,  and  that  in  former  years  the  do- 
main! for  Bibles  had  been  generously  supplied. 
The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  alone 
sold,  in  1882,  in  that  City.  340  Bibles,  1300 
New  Testaments  and  1213  portions  of  the 
latter — making  a  total  of  2853.  Besides  these 
active  Bible  agencies,  there  are  Evangelioal 
Publication  Societies,  which  issuo  religious 
books,  tracts  aud  sundry  weekly  and  monthly 


past,  and  I  can  say  that  I  have  been  made 
afresh  sensible  of  theimportanceof  a  thorough 

subjection  of  the  creaturely  will,  wherein 
there  is  no  disposition  to  go  forth  in  our'own 
armor,  but  a  patient  abiding  in  watchful 
singleness  for  the  movements  of  the  great 
Leader.  May  I  not  in  some  degree  adopt  the 
language  of  the  Psalmist,  '  My  soul  is  as  a 
weaned  child.'  O  may  this  be  more  and  more 
my  experience,  and  may  I  now  in  my  going 
forth  to  this  weighty  and  awful  work,  be  en- 
gaged to  cry  mightily  unto  God  for  wisdom 
to  walk  uprightly  before  his  people,  and  that 
in  a  sense  of  my  own  un worthiness,  I  may 
abide  in  true  subjection  aud  humility  before 
Him.  Truly  man  in  his  best  state  is  vanity, 
aud  great  need  there  is  for  us  to  learn  to  stand 
still  in  his  fear,  and  when  in  his  wisdom  He 
is  pleased  to  chastise,  to  hide  his  lace  for  a 
moment,  O  how  needful  to  stand  in  our  watch, 
though  it  may  be  for  whole  nights.  Thus  in 
being  stripped  of  our  own  imaginations,  and 
of  our  own  devisings,  we  shall  witness  a  tak- 
ing root  downward,  when  it  may  seem  as 
though  the  shooting  upward  was  altogether 
done  away  and  out  of  sight,  it  is  a  precious 
thing  in  these  seasons  of  drought  and  temp- 
tation, to  learn  to  stand  still,  and  remember 
that  in  juiciness  and  confidence  shall  be  our 
strength — that  the  Lord  is  the  great  worker 
who  will  bring  us  forward  in  his  own  time 
and  way  to  our  own  peace  and  his  glory." 

(T„  he  continued.) 

iii  pure  silence  there  is  fulness. — M.  Capper. 


periodicals,  and  who  have  numerous  depot;! 
in  the  larger  cities. 

Many  difficulties  have  beset  the  path  o 
those  who  were  foremost  in  introducing  th( 
Bible  into  Rome,  and  in  opening  schools  f'oi 
instruction  in  its  truths.  To  obtain  compe- 
tent teachers  was  very  difficult,  where  all  bad 
been  bred  in  error  or  were  in  spiritual  dark- 
ness. No  one  is  permitted  to  act  as  a  teachei 
unless  he  or  she  has  obtained  a  certificate  from 
the  authorities  that  they  are  competent.  So 
few  could  be  found  qualified  to  become  teach- 
ers of  Bible  truths  that  an  active  missionary 
was  compelled  to  employ  those  who  had  not 
been  endorsed  by  the  authorities,  and  who  oi 
course  were  illegally  acting.  The  ever-  watch- 
ful priests  soon  learned  this  fact,  and  he  was 
compelled  to  close  his  school.  Before  he  could 
meet  with  authorized  teachers  his  lease  ex- 
pired, and  he  found  almost  insuperable  diffi- 
culties placed  in  the  way  of  obtaining  any  new 
premises  for  the  school  ho  designed  to  re- 
open. Every  effort  seemed  unavailing;  the 
priests  having  forestalled  him  or  anticipated 
bim  at  every  turn.  But  he  received  aid  from 
an  unexpected  quarter,  and  found  rooms  in 
an  unlooked-for  region.  A  landlord  came  to 
him  secretly  for  fear  of  the  priests,  and  offered  I 
him  a  suite  of  rooms  near  St.  Peter's,  indeed 
within  300  yards  of  the  guards  of  the  pope' 
and  of  bis  entrance  to  his  residence,  the  Vati- 
can. These  rooms  were  admirably  adapted 
to  his  needs,  and  a  fine  garden  adjoined  suit- 
able for  a  play -ground  for  the  children,  but  it 
seemed  so  like  bravado  to  set  up  a  Protestant 
school  in  the  Leonine  cit}-,  appropriated  to 
the  pope,  and  almost  within  his  hearing,  that 
the  missionary  was  loth  to  accept  the  favor- 
able location.  Finding  all  other  avenues 
closed,  he  finally  leased  these  rooms  and  ad- 
vertised the  removal  of  the  schools  to  the  new 
locality  No.  5  Borgho  Pio. 

The  popish  interests  were  at  once  alarmed, 
and  the  cure  of  St.  Peter's  tacked  a  notice  to 
the  doors  of  his  "church,"  lamenting  that  the 
"heretic  Protestants  had  set  up  a  school  in 
the  very  heart  of  the  sacred  precincts,"  and 
warned  his  parishioners  not  to  send  their  chil- 
dren to  it,  but  to  send  them  to  the  Catholic 
"  Sunday"  school,  where  he  promised  they 
should  be  duly  catechised.  This  proclama- 
tion, however,  seemed  to  have  no  effect  upon 
the  attendance  at  the  new  Protestant  school 
which  retained  its  regular  attenders.  The 
missionary,  led  by  curiosity,  visited  the  Cath- 
olic "Sunday"  school  and  found  there  a  num- 
ber of  children,  and  that  the  instruction  con- 
sisted mainly  in  receiving  a  small  picture  of 
Mary,  costing  about  one  cent!  Happily  nono 
of  his  pupils  were  recognized  among  the  class 
issembled. 

During  the  summer  Rome  is  deserted  by 
the  upper  classes,  and    business  calling  the 

ssionary  to  America,  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  his  rooms  and  gave  up  tho  lease.  His 
mieswere  not  idle  during  bis  absence,  hut 
having  secured  the  lease  of  his  rooms,  pro- 
eeded  to  expurgate  them  of  "all  foul  spirits" 
by  sprinkling  them  with  holy  water,  and 
fumigating  them  with  frankincense  until  they 
believed  that  they  had  rendered  them  again 
titled  for  the  entrance  of  devout  Catholics! 

U'lcr  his  return  to  R  ime,  the  aetive  mis- 
sionary found  every  available  room  in  the 
.ieinity  of  the  Vatican  had  been  secured  by 
the  Romanists;  but  quarters  elsewhere  wore 
opened  to  him  ami  his  work  prospers. 

That  the  work  of  evangelization  will  con- 


THE    FRIEND. 


19 


inue  to  advance  in  Italy,  if  aided  by  those 
vho  sit  in  the  light  of  the  Gospel,  none  can 
loubt.  But  the  people  of  Italy  have  been  so 
3ng  crushed  beneath  the  iron  heel  of  despot- 
sm,  that  their  mental  and  spiritual  elevation 
oust  be  but  gradual.  Ignorance  and  super- 
tition  are  foes  to  human  elevation.  It  is  un- 
[oubtedlj-  among  a  Protestant  people  that  the 
iest  illustrations  of  the  legitimate  influence 
f  the  Gospel  of  Christ  have  been  manifested  ; 
t  is  among  the  nations  in  which  the  Protes- 
ant  spirit  prevails,  that  the  most  highly  civi- 
ized  exhibitions  of  progress  are  to  be  found, 
t  is  spiritual  elevation  that  Italy  needs  more 
ban  any  other  change.  Her  conscience  has 
ieen  degraded  and  needs  stimulus  and  en- 
ightenment.  It  is  in  Protestantism  alone 
hat  she  can  find  these  all  important  aids. 

Ideas  are  accepted  by  the  age  only  that  has 
lecome  prepared  for  their  reception.  The 
veeds  of  old  error  are  stubborn  contenders 
or  the  possession  of  the  soil,  the  hard  clods 
if  hide-bound  adhesion  to  old  habits  must  be 
iroken  by  many  and  deep  plowings  with  the 
hare  of  truth  and  crushing  beneath  the  har- 
ow  of  frequent  agitation,  before  the  fine  tilth 
hall  be  prepared  for  the  nursery  of  the  pre- 
lious  seed  that  shall  grow  until  the  harvest 
or  the  feeding  and  the  blessing  of  the  people. 

Some  of  the  young  preachers  in  Rome  are 
'ery  sanguine  of  the  ultimate  Protestant  pro- 
elyting  of  the  masses;  nor  are  some  of  the 
>lder  reformers  less  so.  One  of  the  tbeologi- 
:al  students  of  Gavazzi's  college  in  Rome,  re- 
lently  said,  "  I  am  twenty  years  old,  I  may 
lope  to  live  fifty  years  more  :  if  I  do,  I  expect 
o  preach  the  gospel  in  St.  Peter's  church, 
father  Gavazzi,  though  advanced  in  age,  said 
o  a  large  audience  some  time  ago,  "I  think 

shall  have  every  thing  I  want  before  I  die. 

have  seen  so  many  hopes  realized — the  in- 
ependence  of  Italy — the  freedom  of  Rome. 

have  been  permitted  to  go  back  to  the 
iternal  city  and  to  preach  the  gospel  in  its 
treets, — so  many  of  my  dreams  have  come 
o  pass,  that  I  despair  of  nothing." 

J.  S.  L. 


prayed,  and  was  preserved.  The  next  day 
the  temptation  was  renewed,  but  having  been 
favored  once  to  get  the  victory,  he  was  enabled 
to  persevere  to  the  end.  I  saw,"  said  S.  B., 
"  the  death-bed  of  the  man,  just  before  he  was 
called  to  his  account.  Oh,  how  humble,  how 
changed,  and  how  happy  !  With  triumphant 
hope  he  joined  the  assembly  of  the  saints  of 
God." 


There  were  swings,  roundabouts,  and  other 
amusements,  and  about  50  brass  bands  sta- 
tioned at  intervals  on  raised  platforms  to  keep 
the  people  lively,  with  grand  stands  for  spec- 
tators, and  a  pavilion  for  royalty  and  their 
guests. 

In  Russia,  tea  is  much  used  as  a  beverage, 
as  much  so  as  in  England.  Tractires  or  tea- 
drinking  houses — like  our  coffee  shops,  but  in 
appearance  with  their  signs  and  attractions 
like  public  houses — occur  every  few  yards, 
where  may  be  seen  poor  people  at  well-filled 
tables  with  two  china  teapots  before  them, 
drinking  tea,  out  of  thick  glass  tumblers, 
sweetened,  with  a  slice  of  lemon,  but  without 
milk,  at  a  small  cost,  about  2d.  for  two  or 
three  glasses. 

This  was  a  good  sign  and  encouraging;  but 

we  saw  more  tipsy  people  than  ever  we  should 

meet  in  any  English  city  in  the  same  time, 

and  found  that  their  spirit  stores  and  dram 

we  should  be!  shops  are  very  numerous  also.     It  is  said  that 

ankful  to  be  an  indulgence  in  spirit  drams  is  about  the  only 


Gather  the  Fragments. 

The  following  account  was  related  by 
amuel  Bettle,  Sr.,  in  a  very  remarkable 
ommunication,  on  First-day,  the  16th  of 
Eleventh  month,  1823,  in  a  meeting  at  Merion. 
He  was  acquainted  with  a  man  of  strong 
nd  fine  natural  abilities,  of  excellent  ebarac- 
er,  and  good  fortune  or  property;  but  this 
lan  bad  one  darling  sin,  one  failing  which, 
iven  way  to,  sullied  all  his  virtues,  and  this 
7as,  inebriety.  Though  he  strove  in  his  own 
rill  against,  it,  yet  it  still  gained  and  kept  do- 
minion over  him,  until  it  destroyed  his  con- 
titution,  and  ruined  him  in  character  and 
ubstance.  Thus,  a  poor,  wretched,  miserable 
eing,  he  found  himself  progressing  rapidly 
>  destruction  ;  and  all  his  strong  resolves 
nd  re-resolves  availed  him  nothing.  One 
ay  he  was  coming  down  stairs  to  take  his 
ual  potation,  yet  sensible  of  the  conse- 
ence  of  so  doing;  but,  of  a  sudden,  he 
rayed  for  help  to  resist  the  temptation.  He 
ttered  no  words;  he  sighed  from  the  bottom 
f  bis  soul  that  God  would  help  a  poor  lost 
feature;  and  his  prayer  was  heard.  On 
iaching  his  room,  instead  of  taking  bis  bot- 
e,  he  took  his  seat  and  remained  in  silence 
}out  half  an  hour.  The  Divine  and  healing 
ower  broke  in  upon  his  mind  ;  he  wept  and 


Notes  by  George  Pitt  on  a  late  Tour  in  Russia 
including  Finland,  Poland,  and  the  Salt 
Uines. 

(Concluded  from  page  n.) 

When  I  first  inclined  to  go  to  Russia,  I 
knew  nothing  of  the  emperor's  coronation. 
When  we  started  on  9th  of  5th  mo.  it  was  said 
to  be  fixed  for  the  15th  inst.,  so  that  in  my 
arrangements  we  had  purposely  avoided  it. 
When  at  Helsingfors,  we  were  told  it  was  put 
off  till  the  22nd,  and  knowi 
at  St.  Petersburg  then,  wer 

away.     We  did  not  go  for  or  care  to  see  such]  creature  comfort  the  wretchedly  poor  people 
sights,  but  to  see  the  country  and  its  people,  have, 
intheir  natural  state.  As  to  passports  they  are  essential  to  travel 

But  when  at  Moscow,  we  found  it  really  in  Russia.  Of  course  we  took  ours  properly 
would  be  on  the  27th,  just  when  we  were  there.' signed  by  the  Russian  Consul  in  London.  On 
As  it  came  to  us,  not  we  to  it,  we  resolved  to  ( the  steamers,  the  railways,  the  hotels,  every- 
seo  it — at  least  the  multitude  of  people,  about'  where youmoveorstop  in  Russia  they  demand 
half-a-million,  assembled  to  witness  it  in  the 'your  passport,  take  it  away  for  hours,  and  at 
Kremlin,  and  the  emperor  and  empress  and  hotels  for  days,  to  submit  it  to  police  exam- 
suite,  as  they  passed  on  a  platform  to  and  ination.  A  ticket-of-leave  man  could  hardly 
from  the  cathedral.  I  be  subjected  to  more  annoyance  and  surveil- 

It  was  but  nonsense  and  vanity.  Tho  em-  lance  and  delay.  At  the  hotels  they  will 
peror  had  to  be  well  guarded  with  row  upon 'come  several  times  to  you  for  all  particulars, 
row  of  soldiers,  and  gendarmes,  and  marines,!  Your  name  and  surname  ?  Your  age  ?  Your 
from  fear  of  assassination ;  but  I  noticed  the  abode?  What  you  are?  Where  you  last 
military  were  kind  and  tolerant  to  the  crowd,' came  from?  Where  you  are  now  going?  The 
showing  them  special  favors  not  allowed  at  name  of  your  wife  ?  Her  father's  name?  and, 
other  times.  |as  the  last  straw  to  break  the  camel's  back, 

Those  who  are  unused  to  a  compact  crowd  the  climax  of  indignities,  "What  is  the  age  of 
in  a  limited  space  can  have  little  idea  of  its1  your  wife?'  If  anything  would  tempt  a  man 
pressure  and  fatigue,  but  it  did  not  daunt  or.  to  tell  a  fib  that  might  do  it ;  and  as  if  to  add 
discourage  us.  To  witness  a  sea  of  whito  faces  injury  to  insult,  they  do  not  forget  to  charge 
of  half-a'-million  is  a  sight  rarely  to  be  met'you  for  these  indignities  from  Is.  to  2s. 
with  and  long  to  be  remembered.  I      We  have  travelled   through   almost  every 

In  the  evening  we  saw  the  illuminations  on  country  in  Europe— France,  Italy,  Germany, 
a  scale  of  magnificence  and  grandeur  unknown  'Holland,  Austria,  Turkey,  as  well  as  Greece, 
in  England.  The  Kremlin,  the  surrounding'  Egypt,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  with- 
gardens,  the  towers,  the  cathedrals,  the  quays',  out  being  scarcely  asked  for  our  passport,  we 
the  public  buildings  and  shops,  and  most  pri-|  therefore  felt  a  natural  scorn  and  contempt 
rate  houses  were  one  mass  of  lights,  festooned  for  the  uncivilized  conduct  of  Russia  in  this 
from  top  to  bottom.  The  colored  glass  lamps1  matter,  which  seems  a  century  behind  her 
which  held  the  illuminating  thick  tallow  can-!  neighbors.  There  must  be  something  wrong- 
dies  were  not  paltry  ones  like  those  we  use,' at  the  core  of  its  government,  which  fears  to 
but  like  gas  moons,  manufactured  specially  ■  rule  by  the  affections  of  its  people,  and  treats 
and  expensively.  There  must  have  been  ajthem  as  criminals  unfit  and  unsafe  to  move 
million  of  tbem,  as  I  am  sure  there  was  morej  without  the  written  permission  of  its  rulers. 
than  a  million  of  people  to  witness  it.  In  ajSuch  conductsavors  oftyj-anny  and  barbarity, 
four  hours'  continual  walk  the  crowd  was  in- 
tense. 

We  went  to  see  the  vast  plains  four  miles 
on  the  S.  W.  of  Moscow,  whero  the  emperor 
had  arranged  to  treat,  entertain,  and  amuse 
the  poor  people  on  account  of  his  coronation, 
and  the  sixth  day  after  it.     It  was  on  a  vast 


When  we  crossed  the  Russian   borders  into 
Austria  we  seemed  to  breathe  a  freer  air. 

When  wo  left  Petersburg  the  distance  we 
had  to  travel  on  our  proposed  route  home  was 
2350  miles.  We  left  Moscow  the  day  after 
the  coronation,  for  Smolensk,  Minsk,  Brieste, 
and  Warsaw,  a  total  distance  of  81-t  miles, 
scale  to  accommodate  an  expected  million  ofi  Travellers  in  long  Russian  journeys  by  rail 
people,  who   actually  came.     They  were  to  take  tea  and  teapots  with  them,  and  at  chief 


eceive  each  a  china  mug  with  the  emperor's 
name  on  it  as  long  as  the  400,000  lasted. 
These  mugs  they  could  get  filled  with  beer  or 
mead  at  the  temporary  refreshment  stores 
inside  the  enclosure  as  often  as  they  liked. 
They  also  received  pork  pies,  sweatmeats,  &c. 
There  were  four  enormous  theatres  and  a 
monster  circus  improvised  for  the  occasion, 
giving  several  performances  free  to  the  people. 


stopping  stations  can  obtain  boiling  water. 
We  did  so  two  or  three  times  in  the  day  and 
night,  quietly  enjoying  our  English  tea,  with 
potted  milk,  and  our  provisions,  chatting 
about  uncles,  aunts,  or  what  not  by  the  hour 
together,  ovor  our  al-fresco  tea-table  in  the 
train. 

As    we   passed    Borodina,    Smolensk,    and 
Beresina,  we  remembered  thegreatand  dread- 


50 


THE    FRIEND. 


ful  events  which  took  place  at  these  places  to 
Napoleon's  army  in  bis  Russian  campaign  of 
1812.  He  started  from  France  with  over  half- 
a-million  men,  fought  60  battles,  and  marched 
2000  miles.  At  Vitespk,  not  far.  from  Smo- 
lensk, he  had  still  an  army  of  200,000,  and 
there  fatally  decided  to  march  on  to  Moscow. 
In  his  retreat,  soon  after,  his  army  at  Bere- 
sina  River  Pass  was  reduced  to  60,000,  and 
here,  it  is  said,  he  lost  out  of  them  36,000  in 
one  day,  besides  hundreds  of  guns  and  an 
enormous  lot  of  baggage  and  ammunition. 

In  Poland  we  remarked  Jews  were  every- 
where numerous,  and  in  Warsaw,  its  capital, 
there  are  said  to  be  30,000  out  of  a  population 
of  400,000.  •  The  wide  river  Vistula  divides 
the  stately  city  into  two  parts,  the  lower,  or 
Praga,  is  where  the  tremendous  battles  have 
taken  place — the  Poles  fighting  for  independ- 
ence, the  Russians  for  conquest.  Suwarrow, 
the  Russian  general,  is  said  to  have  butchered 
30,000  people  in  cold  blood,  on  conquering 
them  on  this  spot. 

Wo  are  apt  to  think  of  the  Poles  as  an  op- 
pressed race,  furious  with  burning  indigna- 
tion against  the  Russians,  but,  truth  to  tell, 
you  cannot  trace  the  outward  and  visible 
signs  of  it  at  Warsaw.  The  late  Emperor 
Alexander  II.,  to  reconcile  them,  built  them 
a  magnificent  iron  bridge  over  the  Vistula, 
1600  feet  long,  or  nearly  a  third  of  a  mile,  con- 
necting the  upper  city,  on  a  hill,  with  the 
lower,  or  Praga,  on  a  flat.  The  city  has  a  de- 
cided appearance  of  wealth,  prosperity,  con- 
tentment, and  refinement.  The  contrast  be- 
tween its  inhabitants  and  the  Russians  is 
marked  in  the  extreme.  They  are  so  grace- 
ful, genteel,  educated,  and  dignified,  it  is  hard 
to  believe  you  are  in  Russian  dominions. 
Many  stately  business  houses  bespeak  many 
thriving  merchant  princes.  The  country 
around  for  50  miles  is  highly  cultivated,  not 
a  spare  yard  of  land,  not  a  weed  to  be  seen, 
the  variety  and  excellence  of  the  crops  indi- 
cating the  care  and  industry  bestowed  on  the 
land.  They  are  a  pattern  and  a  shame  to 
Russia.  Large  factories,  too,  employing  steam 
power,  are  of  frequent  occurrence.  The  peo- 
ple, especially  the  women,  are  extremely  fair, 
almost  to  a  fault. 

On  the  second  day  hero  we  passed  on  by 
rail  250  miles  south  to  Cracow,  in  Austria, 
once  the  Polish  capital.  Our  object  in  thus 
going  out  of  our  way  was  to  visit  the  famous 
Salt  Mines,  10  miles  south  of  this  city.  In  a 
common  well-circulated  English  book  called 
"  Wonders  of  Nature  and  Art,"  these  mines 
aro  very  greatly  extolled  in  such  glowing 
language  that  you  fancy  they  must  be  the 
greatest  wonder  amongst  the  wonders  of  the 
world,  eclipsing  the  Pyramids,  Vesuvius,  or 
Pompeii.  After  visiting  them,  I  can  only  say 
that  there  is  little  interesting  or  extraordinary 
about  them.  I  should  think  the  man  who 
wrote  the  article  had  an  interest  in  them,  and 
was  not  an  independent  and  faithful  wit- 
ness. 

A  I,  Berlin  we  rested  four  days.  Being  our 
third  visit,  we  were  at  home,  enjoyed  daily 
swimming  baths  in  the  river  Spree,  sitting  in 
the  shade  of  Unter-den-Linden,  or  strolling 
in  the  Thior  Garten,  the  Hyde  Park  of  Berlin. 
Kroll's  Gardens,  and  a  Sanitary  Exhibition 
then  on,  attended  by  30,000  people,  wo  visited, 
and  both  were  marvels  of  tasto  and  splendor. 
But  the  one  new  thing  worth  recording  is  the 
opening  of  their  city  and  ring  railway.  The 
ring  embraces  a  circle  of  20  miles  round  the 


suburbs  of  Berlin,  trains  completing  the  ci 
in  one  and  a  half  hours. 

The  city  railway  is  connected,  and  cuts 
across  the  heart  of  the  city  and  middle  of  the 
ring  like  a  diameter.  Trains  of  the  latest 
pattern,  and  at  low  fares,  run  every  three 
minutes,  stopping  about  each  half  mile.  It  is 
not  underground  like  ours  in  London,  but  ele 
vated  like  New  York;  yet,  instead  of  being 
ugliness  pure  and  simple  as  that  is,  it  is  of  the 
most  substantial,  elegant,  and  ornamental 
stjde.  Stations  are  in  the  most  central  spots. 
When  wanted,  there  they  are.  When 
wanted,  the  rail  pops  out  of  sight  through  the 
back  of  some  back  street,  quay,  or  unused 
ground,  never  running  along  highwaj'S,  and 
where  it  crosses  them  the  bridges  are  con- 
structed so  pretty  and  ornamental  as  to  please 
rather  than  shock  the  most  refined  taste. 

The  Germans  look  a  heavy  people;  but  in 
the  matter  of  fine  arts  they  are  studying  their 
work  well,  and  I  perceive,  by  this  excellent 
railwaj7,  will  be  able  to  hold  their  own  in  the 
world's  race  for  proficiency  in  arts  and  sci- 
ences. 

From  Berlin  we  came  to  Hamburg  (176 
miles),  and  unexpectedly  met  with  our  good 
ship  the  Rainbow  to  bring  us  back  to  Lon- 
don. The  crew,  from  the  captain  downwards, 
showed  us  the  kindness  of  friends. 

Midway  between  Hamburg  and  London  we 
passed  a  fleet  of  fishing  boats.  I  counted  186, 
attended  by  two  steamers,  waiting  to  bring 
what  fish  they  might  catch  in  the  night 
quickly  up  for  the  London  markets. 

We  had  a  lovely  passage,  and  a  very  quick 
one,  of  36  hours,  enabling  us  to  reach  home 

day  before  expected. 

As  to  ways  and  means,  there  was  much 
more  of  ways  than  means.  Two  of  us  had 
been  out  33  days,  and  our  total  expenses  were 
£27.  We  had  travelled  over  4000  miles,  or  an 
average  of  124  miles  each,  dail}'.  The  entire 
cost  of  travelling  fares  for  the  two  for  33  days 
was  £17  18s.  10d.,  or  10s.  lOd.  a  day. 

I  name  these  particulars  for  the  benefit  of 
my  many  poor  friends,  that  they  may  see  dis- 
tant travels  need  not  cost  much  if  rightly 
managed.  Had  we  bushels  of  gold  we  would 
not  desire  greater  comforts  than  we  obtained, 
better  cleanliness 'than  we  found,  or  greater 
nterest  and  pleasure  than  we  enjoyed;  I 
might  add,  or  more  civility  and  kindness  than 
we  received. 

To  sum  up,  we  think  our  entire  journey 
was  a  highly  favored  one,  and  thankfully  be- 
lieve that  a  kind  providence  watched  over 
and  cared  for  us  all  through. 

Mitcharn,  Surrey,  6th  mo.  14th,  1883. 

[A  friend  has  placed  in  our  hands  the  fol- 
lowing beautiful  poems,  written  many  years 
ago  by  Susan  Lloyd,  sister  of  our  late  valued 
friend  Mary  Ann  Lloyd,  which,  so  far  as  we 
know,  have  never  before  been  published.  Our 
attention  was  arrested  by  the  petition  in  the 
last  stanza  but  one  of  the  first  of  tho  pieces, 
that 

"  The  blood  of  the  Lamb 
May  wash  from  my  soul  every  sin  ;" 
and  its  connection  with  the  desire  expressed 
n    the    two    following    lines  to   be   cleansed 
1  without  and  within." 

This  cleansing  is  effected  through  the  heart- 
changing  operations  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Re- 
deemer— as  the  apostle  testified—"  Ye  are 
washed,  ye  are  sanctified,  ye  are  justified,  in 
name  of  the  Lord  Josus,  and  by  the  Spirit 


of  our  God."  It  is  an  indispensable  work,  fo- 
"  Without  holiness  no  man  shall  see  the  Lord." 
And  without  submission  thereto  we  cannot- 
fully  partake  of  the  blessings  intended  to  be 
conveyed  to  man  through  our  holy  Redeemer. 
The  soul  is  not  washed  from  sin.  as  petitioned 
for  by  the  poet,  unless  it  is  really  cleansed 
from  its  pollution  by  that  saving  Grace,  which 
has  appeared  unto  all  men,  and  which  teaches 
to  "deny  all  ungodliness  and  worldly  lusts, 
and  to  live  soberly,  righteously  and  godly."] 

I  ask  dearest  Father!  to  know 

That  this  cup  thro'  thy  mercy  is  mine, 

I  ask  on  my  sufferings  below, 

That  the  light  of  thy  countenance  shine. 

I  ask  in  the  midnight  dark  hour, 

The  hand  of  thy  love  to  descry  ; 
To  feel  that  thy  Grace  and  thy  power, 

In  the  depth  of  my  anguish  is  nigh. 

I  ask  at  the  breaking  of  day, 

My  covenant,  Lord,  to  renew; 
To  know  that  thou  orderest  my  way, 

A  Saviour,  most  faithful  and  true. 

I  ask  that  my  faith  may  not  fail, 

That  my  hope  and  my  trust  be  secure, 

That  when  fears  and  temptations  assail, 
I  may  lean  on  thy  promises  sure. 

I  ask  for  the  spirit  of  prayer, 

The  voice  of  thanksgiving  and  praise, 

Thy  mercy  to  seek  and  declare, 
To  the  end  of  my  suffering  days. 

I  ask  that  the  blood  of  the  Lamb 
May  wash  from  my  soul  every  sin  ; 

That  He  take  me,  impure  as  I  am, 
And  cleanse  me  without  and  within. 

For  in  Heaven,  the  abode  of  the  blest, 

Unholiness  never  can  come; 
And  I  plead — in  thy  time — for  a  rest 

In  that  blissful  and  glorified  home. 
6th  mo.  1st,  1856. 

My  petitions,  dear  Lord,  have  been  heard, 

And  answered  as  seemeth  thee  best; 
Thy  will  and  not  mine  been  prefered, 

Whilst  delayed  is  my  season  of  rest. 

For  wearisome  nights  are  appointed  me  still, 
And  each  day  tells  of  weakness  and  pain, 

The  spirit  is  languid,  the  body  lies  ill. 
Though  thy  smile  comes  again  and  again. 

And  thy  whispers  are  sweet  as  they  fall  on  my  ear, 

The  soft  whispers  of  mercy  and  love, 
Repeating  the  language  "Thy  rest  is  not  here, 

Thv  home  and  thy  rest  are  above." 
12th  mo.  30th,  1856. 


TO  AN  AGED  CHRISTIAN. 
Heaven  bless  thee,  aged  Christian  ! 

And  speed  thee  on  thy  way, 
Beam  brightly  on  the  closing 

Of  thy  dedicated  day ; 
The  shades  of  eve  are  lengthening 

And  clear  those  shadows  fall, 
No  cloud  in  thy  horizon 

No  darkness  to  appal. 

Thou  hast  nobly  borne  thy  burden 

In  the  vineyard  of  thy  Lord, 
And  the  new  wine  of  the  kingdom 

Will  be  soon  thy  rich  reward. 
Thy  tent  of  earthly  pilgrimage 

A  ruined  heap  shall  be, 
But  above  are  many  mansions 

And  there  is  one  for  thee. 

Then  faint  not  aged  pilgrim, 

Then  upward  turn  thine  eye, 
And  read  through  beauteous  vistas, 

Thy  title  to  the  sky. 
But  these  are  feeble  glimpses, 

Unworthy  to  compare 
With  the  bright  unbounded  rapture, 

That  shall  shine  around  thee  there. 

Temptations  are  instructions  when  resisted. 


THE    FRIEND. 


•21 


List  of  Agents. 

We  append  herewith  a  list  of  Agents  to 
whom  applications  may  be  made  and  who 
are  authorized  to  receive  payment  for  "  The 
Friend." 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

William  B.  Oliver,  Lynn. 

NEW   YORK. 

John  B.  Foster,  Pleasantville,  Westchester  Co. 
Eobert  Knowles.  Smyrna,  Chenango  Co. 
Nicholas  D.  Tripp,  Poplar  Ridge,  Cayuga  Co. 
Joshua  Haight,  Somerset,  Niagara  Co. 
Jacob  P.  Bell,  Rochester. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

John  Trimble,  Concordville,  Delaware  Co. 
Joshua  T.  Ballinger,  West  Chester. 
Thomas  M.  Harvey,  West  Grove,  Chester  Co. 
George  Sharpless,  London  Grove,  Chester  Co. 
Benjamin  Gilbert,  Yohoghany,  Westmoreland 

Cb. 
Reuben  Battin,  Shunk  P.  O.,  Sullivan  Co. 

NEW    JERSEY. 

Charles  Stokes,  31  ed ford,  Burlington  Co. 
Joel  Wilson,  Rahway. 
William  Carpenter,  Salem. 

NORTH    CAROLINA. 

Benjamin  P.  Brown,   Woodland  Post  Office, 

Northampton  Co. 
William  B.  Hockett,  Centre,  Guilford  Co. 

OHIO. 

George  Blackburn,  Salem,  Columbiana  Co. 

Daniel  Williams,  Flushing,  Belmont  Co. 

Asa  Garretson,  Barnesville,  Belmont  Co. 

Joshua  Brantingham,  Winona,  Columbiana 
Co. 

James  R.  Kite,  Pennsville,  3Iorgan  Co. 

Dr.  Isaac  Huestis,  Chester  Hill,  31organ  Co. 

Parker  Hall,  Harrisvillo,  Harrison  Co. 

Jehu  L.  Kite,  Damascus,  Columbiana  Co. 

William  H.  Blackburn,  East  Carmel,  Colum- 
biana Co. 

Edmund  S.  Fowler,  Bartlett,  Washington  Co. 

Seth  Shaw,  East  Fairfield,  Columbiana  Co. 

John  Carey,  Gurneyville,  Clinton  Co. 

INDIANA. 

Israel  Hall,  Thorntown,  Boone  Co. 
William  S.  Elliott,  Fairmount,  Grant  Co. 
Nathan  Pearson,  Westfield,  Hamilton  Co. 
William  Robinson,  Winchester,  Randolph  Co. 
James  Maulsby,  Danville,  Hendricks  Co. 
3Iilton  Stanley,  Plainfield,  Hendricks  Co. 

IOWA. 

Pearson  Hall,  West  Branch,  Cedar  Co. 

Thomas  Emmons,  Coal  Creek,  Keokuk  Co. 

Abner  Eldridge,  31uscatine. 

Samuel  W.  Stanley,  Springville,  Linn  Co. 

Richard  Mott,  Viola,  Linn  Co. 

George  M'Nichols,  Earlham,  3Iadison  Co. 

CALIFORNIA. 

John  Bell,  San  Jos6,  Santa  Clara  Co. 

CANADA. 

Thomas  J.  Rorke,  Heathcote,  County  Grey, 
Ontario. 

GREAT    RRITAIN. 

Joseph  Armfield,  South  Place  Hotel,  Fins- 
bury,  E.  C.  London. 
Agents  and  others  sending  the  names  of 
new  subscribers  will  please  be  careful  to  state 
that  fact  distinctly  in  their  communication 
and  in  all  cases  of  change  of  address,  the  name 
of  the  office  to  which  the  paper  has  been 
sent,  as  well  as  that  to  which  it  is  now  to  be 
forwarded. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Items,  &c. 

Pilgrimage. — Nearly  1000  persons  left  Ot- 
tawa, Canada,  one  night,  near  the  last  of  the 


7th  month,  on  the  annual  pilgrimage  to  the 
shrine  of  St.  Anne  de  Beaupre.  They  were 
accompanied  by  the  Roman  Catholic  Bishop 
of  Ottawa  and  a  number  of  priests.  Among 
the  pilgrims  were  "scores  of  invalids  on 
crutches  and  blind  men  and  women,"  who 
hope  to  be  cured  through  the  intercession  of 
St.  Anne. 

Casting  Sins  into  the  Sea. — A  strange  scene 
was  witnessed  by  an  English  visitor  at  Odessa 
on  the  first  day  of  the  present  Jewish  year. 
Late  in  the  afternoon  a  large  number  of  the 
50,000  or  60,000  Jews  inhabiting  Odessa 
wended  their  way  toward  the  sea  with  the 
purpose  of  throwing  their  last  year's  sins 
'nto  it,  in  order  to  begin  the  now  year  with 
a  clean  soul.  They  stood  about  in  groups, 
closely  packed  together  in  some  places,  look- 
ing toward  the  water,  reciting  prayers  or 
reading  Psalms,  or  a  portion  of  Isaiah.  The 
groups"  were  formed  for  the  most  part  of 
Msteners,  with  a  man,  and  in  a  very  few 
nstances,  a  woman — an  old  woman  with 
spectacles  on  her  thoroughly  Jewish  nose — 
reading  to  them.  Some  of  the  people  turned 
their  pockets  inside  out  and  shook  them  to- 


of  this  road  have  been  permitted  to  enjoy  the 
sweets  of  one  day's  quietness  and  rest  in  the 
week,  without  financial  injustice  to  anyone. 
Protestant  Schools  in  France. — The  director 
of  the  Normal  School  of  Courbevoise,  France, 
pleased  as  well  as  surprised  his  audience  at 
the  recent  Official  Reformed  Synod  of  Paris 
when  he  stated  that  at  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century  there  was  but  one  Protestant 
school  in  France,  while  now  there  are  2,000 
such  schools. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Falls  of  St.  Anthony.— The  bed  rock  of  the 
3Iississippi  at  this  point  is  a  stratum  of  mag- 
nesian  limestone  11  feet  thick,  which  is  under- 
laid by  a  very  soft  sandstone.  This  sandstone 
is  rapidly  worn  away  by  the  action  of  the 
water,  and  the  limestone  being  thus  under- 
mined breaks  off.  The  falls  receded  so  rapidly 
on  this  account  as  to  create  uneasiness,  as 
the}'  furnish  the  water  power  for  the  great 
flour  mills  of  3finneapolis.  A  tunnel  was 
dug  in  the  sand  rock  for  a  tail  race,  but  the 
river  broke  in  at  the  upper  end.  The  United 
ward  the  sea.  Others  merely  made  a  sign  of  States  government  granted  an  appropriation 
throwing  something  into  it. — Leisure  Hour,  on  the  ground  that  the  wearing  away  of  the 
Bishop  Colenso. — His  demise  has  attracted  falls  would  injure  navigation  above  ;  and 
>re  than  ordinary  attention,  and  called  finally  a  tunnel  1875  feet  in  length  was  dug 
forth  more  than  ordinary  comment.  He  was'across,  through  the  sand  rock,  from  the  lime- 
the  staunch  friend  of  Cetewayo,  the  sable  stone  overhead  to  the  sound  rock  below,  somo 
monarch  of  Zulu,  and  it  was  chiefly  owing  to  40  feet,  and  solidly  filled  with  concrete.  This 
his  persistent  and  chivalrous  championship  has  successfully  shut  off  the  water  which 
that  the  king  visited  England  and  was  par- J  worked  its  way  through  the  soft  sandstone, 
tially  restored  to  his  kingdom.  Colenso  was  Protecting  Carrier  Pigeons. — German  keep- 
appointed  Bishop  of  Natal  in  1853,  and  nine  ers  of  carrier  pigeons  are  adopting  from  the 
years  later  he  published  his  work  on  the  Chineso  the  following  ingenious  method  of 
Pentateuch  and  Book  of  Joshua,  the  heterodox  I  protecting  the  sagacious  messengers  against 
sentiments  in  which  caused  so  great  a  sensa-1  attacks  from  birds  of  prey.  They  fasten  to 
tion  and  led  to  bis  deposition  by  Convocation,  j  the  tail  feathers  a  compact  system  of  reeds, 
He  was  sustained  in  his  Bishopric,  however,  eight  or  ten  in  number,  not  weighing  over  a 
by  the  Pi-ivy  Council,  and  the  Court  of  Chan-igrain  or  two,  which  in  the  passage  of  the 
eery  compelled  the  Council  of  the  Colonial ( pigeon  through  the  air,  emits  a  whistling 
Bishoprics  Fund  to  pay  him  the  income  at-^ound  shrill  enough  to  scare  the  would-be 
tached  to  his  office.     He  was  sixty-nine  years  depredators. 

of  age  when  he  passed  away.  I      Use  of  the  Audiphone. — The  experiment  of 

Hum  in  Madagascar. — The  correspondent  teaching  partially  deaf  children  to  hear  by 

of  the  London  Standard  at  Tamatave  writes  the   use  of  the  audiphone,   which    has   been 

that  the  huts  of  the  inhabitants  are  built  of  tried   for  some  time  past  at  the  Nebraska 


bamboos,  palm  leaves,  and  the  staves  of  rum- 
casks,  and  that  in  every  hut  there  is  a  cask 
of  rum  on  tap.  It  is  a  sad  fact  that  wherever 
Europeans  have  gone  tbey  have  spread  the 
devastating  influence  of  intoxicating  drink. 
The  London  31issionary  Society  has  done 
much  work  in  3Iadagascar,  and  through  its 
efforts  multitudes  of  the  natives  have  been 
brought  to  Christianity.  But  the  foreign 
ships  carried  rum  as  weil  as  missionaries,  and 
the  devil  has  made  use  of  it  as  a  powerful 
engine  of  destruction,  so  that  large  numbers 
of  the  inhabitants  have  been  going  down  to 
drunkards'  graves,  and  thousands  are  slaves 
to  intoxication  to-day.  O,  that  there  might 
be  a  universal  uprising  for  the  overthrow  of 
this  great  curse  of  the  age  ! 

Observance  of  the  First-day  of  the  Week. — 
The  Railway  Age  reports  that  the  stoppage 
of  trains  on  the  First-day  of  the  week  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  and  Chicago  Road, 
except  those  carrying  the  mail,  has  not  caused 
any  loss  to  the  finances  of  the  company.  The 
president  of  the  road  stated  that  its  business 
during  the  Sixth  month  "  has  been  larger 
than  ever  before,  and  the  aggregate  earnings 
the  largest  on  record."  The  Age  adds,  that  it 
is  very  gratifying  to  know  that  the  employes 


Institute  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  at  Omaha, 
has  proved  entirely  successful.  The  teacher 
points  to  an  object,  and  then  speaks  its 
name  with  verj-  clear  pronunciation.  By  this 
means  the  pupils  soon  associate  the  sounds 
of  the  words  with  the  objects  they  designate, 
and  it  is  not  long  before  they  begin  to  pro- 
nounce the  words  themselves.  These  results 
indicate  the  speedy  adoption  of  the  audiphone 
as  a  help  to  instruction  in  all  institutions  for 
the  benefit  of  this  unfortunate  class  of  our 
fellow-beinars. 

The  Oldest  Bank-notes.— The  oldest  bank- 
notes are  the  "  flying  money,"  or  "  convenient 
money,"  first  issued  in  China,  2697,  b.  c. 
Originally  these  notes  were  issued  by  the 
Treasury,  but  experience  dictated  a  change 
to  the  system  of  banks  under  Government 
inspection  and  control.  A  writer  in  a  pro- 
vincial paper  says  that  the  early  Chinese 
"greenbacks"  were  in  all  essentials  similar 
to  the  modern  bank-notes,  bearing  the  name 
of  the  bank,  the  date  of  issue,  the  number  of 
the  note,  the  signature  of  the  official  issuing 
it,  indication  of  its  value  in  figures,  in  words, 
and  in  the  pictorial  representation  of  coins  or 
heaps  of  coins  equal  in  amount  to  its  face 
value,  and  a  notice  of  the  pains  and  penalties 


22 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  counterfeiting.  Over  arid  above  all  was  a 
laconic  exhortation  to  industry  and  thrift— 
"  Produce  all  you  can  ;  spend  with  economy." 
The  notes  were  printed  in  blue  ink  on  paper 
made  from  the  fibre  of  the  mulberry  tree. 
One  issued  in  1399,  b.  c,  is  preserved  in  the 
Asiatic  Museum  at  St.  Petersburg. 

Sanitary  Precautions  for  Type  Founders. — 
At  the  instance  of  the  chief  of  the  Berlin 
police,  some  sanitary  precautions  addressed 
to  operative  type  founders  have  been  drawn 
up,  and  a  printed  copy  has  been  displayed  in 
every  local  type  foundry.  The  operatives 
are  reminded  that  a  thorough  washing  with 
soap  of  the  hands  and  face  prior  to  any  meal 
is  one  of  the  most  effective  methods  of  pre- 
venting the  absorption  into  the  human  system 
of  the  lead  dust  floating  in  the  air  of  type 
foundries.  The  mouth  should  also  be  well 
rinsed  each  time;  while  eating  and  drinking 
in  the  work-room  are  to  be  avoided.  Opera- 
tives should  brush  their  clothes  well  when 
leaving  work,  and  should  frequently  take 
baths.  It  is  added  that  if  these  precautions 
were  more  generally  adopted  cases  of  lead 
poisoning  would  be  of  rarer  occurrence  than 
they  are  now. 

Increase  of  Vipers  in  France. — The  number 
of  vipers  has  so  greatly  increased  in  the 
French    rural   districts   since    these   reptiles 


steel,  thus  enabling  it  to  resist  not  only  the 
wear  upon  the  steel  rail,  but  the  still  more 
destructive  grip  of  the  brakes,  and  its  average 
"  life"  is  not  far  from  one  hundred  thousand 
miles  of  service.  The  process  by  which  the 
hardening  of  the  tread  is  produced  is  called 
"chilling,"  and  is  somewhat  analogous  to 
the  "tempering"  of  steel.  A  mould  "is  made 
in  sand  from  a  wooden  pattern,  the  moist 
sand  is  pressed  by  the  moulder  against  both 
sides  of  the  pattern  with  a  hand  rammer, 
and  it  is  then  sufficiently  tenacious  to  enable 
the  pattern  to  be  carefully  removed  without 
destroying  the  mould  ;  this  "sand  mould"  is 
enclosed  in  a  ring  made  of  iron  called  the 
"chill  mould,"  whose  internal  face  has  beei 
previously  turned  upon  a  lathe  to  form  th 
tread  and  flange  of  the  wheel  ;  numerous  air 
passages,  or  vents,  are  made  through  the 
sand  with  a  long  needle  to  permit  the  gentle 
escape  of  highly  explosive  gases  which  are 
formed  when  the  molten  iron  is  running  into 
the  mould  ;  the  stream  of  glowing  fluid  iron 
quickly  fills  the  hollow  space  between  the 
upper  and  lower  sides  of  the  sand  mould,  and 
running  to  the  edge  comes  in  contact  with 
the  iron  ring,  or  chill  mould,  this  being  a 
much  better  conductor  of  heat  than  the  sand 
mould,  chills  the  rim  of  the  casting,  not  only 
congealing  the  iron  instantly,  but  causing  it 


have  ceased  to  be  used  in  the  preparation  ofl  to  crystalize  (to  a  depth  of  about  half  an  inch ) 
drugs,  that  in  harvest  time  they  become  a  in  beautiful  parallel  filaments,  as  white  as 
great  nuisance  to  farm  laborers,  causing  silver  and  nearly  as  hard  as  diamond  The 
serious  and  oven  fatal  bites.  The  French  portion  of  the  wheel  forming  the  plate  or 
Minister  of  the  Interior,  at  the  request  of  sides  cools  more  slowly,  is  not ;"  chilled  "  and 
different  municipalities,  has  therefore  decided  its  texture  is  the  same  as  that  of  ordinary 


to  offer  a  reward  for  the  destruction  of  these 
pests,  and  has  addressed  instructions  to  the 
prefects  to  request  the  Councils-General  to 
vote  the  necessary  sums.  The  reward  is  to 
be  50  centimes  in  most  departments,  and  1 
franc  in  those  in  which  the  reptiles  are  ex- 
ceptionally numerous. 

Genesis  of  a  Car  Wheel— It  is  estimated 
that  there  are  ten  million  car  wheels  whirling 
over  this  country  at  the  present  moment, 
conveying  millions  of  passengers  and  more 
millions  of  tons  of  freight  to  and  fro  across 
the  continent  at  an  average  speed  of  twenty- 
five  miles  an  hour  for  passengers,  and  often 
forty  miles.  How  many  of  the  hurrying 
multitude  who  trust  their  lives  on  tbe'rail^ 
pause  to  consider  the  admirable  mechanism 
by  which  these  great  results  are  accom- 
plished? How  many  complex  problems  have 
been  solved  in  the  gradual  evolution  of  the 
old-time  stage  coach  into  the  modern  iron 
horse  and  his  train  ? 

Take,  for  example,  a  car  wheel,  one  of  the 
simplest  parts  of  a  railway  train  ;  it  is  merely 
a  round  piece  of  iron,  and  as  wo  generally  see 
it  covered  with  dirt  and  grease,  having  noth- 
ing attractive  orornamental  in  its  appearance 
and  seemingly  gross  in  its  construction  ;  yet 
that  smaller  and  more  valuable  disk,  kn 
as  "Uncle  Sam's"  double-eagle,  which  is 
from  the  mint,  glittering  like  a  mirror,  does 
not  involve  in  its  manufacture  more  intricate, 
and,  in  some  respects,  more  delicate  manipu- 
lation than  this  same  gross  cur  wheel. 

The  most  important  difference  between  a 
car  wheel  and  any  ordinary  machine  or  ap- 
paratus made  of  cast  iron,  is  the  fact  that  the 
"tread"  of  the  wheel,  viz.,  that  part  which 
runs  on  the  rail,  is  quite  different  in  character 
from  the  'plate"  or  main  body,  though  cast 
from  the  same  metal  in  one  pouring.  The 
tread  or  rim  is  actually  harder  than  the  fines! 


cast  iron.  If  the  wheel  is  made  of  a  mixture 
of  iron  which  is  too  highly  sensitive  to  the 
chilling  influence,  it  will  be  too  brittle  for 
safety  and  too  hard  to  permit  of  boring  the 
hole  in  the  hub  into  which  the  axle  is  to  be 
fitted.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  metal  does 
not  possess  sufficient  chilling  property,  the 
tread  of  the  wheel  is  too  soft  and  soo'n  becomes 
flattened  by  its  incessant  pounding  upon  the 
rail,  and  then  the  wheel  is  useless.  The 
margin  between  these  extremes  is  very  small, 
and  it  is  the  daily  aim  of  the  wheelm'aker  to 
steer  between  this  Seylla  and  Cbarybdis. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  all  "irons  pos- 
sess this  chilling  property,  for  it  is  a  compara- 
tively rare  one,  and  little  is  known,  even 
among  the  most  expert  iron  masters,  of  the 
causes  which  produce  it.  Very  recently  some 
light  has  been  thrown  upon  the  subject  by 
the  aid  of  chemical  analysis,  and  scientific 
investigation  will  doubtless  reveal  still  more 
clearly  what  is  as  yet  but  dimly  seen.  Pig 
iron  is  not  a  simple  substance,  but  is  in  reality 
an  alloy  composed  of  at  least  half  a  dozen 
different  elements,  each  one  of  which  helps  to 
stamp  its  character  upon  the  metal.  It  has 
been  found,  for  example,  that  the  substance 
silicon,  which  is  always  present  in  pig  iron,' 
y  influence   upon 


buried  in  hot  sand,  where  they  are  allowed 
to  remain  for  several  days.  In  this  way  the 
molecules  (or  smallest  particles)  of  the  metal 
gradually  arrange  themselves  in  new  positions 
and  the  strain  is  entirely  removed.  The  sand 
which  adheres  to  the  wheel  is  then  brushed 
off,  and  the  wheel  tested  for  strength  by 
heavy  blows  with  a  sledge  hammer,  and  for 
hardness  on  the  tread  by  chipping  with  a 
highly  tempered  cold-chisel ;  in  this  way  any 
"soft  spots"  may  be  readily  detected  and  the 
wheel  accordingly  condemned.  There  are, 
in  fact,  no  less  than  twenty-seven  distinct, 
"diseases"  so  to  speak,  which  a  car  wheel  is 
liable  to  contract  in  the  course  of  its  manu- 
facture, and  it  must  pass  a  rigid  inspection  in. 
the  quarantine  or  "  cleaning  shop"  before  it ' 
receives  the  required  guarantee  of  its  maker 
that  it  is  "free  from  all  defects." 

The  chilled  cast-iron  car  wheel  is  a  purely 
American  invention,  and  the  method  of  an- 
nealing, which  alone  made  this  process  prac- 
ticable, was  devised  by  a  manufacturer  in 
this  city  as  long  ago  as  1817,  since  which 
time  between  one  and  two  million  wheels 
have  been  made  in  the  works  established  by 
him,  and  have  been  shipped  to  all  parts  of 
the  world  where  the  shriek  of  the  locomotive 
whistle  has  penetrated. — Ledger,  (Phila.) 


THE    FRIEND. 


EIGHTH  MONTH  25, 


Ig    p0 


In  a  previous  Editorial  we  spoke  of  the  re- 
moval of  those  barriers  to  unity  among  breth- 
ren, which  arise  from  prejudice,  and  a  mis- 
understanding of  their  respective  situations. 
But  it  cannot  be  denied  that  much  of  the  dis- 
unity which  exists  in  the  Society  of  Friends 
has  a  deeper  root;  and  springs  from  a  want 
of  agreement  in  the  doctrines  which  are  be- 
lieved and  preached,  and  from  a  diversity  in 
practice  flowing  from  this  diversity  in  doc- 
trine. From  this  state  of  things,  division 
and  contention  naturally  follow.  Where  doc- 
trines are  preached  by  one  part  of  a  society, 
which  another  part  regards  as  unsound  and 
of  hurtful  tendency;  or  practices  are  intro- 
duced into  its  religious  meetings  which  some 
of  the  members  look  upon  as  inconsistent  with 
the  professed  belief  of  the  body,  or  as  calcu- 
lated to  hinder  the  growth  of  vital  religion 
among  them;  how  can  true  unity  be  main- 
tained? The  importance  of  this 'agreement 
in  doctrine  and  practice  was  felt  in  the  primi- 
tive church.  "  Now  I  beseech  you,  brethren," 
says  the  apostle  to  the  Corinthians,  "  by  the 
name  of  our  Lord,  Jesus  Christ,  that  ye  all 
speak  the  samo  thing,  and  that  there  be  no 
divisions  among  you,  but  that  ye  be  perfectly 
ineil  together  in  the  same  mind  and  in  the 
mo  judgment."  Onrearly  Friends  declared, 
Now  we  being  gathered  into  the  belief  of 


that 


id  a  variation  of  less  than  certain  principles  and  doctrines,  without  any 
cent,  ot  silicon  is  sufficient  to  make  constraint  or  worldly  respect,  but  by  the 
i  car-wheel  ;  indeed,  it  has  happened  mere  force  of  truth  upon  our  understandings 
entire  day's  work  of  several  hundred  and  its  power  and  influence  upon  our  hearts' 
men  has  been  spoiled  by  an  excess  of  one-half  those  principles  and  doctrines,  and  the  prac- 
oi  one  per  cent,  of  this  substance  creeping  tices  necessarily  depending  upon  them  areas 
undetected  into  the  mixture.  jit  were  tht  terms  that  have  drawn  us  together, 

After  the  wheels  are  taken  out  from  the \and  the  bond  by  which  we  become  centered  into 
moulds,  they  require  to  be  thoroughly  an-  one  body.  Now  if  any  one  or  more,  so  an- 
nealed as  they  are  subjected  to  an  immense  gaged  with  us,  should  arise  to  teach  any  other 
strain  due  to  the  more  rapid  cooling  of  the  doctrine  or  doctrines,  contrary  to  those  which 
'■lulled  tread,  for  this  purpose  they  are  were  the  ground  of  our  being  one,  who  can 
cither   put   into    pits   previously    heated   or  deny  but  the  body  hath  power  in  suoh  a  case 


THE    FRIEND. 


'J  3 


,o  declare,  this  is  not  according  to  the  truth 
ve  profess;  and  therefore  we  pronounce  such 
md  such  doctrines  to  he  wrong,  with  which 
*re  cannot  have  unity." — Barclay's  Anarchy 
tfthe  Banters. 

The  "  Address"  recently  issued  by  Phila- 
lelphia  Yearly  Meeting  is  really  a  call  to  its 
nerabers  and  Friends  elsewhere  to  rally  to 
,he  original  principles  of  the  Society ;  and  thus 
,o  check  that  tide  of  discord  and  confusion  in 
ts  borders  which  otherwise  will  probably  lead 
,o  still  greater  disruption  and  loss  of  influence 
knd  of  usefulness  in  the  world.  It  presents  a 
ilear  statement  of  our  leading  doctrines,  drawn 
rom  the  approved  writings  of  our  early 
nembers  ;  and  declares  its  adherence  thereto, 
md  its  disunity  with  those  things  ineon- 
istenttherewitb,  which  have  been  introduced 
imongst  us.  In  so  doing,  it  exercises  the 
lower,  which,  as  Bobert  Barclay  in  the  pre- 
ieding  extract  asserts,  belongs  to  the  church, 
>f  declaring  in  such  cases,  "  this  is  notaccord- 
ng  to  the  truth  we  profess."  In  thus  afresh 
Elding  up  to  view  the  standard  of  Primitive 
Quakerism,  we  trust  the  "Address"  will  prove 
lseful  in  drawing  nearer  together  those  who 
iold  the  same  principles  ;  and  be  instrumental 
n  removing  the  barriers  which  in  some  cases 
lave  interposed  between  those  who  are  one 
n  faith  ;  and  at  the  same  time  open  the  eyes 
)f  some  who  are  in  danger  of  being  drawn 
nto  things  which  are  not  to  their  real  ad- 
vantage. Its  publication  and  circulation  are 
)ractically  efforts  to  preserve  the  Societ}-  of 
friends  on  its  original  foundation  ;  and  to 
inite  its  members,  wherever  located,  in  an 
idherence  to  the  same  doctrines. 

The  interest  in  the  "Address"  manifested 
)y  Friends  in  various  and  widely  separated 
lections,  and  the  labors  cheerfully  undertaken 
>y  man}-  to  promote  its  circulation,  are  en- 
Buraging  signs.  It  has  been  widely  dis- 
iibuted  through  most  parts  of  the  Society  of 
?riends,  both  on  this  continent  and  bej-ond 
,he  ocean  ;  and  applications  for  it,  either  for 
>ersonal  use  or  for  circulation,  which  are  al- 
ways freely  supplied,  are  still  being  received 
it  the  Book  Store. 

The  acknowledgments  of  its  reception  which 
lave  come  to  hand  abundantly  show  that  its 
pblication  has  been  felt  to  be  timely  and  re- 
ieving  by  many  well-concerned  Friends  in  all 
)arts  of  the  country.  Some  of  these  are  sub- 
oined. 

From  Canada. — "  Friends  are  well  satisfied 
with  the  Address." 

From  New  England. — "I  have  been  desir- 
)us  that  the  Trustees  [of  the  Obadiah  Brown 
'und]  would  see  the  importance  of  circulating 
Veely,  brief  statements  of  our  views  in  pam- 
jhlet  form — and  for  that  purpose  I  like  the 
ate  Address  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting, 
•vhich  I  found,  while  at  Yearly  Meeting  last 
iveek,  had  reached  many  of  our  New  Eng- 
and  Friends.  I  trust  it  will  do  much  good. 
Although  it  may  be  cast  aside  by  some,  it  will 
so  read  by  others." 

From  New  York. — "I  have  carefully  read 
md  most  fully  endorse  and  approve  it.  I 
;hink  its  issue  at  this  time  is  very  opportune, 
[ts  tendency  will  be  to  strengthen  and  eon- 
irm  the  wavering,  and  to  cheer  the  honest- 
learted  who  are  desirous  that  our  Society 
ihall  be  continued  in  the  same  views  and 
jractices  upon  which  our  early  Friends  set 

)Ut." 

From  Baltimore. — "There  is  a  great  deal 
n  the  Address  which  has  my  hearty  approval, 


especially  in  the  doctrinal  part  and  the  or- 
ganization of  religious  meetings." 

From  North  Carolina. — "  I  very  much  ap- 
prove of  what  it  contains;  would  be  glad 
every  member  in  our  meeting  could  read  it." 

From  Tennessee. — "I  take  great  pleasure 
in  circulating  them.  They  have  been  a  great 
help  to  me,  as  coming  just  after  some  things 
had  occurred  in  our  meeting  that  I  had  taken 
a  decided  stand  against,  and  they  exactly 
concur  with  the  position  I  held  in  that  meet- 
ing. I  told  some  of  our  young  members  that 
they  were  Quakerism  in  its  purity." 

From  Ohio. — "I  felt  thankful  that  your 
meeting  was  enabled  to  prepare  and  send  forth 
so  clear  a  testimony  in  defence  of  the  ancient 
faith,  and  against  erroneous  doctrines.  I  hope 
it  may  do  good." 

From  Michigan  [in  reference  to  the  circu- 
lation of  the  Address]. — ••  I  am  more  than 
willing  to  assist  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting 
in  the  good  work  of  keeping  the  long-cherished, 
and  as  I  believe,  true  spiritual  views  of  the 
Gospel, — as  formerly  held  by  our  once  highly 
favored  Society — before  those  calling  them- 
selves by  the  same  name." 

From  Indiana. — "  As  far  as  I  can  learn  the 
document  has  been  gladly  received  by  all 
sound  Friends  everywhere." 

From  Iowa. — "  I  believe  it  is  timely,  and 
can  but  hope  much  good  will  result  from  it." 

From  California. — "So  far  as  examined,  I 
find  the  Address  most  satisfactory.  The  time 
is  opportune,  it  seems  to  me,  and  the  publica- 
tion of  this  strong,  clear,  ringing  doctrinal 
statement  will,  it  may  be.  mark  an  era.  In 
the  midst  of  the  many  efforts  to  undermine 
and  put  aside  the  original  principles  of  our 
Society,  the  raising  of  a  fresh  banner  by  your 
Yearly  Meeting  with  a  united  voice  of  assent, 
will  be  a  standard  for  Friends  to  rally  to. 
May  it  be  so." 

Other  similar  testimonies  might  be  added, 
but  these  may  be  sufficient  to  show,  that  in 
all  parts  of  our  country  are  to  be  found  those 
under  our  name  who  still  regard  the  doctrines 
preached  by  our  forefathers  as  "  Primitive 
Christianity  Eevived  ;"  and  to  whom  the  issu- 
ing of  this  Address  has  furnished  strength 
and  encouragement.  As  was  to  be  expected 
there  are  others  who  have  criticised  some  of 
its  positions.  These  criticisms  we  propose  to 
consider  in  our  next  number. 

History  of  the  Underground  Railroad  in 
Chester  and  the  neighboring  counties  of 
Pennsylvania,  by  B.  C.  Smedley,  M.  I). 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  above  work, 
which  describes  the  efforts  used  to  facilitate 
the  escape  and  secure  the  safety  of  many  of 
the  fugitives  from  slavery  ;  who  fled  across  the 
border  lines  of  Delaware  and  Maryland  into 
the  adjacent  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
appealed  to  the  sympathies  of  those  who  be- 
lieved the  system  of  slavery  to  be  wrong. 
The  laws  of  our  country  at  that  time  recog- 
nized and  protected  the  institution  and  pro- 
vided for  the  return  to  bondage  of  such 
fugitives.  As  law  abiding  people,  many  were 
placed  in  a  dilemma  between  the  opposing 
claims  of  the  law  on  one  side  ;  and  of  mercy 
and  justice  on  the  other.  Some  would  re- 
lieve the  hunger  of  those  who  came  to  their 
houses,  but  decline  doing  anything  more. 
Others  felt  themselves  under  no  moral  obliga- 
tion to  obey  a  lawT  which  they  believed  to  be 
founded  on  injustice,  and  not  only  supplied 
the  present  wants  of  those  who  were  escaping 


from  bondage,  but  assisted  them  by  providing 
places  of  concealment,  or  by  forwarding  them 
to  those  who  would  help  them  on  their  way 
to  Canada,  which  was  then  the  nearest  safe 
resting  place.  As  those  who  were  willing  to 
render  this  active  assistance  became  mutually 
known,  the  fugitives  would  be  passed  from 
one  to  another;  and  thus  there  gradually 
grew  up  an  understanding,  almost  amounting 
to  an  organization,  for  the  transmission  of 
escaped  slaves.  This  was  figuratively  called 
the  Underground  Railroad.  The  number  of 
escaping  slaves  was  quite  large,  amounting 
sometimes  to  hundreds  in  a  .year;  and  their 
care  involved  a  large  expenditure  of  means 
for  their  support,  as  well  as  of  labor  in  con- 
ducting or  conveying  them,  mostly  at  night, 
to  places  of  safety.  There  was  also,  after  the 
passage  of  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  a  liability 
to  heavy  fines  and  imprisonment,  which  might 
have  deterred  less  resolute  persons  from  con- 
tinuing the  work. 

The  details  given  of  flight  and  pursuit  and 
hair  breadth  escapes  are  interesting. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Judge  Jeremiah  S.  Black,  died  at 
his  house  in  York,  Penna.,  on  First-day  morning,  the 
19th  inst.     He  was  73  years  of  age. 

Treasury  officials  ^ay  that  in  consequence  of  the 
prosecution  of  opium  smugglers  on  the  Pacilic  Coast, 
•'the  duties  collected  at  the  port  of  San  Francisco  on 
opium  during  the  last  fiscal  year  were  more  than  a  mil- 
lion dollars  in  excess  of  the  collections  from  that  source 
the  preceding  year." 

More  liquor  saloons  and  cigar  stores  were  open  on 
First-day  last  in  St.  Louis,  than  on  any  previous  First- 
day  since  the  passage  of  the  recent  law.  It  is  said  that 
Governor  Crittenden  is  indignant  at  the  course  of  the 
saloon  keepers,  "  and  asserts  very  emphatically  that  the 
law  must  be  enforced,  and  that  if  necessary  he  will  send 
the  Attorney-General  there  to  assist  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  cases  now  before  the  courts." 

The  telegraphers'  strike  is  at  an  end.  On  the  17th 
inst.  Master  Workman  Campbell,  of  the  Brotherhood, 
telegraphed  to  all  the  members  throughout  the  country 
that  "the  strike  is  a  failure,"  and  that  "  all  the  mem- 
bers who  can  may  return  to  work  immediately."  It  is 
reported  that  the  operators  in  Chicago,  Cincinnati, 
Cleveland  and  St.  Louis,  have  resolved  to  continue  the 
strike,  notwithstanding  the  surrender  of  the  Eastern 
operators. 

The  National  Telegraph  Company  was  incorporated 
at  Albany  on  the  20th  inst.  The  capital  stock  is  fixed 
at  $25,000,  with  the  provision  that  it  may  be  increased 
to  $10,000,000. 

Professor  C.  H.  Peters,  of  Clinton,  New  York,  an- 
nounces that  he  discovered  on  the  night  of  the  12th 
inst.  a  new  planet — an  asteroid  of  the  ninth  magnitude. 

A  grain  fleet  of  27  propellors  and  schooners,  carrying 
1,500,000  bushels,  chiefly  wheat  and  corn,  sailed  from 
Chicago  on  Seventh-day  for  points  on  Lakes  Erie  and 
Huron.  This  is  the  largest  clearance  ever  made  from 
Chicago  in  a  single  day. 

The  Secret  Service  Division  of  the  Treasury  has  re- 
ceived four  sets  of  dies  used  in  the  manufacture  of  one 
dollar,  half-dollar  and  quarter-dollar  gold  coins  for 
charms  and  bangles,  which  were  recently  seized  in 
California. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  418,  which 
was  the  same  number  as  during  the  previous  week,  and 
21  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number,  225  were  males,  and  193  females, 
and  293  under  five  years  of  a£e:  47  died  of  consumption; 
44  of  cholera  infantum;  32  of  marasmus;  27  of  diph- 
theria; 20  of  inflammation  of  stomach  and  bowels;  15 
of  tvphoid  fever,  and  12  of  old  age. 

Markets,  &c— U.  S.  4£'s,  registered,  112J;  coupon, 
113};  4's,  119|;  3's,  registered,  103|;  currency  6's,  128 
a  133. 

Cotton  was  quiet  at  101  a  10$  cts.  for  middling  up- 
lands. 

Pelroleum  was  steady  at  7|  a  7J  cents  for  refined  in 
barrels,  and  9}  cts.  for  do.  in  cases. 

Flour  and  Meal. — Flour  was  in  good  demand  and 
held  with  confidence.  Sales  of  3000 "barrels,  at  $5.50  a 
|6  75  for  Minnesota  extras;  $5  a  S5.12J  for  Pennsyl- 


24 


THE    FRIEND. 


vania  family;  $5.70  a  $0.25  for  western  do.,  and   S0.25 
a  $7.50  for  patents.     Rye  (lour  was  quiet  at  $3.50. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  dull  and  §c.  lower :  10,000  bushels 
sold  at  $1.14  a  $1.21.  Corn  was  easier  and  quiet :  300C 
bushels  sold  at  57  a  03A  ets.  Oats  were  steady  for  new 
arid  strong  for  old  :  600"o  bushels  sold  at  39  a  49  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  8th  mo. 
18th,  1883— Loads  of  hay,  271  ;  loads  of  straw,  34. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  60 
a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  50  a  60  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  50  a  60  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Foreign. — London,  8th  mo.  20th. — This  morning's 
Times,  commenting  on  the  language  used  of  late  in  the 
House  of  Commons  by  a  number  of  the  members  for 
Ireland,  and  particularly  that  of  Healy  in  response,  on 
7th  day  last,  to  Gladstone's  remarks,  when  the  former 
declared  that  there  was  a  state  of  war  between  England 
and  Ireland,  says:  "Sterner  demeanor  on  the  part  of 
the  House  will  before  long  be  necessary,  in  view  of 
these  revolting  excesses." 

The  Mark  Lane  Express  prints  reports  from  361  dis- 
tricts in  England  and  Wales  in  regard  to  the  harvest 
of  1883.  In  239  of  the  districts  the  indications  are  that 
the  wheat  crop  will  be  under  the  average,  in  89  there 
will  be  an  average  yield,  and  in  33  the  crop  will  be 
above  the  average.  Many  of  the  reports  state  that  the 
wheat  is  thin,  blighted  and  mildewed.  The  other  crops 
are  reported  to  be  above  the  average.  The  Bulletin  des 
Holies  says  the  vield  of  wheat  this  season  in  France  will 
be  85,000,000  of  hectolitres,  compared  with  a  yield  of 
104,000,000  to  105,000,000  each  since  1S72.  The  qual- 
ity, however  is  expected  to  be  good. 

The  Paris  correspondent  of  the  Daily  Telegraph  savs : 
"It  is  affirmed  that  the  bombardment  of  Hue  by  the! 
French  was  begun  on  7th  day  the  18th.  Admiral  Pey- 
ron,  Minister  of  Marine  and  the  Colonies,  has  ordered 
six  gun-boats  to  be  constructed  for  Tonqnin.  It  is 
stated  that  France  has  informed  the  Powers  that  any 
ships  attempting  to  land  arms  in  Anam  will  be  liable 
to  seizure.  The  Soir  believes  that  this  is  a  warning 
specially  levelled  at  large  exports  of  arms  from  Ameri- 
can ports." 

The  Government  intends  to  suppress  the  Egyptian 
Gazette  on  account  of  its  having  printed  satirical  articles 
on  the  Ministers.  Four  native  papers  which  have  also 
been  printing  objectionable  articles  have  been  warned 
that  their  publication  will  be  suspended  if  they  continue 
to  print  offensive  matter. 

Much  unsettlement  continues  to  prevail  on  the  Span- 
ish peninsula.  The  King  of  Spain  is  visiting  the  differ- 
ent cities  and  towns  in  bis  dominion. 

On  the  15th  there  were  alarming  signs  of  an  earth- 
quake in  Serrara,  on  the  island  of Ischia.  The  springs 
are  drying  up,  and  smoke  is  issuing  from  fissures  in  the 
ground.  The  Minister  of  Public  Works  has  issued  an 
order  for  the  immediate  erection  of  huts  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  people  in  case  they  are  compelled  to 
vacate  their  houses. 

The  Popolo  Romano  (newspaper)  says  that  the  town 
of  Casamicciola,  on  the  island  of  Ischia,  which  was  re- 
cently destroyed  by  an  earthquake,  is  rapidly  being  re- 
built. Already  154  wooden  houses  have  been  erected 
and  occupied.  It  has  been  decided  to  name  streets  in 
the  town  after  the  King  and  Queen  of  Italy.  At  Forio, 
another  of  the  desolated  towns,  houses  have  been  erected 
for  the  accommodation  of  52  families. 

There  appears  to  have  been  a  mortality  of  about  2500 
from  Cholera,  in  Egypt,  for  the  week  ending  1st  day 
the  19th  instant.  The  number  of  deaths  is  steadily  di- 
minishing. 

A  St.  Petersburg  despatch  to  the  Times  says  the  coro- 
nation decree,  granting  liberty  of  worship  to  dissenters, 
only  affects  1,000,11110  of  so-called  registered  dissenters. 
There  are  14,000,000  still  unrelieved  of  their  religious 
disabilities. 


MOORESTOWN  ACADEMY, 
Under  the  care  of  Chester  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  Jersey, 
will  re-open  9th  mo.  3rd,  1883. 

Wilder  P.  Leeds,  Principal. 


for  tli 


A    teacher 
Meeting  Schc 
formation,  call  on  or  ai 
Grove,  Chester  Co.,  Pei 


NOTICE, 
nted  for  West   Grove   Preparative 


rig  term.     For  further 

Zebedee  Haines,  West 


Any  one  having  any  of  the  original  poems  of  the  late 
Mary  M.  Miller,  would  confer  a  favor  by  sending  copies 
of  them  to  Lydia  M.  Chaue,  1608  Dr'ipps  St.,  Kansas 
City,  Missouri. 


RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  George  Sharpless,  Pa.,  §2,  vol.  57,  and 
for  Lewis  Sharplcss,  Minn.,  §2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Edward 
Reeve,  City,  S2,  vol.  57;  from  David  Wallace,  O.,  §2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  William  B.  Oliver,  Agent,  Mass.,  S2,  vol 
57,  and  for  Mercy  H.  Meader,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Ben- 
jamin J.  Wilkins,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Alton  G 
Butler,  Me.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Ann  Burgess,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  James  ( 1.  McCollin,  City,  82,  vol.  57,  and 
for  Anna  G.  McCollin,  Frances  B.  McCollin,  and  Mar- 
garetta  E.  Reed,  City,  Ann  Garrett,  Pa.,  and  Deborah 
Cooper,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph  Masters, 
Ivans.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ruth  A.  Crandall,  R.  L,  $2.10, 
vol.  57,  and  for  Nathaniel  Greene,  $2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Henry  A.  Knowles,  Io.,  $2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Samuel  B 
Smith,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Benjamin  Hoopes,  City, 
$2,  vol.  57,  and  for  W.  Walter  Hoopes,  $2  vol.57  ;  from 
Plulena  Y.  Smedley,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Sarah  J. 
Dutton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mark  Bal linger,  N.  J., 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ezra  Stokes,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Arthur  H.Swift,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Jesse  W. 
Taylor,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Priscilla  M.  Lippin- 
cott,  N.  J.,  §2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Ephraim  Smith,  City,  $2, 
vol.  57,  and  for  Morris  S.  Cope  and  Elizabeth  Hughes, 
Pa.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  W.  Hilvard,  N.  J.,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  John  H.  Ballinger,  N.  J",  $'i,  vol.  57; 
from  Elwood  Comfort,  Mich.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Ben- 
jamin Hinshaw,  Io.,  J-2.10,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  Ann 
Baldwin,  Pa.,  $2.10,  vol.  57,  and  for  John  E.  Baldwin, 
$2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Sabina  Hancock,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57; 
from  Lydia  H.  Moorman,  Io.,  $2,  to  No.  13,  vol.  58; 
from  Elizabeth  L.  Dutton,  City,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from  Susan 
Brinton,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  G.  Haines  Pa 
and  Isaac  Leeds,  N.  J.,  per  Jos.  Walton,  $2  each,  vol. 
5/  ;  from  George  W.  Thorp,  Fkfd.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
George  Abbott,  N.  J..  $i,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mahlon  Tom- 
linson,  Io.,  $2,  vol.57;  from  John  D.Harrison,  Pa., 
$2,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  E.  Dickinson,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57; 
from  Daniel  Packer,  N.  J.,  H2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Joshua 
H.  Ballinger,  N.  J.,  S2,  vol.  57;  from  Jehu  L.  Kite, 
Agent,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Joseph  Lynch,  Robert 
Ellyson,  Abner  Woolman,  Eliza  Ann  Fogg,  Anna  W. 
Cobb,  Edward  Williams,  Joel  Kirk,  Sarah  Stanley, 
David  Ellyson,  Edwin  Fogg,  Edwin  Holloway,  James 
A.  Cope,  Mary  Warrington,  Mary  Woolman,  Rebecca 
Painter,  John  A.  Cope  and  Samuel  R.  Smith,  $2  each, 
vol.  57,  and  for  Lydia  Warrington,  $2,  to  No.  18,  vol. 
58;  from  Daniel  Williams,  Agent,  O.,  for  Branson  D. 


Roberts,  S2  each,  vol.  57 ;  from  George  S.  Hutton,  Citj 
$2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Thomas  Y.  Hutton  and  George  £ 
Reid,  Pa.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Samuel  F.  Baklerstor 
City,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Rowland  Evans,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 
from  Francis  Taber,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  M.  Hodg 
son,  Gtn.,$2,  vol.57  ;  from  Benjamin  Bowerman,  Mich. 
$2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua  T.  Ballinger,  Agent,  Pa. 
for  Susan  B.  Doan,  Charles  B.  Sheppard,  and  Emib 
H.  Pirn,  S2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Bartram  Kaighn,  N.  J. 
$2,  vol.  57;  from  Joshua  Jefferis,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 
from  Jane  E.  Mason,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Jona: 
Edge,  Kans.,  $2,  vol.  57. 

Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  nc 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 

FRIENDS'   SELECT  SCHOOLS. 

These  schools,  under  the  care  of  the  three  Monthlj 
Meetings  of  Friends  in  this  city,  will  re-open  on  Second- 
day,  Ninth  mo.  17th,  1882. 

A  limited  number  of  children  will  now  be  admittecj 
who  are  not  members  of  our  religious  Society,  whose' 
parents  may  desire  to  have  them  educated  free  from  the! 
unnecessary  but  fashionable  accomplishments,  too  com- 
mon in  many  schools  at  this  day. 

The  attention  of  Friends  residing  in  the  city  and  its 
neighborhood  is  invited  to  them.  The  terms  are  moder- 
ate; and  Friends  belonging  to  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting,  sending  children  to  these  schools,  (also  mem- 
bers), who  may  find  the  charges  burdensome,  can  bs 
fully  relieved. 

The  principal  schools  will  open  for  the  next  term 
under  the  care  of  John  H.  Dillingham  and  Mary  W 
Woolman,  as  Principals,  both  experienced  teachers  ol 
many  years'  experience.  Facilities  for  illustration  are 
afforded  by  a  valuable  collection  of  philosophical  and 
chemical  apparatus,  minerals,  and  Auzoux's  models  ol 
parts  of  the  human  system,  &c. 

The  primary  Schools  on  Cherry  St.,  and  at  Sixth  and 
Noble  Sts.,  will  be  continued. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  upon  applica- 
tion to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Committee. 

Jno.  W.  Biddle,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St. 

NOTICE  TO  TEACHERS,  PARENTS  AND 
OTHERS. 

The  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St., 


teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 
Please  give  address,  and  lull  particulars. 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice   the  Stage  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.(19  and  9.05  A.  m.  train 


Sidwell,  Asa  Branson,  Joseph  Bailey,  Thomas  Conrow,   Fhilncklphia,  where  applications   from  teachers 

John  C.  Hoge,   Edwin  F.  Holloway  '.Jacob  IIollow-iv'   i,lg  situations,  and  committees  who  desire  to  employ 

Ephraim  W.  Holloway,  Juliann  H.  Branson,  Mary  a!  *"" 

Mitchell,  Sarah  Purviance,  William  L.  Ashlon,  Maria 

Walker,    Mary    J.  French,    Henry    Stanton,    Stephen 

Hobson,  and   Mary  Chandler,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;   from 

Charles  L.  Willils,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph  S. 

Middleton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Elizabeth  Russell, 

W.  Philada.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Nathan  Pearson,  Agent, 

Ind.,  for  David  Stalker  and  Ezra  Barker,  $2  each,  vol.i'rom  Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

57,  and  for  Stephen  A.  Gause,  $2,  to  No.  27,  vol'.  57;  

from  William  H.  Blackburn,  Agent,  ().,  $2  vol.  57  I  Married,  (ith  mo.  12th,  1883,  at  Friends'  Meeting- 
and  for  Abel  H.  Blackburn,  Sarah  A.  (.'ope,  Israel  Tope'  house,  Sixth  and  Noble  streets,  Philadelphia,  Henry 
Wilson  Hall,  and  Joseph  Hall,  O.,  and  David  Black-  <:-  Russell  to  Elizabeth  F.,  daughter  of  the  late 
burn,  Pa.,  $2  each,  vol.  57,   and  for  Lucinda  C.  Arm-|Henry  W-  Washington,  all  of  this  city. 

strong,  O.,  $2.10,  vol.56;   from  Stephen  M.Trimble,    -  --  

Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  fur  Dr.  Samuel  Trimble,  $2,  vol.  Died,  at  Salem,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  25th 
57;  from  Charles  Stokes,  Agent,  N.  J.,  for  N.  Reece  of  sixth  month,  1883,  James  Stanley,  in  the  seventy- 
Whitacre,  Levi  Troth,  and  Esther  S.  Prickett,  $2  each,  third  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  Salem  Monthly  and 
vol.   57;   from  Job  Bacon,    N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;    from  Particular  Meeting  of  Friends. 

Walker  Moore,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.57,  and  for  Andrew  Moore,  1      ,  peacefully,  at   his   residence  near   Cardington, 

$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Esther  L.  Jackson,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  Ohio,  on  the  17th  of  7th  month,  188.'!,  Silas  Bunker, 
from  Palmer  Good,  Pa., $2,  vol.57  ;  from  t'aleb  Hoopes'  a  highly  esteemed  Friend  and  citizen  of  Morrow  Co., 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Benjamin  P.  Hoopes,  $2,  vol'.  '"  the  65th  year  of  his  age.  He  was  devotedly  attached 
57 ;  from  Mary  B.  Buffinton,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  j  to  the  principles  and  usages  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
Richard  P.  Gibbons,  Del.,  *2,  vol.  57;  from  George  L,. !  and  stood  firm  to  them. 

Smedley,  W.  Phila  ,  *2.10,  vol.57;  from  Howard  Dar- 1      ,  on  the  31st  of  7th  month,  1883,  at  her  son's 

nell,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Casper  Sharpless,  N.  J.,' residence,  No.  3410  State  St.,  Chicago,  III.,  Sarah 
$2,  vol.57,  and  for  Mary  Anna  Mallack,  $2,  vol.  57;  McDonald,  a  member  of  Chicago  Monthly  and  Pur- 
from  Caleb  Wood,  City,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Truman  For-  licular  Meeting.  Born  at  South  Kingston,  R.  I.,  6th 
sythe,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Lydia  Saunders,  N.  J.,  'month  10th,  179!),  and  educated  at  Providence  Board- 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Martha  L.  Brinton,  Pa.,  *2,  vol.  57  ;  ing  School,  she  filled  acceptably,  for  about  thirty  year*, 
from  E.  S.  Deats,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Ruins  the  office  of  overseer  and  elder  in  the  several  meeting-* 
Churchill,  N.  S.,  $4,  vol.  57,  2  copies;  from  Levi  B.I  of  which  she  was  a  member,  and  was  ever  careful  to 
Stokes,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Ell  wood  Thomas,  Pa., !  hear  her  testimony  in  behalf  of  the  principles  and  prno- 
$2,  to  No.  14,  vol.  58;  from  Mary  R.  Deacon,  Pa.,  $2, :  tices  of  ancient  Friends.  For  the  last  five  years  she 
vol.  57;  from  Jacob  R.  Elfrcth,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  1>M  been  wailing  much  of  the  time  in  great  suffering 
■ge    Blackburn,    Agent,    O..    $2,    vol.    57,  and   for  for  the  call  which  at  last  has  come. 

-,  on  the  9th  of  8th   mo.  1883,  at  the  residence 

of  her  father,  Daniel  Williams,  Edith  8.,  daughter  of 
Daniel  and  the  late  Martha  S.  Williams,  aged  near 
12  years,  a  member  of  Flushing  Monthly  and  Particular 
Meeting  of  Friends. 


W. 


Joh 


M. 


gtoi 

B all,  Jo-iah    Fawcett,    Sarah    I,  Stanley     Hannah 

Twilehell,  Stacy  Cook,  William  Fisher,  E.iw.ud  Bon- 
Ball,  Robert  Miller,  Thomas  V.  Krenrh,  Amelia  Macrkt, 
Ann  Fawcett,  Richard  B.  Fawcett,  Jonathan  Blackburn 

and  A: Stratton,  $2  each,  vol.  57,  ami   for  Samuel 

Street,  $2,  to  No.  27,  vol.  58  ;  from  David  Roberts, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Joseph  H.  Roberts  and  Elisha 


WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 

No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 


A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH-DAY,  NINTH  MONTH  1,  18S3. 


NO.    4. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  82.00  per  annum. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  OP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


Jetters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  18.) 

"2nd  mo.  17th,  1841.— Was  favored  to-day 
with  a  little  fresh  evidence  of  the  continuance 
!»f  Divine  favor,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  our 
week-day  meeting,  expressed  a  few  words  with 
I  degree  of  inward  satisfaction  and  peace. 
Had  also  a  little  conversation  with  a  young 
iriend  on  serious  matters,  attended  with  a 
legree  of  life.  To  feel  this  is,  I  trust,  more 
ind  more  the  delight  of  my  soul ;  and  I  truly 
lesire  to  be  preserved  from  entering  on  such 
weighty  matters,  without  a  little  sense  of 
ively  virtue  spread  over  the  mind." 

'2nd  mo.  2<Jth. — Have  had  occasion  within 
some  days  past  to  acknowledge  the  renewed 
3Xtension  of  Divine  regard  in  the  feeling  of  a 
legree  of  calmness  and  quietude  of  mind,  of 
which  for  months  past  my  soul  has  but  little 
partaken.  How  precious  is  the  lifting  up  of 
the  Lord's  countenance  after  clouds,  storms, 
ind  conflicts!  It  is  like  cold  water  to  a 
thirsty  soul.     I  feel  from  one  time  to  another, 

3  and  more  sensible  of  the  need  of  trial, 
distress,  and  affliction,  to  work  out  that  ex 
eeeding  weight  of  glory  which  has  been  set 
before  my  soul  as  a  mark  to  aim  at,  and  from 
which  I  am  sensible  I  am  as  3'et  far  removed 
0  may  I  learn  true  watchfulness,  true  pa 
tience,  true  humility^,  and  learn  to  walk  more 
and  more  in  the  Lord's  preserving  fear." 

5th  mo.  19th. — Was  favored  at  meetin. 
to-day  with  a  little  fresh  sense  of  the  Lord's 
goodness  and  mercy,  wherein  healing  virtue 
was  mercifully  extended  to  myT  wounded  soul 
Can  I  not  reverentlj-  acknowledge  that  his 
compassions  fail  not  ?  O  may  I  be  engaged 
more  watchfully  and  faithfully  to  follow  Him 
in  the  way  of  his  leadings  and  requi rings. 
Keep  me,  I  pray  thee,  from  presumptuous 
sins.  'Purge  me  with  hyssop,  and  I  shall  be 
clean.  Wash  me,  and  I  shall  be  whiter  than 
snow.'  " 

To  M.  M.  S. 

"Millville, -. 

My  beloved  sister,  *  *  *  Dare  I  say  I 
have  learned  something — been  taught  how 
mean  I  am  of  myself,  how  little  capacity  for 
good,  how  unworthjr  of  the  marvellous  loving- 
kindness  which  thus  follows,  chastises,  and 
teaches  me.  May  I  not  say  I  have  learned  a 
little  patience  under  the  yoke — that  yoke 
which  subjects  the  will  and  wisdom  of  the 


creature,  and  brings  us  into  low  places.  Is  yet  by  and  by  there  will  be  a  springing  up 
this  boasting?  Truly  I  fear  to  mention  these  from  one  degree  to  another,  and  a  bringing 
"  ings,  and  it  is  only  to  thee,  my  dear  sister,  'forth  fruit  unto  eternal  life.  Ah  !  I  have  seen 
that  I  thus  speak.  I  doubt  not  that  thou 'that  it  matters  little  how  foolish,  and  weak, 
hast  felt  for  me.  and  I  trust  our  mingled  as-(and  impotent  we  may  appear  in  the  eyes  of 
pirations  to  theFather  of  mercies  have  been, 'the  world,  or  in  our  own  conceptions,  so  long 
that  we  mi<"ht  be  preserved  from  the  snare  of  as  we  retain  our  trust  in  the  Lord  our  Re- 
tbe  fowler.^We  have  both  of  us  had  occasion  jdeemcr.  For  assuredly,  if  we  are  rooted  and 
to  remember  the  years  at  the  right  hand  of  grounded  in  Him,  we  shall  bring  forth  fruit 
the  Most  High;  and  if,  in  these  stripping,  [to  his  praise,  whether  the  eyes  ot  the  world 
ring  seasons,  when  all  the  comeliness  and  may  see  it  or  not.  *  *  *  I  feel  sad  when  I 
beauty  with  which  we  may  seem  to  have  been  see  the  Society  taking  hold  of  those,  who, 
adorned,  are  taken  away,  we  can  but  a  little  escaping  from  the  pruning,  mortifying,  sub- 
recur  to  them,  there  will  be  a  little  hope  jecting  hand,  set  out  with  some  living  experi- 
aised  that  in  his  own  good  time  we  shall  [ences,  but  which  'boasted  of  by  the  airy 
again  see  his  salvation.  I  am  almost  afraid  thing,'  go  to  bring  death  instead  of  life  among 
o  look  for  the  end  of  this  dispensation,  lest 
he  blessed  end  in  view  has  not  been  attained 
—lest  through  the  impatience  ami  restless- 
ness of  the  old  nature  which  loves  the  do- 
minion, the  blessed  work  designed  has  not 
been  accomplished.  O,  my  soul  has  been  a 
little  ravished  with  a  glimpse  of  that  state  of 
purity  of  heart,  in  which  we  are  enabled  to 
see  God — to  which  that  blessed  promise  per- 
tains. This  is  the  point  we  are  to  press  after, 
and  I  am  ready  to  believe  that  most  of  those 
conflicts  to  which  we  are  subjected,  arise  from 
the  strong  opposition  there  is  in  our  nature 
to  that  thorough  subjection  which  is  needful, 
f  we  are  ever  enabled  to  walk  with  God  and 
be  perfect.  I  desire  that  this  may  be  our 
united  exercise,  and  that  we  may  not  look 
outward,  but  inward  to  Him  who  is  all-suffi- 
cient, and  who  though  He  may  try  us  to  an 
hair's  breadth,  will  not  forsake  us,  but  will  in 
the  end  of  the  most  bitter  conflict,  give  us  to 
see  that  his  blessed  hand  has  been  with  us  in 
all  our  afflictions,  and  that  the  angel  of  his 
presence  saveth  us.  May  we  then  trust  ii 
Him  even  in  the  nigbt  seasons;  in  watchful 
ness  and  simplicity  wait  his  time,  believing 
"  that  He  doetb  all  things  well."  My  heart  ' 
tenderly  affected  towards  thee,  with  desires 
for  thy  encouragement  and  strength,  that  in 
the  day  of  trial  there  mayT  be  no  giving  back  ;  ._. 
but  that  trusting  in  the  Lord's  omnipotent  a  steady  abiding  sense  of  my  own  unworthi- 


us,  and  to  build  up  in  that  which  is  for  the 
O,  my  sister,  pray  to  be  preserved  from 
1  desire  it  for  us  both  ;  and  let  us  seek 
in  deep  humility  and  fear,  to  know  our  own 
wills  brought  into  subjection,  and  if  engaged 
at  all  in  the  work  of  teaching  others,  let  our 
words  be  seasoned  with  the  salt  of  the  king- 
dom, ministering  grace  to  the  hearers.  *  *  * 

With  true  love,  I  am  thy  friend  and  brother, 
W.  S." 
From  S.  Jlillman. 

"Philadelphia,  1841. 

Dear  Friend, — To  answer  thy  first  enquiry 
I  may  say,  thou  certainly  forgets  thy  friend 
S.  has  a  large  share  of  engagements  (some  of 
the  domestic  character)  previous  to  the  an- 
nual solemnity,  and  therefore  would  be  com- 
pelled to  forego  the  pleasure  of  a  social  visit 
so  far  abroad,  however  much  she  might  de- 
sire the  gratification.  Truly  it  is  not  a  time 
to  look  for  satisfaction,  save  only  in  knowing 
and  doing  the  will  of  our  Heavenly  Father. 
In  this  I  can  and  bave  of  late  a  little  rejoiced; 
yet  find  it  needful  daily  to  aspire  after  fresh 
supplies  of  wisdom  and  strength  ;  yea,  and 
willingness  too,  to  do  the  work  of  each  re- 
volving day.  In  many  of  these  the  work  of 
suffering,  silent  suffering  in  the  deeps,  has  not 
been  an  experience  of  rapturous  eestacy,  but 
rather  of  descending  to  depths  profound,  with 


Arm,  thou  mayst  be  strengthened  to  go  for 
ward,  assured  as  I  am  that  that  to  thee  is  the 
path  of  peace.  Eich  are  the  rewards  which 
attend  the  Lord's  service;  and  though  the 
preparatory  baptisms  mayr  be  trying,  yet  is 
the  soul  livingly  and  eminently  refreshed 
when  made  the  instrument  of  promoting  his 
blessed  work  in  the  earth — when  prepared  as 
a  sanctified  vessel  to  receive  the  wine  and  the 
oil  of  the  kingdom,  and  enabled  to  dispense 
it  in  the  Lord's  time  to  others.  Let  us  then 
travel  onward  in  our  spiritual  journey,  and 
let  us  not  be  discouraged  when  it  may  seem 
to  us  as  if  we  were  going  backward,  and  as 
though  our  enemy  would  surely  triumph  over 
us.  With  the  shield  of  faith  let  us  quench  the 
fiery  darts  of  the  wicked  ;  and  He  in  whom 
we  trust  will  cause  us  secret^  to  grow  in  the 
root  of  Divine  life,  and  though  now  we  may 
seem  dead,  and  stripped  of  verdure  and  fruit, 


ness,  and  the  necessity  of  following  in  the 
obedience  of  faith,  the  leadings  of  my  dear 
Lord  and  Master.  Sometimes  the  fast  pro- 
claimed seems  very  long  and  painful;  j-et  my 
spirit  is  oftentimes  bowed  in  the  acknowledg- 
ment, that  in  his  service  is  perfect  freedom, 
and  in  my  small  measure  can  adopt  the  lan- 
guage, '  My  meat  is  to  do  the  will  of  Him  that 
sent  me ;  and  to  finish  his  work. 

Now,  my  dear  friend,  whatever  may  be  thy 
peculiar  trials  at  this  time;  cast  thy  burden 
upon  Him  who  is  a  High  Priest  touched  with 
a  feeling  of  our  infirmities,  and  who  is  alone 
able  to  administer  abundantly  an  entrance 
into  his  everlasting  kingdom.  Vain  indeed 
is  our  hope  of  happiness,  so  long  as  the  opinion 
of  men,  even  of  those  who  'seem  to  be  some- 
what,' sways  our  judgment,  or  prompts  our 
actions.  But  when  we  are  made  willing  in 
childlike  simplicity  to  follow  our  Divine  Lord, 


26 


THE    FRIEND. 


and  faithfully  make  all  things  according  to 
the  pattern  showed  us  in  the  Mount,  well  will 
it  be  for  us.  It  matters  not  if  we  be  accounted 
'  turners  of  the  world  upside  down,'  or  fools, 
by  the  children  of  this  world,  our  reward  will 
be  sure,  the  '  Munition  of  Rocks  will  be  our  de- 
fence; bread  will  be  given  us,  our  water  will 
be  sure.'  And  I  do  believe  thou  wilt  have  to 
adopt  the  language  of  the  apostle,  '  having 
obtained  help  from  God,  I  continue  to  this 
day,  witnessing  both  to  small  and  great,'  etc. 
Ah  well,  dear  friend,  let  us  labor  and  not 
faint,  the  prize  is  at  the  end  of  the  race. 

I  have  hastily  penned  these  broken  sen- 
tences interrupted  b}'  company  ;  and  must 
now  to  rest  retire.  With  love  to  thy  E.  and 
self  from  the  family,  as  well  as  thy  oft  tabu- 
lated sister  in  bonds, 

S.  Hillman." 

(To  be  continued. ) 

For  "The  Fnend." 

Pacific  Grove  Retreat. 

On  the  Bay  of  Monterey,  two  miles  from  the 
old  Spanish  town  of  the  same  name,  is  the 
"  Pacific  Grove  Retreat,"  one  of  the  most  de- 
lightful seaside  resorts  of  California.  Along 
the   shore   are   bold   cliffs,  rocky  coves,  and 


Pros.  Stratton,  of  the  University  of  the 
Pacific,  was  President  of  the  Association,  and 
gave  the  opening  address. 

Lectures  were  given  on  the  "  Mollusks  of 
California,"  -'Botanical  Geography,"  "  The 
new  Germ  Theory,"  &c,  by  scientific  investi- 
gators, including  Prof.  Norton  of  the  State 
Normal,  at  San  Jose,  Dr.  Wythe,  of  Oakland, 
and  Dr.  Anderson,  of  Santa  Cruz.  Some 
"  Microscopic  Soirees"  were  given  with  highly 
magnifying  microscopes;  and  early  morning 
conversations  at  the  beach,  on  "  the  sea  as  an 
aquarium."  "  Along  the  Rhine  and  over  the 
Alps  with  a  knapsack,"  was  the  subject  of  a 
thrilling  lecture  by  Maj.  Dane.  Sarah  B. 
Cooper,  of  San  Francisco,  spoke  on  "  The 
Kindergarten  as  a  character  builder,"  and 
highly  appreciated  essays  were  produced  by 
Mary  II.  Field  and  others  from  San  Jose,  on 
such  subjects  as  "Spencer  and  his  Times," 
"The  Growth  of  the  English  Parliament," 
"Florentine  Art,"  and  "The  Times  of  Peri- 
cles." 

On  the  last  day  of  the  Assembly,  the  fore- 
noon was  devoted  to  the  graduating  exercises 
of  the  class  completing  the  prescribed  course 
of  study  in  the  Chautauqua  Circle  ;  and  in  the 
afternoon  there  was  a  social  gathering  on  the 


little  sheltered  beaches,  and  the  hill-slope \ beach,  to  hear  verbal  reports  of  the  work  of 
rising  from  it  is  covered  with  a  forest  of  pines,  the  Circle,  given  by  those  in  attendance  from 
The  average  temperature  is  reported  to  range  different  and  distant  localities. 


rom  52°  in  midwinter,  to  58°  in  midsumme 
A  large  tract  is  here  laid  out  in  parks  and 
avenues,  and  building-lots  for  private  resi- 
dences,  and   placed   under  strict   moral  and 


The  benefit  of  this  course  of  study  as  a 
means  of  culture,  and  the  earnestness  and 
perseverance  of  many  who  pursue  it  in  the 
midst  of  pressing  duties  and  cares,  were  abun 


sanitary  regulations.  No  spirituous  liquors 'dantly  manifest.  Many  would,  I  doubt  not, 
are  allowed  to  be  sold.  Gambling,  card-play-  return  from  the  meeting  and  mingling  here' 
ing  and  dancing  are  prohibited.  Such  rules  stimulated  by  a  healthy  and  helpfutinfluence' 
serve  to  sift  the  visitors  attracted  hither,  and  So  the  days  for  recreation  were  richly  filled 
as  a  consequence  there  is  a  degree  of  order,  with  interest  and  instruction, 
and  quiet,  and  safety  upon  these  grounds,  The  social  privileges  we  enjoyed  were  plea- 
scarcely  to  be  found  elsewhero  in  so  public  a'sant  at  the  time,  and  pleasant  to  remember 
place.  Women  and  children  live  and  lodgelln  the  absence  of  conventionalities  and  re- 
in tents  without  fear,  and  leave  them  with  straints  of  fashionable  society,  and  in  the  free- 
their  contents,  in  the  daytime  or  evening,  'dom  of  tent  life,  it  is  a  place  where  Christians 
without  anxiety.  I having  manj-  common  interests  and  common 

It  is  a  favorite  resort  in  the  summer  vaca-  needs,  easily  become  acquainted,  and  eon- 
tion  for  teachers.  The  Chautauqua  Literary  genial  spirits  find  one  another, 
and  Scientific  Circle  of  the  Pacific  coast,  holds  Being  known  as  Friends,  we  were  urged 
its  annual  assembly  here  in  the  Seventh  month. '  when  First-day  came,  to  hold  a  Friends'  meet- 
It  has  been  the  privilege  of  our  family  toing.  We  shrank  from  a  public  appointment 
enjoy  the  refreshment  of  this  Retreat,  and  j  but  did  not  feel  at  liberty  to  decline  to  join 
some  of  the  interests  centering  here  this  sea-  the  few  who  wished  to  si't  down  together  on 
son.  It  was  our  first  experience  of  "tent"  the  beach  to  worship  after  the  manner  of 
life;  Friends.     No  public  notice  being  authorized, 

An  extract  from  a  description  by  Mary  H.  the  few  only,  who  desired  such  a  meeting 
Field,  will  give  some  idea  of  the  immediate  knew  of  it.  But  on  successive  First-days  1i 
surroundings:  I little  choice  company  drew  together,  and  by 

"  Pacific  Grove  was  never  so  full  of  people,  the  grove  on  the  one  side,  and'  the  sea  on  the 
The  weather  is  faultless.     Every  day  since  lotber,  with  the  music  of  birds  over  head,  and 
the  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle    ' 
Assembly  opened  has  been   beyond  criticism. 
The  beautiful  bay  lies  rippling  and  sparkling 
in  the  sun  more  like  some  lovely  inland  lake 
than   a  part  of  the   great  billowy  sea.     The 
winds  have  been  so  soft  and  low  that  they 
scarcely  rock  the  tasseled  boughs  which  over- 
hang us. 

"There  arc  nearly  two  thousand  people  in 
the  grove.  White  tents  gleam  through  the 
pines  and  little  cottages  dot  all  the  landscape. 
To  stand  on  some  overlooking  point  and  take 
a  view  which  includes  the  whole  grove,  is  one 
of  the  prettiest  and  most,  picturesque  scenes 
that  an  artistic  eye  could  desire." 

Some  of  the  most  eminent  educators  on  this 
coast,  as  well  as  younger  teachers,  contributed 
Lectures  and  Essavs  to  the  Assembly. 


the  waves  at  our  feet,  wo  sat  on  the  sand  of 
the  beach  and  worshipped.  In  the  sensible 
overshadowing  of  heavenly  love,  and  the  fel- 
lowship of  kindred  souls,  silence'  seemed  the 
fitting  manner  of  approach  to  our  Heavenly 
Father.  There  was  a  sweetness  in  the  still- 
ness, and  a  freedom  in  utterance  rarely  felt  ; 
and  these  seasons  will,  I  think,  not  be  for- 
gotten by  those  present.  1  mention  them  as 
among  the  instances  we  have  often  had  to 
mark,  in  which,  without  effort  on  our  part, 
the  Lord  has  opened  the  way  for  service 
which,  though  small,  would  seem  formidable 
if  it  were  not  thus  brought  about.  Every- 
where we  have  to  acknowledge  He  is  a  good 
Master. 


For  "  The  Fr 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

DIVINE    GUIDANCE. 

One  of  the  most  blessed  promises  from  th« 
Lord  to  his  people  in  ancient  times,  is  thatir 
which  it  is  declared  that  He  would  put  his 
law  into  their  minds  and  write  it  on  theii! 
hearts.  The  pure  law  of  the  Lord  i 
ing  all  iniquity  is  written  on  the  hearts  of  all 
through  the  inshining  of  the  Light  of  Christ 
so  that  if  man  will  sincerely  and  humbly  wait 
for,  observe  and  follow  its  teachings,  he  may 
be  led  out  of  all  sin  and  enabled  to  walk  ac 
ceptably  before  God.  This  communion  with 
his  Creator  is  a  blessed  reality;  and  is  as  ar, 
anchor  to  the  soul  of  the  Christian  in  times  o! 
trial.  As  be  grows  in  religious  experience,  h« 
learns  to  depend  more  and  more  fully  on  the 
teaching  of  the  Spirit,  and  becomes  more  quick 
of  discernment;  so  that  he  is  less  likely  to  be 
led  astray  by  the  suggestions  of  his  own 
agination,  which  be"  might  be  in  dange 
mistaking  for  the  leadings  of  the  Spirit. 

These  divine  intimations  areoften  extended 
for  the  guidance  and  help  of  the  Lord's  chil 
dren  even  in  their  outward  affairs.  A  strik 
ing  instance  of  this  is  seen  in  the  following 
narrative  of  Joseph  Lybrand  : 

Joseph  Lybrand  was  a  minister  of  the1 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  the  sum 
mer  of  18—,  had  charge  of  a  congregation  id' 
the  upper  part  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  his 
home  being  in  Crown  St.,  above  Race  St.  Ooi 
certain  First-day  morning,  he  crossed  the 
to  Camden,  N.  J.,  having  engaged  to  preach 
both  morning  and  evening  to  a  Methodist 
congregation  there,  intending  to  spend  the 
time  between  the  two  services  at  the  house 
of  one  of  his  brethren  in  that  town. 

Shortly  after  dinner  he  told  his  host  that 
he  must  return  to  Philadelphia.  On  be 
asked  why?  he  answered  that  he  did  nol 
know  why,  only  that  he  must  return.  His 
friend  was  quite  grieved  to  hear  him  say 
and  expostulated  with  him,  urging  that  he! 
had  promised  to  preach  at  both  the  services, 
that  the  congregation  that  would  meet  in  the 
evening  would  be  greatly  disappointed,  and 
that  he  would  be  ashamed  to  tell  the  people 
that  the  minister  felt  that  he  must  return  to 
the  city,  but  could  give  no  reason  for  his  con- 
duct. 

By  this  time  the  sense  of  duty  had  be- 
come clearer,  and  J.  Lybrand  answered  that 
though  he  knew  not  the  object  of  his  return;, 
he  was  well  satisfied  it  was  a  Divine  intima- 
tion that  he  must  not,  and  could  not,  resist.  : 
Leaving  the  house  of  his  friend,  he  directed 
is  steps  towards  the  Market  St.  Ferry,  for' 
by  it  he  was  accustomed  to  cross  the  river. 
Soon  he  found  that  that  was  not  the  rigH 
path,  but  that  he  must  walk  a  long  distance, 
exposed  to  the  scorching  rays  of  the  sun.  to 
the  Cooper's  Point  ferry,  which  would  land 
him  at  Callowhill  St.  Wondering,  but  satis- 
fied to  follow  Divine  leading  wheresoever  it 
might  carry  him.  in  due  time  he  stepped 
ashore  at  Callowhill  St.  wharf,  and  walking 
up  the  hill,  as  he  crossed  Water  St.,  the  cries 
of  a  little  child  fell  on  his  car.  Musing  upon 
the  wondrous  way  in  which  Cod  was  leading 
him.  he  was  BO  absorbed  in  contemplation  that  I 
for  a  moment  he  gave  no  heed  to  the  crv, 
'twas  but  for  a  moment,  the  next  instant  tho 
earnest  sympathy  of  his  nature,  ami  his 
tense  love  for  little  children  were  fully  aroused 
by  the  piteous  crying  that  plainly  told  of  no 


j 

i 

> 


THE    FRIEND. 


27 


common  sorrow.  Turning  quickly  to  learn 
the  cause,  be  saw  a  great  rough  man  leading, 
or  rather  dragging,  a  little  boy  of  about  three 
pears  of  age,  who  was  crying  bitterly  and 
Eerting  his  puny  strength  to  retard  his  steps. 
Dn  asking  why  the  child  was  in  such  distress, 
the  man  let  go  of  him  and  ran  away,  and  then 
I.  Lybrand,  to  his  horror  and  to  his  great 
;oy,  saw  that  the  wretched  looking  little  crea- 
iure,  so  begrimed  in  person  and  clothing,  was 
bis  own  son,  whom  till  this  moment  he  had 
failed  to  recognize.  The  leading  was  now 
plain,  and  the  blessing  of  obedience  manifest. 

As  to  how  the  little  fellow  came  to  be  in 
>he  street — it  seems  that  early  in  the  after- 
noon his  mother  went  up  stairs,  leaving  him 
;o  play  below,  and  finding  the  gate  unfastened  | 
ne  went  out.  How  far  he  went  before  he  was 
iidnapped  was  never  known,  but  he  could j 
not  have  been  long  away,  for  his  mother  had, 
missed  him  but  a  little  while  before  his  father 
sought  him  home. 

The  whole  life  of  the  Christian  is  a  con- 
tinued experience  of  Divine  guidance  ;  for  it 
18  by  the  Light  of  Christ  that  he  is  enabled  to 
iistinguish  good  from  evil,  and  know  how  to 
jhoose  the  one  and  reject  the  other.  And 
;his  Light  not  only  points  out  the  evil  and 
warns  man  to  forsake  it;  but  it  guides  his 
ateps  in  the  accomplishment  of  those  services 
ind  duties  which  he  is  called  upon  to  per- 
form. This  is  illustrated  in  the  narrative 
Which  a  friend  gave  of  the  manner  in  which 
be  was  helped  to  heal  a  breach  of  friendship 
which  had  greatly  troubled  him.     lie  said  : — ; 

One  da}*  I  had  some  difficulty  with  one  of 
pay  neighbors,  and  he  let  in  hardne-s  towards! 
fne,  so  that  he  would  not  speak  when  we  met, 
^nd  he  would  not  shake  hands  with  me.  I 
Pelt  very  much  cast  down  and  distressed  in 
pay  mind,  both  day  and  night;  so  I  cried  in-i 
Bardly  to  the  Lord  for  deliverance  out  of  this 
ptate,  and  that  the  unity  and  good  feeling  be- 
j,ween  us  might  be  restored.  One  day,  as  I, 
ivas  sitting  in  meeting,  waiting  in  silence  on 
the  Lord,  He  put  it  into  nay  heart  to  go  to 
fhe  man  as  soon  as  meeting  ended;  so,  be- 
fore I  bad  spoken  to  any  one,  or  had  eaten  or 
prank,  I  went  in  the  faith,  and  found  my 
neighbor  alone  in  the  barn,  threshing.  He 
brew  down  his  flail  and  looked  very  much 
Surprised.  We  both  stood  still  for  some  time, 
intil  tears  began  to  run  down  my  face  ;  he 
n  shed  tears  also.  I  told  him  of  the  great 
listress  I  had  felt,  day  and  night.  He  said  \ 
t  had  been  the  case  with  him  too.  So  we 
nade  friends,  and  the  unity  was  never  again 
n-oken,  for  afterwards,  when  we  met,  we  al-l 
vays  bad  good  feelings. 

The  following  incident  in  the  experience  of 
Thos.  Waring,  a  Friend,  of  Leominster,  Eng- 
and,  was  related  by  a  clergyman  of  the  Church 
>f  England,  who  bad  a  high  respect  for  the 
sharacter  of  the  good  old  man.  As  he  sat 
>ne  afternoon  in  bis  shop,  among  his  work- 
deople,  it  was  strongly  impressed  on  his  mind 
hat  he  must  set  off  directly  to  the  neighbor- 
ng  town  of  Ross.  It  was  winter  time;  the 
lays  were  short,  and  the  weather  none  of  the 
jest.  The  idea  seemed  so  strange  to  him  that 
ie  tried  to  get  rid  of  it,  but  he  could  not  free 
lis  mind  of  what  appeared  to  be  his  duty, 
it  was  impressed  upon  him  like  a  mission, 
ind  he  was  one  of  those  pure,  simple  and 
ibedient  spirits,  that  once  knowing  the  will 
if  God,  he  must  implicitly  obey  it. 

He  rose  from  the  seat  where  he  was  at 
rork,  and  gave  orders  that  bis  horse  should 


be  immediately  saddled.  It  was  four  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  and  thirty  miles  to  Eoss. 
He  stopped  at  Hereford  to  bait  his  horse,  and, 
in  order  to  lose  no  time,  fed  it  with  oatmeal 
mash,  and  resumed  his  journey.  It  was  late 
in  the  night  when  be  approached  Eoss,  and 
still  his  business  there  remained  unknown  to 
him.  In  passing  over  the  Wye,  however,  as 
he  entered  the  town,  he  cast  his  eyes  upward, 
and  saw  in  the  darkness  of  the  night,  and 
amid  the  tall,  dark  bouses,  a  light  in  an  attic 
window,  and  immediately  it  was  revealed  to 
him  that  there  lay  his  mission,  and  that  in 
going  there  all  would  be  made  plain.  He 
lost  not  a  moment,  but  riding  directly  up  to 
the  door,  knocked  loudly.  No  one  came,  and 
while  waiting,  be  gave  his  horse  in  charge  to 
a  boy  in  the  street,  bidding  him  take  it  to  a 
brother  Quaker's,  one  George  Dew,  and  say 
that  the  owner  of  the  horse  would  sleep  at 
his  house  that  night.  An}'  one  but  a  simple 
man  full  of  faith,  as  old  Thomas  Waring  was. 
would  have  feared  lest  the  boy  should  run  off 
with  the  horse,  but  the  boy  conveyed  both 
the  horse  and  the  message  faithfully. 

After  waiting  long  at  the  door  of  the  house, 
a  young  woman  opened  it,  and  timidly  asked, 
"  what  he  pleased  to  want?"  He  told  her  in 
all  simplicity  that  be  did  not  know,  but  that 
if  she  would  listen  for  a  few  moments  to  what 
he  had  to  say,  perhaps  she  herself  might  ex- 
plain it.  She  invited  him  in.  and  be  related 
to  her  the  way  bis  mind  had  been  impressed, 
remarking,  in  conclusion,  "  And  having  told 
this,  I  can  only  repeat  that  I  do  not  know  for 
what  I  am  come." 

The  young  woman  was  much  affected,  and 
wept  bitterly.  "Sir,"  said  she,  "I  can  tell 
you  for  what  you  are  come ;  it  is  to  save  me. 
I  was  gone  into  that  upper  room  with  a  firm 
intention  of  putting  an  end  to  my  life,  which 
has  become  very  miserable.  Nothing  would 
have  prevented  me  from  committing  suicide 
bad  you  not  come.  God  has  sent  you.  I 
now  see  that  I  am  not  altogether  forsaken  or 
abandoned  by  Him."  "  Thou  art  not  for- 
saken of  God,  indeed,"  said  the  good  man, 
himself  deeply  affected,  as  he  went  on  to  pour 
hope  and  consolation  into  her  sorrowful  spirit. 


Earthquake  at  Ischia. 

The  newspapers  have  from  time  to  time 
given  details  of  the  sad  loss  of  life  occasioned 
by  the  recent  earthquake  on  this  island,  in 
which  several  thousands  of  persons  are  sup- 
posed to  have  perished. 

Ischia  is  situated  near  Naples  and  Mt, 
Vesuvius,  in  one  of  the  volcanic  regions  of  the 
earth,  and  has  at  various  times  suffered  from 
eruptions  from  Monte  Epomeo,  a  volcano  of 
its  own.  An  eruption  in  1302  lasted  two 
months,  and  occasioned  a  serious  loss  of  life 
and  property. 

It  is  a  favorite  place  of  summer  resort,  and 
is  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  mineral  waters 
and  numerous  springs,  the  richness  of  its  soil, 
the  exquisite  flavor  of  its  fruits,  and  the  en- 
chanting character  of  its  scenery. 

The  earthquake  was  especially  severe  about 
the  village  of  Casamicciola,  which  was  almost 
totally  destoyed.  A  correspondent  of  the 
London  Times,  who  writes  from  the  site  of 
this  village,  under  date  of  8th  mo.  3d,  says: 

"  No  pen  can  describe  the  state  of  ruin  to 
which  this  once  lovely  spot  is  reduced.  The 
very  topography  of  Casamicciola,  with  its  sur- 
roundings  covered    with    pretty   villas   and 


hotels,  is  absolutely  obliterated.  It  is  scared}' 
possible,  even  for  one  well  acquainted  with 
the  place,  to  indicate  the  lines  where  the  roads, 
the  pleasant  walks,  the  paths  through  the 
vineyards  once  ran.  The  ground  is  rent  in 
long  deep  fissures  several  inches  in  width. 
In  one  place  only  have  I  come  on  any  trace 
of  a  pavement.  That  is  a  small  portion  of  the 
main  road  leading  upwards,  where  it  skirts, 
cornice  fashion,  the  side  of  the  hill.  The  outer 
half  has  been  swept  away.  Here  and  in  other 
places  there  have  been  landslips,  and  largo 
trees,  carried  half  way  down,  are  hanging 
horizontally  from  their  sides,  with  telegraph 
wires  still  extended  from  them. 

The  great  majority  of  the  bouses  and  villas, 
and  especially  those  situated  at  the  Maddalena, 
are  reduced  to  unrecognizable  heaps  of  ruins 
— to  great  mounds  of  building  refuse — but 
formed  of  fragments  for  the  most  part  far  too 
massive  for  any  human  hand  to  lift.  Pro- 
jecting from  them  are  beams  of  wood,  doors 
split  in  two,  large  fragments  of  boarded  floors, 
household  utensils,  and  smashed  furniture. 
But  among  these  utter  wrecks  there  are,  here 
and  there,  great  corners  of  houses,  standing 
in  perilous  condition  enough,  but  still  erect, 
and  in  some  of  them  the  lower  rooms  are  in- 
tact. On  the  portions  of  the  upper  floors  re- 
maining I  saw  chairs,  washing  stands,  and 
other  articles  of  furniture.  On  one  house 
were  perched  two  ring-doves,  with  their  wings 
closely  folded,  which  must  have  belonged  to 
the  occupants.  The  balconies  were  smashed, 
and  their  railings  strangely  twisted. 

The  learned  Professor  Stefano  de  Rossi, 
who  was  on  the  island  recently,  told  me  that 
the  lesser  wreck  which  these  houses  had  suf- 
fered was  due  to  their  being  situated  diagon- 
Jally  towards  the  waves  of  the  earthquake, 
j  which  their  corners  met  like  prows  of  ships  ; 
I while  those  houses  which  fronted  the  waves 
'  had  gone  down  before  them  as  if  built  of  cards. 
I  noticed  that  all  the  remains  standing  were 
more  or  less  at  the  same  angle- 

Telling  me  that  earthquakes,  the  special 
object  of  his  studies,  generally  follow  the  lines 
of  the  geological  fractures  of  the  locality,  he 
went  on  to  explain  that  Casamicciola  is  situ- 
ated at  the  point  where  the  two  fractures  of 
the  Ischian  volcano  intersect  each  other.  The 
first  of  these  runs  in  a  direction  from  south 
to  north.  The  second  fracture  forms  the  line 
of  division  between  the  primitive  submarine 
crater  and  that  of  the  Epomeo,  and  runs  in  a 
somewhat  curved  line  from  east  to  west.  The 
volcanic  explosion  took  place  at  the  point  of 
intersection,  beneath  Casamicciola  ;  hence  the 
greater  ruin  there." 

Many  of  those  who  perished  were  at  once 
crushed  in  the  ruins.  Others  were  so  im- 
prisoned that  escape  was  impossible  without 
help  from  outside;  some  of  these  have  been 
rescued,  and  probably  many  have  died  of  star- 
vation. The  writer  to  the  Times  thus  de- 
scribes the  successful  effort  to  release  two  of 
these  poor  sufferers : 

"The  two  poor  creatures,  young  men  of  17 
and  18  years,  who  were  saved  last  night,  had 
been  fortunate  enough  to  have  within  their 
reach  a  quantity  of  fruit,  tomatoes,  and  a 
bottle  of  vinegar,  and  upon  those  things  they 
had  subsisted.  They  were  in  a  room  on  the 
ground  floor,  buried  beneath  the  whole  re- 
mains of  the  house.  The  floor  of  the  room 
above,  sustained  in  part  by  a  chest  of  drawers 
and  a  sewing  machine  (one  of  the  lads  was  a 
tailor)  and  some  other  pieces  of  furtiture,  had 


28 


THE    FRIEND. 


enclosed  thcra — coffined  them,  as  it  were 
narrow  cavities  of  a  few  square  feet. 

A  photograph  of  that  particular  heap  of 
ruins,  with  the  same  soldiers  who  dug  the 
men  out  yesterday  seated  on  the  top  of  it,  had 
been  taken  the  day  before.  The  men  buried 
beneath  heard  the  noise  above  them,  and  called 
out  at  the  top  of  their  voices,  but  in  vain.  At 
daybreak  yesterday  morning  a  brother  of  one 
of  them  who  had  escaped  went  to  the  spot  to 
search  for  the  body  of  his  father.  After  d"_ 
ging  downwards  for  some  time  he  heard  what 
seemed  to  be  a  voice  from  below.  He  rushed 
away  for  help.  A  detachment  of  the  corps  of 
engineers  went  up  immediate!}',  and  soon 
afterwards  I  reached  the  spot,  with  the  Min- 
ister of  Public  Works. 

We  saw  the  first  of  the  two  lads  emerge 
from  below,  first  bis  two  arms,  then  his  head 
and  shoulders.  Covered  with  dust  and  star- 
ing wildly  around,  he  clung  tightly  to  those 
who  helped  him  out.  Strange  as  it  may  ap- 
pear, his  color  was  good  and  natural,  bis  pulse 
full,  regular  and  normal.  He  was  laid  in  a 
half-recumbent  position  upon  a  stretcher,  re- 
storatives were  administered,  and  the  first 
thing  that  came  to  hand — an  altar-cloth,  from 
the  ruins  of  the  neighboring  church — was 
thrown  round  his  shoulders. 

Questioned  if  there  were  any  others  there, 
he  replied:  'Yes,  one  alive  and  one  dead.' 
After  awhile  he  got  up,  supported  by  his 
cousin  and  a  soldier,  and  walked  away  clown 
to  the  shore.  But  on  hearing  that  there  was 
another  man  still  alive  below,  the  engineers, 
with  some  men  of  one  of  the  infantry  regi- 
ments, set  to  work  again  like  heroes.  It  is 
impossible  to  extol  too  highly  the  energy  of 
officers  and  men  alike,  laboring  as  they  did 
six  long  hours  under  a  blazing  August  sun. 
The  first  thing  to  do  was  to  find  out  exactly 
where  the  man  was.  In  reply  to  questions 
shouted  at  an  aperture,  a  voice  was  heard 
faintly  from  far  within.  Little  by  little  the 
spot  was  approached,  at  the  imminent  risk  of 
the  superincumbent  mass  coming  down  and 
crushing  the  poor  creature  to  death. 

After  a  couple  of  hours'  labor  we  could  dis- 
tinguish what  he  said.  One  of  his  feet,  he 
told  us,  was  fast  under  a  beam.  Fragments 
of  ice  and  small  draughts  of  restoratives  were 
passed  in  to  him,  and,  to  counteract  the  stench 
of  a  corpse  lying  close  by  him,  quantities  of 
phenic  acid  were  poured  about.  A  carbineer 
who  went  into  the  hole  head  first  to  ascertain 
the  man's  position  was  so  overpowered  with 
the  effluvia  that  he  had  to  be  dragged  out  by 
the  feet  in  a  fainting  condition.  At  last  the 
man  was  got  at ;  the  boards  above  him  were 
broken  away,  and  his  head  appeared.  I  shall 
never  forget  the  sight  as  he  first  looked  out, 
his  face  covered  with  dust,  his  cheeks  sunken, 
his  eyes  strangely  and  unnaturally  brilliant, 
But  he  was  still  bound  by  the  beam  upon  his 
foot,  and  at  any  moment  might  yet  have  been 
crushed  before  us.  At  half-past  four,  how- 
ever, after  six  boms'  labor,  the  beam  was 
reached.  A  saw  cut  divided  it,  the  man's  foot 
was  liberated  uninjured,  and  he  was  placed 
immediately  on  a  litter,  anil  carried  down  in 
triumph  to  the  shore.  Later  be  was  taken 
across  to  Naples  on  board  of  the  Umbria,  and 
sent  to  the  hospital  of  the  Pellegrini,  for  he 
was  in  a  very  different  condition  from  the 
other  prisoner.  He  was  much  exhausted,  and 
bis  pulse  was  rapid,  faint  and  irregular." 

Sin  is  of  one  nature  all  the  world  over. 


What  is  His  Creed  ? 

[The  verses  which  follow  may  be  regarded 
as  an  illustration  of  what  the  Apostle  James 
states— "that  faith  without  works  is  dead"- 
an  important  truth  !  for  however  just  may  be 
our  sentiments,  and  however  fully  we  may 
be  convinced  of  the  truths  of  religion,  if  they 
do  not  so  influence  our  conduct  that  we  are 
led  into  the  paths  of  practical  righteousness 
then  our  "  religion  is  vain  ;"  for  we  are  com 
manded  to  be  "doers  of  the  word,  and  not 
hearers  only." 

Yet  we  desire  that  our  readers  may  guard 
against  the  opposite  error  of  setting  too  light 
a  value  on  correct  belief;  for  our  opinion 
greatly  affect  our  practice.  Precious  indeed 
and  highly  to  be  valued  is  that  unfolding  of 
Divine  truth  to  the  mind  which  the  humbl 
and  faithful  Christian  is  sometimes  favored 
with  from  the  Source  of  all  good.  Our  blessed 
Bedeemer  gave  thanks  unto  the  Father,  be 
cause  he  had  revealed  unto  "  babes"  those 
mysteries  which  had  been  hidden  from  the 
wise  and  prudent  of  this  world.  The  apostles 
asked  of  Him  to  increase  their  faith.  Some 
times  one  of  the  first  symptoms  of  moral  ruin, 
is  the  throwing  aside  of  those  beliefs  which 
bad  before  had  a  restraining  power  over  the 
conduct. — Ed.] 

He  left  a  load  of  anthracite 

In  front  of  a  poor  widow's  door 
When  tlie  deep  snow,  frozen  and  white, 

Wrapped  street  and  square,  mountain  and  moor. 
That  was  his  deed; 
He  did  it  well; 
"  What  was  his  creed  ?" 
I  cannot  tell. 

Blessed  "in  his  basket  and  his  store," 

In  sitting  down  and  rising  up  ; 
When  more  he  got,  he  gave  the  more, 
Withholding  not  the  crust  and  cup. 
He  took  the  lead 
In  each  good  task. 
"What  was  his  creed?" 
I  did  not  ask. 

His  charity  was  like  (he  snow, 

Soft,  white  and  silent  in  its  fall; 
Not  like  the  noisy  winds  that  blow 

From  shivering  trees  the  leaves — a  pall 
For  flower  and  mead, 
Dropping  below. 
"  What  was  his  creed?" 
The  poor  may  know." 

He  had  great  faith  in  loaves  of  bread, 
For  hungry  people  young  and  old, 
And  hope-inspired,  kind  words  he  said 
To  those  he  sheltered  from  the  cold. 
For  we  must  feed 
As  well  as  pray. 
"  What  was  his  creed  ?" 
I  cannot  say. 

In  works  he  did  not  put  his  trust ; 

His  faith  in  words  he  never  writ; 
He  loved  lo  share  his  cup  and  crust 
With  all  mankind  who  needed  il. 
In  time  of  need 
A  friend  was  he. 
"  What  was  his  creed  ?" 
He  told  not  me. 

He  put  his  trust  in  Heaven,  and  he 

Worked  well  with  hand  and  head; 
Anil  what  he  gave  in  charily 

Sweetened  his  sleep  and  daily  bread. 

Let  ns  take  heed, 

For  life  is  brief, 

"  What  was  his  creed  ? 

What  his  belief?" 


'Trials  make  our  faith  sublime, 
Trials  give  new  life  to  prayer, 
Lift  us  to  a  holier  clime, 

Make  ns  strong  lo  do  and  hear.' 


LINES 
Written  on  the  absence  of  a  beloved  Friend  from  a  mid- 
week meeting. 
I  sat  amidst  the  worshippers,  my  mind  went  forth  on 

thee, 
But  where  the  congregation  met  thy  form  I  did  not  see. 
The  wings  of  Ancient  Goodnesss  were  hovering  o'er 

the  place, 
But  'neath   their  canopy  of  love  thy  form  I  could  not 

trace. 
From    Heaven   came   down  fresh  manna,  the  hungry 

souls  to  feed, 
But  there  thou  gathered  not  a  crumb  to  stay  thy  hour 

of  need. 
The  Holy  Spirit  ope'd  the  door,  and  living  prayer  was 

heard  ; 
But  ah,  no  incense  from  thy  heart  before  the  throne 

appeared. 
Baptized   in   suffering,  the  faithful  ones   the  church's 

sorrows  bore, 
But  ah,  thou  drank  not  of  their  cup,  nor  tasted  of  their 

store. 
"  Let  there  be  light,"  said  mercy's  voice,  hope's  rays 

around  them  shone, 
But  all  those  holy  beams  of  joy  were  to  thy  soul  un- 
known. 
Oh  would  that  when  the  worshippers  meet  in  the  house 

of  prayer, 
Thy  heart   and   presence   may   be  found  amongst  thy 

people  there. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Gth  mo.  1883.— Opening  the  Bible  at  1st 
Cor.  6th  chapter,  I  was  impressed  to  request' 
Friends  whose  eyes  may  chance  to  rest  upon 
these  few  lines  to  read  prayerfully  the  first 
part  of  the  chapter,  1st  to  7th  inclusive. 

Were  we  all  taught  by  the  precious  anoint- 
ing from  above,  (1  John  ii.  27,)  loving  one 
another  as  Christ  loved  us,  would  the  thought 
of  seeking  redress  for  injuries  ever  enter  our 
minds?  Christ's  own  words  are  very  plain 
on  that  subject,  Matt.  v.  40. 


For  "The  Friend." 

A  boxing  match  with  gloves  between 
John  L.  Sullivan  and  Herbert  A.  Slade  took 
place  in  Madison  Square  Garden,  New  York, 
last  night,  If  resulted  in  Slade '  being  knocked 
out  in  the  third  round.'  Over  ten  thousand 
people  were  present,  and  a  force  of  one  hun- 
dred policemen  kept  order  within  the  garden, 
many  more  being  stationed  around  the  en- 
trances. The  receipts  of  the  exhibition  were 
estimated  at  about  S16,000.  Among  the  spec- 
tators were  '  police  justices,  city  court  and 
civil  justices,  senators,  actors,  politicians  and 
sporting  men.'  The  audience  was  a  demon- 
strative one,  and  frequently  punctuated  the 
performance  with  yells  and  applause. 

Felicitos  Mejia,  a  famous  bull  tighter,  was 
fatally  gored  by'  a  bull  in  the  arena  near  the 
City  of  "Mexico,  on  Sunday  morning.  There 
was  great  excitement  among  the  spectators.'' 

The  above  is  clipped  from  the  Phila.  Ledger 
of  yesterday.  We  lately-  heard  the  remark, 
that  there  was  a  very  manifest  religions  re- 
vival in  Now  York.  If  so  be,  perhaps  it  bad 
not  reached  the  ears,  at  least  the  hearts,  of 
these  civil  dignitaries  with  the  "ten  thousand'' 
they  more  or  less  influenced  I 

But  "What  is  life  thus  spent?  and  what 
are  they  but  frantick,  who  thus  spend  it?" 
One  of  the  apostles  of  Jesus  who  gave  his  pre- 
cious life  for  us,  and  who  now  is  our  Law- 
giver, and  will  be  our  Judge,  has  written: 
Ye  are  not  your  own  ;  hut  are  bought  with 
a  price:  therefore  glorify  God  in  your  body, 
and  in  your  spirit,  which  are  God's. 

This,  together  with  the  bull  light  in  a  neigh- 
boring government — alike  deserving  abhofj 
out    almost  induces  the  query,  Do  we  livo 


THE    FRIEND. 


29 


in  an  enlightened  and  civilized,  not  to  say 
Christian  era  and  country  ?  or  must  we  take 
our  retrograde  stand,  judging  of  the  tree  by 
its  fruits,  among  the  dark  and  middle  ages  ? 
to  which  period  such  pugilistic  science  and 
brutal  waste  of  effort  belong. 
8lh  mo.  8tb,  1883. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Weeds,  if  let  alone,  multiply  rapidly,  and 
in  time  will  usurp  the  place  of  a  more  profit- 
able growth  altogether.  I  have  been  fighting 
them  for  several  years  past  and  find  out  as 
follows,  viz  : 

1st.  There  is  but  little  use  in  cutting  them 
down — they  need  to  be  taken  out  by  the  root 
if  my  farm  is  to  be  rid  of  them  wholly. 

2nd.  I  would  sometimes  choose  the  twilight 
of  evening  to  prosecute  the  war  ;  but  this 
partial  light  is  not  sufficient  to  discover  all — 
broad  day-ligbt  is  better.  The  most  noxious 
are  not  always  the  most  conspicuous. 

3rd.  If  I  have  ten  thousand  "  thistles"  or 
"French  mullen"  in  my  field  and  rid  it  of  all 
but  one,  and  let  that  one  grow  and  mature 
and  cast  its  seeds,  the  end  of  my  labor  seems 
lost. 

4th.  Weeds,  some  weeds  especially,  spoil 
much  good  ground,  not  only  by  impoverish- 
ment, but  also  by  repelling  the  kindly  cow 
who  seeks  for  food  the  sweet  grass  growing 
close  by. 

As  it  is  with  the  farm  and  its  weeds,  is  it 
not  much  the  same  with  the  heart  of  man 
and  its  weeds  ?  Some  profitable  reflections 
have  arisen  out  of  this  weeding  process. 


There  were  handed  to  me  some  weeks  ago 
a  few  copies  of  "an  "Address,"  issued  by  the 
late  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadel- 
phia, for  distribution  ;  and  after  carefully 
reading  every  page  and  sentence  myself,  I 
felt  great  freedom  in  handing  them  to  others, 
who" have  read  them  with  interest  and  ap- 
proval. I  have  forwarded  copies  to  some 
who  desire  to  become  more  acquainted  with 
the  doctrines  and  usages  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  They  can  now  be  used  to  great  ad 
vantage.  Joseph  Morris. 

Cardington,  Ohio,  8th  mo.  14th,  1883. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Items,  &c. 

Methodist  View  of  Card-playing. — 1.  Card 
playing  is  the  common  method  of  gambling. 

2.  The  young  who  learn  to  play  cards  are 
liable  to  be  tempted  to  gamble  wherever  they 
go.  Commercial  travellers,  constituting 
large  and  important  class  of  young  men,  are 
veiy  liable  to  temptation  by  this  means.  A 
vast  amount  of  gambling  is  practised  among 
young  clerks  and  boys  all  through  the  country. 

3.  To  play  cards  may,  for  the  reasons  above 
given,  though  not  specially  detrimental  to 
ourselves,  influence  others  to  their  harm. 

4.  The  associations  of  cards  are  generally 
degrading  ;  at  the  best,  almost  invariably  irre- 
ligious. 

5.  When  the  ungodly  see  Christians  play 
ing  cards,  they  always  conclude  they  are  per 
sons  without  much  religion,  and  always  con 
sider  that  they  have  made  a  point  against  the 
Church  and  against  such  professors. 

6.  There  is  a  powerful  faseiuation  about  all 
games  of  chance,  which  over  a  large  portio 
of  the  youth  is  deleterious  in  the  extreme. 

7.  Chance  opens  speculation,  excites  the 
imagination,    develops    fascination,    inspires 


perpetual  hope,  even  against  reason,  and  is 
but  a  partial  test  of  intellectual  power. 

8.  It  is  pitiable  to  see  a  Christian  man  who 
might  have  a  great  influence,  throw  it  away 
by  devotion  to  cards.  "Dead  flies  cause  the 
ointment  of  the  apothecary  to  send  forth  a 
stinking  savor  :  so  doth  a  little  folly  him  that 
is  in  reputation  for  wisdom  and  honor."  (Eccl. 

l.)^-Ck.  Adv. 

Independent  Churches. — Several  independent 
churches  have  recently  been  organized  in  the 
Xorth  West  on  a  Congregational  basis,  being 
disconnected  with  any  denomination,  or  any 
other  organization.  The  iVay  of  Holiness 
says  this  is  no  new  thing,  and  that  there  are 
n  Philadelphia  independent  Methodist  con- 
gregations served  by  pastors  of  their  own 
choosing. 

Secret  Societies. — The  Society  of  Friends 
discourages  its  members  from  joining  any 
secret  society,  such  as  Masons,  Odd  Fellows, 
&c.  There  is  no  need  for  mystery  and  secrecy 
where  persons  are  joined  together  for  a  good 
purpose.  The  Scriptures  declare,  "He  that 
doeth  truth  cometh  to  the  light,  that  his  deeds 
may  be  made  manifest  that  they  are  wrought 
in  God;"  but  he  that  doeth  evil  hateth  the 
light.  There  is  a  constant  liability  in  all 
secret  organizations,  where  the  doings  of  the 
members  are  not  brought  to  the  light,  of  their 
being  used  for  wrong  purposes — for  purposes 
which  their  members  would  not  be  willing  to 
have  exposed  to  the  eye  of  the  public.  The 
Phoenix  Park  murders,  in  Ireland,  were  per- 


"  Iliad."  That  is  only  a  part  of  the  ancient 
Yedic  literature,  and  the  whole  was  com- 
posed, and  fixed,  and  handed  down  by  memory, 
only,  as  Max  Muller  says,  by  "memory  kept 
under  the  strictest  discipline."  There  is  still 
a  class  of  priests  in  India  who  have  to  know 
by  heart  the  whole  of  the  "  Big- Veda."  And 
there  is  this  curious  corroboration  of  the 
fidelity  with  which  this  memorizing  has  been 
carried  on  and  handed  down,— that  tbey  have 
kept  on  transmitting  in  the  ancient  literal 
form  laws  prohibiting  practices  that  have 
nevertheless  become  established.  Suttee  is 
now  found  to  be  condemned  by  the  Vedas 
themselves.  This  was  first  pointed  out  by 
their  European  students,  but  has  since  been 
admitted  by  the  native  Sanscrit  scholars. 

There  has  been  writing  in  India  for  t  wenty- 
flve  hundred  years  now  ;  yet  the  custodians 
of  the  Vedic  traditions  have  never  trusted  to 
it.  They  trust,  for  the  perfect  perpetuation 
and  transmission  of  the  sacred  books,  to  dis- 
ciplined memory.  They  have  manuscripts; 
they  have  even  a  printed  text  book  ;  but, 
says  Max  Muller,  "they  do  not  learn  their 
sacred  lore  from  them.  They  learn  it,  as 
their  ancestors  learned  it  thousands  of  years 
ago,  from  the  lips  of  a  teacher,  so  that  the 
Vedic  succession  should  never  be  broken." 
For  eight  years  in  their  youth,  they  are  en- 
tirely occupied  in  learning  this.  'They  learn 
a  few  lines  every  day,  repeat  them  for  hours, 
so  that  the  whole  house  resounds  with  the 
noise;  and  they  thus  strengthen  their  memory 


petrated  by  the  order  of  a  secret  society  to  to  that  degree  that  when  their  apprenticeship 
which  the  murderers  belonged.  In  reference  is  finished  you  can  open  them  like  a  book 
to  them  the  Toledo  Blade  remarks :—  [and  find  any  passage  you  like,  any  word,  any 

"No  man  has  the  right  to  place  himself  accent."  And  Max  Muller  shows/from  rules 
where  he  has  no  moral  control  of  his  own  ac-  given  in  the  Vedas  themselves,  that  this  oral 
tions,  yet  this  is  what  he  does  when  he  joins  [teaching  of  them  was  carried  on,  exactly  as 
a  secret  society  and  binds  himself  to  blindly  now,  at  least  as  early  as  500  b.  o. 
obey  all  orders  from  headquarters,  without  I  Very  much  the  same  was  it  with  those 
hesitation  or  thought  of  whether  they  are  rabbinical  schools  amid  which  the  Talmud 
right  or  wroncr.  Indeed  he  dare  not  question  gradually  grew  up.  All  of  that  vast  litera- 
the  mandates  of  these  persons  whom  he  does  ture,  exceeding  many  times  in  bulk  Homer, 
He  must  simply  do  as  he  is  bid- 


not  know 

den,  even  though  it  makes  him  a  partner  in 

the  most  atrocious  crimes.     The  lessons  these 

disclosures  teach  is,  to   become  a  member  of 

no  societies  w 

declared,  to   take   no  oaths  to  obey  persons 

whose  very  names  are  unknown." 

Brahmin  Medical  Student. — An  interesting 
item  of  news  from  India  is,  that  Anadibai 
Joshee,  a  Brahmin  lady  of  good  social  posi- 
tion, has  embarked  at  Calcutta,  in  company 
with  several  missionary  ladies,  for  America, 
with  the  purpose  of  entering  the  Women's 
Medical  College  at  Philadelphia,  as  a  student. 
Her  husband  is  Postmaster  at  Serampore. 
She  delivered  an  extemporaneous  address  at 
the  Serampore  College,  before  leaving,  in 
which  she  said  that  her  object  in  coming  to 
this  country  was  to  prepare  herself  to  aid 
efficiently  in  the  elevation  of  her  sex  in  her 
native  land. — Ch.  Adv. 


and  the  Vedas,  and  the  Bible  altogether,  was 
— at  any  rate,  until  its  later  periods — the 
growth  of  oral  tradition.  It  was  prose  tradi- 
tion, too,  which  is  the  hardest  to  remember; 
hose  purposes  are  not  openly  j  and  yet  it  was  carried  down  century  after 
ike  no  oaths  to  obey  persons  century  in  the  memory,  and  long  after  it  had 
been  all  committed  to  writing  the  old  metno- 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Power  of  Memory'. — As  for  evidence  of  the 
power  of  memory,  what  better  can  we  desire 
than  the  well-known  fact  of  the  transmission 
of  the  "  Iliad,"  with  its  15,677  lines,  for 
generations,  perhaps  for  centuries,  before  it 
was  ever  written  ?  Yet  even  that  is  a  mere 
trifle,  compared  with  the  transmission  of  the 
Vedas.  The  "Big-Veda,"  with  its  1,017 
h}-mns,  is  about  four  times  the  length  of  the 


rizing  continued  in  the  schools.  Indeed,  it 
has  not  entirely  ceased,  even  now  ;  for  my 
friend,  Dr.  Gottheil,  of  New  York,  tells  me 
that  he  has  had  in  his  study  a  man  who  thus 
knows  the  entire  Talmud  by  heart,  and  can 
take  it  up  at  any  word  that  is  given  him,  and 
go  on  repeating  it  syllable  by  syllable  with 
absolute  correctness. 

The  Bottom  Falls  Out  of  a  Lal;e.—Tled  Fish 
Lake,  above  Sawtooth  City,  on  the  summit 
of  the  Sawtooth  range  of  mountains,  in  the 
Wood  Biver  region,  Idaho,  has  dropped 
through  the  bottom.  The  lake  had  an  area 
of  several  miles  and  was  manj7  fathoms  in 
depth.  It  was  on  the  summit  of  one  of  the 
peaks  of  the  range,  some  11,000  feet  elevation 
above  the  sea,  and  surrounded  by  heavy 
timber,  which  rendered  it  a  delightful  place 
of  resort  in  the  summer  for  camping,  fishing 
and  boating  parties.  The  lake  has  been  there 
since  the  white  man  has  known  the  country, 
but  lately — the  day  of  the  occurrence  is  not 
known— the  bottom  fell  out.  The  country 
formation  is  granite  and  limestone,  and  an 
immense  fissure  has  opened,  whether  caused 
by  separation  or  settling  of  the  earth's  sur- 


30 


THE    FRIEND. 


face  or  from  volcanic  action  is  not  known.  At 
present  the  bed  of  the  lake  is  dry,  and  pre- 
sents the  appearance  of  a  deep  gorge  or  valley 
on  the  summit  of  the  mountains.  The  lake 
has  always  contained  millions  of  red  fish,  and 
been  a  favorite  resort  for  bear,  deer  and  other 
game. — Hailey  Times. 

Clear-headed  Crows. — In  one  instance  I  had 
my  field-glass  with  me,  and  made  careful 
notes  of  what  took  place.  The  crows  had 
assembled  on  Duck  Island,  in  the  Delaware 
river,  and  were  busily  engaged  in  running 
along  the  edges  of  the  sand-bars  exposed  at 
low  tide.  Every  few  moments  one  of  them 
would  rise  up  to  a  height  of  fully  fifty  feet, 
carrying  a  mussel  in  its  beak,  and  flying  in- 
land to  a  distance  of  one  hundred  yards,  would 
let  the  mollusk  fall  on  the  meadow.  Usually 
the  force  of  the  fall  was  sufficient  to  break  the 
shell.  The  crows,  as  soon  as  they  had  let 
fall  their  burden,  immediately  returned  to 
the  island  and  bars  and  gathered  more  mus- 
sels. This  was  continued  until  the  returning 
tide  made  mussel-hunting  impracticable.  In 
no  instance  did  the  crows  carry  the  food  they 
were  gathering  by  their  feet.  There  is  one 
fact  with  reference  to  this  habit  of  the  crows, 
which  is,  I  think,  indicative  of  greater  intelli- 
gence than  the  mere  fact  of  lifting  an  object 
and  dropping  it  in  order  to  break  it.  This 
is,  that  all  the  mussels  so  dropped  -were  left 
undisturbed  until  the  returning  waters  made 
further  fishing  impracticable,  when  the  birds 
hastened  to  feast  on  the  results  of  their  in- 
telligent labor.  Marvellous  as  it  may  seem, 
these  crows  recognize  the  nature  of  tides  ; 
and,  knowing  their  time  was  short,  made  as 
good  use  of  it  as  possible. — Science. 

Large  Trees. — The  trackless  forests  in  the 
west  of  Tasmania  contain  huge  timber,  and 
bush  men  report  that  they  have  met  with 
specimens  of  eucalyptus  measuring  200  feet 
from  the  ground  to  the  first  branch,  and  fully 
350  feet  in  all.  Until  1873  there  was  stand- 
ing on  the  eastern  slope  of  Mount  Wellington, 
within  four  miles  of'Hobart  Town,  a  eucalyptus 
measuring  86  feet  in  girth  and  more  than 
300  i'eet  in  height,  and  its  ruined  boll  still 
forms  a  grim  chamber  in  which  many  a  merry 
party  have  enjoyed  a  picnic.  The  famous  tree 
of  the  Huon  forest  measures  70  feet  in  girth 
six  feet  from  the  ground,  and  is  stated  to  be 
240  feet  high,  but'in  the  deep  gorges  of  this 
grand  forest  the  writer  has  seen  higher  trees 
than  this,  though  not  of  quite  equal  circum- 
ference. But  Victoria  now  claims  the  glory 
of  holding  the  biggest  of  all  the  living  "  big 
trees"  in  the  world,  so  far  as  height  is  con- 
cerned. In  the  Dandenong  district  at  Fern- 
shaw  has  recently  been  discovered  a  specimen 
of  Eucalyptus  amygdalina,  or  almond-leaf  gum, 
which  has  been  accurately  measured  as  reach- 
ing  the  enormous    height    of  380    feet  before 

throwing  out  a  single  branch,  and  430  feet  to 
the  top,  and  having  a  girth  of  fid  feet  at  some 
distance  above  the  ground.  Some  idea  of 
what  a  height  of  430  feet  represents  may  he 
gained  from  the  fact  that  this  gum  Inc.  if 
growing  by  the  side  of  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment at  Westminster,  would  overtop  the 
clock  tower  by  exactly  100  feet. — Lumber- 
man, (Minneapolis  i. 

Utilizing  Things. — The  most  hideous  forms 
in  which  the  utilitarian  spirit  of  modern 
Egypt  lias  shown  itself,  in  making  merchan- 
dize of  her  once  honored  dead,  has  been 
in  selling  them  to  merchant  vessels  at  so 
much  pei'  ton  as  a  manure  for  foreign  fields. 


Probably  this  vile  trade  has  now  become 
illegal,  but  till  very  recently  long  strings  of 
camels  were  employed  to  carry  human  bone- 
dust  from  the  tombs  near  Memphis  to  vessels 
in  the  harbor  of  Alexandria.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  these  human  remains  were  brought 
from  the  ancient  sepulchres  and  catacombs 
which  honey-comb  the  rocky  ridge  near 
Alexandria  itself,  and  cargo-boats  were  openly 
employed  in  fetching  this  so-called  brown 
"  guano."  Various  foreigners  visited  the  spot 
while  this  was  going  on,  and  saw  human 
bones,  glass  tear  bottles,  and  earthenware 
lamps  all  shoveled  up  together  with  the  brown 
dust,  which  was  carried  up  the  ship's  sides 
in  baskets,  thrown  down  into  the  hold,  and 
then  conveyed  to  England,  there  to  be  sold 
at  £6  10s.  per  ton,  a  price  which  would  give 
manufacturers  of  manure  a  very  large  profit, 
on  mixing  it  with  the  guano  of  Peru.  So 
vain  have  proved  the  most  successful  efforts 
ever  made  by  human  beings  to  immortalize 
mortal  bodies.  After  all,  it  is  in  the  irrever- 
ence of  selling  this  precious  dust  to  eurich 
foreign  fields  that  the  sting  lies.  We  felt  no 
great  shock  when  we  learned  that  the  very 
same  thing  had  been  done  in  London,  when 
not  very  many  years  ago  it  was  decided  that 
the  vast  cemetery  at  the  back  of  the  National 
Gallery  (wherein  only  two  centuries  ago  all 
the  victims  of  the  great  plague  were  cast 
wholesale)  should  be  dug  up  and  the  rich 
soil  (including  many  bones  still  undecayedj 
should  be  spread  over  Kensington  Garden  to 
fertilize  its  roses  and  lilies. —  The  Contempo- 
rary Review. 

Influence  of  the  Sun's  Spots  on  the  Earth. — 
The  sun's  spots  are  hollows  in  the  glowing 
surface  of  the  sun,  and  indicate  solar  activity. 
When  we  come  to  the  effect  of  this  solar 
activity  upon  the  earth  we  reach  a  cpiestion 
which  is  a  very  favorite  one  for  speculation. 
Of  course  it  is  not  unlikely  that  there  is  much 
connection  between  sun  and  earth.  It  is  also 
extremely  probable  that  electricity  has  some- 
thing to  do  with  these  solar  outbursts,  and 
electricity  can  traverse  the  space  which  sepa- 
rates us  from  them  as  easily  as  gravitation 
and  heat  and  light  do.  There  can  be  but 
little  doubt  that  solar  spots  are  coincident 
with  terrestrial  auroras.  The  agreement, 
both  in  general  and  in  particular,  is  very 
close  and  too  striking  for  accident.  When  a 
large  and  active  spot  has  reached  the  point 
on  the  sun  nearest  to  us  (the  middle  of  his 
disk)  there  is  almost  alwaj'S  an  aurora.  Again, 
there  is  a  coincidence  which  may  be  con- 
sidered to  be  proven  between  sun  spots  and 
magnetic  disturbances  which  interfere  with 
telegraphy.  This  is  also  an  agreement  which 
can  hardly  bo  doubted.  So  that  it  may  be 
taken  as  an  observed  but  not  an  explained 
I'ael,  that  the  earth  docs  respond  to  solar  dis- 
t  urbances.and  that  meteorological  predictions 
based  on  the  condition  of  the  sun  are  not  en- 
tirely worthless. 

Solution  of  a  Mystery. — The  possibility  of  a 
natural  solution  of  apparently  great  mysteries 
was  recently  illustrated  on  an  Erie  Railroad 
train.  Three  separate  times  the  train  was 
brought  to  a  sudden  stop  by  the  pulling  of  a 
cord  connected  with  the  air-brake.  Although 
the  conductor sel  a  watch  on  every  platform, 
and  on  all  the  passengers,  he  did  oof  discover 
the  culprit.  Superstitious  employes  began 
to  assert  that  the  cord  was  pulled  by  some 
supernatural  agency,  ami  everybody  was 
greatly  puzzled.    Finally  the  conductor  broke 


into  a  sealed  express  car,  and  there  found  s 
baby  elephant,  with  a  very  peaceful  anc 
innocent  countenance,  and  its  trunk  actually 
grasping  the  cord  when  he  entered.  Many 
other  mysteries  might  find  equally  satisfac 
tory  solution  if  thorough  investigation  should 
take  the  place  of  unreasoning  credulity. 


THE    FRIEND. 


NINTH  MONTH  1,  1883. 


In  the  remarks  made  in  our  last  issue  upon- 
the  "Address"  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meet- 
ing, we  alluded  to  some  unfavorable  criticisms 
that  had  been  made  on  this  document.  Wi 
desire  to  give  due  place  to  the  objections  that 
have  been  made,  and  consider  them  in  a  fair 
and  candid  spirit. 

Letters  have  been  received  on  this  subject, 
written  by  two  of  the  most  prominent  and 
influential  members  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meet- 
ing. One  of  these  says  :  "  I  have  carefully 
read  the  Address,  and  I  find  in  it  much  that 
is  exceedingly  valuable,  but  I  do  not  findi 
enough  of  that  which  is  calculated  to  reach 
the  hearts  of  the  people,  or  to  extend  the  king- 
dom of  Christ,  as  did  the  Christianity  of  the 
Apostles,  and  of  Fox,  Penn,  and  Barclay,  and 
their  coadjutors, — not  enough  of  the  'Go  ye^ 
into  all  the  world,  and  preach  the  Gospel  to 
every  creature.'  " 

In  reflecting  on  these  remarks,  it  has  seem- 
ed to  us  that  the  writer  did  not  sufficiently 
notice  the  principal  object  of  the  Address  he 
was  criticising,  which  was  to  bear  a  renewed 
testimony  to  the  doctrinal  views  of  early 
Friends.  It  would  have  lessened  the  force  of 
this  testimony  by  diverting  the  attention  of 
the  reader  from  it,  if  much  space  had  been 
occupied  with  exhortations  to  individual  faith- 
fulness to  the  Divine  calls  to  service.  Such 
appeals,  though  very  important  in  their  place, 
were  not  in  the  special  concern  which  led  to 
the  preparation  of  this  paper.  The  "Chris- 
tianity" of  the  Address  is  that  "  of  Fox,  Penn, 
Barclay,  and  their  coadjutors,"  as  the  abuu- 
dant  quotations  from  their  writings  sufficient- 
ly show  ;  and  if  it  is  received  and  lived  up  to, 
it  will  produce  similar  fruits. 

A.  similar  comment  may  be  made  on  an 
article  contributed  to  the  Christian  Worker, 
which  mentioned  as  an  objection,  that  the 
quotations  from  the  writings  of  early  Friends 
were  more  numerous  than  from  the  Scrip- 
tures. The  writer  appears  to  have  overlook- 
ed the  fact,  that  the  object  in  view  was  to 
show  what  the  belief  of  earl}'  Friends  was, 
not  to  prove  the  agreement  of  their  doctrines 
with  Scripture, — a  point  on  which  it  might 
naturally  be  supposed  the  members  of  our 
Society  would  be  agreed. 

Letters  from  the  other  of  the  two  Indiana 
Friends  above  referred  to,  say,  "  With  most 
of  the  Address  I  have  entire  unity — with  all 
so  far  as  it  consists  of  extracts  from  our  early 
Friends'  writings."  "  I  thoroughly  approve  of 
the  caution  to  ministers,  on  p.  27.  It  is  need- 
ed." On  some  points  he  thinks  the  positions 
taken  are  carried  to  an  extreme,  and  Specifies 
the  objections  on  p.  19,  to  persons  "confident- 
ly avowing  their  certainty  of  salvation,"  and 
adds,  '-who  ever  avowed  such  confidence 
more  unhesitatingly  than  our  early  Friends?" 
lie  appears  to  overlook  the  fact  that  the  cau- 
tion on  p.  1!)  is  against  '-a  presumptuous  con- 
fidence" on  the  part  of  those  who  "are  yet  far 


THE    FRIEND. 


31 


from  being  washed  and  sanctified  by  the  bap- 
tizing, cleansing  power  of  the  Spirit," — and 
that  there  is  on  the  same  page  a  statement, 
|that  "The  faithful  follower  of  Christ  is  often 
animated  and  cheered  by  feeling  the  peace  of 
God  which  passeth  all  understanding,  and  by 
a  holy  sense  of  union  and  acceptance  with 
the  Father."  The  caution  extended  on  p.  19, 
is  in  strict  accordance  with  the  extract  from 
William  Penn,  on  p.  5,  with  which  he  states 
that  he  has  "entire  unity."  "Christ  is  none 
of  thy  Saviour,  whilst  thou  rejectest  his  grace 
in  thy  heart,  by  which  He  should  save  thee. 
Come,  what  has  He  saved  thee  from?  Has 
He  saved  thee  from  thy  sinful  lusts?  thy 
worldly  affections  and  vain  conversations? 
If  not,  then  He  is  none  of  thy  Saviour." 

He  further  specifies  :  "  In  reference  to  the 
use  of  the  Bible  in  meetings,  the  statement 
on  p.  24  docs  not  accord  with  the  facts. 
There  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  Bible 
was  carried  by  the  early  ministers  of  Friends, 
and  frequently  used  in  meeting."  The  Ad- 
dress says  nothing  about  carrying  the  Bible, 


'-'  were  the  ground  of  our  being  one,"  the 
prospect  of  much  benefit  from  such  discussion 
is  discouraging.  Such  is  our  feeling  in  ex- 
amining a  copy  of  the  Address  returned  by 
the  select  members  of  a  meeting  in  Indiana, 
to  a  valued  Friend,  who  felt  it  his  duty  to 
distribute  it  among  his  fellow-members.  Their 
marks  of  disapproval  are  attached  to  the  testi- 
monies of  William  Penn,  Edward  Burrough, 
and  Thomas  Stubbs,  to  the  Light  of  Christ 
in  the  conscience  of  man  as  the  way  to  the 
kingdom  [pp.  5  and  7]  ;  and  to  William  Dews- 
hury's  declaration,  that  he  "  came  to  the  true 
knowledge  of  the  Scriptures,  and  the  eternal 
rest  which  they  testify  of  in  Christ,  by  the 
inspiration  of  the  Spirit  of  Jesus,"  [p.  10]. 
They  stigmatize  as  "unitarian,  and  not  evan- 
gelical," the  statement  that  it  is  not  "in  the 
power  of  any  to  place  themselves,  whenever 
they  choose,  in  a  state  of  salvation  and  accept- 
ance with  God,  by  a  profession  of  reliance  on 
the  outward  offering  of  Christ  on  Calvary  ;" 
and  they  object  to  the  passages  from  Robert 
Barclay  and  William  Bayly,  which  teach  this 


In  the  Gospel  Expositor  for  "  August  10th," 
published  a  report  of  the  labors  of  some 
inisters,   (who,  we  suppose,  profess  to   be 


but  simply  refers  to  the  practice  of  reading  it  doctrine  [p.  11].  If  the  marks  they  ha 
in  meetings  for  worship.  We  believe  its  [made  truly  indicate  their  settled  opinions, 
statement  is  entirely  correct,  that  "for  two  they  hold  the  very  system  of  doctrine  against 
centuries  our  meetings  have  been  kept  free  i  which  the  Address  is  mainly  levelled  ;  and, 
from  this  use  of  the  sacred  writings,  except 'as  the  Friend  states  who  forwarded  the  copy 
in  a  very  few  instances."  If  our  friend  werejto  us,  "it  is  not  fair  for  them  to  claim  to  be 
to  undertake  to  collect  together  the  "abun-  followers  of  the  founders  of  our  Society." 
dant  evidence,"  which  he  says  exists  to  the 
contrary,  we  think  he  would  bo  greatly  dis- 
appointed at  the  result.  If  it  had  been  a.  fre- 
quent practice  to  so  use  the  Bible,  why  would 
the  objection  have  been  made  by  an  opponent, 
of  Friends,  that  "a  Bible  is  not  to  be  seen  in 

all  their  meetings  ?"  And  would  not  Robert  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends^,  in  the 
Barclay,  in  replying,  have  simply  denied  the  '"nits  of  Sc,P10  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  Y.  It 
statement,  instead  of  practicallv  admitting  its  states,  -At  -North  street,  on  the  evening  of 
truth,  as  he  does  in  his  reply  :  »  We  meet  nottbe  24th  (of  7th  month),  they  held  a  meeting 
to  read  the  Scripture,  but  to  wait  on  the  Lord  especially  for  children,  in  which  object  lessons 
^whose  worship  is  to  be  performed  in  spirit  wcre  used.  *  *  When  a  call  was  given  for 
and  in  truth,  and  not  in  external  reading?"  ,such  to  rise  as  desired  to  be  remember 

In  regard  to  singing  in  meetings,  our'ln-  prayers,  about  seventeen  children,  and  some 
diana  letter  says:  "The  position  of  the  Ad-.o^er  ones,  responded  ; 
dress  is  contrary  to  that  taken  in  the  New  |  However  useful  "object  lessons  may  be  in 
Testament  and  by  early  Friends.  The  only teaching  the  facts  of  natural  science  they 
and  very  necessary  restriction  upon  it  is,  that  |8ccm  t0  us  8adlZ  out  ,of  P  ace  ln.  a  jdigiora 
it  should  be  with  the  Spirit  and  with  the  lln-  meeting  among  Friends,  whose  principles  lead 
derstanding  also.  Robert  Barclay  distinctly  them  to  reject  all  ceremonies  in  religion,  and 
recognizes  this  position,  and  places  singing  to  rely  for  spiritual  instruction  on  the  unfold- 
with  preaching  and  prayer."  The  Address  inSs  of  Divine  Grace,  which  are  sometimes 
does  not  deny  the  possibility  of  such  a  Ser-!immcdiately  communicated,  and  which  may 
vice  being  rightly  called  for,  but  it  expressesia's^  accompany  the  labors  of  the  anointed 
the  belief  "that  our  Holy  Head,  knovvin 
the  tendency  of  the  human  heart  to  rest  in 
outward    forms,    has    watched    over   us" 


minister  of  the  Gospel 

A  late  paper  furnishes  us  with  an  illustra 


,n  Ition  of  a  further  development  of  this  "  object" 
respect  to   both  reading  the  Scriptures  and  teaching.     It  says: 

singing  in  meetings.     The  discussion  of  this  ,    "  At  a  colored  camp-meeting  near  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  one  of  the  evening  exercises  has 
been  the  '  breaking  of  Gideon's  lamps,'  in  il- 
ivebMnmadeiVmanv  lustration  of  the  Bible  story  of  Gideon  and 
places  to  introduce  into  our  meetings  for  wor-  ^s  band,   who,  when  warred   upon   by   the 
ship  the  practice  of  reading  the  Scriptures  Philistines,  came  upon   them   at   night  from 


subject  on  p.  24-20,   we   think  justifies  the 
conclusion  arrived  at :  "  Therefore  we  regard 


and  singing  hymns,  as  an  evidence  of  depar- 
ture from  the  spiritual  worship,  always  highly 
prized  by  our  Society  ;  and  as  strongly  tend- 
ing to  lead  to  other  changes,  and  to  an  entire 
abandonment  of  our  manner  of  holding  religi- 
ous meetings." 

There  seems  some  mutual  ground  on  which 
to  stand  and  reason  together,  where  persons 
profess  to  believe  the  same  doctrines,  as  is 
the  case  with  those  whose  letters  we  have 
been  receiving.  But  where  those  who  claim 
to  be  members  of  our  Society  reject  the  very 
doctrines   which,    as   Robert    Barclay   says, 


different  directions,  and  broke  their  lamps 
with  a  great  noise,  causing  the  flight  of  their 
enemies.  The  procession  of  negro  Gideonites 
formed  at  headquarters  and  marched  through 
the  audience,  coming  upon  the  enemy  at  three 
different  points,  when  the  breaking  of  the 
lamps  took  place." 

The  "  passion-plays"  of  the  Church  of  Rome 
in  the  middle  ages,  were  an  extreme  form  of 
these  "  object  lessons."  May  we  ever  bear  in 
mind,  that  spiritual  truths  are  to  be  "spiritu- 
ally discerned." 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Plans  have  been  completed  for  the 
new  silver  vault  to  be  built  under  the  cash  room  of  the 
Treasury  Department.  It  will  hold  about  23,000,000 
tandard  dollars. 

A  fearful  tornado  passed  over  a  portion  of  Minnesota 
on  the  evening  of  Sth  mo.  21st.  At  Rochester,  it  is  re- 
ported, 26  persons  were  killed  and  38  injured,  one- 
third  of  the  town  being  demolished.  A  railroad  train 
Inch  left  Rochester  for  Zimbrota,  was  caught  in  the 
tornado  and  completely  wrecked.  Twenty-five  of  the 
passengers  are  said  to  have  been  killed,  and  about  75 
At  Kasson  a  number  of  buildings  were  blown 
down,  and  three  persons  were  killed,  several  others 
being  injured.  Four  persons  were  killed  at  Ashland 
and  one  at  St.  Charles.  Congressman  Dunnell  estimates 
the  loss  at  Rochester  at  $3,000,000._ 

Forest  tires  which  have  been  binning  at  Mount  Desert, 
Maine,  and  causing  considerable  destruction  of  timber, 
are  reported  to  be  at  an  end. 

Five  Chinamen,  recently  imprisoned  in  the  Peniten- 
tiary at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  for  an  assault  upon  one 
of  their  fellow-countrymen  in  Paterson,  threaten  to  sue 
the  State  Prison  Keeper  and  the  Board  of  Inspectors 
for  heavy  damages  for  depriving  them  of  their  queues. 
They  claim  "  that  the  Constitution  declares  that  no  per- 
son shall  be  deprived  of  the  privilege  of  worshipping 
God  according  to  the  dictates  of  his  conscience,  and 
that  the  queue  is  an  element  of  Chinese  religion." 

A  rich  vein  of  lubricating  oil  was  struck,  at  a  depth 
of  30  feet,  fifteen  miles  from  Zanesville,  Ohio,  on  Sixth- 
day,  the  24lh  tilt.     It  is  reported  to  be  Mowing  rapidly. 

A.  B.  Steinmetz,  of  Wichita,  Kansas,  prominent  in 
the  Oklahaina  movement,  has  just  returned  to  Wichita 
from  the  Indian  Territory.  He  says,  "there  are  600 
colonists  scattered  along  its  streams  who  intend  to  stay, 
unless  expelled  by  armed  force.  They  are  anxiously 
awaiting  the  decision  of  the  United  States  Court  in 
Captain  Payne's  suit." 

The  San  Francisco  Grain  Exchange  Committee  has 
issued  a  statement  showing  that  the  wheat  yield  in  the 
various  counties  of  California  this  year  is  53,000,000 
bushels,  an  increase  of  14,000,000  bushels  over  1882. 
The  total  barley  yield  this  year  is  15,000,000  bushels, 
an  increase  over  1882  of  2,500,000  bushels. 

Both  ends  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  were 
finally  connected  on  Fourth-day,  the  22d  alt.,  thirty 
miles  west  of  Mullan  Tunnel.  The  general  opening  of 
the  road  will  take  place  on  the  8th  proximo,  when  the 
golden  spike  will  be  set  by  President  Villard. 

President  Arthur  and  party  arrived  in  the  Upper 
Geyser  Basin  of  the  Yellowstone  Park,  on  the  24th 
ultimo,  and  encamped  there. 

On  Seventh-day,  the  25th  of  Sth  month,  a  bi-centen- 
nial  reunion  of  the  descendants  of  George  Maris  was 
held  in  Springfield,  Delaware  county,  Penna.  The 
place  of  meeting  was  held  on  the  premises  of  a  lineal 
desendant  of  the  same  name.  George  Maris  was  a 
minister  among  the  early  Friends.  About  1500  persons 
were  present,  a  large  proportion  of  whom  belonged  to 
one  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  Society  of 
Friends  divided  in  1827.  The  offspring  of  George 
Maris  number  many  thousands,  who  are  scattered 
among  at  least  twenty  States  and  territories. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  was 
398,  being  20  le^s  than  last  week.  The  number  of  males 
was  192,  females  206,  and  those  under  five  years  of  age, 
199.  The  number  of  deaths  from  consumption  was  55  ; 
from  cholera  infantum  50;  from  marasmus  30;  inflam- 
mation of  stomach  and  bowels  16  ;  diphtheria  21,  and 
typhoid  fever  16. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4i's,  registered,  112.1,  ;  coupon, 
113|;  4's,  119J  ;  3's,  103*;  currency  6's,  128  a  132. 

Cotton  was  dull  at  lOi  a  10$  cts.  for  middling  up- 
lands and  Gulf. 

Pelroleum  was  dull  at  7J  a  7f  cents  for  refined  in 
barrels,  and  9  cts.  for  do.  in  cases. 

Flour  and  Meal. — Desirable  grades  of  all  kinds  of 
flour  were  in  good  demand  and  firm:  5000  barrels  sold 
at  $5.50  a  JO  75  for  Minnesota  extras;  Pennsylvania 
family  at  $5  a  $5.25;  western  do.,  at  $5.62^  a  $6.25, 
and  patents  at  J6.25  a  $7.50.  Rye  flour  was  scarce: 
100  barrels  sold  at  §4. 

Grain. — Wheat  declined  |c,  and  was  fairly  active  on 
speculative  account.  Car  lots  were  J  a  lc.  lower  :  18,000 
bushels  sold  at  $1,154,  a  $1.18.  Corn  was  rather  quiet 
but  steady.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  lower :  10,000  bushels 
sold  at  35  a  45  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  8th  mo. 
25th,  1883— Loads  of  hay,  327  ;  loads  of  straw,  38. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  70 
a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  55  a  70  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  60  a  70  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Foreign. — The  Irish  Registration  bill  was  rejected 


,VJ 


THE    FRIEND. 


in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  afternoon  of  the  21st  tilt. 
by  a  vote  of  52  nays  to  32  yeas.  At  a  conference  of  the 
Irish  members  of  Parliament,  held  8th  mo.  25th,  a 
programme  was  prepared  for  the  convention  of  the 
Irish  National  League,  announced  to  be  held  at  Leeds, 
9th  mo.  27th.  The  programme  demands  self-govern- 
ment for  Ireland  and  direct  representation  of  the 
Irish  laboring  class  in  Parliament.  Earl  Spencer, 
the  Lord  Lieutenant,  speaking  at  Cork  on  the  evening 
of  the  23rd,  said  he  trusted  that  the  days  of  bitter- 
ness, crime  and  agitation  in  Ireland  were  pa9t,  and 
that  the  country  could  look  forward  to  practicable 
measures  in  politics  and  prosperity  in  the  land.  Parlia- 
ment was  prorogued  at  2  o'clock,  P.  M.,  on  the  25th  inst. 

The  deaths  from  cholerain  Egyptcontinueto  diminish 
rapidly. 

Melbourne,  8th  mo.  23rd. — Ten  colonies  have  ac- 
cepted an  invitation  to  attend  a  Conference  to  be  held 
here  shortly  for  tbe  purpose  of  discussing  the  question 
of  the  annexation  of  New  Guinea  and  other  islands  of 
the  Pacific. 

Rear  Admiral  Galiber,  the  successor  of  Admiral 
Pierre,  in  the  command  of  the  French  fleet  in  Mada- 
gascar waters,  will  meet  Admiral  Pierre  at  Reunion. 
He  will  afterward  go  to  Tamatave  and  open  negotia- 
tions with  the  Hovas.  He  will  insist  upon  a  French 
protectorate  over  Northwest  Madagascar,  the  abolition 
of  the  law  relating  to  tenure  of  land  by  Europeans,  and 
the  payment  to  the  French  of  1,000,000  francs  in- 
demnity. The  latter  demand  may  be  waived,  bow- 
ever,  if  the  otbers  are  complied  with.  An  article  in 
the  North  German  Gazelle,  referring  to  attacks  of  French 


jon 


rnals  on  Germar 


declaring  that  France  alone 


threatens  the  peace  of  Europe,  has  startled  Paris, 
alarmed  Europe,  and  caused  prices  on  the  Bourses  of 
Paris,  Vienna  and  Berlin  to  fall.  Tbe  press  every- 
where express  surprise  at  the  Gazette's  attack  on  France 
and  wonder  what  its  object  it.  The  French  papers  re- 
pel the  charges  contained  in  the  article.  The  Austrian 
press  asks  if  the  article  means  war.  The  English  jour- 
nals think  that  the  warning  was  overdone  and  that  the 
cause  for  it  was  insufficient.  It  would  not  be  wise,  they 
say,  to  attach  too  much  significance  to  the  article.  The 
Times  says  the  release  of  Shaw,  the  British  missionary 
in  Madagascar  who  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  French, 
settles  the  Tamatave  difficulty,  which  never  should 
have  arisen.  The  Times  says  that  France  is  really 
athirst  for  peace,  and  that  the  article  in  the  North 
German  Gazette  attacking  her  was,  therefore,  a  wanton 
aggression. 

Frohsdorf,  8th  mo.  24th.  The  Count  de  Chambord 
died  at  7.15  o'clock  this  morning.  He  remained  con- 
scious to  within  a  moment  of  his  death. 

On  the  26th  the  Councils  of  Ministers  discussed  the 
adoption  of  measures  against  the  Orleanists.  The 
Council  decided  to  take  no  action,  unless  measures  are 
rendered  necessary  by  events  with  which  Orleanist 
Princes  are  connected. 

A  telegram  has  been  received  by  the  French  Ministry 
of  Marine  from  Saigon,  dated  the  25th,  announcing 
that  the  French  have  bombarded  and  captured  the 
forts  and  batteries  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hue  river,  after 
a  land  attack.  The  operations  occurred  on  8th  mo. 
]8th,  19th  and  20th.  Seven  hundred  Annamites  were 
killed  during  the  engagement.  The  only  casualties 
suffered  by  the  French  were  several  slightly  wounded. 

The  Temps  has  a  telegram  from  Cochin  China  stating 
that  the  Emperor  of  Annam  received  Harmond  on  the 
23rd  inst.  The  Emperor  showed  complete  submission. 
Annam  is  compelled  by  treaty  to  pay  the  costs  of  the 
war,  the  French  to  retain  the  forts  on  the  Hue  river 
pending  payment.  The  Annamite  troops  in  Tonquin 
are  to  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  Gen.  Bouet,  the 
French  commander.  A  prompt  settlement  of  the  ques- 
tion at  issue  is  expected. 

The  Hungarian  wheat  crop  is  estimated  at  a  full 
average,  and  the  Austrian  crops  at  15  per  cent,  below 
the  average. 

The  statistics  of  Italian  trade  for  the  first  six  months 
of  the  current  year  give  the  value  of  the  imports  as 
$113,800,000,  or  *  10,000,000  more  than  in  the  corres- 
ponding period  last  year.  The  exports  are  valued  at 
$121,400,000.  and  show  an  increase  of  $8,680,000. 
The  wine  exports  alone  Bhow  an  increase  of  $4,200,000, 

Mount  Vesuvius  is  In  a  slate  of  remarkable  activity. 
The  continuous  trembling  of  the  soil  has  resulted  in 
considerable  injury  to  buildings  and  to  the  railway 
running  up  the  mountain. 

Brigands  have  captured  the  (lovernor  and  several 
Councillors  of  Florain,  near  Salonica.  They  demand 
£20,(100  for  the  ransom  of  the  captives. 

Advices  from  Ekatcrinoslav,  the  scene  of  the  recent 
riots  against  the  Jews,  say  that  346  bouses  were  wrecked 
and  plundered  during  the   progress  of  the  riots,   and 


that  the  losses  sustained  by  Jews  is  estimated  at  611,- 
000  rubles. 

Lima,  8th  mo.  21st.— El  Pueblo  slates  that  tbe  Chilian 
army  will  probably  evacuate  Lima  on  9th  mo.  15th, 
and  concentrate  in  Callao,  Tacna  or  Pisco.  Yglesias 
has  troops  ready  to  proclaim   his  government. 

Advices  from  Mexico  report  an  earthquake  at  Pat- 
ch uca,  which  levelled  30  houses  and  caused  a  loss  of. 
20  lives ;  also  a  shower  of  "  thousands  of  fish"  at  Mon- 1 
temorelas. 


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Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  not 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 


WE3TTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice  the  Stage  will  be  at  Westtown 


Station  on  the 
from  Philadelph 


ival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  M.  trains 
i,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


MOORESTOWN  ACADEMY, 


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George  McNichols,  Agent,  lo.,  for  Joseph  Cook,  Si  10,   will  re-open  9th  mo.  3rd,  1883. 


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Jonathan  Binns,  Lindley  Hall,  Gilbert  McGrew, 
Richard  Ashton,  Elisha  B.  Steer,  Israel  Steer,  Lindlev 

B.  Steer,  Nathan  Steer,  Jonathan  Fawcett,  Joseph  P. 
Luplon,  Israel  Sidwell  and  Lindley  M.  B.-ackin,  $2 
each,  vol.  57,  and  for  Joseph  Russell,  $2,  to  No.  20, 
vol.  57  ;  from  N.  Newlin  Stokes,  M.  D.,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol. 
57;  for  Martha  C.  Hoge,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Wilmer 
P.  Leeds,  N.  J.,  #2,  vol.  57;  from  Isaac  Hall  and 
Henry  Hall,  Pa..  *2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Joseph  H. 
Roberts,  of  Easton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Nathan 
S.  Roberts,  Camden,  N.  .1..  |2,   vol.   57;    from    Hannah 

C.  Wills,  N.J.,  §2,  Vol.  57  J  from  Joseph  Howell,  ( Jtn., 
$2.10,  vol.  <><) ;  t nun  ( imi  gr  S.  ( iarrctt,  Pn.,  1^2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Jim.  M. Saunders,  N.  J .,$2,  vol.  57;  from  Hannah 
E.  Smedlev,  Citv,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Charles  Stokes, 
Agent,  N.  J.,  for  M.S.  and  E.  P.  Allen,  Richard  Haines 
and  Stacy  F.  Haines,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  David 
He-ton,  Fkfd.,  J  2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Charles  B.  Ileston, 


$2, 


W. 


FRIENDS'   SELECT  SCHOOLS. 

These  schools,  under  the  care  of  the  three  Monthly 
Meetingsof  Friends  in  this  city,  will  re-open  on  Second- 
day,  Ninth  mo.  17th,  1S83. 

A  limited  number  of  children  will  now  be  admitted 
who  are  not  members  of  our  religious  Society,  whose    | 
parents  may  desire  to  have  them  educated  free  from  the    ; 
unnecessary  but  fashionable  accomplishments,  too  com-    t 
mon  in  many  schools  at  this  day. 

The  attention  of  Friends  residing  in  the  city  and  its 
neighborhood  is  invited  to  them.  The  terms  are  moder- 
ate; and  Friends  belonging  to  Philadelphia  Y'early 
Meeting,  sending  children  to  these  schools,  (also  mem- 
bers), who  may  find  the  charges  burdensome,  can  be 
fully  relieved. 

The  principal  schools  will  open  for  the  next  term 
under  the  care  of  John  H.  Dillingham  and  Mary  W. 
Woolman,  as  Principals,  both  experienced  teachers  of 
many  years'  experience.  Facilities  for  illustration  are 
afforded  by  a  valuable  collection  of  philosophical  and 
chemical  apparatus,  minerals,  and  Auzoux's  models  of 
parts  of  the  human  system,  &c. 

The  primary  Schools  on  Cherry  St.,  and  at  Sixth  and 
Noble  St*.,  will  be  continued. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  upon  applica- 
tion to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Committee. 

Jxo.  W.  Biddle,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St. 

NOTICE  TO  TEACHERS,  PARENTS  AND 
OTHERS. 

The  Yearlv  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends  Rook  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St., 
Philadelphia,  where  applications  from  teachers  wish- 
ing situations,  am!  committees  who  desire  to  employ 
teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 

Please  give  address,  and  full  particulars. 

Ellistox  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 


in  the  30th  of  1st  month,  1SS3,  near  Medlord, 
•,  William   10.  Hunks,  a  member  of  Upper 

Monthly  and  Particular  Meeting.  Heliorea 
suffering  illness  with  patience  and  resigna- 
his  friends  have  the  comforting  hope  that  his 


Is,    Newbv  Hods 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  NINTH  MONTH 


NO.    5. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

ubscriplions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


For  "The    Friend." 

jetters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  =6.) 

To  M.  M.  S. 

"Stli  mo.  23d,  1842. 
My  dear  friend  and  sister.  *  *  *  I  can- 
not say  much,  but  my  sympathies  are  often 
ivilh  thee,  and  fervent  are  my  desires  that 
^by  faith  may  not  fail  in  the  Shepherd  of 
[srael,  who  sleepeth  not  by  day  nor  slum 
th  by  night ;  but  that  thou  mayest  be  en- 
gaged to  keep  hold  of  Him,  and  know  a  true 
piding  in  the  Vine  of  life.  *  *  *  O!  this 
the  precious  and  heavenly  condition  in 
which  we  are  qualified  to  bring  forth  fruit  to 
ais  praise;  and  wherein  alone  we  are  made 
partakers  ol  the  sap  and  living  virtue,  which 
Bows  from  Him  to  the  branches.  It  is  by 
ng  stripped  of  our  own  comeliness,  of  our 
n  righteousness  which  is  as  filthy  rags, 
I  being  clothed  upon  with  the  garment  of 
Jurist's  righteousness,  that  we  are  fitted  to 
itand  in  the  presence  of  the  King  of  kings,  or 
o  partake  of  the  supper  of  the  Lamb.  Oh, 
his  nakedness;  what  desperate  work  it  is  to 
aave  brought  about  in  some  of  us  !  How 
nave  we  to  relinquish  every  thing  on  which 
sve  have  looked  with  some  degree  of  com- 
placency, and  to  see  that  we  are  less  than 
nothing  and  vanity  in  His  sight,  whose  eyes 
ire  as  a  flame  of  fire.  *  *  *  How  is  every 
thought  to  be  brought  into  judgment,  with 
3very  secret  thing!  *  *  *  May  we  be 
Ming  to  abide  the  day  of  his  coming!  that 
Jay  which  we  knew  in  early  life,  but  which 
for  want  of  dedication  and  diligence  was  not 
suffered  to  have  its  perfect  work  in  us.  It  is 
now  mercifully  renewed  ;  and  my  heart  craves 
that  we  may  no  longer  be  forgetful  hearers, 
or  fleshly-wise  comprehenders  of  his  work 
and  words;  but,  on  the  contrary,  submissive, 
patient  disciples  of  the  lowly,  crucified  Re- 
"eemer. 

O,  my  sister,  we  have  need  to  give  diligence 
to  make  our  calling  and  election  sure;  to 
yield  ourselves  the  servants  of  obedience  unto 
righteousness;  and  seek  in  the  few  fleeting 
moments  allotted  us,  to  fulfil  that  portion  of 
service  and  duty  appointed  us  ;  that  when  the 


calling  of  God  in  Christ  Jesus.  We  are  not 
here  to  fulfil  a  part  of  our  duty,  but  the  ichole : 
and  it  behoves  us  to  see  that  our  day's  work 
keeps  pace  with  the  day.  How  has  ours  been 
neglected!  and  what  need  is  there  for  diligence 
that  we  may,  in  some  measure,  retrieve  the 
time  that  is  past;  that  so.  even  if  it  may  be 
but  as  the  eleventh  hour  of  the  day,  we  may 
in  unspeakable  mercy  win  the  crown  at  last. 
Accept  the  salutation  of  love  from  thy  poor 
brother,  W.  S." 

From  S.  Hill  man. 

"Philadelphia,  9th  mo.  2.1,  1842. 
My  Dear  Friend, — Since  thy  last  visit,  again 
anil  again  has  my  spirit  bended  toward  thee 
enewed  sympathy  and  affection  :  yea,  in 
that  fellowship  which  lives  through  death; 
nd  earnestly  do  I  desire,  whatever  be  the 
trials  and  probations  permitted  or  appointed 
in  our  passage  through  this  wilderness,  and 
land  of  droughts,  of  deserts,  and  of  pits,  or 
however  oft  we  may  be  put  as  into  'the  fur- 
nace heated  seven  times  hotter  than  it  was 
wont  to  be  heated,'  we  may  hold  on  to  the 
little  grain  of  living  faith  which  has  in  mercy 
been  granted,  and  is  from  time  to  time  re- 
newed ;  '  that  nothing  may  be  able  to  separate 
us  from  the  love  of  God.  which  is  in  Christ 
Jesus  our  Lord.'  *  *  *  Ah  !  my  dear  friend, 
we  have  realized  His  almighty  power,  to  still 
the  mighty  raging  waves,  to  quench  the  fiery 
darts  of  the  wicked  one,  and  to  cause  the 
heart  that  was  almost  shrouded  in  despair,  to 
sing  to  the  springing  up  of  the  well  of  life. 
Then  why  should  we  so  often  be  ready  to 
give  over  the  hope,  that  we  shall  one  '\-ay  be 
made  victorious  ;  yea,  '  more  than  conquerors 
through  Him  who  hath  loved  us,  and  given 
himself  for  us.'  'His  arm  is  not  shortened 
that  He  cannot  save,  neither  his  ear  grown 
heavy  that  He  cannot  hear;'  '  hut  with  right- 
eousness shall  He  judge  the  poor,  and  reprove 
with  equity7  for  the  meek  of  the  earth.'  And 
I  believe  He  will  arise  when  his  set  time  is 
come,  and  not  only  plead  the  cause  of  his  op- 
pressed people,  but  will  set  them  in  safety 
from  him  that  puffeth  at  them,  and  from  all 
their  enemies  :  so  that  the  truth  of  the  declara- 
tion will  be  seen,  and  the  enquiry  go  forth, 
•How  should  one  chase  a  thousand,  and  two 
put  ten  thousand  to  flight  except  their  Rock 
had  sold  them,  and  the  Lord  had  shut  them 
up?'  Ah  !  it  is  a  fearful  thing  to  be  crushing 
the  prophets,  and  despising  the  word  through 
them  ;  as  it  is  a  fearful  thing  to  be  daring  to 
say,  '  the  Lord  saith  it,  albeit  He  hath  not 
spoken  !'  and  when  He  riseth  up  to  plead 
whose  right  it  is,  who  can  withstand  Him? 
No  fig-leaf  covering  will  hide  then  ;  neither 
can  any  of  us  flee.  He  can  no  more  be  cheated, 
solemn  enquiry  is  made,  'What  hast  thou  than  He  will  be  mocked.  Naked  and  bare 
done  with  thy  Lord's  money?'  we  may  be  must  we  appear  before  Him  ;  and  every  cover- 
able  to  say,  Thy  talent  hath  gained  other  ing  which  is  not  of  his  Spirit  will  be  stripped 
talents.  We  must  endeavor  to  leave  the  off.  What  will  it  signify-  then  to  say,  'We 
things  that  are  behind,  and  to  press  forward  have  eaten  and  drunk  in  thy  presence,  and 
toward  the  mark  for  the  prize  of  our  high 'thou  hast  taught  in  our  streets,'  if  the  heart 


is  not  right  with  Him,  or  if  any  idols  have 
taken  the  place  of  which  He  as  the  great 
Shepherd,  Prophet,  Priest,  and  King,  ought 
to  have  the  entire  rule,  to  reign  and  to  govern  ? 
Oh  !  it  seems  to  me  the  day  is  at  hand,  when 
there  will  be  a  great  shaking  in  the  midst  of 
the  land  ;  and  if  there  be  but  a  few  berries 
left,  a  few  gleaning  grapes,  two  or  three  as 
on  the  outmost  fruitful  branches,  there  will, 
I  am  persuaded,  be  a  gathering  to  these;  there 
will  be  a  gathering  to  Shiloh,  for  unto  Him, 
and  not  any  other,  shall  the  gathering  of  the 
people  be.  I  long  for  myself  and  for  us  all 
that  profess  the  name  of  Christ ;  more  especi- 
ally we  who  sometimes  are  engaged  and  con- 
strained by  the  renewings  of  his  grace,  the 
fresh  bubblings-up  of  the  well-spring  of  salva- 
tion, t<>  speak  a  word  in  His  name  ; — I  long 
for  our  preservation  on  the  immovable  founda- 
tion, Jesus  Christ  the  righteous,  that  neither 
divination  nor  enchantment  may  prevail 
against  us;  so  that  in  the  awful  day,  when 
inquisition  shall  be  made,  we  may  be  found 
clear  of  the  blood  of  all  men.  Oh  !  how  awful 
will  it  be  to  have  deceived  any!  to  have 
preached  any  other  way  or  truth,  than  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus  our  Holy  Head!  to  havo 
been  gathering  the  people  to  ourselves,  or 
setting  up  forms  for  substance!  or  bringing 
men's  persons  into  admiration  because  of  ad- 
vantage? *  *  *  The  apostle  Paul,  who  knew 
the  terrors  of  the  Lord  (and  through  unutter- 
able mercy,  He  has  visited  our  souls  and  mado 
us  feel  bis  terrors  for  sin  |  said  :  '  Woe  is  unto 
me,  if  I  preach  not  the  gospel  !'  And  it  is 
truly,  no  less,  woe  to  us  it  we  preach  not  the 
gospel.  Oh  then  let  us,  my  beloved  friend, 
cleave  close  to  the  Light,  and  walk  closely 
with  our  dear  Master,  not  fearing  the  fears  of 
the  heathen,  but  keeping  our  eye  single  to 
Him  ;  wherein  we  shall  find  that  He  still 
•  keeps  that  man  in  perfect  peace,  wThose  mind 
is  stayed  on  Him,  because  he  trusteth  in 
Him.' 

Thy  attached  and  affectionate  sympathiz- 
ing sister  and  companion  in  the  tribulations 
of  the  gospel,  S.  Hillman." 


For  "  The  Friend.' 


Among  the 

This  is  the  title  of  a  book  written  by  James 
Gilmour,  an  English,  or  Scotch,  missionary, 
who  spent  some  time  among  the  Mongol 
tribes  who  inhabit  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
plateau  of  Central  Asia,  lying  between  Siberia 
on  the  north  and  China  on  the  south.  He 
says  of  them  : 

"  It  is  not  a  missionary's  report  nor  a  travel- 
ler's diary,  nor  a  student's  compilation,  but 
has  for  its  source  things  seen,  heard,  and  ex- 
perienced by  me  while  travelling  with  natives 
through  the  desert,  sharing  with  them  the 
hospitality  of  the  wayside  tent,  taking  my 
turn  in  the  night-watch  against  thieves,  rest- 
ing in  the  comparative  comfort  of  the  porta- 
ble cloth   travelling  tent,  or  dwelling  as  a 


:;i 


THE    FRIEND. 


lodger  in  tbeir  more  permanent  abodes  of 
trellis-work  and  felt,  while  engaged  first  of 
all.  in  learning  the  language  and  acquainting 
myself  with  the  country,  and  afterwards  in 
the  prosecution  of  my  missionary  duties." 

As  his  acquaintance  and  travels  with  these 
people  continued  for  a  number  of  years,  he 
had  unusual  opportunities  of  knowing  inti- 
mately their  manner  of  life  and  their  habits 
of  thought. 

One  of  the  first  requisites  to  success  in  his 
labors,  was  a  knowledge  of  the  Mongolian 
language.  After  spending  some  time  in  study, 
with  but  little  perceptible  progress,  be  made 
an  agreement,  with  a  lama,  or  priest,  to  re- 
ceive him  into  his  tent,  and  board,  lodge  and 
teach  him.  The  tent  was  seldom  without 
conversation  going  on  in  it  between  two  or 
three  Mongols.  This,  be  remarks,  "  was  ex- 
actly what  I  wanted,  and  I  used  to  sit,  pencil 
and  note-book  in  hand,  and  take  down  such 
words  and  phrases  as  I  could  catch.  Excla- 
mations and  salutations  made  by  and  to  per- 
sons entering  and  leaving  the  tent ;  remarks 
made  about  and  to  neighbors  and  visitors; 
directions  given  to  servants  about  herding, 
cooking,  and  mending  the  fire,  were  caught 
in  their  native  freshness  and  purity  and  trans 


This  meal-tea  in  the  morning,  and  again  at 
noon,  was  the  only  food  partaken  of  by  the 
Mongols  till  sunset,  and  the  only  exception  I 
had  them  make  in  my  favor,  was  to  secure 
for  myself  a  cupful  of  the  flour  when  it  had 
reached  the  stage  in  which  it  resembled  por- 
ridge." 

"About  sunset  the  servant,  glancing  up  to 
the  hole  in  the  roof  as  to  a  clock,  would  say, 
'Shall  I  make  dinner?'  The  lama,  nothing 
loth,  would  say, '  Make  it.'  The  servant  need- 
ed no  urging,  and  I  as  guest  looked  on  with 
interest.  Outside  the  tent  was  a  strong  dog- 
proof  kind  of  cage,  into  which  bad  been  put 
the  whole  winter's  stock  of  beef,  mutton,  and 
tripe.  There  it  needed  no  salting.  The  frost 
kept  it  perfectly  fresh,  and  so  hard  that  the 
portions  used  for  each  meal  had  to  be  hewn 
off  with  a  hatchet.  Enough  to  serve  the 
wants  of  the  lama  and  myself  was  hewn  off 
and  boiled,  then  fished  out  with  the  fire-tongs 
and  put  into  a  basin  or  on  a  board.  My  host 
and  myself  appropriated  pieces,  which  we  ate 
by  the  help  of  a  knife  only,  in  true  Mongol 
style. 

While  we  were  thus  having  our  first  course, 
some  millet  was  thrown  into  the  pot  in  which 
the  meat  had  been  boiled,  in  a  short  time  was 


The  ice  is  usually  brought  from  some  lakci 
where  the  water  is  clean.  '-One  of  the  prettj 
sights  to  be  seen  in  the  court-yards  of  Chinese  J 
places  of  business  in  Kiachta,  is  the  great 
square  stacks  of  clear,  transparent,  crystal 
looking  ice,  piled  up  in  the  shade  of  some  wall ; 
and  forming  the  water  supply  of  the  firm  dur-j 
ing  winter." 

"  The  Mongols  al  ways  protect  themselves  by' 
wearing  skin  robes.  Even  in  my  noon-day, 
walks  i  would  return  to  the  tent  with  beardi 
and  moustache  a  mass  of  icicles,  formed  byj 
the  congealed  moisture  of  the  breath.  The. 
nights  were  of  course  much  colder,  but  ■ 
their  great  sheep-skin  robes  and  shaggy  goat- 
skin overcoats,  the  Mongols  seemed  to  standj 
it  well,  and  might  be  heard  singing  cheerily: 
in  the  night,  as  the  long  strings  of  tea-laden 
camels  defiled  past  our  tents,  crunching  the 
frozen  snow  under  their  broad  feet." 

(To  be  continued.) 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

TURNING    TO    GOD. 

Our  Saviour  said  there  is  more  J03-  in  heaven 
over  one  sinner  that  repenteth  than  over 
ninety  and  nine  just  persons  who  need  no  re- 
pentance. No  wonder  then  that  the  accounts 
of  the  conversion  of  sinners,  and  of  the  vari- 
ous means  used  by  Divine  Grace  to  arresti 
their  attention  and  turn  them  from  darkness 
to  light,  should  be  of  ever-fresh  interest  to 
the  lovers  of  the  Lord  Jesus.  A  few  of  these 
narratives  are  here  grouped  together. 

The  Episcopal  Recorder  relates  the  case  of 
a  young  man  at  a  college,  where  a  deep  in- 
terest in  religion  had  been  awakened  among 
the  students.     He  had  left  the  breakfast-hall, 


ferred  to  1113'  note-book.  In  the  quiet  inter- '  pronounced  cooked,  and  formed  our  second 
vals  of  the  day  or  evening,  I  would  con  over 'course.'  The  meat  was  frequently  tough  and 
again  and  again  what  I  had  caught,  difficult  to  manage,  but  this  second  course  of 

Learning  the  language  in  this  way,  I  soon,  millet  boiled  in  soup  and  served  up  rather 
could  speak  a  good  deal  more  than  I  could  ^hin,  was  always  grateful,  and  I  have  seldom 
understand  or  1113'  teacher  could  explain  to  before  or  since  tasted  any  preparation  of 
me.  Though  I  could  not  parse  the  phrases, 'civilized  cookery  that  proved  so  delicious 
nor  even  separate  out  the  words  of  which  ,  The  excellence  of  this  soup  consisted,  I  sup- 
they  were  composed,  much  less  understand  pose,  not  so  much  in  itself  as  in  its  surround 
the  meaning  of  what  I  said,  I  knew  when  and  ings." 

how  to  use  them,  and  could  hardly  help  hav-  Most  Mongols  retire  to  rest  immediate!} 
ing  the  accent  correct,  and  could  not  avoid  after  the  evening  meal.  "The  last  act  of  the  and  stood  upon  the  steps  of  the  building,  gaz- 
learning  first  those  words  and  phrases  which  'day  was  to  close  the  tent,  make  fast  the  door,  ;ing  thoughtfully  on  the  scene  before  him.  It 
were  in  most  common  use.  Thus,  with  only  and  pour  upon  the  fire  a  large  jar  of  charcoal,  j  was  earl}'  in  summer;  the  college  grounds 
a  fraction  of  the  labor  I  had  spent  over  books,  'which  had  been  saved  from  the  embers  dur-  were  covered  with  their  richest  verdure,  and 
I  soon  began  to  feel  that  I  was  making  good  ing  the  da}*.  In  a  few  minutes  there  was  a  the  leafy  tresses  of  the  overshadowing  elms 
progress."  splendid  glow,  and  for  the  only  time  perhaps  j  hung  motionless  in   the    balm}-  atmosphere. 

The  mode  of  life  in  the  tent  is  thus  de-  in  the  twenty-four  hours,  the  atmosphere  of  One  by  one  the  students  were  passing  to  their 
scribed  :  "At  dawn  the  serving  lama  rose  the  tent  was  really  hot.  Every  one  used  to 
and  lit  the  fire.  As  soon  as  the  flame  blazed  lie  and  look  at  it  with  a  glow  of  satisfaction, 
up,  slow  streams  of  white  mist  became  visi-  and  gradually  drop  off  to  sleep.  In  a  room 
ble,  converging  towards  the  fire,  from  holes 'such  a  proceeding  would  have  been  danger- 
and  seams  in  the  felt  sides  of  the  tent.  The|ous,  but  in  our  tent  danger  there  was  none. 
Mongols  called  this  the  'steam  of  the  cold.'jEven  after  every  exertion  to  stop  draughts 
It  is  visible  only  in  the  intense  cold  of  the  and  close  up  holes,  there  was  more  than  suffi- 
depth  of  winter.  Then  the  servant  put  the  cient  ventilation  to  have  frustrated  a  much 
pot  on  the  fire  and  placed  in  it  a  block  of  ice  more  determined  attempt  to  produce  asphyxia. 
or  a  pyramid  of  snow.  When  this  had  melt-  Argol,  the  dried  dung  of  animals,  is  the  coin- 
ed, the  scum  and  sediment  were  removed,  mon  fuel  of  Mongolia  In  our  tent  wood  was 
and  the  water  thus  purified  put  on  to  boil,  a  used  exclusively,  because  we  were  near  a  for- 
handful  of  pounded  brick  tea  being  thrown  lest,  and  my  teacher,  having  men  and  horses 
on  the  surface.  After  ten  or  fifteen  minutes'  at  command,  could  have  the  wood  carted 
hard  boiling,  kept  in  check  by  occasional  use  more  easily  than  he  could  have  had  the  argol 


of  the  ladle,  the  tea  was  poured  into  a  pail, 
the  pot  swept  out  with  the  wisp  of  the  hairs 
of  a  horse's  tail,  a  little  fat  melted  in  the  pot, 
the  cracklings  carefully  removed,  enough 
meal  added  to  make  the  compound  into  a 
porridge,  alter  a  time  more  meal  added,  and 
well  stirred,  till  the  mass  seemed  brown  and 
dryish,  then  the  tea,  cleared  from  the  sedi- 
ment, poured  in  and  boiled  up,  and  the  'meal- 
tea'  was  pronounced  ready.  This  rather  elabo- 
rate process  of  adding  fat  and  meal  was  gone 
through  to  supply  the  lack  of  milk.  'The 
lama  had  no  cows  with  him,  and  1  think  that 
during  the  whole  of  that  winter,  I  saw  milk 
in  his  lent  only  once,  when  some  one  present- 
ed him  with  a  frozen  piece  of  it,  looking 
very  much  like  a  small  cheese. 


gathered.  Wood  is  in  some  respects  nicer  to 
use  as  fuel,  but  it  has  one  disadvantage — it 
gives  oil'  little  explosions,  which  drive  sparks 
on  to  the  clothes  of  those  sitting  around,  and 
even  sometimes  sets  fire  to  the  roof  of  the 
tent. 

One  night,  when  a  stranger  lama,  who  was 
our  guest,  was  talking  with  me  about  Chris- 
tianity, I  had  occasion  to  point  upwards,  and 
in  a  moment  the  whole  tent  was  in  an  uproar. 
following  tin'  direction  indicated  by  my  hand, 
they  had  looked  up  and  seen  that  a  spark  had 
ignited  the  roof,  and  spreading  over  the  soot- 
covered  felt,  bad  made  a  glowing  patch  as 
large  as  a  man's  band." 

The  water  used  in  the  lent  throughout  the 
winter  was  procured  by  melting  ice  or  snow. 


ooms,  exchanging  with  each  other  here  and 
there  a  morning  greeting,  but  mostly  silent, 
as  if  feeling  the  awe  of  an  invisible  Presence 
resting  upon  all  hearts. 

The  person  spoken  of  was  struck  with  this 
peculiar  aspect  of  stillness  and  solemnity. 
For  several  weeks  the  Spirit  of  God  had  been 
working  there.  Many  were  deeply  impressed  ; 
some  seeking  to  resist  their  convictions  by 
affected  levit}-,  others  borne  down  by  them 
as  by  an  insupportable  burden. 

Young  S had    been  trained  by  pious 

parents,  and  was  irreproachable  in  principles 
and  habits.  But  he  was  not  a  Christian.  The 
visible  solemnity  which  rested  upon  the  col- 
lege excited  his  attention,  and  pressed  thai 
fact  with  unwonted  force  upon  his  heard 
The  thought  of  the  venerated  father  and 
saintly  mother,  who,  he  knew,  prayed  for  him 
daily  with  unutterable  desire,  rushed  as  never 
before  upon  his  mind.  Suddenly  the  inquiry 
sprung  up  within  him.  "  Why  should  I  not  bo 
a  Christian,  too?  Often  have  I  promised 
myself  that  1  would  attend  to  this  subject. 
Is'  not  this  the  time  ?      Why  nol   now?'' 

lie  descended  the  steps  of  the  lu'cakl'ast- 
hall,  and  slowly  sauntered  to  his  room.  The 
inquiry  rung  in  his  ear.  Why  nol?  He  en- 
tered 'his  room,  and  seated  himself  for  stud}-. 
Hut  he  hesitated.  A  silent  voice  within  dis- 
quieted him  :  the  thought  of  God,  of  eternity, 
of  his  own  guilt  and  need  ot  salvation,  pressed 


THE    FRIEND. 


'06871 


35 


upon  him  with  unwonted  force,  and  urged  him 
to  defer  the  momentous  decision  no  longer. 

"What,7'  thought  he  at  length,  "is  it  to  be 
a  Christian  ?     How  shall  1  begin  .->" 

"To  be  a  Christian,"  he  said,  "is  to  love 
God,  and  to  live  to  please  Him.  This  I  know 
I  have  not  done.  I  have  been  a  diligent  stu- 
dent, but  it  was  because  I  was  interested  in 
my  studies,  and  was  ambitious  to  excel.  I 
have  come  to  college  in  hope  of  fitting  myself 
for  distinction  in  life.  Alas!  I  have  not 
thought  of  God  in  all  this  ;  I  have  not  cared 
to  please  Him  ;  I  have  not  asked  his  will. 
This  was  all  wrong.     Of  course,  therefore,  if 


Edwin  before  this  had  sat  silentand  thought- 
ful, but  now  he  aroused  himself,  and  gravely 
replied,  "Yes,  let  us  pray,  for  we  all  need  help 
from  above,"  and  to  the  surprise  of  the  others 
he  kneeled  and  poured  out  his  soul  to  God. 

When  he  began  Mary  was  more  angry  than 
ever  before  in  her  life,  but  when  he  prayed 
for  her,  that  "  God  would  forgive  her  for  sport- 
ing with  religious  things,  and  bring  her  to 
himself,"  she  began  to  feel  alarmed,  and  when 
the  prayer  was  concluded  she  was  shedding 
tears  which  she  vainly  strove  to  hide. 

She  hastened  to  her  room  with  feelings  far 
different  from  those  when  she  left  it.     Her 


I  would  be  a  Christian,  I  must  entirely  change  sins  rose  up  to  condemn  her,  and  she  spent 
my  life  in  this  respect.  I  must  begin  to  act  j  the  night  in  great  agony  of  mind.  The  con- 
as  God  wauld  have  me  ;  1  must  begin  by  doing  viction  of  her  sinfulness,  thus  remarkably 
the  first  thing  I  have  to  do.  to  please  Him.  This  fastened  upon  her  mind,  worked  its  proper 
lesson,"  laying  his  hand  on  his  book,  "  is  to  be  effect  in  leading  her  to  repentance  and  amend- 
learned  from  regard  to  Him;  this  day,  in  all  ment  of  life;  and  her  fervent  petitions  to  the 
its  duties  and  occupations,  is  to  be  given  tolLord  for  mercy  were,  in  due  time,  answered 
his  service;  my  college  training  is  to  be  made!  by  a  sense  of  forgiveness  of  the  sins  that  were 
preparatory  to  a  life  devoted   to   his  glory,  past. 


This  narrative  reminds  the  writer  of  the 
relation  of  her  own  experience  given  to  him 
some  years  ago  by  an  elderly  woman,  a  mem- 
ber among  the  German  Baptists,  who  seemed 


And  so  I.  am  to  give  myself  to  Him — my  soul, 
my  bod}-,  my  talents,  m}-  acquisitions,  my  all." 
"  Yes,"  said  he,  after  some  moments  of  pro- 
found thought,  "/  will.     First,  I  will  kneel 

down  and  say  so  to  Him,  and  ask  his  aid  i  to  be  a  religiously-minded  person, 
and  his  blessing."  He  did  so.  Had  his  re-  When  a  young  woman,  like  many  others 
solve  stopped  at  that  first  act,  it  would  have  of  that  time  of  lite,  she  was  thoughtless  and 
been  of  little  worth.  As  related  by  himself  giddy.  A  young  man  belonging  to  a  neigh- 
to  the  writer,  it  was  the  turning-point  in  his ;  boring  family  with  whom  there  was  consider- 


course,  from  which  he  dated  the  commence- 
ment of  his  religious  life.  He  then  entered 
the  school  of  Christ,  and  receiving  humbly 
the  first  of  its  lessons,  was  prepared  by  it  for 
others  in  due  time  until  he  attained  a  well- 
balanced  and  most  devoted  piety. 

It  was  the  Light  of  Christ — the  Spirit  of 
his  Saviour — which  enabled  this  young  man 
to  see  that  ho  was  not  living  in  the  fear  of 
God  ;  and,  as  he  turned  to  its  reproofs,  gave 
him  power  to  form  the  holy  resolution  to  de- 


able  intimacy,  seemed  seriously  inclined,  and 
would  frequently,  after  being  at  meeting  « 
make  some  remark  which  indicated  that  the 
religious  services  had  made  an  impression  on 
his  mind.  But  she,  in  her  thoughtless  frivolity, 
would  ridicule  his  seriousness,  and  tell  him, 
"  You  are  getting  religious." 

One  day  bis  sister  came  in  baste  across  the 
field  to  her  home,  telling  her  she  must  im- 
mediately come  to  their  help,  for  her  brother 
was  taken  very  ill,  and  said  he  was  not  fit  to 


old  and  guilty  heart  long  ago.  No  ordinary 
faith  could  have  believed  that  the  seed-corn  of 
divine  truth,  planted  by  John  Flavel's  preach- 
ing 85  years  before,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
ocean,  still  survived,  and  was  destined  to 
spring  up  and  bear  fruit  unto  life  eternal.  It 
chanced  on  a  certain  day  that  he  found  him- 
self alone  in  an  open  field  belonging  to  bis 
farm,  with  no  weeping  multitude  around  him 
to  awaken  his  sympathies,  and  no  preacher's 
solemn  voice  to  tell  him  of  his  sin.  Moved, 
he  knew  not  how,  that  old  man,  in  his  hun- 
dredth year,  passing  over  all  the  intervening 
space,  felt  himself  back  again  in  the  fields  at 
Dartmouth,  hearing  the  fearful  words,  "  If 
any  man  love  not  the  Lord  Jesus,  let  him  be 
accursed."  And  the  message  of  heaven,  which 
the  thoughtless  youth  so  easilj"  rejected,  was 
mightier  when  speaking  from  the  remem- 
bered past,  than  when  heard  from  the  living 
voice.  Then  first  the  aged  sinner  found 
strength  to  roll  the  burden  of  the  threatened 
curse  from  his  heart,  through  the  exercise  of 
penitent  and  trusting  love.  He  lived  to  the 
extraordinary  age  of  11G  years,  believing  and 
rejoicing  in  the  Saviour  whom  for  a  century 
he  had  rejected. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Worldliness. 

It  is  well  for  us  in  this  day  of  peculiar,  be- 
cause refined   temptations,  to  be  truly  on  the 
"laviour  and   Lawgiver  en- 


vote  himself  wholly  to  the  Lord's  cause.    This  die.     This  brought  her  into  a  very  close  trial 
enabling  power  will  never  be  wanting  to  him' — for  she  felt  that  her  influence  over  him  had 


who  in  sincerity  seeks  it.  For  as  William 
Penn  saj-s  :  "Never  did  God  convince  people, 
but,  upon  submission,  He  impowcred  them." 
"  They  that  want  power  are  such  as  don't  re 


been   unfavorable,  and  it  would   be  awfid  in- 
deed if  he  should  be  taken  in  an  unprepared 
state,  and  the  responsibility  rest  upon  her. 
He  lived  about  two  weeks  from  that  time, 


ceive  Christ  in  his  convictions  upon  the  soul;  and  before  his  death  was  favored  with  an  evi- 
and  such  will  always  want  it;  but  such  as  do  dence  of  acceptance  with  his  Heavenly  Father 
[receive  Christ]  they  receive  power  (like  those  I  But  what   she    then    passed  through    bad  a 


of  old)  to  become  the  children  of  God 

A  writer  in  the  American  Messenger  de- 
scribes the  religious  awakening  of  a  young 
woman,  Mary  M ,  in  one  of  our  New  Eng- 
land towns.  She  had  been  piously  brought 
up,  but  had  married  into  an  irreligious  family 
and  had  drifted  away  from  her  early  associa- 
tions, until  she  seemed  to  have  no  concern 
left  about  her  spiritual  welfare.  A  younger 
brother  of  her  husband,  named  Edwin,  lived 
with  them,  and  out  of  curiosity  he  attended 
a  religious  meeting,  where  a  deeper  feeling 
was  awakened  in  his  mind.  On  the  next  oc- 
casion he  asked  Mary  to  accompany  him. 
She  laughingly  objected  ;  but  consented  at  th 


sobering  effect  upon  my  informant,  and  that 
period  of  time  proved  to  be  a  turning  point 
in  her  spiritual  career. 

Two   hundred  years  ago,  John  Flavel,  of 


1  ;  ••  Putting  on  the  breast-plate  of  faith 
and  love  ;  and  for  a  helmet,  the  hope  of  salva- 
tion." Surely  the  danger  was  never  greater 
for  our  gradually,  anil  it  may  be  insensibly 
getting  into  the  progressive  tide  of  worldli- 
ness which,  like  an  under  current  of  the  sea, 
or  like  the  quicksands  of  earth,  continually  in- 
volve in  more  and  greater  idolatry  and  danger. 
In  William  Cowper's  essay,  "The  Love  of 
the  World  Detected,"  occurs  the  following:  — 
'' '  Renounce  the  world,'  the  preacher  cries  ; 
'  We  do,'  a  multitude  replies." 
And  then  after  an  allusion  to  its  many  baits 
and  snares  which,  like  the  love  of  money, 
"drown  men  in  destruction  and  perdition,"  it 
thus  concludes : — 

"  Revil'd  and  lov'd,  renounced  and  follow'd, 
Thus  hit  by  bit  the  world  is  swallow'd  ; 
Each  thinks  his  neighbor  makes  too  free, 
Yet  likes  a  slice  as  well  as  he: 
With  sophistry  their  sauce  they  sweeten, 
Till  quite  from  tail  lo  snout  'tis  eaten." 
Is  it  not  fairly  presumable,  that  much  of 
the  lukewarmnes8  pervading  our  ranks  as  a 


Dartmouth,  England,  driven  out  of  his  pulpit; religious  Society  in  the  present  day,  is  to  be 


by  the  persecuting  Act  of  Uniformity,  was 
preaching  in  the  open  field.  With  his  wonted 
earnestness  and  affectionate  fervor  of  address, 
he  spoke  of  the  dreadful  curse  resting  on  all 
who  loved  not  the  Lord  Jesus.  Among  the 
listeners  on  that  day  was  a  youth  of  fifteen, 
who  heard  the  solemn  words  of  the  preacher, 
and  went  away  as  though  he  heard  them  not. 
Some  of  noble  birth  and  high  intellectual  cul- 
ture were  so  deeply  affected   that  they  fell 


suggestion  of  a  young  friend  who  was  visiting! senseless  upon  the  ground.  But  that  thought- 
less young  man  only  listened  and  looked  on 
as  if  be  were  a  disinterested  spectator.  Soon 
afterwards  he  began  a  roving  life  upon  the 
seas,  and  finally  settled  down  for  a  permanent 
home,  a  fatherless  and  a  prayerless  man,  in 
America.  Eighty-five  years  passed  by  from 
that  day  of  field  preaching  at  Dartmouth,  and 
the  bov  of  fifteen  was  now  a  man  of  a  hun- 


tbem,  that  they  might  at  least  derive  some 
amusement  from  going. 

On  their  return  the  young  women  noticed 
that  Edwin  seemed  sad,  and  they  determined 
if  possible  to  erase  all  serious  impressions  from 
his  mind.  So  they  jested  about  the  meeting 
and  the  preacher,  and  religious  meetings  in 
general,  and  at  length  Mary  laughingly  said, 


"  Now  let  us  have  a  prayer  meeting 
Edwin  will  please  pray  with  us." 


brother  dred  years,  and  a  wanderer  from  God.     The 


attributed  to  this  fertile  source  of  degeneracy 
and  weakness?  May  not  the  cares  of  this 
life,  the  deceitfulness  of  riches,  and  the  love 
of  other  things,  now  as  ever,  choke  the  good 
seed  of  the  kingdom,  first  in  ourselves,  and 
then,  in  measure,  in  all  who  come  within  the 
sphere  of  our  influence,  especially  our  dear 
children  ?  If  parents  for  themselves  do  not  get 
out  of  the  fatal  current  of  worldliness,  how 
can  they  expect  to  grow  in  the  life  of  a  re- 
ligion, which  requires  to  "Be  not  conformed 
to  this  world  ;  but  to  be  transformed  by  the 
renewing  of  our  minds,  that  we  may  prove 
what  is  that  good,  and  acceptable,  and  perfect 
will  of  God."  If  in  this  way  they  who  are 
parents  are  first  to  become  leavened  in  order 
that  they  may  leaven  others,  how  can  it  be 
reasonably  supposed,  that  the  children  of  such 
as  have  not  submitted  to  this  leavening,  trans- 
forming process,  will  receive  that  early  bias 


quick  susceptibilities  of  youth  had  died  in  his  in  favor  of  piety  and  virtue  which,  the  livin 


THE    FRIEND. 


practice  and  godly  example  of  those   they 
love  and  are  so  set  over  them,  should  give"? 
followed,  as  their  years  advance,  by  the 
culcation  of  Christian  precepts,  and  Christian 
principles  and  truths,  which   so    powerfully 
tend  to  preserve  young  people  in  good  liki 
before  the  Lord,  and  in  simplicity,  with  fil 
love  and  obedience  to  his  will. 

Admittingthe  correctness  ofthese  premises, 
can  we  fail  to  see,  that  indifference  and  luke 
warniness  will  be  likely  to  increase  and  pre 
vail  unless  a  firm  stand  is  taken  against 
them,  until,  like  Ephraim  of  old,  we  become 
mixed  with  the  world  and  its  spirit?  Of  bin 
it  is  written  :  "When  Ephraim  spoke  trem 
bling,  he  exalted  himself  in  Israel;  but  whet 
he  offended  in  Baal,  he  died.''  "Stranger; 
have  devoured  his  strength,  and  he  knoweth 
it  not,"  &c.  "  I  have  written  to  him  the  great 
things  of  my  law,  but  they  were  counted  as 
a  strange  thing."  And,  "Ephraim  is  joined 
to  idols:  let  him  alone." 

If  as  a  Society  wide-spread,  we  canno 
wrest  the  application  nor  the  force  of  thes< 
Scriptures,  let  us  do  that  which  we  can  and 
ought  to  do — let  us  humble  ourselves  unc 
the  mighty  hand  of  God,  and  return  unto  H 
with  the  whole  heart.  His  Omnipotent  hand 
in  richest  mercy,  is  yet  stretched  out  towards 
this  people  with  the  engaging  language: 
"How  often  would  I  have  gathered  thy  chil- 
dren together,  even  as  a  hen  gathereth  her 
chickens  under  her  wings,"  &c.  Then  let  us 
return  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  He  hath  torn,  and 
He  will  heal  us;  He  hath  smitten,  and  He  wil 
bind  us  up."  "Then  shall  we  know  if  wefol 
low  on  to  know  the  Lord,  his  going  forth  is 
prepared  as  the  morning;  and  He  shall  come 
in  unto  us  as  the  rain,  as  the  latter  and  former 
rain  unto  the  earth."  Ob  !  that  we  may  open 
our  eyes  to  see  our  lapsed  condition,  and  from 
whence  we  are  fallen  ;  that  so  with  renewed 
faith,  earnest  prayer,  and  the  power  of  the 
Lord's  Spirit,  we  may,  by  building  each  one 
over  against  his  own  house,  cause  that  the 
city,  the  place  of  our  fathers'  sepulchres,  too 
much  laid  waste,  may  be  builded  "  even  in 
troublous  times ;  and  the  great  name  of  the 
Lord  of  hosts  be  more  and  more  exalted  ovei 
all. 

8th  mo.  16th,  1883. 

A  Servant  worth  having. — A  friend  of  the 
Spectator,  of  the  Christian  Union,  sends  him 
the  following  little  incident,  which  is  derived 
directly  from  the  wife  of  the  captain  concern- 
ed, and,  therefore,  may  be  trusted  as  not 
apocryphal:  "When  the  'Ashuelot'  went 
down,  off  the  Chinese  coast,  the  captain  had 
a  Chinese  servant  who,  while  all  were  rush- 
ing on  deck,  coolly  went  back  to  the  captain's 
room,  put  up  two  suits  of  clothing  in  a  bag, 
came  up  on  deck,  tossed  the  bag  down  into 
the  last  boat,  and  quietly  stood  by  the  cap- 
tain, who  was  the  last  to  leave  the  vessel,  and 
jumped  overboard  with  him  as  the  vessel 
went  down.  Captain  and  servant  were  taken 
into  the  boat,  and  till  rowed  for  the  light- 
house ;  some  of  the  officers  were  only  in  their 
night-clothes,  and  all  of  them  saturated  to  the 
skin.  As  they  stood  around  a  fire  of  some 
sort,  the  servant  quickly  stepped  up  to  the 
captain,  and  asked,  '  Would  be  not  like  to  put 
on  a  dry  suit  of  clothes?'  The  captain  look- 
ed up  in  astonishment,  when  the  boy  opened 
the  door  of  the  next  room,  and  the  captain 
saw,  to  his  amazement,  two  suits  of  his  own 
clothingspreadoutupon  a  bod." — Boyal  Boad. 


EXPRESSIVE  SILENCE. 

BY    H.    S. 

Sacred  silence!  All  thy  power 

Have  we  ever  known  ? 
No!     We  lavish  upon  language 

Praise  that  is  thy  own. 

Thought  is  silent  in  its  dwelling, 

Deep  within  the  breast; 
Speech  is  but  the  outward  clothing 

In  which  thought  is  dressed. 

Speech  is  but  the  upper  current 

Of  a  deep,  deep  sea; 
Far  below  in  sacred  silence 

Must  the  treasures  be. 

Calmness,  coolness,  dwell  with  silence, 

Silent  falls  the  dew; 
Silent  roll  the  stars  above  us, 

In  the  unfathomed  blue. 

Silent  worship!  'tis  not  merely 

Found  by  sitting  still, 
This  is  but  the  outward  symbol 

Of  the  silent  will. 

Silent  waiting!  not  the  body, 

But  the  soul,  that  stands 
With  bowed  head,  and  ear  attentive 

For  its  Lord's  commands. 

Silent  suffering  !  lond  lamenting 

Never  had  thy  power; 
Silent  sympathy  !  no  other 

Fits  the  darkest  hour. 

Mute  submission!  meekly  bowing 

'Neath  the  Eternal's  will, 
"Dumb,  because  my  Father  did  it," 

Is  its  language  still." 

Silent  joy  !  to  give  it  utterance 

Music  has  no  tone  ; 
When  the  deepest,  purest,  holiest, 

It  is  all  our  own. 

What  can  still  the  voice  of  slander 

Like  the  mute  reply, 
Love  to  slanderer  and  slandered 

Speaking  in  the  eye  ? 

Is  the  spirit  moved  to  anger 

By  another's  speech  ? 
Silent  mastery  of  passion 

Best  his  heart  will  reach. 

Silent  vigils,  silent  prayers! 

Oh,  how  they  ascend 
From  the  sad  and  anxious  watchers 

By  the  couch  they  tend  ! 

And  like  vapor  heavenward  tending, 

They  will  fall  in  showers, 
Making  parched  and  barren  deserts 

Cheerful  with  spring  flowers. 

Mingling  with  the  crowds  around  us, 

As  we  pass  them  by 
We  can  give  but  friendly  greeting, 

Or  the  kind  reply. 

But  the  hand-in-hand  companions 

Journeying  side  by  side 
Toward  the  one  eternal  city, 

Loving,  true,  and  tried, 

Why  should  these  be  ever  feeding 

Upon  words  alone, 
When  the  heart's  most  precious  feeling 

Is  to  each  unknown? 

Ah!  how  many  social  gatherings, 

Were  we  simply  true, 
Would  enrich  and  bless  our  spirits 

More  than  now  they  do! 

Thought  and  speech  would  flow  together 

And  when  these  were  not, 
Silence  like  the  heavenly  manna 

Feeds  again  the  thought. 

We  should  often  find  at  parting 

That  a  heavenly  Guesl, 
Known  by  breaking  bread  among  us, 

Had  our  gathering  blest. 


man  which   told 
i  not  this  the  Clin 


"Come,  see  i 
I  did;  i 

She  left  her  pitcher  at  the  well,  and  to  her  home  re| 

turned, 
The  welcome  words  of  life  to  bear,  that  in  her  fuljl 

heart  burned ; 
Her  kindred  and  the  stranger's  ear  alike  the  news  re| 

ceive, 
Of  water  from  a  hidden  spring  the  Saviour  waits  tc'l 

give. 
With  joyful  haste  and  zealous  love  she  turns  to  seelj] 

her  home ; 
The  ceaseless  burden  of  her  theme,  behold,  the  Chriai 

is  come! 
He  waits — Messiah  waits  to  bless,  as  none  e'er  hlesseoj 

before ; 
Come  drink  ye  of  the  living  stream,  believe  and  thirst] 

no  more  ! 
Come!   and  behold  Messiah's  face,  of  whom  the  peoplt 

tell! 
Oh  !  come  and  hear  his  holy  voice  !  He  waitelh  by  the 

well. 
Oh,  come  to  Christ!    Samaria's  hills  echo  his  name 

aloud, 
And  tidings  of  Messiah  fly  amid  the  wondering  crowd. 
Like  berof  Sychar,  hast  tiiou  drank  of  that  blest  fount? 

Then  go, 
Let  others  learn  the  priceless  gifts  that  from  the  waters 

How. 
Go  forth  !  and  in  thy  Saviour's  strength  thy  voice  shall 

yet  be  heard, 
And  wandering   hearts  shall   turn,  and  bless  a  feeble 

woman's  word. 


Ye  are  not  your  own,  ye  are  bought  with  a 
Price. 

The  article  by  E.  G.  P.,  in  the  first  number 
of  the  present  volume  of  "  The  Friend,"  met  J 
spouse  in  my  heart.  I  feel  more  and  more  j 
every  day  that  I  live,  our  individual  respon- 1 
sibility  as  subjects  of  the  King  who  has  bought  i 
and  the  importance  of  redeeming  the 
time,  as  an  opportunity  once  lost  is  lost  for- j 
r.  It  does  seem  to  me  that  their  Master's 
cause  ought  to  be  so  dear  to  Christians  that 
they  will  gladly  embrace  every  right  oppor- 
tunity of  serving  in  it. 

There  are  persons  who  daily  pass  our  win- 
dow, whose  countenances  are  so  cheerful  and 
peaceful,  that,  not  to  see  them  as  they  pass 
seems  to  be  to  lose  one  glimpse  of  good  out  of 
our  da}*;  especially  a  father,  almost  always 
accompanied  by  bis  two  sons,  conversing 
cheerfully.  Then  arises  the  thought,  may 
iir  countenances,  our  words,  our  tones  inspire 
thers  to  seek  for  themselves  a  nearer  access 
to  the  Fountain  of  all  good,  the  Source  of  all 
consolation. 

If  the  children  now  running  the  streets 
>m  early  morning  till  late  at  night  are  ever 
to  be  prepared  for  lives  of  usefulness,  it  seems 
to  me  that  all  Christians  must  feel  their  in- 
dividual responsibility  with  regard  to  therm 
A  kindly  spoken  word  of  reproof — a  smile,  a 
fioiver,  a  pleasant  remark — are  all  helps.  If 
we,  who  were  born  of  Christian  parents,  and 
nurtured  in  the  fear  and  admonition  of  tho 
Lord,  who  have  always  attended  a  place  of 
worship,  and  had  free  access  to  the  best  of 
books — find  that  many  temptations  beset  our 
way,  so  that  our  only  safety  lies  in  our  con- 
stantly watching  the  eye  of  our  Guide  for 
counsel  and  wisdom,  how  much  more  difficult 
it  must  be  for  those  who  have  never  had  any 
of  these  privileges.  Are  they  not  entitled  to 
all  the  sympathy  and  help  we  can  give  them  ? 

"  I  long  for  the  joy  of  that  glorious  time, 
The  brightest  and  sweelesl  and  be-t, 
When  the  dear  little  children  of  every  clime, 
Shall  crowd  to  his  arms  and  he  blest." 

T. 


THE    FRIEND. 


Three  Recent  Heroisms. — Philip  Bentley,  a 
blacksmith,  of  Manchester,  lost  his  life  lately 
under  circumstances  of  a  peculiarly  tragic 
nature.  A  little  boy  named  Hartly,  returning 
from  Sunday  school,  fell  into  the  reservoirat 
Peinhlilon,  and  Bentley,  who  could  not  swim 
heroically  leaped  into  the  water  and  rescued 
the  boy.  Before  he  handed  the  boy  out  ofthe 
water  he  was  much  exhausted,  and  as  soon  as 
the  littlefellow  was  dragged  ashore.  Bentley 
fell  back,  sank,  and  was  drowned.  He  leaves 
a  widow  and  three  children. 

An  instance  of  bravery  in  emergency  is  re- 
ported from  Hull.  A  fire  had  broken  out  in  a 
bouse  wbich  had  been  locked  up  and  left  by 
the  occupiers,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  excite- 
ment, when  the  flames  were  almost  at  their 
fiercest,  it  became  known  that  a  little  girl, 
three  years  old,  was  sleeping  in  one  of  the 
bedrooms.  A  brave  fellow,  named  Charles 
Cr.rr,  a  boilermaker.  and  fellow-workman  of 
the  householder,  broke  into  the  burning  pre- 
mises, fought  his  way  through  flames  and 
smoke  into  the  room  where  the  child  was,  and 
■and  her  insensible  from  suffocation.  By 
that  time  the  rapid  progress  of  the  fire  had 
cut  off  his  retreat  by  the  way  he  had  come. 
He  dashed  out  the  window-sash,  and  having 
dropped  the  child  safely  into  the  arms  of  a 
man  below,  Carr  dropped  himself  from  the 
same  window,  but,  unfortunately,  he  cut  his 
hands  so  severely  with  the  broken  glass  thai 
he  will  be  unable  to  resume  bis  employment 
for  some  time. 

A  mineral  train  was  proceeding  from  Spen- 
nymoor  (Durham)  to  East  Howie,  when  a 
child  was  seen  to  be  crossing  the  line  a  feu- 
yards  in  front.  There  was  not  a  moment  to 
spare.  While  the  driver  reversed  the  engine 
and  put  on  the  brakes,  the  fireman  Thomas 
Williamson,  made  preparations  for  a  gallant 
and  dangerous  effort  to  save  the  child's  life. 
Cautiously  but  quickly  making  his  way  along 
the  footplate  of  the  engine.  Williamson  placed 
himself  in  a  crouching  posture,  and  stooping 
down  at  the  right  moment  snatched  up  the 
child  and  cleared  the  line  !  The  action  was 
just  done  in  the  nick  of  time;  for  a  moment 
afterwards  the  engine  passed  over  the  spot, 
which  but  for  the  bravery  ofthe  fireman  must 
have  been  the  scene  of  a  dreadful  accident. 
The  child,  which  belonged  to  the  East  Howie 
Colliery,  was  only  two  and  a-half  years  of  age. 
Herald  of  Peace. 


einnly,  as  he  was  accustomed  to  say  to  peni- 
tents :   "Now,  tell  me  all  your  sins." 

At  that  the  lady  gave  a  terrific  shriek,  and 
bounded  out  of  the  cabinet.  Her  friends  were 
greatly  alarmed,  and  be  was  more  so,  but 
succeeded  in  convincing  the  party  that  there 
was  a  wooden  partition  between  him  and  the 
lady,  and  that  he  had  done  her  no  barm.  The 
lady  herself,  as  soon  as  she  had  recovered  her 
composure,  explained  that  the  gloom  of  the 
church,  and  the  solemnity  of  the  act  had 
operated  upon  her  mind  something  like 
drowning,  and  brought  every  sin  of  her 
whole  lite  to  her  memory,  and  that  when  be 
said,  '-Tell  me  all  your  sins,"  she  was  abso- 
lutely terrified. 

He  made  great  use  ofthe  incident  to  show 
the  vast  utility  ofthe  confessional,  but  after- 
wards be  lost  all  faith  in  it  himself.  This  was 
not  because  those  who  confessed  to  him  were 
not  serious.  But  out  ofthe  50,000  confessions 
which  he  heard  during  his  priesthood,  be 
never  heard  one  which  showed  that  the  pe" 
son  who  made  it  had  made  any  progress  i 


fact,  that  in  the  public  estimation  they  are 
not  engaged  in  as  honorable  and  elevating  a 
trade  as  those  in  the  commercial,  mechanical, 
ministerial,  or  professional  business,  and  it  is 
a  matter  of  presumption  for  them  to  assert  it.' 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

The  Lachine  Aerolite. — The  Montreal  Daily 
Star  records  the  fall  of  an  aerolite  observed 
on  7th  mo.  7th,  1883,  at  Lachine,  about  eight 
miles  from  Montreal.  The  wife  of  an  insur- 
ance agent  named  Papham  was  sitting  in  her 
apartment  sewing,  when  of  a  sudden  it  was 
illuminated  with"  a  blinding  flash  of  light. 
She  instantly  glanced  out  ofthe  window,  and 
beheld  a  brilliant  mass,  as  of  tire,  descending 
obliquely  to  the  earth.  Its  astonishing  bril- 
liancy caused  a  temporary  loss  of  sight,  A 
brother  of  this  woman  was  in  a  lower  room 
reading  when  the  flash  came.  Looking  out 
of  the  window  towards  the  river,  he  plainly 
saw  the  fiery  ball  strike  the  water  at  a  little 
nldistance  from  the  shore,  sending  splashes  in 


holiness.  He  became  accustomed  to  theii 
voices  so  that  he  knew  without  seeing  them 
who  they  were,  and  be  beard  the  same  con- 
fession  from    the   same   person  over  and 


/cry  direction.  A 
any  who  did  not  s 
Strange  Attachmei 
■ation  ofthe  mannc 


for  years,  except  that  there  was  a  slight  ad-  instinct  sometimes    leads   a 
dition,    showing    that     they    were    growingland  protect  what  at  other  t 

,.-,,,.^         Tl.io      ntn'nctH      him     for     ;l     loner     time      DfCV   111)011.   is    in  Veil    ill    Xtitl 


fit  by 

ng  illus- 
maternal 

to   adopt 
•v  would 


This    pained    him    for   a    loi 
and  ultimately  overthrew  his  faith  in  the  in- 
stitution. 

His  distrust  of  the  doctrine  of  tratistihstan- 
tiation  began  by  his  reading  a  story  about  a 
Spanish  priest  named  Blanco  White.  This 
priest  was  saying  mass  in  the  cathedral  at 
Seville,  when  a  mouse  darted  from  a  crevice 
in  the  altar,  picked  up  one-half  of  a  conse- 
crated wafer,  and  darted  back  with  it  before 
the  outstretched  arm  of  the  priest  could  ar- 
rest him.  White  finished  the  mass  as  soon 
as  possible,  and  then  gathered  a  posse  to  hunt 


Religious  Items,  &c. 

The  Independent  Catholic  Church. — James 
A.  O'Conner,  of  Chicago,  in  giving  his  rea- 
sons for  leaving  the  Roman  Church,  referred 
among  other  things,  to  the  confessional,  and 
the  doctrine  of  transubstaiitiation. 

In  illustrating  the  effect  ofthe  confessional 
on  the  mind  of  the  penitent,  he  related  an 
incident  that  occurred  at  St.  Bridget's,  on 
Archer  avenue.  He  happened  to  go  into  the 
building  late  one  afternoon,  and  found  there 
two  ladies  and  two  gentlemen,  who,  he  soon 
learned,  were  Protestants,  looking  at  the  pic- 
tures. One  of  the  ladies  begged  of  him  to 
explain  to  her  the  confessional.  He  politely 
undertook  to  do  so,  and  led  her  to  the  box  in 
which  confessions  were  heard.  He  induced 
her  to  enter  at  one  side  and  he  entered  the 
other.  He  then  moved  the  slide,  and  left 
nothing  between  his  mouth  and  her  ear  ex- 
cept the  wooden  grating  and  said  to  her  sol- 


A 


who  was 

nt  12  chickens, 

ange  eggs  had 

ben    with    her 

oin  the  nest  till 


for  and  kill  the  mouse.  In  this  they  succeed 
ed.  but  on  dissecting  it,  were  grieved  to  find 
that  the  wafer  had   been   digested.     This  set 

White  to  thinking.     He  could  scarcely  credit  then  to  shelter  it  with  her  kitten  ;  since  which 
e   mouse   had   eaten  the  time  she  has  carefully  looked  after  it. 


y  upon,  is 
having  occurred  at  Swanage 

sitting  on  13  eggs  hatched 
but  during  her  sitting  4  s 
been  laid  in  her  nest.  Tl 
little  brood  were  not  taken 
two  days  later,  when  one  of  the  stray  eggs 
was  found  to  be  just  bursting  its  shell.  The 
mistress  of  the  household  in  trying  to  assist 
the  little  stranger  by  removing  the  shell, 
somewhat  injured  it,  and  thinking  it  would 
die.  and  not  liking  to  kill  it  herself,  she  thought 
that  her  cat  (which  happened  to  have  a  kitten 
a  few  days  old)  would  make  short  work  of  it, 
Strange  to  say  the  cat  commenced  to  remove 
all  the   shell  from    the   hatching  chick,  and 


the  thought  that  the  mouse  had  eaten  the 
Son  of  God.  In  the  end  it  led  to  White  re- 
nouncing Roman  Catholicism,  and  reading 
about  it  led  O'Connor  to  do  the  same. 

Secret  Societies  among  Scandinavian  Bap- 
tists.—A  writer  in  the  Cynosure  states,  that 
while  some  of  their  churches  will  allow  mem- 
bers to  join  labor  associations  which  have  no 
other  secret  than  a  recognition  mark.— the 
most  will  not  even  allow  that.  A  person  who 
joined  the  Free  Masons  was  excluded  from 
membership;  for,  '-To  bind  oneself  by  oath 
to  keep  yet  unknown  secrets,  and  that  of  or- 
ganizations of  mostly  ungodly  persons,  is  so 
unlike  Christ  and  the  spirit  of  Christianity, 
that  certainly  no  true  Christian  should  be 
tempted  to  do  it." 

Observance  of  First-day  in  Missouri.— The 
enforcement  of  the  new  law  in  Missouri  against 
the  sale  of  intoxicating  drinks,  and  other  un- 
necessary secular  business  on  First-day,  is 
receiving  particular  attention  from  the  State 
government.  The  executive  power  of  the 
local  authorities  has  hitherto  been  too  weak 
to  put  such  laws  in  force,  and  after  two 
or  three  efforts,  which  have  resulted  in  noth- 
ing but  proving  the  moral  cowardice  of  the 
police  force,  the  matter  has  dropped.  In 
Missouri,  however,  the  governor  accepts  the 
task  left  him   by  the  legislature.     He  says: 

"  The  saloon-keepers  should  recognize  the 


A  letter  having  been  written  to  Swanage 
to  inquire  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  above 
statement,  the  bank  manager  at  that  place 
replied,  vouching  for  its  accuracy.  He  visited 
the  "  happy  family"  when  the  chick  was  four 
days  old.  "The'old  cat  was  lying  down — 
the  kitten  asleep— and  the  little  chick  nestling 
with  the  cat,  who  would  lift  up  her  foreleg 
whenever  the  chick  came  near,  to  allow  the 
chick  to  nestle  under  its  arm,  when  it  would 
close  its  arm  around  it  in  a  most  amusing  and 
affectionate  way." 

Snow  and  Ice  Flora. — The  flora  of  the  ice 
and  snow-fields  consists  almost  entirely  of 
algae  of  microscopical  size  and  of  the  sim- 
plest forms  of  organization.  Of  these,  per- 
haps the  most  abundant  and  generally  known 
is  the  red  snow,  which  has  been  observed  by 
many  travellers  in  Arctic  regions.  It  also 
appears  in  the  north  of  Scandinavia,  on  the 
high  Alps,  the  Pyrenees  and  the  Carpathian 
mountains.  This  was  long  supposed  to  be 
the  only  living  plant  found  on  the  ice,  but 
within  a  few  years  many  other  species  have 
been  discovered.  One  of  these  is  a  purplish- 
brown  color  and  several  are  of  a  bright  green. 
Baron  Nordenskjold  thinks  they  play  an  im- 
portant part  in  the  melting  of  ice,  by  absorb- 
ing the  heat  of  the  sun's  rays  in  larger  pro- 
portion than  the  ico  itself;  and  thus  causing 


THE    FRIEND. 


deep  holes  on  its  surface,  which  conduce  to 

The  Arctic  regions  possess  microscopical 
animals  as  well  as  plants.  On  taking  some 
of  the  dried  algae  collected  in  Spitzbergen, 
and  putting  it  into  distilled  water,  the  algae 
came  to  life  again  ;  and  there  also  revived 
some  minute  worms,  which  had  before  been 
associated  with  these  plants  on  the  snows  of 
Spitzbergen,  and  which  resumed  their  work 
of  feeding  on  them. — Nature. 

Kefir  is  a  preparation  similar  to  Koumiss, 
but  made  from  cow's  milk.  It  has  long  been 
in  use  as  an  article  of  diet  among  some  of  the 
mountaineers  of  Caucasus  ;  but  is  being  in- 
troduced into  Russia  mainly  as  a  popular 
remedy  for  bronchitis  and  other  diseases. 
The  mountaineers  prepare  it  by  filling  a  bag 
made  of  goat  skin  with  milk,  and  adding  a 
ferment  like  an  yeast  cake — the  composition 
of  which  they  keep  secret.  This  causes  the 
milk  to  ferment. 

Eruption  of  a  Volcano  in  Lake  Nicaragua. 
— For  some  time  past  the  extinct  volcano  of 
Omctepe — an  island  in  Lake  Nicaragua  of 
about  20  miles  in  length — has  given  signs  of 
life.  On  6lh  mo.  19th  the  lava  commenced  to 
stream  from  the  new  crater,  and  continued, 
accompanied   with    prolonged   and   incessant 


Lily  iss 


clouds  of  ashes  and  dirt  which 
mountain.  The 
panic  occasioned  induced  most  of  the  in- 
habitants to  escape  from  the  island. 

The  Chickadee. — A  friend  of  mine  captured 
one  in  a  butterfly  net,  and  carrying  him  into 
the  house,  let  him  loose  in  the  sitting  room. 
The  little  stranger  was  at  home  immediately, 
and  seeing  the  window  full  of  plants,  pro- 
ceeded to  go  over  them  carefully,  picking  off 
the  lice  with  which  such  window  gardens  are 
always  more  or  less  infested.  A"  little  later 
he  was  taken  into  my  friend's  lap,  and  soon 
he  climbed  up  to  his  shoulder,  and  after  hop- 
ping about  lor  a  few  moments  on  his  coat 
collar,  he  selected  a  comfortable  roosting- 
place,  tucked  his  head  under  his  wing,  and 
went  to  sleep  and  slept  on  undisturbed  while 
carried  from  one  room  to  another.  Probably 
the  chickadee's  nature  is  not  of  the  deepest. 
I  have  never  seen  him  when  his  J03'  rose  to 
ecstasy.  Still  his  feelings  are  not  shallow,  and 
the  faithfulness  of  the  pair  to  each  other  and 
to  their  offspring  is  of  the  highest  order.  The 
female  has  sometimes  to  be  taken  off  the  nest, 
and  even  to  be  held  in  the  hand,  before  the 
eggs  can  be  examined.— Atlantic  Monthly. 

Terrific  Force  of  Water.— The  Virginia  City 
Water  Company  gets  its  supply  from  Marlette 
Lake  by  a  line'  of  carriage  containing  a  de- 
pression of  1720  feet.     The  pressure  on  the 


ing,  Indiana,  that  it  ''  was  an  attack  upon  the 
work  of  all  the  Western  Yearly  Meetings." 
This  is  amplified  in  an  Editorial  article  in  the 
Christian  Worker,  for  6th  mo.  28th,  written  in 
a  temperate  manner,  which  seems  to  call  for 
some  observations. 

This  article  begins  with  a  statement,  that 
the  great  business  of  the  Church  is  "the  sal- 
vation of  souls — conversion  and  sanctifiea- 
tion."  It  says  :  "  The  important  question  to 
be  asked  concerning  our  methods,  church  sys- 
tem and  character  of  ministry  is,  does  it  con- 
tribute to  this  work  ?  Anything  which  does 
not  should  be  discarded,  however  much  it  may 
have  been  sanctioned  in  the  past  or  we  may 
be  wedded  thereto  ;  any  thing  which  does,  we 
should  readily  and  gladly  accept,  however 
much  it  may  betoken  change."  It  states  that 
many  meetings  had  been  "led  in  unexpected 
ways  and  contrary  to  their  own  will  and 
planning  to  adopt  means  and  appliances  new 
to  Friends,"  such  as  "the  holding  of  revival 
and  prayer  meetings,  l-eading  the  Scriptures 
in  meeting,  singing,  rising  or  kneeling  to- 
gether, coming  to  places  of  prayer  [mourning! 


ground  of  our  being  one,"  of  declaring  "  thi 
is  not  according  to  the  truth  we  profess  ;  an< 
therefore  we  pronounce  such  and  such  doc 
trines  to  be  wrong,  with  which  we  canno 
have  unity." 

The  line  of  thought,  in  the  Worker's  artieli 
is, — that  certain  things  must  be  right  becausi 
thej'  produce  good  results;  in  the  Address,- 
that  certain  things  must  be  wrong  bocaust1 
they  conflict  with  sound  and  established  prin- 
ciples. 

Without  calling  in  question  tbeearnestnesf| 
of  purpose  or  the  purity  of  motive  of  som«, 
who  are  actively  engaged  in  those  things 
which  are  inconsistent  with  the  doctrines  01 
the  Christian  religion  as  believed  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  ;  we  believe  that  more  uni- 
versal good  would  have  resulted  if  this  earn- 
estness and  zeal  had  been  kept  within  the 
limits  which  we  believe  the  Truth  would  have 
placed.  When  we  come  to  speak  of  the  good 
effected  by  our  labors,  we  are  liable  to  be  de- 
ceived in  our  estimates.    The  number  of  mem- 


bers of  a  meeting  may  be  increased,  and  yet 
the  whole  tone  of  that  meeting  be  so  lowered 
benches],  and  other  like  methods."  It  says  that  it  is  no  longer  capable  of  rightly  enforc- 
of  these  methods  that  they  have  "  received  ing  its  discipline,  of  properly  weighing  the 
the  uniform  sanction  of  these  Yearly  Meet-  concerns  which  come  before  it,  and  of  upbold- 
ings  for  many  years,  and  never  was  there  a  ing  to  the  world  a  clear  testimony  to  righl^ 
time  when  they  were  more  committed  to  eousness  and  truth.  By  the  skilful  use  of 
[them]  than  now."  j those  appliances  which  operate  on  the  emo- 

This  we  believe  is  a  fair  synopsis  of  the(tional  part  of  our  nature,  multitudes  may  be 
article;  which  is  so  far  satisfactory,  that  it  stirred  up  to  great  enthusiasm,  and  wonder- 
fully admits  the  existence  of  those  practices  ful  effects  produced  for  a  time  ;  and  yet  these 
which  have  been  a  cause  of  uneasiness.  It  may  prove  only  temporary  in  their  duration, 
does  not  attempt  to  show  that  there  is  a  113'  and  those  so  influenced  ma3"  relapse  into  a 
error  in  the  statements  of  our  doctrines  con-  cold  or  lukewarm  condition,  or  even  into  a 
tained  in  the  Address  of  Philadelphia  Year^- ,  state  of  doubt  and  disbelief  in  the  reality  of 
Meeting,  and  drawn  from  our  standard  au-!religion.  Indeed,  these  results  are  almost  sure 
thorities ;  or  that  the  doctrines  and  practices  to  take  place,  unless  those  who  are  awakened 
condemned  by  it,  as  inconsistent  with  ourjto  a  sense  of  their  sinful  condition  come  to 
principles,  are  not  opposed  thereto.  Such  in-^ook  within  them  to  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  as 
consistency  counts  for  nothing  with  those,  their  life-long  Guide  and  Preserver,  on  whom 
whose  views  are  expressed  in  this  article,  be-  j  they  continually  wait  and  depend.  There 
cause  they  are  prepared  to  discard  any  doc-|ma3'  be  many  who  are  disgusted  with  what 
trine,  "however  much  it  may  have  been  sane-  are  termed  revival  methods,  and  seeing  in 
tioned  in  the  past,"  and  to  adopt  any  new  1  them  the  predominance  of  that  which  is  of 
one,  "  however  much  it  may  betoken  change  ;"i  man  only,  are  thereb3r  led  to  turn  away  from 
"f  they-  think  tiny  can  thereby  promote  the  religion  altogether. 


Is    t< 


when  a  break  occurs,  says  the  Reno  Gazette. 
the  noise  can  be  heard  tor  half  a  mile,  and 
the  earth  shakes  for  hundreds  of  feet  around. 
The  tlying  water  bores   through  rocks  like  a 


sand  blast. 

THE    FRIEND. 

NINTH  MONTH  8,  1883. 

In  our  last  number  we  reviewed  somo  of 
the  criticisms  which  had  been  made  on  the 
Address  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting.  We 
think-  the  substance  of  nearly  all  of  the  ob- 
jections to  it,  is  embodied  in  the  remark"  of  a 
leading  elder  of  Mississinewa  Quarterly  Meet- 


etticiencj'  of  their  religious  work.  The  prac- 
tical result  of  this  S3^stem  is  to  make  our  ac- 
ceptance of  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  to  de- 
pend on  our  own  estimate  of  their  power  to 
produce  good  fruits.  The  same  willingness 
to  discard  the  doctrines  of  the  Societ3"  when 
they  conflict  with  modern  ideas,  is  shown  by 
another  article  in  the  Christian  Worker,  which 
says  it  is  not  very  likely  that  Early  Friends 
"  would  have  wished  to  saddle  all  their  views 
on  persons  as  free  agents  as  themselves,  living 

The  "Address"  is  based  on  a  conviction 
that  the  principles  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
are  Primitive  Christianity  revived,  and  are 
true — that  they  are  in  full  accordance  with 
the  Holy  Scriptures  —  and  that  our  early 
Friends  were  not  mistaken  when  they  boldly 
and  repeatedly  declared  that,  they  were  led 
to  embrace  them  by  the  immediate  operation 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  opening  their  eyes  to  see 
their  truth,  and  inclining  their  hearts  to  em- 
brace them.  The  Yearly  Meeting  addressed 
it  to  the  members  of  our  Society,  who  might 
reasonably  be  supposed  to  hold  the  same  be- 
lief; and  exercised  thai  right,  which  belongs 

to  all  the  branches  of  the  Church,  when  any 
"arise  to  teach  any  other  doctrine  or  doc- 
trines,   contrary    to    those    which    were    the 


There  is  much  evidence  to  show  that  some 
of  the  evils  which  we  have  stated  as  liable  to 
follow,  have  actually  been  produced  ;  and  this 
confirms  us  in  our  judgment  that  the  "  Ad- 
dress" is  right  in  building  upon  established 
principles  as  its  foundation,  instead  of  taking 
our  own  estimate  of  results  to  determine  what 
principles  are  true  and  what  are  false.  It  is 
strengthening  also  to  find,  that  there  are  a 
number  of  those  who  at  one  time  were  com- 
mitted to  this  modern  movement,  whoso  eyes 
have  been  opened  to  see  that  it  is  not  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  truth  as  held  by  our  So- 
ciety, or  with  the  convictions  of  the  Lord's 
Spirit  in  their  own  minds.  One  of  these,  who, 
at  the  time  it  was  written,  was  a  member  of 
the  Larger  I3od3'  in  Kansas  5Tearly  Meeting 
in  a  letter  to  the  Editor,  says: 

"  It  is  very  trying  to  one  that  has  been  con- 
vinced of  the  Truth  as  held  by  Friends,  to  see 
our  testimonies  trampled  upon,  and  to  hear 
that  precious  doctrine  of  the  inward  manifes- 
tation ot  Christ  ignored,  and  an  outward 
literal  doctrine  suhst  il  ulcd  instead,  This 
week  has  been  a  week  of  great  mental  con- 
flict and  spiritual  suffering  with  me.  The 
Monthly  Meeting  of  which  I  am  a  member, 
has  been  engaged  in  dealing  with  those  who 
have  gone  out  from  among  us  on  account  of 


THE    FRIEND. 


39 


,he  [our]  departures  from  sound  principle. 
4.nd  at  the  same  time  one  of  those  disgrace- 
ful, protracted  meetings  being  carried  on,  in 
ivh'ich  almost  everything  that  characterizes  a 
Friends'  meeting  has  been  violated,  both  in 
loctrinc  and  practice.  My  former  home  was 
n  the  limits  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting. 
where  I  was  recorded  a  minister.  Being 
roung,  I  was  led  far  into  those  things  of 
,vhich  I  have  spoken.  But  the  Lord,  by  his 
[iight  and  Spirit  opened  to  my  understanding 
i  better  way,  and  showed  me  some  of  the 
leep  things  of  the  kingdom." 

We  subjoin  extracts  from  two  other  letters, 
Bitten  by  those  who  speak  of  that  which 
,bejT  have  seen  and  known.  One  of  these,  who 
las  held  the  highest  positions  in  one  of  the 
iVestern  Yearly  Meetings,  thus  expresses  his 
eelings : — 

"  While  the  multitude  seems  borne  along 
n  a  spirit  of  exultation,  and  of  glorying  in 
vorks  that  they  have  done,  there  are  those 
vho  see  another  side,  and  who  feel  the  smit- 
ngs  of  error  and  wrong  against  the  innocent 
ind  the  pure  life. 

Apart  and  alone,  it  ma}'  be,  there  are  many 
silent  sufferers  in  these  days  of  rending  in  the 
)ody,  whose  tears  and  sighs  are  known  only 
o  Him,  who  knows  the  inner  as  well  as  the 
>uter  life.  The  Church  of  God  cannot  pass 
■rough  crises  like  that  upon  it  now  ;  when 
n  the  wilderness,  the  floods  of  the  enemy  are 
>oured  against  her,  and  so  much  that  is  false 
md  wrong  is  taught  and  done,  within  the 
■ar.ks  of  her  professing  children, — without 
tain  and  anguish  somewhere.  Where  there 
s  life  and  capacity  to  feel,  the  stroke  that 
pounds  will  cause  pain.  And  when  the  ten- 
lerest,  the  finest  and  the  most  beautiful  things 
hat  adorn  a  church  or  a  character,— rever- 
snce,  gentleness,  humility,  Christian  affection 
ind  deference  to  brethren, — are  overridden 
■ougbsbod  in  the  work  that  claims  to  win 
louts  to  Christ,  there  will  be  suffering  in.tbose 
>arts  where  there  is  the  keenest  suscepti- 
)ility." 

The  other  is  a  friend  in  Indiana,  who  writes: 
"  Notwithstanding  the  storm  has  swept 
>ver  our  entire  borders — sowing  the  seeds  of 
srror  everywhere — yet  there  are,  1  verily  be- 
ieve,  scattered  here  and  there  in  nearly  every 
neeting,  little  Davids,  whom  their  brethren 
lold  in  contempt,  who  now  carry  the  sling 
md  the  pebble — and  when  the  right  time 
somes  will  arise  and  slay  Goliath  of  Gath.  It 
ruly  is  a  time  to  disseminate  the  living  doc- 
■rines,  testimonies  and  practices  of  Friends — 
"or  many  are  beginning  to  enquire  for  the  old 
>aths,  while  many,  who  have  been  swimming 
dongintbe  current  of  the  modern  departure, 
lave  not  found  that  peace  and  comfort  in  it 
vhich  w-as  promised  by  the  leaders  of  this 
)eople — are  novv  longing  for  something  more 
lolid,  something  more  satisfying  to  the  in- 
ernal  man.  more  durable,  unfading,  eternal." 
EEe  adds,  "In  due  time,  and  by  God's  won- 
irous  power,  the  darkness  will  be  dispelled, 
md  light,  truth — the  eternal  truths  of  the 
3ospel — will  burst  forth  with  increased  beauty 
,o  enlighten  the  pathway  of  all." 

The  few  lines  in  the  present  number  of 
'  The  Friend,"  headed  "  Ye  are  not  your  own, 
^e  are  bought  with  a  price,"  we  trust  accord 
,vith  the  feelings  of  many  of  our  readers,  who 
'eel  the  importance  of  being  faithful  stewards 


of  the  gifts  and  graces  conferred  upon  them, 
so  that  they  may  "  work  out  their  own  salva- 
tion," and  also  do  that  service  for  others 
which  is  appointed  them  by  the  Lord  of  the 
vineyard.  He  who  has  been  made  to  feel  the 
terrors  of  the  Lord  for  disobedience,  and  has 
truly  repented  of  his  sins  and  sought  for  for- 
giveness, and  been  favored  with  "a  sensible 
evidence  of  Divine  love  and  peace  in  his  heart; 
as  he  abides  in  this  holy  communion  with 
Christ,  the  Living  vine,  will  be  animated  by 
a  measure  of  that  love  which  seeks  to  gather 
all  into  the  sacred  enclosure.  His  heart  will 
be  lifted  up  in  prayer  to  the  eternal  Fountain 
of  all  good,  that  the  Divine  Mercy  may  so 
visit  others  as  to  bring  them  into  subjection 
to  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  by  which  alone  they 
can  be  redeemed  from  their  iniquities,  purified 
and  made  capable  of  true  happiness  and  peace. 
While  he  will  fully  and  freely  acknowledge 
that  all  power  to  promote  his  own  spiritual 
welfare  or  that  of  others,  must  come  from 
above,  yet  he  will  be  preserved  in  that  watch- 
ful state  in  which  he  will  be  quick  of  discern- 
ment in  the  fear  of  the  Lord  to  embrace  every 
right  opening  for  labor.  He  will  be  kept  from 
yielding  to  the  suggestions  of  that  worldly- 
minded  spirit  which  would  seek  its  own  ease 
and  comfort,  and  pay  little  regard  to  the 
spread  of  the  cause  of  truth  and  righteous- 
ness in  the  earth. 

May  the  Lord  pour  out  upon  his  people  the 
spirit  of  grace  and  supplication,  so  that  the 
petitions  of  many  may  arise  for  an  increase 
of  earnestness  and  zeal  in  our  members,  and 
among  Christians  of  all  denominations,  and 
that  their  confidence  may  be  placed  in  His 
almighty  power,  which  alone  can  change  the 
heart  of  man  and  convert  its  barren  wastes 
into  fields  bearing  fruit  to  the  praise  of  the 
great  Husbandman  ! 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  reduction  of  the  national  debt 
during  8th  month  was  $6,671,851.  The  net  debt,  less 
money  in  the  Treasury  9th  mo.  1st,  was  #1,536,518,765. 

The  President  has  returned  with  his  party  from  the 
trip  to  the  Yellowstone  region. 

The  Postal  Guide  for  9th  month,  will  show  that  there 
are  now  48,049  post-offices  in  the  United  States,  of 
which  number  2176  are  Presidential  offices,  and  6373 
money  order  offices.  Since  1876  the  number  of  post- 
offices  has  been  increased  40  per  cent.  Railway  post- 
office  service,  to  begin  on  the  2nd,  has  been  ordered 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  between  Missoula 
and  Helena,  Montana.  This  will  make  a  continuous 
railway  post-office  service  via  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road from  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  to  Portland,  Oregon,  a  dis- 
tance of  1920  miles. 

There  was  a  violent  storm  on  the  Great  Banks  of 
Newfoundland,  on  First-day  the  26th  of  last  month, 
which  drove  hundreds  of  dories  away  from  their  trawls. 
It  is  estimated  that  100  dories  and  80  men  were  lost. 
Scores  of  the  dories  were  capsized,  and  the  ocean  was 
strewn  with  wreckage. 

A  severe  northeast  gale  raged  on  the  29th  tilt,  along 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  New  England  coasts.  Great 
damage  was  done  at  Long  Branch  and  Atlantic  City. 
Near  the  former  place  the  track  of  the  New  Jersey 
Southern  Railroad  was  undermined,  and  a  bad  washout 
on  the  Long  Branch  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, near  Berkeley.  At  Atlantic  City  the  board  walk 
and  most  of  the  buildings  from  the  pier  northward  were 
washed  away,  and  all  the  railroads  except  the  West 
Jersey  were  submerged.  The  damage  is  estimated  at 
$75,000. 

The  steamer  Riverdale  burst  her  boiler  and  sank  in 
the  North  river,  at  New  York,  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
28th  ult.     Several  lives  were  lost, 

"  Earthquake  waves"  began  on  the  Saucelito  tide 
gauge,  near  San  Francisco,  at  one  o'clock  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  27th  ultimo.  They  increased  in  height,  and 
were  still  exhibited  two  days  later.  Their  height  was 
one  foot,  and  the  time  between  their  crests  was  about 


40  minutes.  It  is  supposed  they  were  caused  by  the 
earthquake  in  Java  on  the  27lh.  Similar  disturbances 
were  noted  in  12th  mo.  1S54,  when  the  town  of  Simoda, 
in  Japan,  was  destroyed  by  an  earthquake,  and  in  8th 
month,  1868,  when  a  succession  of  terrible  earthquake 
waves  broke  upon  the  coast  of  Peru. 

Extensive  forest  fires  were  raging  on  the  28th  ult. 
between  Seal  Cove  and  Great  Pond,  ten  miles  from  Bar 
Harbor,  Maine,  on  the  western  side  of  the  island. 
About  2000  acres  had  been  burned  over,  but  it  was  be- 
lieved that  a  ditch  which  had  been  built  around  the 
burning  tract  would  prevent  the  further  spread  of  the 
flames. 

Large  fires  are  reported  in  the  forests  of  the  Dismal 
Swamp,  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 

The  drought  of  the  last  two  months  in  Southern  Vir- 
ginia continues  and  is  doing  great  damage  to  the  crops. 
In  some  sections  not  more  than  half  crops  of  corn,  cot- 
ton and  tobacco  can  be  made.  The  streams  are  fast 
drying  up,  making  milling  operations  impossible.  At 
Petersburg  the  river  is  so  low  that  millers  cannot  do 
more  than  a  fourth  of  their  usual  work. 

The  crops  in  Eastern  New  England  are  suffering 
severely  from  the  effects  of  a  drought  which  has  lasted 
six  weeks.  The  farmers  have  been  compelled  to  take 
their  cows  from  the  pastures  and  feed  them  upon  winter 
hay. 

By  this  time  last  year  the  mackerel  catch  amounted 
to  133,000  barrels,  against  only  50,000  barrels  that  have 
been  caught  since  this  year's  season  opened.  Prices 
have,  as  a  result,  advanced  about  100  per  cent,  over 
those  of  a  year  ago. 

A  walnut  log  9  feet  in  diameter  and  12  feet  in  length, 
weighing  22,000  pounds,  reached  New  York  recently. 
It  is  said  to  be  worth  $2000  as  it  is,  and  to  be  the  largest 
log  ever  brought  into  this  country  from  abroad.  It  was 
cut  on  a  spur  of  the  Pyrenees  mountains  near  the  little 
French  village  of  Perigeoux. 

The  plans  for  the  new  silver  vault  to  be  constructed 
in  New  Orleans  have  been  completed.  It  will  have  a 
storage  capacity  of  '20,000,000  standard  silver  dollars. 

The  exports  of  domestic  produce  from  New  York  for 
the  week  ending  8th  mo.  28th,  amounted  to  $8,623,298. 
The  total  exports  since  1st  mo.  1st,  aggregate  £'233,826,- 
304,  against  $218,272,122  for  the  same  time  in  1882. 

A  superb  diamond,  weighing  150  karets,  or  431 
karets  more  than  the  famous  Koh-i-noor,  lias  been 
brorrgtrt  from  South  Africa,  by  Porter  Rhodes.  The 
Empress  of  Austria  and  the  wife  of  Mackay,  the  Cali- 
fornia millionaire,  are  said  to  be  rival  bidders  for  its 
possession. 

A  telegram  from  Panama  says  the  new  tariffs  for 
telegrams  via  Galveston,  are  :  Chili,  $3.07  ;  Buenos 
Ayres,  r'2.92;  Uruguay,  $3.25  per  word  to  and  from  the 
United  Slate-. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  381,  which 
was  17  le-;sthan  during  the  previous  week,  and  9  more 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year.  Of  the  whole 
number,  178  were  males,  and  203  females:  49  died  of 
consumption  ;  34  of  marasmus  ;  :;:;  of  cholera  infantum  ; 
21  of  diphtheria  ;  13  of  old  age,  and  11  of  typhoid  fever, 
I  Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4J's,  112.!  ;  4's,  registered,  U8J  ; 
coupon,  1195  ;  3's,  1031;  currency  6's,  129  a  134. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  but  prices 
I  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted.  Sales  of  mid- 
jdlings  are  reported  at  101  a  10:;  cts.  per  pound  for  up- 
lands and  New  Orleans. 

j  Petroleum. — Standard  white,  7|  a  71  cts.  for  export, 
and  S|  a  81  cts.  for  home  use. 

I  Flour. — There  was  less  doing,  but  prices  were  with- 
jout  material  change.  Sales  of  2000  barrels,  including 
Minnesota  extras  at  $5.50  a  *G;  Pennsylvania  family 
lat  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.60  a  $6,  and  patents  at  #6.25 
la  $7.50.     Rye  flour  is  firm  at  £4  for  pure. 

Grain. — Wheat  is  dull  and  rather  easier.  Sales  of 
|0600  bushels,  in  lots,  at  $111  a  $1.15.  Rye  is  firm  at 
63  cts.  Corn  is  dull  and  a  shade  easier.  Sales  of 
10,000  bushels  in  car  lots,  57  a  00  cts.  Oats  are  inactive 
and  favor  buyers.  Sales  of  11,000  bushels,  in  car  lots, 
at  31  a  38  cts. 

Hav  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  9th  mo. 
1st,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  293;  loads  of  straw,  42. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  75 
a  85  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  65  a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  65  a  75  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Foreign.— On  the  29th  of  8th  month,  a  meeting  of 
the  Irish  National  League  was  held  in  Dublin:  Divitt, 
Sexton  and  Parnell  were  present.  Parnell,  in  a  speech, 
referred  to  the  success  of  the  efforts  of  the  Irish  mem- 
bers of  Parliament  to  promote  the  Laborers,  Tramways 
and  Migration  acts.  He  said  he  believed  the  day  was 
near  when  the  Irish  would  gain  the  full  programme  of 
measures  for  which  the  League  had  been  formed.  He 
thanked  the  Irishmen  of  America  and  Australia  for 


II) 


THE    FRIEND. 


1 

J.  Scott,  and  Jacob  Smedlev,  Pa.,  $2  each,  vol.  57,  and  I 
for  William  Webster,  $2,  to  No.  11,  vol.  58;  froruj 
Wilmon  Bacon,  N.  J.,  -2,  vol.57;  from  David  Comfort,! 
I.  Powell  Leeds,  and  Sarah  T.  Warrington,  N.  J,  per 
Joseph  Walton,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  John  Branting-| 
ham,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57. 

Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  notl 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 

AGENT  APPOINTED. 
William  Harvey,   Monrovia,  Morgan  Co.,  Ind.,  has  i 
been  appointed  Agent  for  "The  Friend." 

The  name  of  the  Agent  recently  appointed  at  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y,  is  Jacob  D.  Bell,  instead  of  Jacob  P.  Bell, 
as  erroneously  published. 

TOUGHKENAMON  BOARDING  SCHOOL        | 
will  re-open  9th  mo.  17th,  1883. 

H.  M.  Cope,  Principal. 
Hannah  Cooper,  Assistant. 

WANTED, 
Principals   and    assistant   teachers  for   the  Evening 
Schools  for  Colored  Adults,  to  be  opened  on  the  1st  of 
10th  month.     Apply  to 

Jos.  W.  Lippincott,  460  N.  Seventh  St. 
Thos.  Wool, nan,  858  Marshall  St. 
Jos.  J.  Walton,  924  Chestnut  St. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL.     ' 
Until  further  notice  the  Stag*  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  H.  trains 
fiom  Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

MOORESTOWN  ACADEMY, 
Under  the  care  of  Chester  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  Jersey, 
will  re-open  9th  mo.  3rd,  18S3. 

Wilmer  P.  Leeds,  Principal. 

FRIENDS'   SELECT  SCHOOLS. 

These  schools,  under  the  care  of  the  three  Monthly 
Meetings  of  Friends  in  this  city,  will  re-open  on  Second- 
day,  Ninth  mo.  17th,  1883. 

A  limited  number  of  children  will  now  be  admitted 
who  are  not  members  of  our  religious  Society,  whose 
parents  may  desire  to  have  them  educated  free  from  the 
unnecessary  but  fashionable  accomplishments,  too  com- 
mon in  many  schools  at  this  day. 

The  attention  of  Friends  residing  in  the  city  and  its 
neighborhood  is  invited  to  them.  The  terms  are  moder- 
ate, and  Friends  belonging  to  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting,  sending  children  to  these  schools,  (also  mem- 
bers), who  may  find  the  charges  burdensome,  can  be 
fully  relieved. 

The  principal  schools  will  open  for  the  next  term 
under  the  care  of  John  H.  Dillingham  and  Mary  Wj 
Wooliuan,  as  Principals,  both  experienced  teachers  of 
many  years'  experience.  Facilities  for  illustration  are 
afforded  by  a  valuable  collection  of  philosophical  and 
chemical  apparatus,  minerals,  and  Auzoux's  models  of 
parts  of  the  human  svstem,  &c. 

The  primary  Schools  on  Cherry  St.,  and  at  Sixth  and 
Noble  .its.,  will  be  continued. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  upon  applica- 
tion to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Committee. 

Jno.  W.  Biddle,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSVNE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty  third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


their  support  of  the  cause  of  progress  in  Ireland,  which 
he  said  had  been  encouraging.  He  said  that  the  bulk, 
of  the  English  members  of  the  House  of  Commons  had 
conceded  that  home  rule  was  necessary  for  Ireland. 

The  foot  and  month  disease  is  increasing  alarmingly 
among  the  cattle  in  England. 

Zulu-land  is  in  a  state  of  anarchy.  Cetewayo  has 
asked  for  British  protection. 

An  official  report  shows  that  there  have  been  27.318 
deadis  from  cholera  in  Egypt  since  the  outbreak  of  the 
epidemic  up  to  the  1st  instant.  There  have  been  140 
deaths  among  the  British  troops  stationed  in  Egypt. 
About  150  deaths  occur  daily  at  the  present  time.  The 
Minister  of  the  Interior  has  started  a  fund  for  the  relief! 
of  the  families  of  the  victims  of  the  cholera.  Large, 
sums  have  been  promised  to  the  fund,  and  the  English 
troops  in  Egypt  will  sub-crihe  one  day's  pav. 

The  Paris  Temps  attributes  the  authorship  of  the 
North  German  GusHle's  recent  article  against  France  to 
a  clumsy  subordinate,  and  says  the  article  was  not  in- I 
spired  from  a  high  quarter.  It  adds  that  France  is  too 
absorbed  in  internal  reconstruction  to  seek  adventures 
abroad,  but  is  not  so  enfeebled  and  humbled  as  to  allow, 
herself  to  be  the  sport  of  unseemly  frolics. 

Admiral  Peyron,  Minister  of  Marine,  has  received 
a  despatch  from  the  Governor  of  Cochin-China  an- 
nouncing that  Chainpeaux  has  arrived  at  Saigon  bear- 
ing a  treaty  of  peace  between  France  and  Annul,  which, 
was  signed  at  Hue  on  the  25th  of  8th  month.  The 
treaty  provides  for  the  complete  recognition  of  a  French 
protectorate  over  Anam  and  Tonquin,  the  definite  an- 
nexation of  Dintliuan  to  ( 'ochin-Cbina,  the  permanent 
military  occupation  bv  the  French  of  the  forts  on  the 
Thuaan  and  Vingchua  line,  the  immediate-  recall  of  the; 
Anamite  troops  from  Tonquin,  the  garrison  there  to  be 
placed  on  a  peace  footing,  and  the  return  of  the  man- 
darins to  their  posts.  France  undertakes  to  expel  i lie 
"Black  Flags"  from  Tonquin,  and  thus  insure  safety  j 
to  trade.  The  treaty  between  France  and  Anam  fur-; 
titer  stipulates  that  France  shall  have  absolute  control 
over  the  An.. mile  finances  and  customs,  and  that  the 
French  shall  recognize  Hieph ma  as  the  new  King  of, 
Anam.  The  treaty  also  requires  guarantees  that  a! 
French  protectorate  shall  be  recognized  over  all  Anam.j 
The  success  of  the  French  in  Anam  lias  rendered  China 
more  hostile  to  them.  Chinese  troops  continue  to  ar- 
rive at  the  Yun  Nan  frontier. 

The  Governor  of  New  Caledonia  has  received  a 
petition  from  the  notables  of  Noumea,  urging  that 
France  take  possession  of  the  New  Hebrides.  Two 
French  men  of  war  have  started  thither. 

A  royal  order,  pieced,  d  by  a  circular  from  General 
Martinez  Campos,  Minister  of  War,  in  relation  to  the! 

It  provides  that  any  officer  or  serge. nt  proved  to  be  a 
member  of  a  Republican  military  society,  or  any  other 
secret  society,  shall  be  dismissed  from  the  service  and 
be  criminally  prosecuted  besides. 

Two  thousand  peasants  have  invaded  Krapina  for 
the  purpose  of  attacking  the  Jews  in  that  place.  The 
ni   b  was  hied   upon  by  the  military,  and  one  man  was 


arresteii.  1  li 
a  number  of 
made  a   deep 


enoe  at  7,  igorien,  in  which 
killed  and  wounded,  has 
It  is  believed  the  feeling 
to  an  agitation   which   has 


jngi 


tld 


•b    Hiinga 


The 


gary  regard  the  situation  in  Croatia  as  a  serious  one. 
The  military  have  suppressed  fresh  attempts  at  rioting 
against  the  Jews  in  Z.la.  Many  of  the  rioters  have 
been  arrested. 

A  terrible  volcanic  eruption  has  occurred  on  the 
island  of  Krakatoa  and  other  violent  disturbances  ill 
adjacent  places.     North   Bantam,  in  Java,  is  covered 

Willi  ashi  s,  mud  and  - ■-.      The  crops  are  ruined  anil 

roa.ls  and  bridges  are  damaged.  A  despatch  from  Ba- 
tavia,  .lav...  io  Lloyds,  says  thai  the  towns  of  Anjer, 
Tjiringineand  Telokbelong  have  been  destroyed  by  the 
volcanic  eruptions,   thai    all    the   lighthouses   in'  the 

mountain  of  Kraroatan    formerly  st I   the  sea   now 

Hows.  The  aspect  of  the  Sunda  Straits  is  much  changed, 
and  navigation  is  dangerous.  New  islands  have  arisen 
therein,  and  the  coast  line  is   altered.    The   Govern- 

Sixteen  volcanoes  ha  ve^.Vpea'rrd' between  tho  -i'l'eVl'ie'ro 

the  island   ,,f  Krakatoa    formerly   si I    and    Sibisic 

Island.  A  part  of  the  Bantam  is  nn  ashy  desert.  The 
cattle  are  starving,  and  the  population  are  in  despair. 
The  Soengepan  volcano  has  split  in  live  parts.  The 
captain  of  a  steamer,  which  was  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda 


during  the  recent  volcanic  eruptions,  reports  that  ashes 
fell  on  the  deck  of  his  vessel  to  the  depth  of  eighteen 
inches,  and  that  he  passed  masses  of  floating  pumice 
stone  seven  feet  in  depth.  The  loss  of  life  is  enormous, 
but  the  exact  number  who  perished  will  probably  never 
be  known.  One  estimate  places  it  as  high  as  75,000. 
The  Government  of  Bitavia  has  voted  £5000,  and  the 
Government  of  Java  has  given  £1000  for  the  relief  of 
the  sufferers. 

RFXEIPTS. 
Received  from  David  Haworth,  Ind.,  $2,  vol.  57; 
from  Margaret  E.  Lee,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  George 
Haines,  Jr.,  and  James  W.  Haines,  N.  J.,  §2  each,  vol. 
57  ;  from  Oliver  Miller,  O  ,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph 
Rhoads,  Pa.,  -2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Nathan  F.Spencer 
and  Reuben  Davis,  N.  O,  §2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Henry 
R.  Post,  L.  I.,  12,  vol.  57,  and  for  LvdU  Post,  $2,  vol. 
57;  for  Richard  Patlon  and  Zacheus'Tesl,  Io.,  $2  each, 
vol.  57  ;  from  Russel  Taber,  lo.,  $2,  vol.  57,  anil  for 
Phebe  C.  Harkness,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Thomas  Bowman, 
O.,  per  Edmund  S.  Fowler,  Agent,  $2,  vol.57;  from 
Jane  B.  Smith,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Margaret  Robin- 
son, Gin.,  £2,  vol.  57;  from  Isaac  Craft,  Fkfd.,  $2,  vol. 
57,  and  for  Marianna  Eastburn,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.57  ;  from 
Elizabeth  Allen,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Hannah 
Hutton,  Myk.,$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  William  Henry  Brown, 
Gtn.,  $2,  vol.57;  from  Eliza  G.  Sheffield,  Conn.,  $2, 
vol.  57  ;  from  James  Scarlet,  Pa.,  $2.10,  vol.  57;  from 
Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Westtown,  Pa.,  $2,  to  No.  15, 
vol.  58,  and  for  James  Davis,  C.  Canby  Balderston, 
Charles  Potts,  Edwin  I  horp,  and  Ann  Sharpless,  West- 
town,  William  Forsytbe,  Lenape,  Pa.,  and  Charles 
Williams,  Fellowship,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57,  for 
Thomas  K.  Brown,  Westtown,  $4,  to  No.  52,  vol.  57, 
and  for  Richard  W.  Hutton,  Westtown,  $2,  to  No.  6, 
vol.58;  from  Rebecca  P.  Brooks,  Citv,  S2,  vol.  57; 
from  William  C.  Buzhy.N.  J.,  §2,  vol.57  ;  from  Thomas 
Bundv,  (),,  52,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph  E.  Hoopes,  Pa., 
§2,  vol.  57;  from  Henry  W.  Roberts,  N.  J., $2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Jacob  P.  Jones,  City,  §2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Josiah  W. 
Leeds,  Cnv,  $2,  vol.  57,' and  for  Betilah  Leeds,  Del., 
$2.35,  to  No.  52,  vol.  57  ;  from  P.  arson  Hall,  Agent, 
Io.,  for  Nathan  Sattertbwaite.  Joseph  Armstrong,  John 
Oliphant,  Israel  Heald,  and  Abraham  Cuwgill,  $2 
each,  vol.  57,  and  for  Isaac  Worrell,  $3  75,  to  No.  52, 
vol.  57;  from  Tacy  R.  Satlerthwaite,  Pa.,  per  R.  B. 
Lovett,  *2,  vol.  57;  from  Rebecca  E.  Bacon,  Citv,  $2, 
vol.57,  and  for  .lames  Henderson,  R.  I.,  $1,  to  No.  52, 
vol.  57  ;  from  Thomas  F.  Scattergood,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57, 
and  for  Sarah  S.  Scattergood,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Dr. 
George  Thomas,  Pa,  $2,  to  No  24,  vol.  58,  and  for  J. 
Preston  I  nomas,  $2,  to  No.  23,  vol.  58,  and  Charles  T. 
Thomas,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mark  Balderston,  City,  *2, 
vol.  57,  and  for  James  Cole,  Me,  Samuel  A.  Bacon, 
N.  J,  and  Phebe  A.  Elkinton,  City,  -2  each,  vol.  57; 
from  Larkin  Pennell,  Gin,  $2  vol.  57,  and  for  Martha 
L.  Scott,  Pa,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  William  Bishop,  N.  J, 
$2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Eliza  R.  Bishop,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from 
Joseph  Warner  Jones  and  Edward  C.  Jones,  Pa,  $2 
each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Alice  P.  Roberts,  Pa,  t2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Eliza  Stock,  O,  S2  vol.  57  ;  fiom  Amasa  L.  Negus, 
HI,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Asa  <  Jarretson,  Agent,  O,  -2, 
vol.  57,  and  for  Eliza  belli  Wilson,  Sarah  S.  Bundv, 
John  Bundv,  Samuel  Walton,  Jesse  Bailev,  Joseph 
Doudna,  Elizabeth  Bailev,  Elisha  Doudna,  Robert 
Plummer,  Isaac  X.  Yaii,  George  Tatuin,  Beulah 
Roberts,  Barclay  Smith,  Arthur  II.  Smith,  Francis 
Davis,  William  .stanlon,  Esther  Sears,  Sarah  M.  Bailee, 
Joseph  Oowgill,  James  Sleer,  Lydia  H.  Bailey,  Jona- 
than T.  Scolichl,  Dr.  Ephraim  Williams,  Amasa  Frame, 
Rebecca  W.  .Bundv,  John  Thomasson,  Joseph  W. 
Doudna,  Je-se  K.  Livezey,  Jehu  Bailey,  Eli  Stanton, 
Aaron  Frame,  Esther  Wilson,  O,  and  Homer  Gibbons, 
Io,  *2eacli,  vol.  57;  from  Daniel  Smith  O,  $2,  vol. 
57;  from  Jesse  D.  Hockett,  N.  C,  S-2,  vol.  ft'i  ;  from 
Dr.  Isaac  Hue-lis,  Agent,  0,  for  Clarkson  Burgess, 
Abel  W.  Bye,  Eliza  Branson,  Henry  Crew,  Fleming 
Crew,  Ellwood  Dean,  Joseph  Doudna,  Jesse  lliait, 
Amy  John,  James  Kite,  Burwell  Peebles,  Harmon 
Rhodes,  David  Smith,  Ann  Smith,  Thomas  K.  Smith, 
Belinda  11.  Schofield,  Jane  II.  Sears,  Thomas  B.  Van- 
law,  and  Hannah  Ann  Vanlaw,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Richard  II.  Reeve,  N.  J,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Anna 
Spencer.  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Louisa  T.  Anderson, 
Gtn.,   52,  vol.  57.  and  for  Susan  Thompson,    Kv,  S2, 

vol.  57;  from  Th as  Hoyle,  [o,  per  Sarah  V.  Willits, 

*2,   vol.   57;   from    Bar/.ilfai    French,    ( >.,   $2,    vol.   57; 

from  Capl.  William    R I,  Miss,  $2  10,  vol.  57;   from 

Amy  J.  Bi ks,  N,  J,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Si iel  Morris, 

Pa,    *2,    to    No.   27,   vol.  58;    for    Marv  A.  M c,  W. 

Philada,  $2  vol.57:  from  Wilmer  ci.evnev,  Pa,  $2. 
vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua  T.  Billinger,  Agent,  Pa.,  for  Sue 
and  Arthur  Jones  and  Samuel  Jones,  Gtn.,  and  Norria 


I)IEI>, 
I  He,  Bu 
.doved  i 


th  20th,  at  his  residence  near  Mason- 
Co,  N.  J,  Samuel  R.  Wilkins,  a 
and  elder  of  Evesham  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, aged  69  years. 

,7th   month  17th,  1883,  Deborah  Woolman, 

widow  of  the  late  Daniel  Woolman,  in  the  83d  year  of 
her  age,  an  esteemed  member  of  the  Monthly  Meeting 
of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  I,.,-  Northern  District. 

,  8  h  mo.  12ll),  at  bis  residence  in  Mount  Holly, 

N.J,  James  GARDINER,  a  member  of  Mount  Holiy 
Particular  and  Burlington  Monthly  Meeting,  in  the 
85th  year  of  his  age. 

WILLIAM  II.  pile"  PRINTER, 

No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 


A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  NINTH  MONTH  15,  1883. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moueestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

inscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


For  "The    Friend." 

Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  Iron,  page  33.) 

To  his  daughter  A.  S.*  at  Westtown  Boarding 
School. 

"Millville,  Sth  mo.  10th,  1843. 
My  dearehild, — I  received  thy  letter  written 
the  daj"  we  left  Westtown;  and  my  feelings 
have  been  tenderly  touched  in  a  sense  of  the 
goodness  of  our  Heavenly  Father,  who  in  the 
riches  of  his  mercy  is  thus  dealing  with  thee, 
making  thee  sensible  that  it  is  thy  duty  to 
love,  serve,  and  obey  Him.  This  is  the  prin- 
cipal duty  of  our  lives:  and  to  be  brought  to 
a  state  in  which  we  can  do  it  effectually,  is 
the  most  desirable  thing  an}-  of  us  can  possi- 
bly experience.  Thou  art  sensible  already 
that  there  is  something  in  thee  that  does  not 
love  the  fear  of  God,  but  is  constantly  seekin. 


ing  that  it  is  of  his  mercy  He  saveth  us,  by  witnesses  of  the  Truth,  that  '  He  loved  us  bc- 
the  washing  of  regeneration,  and  the  renew-  fore  we  loved  Him.'  What  thou  sayest  about 
ing  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  (Titus  iii.  5.)  Thus  thy  uncertainty  with  respect  to  what  to  do 
when  He  is  pleased  to  draw  near  unto  us  at  and  what  to  leave  undone,  will,  I  think,  find  a 
seasons,  making  himself  known  to  us,  we  are  ready  answer  in  thy  own  mind.  There  is  a 
to  believe  in  Him,  to  join  in  wtCh  his  graeioas  witness  that  shows  this  at  all  times;  ami  when 
visitations,  and  we  shall  at  times  experience  called  upon  to  do  any  thing  not  necessary  or 
asenseofhis  goodness  to  refresh  and  strength- 'useful,  seek  inwardly  to  know  whether  there 
en  us.  These  seasons  we  are  to  remember  as 'will  not  be  more  eomlort  in  abstaining  from 
evidences  that  his  love  is  towards  us,  and  it,  than  pursuing  it.  This  will  keep  thy  mind 
when  tempted  to  despair  of  his  mercy,  we  quiet  and  tender,  and  thou  wilt  witness  a 
should  remember  that  we  wereand  are  always  growth  in  stability  and  m  a  capacity  to  refuse 
unworthy  of  it,  but  that  if  we  still  believe  in  childish  sportsand  vanities ;  and  thence,  while 
and  waitpatiently  for  Him,  He  will  in  his  own  growing  in  grace,  thou  wilt  find  more  pleasure 
o-ood  time  a<rain  favor  us.  Always  bear  this  and  joy  in  communion  with  thy  Heavenly 
iii  mind,  thai  nothing  we  can  do  gives  us  any  .Father,  than  in  all  the  pleasures  ot  this  world. 
ri.rht  to  receive  anything  from  our  Creator;  |  I  have  thus  thrown  a  few  things  together 
but  also  remember,  that  the  eyes  of  the  Lord  as  an  answer  to  tby  letter  ;  and  my  fervent 
are  upon  them  that  fear  Him, "and  his  ears  are  .desire  is  for  thee,  that  thou  may  est  profit  by 
open  to  their  cry.  them,  and  be  engaged  in  humility  and  fear  to 

I  can  truly  sympathize  with  thee  in  thy  ex-  ask  of  thy  Heavenly  father  wisdom  and 
ercises  in  meetings  about  wandering  thoughts,  j  strength  to  walk  in  his  tear  all  the  days  ot 
When  we  go  to  meetings,  our  design  ought  thy  life;  and  remain  tby  loving  father, 


to  be  to  wait  upon  the  Lord  ;  to  endeavor  as 
far  as  may  bo,  to  have  our  thoughts  as  well 
as  bodies  brought  into  stillness;  not  seeking 
to  think  of  anything,  but  endeavor  after  quiet 
dependence  upon  the  Shepherd  of  Israel ;  and 


W.  S." 

To  M.  21.  S. 

"  Millville,  1st  mo.  6th,  1844. 
My  beloved  sister, — 'Whom  I  love  in  the 
Truth.'     There   has   been   an  answer  in  my 
E«    is   pteaserl    to  come  in,  and   brink  and   heart  to  thy  last  communication  ever  since  I 
contrite  our  hearts,  or  to  send  words  of  com- J  received  it;  but  a  multitude  of  outward  cares 
fort  through  his  ministers,  let  us  accept  with  pressing  upon  my  time  and  attention,  seems 
to  escape  from  it  in  the  enjoyment  of  pleasure  thankfulness  the  food  which  He  gives  us,  even   to  have  prevented  my  finding  opportunity  to 
and  levity  ;  and  there  is  a  conflict  in  thy  mind  though  He  may  make  us  at  times  sensible  of  answer  in  this  way.     It  is  not  without  emo- 
what  to  join  with  ;  whether  to  give  up  to  the  our  remaining'  deficiencies,  or  reprove  us  forjtion,  that  I  recur  to  what  has  passed  since 

'  our  indifference  towards  Him.  He  will  not  my  residence,  or  rather  since  my  acquaint- 
do  thus  unless  He  also  teaches  us,  and  helps  'ance  among  my  friends  in  this  locality;  and 
us  to  bow  under  his  band  ;  and  then  He  will  in  an  especial  manner,  when  I  look  at  what 
strengthen  us  to  increase  in  our  love  to  Him,' has  passed  between  us  in  relation  to  matters 


pursuit  of  childish  vanities,  or  to  keep  in  the 
fear  of  thy  Creator.  This  is  what  all  are 
brought  into  at  seasons;  and  much  depends 
upon  the  choice  we  make  as  to  which  we  shall 
join  with.  If  we  suffer  those  tender  feelings 
and  emotions  whereby^  wc  are  drawn  into 
quietness  of  mind,  and  into  the  fear  of  doing 
wrong,  to  have  place  in  our  minds,  if  we  re- 
joice in  having  our  spirits  broken  and  eon- 
trited  before  the  Lord,  He  will  work  for  us 
to  redeem  us  from  the  power  of  sin,  and  from 
the  evil  tendency  of  our  wicked  hearts,  so 
that  although  we  can  do  nothing  of  ourselves, 
He  will  as  we  keep  our  eye  steadfast  to  Him, 
work  for  us  above  all  that  we  can  ask  or 
think.  But  if  on  the  contrary  ' 
put  away  those  tender  restraining  influences. 
we  are  in  danger  of  being  left  to  our  own 
ways,  and  forsaken  entirely.  While  these 
convictions  remain  upon  us,  it  is  a  sure  evi- 
dence that  the  Lord  has  not  forsaken  us ;  for 
when  He  has  left  us  entirely,  we  shall  be  al- 
together dead  and  careless  about  Him. 

Thou  art  well  convinced  that  no  man  can 
save  his  brother,  nor  parents  their  children  ; 
but  it  is  only  as  we  are  each  of  us  engaged  for 
ourselves,  that  we  can  expect  to  obtain  Divine 
favor.  And  as  we  cannot  by  anything  we  can 
do  obtain  this,  so  it  is  to  be  waited  for;  see- 


and  to  be  more  diligent  in  serving  Him.  Butlof  unspeakable  importance  to  us  both,  truly 
if  on  the  contrary,  when  thus  in  meetings,  we  may  we  not  both  find  occasion  to  exclaim, 
endeavor  to  wait  upon  Him,  and  find  our  <  What  hath  God  wrought;'  and  to  bow  our- 
minds  tossed  and  discouraged,  there  is  no  oc-  selves  in  the  dust  in  a  sense  of  that  unspeak- 
casion  to  conclude  that  He  has  forsaken  us,  able  mercy  which  brought  us  up  out  of  the 
for  He  knows  best  what  we  need  ;  and,  as  a  pit,  and  out  of  the  miry  clay,  and  hath  in  some 
tender  father,  portions  out  to  his  children  good  measure  (with  reverence  and  humility 
their  proper  food,  and  in  proper  proportions;  be  it  spoken)  'set  our  feet  upon  a  rock,  and 
so  that  it  is  our  business  to  watch  before  Him, 'established  our  goings.'  *  *  *  '  We  are 
and  be  patient,  even  when  we  are  ready  to  not  our  own,  we  are  bought  with  a  price,'  is 


*  Ann  Scattergood,  eldest  daughter  of  W.  and  E.  C. 
Scattergood,  was  married  to  Mark  Balderston  in  the 
year  1854;  and  deceased  8th  mo.  9th,  1858,  in  the  29th 
year  of  her  age. 


fear,  as  all  are  sometimes,  that  the  Lord  hath 
stifle  and  altogether  forsaken  them. 

Thus,  my  dear  A.,  I  have  endeavored  to 
point  out  a  little  what  I  hope  may  tend  to 
tby  encouragement  under  the  exercise  into 
which  thy  mind  has  been  brought.  What 
thou  hast  expressed  in  thy  letter,  has  been 
the  experience  of  many  thousands  of  the 
Lord's  dear  children  ;  and  it  greatly  behoves 
us  to  keep  hold  of  these  feelings  when  we  are 
favored  with  them;  and  thus  joining  in  with 
the  Lord  in  the  days  of  our  youth,  we  shall 
escape  many  difficulties  and  perplexities  which 
otherwise  continually  hinder  and  distress  us. 
We  shall  be  made  to  feel  that  the  fear  of 
death  is  taken  away,  and  the  sting  of  death 
which  is  sin,  altogether  removed.  We  shall 
come  thus  to  know  the  true  benefit  of  Christ's 
coming  into  the  world,   and    become   living 


a  language  which  we  may  well  adopt,  and 
which" should  stimulate  us  to  a  fresh  and  fer- 
vent engagement'to  'glorify  God  in  our  bodies 
and  in  our  spirits  which  are  God's.'  As  we 
are  engaged  to  do  this  in  humble  dependence 
upon  Him  for  help,  we  shall,  I  believe,  wit- 
ness enlargement  of  heart  in  his  fear,  and  a 
capacity  will  be  afforded,  when  sufficiently 
stripped  of  ourselves,  to  labor  as  passive  in- 
struments in  his  hand  for  the  good  of  others. 
It  is  a  great  favor  and  a  great  honor  thus  to 
be  called  upon  ;  and  we  have  much  reason  to 
yield  ourselves  unto  Him  who  hath  called  us 
from  our  youth  up;  who  hath  borne  with  our 
negligence  and  rebellion  against  Him,  and 
who  now  in  mercy  is  leading  us  and  guiding 
us  for  his  name's  sake.  O  let  us  learn  yet 
more  and  more  to  trust  in  Him  and  be  faith- 
ful to  Him,  being  willing  again  and  again  to 


42 


THE    FRIEND. 


go  down  into  baptism  and  suffering,  that  all 
that  remains  in  us  which  is  for  the  fire  may 
be  given  to  the  fire,  and  that  which  is  for  the 
sword  to  the  sword.  This  is  most  essential; 
and  as  we  are  in  good  earnest,  willing  to  be 
again  and  again  broken  to  pieces,  we  shall,  in 
our  measure,  witness  Him,  our  gracious  High 
Priest  and  Mediator,  made  unto  us  wisdom, 
righteousness,  sanctification,  and  redemption. 
I  think  I  can  in  some  measure  appreciate 
thy  allusion  to  what  are  a  woman's  feelings  in 
relation  to  this  important  public  engagement. 
Ah,  m y  sister,  is  not  this  the  root  and  ground 
of  much  of  the  difficulty,  and  is  it  not  the 
suggestion  of  the  old  nature  that  does  not 
want  to  be  crucified  and  laid  in  the  dust?  Be 
willing  to  lay  all  this  at  the  feet  of  thy  Re- 
deemer, and  to  say,  Here  am  I,  do  unto  me 
what  seemeth  good  unto  thee!  And  He  will 
make  all  as  easy  as  thou  canst  desire  or  wish  ; 
and  in  true  subjection  to  Him,  that  liberty 
will  be  found  which  removes  the  slavish  fear 
of  man,  and  makes  us  able  boldly  to  advocate 
his  cause  before  the  people.  Neither  let  us 
be  concerned,  my  dear  friend  and  sister,  as  to 
the  opinions  or  judgment  of  our  families  or 
friends  respecting  us.  We  must  look  higher 
for  approbation  than  that;  and  as  we  do  so, 
we  shall  find  in  keeping  a  secret  watch  upon 
our  own  hearts — every  thought  of  which,  as 
well  as  the  words  of  our  mouths  are  to  be 
brought  into  judgment — that  the  secrets  of 
the  Lord  are 'with  them  that  fear  Him,  and 
that  '  deep  humility  is  a  strong  bulwark  ;  and 
as  we  enter  into  it,  wo  shall  find  safety  and 
true  exaltation.'     *     *     *  " 

(To  be  continued.) 


e  Mongols. 

(Continued  from  page  34.) 

Tea  in  Mongolia  ranks,  not  as  a  luxury, 
but  as  a  necessaiy  of  life  ;  the  quantity  con- 
sumed is  immense.  The  wThole  of  the  article 
used  in  vast  districts  of  Mongolia  finds  its 
way  into  the  country  through  Kalgan,  from 
which  point  it  is  convej-ed  to  different  trading 
centres  by  camel  caravans,  or  trains  of  ox- 
carts. This  business  of  carrying  tea  attracts 
Mongols,  with  their  travelling  cattle,  from  all 
parts  of  Mongolia. 

■'In  addition  to  what  is  used  in  Mongolia, 
there  also  passes  through  Kalgan  the  whole 
of  the  tea  which  finds  its  way  into  Siberiaand 
Russia  through  Kiachta.  A  part  of  this  trade 
is  in  the  hands  of  the  Russians  themselves, 
who  always  maintain  agents  at  Kalgan  to  re- 
ceive tea  as  it  comes  from  the  south,  and  for- 
ward it  to  the  north.  These  agents  live  in 
Kalgan  outside  the  gate,  but  space  is  so 
scarce  in  the  mountain  gorges,  where  their 
abodes  are,  that  a  great  part  of  the  tea  lias 
to  be  sent  up  over  the  pass  and  stored  out  on 
the  open  plain.  Poles  are  laid  under  to  keep 
it  clear  of  the  ground  and  i'we.  from  damp; 
the  chests  are  piled  up  in  long,  broad  ridges, 
which  are  carefully  covered  in  with  reed 
mats,  two  or  three  thicknesses  of  which  are 
practically  waterproof,  and  the  quantity  some- 
times Stored   up  thus,  waiting   tor  transport, 

a  village,  with  streets  and  lanes.      Should  the 

quantity  of  tea  be  unusually  large,  or  should 
it  need  to  be  sent  off  quickly,  a  higher  price 
is  .it],  red  for  transporting  it;  and  one.  season, 
nut  lung  ago,  the  number  of  (diesis  waiting 
for  conveyance  was  so  great,  and  the  price 
offered  for  carrying  it  so  high,  that  lor  a  few 


months  oxen  and  ox-carts  were  bought  and 
sold  at  nearly  double  their  ordinary  value. 
The  tea  thus  forwarded  by  ox-cart  is  for  the 
most  part  the  coarse  brick  tea  used  in  North 
Mongolia  and  Siberia,  the  finer  sorts  of  over- 
land tea  used  in  Russia  being  usually  trans- 
ported across  the  desert  on  camel-back." 

James  Gilmour  speaks  from  experience  of 
the  comfort  of  a  draught  of  tea,  after  being 
without  drink  for  eighteen  hours,  when  cross- 
ing the  Desert  of  Gobi,  which  is  a  high  table 
land.  After  traversing  it  for  many  hours,  he 
says,  "  We  suddenly  came  upon  a  stretch  of 
ground  almost  literally  covered  with  the  far- 
famed  stones  of  Gobi.  The  prevailing  color 
was  a  kind  of  misty,  half-transparent  white, 
exactly  like  arrowroot  or  cornflour  prepared 


change  of  snuff-bottles,  and  then  hot  tea    ] 
handed  him. 

When  our  author  was  travelling  over  thosjj 
wilds,  with  a  Mongol  guide,  on  one  occal 
sion  they  found  no  stopping  place  till  aflei 
night.  "  Some  distance  off  there  was  a  strealj 
slightly  blacker  than  the  rest  of  the  darkness 
As  we  approached  it,  dogs  began  to  barkl 
tent-doors  opened,  and  fires  gleamed.  W 
were  soon  seated  by  the  bright  fire  of  a  lama'  | 
tent.  After  snuff  bottles  bad  been  exchangl 
ed,  and  the  customary  questions  asked  an(] 
answered  about  the  personal  health  and  com) 
fort  of  our  host,  and  the  peace  and  pi-osperitj 
of  his  flocks  ;  and  he,  on  the  other  hand,  hac 
been  informed  who  we  were,  where  we  wen 
going  and  how  our  cattle  stood  the  journey 


with  water  only.  Besides  these  were  stones  \  my  lama  guide  ventured  to  ask  if  there  wouk 
of  other  colors,  including,  if  I  remember :be  room  for  us  to  sleep  in  his  tent, 
aright,  red,  green,  and  blue.  It  was  like  a  Our  lama  host  did  not  seem  altogethe: 
fairy  scene.  The  stones  were  strewn  almostlpleased  at  the  request,  and  answered,  'law 
as  thickly  as  they  could  lie.  Seen  under \afra id  not.'  His  fear  seemed  quite  natural 
other  circumstances,  we  might  have  brought | The  tent  was  small,  and  pretty  well  filled  u\ 
away  samples  of  them,  but,  as  we  then  were  round  the  north  part  with  boxes,  and  the  al 
situated,  neither  of  us  cared  a  straw  for  them.  Jtar  upon  which  a  butter-lamp  was  then  burn 
The  Mongol  muttered  something  about  a^ing.  Most  of  the  west  side  was  taken  up  bj 
place  where  better  stone  could  be  found/ a  lamb-fold,  and  the  east  side,  in  addition  tc 
This  he  did,  I  suppose,  afraid  lest  I  should  j  the  usual  quantity  of  pots,  water-holders,-  anc 
dismount  to  pick  up  specimens.  If  so,  his  milk-vessels,  that  cumber  that  part,  had  s 
device  was  superfluous.  It  was  not  stones  I  thriving  calf  tied  up,  which  for  lack  of  somej 
wanted,  but  the  delicious,  dirty  Mongol  tea.rthing  better  to  do,  kept  licking  with  evident 
Just  when  I  began  to  fear  that  the  utmost  j  relish  everything  it  could  reach.  There  see  mi 
limit  of  endurance  was  almost  reached,  hav-jed  to  be  little  enough  room  for  three  people 
ing  drunk  nothing  for  eighteen  hours,  the  to  sleep,  how  then  could  other  two  find 
roof  of  a  tent  was  espied  at  last,  and  we  were  room? 

soon  seated  inside,  drinking  tea.  My  lama,  nothing  daunted,  replied  that  I 

To  any  one  who  has  not  experienced  a  long- j  was  not  proud  or  troublesome,  and  could  do 
continued,  fierce,  burning,  desert  thirst,  it  is  with  very  little  room  ;  and  it  was  finally  set- 
quite  impossible  to  convey  may  idea  of  the  re-  'tied  that  I  should  sleep  where  I  was,  and  my 
lief  that  tea  brings.  Its  virtues  are  wonder-  guide  should  sleep  in  a  neighboring  tent, 
ful.  It  is  itself  wretched  stuff.  No  civilized  .This  arranged,  we  drank  our  tea,  the  neigh- 
man  in  any  civilized  country  would  drink  it.  bors  came  in  to  see  us,  our  host  soon  thawed, 
But  in  the  desert  it  is  a  different  thing.  The  and  he  and  I  engaged  in  conversation,  while 
frank  welcome  and  the  tea,  which  is  given  un-  my  guide  superintended  the  cooking  of  our 
asked,  and  as  a  matter  of  course,  seem  to  revive  dinner. 

Nature's  exhausted  powers,  and  speedily  put  Ourhostproved  moreintelligeutthan  lamas 
to  flight  the  remembrances  of  a  painful  ride,  usually  are,  and  could  read  Mongolian — a  very 
It  may  seem  strange  that  a  hungry  man  extraordinary  thing  for  a  priest.  When  I 
should  sit  down  and  drink  mere  tea,  '  empty ! produced  mj'  satchel  of  gospels,  catechisms, 
tea,' as  the  Mongols  would  call  it,  without  .and  tracts,  he  handed  me  a  book  he  had  been 
bread  or  accompaniments  of  any  kind,  but  it  reading  just  before  dinner." 


is  the  proper  thing  to  do.  It  removes  fatigue 
restores  vigor,  and  takes  off  the  rage  of  hun- 
ger without  impairing  the  appetite." 

This  offering  of  tea  to  travellers  is  a  uni- 
versal custom,  and  probably  grows  out  of  the 
fact  that  there  are  no  rivers  in  Mongolia,  and 
that  travellers  are  dependent  on  private  houses 
for  shelter  and  refreshment.  On  Hearing  a 
tent,  the  stranger  is  expected  to  approach  in 
front  of  it  to  speaking  distance.  He  then 
stops  and  shouts  nohoi  (dog).  At  this  cry 
the  people  in  the  tent  are  bound  by  law  to 
come  out  and  protect  the  traveller,  for  the 
Mongol  dogs  are  very  savage.  Until  thoy 
receive  this  protection,  horsemen  keep  in  the 
saddle;  foot  travellers  keep  the  dogs  at  bay 
as  best  the)'  can  with  a  couple  of  sticks.  Two 
or  three  women  and  children  probably  como 
out,  scold  off  the  tamer  animals,  and  sit  down 
on  the  fiercer  ones,  while  the  travellers  hurry 
in:  being  careful  to  leave,  their  sticks  and 
whips  outside  of  tin'  door,  for  it  is  considered 
quite  insulting  to  take  them  in.  "What  use 
have  you  for  your  whips  and  sticks  inside  the 
tent?  Outside  you  keep  oil'  the  dogs  ;  here, 
are  you  going  to  heat  us  in  our  own  tents?" 
After  bcinir  seated,  the  first  thiny  is  an  inter- 


"  While  we  ate,  our  host  applied  himself  to 
the  Gospel  I  had  given  him,  and  he  could 
make  it  out  very  well  indeed.  He  asked 
many  questions  about  Christ  and  our  religion, 
and  this  gave  ample  opportunity  of  explain- 
ing to  him  and  to  all  in  the  tent  the  way  of 
salvation  through  Christ. 

After  a  good  deal  of  interesting  conversa- 
tion on  this  subject,  the  time  for  sleep  arriv- 
ed. My  guide  went  off  to  the  other  tent,  and 
my  host  pointed  out  my  place  of  rest  between 
the  lambs  and  the  fire.  I  rolled  myself  in  my 
sheep-skin  blanket,  and  found  that  the  place 
given  me  was  just  large  enough;  no  more.  I 
could  see  no  place  for  the  lama  to  sleep;  and 
on  asking  him  what  he  meant  to  do,  ho  said 
he  had  to  sit  up  and  watch  a  cow  that  was 
expected  to  calve.  The  cold  is  so  great,  that 
a  newly-born  calf  exposed  all  night  is  frozen 
to  death.  The  lama  settled  himself  on  the 
south-east  of  the  fire,  took  the  Gospel  in  his 
one  hand,  and  with  his  other  hand  from  time 
to  time  kept  throwing  argols  on  the  fire  to 
keep  up  lighl  enough  to  read  with.  Though 
very  tired,  1  could  not  sleep  except  for  :i  tew 
minutes  at  a  time,  and  always  when  I  woke 
up  there  was  tho  lama  reading  slowly  away 


THE    FRIEND. 


43 


lore       Feeling   deeply   on    this    matter,    I    spoke 
warmly,  and  expressed  my  belief  that  be  and 


at  the  Gospel,  and  always  adding  a  few 
argols  to  keep  up  the  light." 

"All  night  through  this  man  kept  reading,  [others' who  sympathized"  with    him   on   th 
out  at  intervals  to  see   bis  cow;  andjsubject,  were  seeking  to  bring  about  a  state 

our  country  which  would  in  the 

lost  disastrous  to  our  national  wel- 

off  to  sleep,  and  we  got  up  and  prepared  to  fare,  and  especially  prove  one  of  the  greatest 


when  dawn  began  to  come,  and  people  from  of  things  in 
the  other  tents  began  to  move  about,  he  went  end  be  most 


dep 


(Tol 


Source  of  Trouble. 

In  a  recent  conversation  with  an  aged 
friend,  (Nicholas  S.,)  allusion  was  made  to 
the  varied  joys  and  sorrows,  hopes  and  fears 
incident  to  human  life,  when  my  friend  at 
last  referred  to  the  neighborhood  in  which  he 
resided  ;  such  a  neighbor  being  a  model  of  a 
Christian;  another,  less  circumspect  in  this 
direction,  never  had  much  difficulty  with  any 
of  them;  but,  said  he,  "my  great  trouble  lies 
here."  placing  his  hand  upon  his  breast,  "the 
trouble  with  old  Nick  himself;  if  he  were  only 

bt,  all  other  troubles,  as  the  morning  dew 
before  the  sultry  sun,  would  flee  away." 

What  a  volume  of  truth  is  here!  As  the 
stream  depends  upon  the  fountain  from  which 
it  proceeds,  so  from  the  heart  flow  our  thoughts, 
words  and  deeds.  The  troubles  of  life  arise 
not  so  much  from  outward  circumstances  as 
from  within.  Tbey  are  mainly  but  reflections  |a"u 
evils  of  the  heart.     Unto  the  pure  all  \ye 


of 

things  are  pure.     If  we  would  be  at  peace 

th  mankind  we  must  first  seek  to  have 
peace  in  ourselves.  Some  physical  or  mental 
disorganization  may  cause  all  our  beautiful 
surroundings  to  appear  dark  and  unlovely, 
and  magnify  mole-bills  to  mountains.  .Re- 
move the  cause  and  the  effect  will  cease. 

Let  each  of  us  endeavor  to  investigate  the 
matter,  as  with  the  light  of  God's  Spirit,  and 
see  if  there  be  any  trouble  within  ;  if  all  is 
pure  and  right  there.  "  Why  beholdest  thou 
the  mote  that  is  in  thy  brother's  eye  and  eon- 
sidercst  not  the  beam  that  is  in  thine  own 
eye?"  There  will  be  sufficient  time  to  attend 
to  our  neighbor's  garden  when  our  own  is  free 
from  weeds.  Should  the  work  of  the  Lord  be 
retarded,  as  we  seek  out  the  Acban  or  Jonah, 
let  the  inquiry  be  made  by  each  individual 
heart,  "Lord,  is  it  I?"  Search  me,  O  God, 
and  know  me,  and  see  if  there  be  any  evil  way 
in  me,  and  lead  me  in  the  ways  of  truth  ever- 
lasting. O.  A.  Pratt. 

Greene,  N.  Y. 

The  Thin  End  of  the  Wedge. 

A  few  years  before  the  death  of  the  late 
Mark  Lemon,  the  well-known  editor  of  Punch, 
the  writer  had  the  pleasure  of  travelling  with 
him  on  the  railroad  from  London  Bridge  to 
the  Three  Bridges  Station  on  the  Brighton 
line.  Lemon's  request  to  the  inspector,  "let 
us  be  alone,"  secured  the  compartment  to  our- 
selves. This  led  to  much  frank  and  interest- 
ing conversation  between  us.  After  various 
topics  had  been  discussed,  such  as  improved 
dwellings  for  working-men,  the  better  educa- 
tion of  the  poor,  &c.,  the  writer  remarked  : — 

"There  are  many  good  things  you  have 
furthered,  by  means  of  your  pen  and  the  shaft 
of  ridicule;  but  there  is  one  thing  in  which 
you  have  always  been  on  the  wrong  side." 

"  What  is  that?"  he  asked  eagerly. 

"  You  seem  never  to  have  lost  an  oppor- 
tunity of  throwing  ridicule  on  those  who 
earnestly  labor  to  prevent  what  you  and 
others  wish  to  see  in  this  country,  viz. — a 
Continental  Sunday." 


wrongs  ever  inflicted  on  the  working  classes 
Lemon  replied  with  great  frankness  : — 

"  Well,  now,  jou  speak  very  plainly ;  but  I 
like  to  hear  a  fellow  do  so,  when  I  feel  sure 
that  he  is  honest  and  believes  what  he  says, 
although  I  differ  from  him.  Go  on — I  am 
listening." 

The  writer  continued  :  "On  this  question, 
I  believe  the  working  men  of  this  country  are 
sounder  than  many  professing  Christians,  and 
that  they  are  wide  awake  to  the  fact  that  if  the 
barriers  which  surround  the  [First-day]  in 
this  country  were  broken  down,  ultimately 
they  would  have  to  do  seven  days'  work  for 
six  days'  pay." 

With  a  smiling  face  Lemon  said:  "Now  I 
will  make  a  confession  to  you  which  I  have 
not  made  to  others.  Some  time  ago  I  got  up 
a  petition  in  favor  of  the  opening  of  the  British 
Museum  on  [First-day,]  and  sent  into  our 
printing  office  for  the  men  to  sign,  when,  judge 
of  my  astonishment,  the  foreman  came  to  me 
and  said,  '  If  you  please,  sir,  do  you  press  for 

„  „. giving  of  this  petition  ?  For,  unless  you 
I  do,  the  men   had  rather  not  sign  it.'     'What 


sign 

in  the  world  do  tbey  mean  by  that?  Why, 
it's  tor  their  benefit  that  we  want  the  museums 
opened !'  '  Well,  sir,'  replied  the  foreman. 
1  the  men  think  that  would  not  be  the  end  of 
it — it  would  only  be  the  thin  end  of  the  wedge, 
and  that,  before  long,  workshops,  offices,  and 
all  kinds  of  places  as  well  as  museums,  would] 
be  open  too.'  Now,"  added  Lemon,  "that 
petition  was  never  signed.  The  conduct  of 
the  men  made  a  strange  impression  on  my 
mind,  and  I  honestly  acknowledge  that  it- 
furnishes  a  strong  fact  for  your  side  of  the 
question." 

From  the  day  of  our  interview  until  his 
death,  I  never  heard  of  Lemon  having  penned 
an  unkind  line  against  the  better  observance 
of  the  [First-day.] — Selected. 


For 


"He  maketh  the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  Him." 

History  abounds  in  evidences  of  the  truth 
of  this  text.  The  follies  and  vices,  the  exhibi- 
tions of  violent  passions  and  insane  ambitions, 
have  brought  about  many  changes  that  have 
redounded  to  the  permanent  benefit  of  man- 
kind ;  and  we  have,  from  this  consideration, 
learned  that  however  strong  the  tide  towards 
evil  and  extreme  courses  may  for  a  season 
appear  to  run,  a  time  will  eventually  take 
place,  that  will  assuredly  bring  with  it  the 
wrecks  of  ungodly,  ambitious  and  unhol}' 
schemes.  A  striking  illustration  of  this  posi- 
tion may  be  seen  in  the  manner  in  which  the 
long  continued  and  persistent  efforts  of  "anti- 
Christ"  to  establish  a  permanent  kingdom  in 
opposition  to  the  pure  kingdom  of  Christ, 
have  been  thwarted  by  their  very  excesses. 

The  Jesuits  have  been  the  most  active,  per- 
sistent and  unprincipled  agents  in  the  work 
of  evil.  They  have  made  prodigious  efforts 
to  mould  the  mind  and  heart  and  will  of  man 
into  one  form  of  "  church,"  which  they  vainly 
hoped  would  sway  the  world.  Mark  a  few 
of  the  consequences  of  this  course,  and  observe 
their  influence  upon  French  and  Italian  his- 
tory. 


In  these  kingdoms  they  have  been  the  plan- 
ning mind  of  every  effort  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  power  over  the  people,  and  the  sup- 
pression of  free  ideas;  though  they  ma}T  not 
have  been  the  open  and  obvious  agents  in  con- 
summating the  deeds  of  villainy  that  have 
fixed  the  stigma  of  ineffaceable  disgrace  upon 
these  fair  lands. 

To  go  no  further  back  than  to  the  era  of 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  which 
was  a  violation  of  solemn  agreement  with 
the  advanced  religious  thinkers  of  that  day, 
we  may  see  how  the  Jesuits  urged  the  in- 
famous Catharine  and  her  feeble  son,  to  the 
slaughter  of  the  best  men  of  France.  The 
flower  of  France,  was  in  the  slaughter  of  St. 
Bartholomew  lost  forever,  and  thousands  were 
at  this  time  driven  into  exile  to  the  perma- 
nent injury  of  the  industries  of  the  State. 
More  than  this,  on  that  day  France  "  lost  her 
moral  sense,"  and  has  since  sat  in  spiritual 
darkness,  the  prey  of  evil  in  every  form. 

The  triumph  the  Jesuits  gained  by  the  de- 
struction of  the  Protestant  element  in  France, 
enabled  them  to  fasten  their  methods  more 
firmly  upon  the  neck  of  her  sons,  and  to  exert 
a  controlling  influence  in  every  activity — po- 
litical, civil  and  religious.  Having  driven 
out  or  destroyed  the  virtuous  and  the  inde- 
pendent and  advanced  thinkers,  whose  pre- 
sence would  have  restrained  the  unprincipled 
king  and  his  lascivious  court,  his  infamous 
tax-collectors  and  farmers-general,  the}'  pre- 
pared the  path  that  led  to  the  brink  of  de- 
struction, and  to  all  the  appalling  conse- 
quences that  have  resulted.  "The  mills  of 
the  gods  grind  very  slow,  but  they  grind  ex- 
ceeding fine." 

The  French  Revolution  of  1793,  brought 
about  in  part  by  reaction  against  Jesuit  sway, 
prepared  the  way  for  the  rise  of  Napoleon 
and  the  mighty  changes  in  human  affairs  that 
followed.  Among  other  changes  thus  brought 
about  was  the  destruction  of  the  Inquisition, 
which  had  been  the  right  hand  of  Jesuit 
power.  It  also  struck  the  most  powerful 
blow  that  had  yet  been  given  to  the  feudal 
system  that  heid  the  people  enthralled.  It 
prepared  the  way  for  revolution  after  revolu- 
tion, and  has,  aided  by  many  adjuvants,  opened 
the  modern  world  for  the  reception  of  light. 

The  first  Napoleon  having  run  his  course 
of  crime  through  the  field  of  the  world,  rank 
with  the  weeds  of  Jesuitism  and  Feudalism, 
sank  into  impotence,  chained  by  the  powers 
I  that  had  despoiled  him  of  the' fruits  of  his 
'ravages.  The  weak  Bourbons  again  came 
I forward — for  their  role  had  not  yet  been  fully 
[played.  "Learning  nothing  and  forgetting 
nothing,"  they  were  true  to  their  past  record, 
and  further  aided  the  cause  of  humanity  and 
right,  even  by  their  stupidities.  Revolution 
again  awoke,  and  the  empty  and  uncertain 
people,  without  principle,  and  "  unstable  as 
water,"  veering  with  every  wind  of  passion 
and  sentiment,  accepted  an  assumed  nephew 
of  the  first  Napoleon,  and  in  their  weakness 
elected  him  to  be  their  ruler.  His  oppor- 
tunity came,  and  being  without  moral  re- 
straint— a  defect  characteristic  of  all  men  in 
whom  the  sense  of  conscience  has  been  hushed 
by  the  wiles  of  Jesuitism  and  false  teachings 
of  a  false  church — he  early  violated  his  pledges 
and  perjured  himself  openly  to  the  world, 
assumed  the  state  of  an  emperor  in  petty  imi- 
tation of  the  first  Napoleon,  who  had  some 
great  qualities,  and  became  Napoleon  the 
little,    as   most   truly   named.     His  knavery 


•n 


THE    FRIEND. 


however  was  stupendous,  but  he  fell  a  victim 
to  the  snares  he  had  spread  for  others. 

France,  in  open  violation  of  the  solemn 
pledges  of  her  constitution,  had  perjured  her- 
self." Binding  herself  to  respect  the  will  of 
every  people,  and  not  to  interfere  in  the  in- 
ternal policy  of  any,  she  sent  military  aid  to 
the  Pope,  and  assisted  him  in  subduing  his 
discontented  and  opposing  people.  The  ac- 
ceptance of  this  assistance  but  more  deeply 
aroused  the  indignation  of  the  subjects  of  the 
Pope,  and  prepared  for  his  ultimate  and  com- 
plete rejection,  and  for  the  advent  of  his  con- 
queror. 

Louis  Napoleon,  lured  by  the  Piedmontcse 
king,  by  offer  of  Savoy  to  France  in  return 
for  aid  against  Austria,  took  the  bait  and 
turned  his  arms  against  that  power,  and  as- 
sisted the  Piedmontcse  in  gaining  signal  vic- 
tories. These  successes  added  immensely  to 
the  prestige  of  Victor  Emanuel;  the  oppor- 
tune entrance  of  Garibaldi  upon  the  sceno, 
further  aided  in  the  consummation  to  be  de- 
sired— the  subjection  of  the  Bourbon  kingdom 
in  Italy,  and  the  suppression  of  Jesuit  sway. 
Napoleon,  ignorant  of  the  condition  of  his 
forces  and  of  the  thorough  preparation  of  his 
enemy,  having  unwisely  brought  on  a  trial  of 
strength  and  military  skill,  fell  a  victim  to 
his  folly.  Having  recalled  his  troops  that  had 
long  defended  the  Pope  against  his  own  peo- 
ple, and  become  a  prisoner  to  Germany,  the 
way  was  opened  for  the  entrance  of  Victor 
Emanuel  into  Pome,  and  within  a  few  weeks 
after  the  downfall  of  Napoleon  the  Pope  also 
succumbed  and  was  relegated  to  a  corner. 

That  the  evils  of  the  French  revolution  and 
the  changes  that  have  followed  were  of  the 
Jesuits'  choosing  we  do  not  imagine.  They 
no  doubt  sought  to  settle  into  calm  repose  all 
the  activities  of  thought  and  progress,  and  to 
crystallize  all  knowledge  and  all  religious 
sentiment  into  unquestioning  submission  to 
the  empire  they  had  built  upon  the  ruins  of 
the  human  mind.  But  it  is  not  the  Jesuits 
that  rule  in  the  earth.  "Man  proposes  but 
God  disposes."  The  divinely  appointed  des- 
tinjT  of  the  nations  is  to  rise  from  the  lowT  and 
animal  and  unthinking,  towards  the  highest 
good,  toward  "the  heavenly-mindedness  of 
the  saints." 

The  Jesuits,  the  pronounced  enemies  of  all 
progress,  who  even  now  are  making  pro- 
digious efforts  to  stay  the  advancing  cause 
of  humanity  toward  the  highest  happiness 
possible  on  earth,  may  howl  as  the  govern- 
ment draws  more  and  more  closely  its  sup- 
pressive cords  around  them,  but  they  have 
brought  all  the  punishment  upon  themselves. 
They  havo  sowed  the  wind  and  must  reap 
the  whirlwind.  "Their  violent  dealing  has 
come  down  upon  their  own  pate."  "Truly 
He  maketh  the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  Him." 
^  J.  S.  L. 

Selected  for  "  The  Friend." 

"London,  5th  mo.  22nd,  1816.— The  select 
Yearly  Meeting  met.  *  *  *  Some  tender 
cautions  were  given,  with  respect  to  those 
benevolent  associations,  in  which  members 
of  our  Society  are  now  so  conspicuous. 
There  was  a  fear  in  some  minds,  even  while 
thej-  rejoiced  in  the  spreading  of  knowledge, 
the  distribution  of  the  Scriptures  and  tho  in- 
struction of  the  poor,  lest  a  danger  might 
secretly  lurk  in  the  pleasure  received  from 
eloquent  speeches  and  Mowing  language,  at 
the  public  meetings  of  these  associations  ;  es- 


pecially lest  our  dear  young  friends  should 
thereby  lose  their  relish  for  simplicity,  and 
be  gradually  drawn  from  the  love  of  silent 
waiting  in  our  meetings  for  worship;  that 
waiting  wherein  they  may  know  Jesus  to  be 
in  the  midst,  teaching  as.  never  man  taught; 
and  by  whom  we  have  access  to  the  Father. 
There  was  much  worthy  of  observation  in 
these  remarks." — From  "Memoir  of  Mary 
Capper." 

Query  :  Have  not  events  proved  that  there 
was  "a  cause"  for  such  words  of  caution? 


For  "The  Friend." 

ONE  YEAR  AGO. 
One  year  ago — and  from  our  household  altar, 

A  presence  dear  had  flown, — 
The  brave,  true  spirit  that  did  never  falter, 

Went  up  unto  God's  throne. 

One  year  ago — and  yet  we  gaze  in  sadness 

Upon  this  vacant  chair, — 
The  voice  so  cheering,  and  the  smile  of  gladness, 

.Still  will  our  memory  bear. 

One  year  ago— how  like  a  sweet  sound  dying 

To  echoes,  far  away, 
The  blessed  influence  of  the  life  that's  lying 

All  in  the  past  to-day 

Comes  to  us  softly  'mid  the  world's  commotion, 

Its  endless  toil  and  din, 
With  the  bright  record  of  its  pure  devotion 

Alluring  back  from  sin. 

The  cycle  rounded  in  its  varied  beauty, 

As  passed  the  seasons  on, — 
Still  strove  we  feebly  in  the  path  of  duty 

To  walk,  tho'  he  had  gone. 

To  us  it  brought  an  inner  sense  of  sorrow, 

Where'er  our  pathway  lay, 
While  swiftly  dawned  upon  each  coming  morrow 

The  cares  of  yesterday. 

But  unto  him,  what  glorious  revelation 

Burst  on  the  spirit's  sight, 
As  Faith  beheld  its  blissful  consummation 

In  the  bright  Land  of  Light. 

Oft,  when  the  silence  and  the  calm  come  o'er  us, 

I  bend  in  thought  to  hear 
The  swelling  anthem  of  that  mighty  chorus, 

His  voice  is  joining  clear. 

At  times,  when  wearied  with  life's  cares,  I  enter 

The  dear  familiar  room, 
Within  whose  precincts  there  can  never  enter 

One  memory  of  gloom. 

Beside  the  window  is  the  Bible  lying 

Upon  the  old  low  stand, — 
I  turn  the  pages  fraught  with  life  undying, 

With  slow  and  reverent  hand. 

And  all  the  while  a  presence  seems  to  hover, 

Bringing  a  restful  calm — 
Again  I  hear  the  loved  voice  chanting  over 

A  sweet  and  favorite  Psalm. 

Oh  !  may  the  light  his  life  behind  is  casting, 

Fade  nevermore  away, 
But  be  our  beacon  upward,  ever  lasting 

Unto  the  clearer  day. 

And  grant,  oh  1  Giver  of  our  every  blessing, 

For  his  sake,  we  may  be 
Yet  made  to  render  unto  thee  thanksgiving, 

With  voice  of  melody. 

"  To  Every  Man  his  Work,"  Mark  xiii.  34.— 
While  many  are  running  to  and  fro  in  the 
earth,  in  order  that  knowledge  may  be  in- 
creased, the  retired  humble  Christian  believer. 
who  finds  no  power  to  go  forth,  and  can  only 
rejoice  with  trembling,  may,  by  secret  and 
sincere  prayer,  be  instrumental  in  the  promo- 
tion of  truth  and  righteousness. — M.  Capper. 

When  in  difficulty,  first  seek  Divine  aid, 
and  then,  under  its  influence,  endeavor  to  help 

thyself. 


Subjection  and  Obedience. 

"  Whom  ye  obe}r,  his  servants  ye  are.1 
Christ,  the  Prince  of  Peace  and  Light,  ruletl 
in  the  children  of  obedience.  Satan,  th( 
prince  of  war  and  darkness,  ruletb  in  th< 
children  of  disobedience  to  their  God  anc 
Creator,  who  is  the  true  ruler  and  upboldei 
of  the  creation.  Those  of  the  children  o 
men  that  are  in  alienation  from  the  God  o: 
love,  and  not  subject  and  obedient  to  hit 
Light  in  themselves,  love  the  ways  of  tin 
righteousness  and  transgression,  and  wall) 
therein  ;  and  though  they  often  experienc< 
that  they  serve  a  bard  master,  and  that  tht 
way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard,  still  thej 
don't  mind  the  Light,  which  shineth  in  dark 
ness,  but  go  onwards,  not  willing  to  be  obedi' 
ent  to  Christ,  the  Light;  not  willing  to  have; 
Him  to  rule  over  them.  The  earth  and  earth- 
ly things  cover  them, — they  have  their  spir- 
itual eyes  closed,  and  if  they  be  opened  in  aj 
measure,  they  are  covered  with  dust,  so  they 
cannot  see.  And  as  they  go  forth  in  disoba 
dience  to  Him  who  stretcheth  forth  hie 
hands  in  mercy  and  love  all  the  day  long, 
they  will  lose  all  the  Light,  it  will  be  taken 
from  them,  and  given  to  those  that  are  sub- 
ject and  obedient  to  the  Divine  Light  in  alii 
its  holy  reprovings  and  teachings.  Then  it 
will  become  a  lamentable  delusion  to  the  dis- 
obedient ones,  that  nothing  exists  but  what 
is  natural;  and  even  when  they  see  and  be- 
hold the  wickedness,  which  flows  as  a  conse- 
quence of  alienation  from  God  and  following 
of  the  prince  of  darkness;  and  even  when 
the3'  see  and  behold  the  good  deeds,  love  and 
kindness  of  the  subjects  of  the  divine  king- 
dom, who  are  the  people  brought  in  by  the 
eternal  and  saving  Light  into  subjection  and 
obedience  to  God;  still  thej-  cannot,  or  will 
not,  give  such  appearance  any  attention, — 
not  considering  it,  not  knowing  what  light 
is,  or  what  darkness  is.  Oh,  no!  The  light 
is  a  mystery  to  them, — the  darkness  is  a  mys- 
tery to  them  !  Light  and  darkness  seem  not 
to  exist  for  them.  They  live  onl}'  in  the 
creatures  and  the  lusts  of  the  world,  devour- 
ing the  creation. 

Well,  "  Whom  ye  obey,  his  servants  yc  are." 
And,  "  Ye  cannot  serve  two  masters."  The 
Prince  of  Light,  Pighteousness  and  Peace,  is 
a  king  over  Jacob's  house  forever,  and  to  his 
reign  is  no  end.  His  subjects  are  obedient 
subjects,  and  they  live  in  his  kingdom  of 
Light,  Peace  and  Pighteousness  forever. 
When  a  house  or  a  kingdom  is  divide! 
against  itself,  it  cannot  stand.  In  Christ's 
kingdom  is  no  division,  because  subjection 
and  obedience  to  the  King's  rules  and  com- 
mandments are  the  only  desires  and  delights 
of  his  people.  An  outward  kingdom  or  house 
in  this  world  is  upheld  and  strong  when  till  live 
in  subjection  and  obedience  to  the  ruler;  sub- 
jection and  obedience  being  the  supreme  con- 
ditions of  good  order  and  tranquillity.  When 
these  things  are  so  needful  and  beneficial  in 
the  government  in  the  world,  between  men 
and  men,  who  are  till  alike  in  the  sight  of 
(iod,  how  much  more  is  subjection  and  obe- 
dience required  from  inhabitants  in  the  clay 
towards  their  Maker,  who  is  so  superior  to 
them,  their  intellect  cannot  comprehend  it, 
cannot  think  about  it,  cannot  form  the  re- 
motest idea  about  God's  majesty,  without  be- 
ing brought  into  perfect  subjection  and  obe- 
dience to  his  Light  and  Spirit,  having  lost 


THE    FRIEND. 


45 


has  cleansed  and  purified  thy  heart ;  and  thou 
shalt  have  thy  spiritual  eyes  opened,  and  in 
the  spirit  shaft  thou  see  God,  and  therein  wor- 
ship God,  who  is  the  Father  of  spirits,  and  will 
be  worshipped  in  spirit  and  in  truth.  And  then 
thou  wilt  indeed  realize  the  promise  of  our 
Lord  and  Master  to  his  disciples  fulfilled  : 
"  These  things  I  have  spoken  unto  3-ou  in  pro- 
verbs :  the  hour  cometh  when  I  shall  no  more 
speak  unto  you  in  proverbs,  but  shall  tell  you 
plainly  of  the  Father.  In  that  day  ye  shall 
ask  in  my  name.  And  I  say  not  unto  you 
that  I  will  make  request  to  the  Father  for 
you,  for  the  Father  himself  loveth  you,  be- 
cause ye  have  loved  me  and  have  believed,  that 
I  came  forth  from  the  Father."  "And  the 
glory  which  Thou  hast  given  me,  I  have 
given  unto  them,  that  they  may  he  one, 
even  as  we  are  one.  I  in  them  and  Thou  in 
me,  that  they  may  be  perfected  in  one,  that 
the  world  may  know  that  Thou  didst  send 
me,  and  lovedst  them  even  as  Thou  lovedst 
me.''  Our  Lord's  Apostle  John  said.  "  We 
are  of  God  ;  lie  that  knoweth  God,  heareth 
us;  be  who  is  not  of  God,  heareth  us  not." 
Charles  Shieldstream. 

Sugar-making  and  the  French  Revolution. — 
My  uncle  had  a  small  clearing,  with  an  extra 
log-house,  into  which   we  moved.     My  first 


their  own  life,  and  have  risen  with  Christ 
and  got  part  in  the  first  resurrection,  rejoic- 
ing with  fear  and  trembling  before  the  Al- 
mighty, only  wise  God,  whom  all  the  heavens 
cannot  compass.  Oh,  if  a  mortal  man,  not 
being  perfectly  brought  back  from  his  aliena- 
tion from  God,  would  try  to  form  an  idea 
about  Cod,  or  make  out  God  according  to  bis 
best  understanding  and  judgment,  he  would 
only  make  another  god  besides  the  true  God. 
A  man  that  cannot  see  the  mystery  of  in- 
iquity,— I  mean  anti-Christ,  who  sits  in  the 
Klace  of  God  above  all  that  is  named  God  and 
is  true  worship, — he  cannot  know  what  God 
is.  Anti-Christ's  kingdom  is  a  mystery. 
All  the  world  wonders  after  the  beast! 
Christ's  kingdom  is  a  mystery;  Christ's 
kingdom  is  only  seen  by  those  whose  eyes 
are  anointed  with  the  true  eye-salve.  The 
prince  of  darkness  has  his  kingdom  in  the 
"  ildren  of  disobedience  to  God.  The  prince 
of  Light  has  his  kingdom  in  the  children  of 
obedience  to  God :  in  true  subjection  and 
obedience  to  the  Prince  of  Light  the  sons  of 
men  get  power  to  become  sons  of  God. 

Being  obedient  to  his  Father,  our  Saviour 
redeemed  the  world!  What  is  so  highly 
worthy  of  admiration,  love  and  veneration, 
as  our  Saviour's  obedience?  We  know  how 
He,  being  in  the  sbape  of  God,  denied  himself, 

taking  upon  himself  the  shape  of  a  servant,!  employment  was  in  sugar-making,  an  occu 
being  obedient  even  until  the  death  on  the  pation  to  which  I  became  much  attached.  I 
cross.  He  was  the  first-born  among  many  [now  look  with  great  pleasure  upon  the  days 
brethren!  And  his  true  followers  have,  through  and  nights  passed  in  the  sap-bush.  Thewant 
obedience  to  the  requirements  of  his  Light,)  of  shoes  (which,  as  the  snow  was  deep,  was 
denied  the  corruptions  of  the  lusts  which  arej  no  small  privation)  was  the  only  drawback 
in  the  world,  and  have  been  partakers  of  a1  upon  my  happiness.  I  used,  however,  to  tie 
divine  nature.  an  old  rag  carpet  around   my  feet,  ami  get 

As  our  Lord  and  Saviour  was  in  this  world,  along  chopping  wood  and  gathering  sap  pretty 
so  his  people  have  been  and  are  to  be,  viz..  will 
obedient,  harmless,  holy,  which  is  the  fruit  ofl  But  when  the  spring  advanced,  and  bare 
Christ  having  set  up  bis  kingdom  in  obedient  ground  appeared  in  spots.  I  threw  off  the  old 
men.  (carpet  incumbrance  and  did  my  work   bare 

Subjection  and  obedience  to  the  Divine  will  footed.     There  is  much  leisure  time  for  boys 
is  always  contented  and  delighted  under  the  who    are    making   maple  sugar.     I  devoted 
Father's  rule,  makes  no  reasonings  or  askings,  this  time  to  reading,   when  I  could    obt 
but  says,  "  Thy  will  be  done  !"  I  books.    But  the  farmers  of  that  period  had  few 

Let  us  consider  the  way  in  which  the  Word  or  no  books,  save  their  Bible,  for  that  inesti- 
that  was  made  flesh  trod  when  in  the  world, |mablo  blessing,  the  District  School  Library 
— how  He  clothed  himself  with  poverty  and  (in  the  adoption  of  which  by  the  State  I  had 
contempt,  showing  forth  how  much  superior)  some  humble  agency),  had  not  then  been 
his  way  was  in  humility,  subjection,  obedi-J thought  of. 

ence,  and  love  to  do  his  Father's  will  and]  I  borrowed  books  whenever  and  wherever 
deny  his  own.  Many  who  have  been  flatter-' I  could.  I  remembered  to  have  heard  that 
cd  in  this  world,  and  been  called  great,  have 


terest  a  "  Histoiy  of  the  French  Revolution." 
From  the  "  Autobiography  of  Thurlow  Weed." 

For  "The  Friend." 

Quotations  believed  to  be  not  Scriptural. 

"  The  Lamb  and  his  followers  shall  have 
the  victory." 

'Riches  in  poverty,  strength  in  weakness, 
and  a  present  help  iii  every  time  of  need." 

He  who  was  his  morning  light  shall  be 
his  evening  song." 

He  can  turn  the  hearts  of  men,  even  as  a 
man  turneth  the  water-courses  in  his  field." — 
Augustine. 

'  He  tempereth  the  wind  to  the  shorn 
lamb." — Sterne. 

■■  Man  proposesbut  God  disposes." — Kempis. 

"Death  hives  a  shining  mark." — Young. 

Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "The  Friend" 
furnish  information  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
first  three  quotations  ? 

What  we  Owe  to  Poor  Children.— The  world 
owes  some  of  its  richest  treasures  to  those 
who  were  deemed  unfortunate  in  youth  and 
who  looked  to  others  at  that  unsheltered  pe- 
riod for  pity,  protection  and  help.  America 
was  discovered  by  <  lolumbus.  He  was  a  hard- 
working boy,  and  often  knew  the  need  of 
sufficient  food.  Luther,  the  reformer,  once 
was  a  hungry  boy.  singing  ballads  on  the  street  » 
to  procure  bread  and  the  means  of  an  educa- 
tion. Our  advance  in  science  started  with 
Franklin;  yet  the  inventor  ate  his  penny 
roll  in  the  streets  of  Philadelphia,  when  a  lad, 
and  knew  what  it  was  to  feel  all  alone  in  the 
world.  We  owe  the  beginning  of  our  cotton 
mills  to  Richard  Awkwright.  He  was  the 
youngest  of  a  family  of  thirteen  children, 
and  his  lather  was  a  barber.  The  blot  of  sla- 
very was  removed  from  our  land  by  the  pen- 
stroke  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  atethebread 
of  hardship  in  childhood,  and  went  as  poorly 
clad  as  the  humblest  child  in  the  streets  of 
any  country  village  to-day.  The  President 
of  the  United  States  was  once  a  poor,  hard- 
working, friendless  boy. 

The  great  missionary  explorer  of  the  cen- 
tury is  Dr.  Livingstone.  He  learned  Latin 
from  a  book  on  his  loom  while  at  work,  and 
he  once  said  proudly  on  completing  his  edu- 
cation, "I  never  had  a  dollar  that 1  did  not 
earn."     Professor  Heyne;  one  of  the  greatest 


scholars  that  Germany  or  the  world  ever  pro- 
neighbor,  some  three  miles  otf,  had  borrow- 1 duced,  was  a  penniless  child.  "  Want,"  said 
prided  themselves,  done  their  own  will,  and  ed  from  a  still  more  distant  neighbor  a  book  of;  he,  "  was  the  companion  of  my  childhood  ;  I 
sacrificed  others  to  satisfy  their  selfish  ambi-  great  interest,  and  after  this  book  had  been  well  remember  our  mother's  distress  when 
tion.  Our  meek  and  divine  Redeemer  denied  read  by  those  better  entitled  to  the  privilege,  without  food  for  her  children,  I  have  seen  her 
himself — sacrificed  himself— to  save  the  hu-  I  started  off,  barefooted  in  the  snow,  to  obtain  'on  a  Saturday  evening,  weeping  and  wringing 
man  race  from  sin,  and  draw  them  back  to  the  treasure.  There  were  spots  of  bare  her  hands  as  she  returned  home,  having  been 
God,  from  fall  and  alienation.  jground,  upon   which  I  would  stop  to  warm  unable  to  sell  the  goods  that  my  father  had 

Before  He  was  crucified  He  said,  "  If  I  be'my  feet.  And  there  were  also,  along  thejmade."  A  kind  family  helped  him  in  his  dis- 
lifted  up  from  the  earth,  I  will  draw  all  men  road,  occasional  lengths  of  log  fence  from' tress  at  school,  and  in  so  doing  honored  them- 
unto  me;"  signifying  with  what  death  He' which  the  snow  had  melted,  and  upon  which  selves  and  their  country  in  a  way  they  did 
should  die;  and  before  He  expired,  He  said, lit  was  a  luxury  to  walk.     The  book  was  at  not  dream. 

"It  is  finished!"  So,  in  subjection  and  obedi-!  borne,  and  the  good  people  consented,  upon  Some  forty  years  ago  there  lived  in  one  of 
ence,  He  finished  his  outward  course  and  mis-j  mj-promise  that  it  should  be  neither  torn  norlthe  country  towns  of  New  York,  a  slender 
sion  on  this  earth  ;  and  so,  by  submission  and  l  soiled,  to  lend  it  to  me.     In  returning  with  the  little  factory  girl.     She  speaks  of  early  recol- 


obedience  of  men  to  his  Light  in  them,  He 
will  finish  bis  work  in  them. 

Oh,  remember  the  words  of  Christ,  "Bless- 
ed are  the  pure  in  heart,  for  they  shall  see 
God."  None  but  the  pure  in  heart  can  ever 
see  God.  O,  soul !  be  therefore  subject  and 
obedient  to  the  Light  of  Christ;  give  up  all 
this  world,  with  its  vain  religions  and  teach- 
ers, and  let  Christ  be  the  king  to  rule  over 


prize,  I  was  too  happj' to  think  of  the  snow  or.  lections  of  "noise  and  filth,  bleeding  hands, 
my  naked  feet.  Candles  were  then  among  the!  sore  feet,  and  a  very  sad  heart."  She  says,  "  I 
luxuries,  not  the  necessaries,  of  life.  If  boys  '  used  often  to  rise  at  two  o'clock  in  the  rnorn- 
instead  of  going  to  bed  after  dark,  wanted  to'ing,  and  do  the  washing  for  the  family."  She 
read  they  supplied  themselves  with  pine  found  friends.  That  girl  was  afterwards 
knots,  by  the  light  of  which  (in  a  horizontal  known  to  the  world,  first  as  Fanny  Forester, 
position)  they  pursued  their  studies.  Ithe  authoress,  and  afterward  as  Emily  Chub- 

In  this  manner,  with  my  body  in  the  sugar-  buck  Judson,  the  wife  of  the  eminent  Adon- 
house,  and   my  head  out  of  doors  where  the  iram  Judson. 


thee;  which  He  will  truly  do,  after  He  first  fat  pine  was  blazing.  I  read  with  intense  in-1      Ho    who    protects,    assists,    and    educates 


46 


THE    FRIEND. 


friendless  children,  makes  the  best  contribu- 
tion to  the  future  that  human  resources  can 
find.     He  builds  himself  a  monument,  not  in 


marble,  but  in  influence.  Lips  will  call  him 
blessed  when  moss  is  filling  the  letters  of  his 
cenotaph.  He  lives  for  ends  that  do  not  ter- 
minate in  himself.— Childhood's  Appeal 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Items,  &c. 

Methodists  at  Congenies. — A  Paris  corres- 
pondent of  the  Christian  Advocate,  referring 
to  an  article  on  "  The  Friends  of  Congenies." 
states  that  he  was  born  in  that  place,  that  it 
is  a  small  village  of  about  800  inhabitants;  and 
has  "long  possessed  the  only  Quaker  chapel 
in  France,  and  I  have,  whe"n  a  child,  often 
heard  it  alluded  to  as  a  remarkable  place,  be- 
cause its  inhabitants  could  attend  four  dif- 
ferent places  of  worship,  namely:  A  Soman 
Catholic  church,  a  Quaker  meeting-house,  a 
Reformed  temple,  and  a  Methodist  chapel." 
He  says,  it  is  the  head  of  a  Methodist  circuit 
of  about  2400  members. 

According  to  the  London  Christian,  th 
Bishop  of  Gibraltar  has  refused  to  sanction 
the  erection  of  an  English  church  at  Monaco, 
the  notorious  gaming  town,  on  the  ground 
that  its  effect  would  be  to  give  an  appearance 
of  respectability  to  the  place  which  would 
tend  to  draw  English  families  to  this  nest  of 
temptation  and  vice,  and  so  by  exposing  them 
to  its  dangers,  rather  hinder  godliness  than 
promote  it. 

Church  Sociables.— A  citizen  of  Gardner, 
Me.,  who  died  recently,  it  is  said,  left  a  fund 
of  $2,000  to  a  Methodist  church  of  the  village 
provided  that  society  M'ould  give  up  its  church 
sociables.  The  fact  is  significant,  so  far  as  it 
calls  attention  to  some  of  the  harmful  cus- 
toms which  have  barnacled  themselves  on 
the  average  social  gatherings  of  the  church 
in  so  many  places.  When  these  otherwise 
helpful  assemblies  are  made  an  occasion  for 
silly  talk  on  the  part  of  the  young  people, 
and  sillier  gossip  on  the  part  of  their  parents! 
when  foolish  games  are  played  and  private 
theatricals  and  ether  out-of-place  perform- 
ances are  made  a  part  of  them,  it  is  high 
time  they  were  dispensed  with  as  nuisances 
or  worse. — Selected. 

The  vicar  of  a  parish   in   Bath,  England, 


show  that  this  plant  contains  both  grape 
sugar  (glucose),  which  is  not  crystallizable 
in  its  ordinary  state,and  cane  sugar  (sucrose) 
which  readily  crystallizes.  The  proportions 
of  these  two  ingredients  vary  with  the  stage 
of  growth  of  the  plant.  Up  to  about  the  first 
of  the  8th  month,  the  glucose  preponderates  ; 
then  the  sucrose  begins  to  take  the  lead.' 
When  the  seed  of  the  cane  is  fully  ripened  the 
proportion  of  the  sucrose  or  true  sugar  is  the 
largest.  The  juice  of  the  sorghum  is  pecu- 
liarly liable  to  a  chemical  change  by  which 
sometimes  in  24  hours  from  the  cutting  of 
the  cane,  all  the  sugar  is  converted  into  grape- 
sugar — so  that  instead  of  yielding  sugar, 
nothing  but  syrup  is  produced  by  boiling  it! 
The  requisites  for  making  sugar  appear  to  be 
two— that  the  cane  shall  be  fully  ripe,  and 
that  the  pressing  out  the  juice  and  boiling 
it  down  should  promptly  succeed  the  cutting 

The  gases  evolved  during  the  conversion  of 
grass  into  hay. — In  a  series  of  experiments  on 
this  subject  portions  of  freshly  cut  grass  were 
allowed  to  stand  in  glass  tubes  over  mercury. 
Oxygen  gas  was  absorbed  and  carbonic  acid 
formed,  proving  that  the  constituents  of  the 
grass  underwent  a  rapid  oxidation— a  portion 
of  the  carbon  being  burnt  out. 


these  frogs,  or  assumed  to  decoy  the  chicken 
within  their  reach,  we  know  not;  but  the 
make  a  chuckling  sound,  so  like  a  hencallin' 
her  chickens  for  food,  that  we  have  see 
whole  broods  deceived,  and  rushing  toward 
the  sluit,  where  they  supposed  the  hen  to  be. 

Lost  in  the  Bush.— A  child  had  been  lost  ii 
the  hazel-bushes  near  its  home,  and,  after  al 
the  neighbors  had  failed  to  find  it  in  the  cours. 
of  a  day's  search,  an  old  trapper  was  callec 
in  to  assist.  He  marked  out  with  flags  s 
rough  circle  of  about  two  miles  in  diameter 
starting  from  the  bushes  and  bearing  to  thi 
left  towards  the  bouse  ;  then  set  the  company 
he  had  collected  in  a  line  along  the  radius  6 
the  circle,  and  moved  them  so'as  to  examiJ 
the  ground  all  over.  The  child  was  sooi 
found.  In  giving  the  reason  for  his  proceed 
ing  he  said,  lost  people  always  go  round  in  t 
circle  from  right  to  left.  Men  or  women  wil 
make  the  circle  within  three  miles  in  diameter 
and  children  in  two,  unless  they  are  led  awaj 
by  a  trail  or  stopped  by  a  stream.— C.  S\ 
Clarke  of  Peoria. 

Moisture  in  the  Air.— In  no  part  of  the  at- 
mosphere yet  explored  by  man  has  the  vapor! 
of  water  been  found  absent.  Between  the, 
air-particles  there  are  always  interspaces  ini 
which  the  minute  molecules  of  water,  though 


:her 


left  h 

s 

wo 

rl 

fo 

the  p 

it 

ish 

w 

as 

by   tl 

e 

ac 

'i 

Jet 

tal    (lis. 


tb 


iap 


■s,  but  had 
serenity  of 
turbed  not  long  a 
cry  that  the  vicar 
imewhere  in  Wales, 
or  the  patron,  who 
Bristol,  had  known 

any  thing  about    it.     The   emoluments    had. 

however,  been  paid 

a  date  as  midsumm 

agitates  the  ecclesi 

thr.    new   vicar  or  a 

legal   chum   upon    tl 

dead    man,   or   its   c 

stall'  <it'  affairs  whi 

thr  presumed  pastor  of  a  church  tc 

bimself  so  utterly  from  its  lite  tha 

be  dead    nine    months    before    his  i 

his  bishop  knew  of  it,  has  seemingly  not   yet 

been  thought  of. — Selected. 


iy  ye: 
Th< 


arly  down  to  as  h 
?be  question  whi 
I    mind    is    whetl. 


ikes 


he  COUl 
>ple   and 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Sugar  in  Sorghum.— The  researches  on  (he 
saccharine  principles  in  the  sorghum  as  re- 
ported  by  I  he    Department   of  Agriculture, 


Artesian   Wells  in  Algeria.— In  the  south  of  invisible,  can   obtain   lodgment-    but  only  a 

nori,^nVfnAC7  •  n8tnntlne'  !n  A'?oTa'  lhe  cenain  quantity  of  these'aqueous  molecules 
boi  ng  of  Artesian  wells,  begun  tn  1856,  was  can  be  accommodated.  So  soon  as  this  quan-1 
continued  with  renewed  activity,  after  the  tity  is  reached,  the  vapor  molecules  coalesce! 
interruption  occasioned  by  the  Franco-Prus-|and  become  visible  to  the  eve  as  fo-  or  cloud 
sian  war  At  the  end  of  1879,  the  long  line  or  mist,  or  as  a  dew-drop  or  a'ain-drol 
of  wells  following  the  Wady  R,r,  included  434  which  last  under  the  influence  of  gravity  falls! 
sunk  by  the  Arabs,  and  68  bored  by  the, through  the  air  to  the  earth.  The  quantity 
french.  In  the  ten  years  from  1870  to  1880,  of  water-vapor  which  can  be  held  in  the  ail 
the  number  of  palm  trees  in  the  oases  had  depends  chiefly  upon  the  temperature  of  the 
increased  from  350,000  to  517,000,  and  the 'air.  Air  at  the  temperature  of  32  decrees 
population  from  6  672  to  12,827.  Since  that  Fahrenheit  can  only  sustain  about  one°one- 
time  the  number  of  wells  has  much  increased,  j  hundredth  part  of  itsown  weight  of  this  trans-! 
ami  the  total  supply  of  water  furnished  by  parent  vapor,  while  at  the  temperature  of  59 
.*  Connor!  18?1,  was  estimated  at:  degrees  it  can  sustain  one-eightieth  part  of  its 

about  209  000  litres  a  minute.  weight,  and  on  a  hot  summer  day,  when  the 

Fly-catching  Plant— In  the  Mentzelia  laevi-  air  is  heated  to  86  degrees.it  can  carry  as 
caulis,  the leaves  are  thickly  beset  with  coarse  much   as   one-fortieth   of  its  own   weight  of 

vapor.  For  every  increase  of  27  degrees  of 
temperature  the  capacity  of  the  air  to  sustaii 
invisible  water-vapor  is  doubled.     Thus  is  ex- 


hairs,  which  are  furnished  with  several  pai__ 
of  barbs  pointing  downward.  These  hairs 
are  so  close  together  that  the  barbs  almost 
touch.  Thickly  ef  adding  the  leaves,  are  found 
many  dead  or  dying  mosquitoes,  aphides  and 
other  insects,  attracted  by  a  sweet  fluid  which 
the  leaf  secretes,  and  made  prisoners  by  the 
barbs,  between  which  they  had  endeavored 
to  force  the  head  or  insinuate  the  proboscis. 

Bird  eating  Frog.— The  Journal  of  Science 
publishes  an  account  of  the  habits  of  this  ere 
lure— from  Cape  Colony  (South  Africa.) 
"A  water-slu.it  runs  round  our  terrace,  and 
passes  through  the  ground  over  which  the 
poultry  range,  and  in  this  the  frogs  harbo 
The  first  time  our  attention  was  drawn  to 
heir  bird-eating  propensity,  was  by  the  cries 
of  a  small  bird  in  a  fuchsia  near  the  stream. 
Thinking  it  had  been  seized  by  a  snake, 
several  hastened  to  the  spot,  and  saw  a  beau- 
.iful  red  and  green  sugar-bird  in  the  mouth 
"fa  large  greenish  frog;  only  the  bird's  head 
wasvisible;  and  its  cries  becoming  fainter,  the 
frog  was  killed  and  the  bird  released.  Its 
bathers  were  all  wet  and  slimy,  and  for  some 
lays  after  we  could  distinguish  it  in  the  gar- 
len  by  its  ruffled  plumage.  Since  then  the 
same  species  of  frog  has  on  several  occasions 
been  killed  with  young  chickens,  half-swal- 
Owed  ;  and  onee  a  duckling  was  rescued  from 
the  same  fate.    Whether  the  noise  is  natural  to 


plained  the  remarkable  fact  that  in  the  trade- 
wind  regions  of  the  tropics,  though  the  verti- 
cal sun  is  daily  drawing  up  by  "evaporation 
from  the  equatorial  seas  several"  hundred  tons 
of  water  from  each  square  mile,  these  aqueous 
masses  are  sustained  so  largely  as  vapor  ' 
the  hot  atmosphere  that  such  regions  a 
comparatively  rainless,  the  vast  volumes  of 
vapor  being  mostly  borne  in  the  hot  air  cur- 
rents into  the  extra-tropical  zones. 

A  Lost  Locomotive.  — A  locomotive  ran 
through  a  broken  bridge  on  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railway,  across  Kiowa  Creek,  several 
years  ago,  sinking  into  the  mud  at  the  bottom, 
and  has  never  since  been  heard  from,  though 
repeated  efforts  have  been  made  by  digging 
and  boring  to  recover  so  valuable  a  piece  of 
property.  The  bottom  is  quicksand,  but  even 
quicksands  have  limits,  and  it  seems  very 
singular  that  the  longest  boring  rod  has  failed 
to  find  any  trace  of  the  sunken  engine. 

By  and  by  the  silent  mysterious  operation 
may  drain  the  quicksand  and  harden  it  into 
rock,  and  then,  long  alter  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Road  has  been  forgotten,  and  the  Kiowa 
Creek  has  vanished  from  the  map,  some  fiituro 
ntist  will  discover  a  curious  piece  of  mcch- 
mi,  undoubtedly  the  work  of  human  hands, 


THE    FRIEND. 


4  7 


And  it  remains  to  be  an  unshaken  truth, 
that  "  the  true  unity  is  in  our  Holy  Plead, 
Christ  Jesus,  and  emanates  from  Him."  May 
this  increase  in  our  Society  and  in  the  world  ; 
and  we  believe  it  will  increase,  in  proportion 
as  we  are  united  to  Christ  and  partake  of  the 
spiritual  life  which  flows  from  Him,  and  are 
enabled  to  walk  in  his  holy  Light. 

"Being  confined  with  cold  for  nearly  three 
weeks,  and  at  the  beginning,  having  much 
time  in  my  lonely  hours  for  contemplation, 
my  mind  very  frequently  turned  towards  our 
beloved  Society,  and  the  present  afflicted  state 
of  it  wherever  located. 

I  have  endeavored  for  right  direction 
whether  to  do  or  suffer,  and  I  think  I  have 
arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  at  present  there 
is  little  room  to  move  for  those  who  love,  and 


enabled  again  to  raise  the  standard  of  Truth, 
and  to  promulgate  the  same  and  carry  on  the 
work  designed,  thus  marred  by  zeal  and  erea- 
turely  activity,  and  that  the  heterodox  doc- 
trines spread  by  Gurney  and  Ash  will  remain 
on  the  shelf  unasked  for. 

Before  the  London  Yearly  Meeting  it  was 
insisted  there  should  be  no  division,  but  all 
must  lie  unity  and  harmony;  as  if  true  unity 
can  be  brought  about  by  the  contrivances  of 
men,  however  influential. 

Surely  the  true  unity  is  in  our  Holy  Head, 
Christ  Jesus,  and  emanates  from  Him,  the 
fountain  of  love;  whilst  all  the  contrivances 
of  men  will  be  found  no  more  than  us  a  rope 
ofsand;and  whilst  harmony  was  beingopenly 
proclaimed,  hundreds  around  knew  that  no 
such  state  of  things  existed. 

J.  X.  Richardson. 

Glenmore,  9lh  of  10th  month,  1846." 


yingtindersomany  hundred  feetof sandstone, 
md  will  use  the  fact  as  a  basis  for  calculating 
iow  many  million  years  old  the  human  race 
nuet  be. — Boston  Transcript. 

Clump  of  Giant  Bamboos  in  Ceylon. — On 
intering  the  garden  we  turn  to  the  left  and 
ee  enormous  green  thickets  of  bamboo,  more 
ban  a  hundred  feet  high  and  as  many  wide, 
lending  their  mighty  crowns,  like  the  huge 
vaving  plumes  of  some  giant's  helmet.  As 
ve  go  nearer  we  see  that  each  of  these  bushes 
■onsists  of  several — often  of  sixty  or  eighty — 
all  cylindrical  stems,  each  from  a  foot  to  two 
eet  thick.  They  grow  closely  crowded  to- 
gether, thrown  up  from  a  common  root  like 
he  creeping  stem  of  a  rush,  spreading  towards 
;he  top,  and  bearing  on  their  frail  lateral 
items  a  dense  mass  of  slender  green  leaves. 
\.nd    these    giants   are    nothing    more   than 

rrass!  Their  huge  hollow  stems  are  divided!  most  surely  believe  in  the  ancient  doctrines 
)y  knots  like  those  of  all  the  grasses;  but  the  and  testimonies  committed  to  our  worthy 
eaf-sheath,  which  in  our  fragile  grasses  is  a'  elders,  and  promulgated  by  them  to  the  world 
ilmy  scale  at  the  base  of  the  leaf,  is  in  the  fearlessly  through  deep  sufferings,  grievous 
jreat  bamboo  a  strong  wood}'  curved  plate,' scourgings,  noisome  prisons  and  filthy  dun 
which  without  any  further  ceremony  might  geons,  even  to  the  loss  of  life,  which  the3*  did 
serve  as  a  breastplate  to  cover  the  chest  of  a  not  count  dear  in  comparison  of  being  found 
well-grown  man:  a  child  of  three  can  stand  faithful  totheir  holy  Leader,  our  dear  Saviour, 
aside  one  section  of  the  main  stem.  The  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  and  handed  down  to 
jamboo,  as  every  one  knows,  is  one  of  the  us  as  a  society  to  uphold  and  maintain  undi- 
most  valuable  plants  of  the  tropics.    A  whole  minished  and  without  compromise. 

book  might  be  written   on  no  other  subject       My  mind  seems  to  settle  down  in  the  belief  the  nalTatlve  0f 
than  the  various  uses  made  of  every  part  of  that  the  compact  is  so  strong,  and  the  influ-  ,.ur1  jn  the  summe.  _ 

this  plant  by  the  natives.— Haeckel's  Ceylon,  jence  so  great  of  the  chief  promoters  of  these  gome  notices  of  Lis  „.0Sp(;i  labors  on  other  oe 
Rattans.— The  stems  of  theclimbing  palms  unquakerly,  Episcopalian  doeinnesand  views,  casions .  and  an  acCount  of  his  last  illness, 
3r  rattans  (Calamus),  though  not  thicker  than  that  the  humble-minded,  faithful  believer  in:whicu  terminated  on  5th  mo.  16th,  1851,  in  a 
1  finger,  are  extremely  tough  and  elastic,  the  true  Christian  views  of  our  worthy  pre-  Lalm  and  peacefui  death.  His  last  words 
jreep^to  the  top  of  the  tallest  trees  and  attain  decessors,  must  be  willing  to  suffer  all  the  ap-|wei.C)  "Peace,  peace!" 

th  of  from  two  hundred  to  three  bun-  pointed  baptisms.  It  -8  for  sa|'e   b  .  jacob  Smedley,  30-t  Arch 

There  seems  arrayed   so   much   talent,  so  g      Philadelphia.     Price  25  cents. 

much    wealth,    so    much    worldly    influence, 

combined  with   holding  high  stations  in  the 

Church,  that  things  are  likely  for  a  time  to 

be  carried  in  a  wrong   course.     These  new 

Views  are  agreeable  to  the  people  who  like  an    merchandise  during  the  twelve   months  which   ended 
easy  worldly  religion;   patient'  waiting  exer-  7th  mo.  31st,  1883,  was -TH.-l.vr.i,  ^,ns,  S7.;s,u. 
.■'..■'  »         '1  '       iL       &    ,  .  773,   during  the  preceding  twelve   months.      Ihe  total 

The  following  paper  was  written  by  James  cise  is  irksome,— does  not_  suit  the  itching  va]ue  of  our  exports  of  merchandise  during  the  twelve 
Nicholson  Richardson  during  his  last  illness,!  ears, — So,  instead  of  this  right  qualification,  months  which  ended  on  7th  mo.  31st  last,  was  $821,- 
ind  was  given,  three  days  before  his  close,  to  waiting  to  be  baptized  into  a  sense  and  state  615,955,  against  $742,126,183  during  the  twelve  months 
two  friends  in  the  station  of  minister,  to  be  of  meetings,  and  concerned  to  feel  a  renewal  which  ended  7th  mo.  31st  1882. 

de  use  of  in  whatever  way  they  thought  of  Divine  newer  the  people  are  fed  with  a  ^^^StX^t  sLI^yX™ 

mere  recital  of  the  truths  of  the  Gospel,  and  ins,^  near  Muilan-S  Tun^i,  554s  feet  above  the  sea. 
given  to  rest  in  an  assent  or  belief  in  the  ever-  The  length  of  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
blessed  sacrifice,  and  what  our  dear  Lord  has  Railroad  is  1980]  miles,  and  of  its  branches  674  miles, 
done  for  mankind  without  us  ;  by  this  belief  making  a  total  of  2654}  miles 

they  are  taught  to  think  they  are  safe,  with  i  J-  ^0^^  ZL^ZZrl^e  tothe 
out  being  led  to  deep  searching  ot  heart,  and  ll[jening  of  their  reservation  to  settlement,  have  re- 
continued  watching  unto  prayer  ;  which  will  turned.  They  say  "nothing  was  definitely  settled,  and 
nroduce  irood  works  or  fruits,  and  progress  to  that  they  found  certain  white  men  in  that  part  of  the 
1  .  ~     °.  ...  .....         .    1      t.  . 1....1    „j..:„„.i   .l„   t~j: + 


We  have  received  a  cop}'  of  a  small  volume 
entitled,  "  The  Last  Year  of  the  Life  of  Chris- 
topher Healy,"  by  G.  W.  B. 

It  is  a  contribution  to  the  biography  of  a 
valuable  and  greatlj'  beloved  minister  of  the 
Gospel,  whose  earnest  labors,  and  devotion  to 
the  cause  of  truth  and  righteousness,  are  still 
freshly  remembered  by  many. 

The  larger  part  of  the  book  is  filled  with 
ions  visit  to  New  Eng- 
1850.     It  contains  also 


-Haeckel's  Ceylon. 


THE    FRIEND. 


NINTH  MONTH  15, 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States. — The  total  value  of  our  imports  of 


proper.     He  died  in  the  5th  month,  ISi't. 

In  reading  it  at  this  time,  we  have  believed 
that  it  contains  words  of  caution  and  of  en- 
couragement which  may  be  useful  at  the  pre- 
sent day,  although  the  condition  of  things  in 
the  Society  of  Friends,  and  the  hurtful  infltt- 
snces  to  which  it  is  exposed,  are  somewhat 
different  from  what  existed  when  it  was  writ 


ten.     There  are  yet  many  to  whom  "patient,  sanctification,  which  must  be  attained  before  country  had  advised  the  Indians  to  hoi 
waiting  exercise  is  irksome,  does  not  suit  the  »-»  °™  '"  «  n-,,-,nr.Ur  to  witness  inat.ifinat.ion  :  re 


itching  ears ;"  and  some  of  these  yield  to  the 
suggestion  to  substitute  active  work  in  their 
awn  will  and  strength,  for  simple  obedience 
to  Christ  Jesus,  whether  that  obedience  leads 
them  to  wait  on  the  Lord  for  the  renewing  of 
their  strength,  or  directs  them  to  some  service 
to  be  performed  in  his  fear  and  under  his 
direction. 

It  is  yet  true,  "that  the  humble-minded, 
faithful  believer  in  the  true  Christian  views 
of  our  worthy  predecessors,  must  be  willing 
to  suffer  all  the  appointed  baptisms ;"  especi- 
ally the  opposition  of  those  misguided  fellow 
professors,  who  reject  his  honest  testimonj-  to 
the  truth  of  the  original  doctrines  of  our  So 
iiety,  and  resent  his  efforts  to  prevent  the 
ntroduction  of  practices  inconsistent  with 
them. 


we  are  in  a  capacity  to  witness  justification  ; 


thev  could  force  the  I  (nv- 
we  are  iu  a  cupac.^  uu  *>"™™  J"™""""  '  ernment  to  pay 'a  larger  "price  than  is  now  proposed. 
hence  we  have,  especially  in  England,  long  Aa  a  consequence  the  chiefs  were  very  non-committal 
lifeless  sermons,  calculated  to  till  the  head,  on  subjects  about  which  the  Committee"  was  empowered 
but  never  reach  the  heart.  !to  talk." 

The  Cromwell  Line  steamer  Canimn,  from  N.  York, 

8th  mo.  30th,  for  Halifax,  struck  on  the  morning  of  the 

6th  inst.,  on  Gull  Island,  Newfoundland,  and  became  a 

om   time  to  time,  till   the  mind  is  weanecl,  |tolal  loss     A  thick  fog  prt.vaiit.d  at  lhe  time  and  a 

nd  crew,  60 


Oh  !  how  have  I  been  tried  with  these  com- 
munications, like  words  of  course,  all  the  same 
the  mind  is  wearied, 
and  the  heart  that  is  panting  for  living  bread 
is  sick. 

I  believe  we  must  be  willing,  till  the  Lord 
is  pleased  to  say  "  It  is  enough,"  to  bear  and 
forbear,  (the  cause  is  his)  ;  yet  I  have  no  doubt 
He  sees  the  trials  of  his  afflicted  children,  and 
although  I  may  not  live  to  see  it,  I  fully  be- 
lieve this  thing  will  not  stand,  but  that  the 
testimonies  of  Truth  and  the  Christian  doc- 
trines given  to  this  people  to  bear  will  not  be 
allowed  to  fall  to  the  ground  ;  but  that  an 
honest,  humble-minded,  simple  people  will  be 


heavy  sea  was  running.  The  passengers 
in  all,  "  leaped  for  their  lives,"  but  got  ashore  safely. 
The  steamer  sunk  before  they  could  get  provisions  or 
clothing  from  her.  A  steamer  has  been  sent  to  take 
them  to  St.  Johns.  The  latest  arrivals  at  St.  Pierre  in- 
dicate that  54  lives  have  been  lost  in  the  great  storm 
on  the  Banks,  in  addition  to  the  number  first  reported 
—about  80. 

The  latest  reports  from  the  Grand  Banks  say  that 
thirty  vessels  are  missing  since  the  great  storm  of  the 
30th  ult. 

Reports  of  the  damage  done  by  the  recent  heavy  frosts 
in  the  West  and  Northwest  have  been  received.  They 
are  rather  conflicting,  but   the    damage  done  to  corn 


IS 


THE    FRIEND. 


throughout  the  entire  belt  will  not,  it  is  believed,  reach 
10  per  cent.,  although  in  a  few  localities  it  is  estimated 
as  high  as  50  per  cent,  The  damage  to  garden  vege- 
tables and  to  buckwheat  is  very  great.  The  loss  to  the 
cucumber  interest  alone  in  Milwaukee  Co.,  Wisconsin, 
is  estimated  at  $50,000.  The  loss  to  farmers  in  Niagara 
and  Chemung  counties,  New  York,  is  estimated  at  more 
than  $200,000. 

Eeports  of  the  wheat  already  threshed  in  Michigan, 
indicate  a  total  crop  of  23  600,000  bushels  in  that  State. 
The  wheat  crop  in  Kansas  is  turning  out  heavier  than 
was  expected  and  is  now  estimated  at  35,000,000  bushels. 
The  corn  crop  is  estimated  at  200,000,000  bushels,  the 
largest  ever  produced  in  that  State.  A  large  immigra- 
tion into  Kansas  lias  begun  and  it  is  expected  to  in- 


crease this  fall  and  : 


i'Xt  spring. 


The  exporis  of  lumber  from  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  during  the  twelve  months  which  ended  on 
8th  mo.  31st,  amounted  to  33,000,000  feet,  of  which 
23,000,000  went  to  domestic  and  the  remainder  to 
foreign  ports. 

The  Prohibitionists  are  making  a  vigorous  struggle 
for  the  incorporation  of  their  views  in  the  work  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  Dakota. 

A  disease  similar  to  the  European  bloody  murrain 
has  appeared  among  the  cattle  in  Ulster  county,  New 
York.     The  animals  attacked  die  suddenly. 

A  box  of  live  bees,  addressed  to  Canada,  was  recently 
found  among  the  mails  and  sent  to  the  Dead  Letter 
Office. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  389,  which 
was  8  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  17  more 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year.     The  number 

*V.~.„l..~    1CT.      _L!IJ >-.      r 


England  or  America.  The  Nalionale  of  the  7th  inst., 
announces  that  France  has  consented  to  negotiate  with 
China  for  a  treaty  in  settlement  of  the  Tonquin  ques- 
tion, which  shall  be  based  on  that  concluded  by  Nicolas 
Prosper  Bouree  with  the  Porte  in  1868.  That  treaty 
provided  that  the  Government  of  France  should  have 
the  right  to  acquire  property  in  the  Ottoman  Empire, 
in  return  for  which  France  should  aid  the  Porte  against 
inroads  from  strangers. 

Reports  from  all  parts  of  Russia  assert  that  the  cattle 
plague  continues  its  ravages  with  unabated  fury.  More 
than  a  million  cattle  have  fallen  victims  of  the  plague 
within  the  past  four  years  in  European  Russia  alone. 

Baron  Von  Romberg,  the  Military  Commander,  has 
entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  successor 
to  the  Ban  of  Croatia.  He  has  issued  a  proclamation 
declaring  his  task  to  be  the  re-establishment  of  peace 
and  the  restoration  of  the  official  notices  on  State  build- 
ings, in  order  to  show  that  street  riots  cannot  settle  po- 
litical questions.  He  says  that  the  sooner  his  task  is 
effected  the  sooner  will  it  be  possible  to  make  a  satis- 
tory  arrangement  in  regard  to  the  question  of  printing 
official  notices  in  the  Hungarian  language.  The  baron 
warns  the  public  against  reports  alleging  that  an  attack 
is  intended  on  the  language,  nationality  and  rights  of 
the  Croatian  people. 

The  manifesto  issued  by  Prince  Alexander  of  Bul- 
garia, announcing  the  appointment  of  a  commission  to 
draft  a  new  constitution  for  Bulgaria,  is  reported  to 
have  been  forced  upon  the  Prince  by  the  Russian  En- 
voy and  the  Russian  Generals  Sobol'eff  and  Kaulbars. 
Prince  Alexander,  who  was  anxious  to  rid  himself  from 
the  tutelage  of  the  Generals,  at  first  refused  to  accede 


of  males  was  222,  females  167  ;  cbildren  under  5  years  i  to  the  demands  of  the  Envoy.     The  latter  then  threat- 
ofage,  172:  the  number  of  deaths  from  consumption  ened  that  if  the  Prince  persisted  in  his  opposition  a 


28;  diphtheria,  28;  cholera  infan- 
tum, 22;  scarlet  fever,  18;  old  age  13,  and  typhoid 
fever,  12. 

Markets,  &e—  U.  S.  4J's,  112A  ;  4's,  registered,  118J ; 
coupon,  119i ;  3's,  103J;  currency  6's,  129  a  133. 

Cotton.— Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  10*  a  10|  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  7f  a  8  cts.  for  export, 
and  8;  a  9  els.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  is  in  light  request  at  unchanged  prices.  Sales 
of  2300  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras  at  $5.50  a 
46.50  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at  S5  a  $5.25;  western  do., 
at  $5.50  a  SO,  and  patents  at  *6.25  a  $7.50.  Rye  Hour 
is  dull  at  §3.50  a  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  is  in  fair  request  and  higher.  Sales 
of  12,000  bushels,  in  lots,  at  $1.10  a  $1.17$.  Rye  is 
nominal  at  63  a  65  cts.  per  bushel.  Corn  is  firmer,  but 
quiet.  Sales  of  9000  bushels  in  lots,  at  60  a  65  cts.  Oats 
are  in  fair  demand  and  firm.  Sales  of  12,000  bushels, 
in  car  lots,  at  31  a  36  cts. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  at  about  former  rates; 
4200  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a 
63  cts.  per  lb,  the  latter  rate  lor  a  few  choice. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  lower  :  12,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  2  a  5i  cts.,  and  lambs  at 
4  a  7-\  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  fair  demand  at  former  rates:  4500  head 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  7}  a  7J  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to 
quality. 

Foreign.— Richard  O'Shaughnessy,  who  recently 
resigned  bis  seat  in  Parliament,  has  issued  a  valedictory 
address  to  the  electors  of  his  district,  in  which  he  ex- 
presses his  conviction  that  the  masses  of  the  English 
people  are  honestly  anxious  that  Irish  affairs  should  be 


regulated   b 
regard  for  ti 

Advices  fi 
15th,  state 
into  the  in t< 
believed  he 
his  former  j 

A  corresp 
through  /.„ 
eve  of  war  0 


a  careful  and  generous 
:cessities  of  Ireland. 
Africa,  dated  8th  month 
v,  afler  penetrating  far 
to  Stanley  Pool.  It  is 
the  country  covered  in 


it  who  has  just  returned  from  a  tour 
I,  reports  that  the  natives  are  on  the 
lual  extermination. 
London,  9th  mo.  8th.— A  .despatch  to  the  Exchange 
Telegraph  Company  from  Paris  says,  a  member  of  the 
Chin,  se  Embassy  in  Paris  slates  'thai  nothing  in  the 
nature  of  a  treaty  between  France,  and  ( 'hina  has  as  yet 
been  agreed  upon.  China  has  submilled  her  proposals  '  W 
and  now  awaits  counter-proposals  from  France.  China 
demands  that  her  suzerainty  of  A  nam  -hall  hi'  sustained 
exactly  as  it  hilhcriv  existed,  and  any  idea  of  a  merely 
honorary  suzerainty  will  nol  In-  entertained  by  the 
Chine  1  Government.  This  will  he  the  key-note  of  all 
negotiations   thai    may  he   begun  in  relation  to  a  treaty    Noble  St?.,  wiil  be  conlinu. 

11  the  two  countries.     A  later  despatch  states  that       Further  information  may  he  obtained  upon  applica 

is  ground  there  ihal  the  Tonquin  question    tion  tu  the  Treasurer  nf  the  (  \ itlee. 

ly   be  settled   through   the  arbitration   of  I  Jno.  W.  BlDDLE,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St. 


decree  would  be  issued  by  the  Czar  of  Russia" releasing 
the  Bulgarians  from  their  allegiance  to  Alexander,  and 
that  General  Soboleff  would  be  appointed  tempoiary 
Regent.  Upon  this  threat  the  Prince  retreated  from 
his  position  and  issued  the  manifesto  referred  to. 

It  is  officially  announced  that  the  passage  of  the  Strait 
of  Sunda  is  now  clear,  the  only  physical  change  being 
hetween  Krakatoa  and  Sebockoe.  The  lighthouse  at 
Eerstepunt  is  intact.  The  light-house  at  Vlakehock 
would  shortly  be  relighted. 

The  number  of  natives  killed  at  Bantam,  Batavia  and 
Lampong  is  estimated  at  30,000.  The  number  of  Eu- 
ropeans lost  is  unknown.  The  garrison  and  the  Dutch 
resident  at  Telokbelong  were  saved.  Terrible  distress 
prevails  at  Telokbelong,  as  it  is  unapproachable  by  the 
sea  owing  to  the  bay  being  filled  with  banks  of  pumice 
stone.  '1  he  telegraph  line  from  Batavia  to  Telokbelong 
was  destroyed. 

Advices  from  Telokbelong,  Sumatra,  say  that  the 
Dutch  Resident's  house,  the  fortress,  and  the  prison  are 
still  standing,  but  everything  else  was  destroyed  by  the 
eruption.  No  further  details  have  been  received  from 
the  coast  districts,  where  the  destruction  appears  to 
have  been  general.  Relief  has  been  sent  to  several 
points. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice  the  Stage  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  m.  trains 
from  Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'   SELECT  SCHOOLS. 

These  schools,  under  the  care  of  the  three  Monthly 
Meetings  of  Friends  in  this  city,  will  re-open  on  Second- 
day,  Ninth  mo.  17th,  1883. 

A  limited  number  of  children  will  now  be  admitted 
who  are  not  Inembers  of  our  religious  Society,  whose 
parents  may  desire  to  have  them  educated  free  from  the 
unnecessary  but  fashionable  accomplishments,  too  com- 
mon in  many  schools  at  this  day. 

The  attention  of  Friends  residing  in  the  city  and  its 
neighborhood  is  invited  to  them.  The  terms  arc  moder- 
ate, and  Friends  belonging  to  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting,  sending  children  to  these  schools,  (also  mem- 
bers), who  may  liud  the  charges  burdensome,  can  be 
fully  relieved. 

The  principal  schools  will  open  for  the  next  term 
iniler  Ihe  care  of  John   II.  Dillingham   and   Mary  W. 

■■■  ■' -1:111,  as  Principals,  both   experienced   teachers  of 

■ears'  experience.     Facilities  for  illustration  are 
.1  by  a  valuable  collection  of  philosophical  and 
al  apparatus,  minerals,  and  Auzoux'b  models  of 
I'  the  human  system,  Ac. 
primary  Schools  on  Cherry  St.,  and  at  Sixth  and 


RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  Ephraim  Tomlinson,  N.  J.,  $2,  vc 
57;  from  Joseph  II.  Branson,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57;  fro1 
Rebecca  Hibberd,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Pelaliah  Gov 
Vt.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  for  Dr.  J.  J.  Comfort,  N.  J.,  per  E, 
wood  Comfort,  S-2,  vol.  57;  from  Benjamin  D.  Haine 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Thomas  Woolman,  City,  $ 
vol.  57;  from  Woolston  Comfort,  Mich.,  $2,  vol.  5',! 
from  Mary  D.  Maris,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Elija 
Kester,  Md.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Edward  Sharpless,  N.J1 
$2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Samuel  H.  Roberts,  City,  $2,  vol.  57' 
from  William  Kite,  Gtn.,  jf2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Thorns 
Kite,  O.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Wilson  C.  Hirst,  lo.,  $:! 
vol.  57,  and  for  John  Hirst,  $2,  to  No.  29,  vol.  57,  an 
Charles  McConnell,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  M.  Robert, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Amos  Roberts,  $2,  vol.  57! 
from  Jacob  L.  Evens,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mar 
Ann  Jones,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Charles  Jouei 
Gin.,  and  Archibald  Crosbie,  Io.,$2  each,  vol.57;  fror 
John  H.  Lippincott,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Israf 
Hall,  Agent,  Ind.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  James  Wood 
and  Isaac  N.  Coffin,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  James  f 
Kite,  Agent,  O,  for  Elizabeth  Burgess,  Samuel  Kinj 
Thomas  Dewees,  Jr.,  Aaron  Dewees,  Jesse  Deweei 
Samuel  Fawcett,  Jason  Penrose,  William  Harme; 
Thomas  Dewees,  Robert  Millions,  A.  E.  Penrose,  Davi 
Masters  and  William  Masters,  §2  each,  vol.57;  fror, 
Stephen  M.  Brinton,  Pa.,  $2.10,  vol.  57  ;  from  Eliz 
Wilson,  O,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Richard  M.  Acton,  N.J 
$2,  vol.  57,  and  for  William  C.  Reeve,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  fror 
Jane  H.  Pickering,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Samuel  M 
Wiekersham,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Thomas  Emmoni 
Agent,  lo.,  for  Elwood  Spencer,  Jonathan  Briggs 
Thomas  Blackburn,  and  Albert  Emmons,  $2  each,  vo 
57,  and  for  John  Q.  Spencer,  $2,  to  No.  17,  vol.  58 
from  Hannah  W.  Richardson,  Del.,  #2,  vol.  57;  froc- 
Dr.  William  R.  Bullock,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Mar 
R.  and  Edward  R.  Maule,  N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  frot 
Samuel  Morris,  Olney,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Jonathj 
Cox,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Elhanan  Zook,  Pa.,  $i 
vol.  57  ;  from  William  B.  Cooper,  N.  J.,  s-2,  vol.  57 
from  Joseph  Brinton,  Pa.,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from  Williat 
Harvey,  Agent,  Ind.,  for  Eli  Hadley,  Ruih  Ann  Stantor 
and  Martha  S.  Johnson,  $2  each,  vol.  57;  from  Abe 
J.  Hopkins,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Lawrence  H 
Hopkins,  D.  O,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Huldah  M.  Beedi 
R.  I.,  $2  vol.  57  ;  from  Margaret  S.  Kashner,  N.  J.,  li 
vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph  G.  Evans,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  fror 
Thomas  Driver,  Cal.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  fiom  Miriam  Frencl 
O,  *2,  vol.  57;  from  Sarah  C.  Glover,  N.  J.,  $2,  vo 
57  ;  from  R.  Barclay  Jones,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  fror 
Hannah  G.  Evans  and  Samuel  A.  Willits,  N.  J.,  S 
each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua  L.  Bailey,  City,  $2,  vol.  57 
from  Samuel  W.  Stanley,  Agent,  lo.,  for  Joseph  Pattei 
son,  Robert  W.  Hampton,  and  William  G.  Coppocj 
*2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mary  M.  Applegate  and  Josepl 
T.  Warren,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joshua  T.  Ballingei 
Agent,  Pa.,  for  Samuel  Worth  and  Albina  B.  Carpen 
ter,  »2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Nathan  Pearson,  Agent 
Ind.,  for  Robert  Ridgway,  $1,  to  No.  27,  vol.  57. 


Remittance*  rrceieed  after  Fanrth-day  morning  will  no 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

A   Stated   Meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Admission 


be  held   in  Philadelphi 
15th.  at  10  a'elock  A.  M. 


Seventh-day,  9th  1 
Jno.  W.  Biddle. 


TOUGIIKENAMON   BOARDING  SCHOOL 
will  re-open  9th  mo.  17th,  1883. 

II.  M.  CoPE,  Principal. 
Hannah  Cooper,  Assistant. 

WANTED, 
Principals   and    assistant   teachers  for   the  Evening 
Schools  for  Colored  Adults,  to  be  opened  on  the  1st  1 
10th  month.     Apply  to 

Jos.  W.  Lippincott,  400  N.  Seventh  St. 
Thos.  Woolman,  S",S  Marshall  St. 
Jos.  J.  Walton,  924  Chestnut  St. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St. 


ENDS'  ASYLUM   FOE  THE  INSANE. 
'''rankford,  (Twcnt)/ third   Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
1  Superintendent— JOHN  C.  Hall,  M.  D 


the  belief. 


Applications  for  the  Admissii f  Patients 

made  to  Ihe  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  1 
Managers. 

WILLIAM  IT.  PIPE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  NINTH  MONTH  22,  18S3. 


NO.    7. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES. 

UO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 


Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


etters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood, 


perfect  gift  coineth  down  from  the  Father  of 
lights,  in  whom  is  no  variableness  neither 
shadow  of  turning.  *  *  *  I  remember 
some  of  the  exercises  of  the  days  of  my  youth, 
and  bow.  after  being  tendered  and  bumbled 
by  the  Divine  power,  lightness  and  vanity 
again  took  hold  of  me,  and  I  lost  for  a  time 
the  Divine  favor,  and  was  brought  into  a  sad 
state.  May  this  not  be  thy  experience,  but 
having  bad  thy  mind  tendered  and  broken, 
let  it  be  thy  daily  watchful  concern  and 
prayer,  to  be  kept  attentive  to  the  Divine 
voice,  and  in  a  fear  of  offending  thy  Father 
in  Heaven.  This  'fear  of  the  Lord,  which  is 
the  beginning  of  wisdom,'  O  how  precious  to 
be  preserved  in  it !  D  is  'a  fountain  of  life  to 
depart  from  the  snares  of  death.'  Yea,  in  the 
Lord  is  strong  confidence.     Read 


To  A.  S.,  at  Westtown  Boarding  School. 
"Millville,  2nd  rao.  29th,  1844 

Dear  child, — It  has  not  been  for  want  of  a  fear  of  th 
seling  of  deep  interest  in  the  present  state  of  some  of  the   passages  in   the  Psalms  which 
6y  mind,  that  I    have   omitted    answering  speak  of  the   blessings  of  fearing  the  Lord 

ore  particularly  thy  letters  lately  received, 'always. 

hich  have  been  very  interesting  and  satis- 1  And  now,  my  dear  A.,  let  me  assure  theo 
itetory  to  us.  How  truly  we  desire  that  thou  that  the  thoughts  of  th}'  dear  parents  are 
lay  be  more  and  more  engaged  and  eon-  often  turned  towards  thee  with  tender  solici- 
erned  to  know  Him,  who  is  thus  mercifully  tude  ;*  and  their  desire  is,  that  thou  mayest 
lealing  with  thee  in  the  days  of  thy  youth,  seek  to  have  tby  dependence  placed  upon  Him  lany,  that  a  qualification 


,«« — &  ...   „~~  ««j ~  ~-   ~"j  ./""-■■, — ---—J  — i'- — -..*.-, —  .., — , 

o  draw  thee  from  the  vain  things  of  this  life,  to  whom  alone  thou  can  look  in  times  of  dis- 
bat  thou  may  become  acquainted  with  those  tress  and  trial  ;  and  may  He  in  his  mercy  con- 
Shich  are  of  everlasting  importance,  and  jtinue  to  work  upon  thee,  make  thee  humble, 
rhich,  as  they  are  sought  after  and  found, 'tender  anil  watchful;  strengthen  thee  in  thy 
'ettle  and  stay  the  mind  in  peace.  I  know 'good  desires,  and  keep  thee  from  temptation, 
ot  how  to  express  the  comfort  it  has  afforded;  When,  as  thy  eye  is  kept  in  faith  unto  Him, 
pe,  to  believe  that  the  Lord,  in  his  mere}-,  is  I  believe  He  will,  in' his  own  good  time,  give 
lealing  with  thee,  and  that  it  is  his  gracious  thee  a  crown,  and  a  song  of  rejoicing, 
lesign  to  make  thee  his  own  dear  child  ;  that  Tby  affectionate  father,  W.  S." 

ie  is  pleased  at  seasons   both  immediately 

nd  instrumentally  to  afford  thee  the  eonso-  «  Millville,  9th  mo.  4tb,  1S44.— At  our  Quar- 
ations  of  the  gospel ;  and  after  He  has  seen  terly  Meeting,  held  14th  and  lath  of  last 
meet  to  try  thee  with  conflict  and  distress,  to  ■  month,  my  name  was  recorded  as  an  aeknow" 


deep  and  unspeakable  conflict,  and  enabled 
me  at  this  moment  to  feel  a  degree  of  quiet- 
ness and  hope,  will  not  forsake  that  work 
which  He  has  been  pleased  to  revive  in  the 
midst  of  the  years;  but  as  faithfulness  is  sought 
after  and  abode  in,  will  qualify  and  prepare 
for  his  own  work,  ami  uphold  to  the  end.  O! 
saith  my  soul,  may  I  be  preserved  on  the  right 
hand  and  on  the  left,  to  walk  with  fear  and 
trembling  before  Him,  who  has  not  cut  me 
off  in  the  mi'dst  of  my  backslidings,  but  has 
thus  mercifully  enabled  me  to  lay  hold  once 
more  upon  the  hope  set  before  us,  and  to  feel 
a  little  grain  of  faith  in  his  all-sufficient  and 
merciful  arm.  O,  ma}'  dedication  of  heart  bo 
mine  lor  the  remainder  of  my  life  !  and  may 
1  be  willing  to  spend  and  be  spent  in  pro- 
moting the  Lord's  blessed  cause,  being  pre- 
served in  humble  reliance  upon  Him  alone. 

My  mind  has  been  deeply  instructed  in 
being  made  to  perceive  that  the  work  of  the 
Gospel  ministry  is  truly,  in  the  language  of 
John  Woolrnan,  'a  work  of  Divine  love;'  so 
that  it  is  only  as  we  are  favored  with  a  little 
fresh  sense  of  the  putting  forth  of  that  towards 
experienced  to  go 


forth  in  it.  That  if  we  take  a  share  in  this 
weighty  work,  we  must  expect  to  be  as  the 
apostles  were,  'spectacles  to  angels  and  to 
men.'  But  as  we  are  preserved  in  single  child- 
like dependence  upon  Christ,  the  good  Shep- 
herd, we  shall  know  Him  to  be  a  strong  tower 
into  which  we  may  run  and  find  safety." 


John  Wilbur*  to  W.  S. 

"  Hopkinton,  R.  I.,  10th  mo.  21st,  1844. 
My  dear  friend,  \V.  Scattergood,  —  Thy 
valuable  letter  of  7th  mo.  27th,  now  lying  be- 
fore me,  was  truly  deserving  of  an  earlier  an- 
ihine  in  upon  th}' spirit 'as  a  morning  without  !edged  minister  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  swer  than  this.  It  has  been  read  by  divers 
feuds,'  and  as  the  'clear  shining  after  rain.'  jThrouu-h  what  deep  conflict  of  spirit  has  t  his  !j"cHcious  friends,  and  said  by  them  to  be  as 
This  is  the  way  of  his  working  with  all  thoselend  been  obtained  !  Much,  perhaps  all  of  it, ''pertinently  adapted  to  the  state  and  situation 
whom  He  designs  to  redeem  unto  himself ;  'occasioned  by  my  own  fault:  a  want  of  faith  of  thing8  among  us  in  New  England,  as  any 
ind  although  for  a  time  He  may  permit  us  to,jnj  anci  faithfulness  to  that  Divine  power  that  letter  they  have  seen  from  abroad.  I  do  un- 
t>e  tried  with  deep  and  sore  conflicts,  even  visited  me  in  the  days  of  my  youth,  which  reservedly  subscribe  to  their  opinion,  and  in 
llmost  it  would  seem  beyond  what  we  are 'then  opened  to  my  view  this  path  to  walk  in,!tuilt  blessed  unity  and  brotherly  freedom,  in 
ible  to  bear,  yet  as  we  are  patient  and  watch- 'and  in  which  some  feeble  footsteps  were  taken!  iwnicD  there  is  "o  place  for  flattery  or  the 
11,  careful  not  to  turn  aside  in  the  day  of,*  *  *  My  heart  is  animated  in  the  belief  'praise  of  man.  '■ 
by   and    by  arise   with  that  He  who 


In  these  times  when  the  out- 


temptation,  He  wi 


This,  we   are  assured,  is  the  kind  of  parental   re 
concern   now  so  much  needed  in  our  Society 
present 


An   earnest    prayerful    solicitude   for  th 
eternal  welfare  of  their  preciou; 


meeted, 


healing  and  comfort  to  our  souls,  and  we  shall 
nd  that  those  struggles  we  have  undergone 
ave  strengthened  us,  and  that  we  are  thereby 
advanced  in  spiritual  experience,  and  know  a 
qualification  raised  at  times  to  praise  Him  for 
his 

the i  children  of  men.  I  up  and  preserve  on  the  unchangeable  foundation,  Christ 

1  bat   it   may  continue   to  be   thy  desire  to  ,  Jesus.     Were   parents  duly  awakened  to  the  infinite 

value  of  their  own  souls,  for  which  a  Saviour  has  bled 
and  died,  and  also  to  the  fearful  accountability  which 
rests  upon   them  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  train  up 


has  brought  me  thus  far  out  of  ward  bonds  of'church  fellowship  have  become 


goodness,  and  for  his  wonderful  works  to  UvinS  fait1'-  ™ith,,he  turning  of  their  hearts  to  that 
.JiiUmn  ntmon  ever-present    teacher  arid   <  nude,  I  hat  can  alone  build 


know  Him  for  thyself,  is  the  fervent  concer 
Df  thy  dear   parents.     Fear  not  those  diffi- 
culties and   discouragements  which  at  times 
beset  thee,  for  such  have  been  the  trials  of  all 

ho   have   been  engaged  to  follow  the  Lord 
Jesus  in  the  way  of  his  leadings. 

It  is  very  pleasant  to  hear  that was  so 


their  children  not  for  the  world,  but  for  the  Lord 
for  a  very  uncertain  probation  here,  but  for  the  eternal 
age  beyond — they  could  do  no  other  than  have  their 
thoughts  often  turned  towards  these  with  tender  solici- 
tude, as  above  feelingly  conveyed  by  W.  S.,  but  would 
let  into  sympathy  with  "thee".  Mayest' thou  also  se,ek  opportunities  to  direct  them  by  seasonable 
.,        J        ■  r       TT.  ,  J  ,  .      .      counsel  n>  ihetr  hcilv  la-ilceiner  as  the  I'ciimiain  ot  liife, 

give    the    praise   to   Him  to  whom  alone  it  is       wel,  as  pi,,v,,.ri,|,v  <,„„n,,„,i  „,„„,  wi,|,  .heir  own!  of  his  Life,  published  in  1S59 :  596  ^.    Also 
due,  and  remember  that  every  good  and  every  |  souls,  to  his  only  effectual  care  and  keeping.  I  notice  in  "The  Friend,"  vol.  xxix.  p.  304, 


fragile,  through  the  apostacy  of  those  who 
hold  the  reins  in  their  hands,  how  needful 
that  all  who  have  named  the  name  of  Christ, 
should  not  only  depart  from  all  apparent  in- 
iquity, but  should  seek  most  fervently  to  be 
rooted  and  grounded  in  that  which  no  earthly 
power  can  take  from  them  ;  nay,  nor  give  to 
them.  And  when  I  consider  how  little  value 
there  can  be  in  anything  of  the  kind  which  a 
corrupt  body  can  give  or  take  from  me,  I  feel 
quiet  and  contented  to  be  as  I  am,  until  a 
good  Providence  shall  order  otherwise ;  be- 
lieving that  if  best  for  me  to  remain  longer  in 
mutability,  and  to  be  embodied  outwardly  in 


*  John  Wilbur,  an  approved  minister,  deceased  5th 

mo.  1st,  1856,  in  the  82d  year  of  his  age.     See  Journal 

"  ituary 


>() 


THE    FRIEND. 


tho  happy  fellowship  of  dear  brothers  and 
sisters,  that  He  is  able  to  bring  it  to  pass.  Be 
that  as  it  may,  my  tribulations  and  persecu- 
tions hitherto,  have,  as  I  trust,  been  profitable 
to  me  ;  and  I  feel  no  disposition  to  murmur 
nor  complain  :  although  that  which  has  be- 
fallen me,  as  thou  would  readily  believe,  has 
been  a  baptism  most  keen  and  afflictive.  Yet 
there  can  be  no  one  who  has  not  witnessed 
such  a  dispensation,  and  under  the  same  cir- 
cumstances which  have  attended  my  pilgrim- 
age, that  can  fully  realize  the  bitterness  of  my 
sufferings.  And  whether  I  can  say  yea  or 
nay,  '  I  bless  for  all,  and  most  for  the  severe;' 
yet  if  such  or  even  more  severe,  if  such  there 
could  be,  are  needful  to  keep  me  low  enough, 
I  will  submit  and  even  hope  to  rejoice  in  them 
as  I  have,  through  the  abundant  and  unmerit- 
ed mere}7  of  God,  at  seasons,  through  this  long 
fight  of  afflictions,  when  He  deigned  to  be 
sensibly  with  me,  and  to  overshadow,  and  to 
cover  my  mind  as  with  the  canopj7  of  his  love 
and  admirable  goodness.  Then,  oh !  then, 
there  were  none  that  could  trouble  or  make 
me  afraid.  He  by  whose  bidding,  and  by  fol- 
lowing whose  example,  I  had  testified  against 
the  leaven  of  the  Pharisees,  has  so  far  owned 
my  obedience  as  to  keep  me  from  despair,  and  , 
my  head  above  the  mighty  waters;  so  that  i! 
have  not  been  overwhelmed  in  the  dreadful 
hour  of  the  greatest  danger,  nor  forsaken  or 
left  without  a  shield  when  the  spears  of  thirty 
warriors  were  aimed  at  me.  Oh!  how  much 
more  gratitude  and  giving  of  thanks  is  due 
to  Him  who  forsook  me  not,  than  I  am  able 
to  give  or  render.  When  Ho  was  appre-J 
hended,  and  his  soul  was  made  sorrowful  unto 
death,  his  disciples  forsook  Him  and  fled. 
Oh  !  their  ingratitude — their  want  of  godly  j 
zeal  and  Christian  courage.  But  He,  thej 
blessed  Helper,  the  faithful  witness,  the  con-  j 
stant  advocate,  when  the  least,  the  very  least ; 
of  his  followers,  are  reproached  and  brought' 
into  trouble  or  danger,  his  mercy  and  unspeak- ' 
able  goodness  is  such,  that  there  He  is  always 
with  them,  supporting  or  sustaining  them, 
and  teaching  them  in  the  hour  of  dismay,! 
what  they  shall  say  where  words  are  needful,  J 
and  will  not  suffer  them  to  be  tried  beyond 
that  which  lie  will  enable  then  to  endure.! 
Thou  art  well  aware  as  I  apprehend,  my  dear' 
friend,  that  it  is  the  nature  of  evil  with  power 
in  its  hands,  to  prostrate  every  thing  which 
stands  in  the  way  of  its  rule  and  reign.  *  *  * 
The  commiseration  and  true  Christian  sym- 
pathy which  flow  so  freely  through  thy  whole  . 
letter,  brought  thee,  my  dear  friend,  very . 
near  to  all  that  is  alive  within  me;  and  a  little  . 
view  has  opened  in  my  mind,  concerning  a 
coming  forth,  and  a  more  full  development  of , 
gifts  and  sacrifices,  if  the  weird  of  life  is  not 
choked,  but  made  free  in  the  Lord's  power. 
May  thy  dwelling  then  be  in  the  fountain  of 
lite,  from  whence  the  spring  of  living  waters 
flows  forth,  and  the  blessing  will  crown  all. 
Shall  I  hear  from  thee  again  ? 

In  a  degree  of  that  love  which  filleth  all 
things  in  Christ,  I  am,  &c, 

John   Wilbur." 

(To  be  continued.) 


Among  the  Mongols. 

(Continued  from  page  43.) 

The  prevailing  and  almost  universal  religion 
of  the  Mongols  is  the  worship  of  Buddha. 

"One  of  the  first  things  the  missionary 
notices  in  coming  into  contact  with  the  Mon- 
gols, is  the  completeness  of  the  sway  exercised 
over  them  by  their  religion.  Meet  a  Mongol 
on  the  road,  and  the  probability  is,  that  he  is 
saying  his  prayers  and  counting  his  beads  as 
he  rides  along.  Ask  him  where  ho  is  going 
and  on  what  errand,  as  the  custom  is,  and 
likely  be  will  tell  you  he  is  going  to  some 
shrine  to  worship.  Follow  him  to  the  temple, 
and  there  you  will  find  him  one  of  a  company 
with  dust-marked  forehead,  moving  lips,  and 
the  never-absent  beads,  going  the  rounds  of 
the  sacred  place,  prostrating  himself  at  every 
shrine,  bowing  before  every  idol,  and  striking 
pious  attitudes  at  every  new  object  of  rever- 
ence that  meets  his  eye.  Go  to  the  quarters 
where  Mongols  congregate  in  towns,  and  you 
will  find  that  quite  a  number  of  the  shops  and 
a  large  part  of  the  trade  there  are  dependent 
upon  images,  pictures,  and  other  articles  used 
in  worship.  Go  to  Mongolia  itself,  and  pro- 
bably one  of  the  first  great  sights  that  meets 
your  eye  will  be  a  temple  of  imposing  gran- 
deur, resplendent  from  afar  in  colors  and  gold. 
Approach  tents,  and  the  prominent  object  is 
a  flag-staff  with  prayer-flags  fluttering  at  the 
top.  Enter  a  tent,  and  there  right  opposite 
you  as  you  put  your  head  in  at  the  door,  is 
the  family  altar  with  its  gods,  its  hangings, 
its  offerings,  and  its  brass  cups.  Let  them 
make  tea  for  you,  and  before  you  are  asked 
to  drink  it  a  portion  is  thrown  out  by  the  hole 
in  the  roof  of  the  tent,  b}r  way  of  offering. 
Have  them  make  dinner  for  you,  and  you  will 

see  a  portion  of  it  offered  to  the  god  of  thej  when  we  rose  in  th 
fire,  and  after  that  perhaps  you  may  be  asked  was  on  the  wing.  Looking 
to  eat.  Wait  till  evening,  and  then  you  will 
see  the  little  butter  lamp  lighted,  and  set  upon 
the  altar  as  a  pure  offering.  When  bed-time 
comes,  you  will  notice  as  they  disrobe,  that 
each  and  all  wear  at  their  breast  charms  sewn 
up  in  cloth,  or  pictures  of  gods  in  metal  cases 
with  glass  fronts.  In  the  act  of  disrobing, 
prayers  are  said  most  industriously,  and  not 
till  all  are  stretched  on  their  felts  does  the 
sound  of  devotion  cease.  Among  the  first 
things  in  the  morning  you  will  hear  them  at 
their  prayers  again,  and  when  j'our  host 
comes  out  with  you  to  set  you  on  your  way, 
he  will  most  likely  give  you  as  jTour  landmark 
some  cairn,  sacred  for  the  threefold  reason 
that  its  every  stone  was  gathered  and  laid 
with  prayer,  that  prayer-flags  flutter  over  the 


By  aspiring  to  bo  like  God  in  power,  the 
angels  transgressed  and  fell;  by  aspiring  to 
be  like  God  in  knowledge,  man  transgressed 
and  fell,  but  by  aspiring  to  tho  similitude  of 
the  Deify  iii  goodness  ami  love,  neither  man 
nor  angel  over  transgressed,  nor  shall  trans- 
gress, tor  unto  that  imitation  are  we  called.'' 
— Bacon. 


I  that  it  is  the  supposed  resi- 
deity  that  presides  over   the 


nt  doctrine  in  their  re- 
1  of  the  soul.  This  their 
il  clearly.  I  never  yet 
moment  doubted  it,  or 
I'hen  asked  to  tell  what 


dence    of  the 
neighborhood. 

"  The  most  promini 
ligion  is  the immortalit 
mind  grasps  firmly  ai 
met  a  man  who  for  a 
hesitated  in  the.  least 
he  knew  about  it.  The)'  scorn  the  thought 
that  the  soul  began  its  life  with  the  body,  and 
scorn  the  idea  that  its  life  should  end  with 
the  death  of  the  body.  For  countless  thou- 
sands of  ages  the  soul  has  been  living  on, 
sometimes  taking  one  birth,  sometimes  an- 
other; for  countless  thousands  of  ages  it  shall 
live  on,  taking  higher  or  lower  births,  accord- 
ing to  its  merits  or  sin  ;  but  still  the  same  in- 
dividual soul,  the  same  unchanged  spiritual 
being." 


"Moreover,  they  acknowledge  souls  not 
men  merely,  but  also  in  every  living  thin 
The  beast,  the  bird,  the  insect,  the  repti 
are  animated  by  souls  as  everlasting,  and 
capable  of  great  things  as  their  own.  T 
bodies  of  these  beings  are,  in  fact,  onty  soi 
cases  ;  and  at  a  former  period  their  own  sou 
as  they  suppose,  may  have  taken  such  birtl 
and  may  take  such  births  again.  Mongol 
is  thinly  peopled,  and  Mongols  have  mui 
solitary  travelling  and  herding,  but  they  a 
not  alone,  as  we  should  be.  Everywhe 
around  them,  in  the  flocks  they  herd,  in  t! 
beasts  thy  ride,  and  in  the  birds  that  flit  pa 
them,  and  in  the  insects  that  annoy  thei' 
they  recognise  spiritual  existences." 

It  is  probable  that  on  this  belief  is  foundi, 
the  prohibition  of  taking  the  life  of  any  ai 
mal,  and  the  humanity  which  is  shown  to  tl 
meanest  creatures. 

"One  of  the  best  proofs  of  the  habitual  kin 
ness  of  the  Mongol,  is  the  tameness  of  tl 
birds  on  the  plateau.  Crows  perch  thei 
selves  on  the  top  of  loaded  camels,  and  d 
liberately  steal  Chinamen's  rusks  and  Mongo 
mutton,  before  the  very  eyes'of  the  vocife 
ating  owners;  hawks  swoop  down  in  tl 
market-place  at  Urga,  and  snatch  eatabl 
from  the  hands  of  the  unwary,  who  simp' 
accuse  the  thief  of  patricide  and  pass  on  ;  at 
swallows,  year  after  year,  build  their  nes 
and  rear  their  young  inside  the  very  tents 
the  Mongols.  A  Mongolian's  pity  seems 
flow  out  freely  towards  the  suffering  of  8 
creatures,  even  the  meanest  and  most  vex 
tious.  My  bald-headed  camel-driver  was  nea 
ly  driven  to  distraction  one  evening  by 
cloud  of  mosquitoes,  which  kept  hovering  ovi 
and  alighting  on  his  shining  pate.  Burin 
the  night  there  came  a  touch  of  frost,  an 
;  not  an  insei 
t  them  as  the 
clung  benumbed  to  the  sides  of  the  tent,  I 
remarked,  'The  mosquitoes  are  frozen  ;'  an 
then  added,  in  a  tone  of  sincere  sympath 
the  Mongol  phrase  expressive  of  pit}-,  'Jfoari 
Hoarhe.'  There  was  no  sarcasm  or  hypocris 
about  it. 

"  The  popular  idea  of  heaven  is,  that  it  is 
place  whei-e  hunger  and  thirst  are  felt  r 
more,  where  there  is  no  more  sickness  ( 
weariness,  no  more  suffering  or  pain,  n 
scorching  heat,  no  biting  cold  ;  a  place  whei 
the  holy  in  perfect  bliss  rejoice  in  the  shad 
of  trees  green  with  perpetual  spring,  an 
pluck  fruits  mellow  with  perpetual  autumi 
a  place  where  old  friends  meet  and  pass  the 
existence  for  ever,  within  sound  of  ceaselei 
prayers,  which  are  said  for  tho  benefit  of  a 
animated  beings.  The  tortures  of  hell,  c 
purgatory,  whichever  you  may  prefer  to  ca 
it,  are  described  with  a  minuteness  and  deta 
too  horrible  for  us  to  dwell  on;  but  there 
one  thing  worth  remarking,  that  is,  the  fitnei 
of  the  punishment  to  the  sin.  Just  take  or 
example.  A  man  has  lived  and  died  a  gluttoi 
The  consequence  is,  that  he  is  punished  b 
hunger,  lie  is  born  with  perhaps  a  body  si 
large  as  a  mountain,  and  a  stomach  capacioi 
as  a  cavern  ;  food  is  within  his  reach,  and  h 
is  as  hungry  as  all  tho  wolves  in  Siberia  ;  b 
would  eat,  hut  his  mouth  is  as  small  as 
needle's  eye,  ami  his  throat  is  as  narrow  as 
hair.  Gluttony  was  his  sin,  and  hunger  is  h 
punishment.  If  is  the  same  all  through; 
man's  punishment  springs  directly  from  hi 
sin." 

The    Mpnsol  believes    that   at   death,    hi 


THE    FRIEND. 


61 


ood  and  bad  actions  are  balanced  against 
ich  other.  If  tbe  good  are  more,  he  rises  in 
ie  scale  of  existence  ;  if  the  bad  are  more,  he 
nks.  He  goes  on  pilgrimages,  makes  offer- 
igs  to  the  temples,  feeds  the  hungry,  &c,  be- 
luse  these  acts  are  considered  meritorious, 
rid  go  into  the  scale  that  decides  his  fate. 
taking  merit  occupies  a  large  part  of  his 
oughts. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

JINISTRY — ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    ITS    EXERCISE. 

The  records  which  are  contained  in  the 
ournals  and  Letters  of  some  of  those  who 
ave  been  largely  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
inistry,  of  the  manner  in  which  thej'  have 
een  led  in  the  exercise  of  the  gifts  and  call- 
lg  bestowed  upon  them,  contain  much  that 

interesting  and  instructive. 

In  a  letter  to  his  wife,  in  which  he  freely 
nbosoms  his  exercises  to  his  beloved  partner, 
ob  Scott  thus  speaks  of  his  labors  among  the 
eople  of  North  Carolina  in  1789:  "I  have, 
ncc  I  last  wrote  thee,  passed  through  some 
f  the  most  painful  and  distressing  seasons 
bat  I  almost  ever  knew.  Indeed,  I  often 
nought,  were  it  not  for  my  fervency  of  love 

0  thee,  and  the  dear  babes,  with  a  few  other 
ear  relatives,  death  would  not  be  unwelcome 
j  me;  but  then  I  also  saw,  that  that  would 
ot  do  tbe  work  of  my  soul's  thorough  refine- 
)ent  and  perfect  submission,  nor  finish  the 
rork  which  my  blessed  Redeemer  has  en- 
aged  me  in,  for  the  souls  of  others;  a  work, 
he  weight  whereof,  as  it  cometh  upon  me 
aily,  I  have  no  words  to  convey  an  adequate 
lea  of,  to  an}-  that  have  not  learned  it  in  a 
chool  of  like  painful  experience.  But  I  see 
ftener  than  the  morning,  that  I  must  not 
lurmur,  nay,  not  even  inwardly  ;  nor  indeed, 
ave  I  any  cause  ;  for  all  these  dippings,  strip- 
ings,  bowings  down,  and  painful  sinkings, 
re  necessary  preparations,  and  strength  ; 
Itterance  and  ability,  without  lack,  seem  to 

the  almost  daily  consequence.  The  work 
oes  on  and  prospers,  to  ray  great  admiration  ; 
ea.  and  prostration  of  soul  before  Him,  with- 
ut  whom  I  am  nothing  and  can  do  nothing. 

often  marvel,  and  am  almost  amazed  at  that 
fenderful  fulness  and  strength  of  Divine  en- 
irgy,  wherewith  I  am  day  by  day  furnished, 
is  it  were  out  of  the  depths  of  emptiness  and 
cant  of  all  things.  *  *  Oh  I  the  tenderness, 
he  brokenness,  the  sighs  and  tears,  which 
Bern  irresistibly  to  flow  forth,  and  abound 

om  meeting  to  meeting  among  many  whose 
earts  seem  pierced  with  the  pure  power  of 
he  word  of  life." 
'  I  used,  some  years  past,  if  I  was  highly 
ored,  to  feel  for  a  good  while  after,  often 
or  many  days,  great  cheerfulness  and  conso- 
ation  ;  but  now,  I  sink  right  into  my  own 
othingness,  and  feel  as  empty  as  ever,  saving 

clear  and  comfortable  evidence  that  I  am 
n  the  way  of  my  duty.  So  that  I  get  a  prettj- 
ull  clearance  at  almost  every  place  ;  and  that 

do  not  go  beyond  my  commission.  So  I 
Iroop  on  till  the  next  meeting;  though  for  an 
our  or  two  before  it  begins,  I  often  feel  the 
veight  of  it,  as  heavy  almost  as  I  can  endure. 

have  indeed,  now  and  then,  a  time  of  great 
elief  and  refreshment  out  of  meeting;    but 
much  the  greater  part  of  the  time  heavily 
aden  and  in  the  deeps. 

Thou  knowest  that  in  any  work,  mowing, 

1  hoeing,  &c.,  what  my  hand  finds  to  do,  I  do 


t  with  nearly  all  my  might,  even  though  I 
strive  to  be  moderate  ;  so  it  is  in  meetings.  I 
think,  now  I  will  be  deliberate,  moderate  and 
gentle.  And  so  I  am.  for  a  little  space,  some- 
times for  a  good  while;  but  by  and  bj*  the 
rent  almost  irresistibly  carries  me  away 
h  such  ardor  and  earnestness  that  the 
sweat  flows  so  as  to  run  from  me  almost  in 
streams  ;  and  though  I  often  lower,  and  try 
to  make  less  sail,  I  am  soon  again  with  lull- 
spread  sails,  and  a  strong  gale." 

In  writing  to  Sarah  R.  Grubb,  who,  though 
young  in  years,  had  travelled  much  in  the 
service  of  her  Master,  and  who  was  then  very 
near  the  close  of  life,  Richard  Shackleton  thus 
expresses  his  conviction  of  the  wisdom  of 
those  trials  and  baptisms  which  are  often 
meted  out  to  the  faithful  laborer:  "I  believe 
that  those  who  ascend  to  the  greatest  heights 
of  the  holy  hill,  and  as  instruments  are  made 
most  eminently  useful ;  I  believe  that  these 
have  to  descend  proportionably  into  the  lower 
parts  of  the  earth,  and  have  the  greatest  need 
to  experience  a  being  buried  with  Christ,  by 
baptism  into  death.  Such  is  the  frailty  and 
fallibility  of  our  compound  natures,  that  the 
great  Author  of  them  knows  there  is  a  neces- 
sity for  our  undergoing  repeated  humiliations 
and  abasement  of  self,  that  we  may  know  and 
feel,  and  be  made  thoroughly  sensible  of  this 
important,  essential  truth:  that  '  we  are  not 
sufficient  of  ourselves  even  to  think  any  good 
thing,  as  of  ourselves,  but  our  sufficiency  is 
of  God.'  " 

It  is  recorded  of  one  of  the  Tennants,  that 
when  meditating  on  a  subject  for  a  discourse 
which  he  was  expected  to  deliver  at  a  meet- 
ing for  public  worship,  he  was  assaulted  with 
the  temptation,  that  the  Bible  was  not  of  Di- 
vine authority,  but  the  invention  of  man. 
All  efforts  to  repel  the  temptation  seemed 
unavailing,  and  his  mind  became  so  agitated 
and  distressed  that  all  the  thoughts  which  he 
had  collected  in  connection  with  his  proposed 
sermon  disappeared,  nor  could  he  think  of  any 
subject  on  which  to  speak. 

In  this  tried  condition  he  went  to  the  place 
of  assembling  where  he  found  a  large  congre- 
gation collected,  waiting  to  hear  him.  He 
was  now  more  distressed  than  ever,  especially 
for  the  dishonor  which  he  feared  would  fall 
upon  religion  through  him  that  day.  When 
the  usual  time  for  prayer  arrived,  he  arose,  as 
one  in  a  most  painful  and  perilous  situation, 
and  with  arms  extended  to  heaven  exclaimed, 
"Lord,  have  mercy  upon  me!"  In  the  utter- 
ance of  this  heart  felt  petition,  the  cloud  broke 
away,  and  light  shone  upon  his  soul.  A  deep 
solemnity  spread  over  the  people,  heavenly 
help  seemed  administered  to  him,  and  the  op- 
portunity was  so  blessed  to  his  audience,  that 
he  ever  afterwards  spoke  of  it  as  "  the  harvest 
day." 

His  experience  was  similar  to  that  of  a 
colored  Methodist  minister  in  Norfolk,  Vir- 
ginia, with  whom  the  writer  of  these  articles 
met  a  few  years  since.  Whilst  visiting  among 
some  of  the  sick  and  afflicted  in  that  city, 
reference  was  made  to  a  sermon  which  had 
produced  an  unusual  impression  on  the  peo- 
ple. My  curiosity  was  awakened,  and  I  in- 
quired of  the  minister  what  there  was  about 
it  which  was  out  of  the  usual  course.  He  re- 
plied in  substance,  that  his  feelings  on  that 
occasion  were  not  like  what  he  usually  ex- 
perienced. He  had  gone  to  the  meeting  with 
a  sermon  prepared  to  deliver  according  to  his 
general  custom.     But  on  taking  his  place  be- 


fore the  audience,  he  felt  a  Divine  command 
not  to  preach  the  sermon  which  he  had 
brought  with  him.  This  prohibition  was  so 
clear  and  positive,  that  he  did  not  dare  to  dis- 
obey it ;  yet  no  other  subject  presented  to  his 
mind,  and  be  sat  there  humbled  and  helpless. 
In  accordance  with  the  custom  among  the 
Methodists,  a  portion  of  Scripture  was  read, 
and  a  word  or  expression  in  that  fastened 
upon  his  mind.  With  this  he  arose,  and  as 
he  kept  close  to  the  Divine  Guide  he  was  led 
on  from  one  thing  to  another,  till  a  degree  of 
tenderness  and  brokenness  was  manifested 
among  the  people,  such  as  he  had  never  be- 
fore witnessed. 

Perhaps  there  are  none  who  have  been 
rightly  exercised  in  this  service,  but  have 
been  conscious  of  a  marked  difference  in  the 
degree  of  Divine  help  afforded  them  at  dif- 
ferent times  ;  and  have  been  sensible  that  any 
spiritual  benefit  to  tbe  people  must  depend  on 
the  Lord's  blessing.  One  who  ministers  at 
stated  times  recently  remarked  to  one  of  my 
friends,  that  he  sometimes  felt  that  a  measure 
of  life  and  unction  attended  his  sermons  which 
was  not  perceptible  on  other  occasions.  The 
same  idea  was  expressed  by  another  such 
minister,  who  said  that  sometimes  he  preached 
but  often  he  only  talked.  These  experiences 
area  confirmation  of  the  doctrine  ever  held  by 
the  Society  of  Friends,  that  all  true  gospel 
Iministiy  must  come  from  the  Head  of  the 
Church  who  alone  can  confer  the  gift,  and 
instruct  his  servants  when  and  how  to  exer- 
cise it. 

The  blessing  which  may  attend  the  labors 
of  a  minister  is  often  hid  from  his  eyes;  so 
that  he  may  be  preserved  from  self-exaltation 
and  kept  in  a  humble  condition,  out  of  which 
there  is  no  safety  for  the  poor  instrument. 
It  is  related  of  John  Knox,  not  the  Scottish 
Reformer,  but  long  the  Chairman  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Committee  of  the  American  Tract  So- 
ciety, that  during  a  sermon  which  he  preached 
on  one  occasion,  he  bad  the  feeling  that  he 
was  speaking  to  no  purpose,  and  at  the  close 
seemed  to  himself  to  have  made  an  absolute 
failure.  He  said  he  longed  for  a  sort  of  trap- 
door in  the  floor  of  the  pulpit,  through  which 
he  might  let  himself  down,  and  so  get  awa}r, 
without  having  to  face  his  hearers.  He  got 
home  somehow,  swallowing  his  mortification 
as  best  be  could.  The  next  day  his  engage- 
ments led  him  to  a  place  where  several  of  his 
audience  of  the  previous  day  were  collected 
together.  One  of  them  said  to  him,  "  Doctor, 
would  you  like  to  see  the  sermon  you  gave  us 
last  night?"  "No,  indeed,  was  the  answer, 
"  that  is  just  tbe  last  thing  I  have  any  desire 
to  see."  Then  his  friend  told  him  that  he  had 
been  so  impressed  with  his  discourse,  which 
seemed  to  him  uncommonly  weighty  and 
judicious,  that  on  returning  home  he  sat  down 
and  made  as  exact  a  transcript  of  the  whole 
utterance  as  he  could.  He  rejoiced  to  have 
as  a  permanent  possession,  always  within 
reach,  such  an  admirable  presentation  of  scrip- 
tural truth. 

The  experience  of  the  Society  of  Friends  as 
to  the  exercise  of  ministry  by  women  as  well 
as  by  men,  has  verified  the  truth  of  the  pro- 
phetical declaration:  "I  will  pour  out  my  spirit 
on  all  flesh,  and  your  sons  and  your  daughters 
shall  prophesy."  We  can  testify  that  the 
Divine  Gift  is  bestowed  without  distinction 
of  sex.  Among  some  other  religious  denom- 
inations a  degree  of  liberty  is  given  for  women 
to  eDgage  in  this  service,  though   not  very 


52 


THE    FRIEND. 


freely.  Among  the  Wesleyans  in  England, 
women  liave  often  apoken  in  religious  meet- 
ings; though  perhaps  less  frequently  now 
than  formerly.  Among  others,  a  very  excel- 
lent woman  named  .Mary  Collet,  a  YVesleyan, 
believed  she  was  called  of  the  Lord  to  preach, 
and  frequently  did  so.  The  Wesleyan  Super- 
intendent of  the  district  in  which  she  resided, 
was  only  half-satisfied  with  women's  preach- 
ing; and  on  one  occasion  gave  notice  that  he 
would  himself  conduct  the  services  at  a  time 
and  place  where  in  regular  course  Mary 
Collet  would  have  spoken.  Accordingly  he 
came,  and  when  the  time  came,  stood  up  and 
gave  out  the  text  on  which  he  designed  found- 
ing his  discourse.  But  he  was  utterly  unable 
to  go  on.  Every  appropriate  idea  disappeared, 
and  after  struggling  in  vain  to  find  something 
to  say,  he  was  compelled  to  call  on  Mary 
Collet,  who  was  seated  among  the  audience, 
to  come  and  take  his  place.  Her  mind  was 
under  exercise  for  the  people,  and  she  was 
able  to  obtain  relief  for  herself. 


For  "  The  Friend. 


Weeds. 

The  article  on  Weeds,  contained  in  No.  4 
of  the  present  volume  of  "The  Friend,"  ap- 
pears to  be  worthy  of  more  than  a  passing 
notice,  both  on  account  of  its  practical  hints 
as  well  as  its  more  important  spiritual  signifi- 
cations. It  has  been  well  said  by  some  one, 
the  author  not  known,  that — ■ 

"  If  good  we  plant  not,  vice  will  till  the  place, 
As  rankest  weeds  the  richest  soil  deface." 
Lest,  however,  some  young  agriculturist,  or 
even  horticulturist  may  be  discouraged  by 
the  idea  that  it  is  essential  to  extirpate  by  the 
roots  every  noxious  weed  that  is  found  grow- 
ing on  his  premises,  it  may  be  a  relief  to  re- 
member that  all  vegetable  growth  requires 
some  light  an"d  air,  and  if  persistently  cut  off 
just  below  the  surface  of  the  earth,  the  roots 
will  eventually  die. 

The  writer  remembers  hearing  one  of  Ches- 
ter county's  most  experienced  and  successful 
farmers  speak  of  having  effectually  destroyed 
the  Canada  thistle  on  a  farm  to  which  he  had 
recently  moved,  after  using  various  other 
remedies,  by  setting  several  men  at  work 
with  sharp  hoes,  who  went  side  by  side  across 
the  field  until  the  whole  had  been  gone  over, 
perhaps  several  times,  and  by  cutting  off  the 
thistle  just  below  the  surface  of  the  ground 
completely  destroj'ed  it.  In  a  town  lot,  dan- 
delions, garlic,  &c,  can  be  got  rid  of  in  the 
same  manner:  for  this  work  a  convenient 
and  effectual  implement  can  be  made  from  a 
wornout  flat  file,  hammered  out  thin  to  2  or 
2h  inches  width,  the  upper  end  to  be  inserted 
in  a  light  wood  D  handle.  The  use  of  such 
an  implement  will  be  found  unfatigtting  and 
very  satisfactoty  in  its  results. 

A  law  exists  and  is  useful  in  Chester  Co., 
Pa.,  which  subjects  any  one  to  a  fine  for  allow- 
ing pernicious  weeds  to  go  to  seed  on  his 
premises.  W.  P.  T. 

"  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  let  not  the  wise  man 
glory  in  his  wisdom,  neither  let  the  mighty 
man  glory  in  his  might,  let  not  the  rich  man 
glory  in  his  riches:  But  let  him  that  glorieth, 
glory  in  this,  that  he  understandeth  and 
knoweth  me,  that  I  am  the  Lord  which  exer- 
cise loving-kindness,  judgment,  and  right- 
eousness in  the  earth:  for  in  these  things  J 
delight,  saith  the  Lord." — Jeremiah  ix.  23- 
24. 


Selected. 

FINISH  THY  WORK— THEN  REST. 

"  Blessed  are  ye  that  sow  beside  all  waters." 

Finish  thy  work — the  time  is  short, 

The  sun  is  in  the  west, 
The  night  is  coming  on— till  then 

Think  not  of  rest. 

Yes!  finish  all  thy  work — then  rest; 

Till  then,  rest  never; 
The  rest  prepared  for  thee  by  God 

Is  rest  forever. 

Finish  thy  work  ;  then  wipe  thy  brow, 

Ungird  thee  from  thy  toil ; 
Take  breath,  and  from  each  weary  limb 

Shake  off  the  soil. 

Finish  thy  work — then  sit  thee  down, 

On  some  celestial  hill, 
And  of  its  strength-reviving  air 

Take  thon  thy  fill. 

Finish  thy  work — then  go  in  peace, 

Life's  battle  fought  and  won  ; 
Hear  from  the  throne  thy  Master's  voice 

"  Well  done  !   Well  done  !" 

Give  thanks  to  Him,  who  held  thee  up 

In  all  thy  path  below  : 
Who  sees  thee  ;  faithful  unto  death — 

And  crowns  thee  now  1 

For  "  The  Friend." 

MONOSYLLABIC. 
The  bell  rings  out  a  soft,  sweet  chime, 
To  tell  the  hour  of  gray,  old  time. 
And  through  the  glass  the  grains  of  sand 
Count  the  same  inarch  as  yon  steel  hands. 
The  night  comes  on  and  spreads  her  veil, 
Still  as  the  mist  forms  clouds  that  sail 
O'er  earth,  in  folds  of  clear  bright  sheen — 
Spreads  veil  of  shade  where  late  were  seen 
The  shafts  of  gold  from  orb  of  day; 
Flung  out  by  him,  as  on  his  way. 
He,  too,  sped  on  to  mark  time's  flight. 
And  now,  the  folds  in  veil  of  night, 
Are  set  with  stars,  like  gems,  most  rare, 
Which  gleam  with  hues  both  rich  and  fair; 
While  through  the  dome  of  blue  on  high, 
Sails  the  pale  moon,  the  queen  of  sky. 
Like  dew,  fall  peace  and  rest  o'er  earth, 
To  bush  all  din,  to  still  rude  mirth. 
The  tasks  and  toils  of  day  are  done, — 
The  end,  bard  sought,  at  last  is  won. 
And  now  1  sit,  in  mood  of  bliss, 
And  think  on  that  world,  and  on  this; 
And  know  best  good,  or  there  or  here, 
Is  known  the  best  wben  love  is  near; 
That  love  which  knows  nor  fear  nor  doubt; — 
By  love  from  life,  these  are  cast  out. 
Aye,  there  is  love  whose  veil  of  peace, 
Folds  us  in  rest  when  our  toils  cease. 
And  in  that  love  no  pangs  of  fear 
Can  pierce  the  heart,  for  Thou  art  near, 
Our  Lord,  our  friend,  our  peace,  our  rest, 
And  in  thy  love  our  love  is  blest. 
And  o'er  us,  like  a  dome  of  blue, 
Spreads  the  high  vault  of  pure  and  true, 
In  which  thy  gems  of  price  are  set, — 
Set  where  thy  love  and  truth  have  met. 
And  faith,  with  us,  like  moon  with  earth, 
Keeps  pledge  that  Thou  wilt  give  new  birth 
To  a  new  day  of  joy  and  light, 
With  strength  to  work  from  rest  of  night. 

A.  L.  Washburn. 


to  be  with  the  multitude,  common  usage 
no  argument  for  the  Christian  ;  and  if  w 
differ  from  others  by  a  consistent  tcstimon 
against  ornament  and  change  of  fashion,  w 
must  become  singular,  and  it  is  singularit 
which  marks  us  as  Friends  ;  and  what  w 
think  founded  on  right  principle  for  ourselvtj 
must  also  bo  so  for  our  children.  Simplicit 
and  absence  of  ornament  is  undoubtedly 
Christian  requirement. — H.  C.  Backhouse.    ] 


I  am  persuaded  that  if  we  bear  a  consistent 
testimony  against  that  which  springs  from 
vanit}',  decking  the  person  with  ornaments, 
and  changeable  suits  of  apparel,  and  changing 
for  the  sake  of  fashion,  we  must  fall  into  a 
very  simple  manner  of  dressing,  and  that 
very  much  of  a  uniform  one,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  those  real  improvements  that  tend 
both  to  ease  and  health,  which  have  nothing 
to  do  with  conformity  to  the  world  for  the 
sake  of  conformity.  In  following  such  a  line 
of  conduct,  it  is  self-evident  that  we  must 
differ  from  the  majority,  But  as  truth  and 
righteousness  have  never  vet  been  supposed 


For  "The  Friend.' 


Consistency  in  religious  profession  is 
practical  evidence  of  convincement  and  coti 
version.  Faithfulness  in  the  maintenance 
all  its  Christian  doctrines,  principles,  test 
monies  and  observances — uprightness,  hot 
est}',  integrity,  strict  justice  in  all  our  dea 
ings  with  our  fellow-men  individually,  c 
collectively,  will  strengthen  and  establish  u 
under  the  blessing  of  the  great  Head  of  tb 
Church  ;  and  others,  seeing  "the  good  works, 
(wrought  through  faithfulness  and  obedienc 
to  the  Divine  law  written  in  the  heart),  wil 
also  be  led  to  glorify  our  Father  who  i 
Heaven. 

"The  strait  and  narrow  way  leading 
life  eternal,"  is  not  always  smooth  and  easy 
To  those  who  follow  the  injunction,  watel 
and  pray,  etc.,  there  come  many  trials 
close  provings;  vessels  fitted  for  use  mus 
pass  through  "  the  fire."  "  Gold  is  tried  in  thi 
tire  and  acceptable  men  in  the  furnace  of  af 
fliction."  The  Great  Refiner  waits  to  set 
his  image  reflected  in  those  He  is  fitting!; 
for  his  own  purposes.  He  watches  the  proj 
cess,  that  it  may  be  made  perfect.  There  if 
great  safety  in  quietness  and  submission- 
being  passive  in  his  bands — trusting  when  we 
know  not  why.  All  these  things  must  be. 
But  the  waking  to  newness  of  life  means 
service  in  the  Lord's  sanctuary.  Knowledge 
is  unfolded,  and  obedience  called  for.  We 
realize  our  own  frailty  and  insufficiency,  and 
are  reminded  on  every  hand — "Without  me 
ye  can  do  nothing."  The  promised  strength 
in  weakness,  comes  in  the  time  of  need, 
while  redeeming  mercy  with  tender  com- 
passion "  saves  us  by  the  angel  of  his  pres- 
ence." May  He  continue  to  be  mindful  of  us, 
strengthen  and  uphold  his  trusting  children, 
continue  to  revisit  the  rebellious  and  unwill- 
ing, bring  to  light  the  exercises  of  the  hidden 
ones,  and  minister  to  the  need  of  every  soul, 
that  each  may  give  the  glory  and  the  honor, 
the  praise  and  thanksgiving,  "to  Him  who 
calls  out  of  darkness  into  his  marvellous 
light,  and  from  the  power  of  Satan  unto 
God."  Oh,  let  us  be  willing  for  Him  to 
cleanse  and  purify  our  hearts,  that  the 
"guest  chamber"  therein  may  ever  be  found 
ready  for  Him,  in  the  full  confidence  that  the 
lamp  He  hath  lighted  will  be  supplied  with  the 
oil  of  the  kingdom,  when  "the  day  is  far 
spent  and  the  evening  of  life  closes  around 
us."  And  if  in  this  state  of  varied  discipline 
wo  have  been  made  partakers  of  his  sutl'cr- 
ing — receiving  likewise  our  measure  of  the 
promised  "peccable  fruits  of  righteousness,'" 
wo  shall  also  (through  his  abundant  love  and 
mercj')  lie  permitted  to  enter  into  the  joy  of 
our  Lord  and  the  full  and  glorified  fruition  of 
that  soul-satisfying  rest— prepared  for  the 
redeemed  of  all  generations. 

"  Be  ye  therefore  perfect,  even  as  your. 
Father  which  is  in  heaveu  is  perfect."  — 
Matthew  v.  48. 


THE    FRIEND. 


-33 


Gather  the  Fragments. 

I  The  following  certificate  of  removal  of  200 
years  ago  will  probably  interest  many  of  the 
jheadersof  "The  Friend:" 

GEORGE    MARIS. 

I  The  following  certificate  was  brought  from 
England  for  himself  and  family  by  George 
Maris,  an  eminent  minister  among  the  early 
Friends,  and  presented  to  Darby  Monthly 
Meeting,  Pennsylvania.  A  copy  is  still  pre- 
served among  the  records  of  that  meeting: 

"  From  our  meeting  at  Hattswell  in  the  pish 
[parish]  of  Inkborough  and  county  of  Wor- 
cester, in  Old  England,  to  which  meeting  our 
friends  hereafter  mentioned  did  belong,  the 
6th  of  the  third  month,  1683. 

"To  Friends  in  Pennsylvania  —  Dear 
ffriends: — We,  whose  names  are  here  sub- 
scribed, thought  good  to  give  you  this  short 
testimony  concerning  our  (Friend  George 
Maris,  with  his  wife  and  children*  of  the 
pish  of  Grafton,  of  the  County  and  Nation 
aforesaid  : 

"  Whereas,  our  dear  ffriend  before  mention- 
ed, hath  laid  before  us  his  intention  of  trans- 
porting himself  and  family  into  your  coun- 
try, he  being  free  to  leave  our  country,  wee 
have  nothing  against  his  going,  but  do  con- 
descend to  him  therein — and  this  may  cer- 
tify to  all  ffriends  and  others  whom  it  may 
concern,  that  wee  have  this  further  to  sa}' 
for  our  dear  ffriend,  George  Maris,  that 
wee  have  had  good  knowledge  of  his  Life 
;and  Conversation,  And  wee  have  known  it 
:to  be  such  that  hath  adorned  the  Gospel  of 
Christ;  and  bath  been  a  good  example  in 
his  place,  And  a  man  ye  bent  of  whoso  heart 
hath  been  to  serve  ye  Lord,  And  all  people 
In  Love;  And  hath  not  spared  to  spend  and 
to  be  spent  for  ye  service  of  Truth.  And 
this  wee  can  say  wee  do  not  know  of  uny 
person,  either  ffriend  or  others  that  bath 
ought  against  him,  his  wife  or  children,  upon 
any  just  account  whatsoever;  And  surely 
ffriends,  wee  could  have  been  glad  if  it  bad 
been  so  ordered  that  they  might  have  spent 
the  remaining  part  of  their  days  with  us, 
who  have  lived  together  in  true  love  and 
unity  for  many  3'ears.  And  dear  ffriends  in 
the  unknown  parts  of  America,  having  given 
you  this  short  account  of  those,  our  ffriends, 
though  far  short  of  what  lives  in  our  hearts 
for  them,  more  of  which  wee  could  give  in 
truth  if  need  require,  but  hoping  when  you 
meet  your  sense  of  each  other  in  the  Truth 
will  be  a  confirmation  of  what  we  have  testi- 
fied, wee  remain  your  ffriends,  Brothers  and 
Sisters,  in  the  love  that  makes  us  wiiling  to 
submit  to  the  will  of  God  in  all  things. 

(Signed  by  fourteen  men  and  women — 
Friends.) 


counsels  extended — and  the  sympathy  which 
enabled  the  writers  to  rejoice  with  those  that 
rejoice,  and  to  weep  with  those  that  weep. 

Here  were  letters  which  pf.ssed  between 
those  who  became  attached  when  school-girls 
together,  and  who  never  ceased  to  remember 
each  other  with  affectionate  interest,  though 
living  so  remotely  as  rarely,  if  ever  to  have 
the  feeling  '•sharpened"  by  beholding  the 
"countenance"  of  each  other.  The  details 
of  the  occurrences  in  which  the  writers  were 
interested,  and  the  renewed  assurances  of  love 
and  interest,  were  no  doubt  valuableand  help- 
ful to  the  recipients;  and  still  retain  a  certain 
value  to  those  who  knew  and  loved  the  parties 
concerned.  But  in  a  few  years  these  too 
will  have  left  this  scene  ;  and  then,  who  will 
care  tor  these  evidences  of  the  love  of  those 
whom  they  never  knew?  The  generations 
which  succeed  us  will  find  abundant  employ 
ment  for  their  time,  energies  and  sympathies 
in  the  ever-recurring  duties  of  life.  They  will 


Though  these  have  passed  away,  3-et  how 
consoling  is  the  assurance — "the  joy  and 
song  of  many  generations  "—that"  "'Thou, 
O  Lord,  remainest  forever;  thy  throne  from 
generation  to  generation:"  that  his  tender 
mercies  are  over  all  his  works;  that  "He 
deligbteth  in  mercy.  lie  will  turn  again,  He 
will  have  compassion  "  upon  all  who  seek  his 
face,  and  remember  his  commandments  to  do 
them. 

The  River  without  a  Bridge. 

Among  the  picturesque  visions  of  our  life, 
it  is  likely  no  other  ever  made  more  impres- 
sion than  that  of  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  just 
at  the  close,  when  Christian  anil  Hopeful 
had  arrived  in  sight  of  the  gate  of  the  Beau- 
tiful City- :  "Now  I  furthur  saw  that  be- 
twixt them  and  the  gate  was  a  river,  but 
there  was  no  bridge  to  go  over;  the  river 
was  very  deep.  At  the  sight,  therefore,  of 
this  river,  the  pilgrims  were  much  stunned; 
form  friendships  which  will  sweeten  their j but  the  men  that  went  with  them  said,  '  You 
passage  through  time — the  same  cares  and |  must  go  through,  or  you  cannot  come  at  the 
sorrows  which  befell  those  who  have  gone  gate.'  The  pilgrims  then  began  to  inquire  if 
before,  will  oppress  and  sadden  them,— the  there  was  no  other  way  to  the  gate  ;  to  which 
same  sweet  fountains  of  sympathy  will  be  they  answered.  'Yes;  but  there  hatb  not 
opened— and  the  same  cycle  of  lite  will  be  any  save  two,  to-wit,  Enoch  and  Elijah,  been 
passed  through.  The  faculties  given  us  by  permitted  to  tread  that  path  since  the  foun- 
our  all-wise  Creator  enable  us  to  include  but  dation  of  the  world,  nor  shall  any  until  the 
a  very  minute  portion  of  the  great  human  last  trump  shall  sound.'  The  pilgrims  then, 
family  in  the  circle  of  our  knowledge  or  especially  Christian,  began  to  despond  in 
special  interest.  Known  only  to  Him,  the  their  minds,  and  looked  this  way  and  that, 
common  Father  of  all,  are  the  needs,  the  de-  hut  no  way  could  be  found  by  them  by  which 
sires,  the  aspirations  of  bis  universal  family,  they  might  escape  the  river.  Then  they 
So  we  commit  to  the  waste  basket  these  rec-  asked  the  men  if  the  waters  were  all  of  a 
ords  of  pure  affection,  as  having  served  their  depth.  They  said  •  No; '  yet  they  could  not 
purpose  and  having  no  longer  a  place  in  the  help  them  in  that  case;  'lor,'  said  they,  'you 
busy  world.  shall  find  it  deeper  or  shallower,   as  you  be- 

Yery  interesting  were  the  inner  feelings  lieve  in  the  King  of  "the  place.'" 
portrayed  in  some  of  these  epistles,  written  So  vivid  is  this  imagery,  that  we  have  no 
in  the' early  freshness  of  manhood  and  wo-  care  to  be  told  in  commonplace  terms  that  it 
manhood,  and  in  the  unrestrained  freedom  of  takes  its  force  from  the  historic  incident  in 
perfect  confidence,  to  near  relatives  and  trust-  the  passage  of  ancient  Israel  into  Canaan, 
ed  friends  ;  revealing  the  joyous  hopes,  and  Christians  of  all  the  ages  have  simply  ac- 
warm  emotions,  as  well  asthe  seriousthought-  cepted  the  phraseology  without  question. 
fulness,  attending  upon  the  prospect  of  walk-  Death  is  the  final  stream,  dark  and  bridge- 
ing  hand  in  hand  through  life,  with  accepted  less,  beyond  which  lies  the  heavenly  Land  of 
and  beloved  partners.  Little  did  some  of  Promise.  D  seems  cold,  and  swift,  and 
these  foresee,  how  sickness  and  death  would  j  black,  and  but  for  the  shining  shores  across 
blight  those  pleasing  prospects  in  which  they  I  on  the  other  side,  we  should  shrink  from  it 
indulged  with  innocent  enjoyment!  And  in  terror.  We  all  understand  that  no  one 
truly  it  was  well  it  should  be  so;  the   future  can  escape  the  crossing;  but  the  engagement 


1  The  Friend." 


Old  Family  Letters. 


It  has  been  a  sadly  pleasing  engagement  to 
look  over  and  arrange  a  series  of  old  family 
letters;  nearly  all  of  the  writers  and  recipi 
ents  of  which  and  many  of  the  persons  men- 
tioned in  them,  have  gone  from  this  state  of 
existence.  They  show  the  warm  attachment 
which  bound  the  family  circle  together  ;  the 
anxieties  and  fears  which  were  felt  for  one 
another  —  the    prudent   cautions    and    wise 

*These 'were  six  in  number,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


is  often  mercifully  hidden  from  our  view  by 
that  Gracious  Father  who  watches  over  his 
family,  and  who  makes  all  things  work  to- 
gether for  good  to  them  that  love  and  fear 
Him. 

What  a  mingled  tale  of  hope  and  fear,  joy 
and  sorrow,  life  and  death  these  letters  dis- 
close !  How  forcibly  they  teach  the  great 
lesson,  that  one  generation  passeth  away, 
and  another  cometh; — that  the  river  of  life 
is  perpetually  flowing  on  and  its  place  sup- 
plied by  fresh  waters — that  no  new  thing 
happeneth  unto  man,  but  that  similar  trials 
and  temptations,  sorrows  and  rejoicings  are 
the  common  inheritance  of  our  race  ! 

Yet  these  is  comfort  and  instruction  in  the 
evidence  they  afford  of  the  tender  watchful 
care  of  our  Father  in  Heaven  over  his  flock  ; 
how  He  led  them  through  slippery  paths,  sup- 
ported them  in  their  trials,  made  their  af- 
flictions a  means  of  setting  their  affections 
more  earnestly  on  the  joys  of  Heaven,  re- 
deemed them  from  their  sins,  and  prepared 
them  for  an  inheritance  with  the  saints  in 
light. 


has  been  made  and  announced  that  our 
Saviour  will  accompany  us  through  the  en- 
tire passage,  whatever  it  maybe:  "When 
thou  passest  through  the  waters,  I  will  bo 
with  thee;  and  through  the  rivers,  they  shall 
not  overflow  thee." 

The  power  of  this  narrative  to  convey  an 
impressive  and  permanent  moral  lesson  will 
turn  upon  the  facts  as  to  one's  readiness  to 
meet  the  mighty  change  which  we  anticipate. 
The  counsel  of  Joshua  contains  the  one 
word  which  is  the  most  significant  that  can 
be  uttered  :     "  Sanctify  yourselves." 

Some  young  people  will  know  the  story, 
perhaps  ;  a  mere  detail  of  incident,  such  as  is 
often  repeated  in  the  history  of  a  court  of 
justice.  The  announcement  had  already  been 
made  by  a  crier,  and  the  Lord  Chancellor 
was  just  taking  his  seat  on  the  judicial 
bench.  A  confused  client  came  rapidly  in, 
and  pressed  his  way  up  to  one  of  the  busy 
barristers.  "Will  my  suit  be  on  to-day?" 
was  the  hasty  question  he  asked.  The  tremu- 
lous modulations  of  his  voice  indicated  his 
solicitude.     "  We  cannot  exactly  tell  when  it 


54 


THE    FRIEND. 


will  be  reached,  for  the  calendar  is  not  pub- 
lished," was  the  reply;  "  but  we  are  hoping  to 
have  it  ready,  it'  it  should  happen  to  be  call- 
ed suddenly.''  It  struck  the  anxious  man  that 
this  was  a  very  cool  method  of  meeting  the 
matter,  lie  repeated  the  words:  "Hoping 
to  have  it  ready  !  That  will  not  do  at  all  ;  it 
must  be  ready ;  if  I  fail  here  1  am  a  ruined 
man  ;  I  want  to  know    now  everything  that 


also  prove  fatal  to   every  living  being  within 
their  range. 

But  by  the  use  of  antiseptics  we  can  dis- 
infect the  throat,  and  thus  prevent  the  in- 
fectious particles  from  being  taken  up  by  the 
breath.  We  can  in  the  same  way  disinfect 
the  skin,  and  thus  render  harmless  the  scales 
thrown  off  in  the  process  of  peeling  which 
take  place  during  recovery.     For  the  throat 


is  at  risk  ;  if  there  be  a  possibly  weak  link  and  tonsils  a  solution  of  boracic  acid  in  glyeei 
in  the  evidence,  or  a  doubtful  technical  point' ine  may  be  used  three  or  four  times  a  day  ; 
in  the  law,  then  let  me  lie  informed  instantly  ;  and  for  the  outside  skin,  ointments  and 
there  is  no  lime  to  be  wasted  ;  I  certainly  [  washes  containing  carbolic  acid.  Every- 
cannot  afford  to  be  surprised  with  a  want  of,  thing  which  can  be  washed  that  the  patient 
preparation  in  a  moment  of  decision."  His  has  used,  should  be  put  at  once  into  water 
manner  appeared  to  grow  the  more  excitedly  containing  a  small  proportion  of  carbolic 
solicitous  as  the  lawyers  conversed  in   such  a  acid. — Chambers  Journal. 

leisurely  way.  "Tell  me  this  very  morn-  Frozen  Food. — The  importation  into  Eng- 
ing,"  he  continued,  "can  there  nothing  more,  land  of  fresh  meat  from  America  and  Aus- 
be  done  to-day?  The  case  may  be  summon-  tralia  by  the  use  of  refrigerating  apparatus 
ed  to-morrow  ;  I  care  for  only  one  thing  on  j  has  opened  up  a  branch  of  trade  that  Mill 
the  earth  more  than  I  do  for  this  trial,  and  probably  expand  in  the  future.  From  Aus- 
that  is  the  trial  of  my  soul  at  God's  judg-j  tralia  and  New  Zealand  the  supply  has  been 
inent  day."  largely  of  mutton,    which   now  reaches   the 

This  might  of  itself  present  a  forcible  il-  English  markets  in  good  condition.  Several 
lustration  of  the  necessity  of  vigor,  and  even] of  the  Australian  steamers  have  brought 
haste,  in  making  one's  self  ready  against  the  from  4,000  to  6,000  frozen  carcasses  of  sheep 
coming  of  death  and  the  judgment.  But  thejon  their  trips;  and  vessels  have  been  fitted 
sequel  of  the  narrative  is  its  best  part.  The  for  the  trade  which  are  capable  of  carrying 
tranquil  lawyer  who  heard  these  strong  much  greater  numbers.  Each  carcass  is  care- 
words  of  his  passionate  client  was  by  name!  fully  dressed  and  sewed  up  in  white  cotton 
a  Christian,  and  yet  in  sorrowful  fact  only  a  cloth.  The  principle  on  which  the  refrigera- 
faint  follower  of  the  Redeemer.  He  turned ■  tors  act,  is  the  coolness  produced  by  the  ex- 
on  himself  with  the  inquiry  :  "  What  if  myjpansion  of  air.  The  air  is  taken  from  the 
own  case  came  on  to  day  before  God's  bar  of,  meat  chamber  by  air-pumps,  and  then  corn- 
judgment?  To  that  tribunal  there  is  no  court]  pressed.  This  compressed  air  is  cooled  by 
of  further  resort  or  review.     My  soul  at  the 'jets  of 'water  and  passed  through  a  system  of 

tubes.  As  it  expands  when  the  pressure  is 
removed,  it  becomes  cold  enough  to  freeze 
water,  and  is  discharged  into  the  moat  cham- 
ber at  the  rate  of    40,000  cubic  feet  in   an 


judgment  day!  Is  that  case  ready  for  trial? 
What  if  an  unalterable  sentence  w:cre  pro- 
nounced against  me?  What  if  the  adverse 
verdict  should  be  recorded?     What  could   I 


n  arrest  of  execution?     How  could   I|hour.     The   air  is   drier  and    preserves    the 


work  a  stay  of  proceedings?  Or  how  could 
I  bear  the  denunciations  of  the  final  doom  ?" 
Every  impenitent  man,  every  cold  or  back- 
slidden Christian,  must  readily  admit  "the 
eminent  fitness  of  a  prudent  forethought 
like  this.  To  the  best  and  to  the  poorest  of 
all  those  who  are  bearing  the  name  of  be- 
lievers there  comes  this  searching  question  : 
"  Is  my  case  ready  for  adjudication,  if  it  were 
called  to-day?  If  final  issue  were  ordered, 
where  shotd'd  I  rind  myself?"— S.    S.    Times. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Poisonous  Alga'. — An  article  in  the  bulle- 
tin of  the  Minnesota  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  states  that  a  certain  species  of 
Algfe  appears  to  have  caused  the  death  of 
many  domestic  animals  which  drank  of  the 
water  of  the  lake  at  W'aterville.  It  occurs 
as  little  gelatinous  balls  of  the  size  of  a 
turnip  seed,  studded  with  innumerable  little 
points,  giving  them  a  pin-like  appearance. 
They  were  afterwards  found  in  small  quanti- 
ties in  the  lake  from  which  the  water  supply 
of  St.  Paul  is  obtained. 

Spread  of  Scarlet  Fever. — The  infective 
particles  which  have  the  power  of  reproduc- 
ing Bcarlel  fever,  exist  in  the  scales  which 
separate  from  the  skin  of  the  convalescent 
and    float   in    the   breath    exhaled    from    his 

lungs.     When  thesi e   become  diffused  in 

the  air  we  have  no  further  control  over  them. 
There  are  no  disinfectants  which  would  de- 
stroy the  contagion  in  the  air  that  would  not 


meat  better  than  the  old  system  of  using 
blocks  of  ice. 

Intelligence  in  Animals. — Some  years  ago 
while  living  in  Western  Mysore.  India,  I  oc- 
cupied a  house  surrounded  by  several  acres 
of  fine  pasture  land.  The  superior  grass  in 
this  preserve  was  a  great  temptation  to  the 
village  cattle,  and  whenever  the  gates  were 
open  trespass  was  common.  My  servants  did 
their  best  to  drive  off  the  intruders,  but  one 
day  they  came  to  me  rather  troubled,  stating 
that  a  Brahminy  Bull  which  they  had  beaten 
had  fallen  down  dead.  It  may  be  remarked 
that  these  bulls  are  sacred  and  privileged 
animals,  being  allowed  to  roam  at  large  and 
eat  whatever  they  may  fancy  in  the  open 
shops  of  the  bazaar-men. 

On  hearing  the  trespasser  was  dead  I  im- 
mediately went  to  view  the  body,  and  there 
sure  enough  it  was  lying  as  if  life  were  ex- 
tinct. Being  rather  vexed  about  the  occur- 
rence in  case  of  getting  into  trouble  with  the 
natives,  I  did  not  stay  to  make  any  minute] 
examination,  but  at  once  returned  to  the 
bouse  with  a  view  of  reporting  the  affair  to 
the  district  authorities.  I  had  only  been 
gone  a  short  time,  when  a  man,  with  joy  in 
his  lace  came  running  to  tell  me  that  the  bull 
was  on  his  legs  again  and  quietly  grazing! 
Suffice  it  to  say  he  had  acquired  the  trick  of 
feigning  death,  which  practically  render- 
ed his  expulsion  impossible,  when  he  found 
himself  in  a  desirable  situation  which  he 
did  not  wish  to  quit.  The  ruse  was  prac- 
tised frequently  with  a  view  to  enjoying  my 
excellent  ^rass,    and    although    for   a    time 


amusing,  it  at  length  became  tiresome  ;  and 
resolving  to  get  rid  of  him  the  sooner,  I  onti 
daj',  when  he  had  fallen  down,  sent  to  thcll 
kitchen  for  a  supply  of  hot  cinders,  which  we 
placed  on  him.  At  first  he  did  not  seem  tc 
mind  this  much,  but  as  the  application 
waxed  hot,  he  gradually  raised  his  head,  took) 
a  steady  look  at  the  site  of  the  cinders,  and] 
finally  getting  on  his  legs  went  off  at  a  raci 
pace,  and  cleared  the  fence  like  a  deer.  This', 
was  the  last  occasion  on  which  we  were  fa- 
vored with  a  visit  from  our  friend. —  67.  Bidie\ 
in  Nature. 

Singular  Terrestrial  Movements. — Faye,  the 
eminent  astronomer,  has  recentl}-  called  the 
attention  of  the  members  of  the  French 
Academy  of  Sciences  to  the  circumstance  that 
the  hill  of  Mail,  on  which  is  situated  the  Ob- 
servatory of  Neufchatel,  Switzerland,  under- 
goes certain  seasonal  movements  of  rotation, 
and  in  addition  a  steady  movement  of 
clination.  It  has  been  determined  that  for 
the  period  covering  the  last  twenty-three 
years  the  hill  in  question  has  been  regularly 
turning  every  winter  42"  from  left  to  right, 
whereas  in  summer  it  has  just  as  regularly 
been  performing  an  equal  but  contrary  revo- 
lution. Coincidentally  with  this  movement 
of  rotation,  the  hill  has  undergone  an  annual 
inclination  of  24",  or  for  the  entire  period  of 
twenty-three  years  552".  The  phenomena 
here  stated,  have  likewise  been  observed,  al- 
though in  a  less  pronounced  degree,  at  the 
Observatory  of  Berlin.  Faye  strongly  in- 
clines to  the  opinion  that  they  are  directly' 
dependent  upon  the  geological  constitution 
of  the  hill. — American. 

A  somewhat  similar  diurnal  motion  has  been 
observed  in  tall  buildings,  due  to  the  expan- 
sive power  of  the  heat  of  the  sun's  rays,  to 
which  they  are  exposed  during  the  day  time, 
and  which  is  withdrawn  at  night. 

Ventilation  of  Bed-Clothing. — Let  me  ad- 
ise  you  to  learn  Florence  Nightingale's 
Notes  on  Nursing"  at  once,  in  the  begin- 
ing  of  your  housekeeping;  to  learn  the 
reason  for  the  strict  care  of  bedrooms  for  sick 
or  well.  The  human  body  throws  off  by  in- 
sensible perspiration,  and  by  the  breath,  ev- 
ery night  several  ounces  of  waste  animal 
matter,  that  has  served  its  purpose,  and 
which  the  system  is  in  haste  to  get  rid  of. 
This  waste  is  thrown  oft'  in  a  diffused  form, 
and  is  hardly  noticed  in  a  single  night,  be- 
ing mostly  absorbed  bjr  the  night-clothes  and 
bedding.  If  these  are  hung  in  a  draught  of  aif, 
much  of  it  passes  off,  and  if  the  sun  shines 
on  them  out  of  doors,  that  has  still  more  ef- 
fect in  changing  the  waste  to  a  harmless 
form,  which  we  mean  by  saying  the  sun 
"sweetens"  things.  But  if  the  day-clothing 
is  left  in  a  heap,  the  bed  just  as  you  get  out 
of  it,  and  the  night-gown  rolled  up  or  hung 
in  a  close  closet  so  that  little  air  reaches 
them,  the  waste  decomposes,  and  gives  the 
unpleasant  beddy  odor  complained  of  in 
sleeping  rooms.  Well  may  they  have  a  dis- 
agreeable smell,  for  day  by  day  a  substance 
has  been  allowed  to  gather  in  the  room,  and 
penetrate  everything  there,  which,  it  collect- 
ed in  mass,  so  as  to  be  seen  and  recognized, 
would  bo  shocking  and  offensive  to  the  last 
degree. 

This  wasto  which  saturates  clothes  and 
bedding  is  absorbed  again  into  your  body, 
which  is  more  sensitive  to  such  influences 
when  asleep  than  awake.  You  breathe  it, 
your  skin  absorbs  it  by  those  myriad  mystc- 


THE    FRIEND. 


55 


rious  vessels  of  which  it  is  full  as  a  sponge, 
and  the  blood  receives  this  waste  again,  to 
the  injury  of  your  health  and  complexion 
;You  must  make  a  habit  to  get  rid  of  this 
by  taking  otf  all  the  clothing  at  night,  es- 
pecially that  worn  next  the  skin,  and  hang- 
ing each  piece  separately  where  the  air  can 
reach  it,  and  by  airing  the  bed  and  bed- 
iclothes  every  day,  giving  them  frequent  days 
in  the  sunshine  out-of-doors.  The  Southern 
fmethod  is  a  good  one,  as  told  me  by  an  old 
lLouisiana  housekeeper,  who  said  that  once 
a  week,  all  the  mattresses  and  bed  clothes 
were  put  out  in  the  sun,  on  frames  for  the 
■ttrpose,  and  left  all  day  to  be  made  up 
wholesome  and  sweet  with  the  weekly  fresh 
linen  at  night.  This  is  a  nice  practice  which 
all  ought  to  adopt  some  sunny  day  each 
week. 

When  you  get  up  in  the  morning,  take  off 
the  blankets  and  speadthem  on  chairs  where 
the  sun  will  fall  on  them  if  possible;  throw 
both  sheets  off  to  leave  the  mattress  to  air  ; 
open  the  windows  wide,  and  put  the  pillows 
in  them  to  sun.  Hang  your  night-dress 
where  the  air  will  blow  throught  it.  If  you 
must  wear  an  undervest  all  the  time,  have  a 
change  for  night.  By  using  the  skin  to  these 
changes,  and  to  bear  the  air  a  few  minutes 
daily,  you  lessen  the  risk  of  taking  colds  and 
neuralgias  all  your  life. —  Wide  Awake. 


THE    FRIEND. 


NINTH  MONTH  22, 


In  the  Christian  Worker  of  7th  mo.  19th, 
was  published  an  article  on  "The  Scripture 
Doctrine  of  the  Light,"  in  which  objection  is 
made  to  the  doctrine  so  clearly  laid  down  by 
Eobert  Barclay  in  the  Second  Proposition  of 
his  Apology,  (and  re-affirmed  in  the  Address 
of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting),  that  the 
revelations  of  God  by  his  Spirit  were  of  old, 
and  continue  to  be,  the  object  of  the  saints' 
faith.  The  writer  of  the  article  appears  to 
regard  this  doctrine  as  conflicting  with  those 
texts  of  Scripture,  which  present  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  as  an  object  of  faith. 

That  there  is  no  real  conflict  between  the 
two  statements  will  plainly  appear  to  one  who 
will  follow  the  line  of  reasoning  of  Robert 
Barclay  in  the  proposition  above  referred  to. 

He  does  not  deny,  but  enforces,  the  neces- 
sity of  faith  in  the  Saviour;  but,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  scriptures,  he  shows  that  true 
faith  is  a  Divine  gift,  and  not  merely  an  ex- 
ercise of  our  natural  power  of  belief;  and  that 
it  consists  in  a  firm  belief  in  those  convictions 
and  impressions  made  on  the  mind  b}-  the 
Spirit  of  God.  "  The  promise,  word  or  testi- 
mony of  God  speaking  to  the  mind,"  as  he 
states,  is  its  object — that  on  which  it  is  exer- 
cised. These  convictions  and  impressions  may 
therefore  properly  be  called  the  object  of  faith  ; 
and  so  also  may  these  promises  and  truths  to 
which  they  bear  testimony.  There  is  no 
other  foundation  for  our  belief  on  wThich  we 
can  rely  with  undoubting  confidence  in  every 
emergency.  If  our  faith  in  Christ  is  not 
founded  on  the  testimony  of  his  Spirit  in  the 
heart, — "on  the  revealings  of  the  Light" — 
we  have  not  yet  come  to  that  foundation 
which  cannot  be  shaken. 

In  proof  of  this,  B.  Barclay  quotes  the  dec- 
laration of  the  apostle  Paul,  1  Cor.  ch.  ii.,  v. 


11,  12:  ""What  man  knoweth  the  things  of  a 
man  save  the  spirit  of  man  which  is  in  him? 
Even  so,  the  things  of  God  knoweth  no  man, 
but  the  Spirit  of  God.  Now  we  have  received, 
not  the  spirit  of  the  world,  but  the  spirit 
which  is  of  God,  that  we  might  know  the 
things  which  are  freely  given  to  us  of  God." 
From  this  he  argues  that,  as  the  true  and 
saving  knowledge  of  Christ  is  spiritual,  and 
not  outward  and  literal,  therefore  it  can  only 
be  known  and  discerned  through  the  Spirit 
of  God. 

He  quotes  also  from  the  same  apostle  (1 
Cor.  eh.  xii.,  v.  3)  "No  man  can  say  that 
Jesus  is  the  Lord,  but  by  tbe  Holy  Ghost." 

The  latter  part  of  the  article  in  the  Chris- 
tian FPbrAer  attempts  toshow  that  faith  comes 
through  the  outward  preaching  of  the  truths 
of  Christianity;  and  assumes  that  it  was  to 
this  preaching  our  Saviour  referred,  when  He 
used  that  remarkable  language, — "  The  hour 
is  coming  and  now  is.  when  the  dead  shall 
hear  the  voice  of  the  Son  of  God,  and  they 
;tbat  hear  shall  live." 

That  the  voice  of  Christ  brings  spiritual 
, life  to  those  who  will  hear  and  obey,  even  to 
'those  who  were  before  dead  in  trespasses  and 
eins,  Friends  have  ever  reverently  believed. 
It  is  to  this  inspeaking  voice,  they  have  di- 
rected the  attention  of  all,  from  their  first 
existence  as  a  people.  But  there  is  nothing 
in  the  text  itself,  or  in  its  context,  which 
gives  an}-  support  to  the  assumption,  that  by 
"  hearing  the  voice  of  the  Son  of  God,"  our 
Saviour  meant,  listening  to  the  declarations 
of  men  concerning  Him. 

All  will  admit  that  a  Gospel  ministry  is  a 
great  blessing  to  tbe  Church,  and  often  instru 
mental  in  awakening  sinners;  but  its  power 
to  effect  this  depends  on  the  anointing  which 
accompanies  it, — on  the  extension  of  that  Di 


places.  To  which  objections,  he  answers  in 
the  same  chapter,  as  appears  verse  18.  '  But 
I  say,  have  they  not  all  heard?  Yes  truly; 
their  voice  went  into  all  the  earth  ;'  that  is  of 
the  Father  and  Son,  or  the  Father  in  the 
Word;  which  Word  is  not  only  near  us,  but 
(according  to  tbe  same  apostle  in  the  same 
chapter)  in  our  mouths  and  in  our  hearts." 

It  is  a  sorrowful  evidence  of  the  spreading 
of  error  in  our  Society,  that,  in  declining  to 
publish  a  reply  to  the  article  above  commented 
on,  the  Editor  of  the  Christian  Worker  inti- 
mates, that  Friends  generally  with  whom  he 
has  mingled,  see  no  difficulty  in  interpreting 
the  general  tenor  of  the  teaching  of  our  early 
Friends  in  harmony  with  the  "views  of  its 
writer. 


We  have  received  a  letter  from  a  valued 
Friend  of  Ohio,  calling  attention  to  a  proposed 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  that  State, 
prohibiting  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  in- 
toxicating liquors  in  its  borders  for  drinking 
purposes.  The  letter  says:  "I  am  afraid 
there  are  some  of  our  members  rather  luke- 
warm on  this  important  and  rare  chance  to 
rid  our  State  of  this  unrighteous  traffic,  and 
it  does  seem  to  me  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all 
our  members  in  Ohio  to  vote  for  the  Second 
Amendment." 

We  have  received  an  obituary  notice  de- 
signed for  insertion  in  our  paper,  without  the 
name  of  the  person  sending  it  being  given. 
It  is  proper  that  there  should  be  some  one 
who  is  responsible  for  the  accuracy  of  the 
statements  made  in  such  notices.  We  there- 
fore withhold  the  publication  of  the  present 
one,  while  waiting  for  the  friend  who  sent  it 
to  forward  his  name. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States. — The  First  Comptroller  of  (lie  Trea- 


ties power  and  grace  which  only  can  change 
the    heart  of    man.     Paul    testified    that  his 

preaching  was  in  the  demonstration  of  the1  sury  reports  urn  me  toiai  amot 
Spirit.    It  was  this  which  rendered  it  effectual  tion  in  the  United  States  is  Si ,:>7o.  lot, 042,  of  which 
in  turning  many  from  darkness  to  light,  and  $743  347,573  is  coin  ami  Ss3l,7.}7,txi'J  paper     Assiim- 

f..„™    tu  "„,.,,„    „<•    q„(  t       n     l         \       v      J"-  die  total  pupiilati t  tlie  eoiintrv  to  lie  o2,UUU,UUO, 

from  the  power  of  Satan  to  God  As  his  tht. ., is.t rii.m i..,.'  per  eapita  would  i,,  s:-;n .->>>. 
hearers  were  willing  to  receive  the  Divine,  A  postal  money  order  convention  between  the  United 
Light  and  power,  and  be  obedient  thereto,  States  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands  lias  been  signed  liy  the 
they  were  enabled  to  come  to  Christ,  receive:  Postmas,er  General  and  the  Hawaiian  Minister  in 
forgiveness  of  their  sins,  and  an  inheritance  W^l"n^on; .  Il  wl"  ■""  ml"  cfct  ls'  mo-  1"'.  18^-  , 
„m  „„.  +u„™  »u  t  t-a  j  mi  i  The  Washington  correspondent  of  tbe  INew  York 
among  them  that  are  sanctified.  Though  !  Jounlnl  n/  Comi!iercc  slilles  lthill  ..  from  tlle  latest  infor. 
preaching  is  one  of  tbe  instruments  used  by  j  niation  obtained  by  its  agents,  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
the  Head  of  the  Church,  yet  He  is  abundantly]  ment  estimates  that  the  corn  crop  will  reach  sixteen 
able  to  effect  his  gracious  purposes  by  other,  hundred  million  bushels,  or  only  twenty-five  millions 
agencies,  Or  by  the  immediate  Outpouring  of  1,ess  "'«»''"•'  .year's  crop  Tbe  damage  Iron,  frost  and 
,•      o    •   'i  -it       i  ,  •       ,i  .        ,,  <lnniil)  -incr  ill,,  r,  pun.  lor   last    nth  is  estimated  at 

his   Spirit,  as   He   has  done  in  thousands  of:  aboiIt  5  )ler  cent.    Much  of  this  damage  is  offset  hy  the 
cases,     luis  Spirit  is  the  great  Teacher,  whose]  increased  acreage  of  two  million  acres." 
sound    has    gone    into   all   the    earth,    and   itSI      The  U.  S.  steamship  Yantic,  the  Greeley  relief  ship, 
words  unto   the  end  of  the   world;    so  that  arrived  at  St.  Johns,  Newfoundland,  on  the  13th  inst. 

She  brings  news  that  tbe  steamer  Proteus  was  crushed 
in  the  ice  at  tbe  entrance  to  Small's  Sound,  on  7th  mo. 
23rd.  Captain  Pike,  bis  crew  and  the  scientific  party 
of  the  Proteus,  are  passengers  by  the  Yantic.  No 
tidings  had  been  received  from  Greelev  or  any  of  bis 
party.  The  whaling  ship  Adams,  which  lias  just  re- 
turned to  England  from  the  Arctic  Sea,  brings  the  in- 
formation that  while  on  her  cruise  she  made  every  effort 
to  discover  the  whereabouts  of  tbe  Greeley  party. 
Merchison  and  Whale  Sounds  and  tbe  Carey  Islands 
were  visited,  and  the  Esquimaux  were  closely  ques- 
tioned at  every  point,  in  the  hope  of  eliciting  informa- 
tion concerning  tbe  missing  explorers.  No  clue,  how- 
ever, was  found. 

Reports  of  additional  disasters  in  the  recent  storm 
on  the  Newfoundland  Banks  continue  to  be  received. 
Nine  schooners  are  missing  in  addition  to  those  already 
reported,  and  are  supposed  to  he  lost  with  all  on  hoard. 
The  wrecks  of  several  other  vessels  have  been  seen  on 
the  Nova  Scotia  and  Newfoundland  coasts,  but  no  trace 
of  their  crews. 
The  Kansas  Sugar  Refinin    Company  in  Hutckin- 


there   is  no  speech   nor  language  where  its 


voice  is  not  beard  ;  and  which  gives  faith  to 


those  that  hearken  to  and  obey  its  instruc- 
tions and  admonitions. 

Eobert  Barclay,  in  a  letter  on  tbe  "Possi- 
bility and  Necessity  of  Inward  Immediate 
Eevelation,"  remarks: — "As  to  these  words 
of  the  apostle,  Bom.  ch.  10,  'That  faith  comes 
by  hearing;'  Zuinglius  observed  well,  That 
the  apostle  intended  nottoaffirm  faith  to  come 
by  the  hearing  of  the  outward  word  ;  neither 
do  the  following  words  prove  it:  'How  shall 
they  believe  unless  they  bear?  And  how 
shall  they  hear,  without  a  preacher?  And 
how  shall  they  preach,  unless  they  be  sent?' 
— for  the  apostle  uses  these  words,  not  as  bis 
arguments,  but  as  objections  which  might  be 
formed ;  as  the  same  apostle  uses  in  other 


56 


THE    FRIEND. 


son,  Kansas,  has  turned  out  its  first  batch  of  sorghum 
sugar.  It  is  said  the  run  "  was  of  a  bright  grade,  and 
crystallized  perfectly  without  the  sorghum  taste." 

The  North  Dakota  Convention  met  in  Fargo  on 
Fourth-day,  the  12th  inst.  Resolutions  were  adopted 
denouncing  the  action  of  the  South  Dakota  Convention 
at  Sioux  Falls,  and  demanding  for  North  Dakota  a 
voice  in  the  preparation  of  the  organic  law  under  which 
the  southern  section  of  the  Territory  proposes  to  seek 
admission  to  the  Union.  After  appointing  an  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  five  to  consult  with  the  Sioux  Falls 
body,  the  Convention  adjourned,  subject  to  the  call  of 
the  Chairman. 

On  the  14th,  in  the  South  Dakota  Constitutional 
Convention,  at  Sioux  Falls,  the  Prohibition  clause  was 
finally  rejected  by  a  vote  of  61  to  36. 

The  New  York  Evening  Post  says  that  a  jewelry  house 
in  Maiden  Lane,  New  York,  has  just  imported  the 
largest  diamond  ever  brought  to  this  country.  It  is  an 
African  stone  weighing  125  carats,  which  will  probably 
be  reduced  at  least  one-third  in  cutting.  It  will  be  im- 
possible to  decide  the  color  and  value  of  the  gem  while 
it  remains  in  the  rough.  The  weight  of  the  famous 
Koh-i-noor  is  102}  carats  ;  before  cutting  it  was  186. 

A  comet  discovered  by  Professor  Swift,  of  Roches- 
ter, although  announced  on  First-day,  was  really  dis- 
covered on  Third-day  morning,  last  week.  Its  motion 
is  scarcely  perceptible  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  com- 
ing almost  directly  toward  the  earth,  and  hence  it  was 
impossible  to  verify  the  discovery  until  the  time  named. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  361,  which 
was  28  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  45  more 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year.  Of  the  whole 
number  1S6  were  males  and  175  females:  53  died  of 
consumption  ;  32  of  marasmus  ;  19  of  diphtheria  ;  18  of 
cholera  infantum;  17  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels  ;  14  of  pneumonia  ;  13  of  convulsions,  and 
10  each  of  typhoid  fever  and  scarlet  fever. 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4i's,  112J:  4's,  registered,  118f ; 
coupon,  119J;  3's,  103J;  currency  6's,  129  a  134. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  but  prices 
were  unchanged.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
lOi  a  lOJ  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. —Standard  white,  8  a  8J  cts.  for  export, 
and  9  a  'Jj  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  is  quiet,  but  prices  are  well  maintained.  Sales 
of  2~100  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras  at  $5.75  a 
56.25  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at  5:5;  western  do.,  at  $5.60 
a  $6.15,  and  patents  at  i  6.25  a  $7.50.  Rye  flour  is 
steady  at  $3.50  a  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  is  dull  and  1  a  2c.  lower.  Sales  of 
7700  bushels,  in  lots,  at  $1.06  a  $1.12.  Rye  is  nominal. 
Corn  is  in  limited  request  and  the  market  is  unsettled. 
Sales  of  9000  bushels  in  lots,  at  62  a  64.}  cts.  Oats  are 
quiet.     Sales  of  11,000  bushels,  in  lots,  at  31  a  36  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  9th  mo. 
15th,  1883.- Loads  of  hay,  263;  loads  of  straw,  47. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  80 
a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  70  a  SO  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  rather  lower  this  week,  owing  to  the 
large  receipts:  5500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  4  a  6}  cts.  per  lb,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  lower:  14,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  2*  a  5J  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3}  a  7  cts.  per  lb.,  as 
to  quality. 

Hogs  were  unchanged  :  5600  head  arrived  and  sold  at 
71,  a  7:j  cK  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

FOREIGN.— At  the  Trades-Union  Congress  held  in 
Birmingham  on  the  13th  instant,  Joseph  Arch  offered 
a  resolution  that,  considering  the  large  amount  of  waste 
land  in  the  kingdom  capable  of  cultivation,  radical 
changes  in  the  land  system  of  the  country  are  needed 
in  order  that  the  land  may  be  put  under  productive 
cultivation  for  the  benefit  of  the  community,  thereby 
offering  a  check  to  excessive  immigration.  An  amend- 
ment was  offered  calling  upon  the  Government  to  de- 
clare such  land  Government  property,  and  with  this 
addition  the  resolution  was  adopted. 

The  latest  returns  from  the  agricultural  districts  of 
England  show  a  large  increase  in  the  foot  and  mouth 
disease  among  cattle.  The  disease  ia  in  nearly  every 
portion  of  England,  and  causes  the  greatest  uneasiness. 
In    some   sections  of  England   only   American   beef  is 

now  to  be  obtai I.     Reports  from"  Scotland  state  that 

the  disease  has  not  vet  made  its  appearance  there. 

The  Congress  of  Commerce  and  Industry  began  its 
annual  session  at  Amsterdam,  9lh  mo.  14th.  A  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  declaring  that  the  principal  cause  of 
the  depreciation  of  silver  resulted  from  the  decrease  of 


,1,1, 


throughout  Europe  and  America. 

A    despatch    to    Router's   Telegram  Company  from 


Hong  Kong,  dated  the  14th  instant,  says  that  a  battle 
has  taken  place  between  the  French  forces  and  the 
Black  Flags,  lasting  eight  hours.  The  engagement 
took  place  between  Ha-Noi  and  Sontay,  near  the  Red 
River.  The  French  forces  are  reporting  as  having  lost 
2  officers  and  50  men.  The  loss  of  the  Black  Flags  is 
estimated  at  between  500  to  600  men. 

Despatches  from  Hong  Kong  say,  a  Chinese  mob  at 
Canton  has  burned  the  houses  of  several  European  mer- 
chants, and  also  their  wharves,  causing  great  conster- 
nation among  the  foreign  residents,  most  of  whom 
sought  refuge  on  board  vessels  in  the  river.  The  riot 
began  at  S  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  trouble  was 
caused  by  a  quarrel  between  some  Chinese  and  a  Por- 
tuguese watchman  on  the  quay.  During  the  latter  part 
of  the  riot,  some  of  the  merchants  armed  themselves  to 
defend  their  property.  The  party  consisted  of  nine 
Germans  and  three  Englishmen.  They  tired  into  the 
mob,  killing  five.  The  authorities  at  Canton  were  slow 
in  repressing  the  disorder.  Although  order  has  been 
restored  there,  great  excitement  prevails  among  all 
classes.  The  Chinese  have  posted  placards  on  the  walls 
of  the  city,  applauding  the  action  of  the  populace,  and 
calling  upon  them  to  kill  the  Europeans  at  the  next  op- 
portunity which  presented  itself.  The  different  Consuls 
at  Canton  admit  that  the  situation  is  very  serious,  and 
that  the  future  of  the  European  colony  is  gloomy  in  the 
extreme.  There  is  almost  open  war  between  the  native 
and  foreign  elements,  and  men-of-war  will  probably  re- 
main in  the  harbor  for  a  long  time  as  a  measure  of  pro- 
tection. 

Ruiz  Zorilla's  organ,  El  Porvener,  publishes  a  letter 
from  Geneva  declaring  that  if  the  Constitution  of  1869 
be  re  established  in  Spain,  Zorilla  will  renounce  all 
revolutionary  action  and  accept  a  legal  struggle  in  order 
to  realize  the  Republic. 

The  Paris  correspondent  of  the  London  Standard 
telegraphs  that  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  recent 
accessions  to  the  Austro-German  alliance  will  shortly 
result  in  Germany  issuing  a  propo-al  for  a  general  Con- 
gress of  all  the  European  Powers  with  a  view  of  de- 
termining upon  a  general  disarmament.  The  corre- 
spondent states  that  he  is  assured  that  the  Governments 
of  Austria,  Spain  anil  Italy  have  already  signified  their 
willingness  to  participate  in  such  a  Congress. 

Disastrous  Hoods  are  prevailing  in  the  district  of 
Tarento,  Italy.  Many  lives  have  been  lost  and  a  large 
number  of  cattle  have  been  swept  away. 

The  Journal  de  St.  Pvtersbouig  welcomes  the  recent 
article  of  the  North  German  Gazette  denying  that  the 
Powers  were  irritated  against  Russia  because  of  the  re- 
cent events  in  Bulgaria.  The  Journal  declares  that 
should  Prince  Alexander  of  Bulgaria  fail  in  the  task 
appointed  him,  the  peace  of  the  East,  and  perhaps  of 
Europe,  will  be  imperilled. 

On  the  12th  instant,  Tisza,  the  Hungarian  Prime 
Minister,  had  an  interview  at  Agram  with  several  Croa- 
tian notables  whom  he  had  summoned  to  an  audience 
The  interview  was  stormy,  and  the  notables,  after  ex- 
citedly detailing  the  wrongs  tinder  which  they  claimed 
Croatia  had  suffered,  promised  to  fulfil  certain  condi- 
tions proposed  on  behalf  of  the  Hungarian  Government, 
the  details  or  character  of  which  have  nut  transpired. 
The  Ptsther-Lloyd  says  that  all  indications  point  to  the 
belief  that  the  authors  of  the  disorders  in  Croatia  are 
but  the  pioneers  of  a  projected  South  Slavonian  agita- 
tion, which  is  to  be  directed  not  against.  Hungary  alone, 
but  against  the  Austrian  Empire  generally.  At  Agram 
the  police  have  surprised  some  secret  societies  which 
have  been  endeavoring  to  direct  riots  against  the  Jews. 
Several  officers  of  the  societies  have  been  arrested. 

Alexander,  9th  month  11th. — Numerous  attacks  of 
cholera  still  occur  here,  but  the  average  daily  death 
rale  is  reduced  to  four.     The  mortality  in  the  provinces 


; 


ing. 


u    state   that   the    Hawaiian 

Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  "  without  notifying  the 
foreign  representatives,  sent  a  formal  protest  by  the  last 
mail  to  London.  Paris  and  Washington,  against  annexa- 
tion by  alien  or  colonial  powers  in  the  Pacific  Ocean." 


WESTTOWN  HOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Committee  who  have  charge  of  this  institution, 
meet  in  Philadelphia  on  Sixth-day,  9th  months  2Sth, 
at  1 1  A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Admissions  and  the  Coniinittee 
on  Instruction  meet  on  the  same  day,  at  0  \.  M. 

The  Visiting  Coniinittee  meet  at  the  school  on  Second - 


udelphia  at  2.47  and  4.. 


tins  which  leave  Phi 

Wit,  Evans,  Clerk. 


RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  Daniel  B.  Price,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  an 
for  Hannah  Child,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Phebe  E 
Chace,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  William  L.  Roberts,! 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  William  Robinson,  Agent,  Ind. 
for  Job  Hinshaw,  Joshua  Cox,  Elijah  Peacock,  and  | 
William  Peacock,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jacob  Reeder, 
Io.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  John  Thomas,  Io.,  $2,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Eliza  A.  Edgerton,  Ind.,  for  Walter  Edgerton, 
$2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Sarah  D.  Sears,  O  ,  per  AsaGarretson, 
Agent,  $4.10,  vols.  56  and  57;  from  J.  G.  Eldrid^e, 
Neb.,  S2,  vol.  57  ;  from  James  R.  Cooper,  Pa.,  S2  vol. 
57,  and  for  Celina  T.  Pratt,  Lettice  Thompson,  J.  Morris 
Cooper,  Thomas  B.  Hoopes.  and  Charles  Cooper,  $2 
each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Carl  F.  Hess,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from 
Ezra  Embree,  Kans.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Mary  M.  Otis, 
for  James  J.  Otis,  N.  Y.,  per  Nicholas  D.Tripp,  Agent, 
$2  vol.  57  ;  from  Edward  Comfort,  Gtn.,  -2,  vol.57; 
for  Lvdia  Thompson,  Io.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Emma  Wil- 
liams, Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  C.  Palmer,  Pa.,  -2, 
vol.  57;  from  John  Forsy the,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
Edward  Forsythe  111.,  *2,  vol.  57;  from  Lloyd  Bilder- 
ston,  Md.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  George  Balderston,  -2, 
vol.  57;  from  Joshua  Brant ingliaui.  Agent,  ().,  for  Ed- 
ward YT.  Cope,  Charles  Cope,  Mary  L.  Test,  Joseph 
Stratton,  Barton  Dean  and  Joseph  C.  Stratum,  $2  each, 
vol.  57  ;  from  John  Aikins,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for 
Levi  Aikins,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Barclay  R.  Leeds,  City, 
1-2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Edwin  Leeds,  N.  J.,  Herman  H. 
Leeds,  Pa.,  and  William  H.  Leeds,  Oregon,  $2  each, 
vol.  57 ;  from  Joseph  Kirk,  O,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Frances 
S.  Williams,  City,  -2,  vol.  57;  from  William  Stanley, 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Abner  Eldridge,  Agent,  Io.;  $2, 
vol.  57,  and  for  Alexander  L.  McGrew,  $2,  vol.  57,  and 
M.  A.  Fritchman,  $2,  to  No.  19  vol.  58 ;  from  William 
C.  Taber,  Mass.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Benjamin  Sharpless, 
Pa.,  per  Thomas  M.  Harvey,  Agent,  $2,  vol.  57;  from 
Hannah  J.  Roberts,  City,  "$2,  vol.  57;  from  Christy 
Davis,  Cal.,  $2.10,  vol.  57. 

THE  CORPORATION  OF  HAVERFORD 

COLLEGE. 

A   Stated   Annual  Meeting  of  "  The  Corporation  of 

Haverford    College"    will   be   held    in    the  Committee 

Room  of  Arch  Street  Meeting-house,  Philadelphia,  on 

Third-day,  Tenth  month  9th,  1883,  at  3  o'clock,  p.  M.    ; 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr., 


WANTED, 

Principals  and  assistant  teachers  for  the  Evening 
Schools  for  Colored  Adults,  to  be  opened  on  the  1st  of 
10th  month.     Apply  to 

Jos.  W.  Lippincott,  460  N.  Seventh  St. 

Thos.  Woolman,  808  Marshall  St. 

Jos.  J.  Walton,  924  Chestnut  St. 

Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice   the  Stage  will   be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  7.09  and  9.05  A.  M.  trains   i 

from  Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school.    ' 

Married,  at  an  appointed  meeting  at  Colora,  Md., 
on  the  14th  of  3rd  mo.  1883,  Elwood  Balderston  to 
Sarah  E.  Atwater,  daughter  of  Levi  H.  Atwater. 


Died,  suddenly,  at  Williams,  Arizona,  7th  mo.  13th, 
1883,  William  K.  Williams,  aged  47  year?,  a  mem- 
ber of  Frankford  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  Phila- 
delphia. 

,  on  the  26th  of  5th  mo.  1883,  at  the  residence 

of  her  sister,  Abigail  M.  Hanson,  in  West  Epping, 
N.  II.,  Hannah  F.  Sawyer,  aged  83  years  8  months 
and  22  days,  an  esteemed  member  and  elder  of  Sea- 
brook  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.  The  life  of  this 
dear  Friend  bore  impressive  testimony  to  the  power  of 
Divine  Grace  supporting  her  under  various  bereave- 
ments and  trials,  and  enabling  her  to  be  one  of  the  true 
helpers  in  her  family  and  in  the  large  circle  of  her 
friends.  Warmly  attached  to  (he  Christian  principles 
of  the  Society  to  which  she  belonged,  she  ever  mani- 
fested an  earnest  desire  to  promote  its  welfare  and  ex- 
tend its  usefulness;  and  her  friends  are  comforted  in 
believing,  that  '"  having  done  what  she  could"  for  her 
Lord,  she  has  been  received  into  the  heavenly  rest  pre- 
pared for  his  faithful  servants. 

,  9th  mo.  2nd,  Rachel  M.  Thorp,  widow  of  the 

late  James  Thorp,  in  the  83rd  year  of  her  age,  a  mem- 
ber of  Frankford  Monthly  Mce'ting,  Philadelphia. 

,  9th  mo.  Sih,  Sarah,  widow  of  the  laic  William 

Tiimblc,  in  the  91st  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of 
Uwchlan  Monthly  Meeting,  Pa. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND   LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  NINTH  MONTH  29,  1S83. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

descriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


For  "The   Friend." 

etters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  50.) 

To  Thomas  B.  Gould* 

"  Millville,  7th  mo.  21st,  1845. 
Dear  Friend, — My  thoughts  have  been  so 
ften  turned  towards  thee  with  some  others 
your  parts  during  the  past  few  weeks,  that 
seem  to  see  no  other  way.  than  to  endeavor 
i  impart  somewhat  of  the  sympathy  that 
ttends  my  mind  towards  thee  in  this  way. 
t  is  not  in  the  sense  of  abounding,  nor  of 
aving  much  to  communicate;  but  as  a  try- 
ng  period  has  overtaken  some  of  you  who 
ingaged  to  stand  for  the  law  and  the  tes- 
imon}',  it  cannot  but  tend  to  affect  all  such 
i,8  love  the  Lord  Jesus  in  sincerity  with  feel- 
ngs  of  lively  and  tender  interest.  '  When  one 
nember  suffers  all  the  members  suffer  with 
fc,'  is  the  language  of  the  experienced  apostle  ; 
md  is  witnessed  by  such  as  are  alive  in  the 
Liord,  down  to  this  da}-.  As  there  is  a  patient 
hiding  with  the  seed,  which  is  under  suffer- 
ng,  there  is  something  known  of  being  one 
mother's  helpers  as  well  as  joy  in  the  Lord. 
We  are  happily  thus  far  placed  in  a  situation 
n  which  we  are  not  immediately  involved  in 
confusion  caused  by  unruly  and  unsettled 
ipirits  ;  *  *  *  but  I  apprehend  we  shall  not 
ong  witness  immunity  from  the  desolating 
fleets  of  this  unhappy  defection  from  the 
ross  of  Christ,  which  is  the  ground-work  of 
11  schism  and  contention  in  the  church. 

In  looking  at  the  wave  that  is  rolling 
bwarde  us,  and  which  no  doubt  will  over- 
whelm many  in  its  progress,  may  our  depend- 
nce  and  foundation  be  upon  the  everlasting 
Jock,  which  cannot  be  moved,  and  against 
vhich  the  winds  and  waves  will  beat  in  vain. 
*  How  important  in  those  who  are 
Spgaged  to  stand  against  the  innovations  of 
the  present  da3',  that  they  be  found  with  thei 
oins  girded  about,  and  their  lights  burning 
That  they  should  witness  a  fresh  and  fervent 

Thomas  B.  Gould,  a  minister,  died  at  his  residence 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  the  22d  of  Second  month,  1856; 
the  4:lnl  year  of  his  age.  An  obituary  of  him,  see  ■'  The 
Friend"  vol.  xxix.  p.  256,  states  that  he  "early  yielded 
to  the  cross  of  Christ,  giving  up  the  morning  of  his  day 
to  the  cause  and  service  of  Truth."  And  thence  afte 
life  of  early  espousal,  of  faithfulness  and  dedication, 
when  death's  summons  came,  though  in  the  vigor  and 
prime  of  his  years,  he  could  testify, — "  For  we  know, 
that  if  our  earthly  house  of  this  tabernacle  were  dis- 
solved, we  have  a  building  of  God,  an  house  not  made 
with  hands,  eternal  in  the  heavens." 


engagement,  day  by  day,  to  have  on  the  whole 
armor  of  light,  that  so  they  may  stand  against 
the  wiles  of  the  devil.  *  *  *  I  have  felt 
in  looking  at  the  prospect  before  us  of  having 

^ain  to  enter,  as  it  were,  into  warfare  with 
unruly  spirits,  as  though  it  was  an  awful  one; 
and  having  been  a  participator  in  a  groat  de- 
gree in  a  former  separation,  the  thought  of 
this  has  affected  me  with  more  than  ordinary 
desires,  that  my  own  dependence  and  strength 
might  be  alone  in  Him,  who  is  mighty  to  save. 
It  is  only  as  we  are  thus  brought  in  true  hu- 
mility to  depend  upon  Him,  that  we  can  hope 
for  safety  as  regards  ourselves,  or  victory  in 
a  church  capacity  over  the  enemies  of  the 
cross  of  Christ.  May  our  abiding  then,  my 
dear  friend,  be  here  ;  and  may  we  be  more  con- 
cerned that  truth  and  righteousness  ma}-  pre- 
vail than  any  other  thing.  *  *  *  Truth 
is  Truth  though  all  men  forsake  it;  and  as  we 
hold  fast  to  it,  He  who  is  said  to  be  the  Way, 
the  Truth,  and  the  Life,  will  maintain  his  own 
cause,  and  we  shall  witness  true  exaltation  in 
his  way  and  time,  which  is  not  to  be  hastened 
or  promoted  by  any  contrivance  or  device  of 
the  natural  mind  or  will.  O,  it  is  good  to 
dwell  low  with  Him  in  bis  holy  fear! 

We  have  had  accounts  of  your  late  Yearly 
Meeting,  and  while  we  mourn  with  you  over 
the  defection  of  so  many,  yet  I  look  forward 
with  hope,  that  those  who  remain  attached 
to  our  religious  principles  and  testimonies, 
may  be  so  afresh  engaged  to  know  their  abid- 
ing to  be  in  the  living  Vine,  that  heavenly 
and  blessed  fruit  may  be  more  eminently 
manifest  among  us,  than  for  the  time  that  is 
past.  If  this  is  not  thecase— if  love,  joy,  peace, 
long-suffering,  meekness,  goodness,  faith,  are 
not  more  eminently  to  be  seen  among  us, 
what  profit  shall  this  separation  be  of  to  us? 
Our  unity  and  fellowship  is  not  so  much  in 
the  belief  of  opinions  and  notions  about  re- 
ligion, as  in  that  holy  and  blessed  Spirit, 
whereinto  all  the  living  members  of  Christ's 
spiritual  body  are  truly  baptized,  and  where- 
by they  are  made  one  body,  even  as  we  are 
called  in  one  hope  of  our  calling.  May  this 
be  more  and  more  our  experience  as  a  religious 
Society,  and  may  this  sifting,  shaking  season, 
tend  to  drive  us  home  to  the  impregnable 
fortress,  where  the  Lord's  presence  dwells. 
My  heart  is  enlarged  in  feelings  offender  soli- 
citude for  those  of  my  own  age  and  younger, 
that  we  may  be  preserved  in  the  hollow  of 
the  Lord's  holy  hand  ;  and  that  in  our  engage- 
ments in  the  church,  we  may  be  preserved 
from  doing  anything  to  hinder  or  mar  the 
Lord's  work.  As  we  are  thus  preserved  pa- 
tient and  watchful  before  Him,  He  will  at 
seasons  clothe  with  his  divine  power,  so  that 
one  shall  chase  a  thousand,  and  two  put  ten 
thousand  to  flight. 

I  could  enlarge  much  upon  this  weighty 
and  solemn  occasion,  but  as  I  have  no  desire 
to  multiply  words,  have   only  to   commend 

thee  with  others  of  our  dear  friends  in  your 
parts,  to  the  keeping  and  guidance  of  the 


Shepherd  of  Israel.  May  He  be  your  bow 
and  battle-axe,  your  shield  and  exceeding 
great  reward.  If  this  is  the  case,  though 
Israel  bo  not  gathered,  though  there  may 
seem  to  be  little  left  as  a  religious  society,  yet 
will  you  be  precious  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord, 
and  He  will  afford  the  sweet  consolations  of 
which  He  is  the  only  source  and  fountain. 

With  the  salutation  of  near  affection,  I  re- 
main thy  friend  and  brother, 

Wm.  Scattergood." 

In  the  latter  part  of  this  year,  1S45,  Wm. 
Scattergood  removed  with  his  family  to  Phila- 
delphia, and  they  became  members  of  the 
Northern  District  Monthly  Meeting. 

"4th  mo.  5th,  1S4G.  A  year  and  a  half  since 
the  note  was  made  (9th  mo.  4th,  1844,)  since 
which  we  have  removed  to  Philadelphia  to 
take  a  part  in  the  trials  and  exercises,  which 
are  largely  known  among  the  Lord's  children 
there.  A  calm  review  of  the  time  spent  here, 
now  near  five  months,  leads  to  the  conclusion, 
that  except  the  Lord  help  me,  vain  is  the  help 
of  man.  I  seem  to  have  been  almost  given 
up,  at  times,  to  the  winds  and  the  waves,  and 
yet  underneath  there  has  been  a  hope  that 
the  Hand  which  has  brought  me  thus  far, 
would  not  altogether  be  withdrawn.    *    *    * 

What  avails  a  ministry  of  words  without 
power  !  What  avails  the  most  cogent  appeals 
if  they  come  not  from  the  Lord  !  and  so  reach 
his  witness  in  the  hearts  of  the  people.  *  *  * 
Be  still,  O  my  soul,  and  know  that  He  is  God. 
Ho  will  bo  exalted  among  the  heathen  ;  He 
will  be  exalted  in  the  earth.  He  is  able  to 
restore  thee  and  help  thee,  as  there  is  a  trust- 
ing in  Him,  and  a  patient  waiting  for  Him. 
But  how  am  I  to  be  saved  from  turning  aside! 
What  is  to  become  of  me,  in  these  distressing 
seasons,  when  all  faith  seems  gone  ?  Hold 
fast  thy  hope,  O  my  soul,  and  keep  thy  eye 
on  Him,  who  suffered  far  more  than  thou  hast 
done,  though  without  sin  ;  and  when  He  has 
brought  thee  through  what  He  designs  for 
thee,  He  will  lift  up  his  countenance  upon 
thee  and  give  thee  peace." 

To  M.  M.  S. 

"Philadelphia,  6th  mo.  8th,  1846. 

My  beloved  friend  and  sister,  *  *  *  We 
have  been  a  good  deal  occupied  lately  in  get- 
ting our  new  habitation  in  readiness  to  move 
into,  but  I  have  found  opportunity  to  take 
one  or  two  little  turns  into  the  country.  One 
to  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting,  &c,  in  which  I 
have  found  help  and  relief,  and  although  I 
have  known  it  before,  I  seem  to  have  new 
reason  to  acknowledge  that  the  Lord's  ways 
are  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  his  paths  peace. 

You  are  doubtless  informed  from  time  to 
time  of  what  is  transpiring  in  Society  affairs 
here  and  elsewhere,  so  that  I  need  not  re- 
hearse. *  *  *  I  trust  things  will  work 
round  rightly  by  and  by,  but  it  must  be 
through  suffering  and  trial.  What  we  have 
the  greatest  need  to  desire  is,  that  we  may  be 


58 


THE    FRIEND. 


enabled  individually  to  stand  our  ground,  and 
not  be  turned  aside  from  the  faith  of  the  Gos- 
pel. I  am  fully  assured  that  the  testimony 
of  Truth  will  not  be  suffered  to  fall  to  the 
ground  ;  and  I  am  comforted  in  finding  many 
here  and  there  who  know  what  it  is,  and  are 
favored  with  firm  resolution  to  follow  their 
Master,  let  the  consequence  be  what  it  may. 
This  I  believe  is  the  only  true  way  to  get 
along  safely;  and  when  reasoning  about  this 
or  that,  takes  the  place  of  silent  waiting  upon 
Him  for  direction  and  counsel,  we  are  sure  to 
find  ourselves  in  difficulty  and  confusion.  *  * 

We  have  had  intelligence  lately  of  the  de- 
cease of  our  much  loved  and  honored  friend, 
Ann  Jones,  in  England.  Her  removal  has 
sensibly  affected  my  feelings,  and  I  am  ready 
to  mourn  the  loss  of  a  mother  in  Israel,  and 
one  who  was  valiant  in  her  day  for  the  Mas- 
ter's cause.  Yet  she  too  had  her  struggles. 
May  we,  if  engaged  again  and  again  to  rally 
to  the  standard  in  the  day  of  conflict  and  war- 
fare, be  enabled  to  overcome  through  Him 
that  loved  us,  and  who  has  given  and  does 
give  the  victory  to  all  that  truly  love  and  fear 
Him.         *         *         *         * 

With  fervent  desires  that  we  may  be  pre- 
served from  falling,  and  quickened  in  fresh 
and  living  desires  to  press  towards  the  mark, 
1  subscribe  myself  as  ever  thy  truly  affec- 
tionate friend  and  brother,  W.  S." 

"All  the  days  of  his  separation  shall   he  eat  nothing 

that  is  made  of  the  vine  tree,  from  the  kernels  even 

to  the  husk." — Numbers  vi.  4. 

Nazarites  had  taken,  among  other  vows, 
one  which  debarred  them  from  the  use  of 
wine.  In  order  that  they  might  not  violate 
this  obligation,  they  were  forbidden  to  drink 
the  vinegar  of  wine  or  strong  liquors  ;  and  to 
make  the  rule  still  more  clear,  they  were  not 
to  touch  the  unfermented  juice  of  grapes,  nor 
even  to  eat  the  fruit  either  fresh  or  dried.  In 
order,  altogether,  to  secure  the  integrity  of 
the  vow,  they  were  not  allowed  anything  that 
had  to  do  with  the  vine;  they  were,  in  fact, 
to  avoid  the  appearance  of  evil.  Surely  this 
is  a  lesson  to  the  Lord's  separated  ones,  teach- 
ing them  to  come  away  from  sin  in  every 
form  ;  to  avoid  not  merely  its  grosser  shapes, 
but  even  its  spirit  and  similitude. 

Strict  walking  is  much  despised  in  these 
days,  but  rest  assured,  dear  reader,  it  is  both 
the  safest  and  the  happiest.  He  who  yields 
a  point  or  two  to  the  world  is  in  fearful  peril ; 
he  who  cats  the  grapes  of  Sodom  will  soon 
drink  the  wine  of  Gomorrah. 

A  little  crevice  in  the  sea  bank  in  Holland 
lets  in  the  sea,  and  the  gap  speedily  swells 
till  aprovineeis  drowned.  Worldly  conformity, 
in  any  degree,  is  a  snare  to  the  soul,  and  makes 
it  more  and  more  liable  to  presumptuous  sins. 
Moreover,  as  the  Nazarite  who  drank  grape 
juice  could  not  be  quite  sure  whether  it  might 
not  have  endured  a  degree  of  fermentation, 
and  consequently  could  not  be  clear  in  heart 
that  his  vow  was  intact,  so  the  yielding,  tem- 
porizing Christian,  cannot  wear  a  conscience 
void  of  offence,  but  must  feel  that  the  inward 
monitor  is  in  doubt  of  him.  Things  doubtful 
we  need  nut  doubt  about:  they  are  wrong  to  us. 
Things  tempting  wo  must  not  dally  with,  but, 
lice  from  them  with  speed.  Better  be  sneered 
at  as  a  Puritan  than  be  despised  as  a  hypo- 
crite. Careful  walking  may  involve  much 
self-denial,  but  it  has  pleasures  of  its  own 
which  are  more  than  a  sufficient  recompense. 
—  C.  Spurgeon. 


Among  the  Mongols. 

(Concluded  from  page  51.) 

Every  Mongol  believes  most  devoutly  in 
the  value  of  prayer — but  they  do  not  appear 
to  have  risen  to  the  understanding  of  the 
Christian  doctrine,  that  there  is  no  true  prayer 
except  that  produced  by  the  work  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  on  the  heart.  Hence,  they  attach  a 
value  to  mere  repetitions,  as  it  is  to  be  feared 
is  the  case  with  too  many  formal  professors 
of  Christianity.  If  a  man's  spirit  is  of  a  wan- 
dering nature,  or  disinclined  to  devotion, 
Buddhism  puts  into  his  hand  a  wheel  filled 
with  prayers,  and  tells  him  to  turn  that,  and 
it  will  count  as  if  he  had  repeated  the  whole 
of  the  printed  formula  contained  in  it;  and  if 
even  this  is  too  much  for  him,  he  can  depute 
tho  duty  to  the  flutter  of  a  flag  or  the  crank 
of  a  windmill. 

In  describing  his  visit  to  Urga,  which  is  the 
religious  centre  of  North  Mongolia,  J.  Gilmour 
says,  "In  the  temple  premises,  and  at  many 
street  corners  and  busy  places,  are  erected 
numerous  praying-wheels,  supposed  to  be 
filled  inside,  many  of  them  decorated  outside, 
and  some  of  them  almost  literally  covered  all 
round,  with  prayers,  the  idea  being  that  any 
devout  believer  who  turns  the  wheel,  by  so 
doing  acquires  as  much  merit  as  if  he  or  she 
had  repeated  all  the  prayers  thus  set  in  mo- 
tion. These  praj'ing-cylindors  seem  to  be  sel- 
dom left  long  at  rest.  In  the  quiet  deserted- 
looking  precincts  of  the  temple  may  be  heard 
the  creaking  of  the  rusty  spindle,  as  it  is 
turned  in  its  unoiled  socket  by  worshippers, 
who  most  likely  have  come  from  the  country 
to  perform  their  devotions  at  this  great 


ate,  was  at  home  or  abroad,  entertained  h 
friends  or  attended  to  his  superior,  the  whe. 
kept  constantly  turning,  and  merit  was  a 
ways  coming  to  his  abode.  Such  was  h 
idea." 

Of  the  doctrine  that  there  is  merit  in  sai 
ing  prayers,  even  when  not  understood,  h 
gives  the  following  curious  illustration  : 

"  I  once  saw  a  huge  pile  of  a  ten-volum 
work  in  a  Mongol's  tent,  and  asked  what  usj 
wasmadeofit.  Iwastold  it  was  read  throug 
once  a  year.  As  this  would  have  been  a  goo 
task  for  the  owner,  who  was  fonder  of  whisk; 
than  piety,  I  asked  a  little  more  about  it,  an. 
was  told  there  was  no  difficulty  in  the  matte) 
Ten  lamas  were  sent  for  to  the  temple,  entere* 
a  tent  prepared  for  their  use,  took  each  mai 
his  volume,  and  the  whole  ten  rattled  awa; 
simultaneously  till  the  task  was  completed." 

As  might  be  expected  where  superstitioi 
so  prevails,  Mongol  Buddhism  proves  very  in 
effective  in  rendering  its  professors  pure  am 
holy.  Its  head  quarters  and  centres  of  wor 
ship  are  the  strongholds  of  unblushing  sin 
"Mongol  Buddhism  and  holiness,"  says  ou 
author,  "have  long  ago  parted  company, 
The  priests  or  lamas  he  estimated  to  be  fully 
sixty  per  cent,  of  the  male  population,  ant 
though  many  of  these  have  to  support  them 
selves,  yet  multitudes  depend  on  the  peopk 
for  maintenance — and  as  a  class  they  aw 
worldly,  thievish  and  wicked.  "  Tho 
sinners  in  Mongolia  are  the  lamas,  the  greal 
centres  of  wickedness  are  the  temples," 

The  difficulty  of  introducing  the  Christian 
religion  among  such  a  people  is  described  ae 
very  great.  The  want  of  acquaintance  on  the 
part  of  Mongol  readers,  with  Gospel  truths 


ligious  centre.  Many,  both  lamas  and  laymen,  j and  doctrines;  and  their  ignorance  of  the  Old 
male  and  female,  as  they  pass  along  the  streets,  Testament  references  and  Jewish  customs  to 
lay  hold  of  the  inviting  handle  and  give  a  j  be  found  in  the  narrative  of  Matthew,  which' 
turn  to  such  praying-machines  as  they  find  he  carried  with  him,  was  such  that  he  believed 


standing  in  their  path." 

At  Wu  T'ai,  a  sacred  mountain  in  China, 
much  visited  by  Mongol  pilgrims,  he  visited  a 
temple  with  a  large  tope  or  mound.  "  At  the 
base  of  the  tope  were  mounted  more  than 
three  hundred  praying-wheels,  which  the 
worshippers  set  in  motion  one  after  the  other 
as  they  passed  round.  Inside  a  building  of 
the  same  temple,  we  came  upon  an  immense 
praying-wheel,  about  sixty  feet  high,  contain- 
ing shrines,  images,  books,  and  prayers.  To 
the  devout  Mongol,  such  a  wheel  is  a  most 
useful  invention.  It  is  filled  with  books  and 
prayers  which  would  take  him  a  lifetime  to 
read  and  repeat.  Most  likely  he  cannot  read, 
or  if  he  can  read,  he  cannot  find  time  to  read 
so  much,  so  he  comes  to  the  temple;  two  or 
three  together  go  down  to  the  cellar,  lay  hold 
on  the  band-spokes,  and  with  a  long  pull,  a 
strong  pull,  and  a  pull  all  together,  round 
goes  the  wheel,  and  each  one  of  them  believes 
he  gains  just  as  much  merit,  as  if  he  had  read 
the  books,  repeated  the  prayers,  and  knocked 
his  head  to  all  the  gods  that  grin  from  the 
shelves  and  shrines  of' the  wheel.  No  wonder 
that  the  Mongols  travel  hundreds  of  miles  to 
reach  so  quick  a  method  of  making  merit!" 

Even  tins  method  is  surpassed  by  a  con- 
trivance, which  he  witnessed  in  the  room  of 
one  of  the  attendants  of  the  great  lama: — 
"Near  the  ceiling,  just  above  the  charcoal 
fire,  hung  a  paper  cylinder,  like  an  inverted 
wheel  of  life,  which  kept  constantly  turning. 
This  also  was  a  praying-wheel,  and  was  kept 
in  motion  by  the  hot  air  ascending  from  the 
fire.     In  this  way,  whether  the  lama  slept  or 


few  of  tbem  could  make  much  sense  out  of: 
without  assistance.  The  paucity  of  the  Chi 
tian  Scriptures  as  compared  with  the  hun- 
dreds of  volumes  of  the  sacred  writings  of  the 
Buddhists  ;  the  denial  of  the  favorite  doct 
of  transmigration,  which  is  interwoven  with! 
all  the  tenets  most  firmly  believed  by  the 
Mongol;  the  rejection  of  their  theory  that 
good  works  are  effectual  in  wiping  away  sin; 
and  the  doubts  as  to  the  truth  of  the  newd 
views  presented  for  his  acceptance;  arc  some! 
among  the  obstacles  to  be  encountered.  Bulft! 
our  missionary  finds  comfort  in  the  superiority 
of  the  fruits  produced  by  Christianity.  He 
says. — 

"Buddhism  is  an  elaborate  and  in  many 
respects  a  grand  system,  but  in  one  thing  it 
fails  signally,  that  is,  in  producing  holiness. 
A  .Mongol  when  attacked  on  this  point,  for. 
the  most  part,  does  not  make  much  of  a  de-: 
fence  He  knows  and  admits  that  his  religion 
does  not  purify  tbo  heart  and  produce  the 
fruits  of  holy  living;  on  the  contrary,  tho 
commercial  view  taken  of  the  relation  of  siuj 
and  merit  militates  against  morality,  and  if 
he  be  not  ono  of  the  ignorant  devout,  but  a{ 
man  of  good  information,  he  will  admit  that 
the  temples  are  often  little  more  than  CageB 
of  unclean  birds.  Here  then  is  the  hope  for 
Christianity.  If  it  can  be  made  manifest  to 
the  Mongols  thai  Jesus  can  cleanse  a  man's 
heart  aiid  reform  bis  conduct,  can  make  tho 
vile  man  pure  and  the  I  hief  honest,  that  would 
be  an  argument  which  I  bey  would  find  if  diffi- 
cult to  answer."  "It  is  to  be  hoped  that  a 
closer  acquaintance  with  the  effects  of  Chris- 


THE    FRIEND. 


GO 


ianity,  will,  when  they  see  its  purifying 
lower,  convince  the  Mongols  of  its  superi- 
irity,  in  a  way  that  arguments  and  discus- 
sions on  its  internal,  external,  and  historical 
evidences  never  could  do.  In  this  seems  to 
ie  the  only  hope  for  the  success  of  Chris- 
tianity in  Mongolia." 


Friend." 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

SIMILES. 

Job  Scott  when  on  a  religious  visit  in  the 
Southern  States,  in  writing  to  Moses  Brown, 
pf  Providence,  thus  instructive!}'  speaks  of  the 
manner  in  which  he  moved  along,  comparing 
ihimself  to  a  sailing  vessel :  "  I  find  as  I  have 
no  ability  of  my  own,  and  strive  not  to  have, 
[  am  supplied  with  that  wherein  there  is  no 
'  .  But  to  keep  the  balance,  am  frequently 
tried  with  the  loss  of  all,  and  with  lowness 
and  depression,  which,  were  I  to  tell  you  of, 
you  would  conceive  but  a  faint  idea,  wore  it 
not  for  something  of  a  like  experience.  But 
ill  is  in  wisdom  and  in  goodness.  It  is  my 
Master's  will  that  a  cargo  of  considerable 
weight,  whatever  its  worth  may  be,  should 
be  transported  from  place  to  place  on  board 
my  little  bark;  this  requires  necessarily  the 
3preading  of  a  considerable  sail ;  and  this,  it 
is  evident,  could  not  be  safely  done  without 
ballast,  or  a  balance  of  weight  proportional 
to  the  spreading  of  a  considerable  sail;  this 
weight  must,  as  is  designed,  bear  down.  Here 
is  the  only  safe  sailing,  and  even  so,  a  reef  or 
two  in  the  sails  is  often  necessary,  and  some- 
times no  sail  at  all  can  safely  be  spread.  It 
is  pleasant  to  the  mariner  to  spread  sail 
largely,  and  in   a  pretty  full  gale;   but  the 

"  st  sailing  is  not  always  when  the  sails  are 
most  extended.  But  blessed  be  the  Helper  of 
Israel,  He  knows  when  to  take  or  order  down 
our  top-sails,  and  will,  when  He  pleases,  make 
us  know  our  dependence." 

In  teaching  his  disciples,  our  blessed  Sa- 
viour frequently  resorted  to  parables;  and  to 
this  day,  lively  comparisons  between  things 
natural  and  things  spiritual,  such  as  He  ut- 
tered 1800  years  ago,  are  a  means  of  instruc- 
tion, which  his  disciples  often  make  use  of. 

A  young  man,  who  had  not  been  fully 
brought  under  the  influence  of  religion,  was 
about  to  go  from  England  to  India.  A  pious 
friend,  who  was  very  anxious  that  he  should 
not  leave  the  country  in  that  state  of  mind, 

lueed  him  to  stay  a  week  with  him  in  Lon- 
don, and  took  him  to  hear  a  minister  of  much 
repute — a  very  able  man — a  man  of  sound 
argument  and  solid  thought,  in  the  hope  that 
perhaps  something  which  he  said  would  lead 
to  his  friend's  conversion.  The  youth  listened 
to  the  sermon,  pronounced  it  an  excellent 
discourse,  and  there  was  an  end  of  it.  He 
was  taken  to  hear  another  earnest  preacher, 
but  no  result  came  of  the  service.  When  the 
last  night  came,  the  godly  friend,  in  a  sort 
of  desperation,  ventured  with  much  trembling 
to  lead  his  companion  to  hear  Rowland  Hill, 
earnestly  praying  that  he  might  not  say  any 
ifunny  things,  that  he  might  preach  a  very 
solemn  sermon.  To  his  horror,  B.  Hill  that 
j  night  said  many  quaint  things,  among  the 
rest  he  said  that  he  had  seen  a  number  of 
pigs  following  a  butcher  in  the  street,  at  which 
he  marvelled,  inasmuch  as  swine  usually  have 
a  will  of  their  own,  and  that  will  is  not  often 
according  to  their  driver's  mind.  Upon  in- 
quiring he  found  that  the  pigs  followed  the 
leader  because  he  had  peas  in  his  pocket,  and 


every  now  and  then  he  dropped  a  few  before 
them,  thus  overcoming  their  scruples  and  pro- 
pensities. Even  so,  "said  the  preacher,  does 
the  devil  lead  ungodly  men  captives  to  his 
will,  and  conduct  them  into  the  slaughter- 
house of  everlasting  destruction,  by  indulging 
them  in  the  pleasures  of  the  world. 

The  sober  man  who  had  brought  his  friend 
to  the  chapel,  was  greatly  shocked  at  such  a 
grovelling  simile,  and  grieved  to  think  of  the 
mirth  which  his  .young  friend  would  find  in 
the  comparison.  They  reached  the  door,  and 
to  his  surprise  the  youth  observed,  "I  shall 
never  forget  this  service.  That  story  about 
the  pigs  has  deeply  impressed  me,  for  I  fear 
it,  is  my  case."  The  critic  could  only  retract 
his  criticism  in  the  silence  ot  his  own  grateful 
heart. 

A  young  minister  became  much  discouraged 
at  seeing  but  little  evidence  of  religious  life 
or  spiritual  growth  amongthe  people  to  whom 
he  preached,  and  in  this  condition  of  mind  at- 
tended a  conference  of  his  brethren,  where  he 
was  instructed  by  the  following  incident: 
Towards  evening,  a  young  girl  entered  the 
room  where  they  Were  assembled,  and  essayed 
to  light  the  lamps.  Twice  she  ignited  a  match, 
but  each  time  attempting  to  use  it  before  it 
was  fairly  burning,  she  failed  of  her  purpose. 
A  gray  haired  man,  one  of  the  oldest  minis- 
ters present,  sat  watching  he 
attempt,  he  said 


"  Allow  your  match  to  get  fairly  to  burn- 
ing, my  dear,  before  you  try  to  light  any- 
thing from  it." 

When  she  had  fulfilled  her  duties  and  left 
the  room,  he  added  : 

"  I  think  we  often  attempt  the  same  thing 
little  Miss  Lucy  tried  to  do  just  now.  We  try 
to  set  the  hearts  of  others  on  tire,  with  the 
zeal  and  love  that  are  not  yet  really  burning 
in  our  own  souls.  And  we  fail,  just  as  she 
did,  till  we  have  received  of  the  heavenly 
flame,  and  can  testify  from  hearts  all  aglow, 
and  ready  to  impart  of  our  warmth  to  others." 

A  pleasant  illustration  of  our  subject  is 
found  in  a  letter  of  David  Hall,  a  worthy  ruin 


honorable  tradesman  both  in  the  wholesale 
and  retail  way  ;  a  punctual  payer  of  the  King's 
duties,  and  a  detester  of  smuggling  trade. 
He  delivers  vast  quantities  of  excellent  goods; 
gives  large  measure,  and  penny-worths  too  ; 
and  he  was  a  Blacksmith  to  me  when  at  Sed- 
bury  in  his  young  years,  not  then  worth  five 
pounds  per  annum.  But  really  I  think  he 
hath  been  at  the  University  since  he  left  the 
anvil,  for  even  while  he's  exposing  his  traffic, 
he  talks  like  a  philosopher,  and  returns  as 
much  in  a  week  as  some  men  do  in  seven 
.years.  Ho  is  now  very  able  and  rides  like  a 
parliament  man. 

There  was  then  present  one  John  Wilson, 
from  Kendal  in  Westmoreland,  clerk  to  the 
Merchant's  Company  and  to  the  body  of 
trailers,  who  has  a  considerable  share  in  the 
trade  himself,  but  in  the  private  way,  scarce 
ever  keeping  open  shop  or  stall  in  public  Fairs 
or  Markets.  Please  to  tell  him  from  me,  that 
if  he  would  keep  open  stall,  and  not  deal  so 
much  like  a  smuggler,  he  would  get  gain  ; 
and  gain,  I  know,  he  loves  well ;  but  of  such 
saith  the  proverb,  '  Cat  loves  fish,  but  loves 
not  to  wet  her  foot.'  I  observe  that  when 
Tradesmen  and  Merchants  are  met  in  the 
Royal  Exchange  to  adjust  affairs,  and  confer 
about  the  rules  of  trade,  he  is  of  singular  ser- 
vice, being  of  sincerity,  good  parts,  and  in 
At  her  third  [faculties  not  inferior  to  Walpole.  Methinks 
II  see  in  the  man  a  peculiar  talent  in  cutting 


out  work  for  others,  being  one  of  the  Directors 
of  the  Honorable  Company  of  Merchants;  yet 
I  don't  think  him  too  forward,  but  rather  too 
backward.  I  love  him  much.  His  wife  also 
has  been  in  this  country,  and  her  companion's 
wares  and  conduct  were  such  as  added  repu- 
tation to  the  business,  and  they  have  left  a  good 
report  behind  them.  We  hear  that  one  of 
John  Wilson's  daughters  hath  lately  set  up. 
Shall  I  not  conclude,  father,  mother  and 
daughter  being  all  merchants,  the  family 
must  needs  be  rich  in  time?  I  wish  them 
good  success. 

We  find,  Dear  Friends,  there  are  some  stir- 
ng  and  reviving  of  trade  amongst  the  young 


istcr  of  Skipton,  Yorkshire,  England,  where  people  and  elders  in  London  ;  and  in  thi 
he  was  long  usefully  employed  as  a  teacher,  country  there  is  a  brave  appearance  of  young 
Robert  Proud,  the  historian  of  Pennsylvania, ' generally.  I  hope  many  will  be  made  willing 
was  one  of  his  pupils.  The  letter  was  written  in  time  to  take  up  the  cross  daily  and  follow 
from  Newport,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  whither  the  Captain  of  our  salvation, 
ho  had  gone  on  a  religious  visit,  more  than  a  I  Visiting  inland  parts  of  Hampshire  pretty 
century  ago.  He  refers  to  the  Yearly  Meet-  [thoroughly,  I  found  freedom  to  cross  the  Her- 
ing  of  London  and  the  worthy  ministers  who  ring  pond  into  this  little  isle,  and  may  per- 
were  congregated  there,  as  a  company  of,  haps  personally  or  literally  let  thee  know  the 
merchants,  each  with  his  valuable  stock  of  state  of  affairs  in  this  little  isle,  touching  the. 
goods.  j  trade  I  have  been  speaking  of.     Meanwhile, 

my  honorable  friend,  farewell. 
"  To  John  Wilson  of  Cumberland,  England,!      And   pray  for  thy  poor,  but  I  hope  true 
— I  here  send  thee  one  of  my  paper  messen-  .friend,  David  Hall." 

gers  to  convey  true  love  to  thyself,  children 

and  friends;  also  to  inform  thee  that  I  am  When  Rachel  Wilson,  a  ministering  Friend 
well  in  health — and  taking  my  knapsack  once,  of  England,  was  in  this  country  in  1760,  she 
about  five  or  six  weeks  ago,  I  set  out  from  attended  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  and 
home  towards  London  ;  in  the  way  to  which  in  the  concluding  sitting  of  the  select  meet- 
city  I  exposed  my  wares  about  10  times,  and  ing,  she  imparted  much  solid  advice,  particu- 
got  as  much  as  supported  me  to  that  city,  larly  to  the  elders,  whom  she  compared  to 
When  I  came  there  I  found  a  confluence  of  the  golden  snuffers  under  the  law,  that  were 
brave  tradesmen,  both  Inland  and  Outland  made  of  the  same  beaten  gold  with  the  lamps, 
merchants,  and  great  plenty  of  curious  cam- 'She  remarked  that  if  a  proper  use  was  made 
bricks,  fine  English  cloth,  Holland  cloth,  and  of  the  snuffers,  by  taking  away  that  which 
Irish  cloth,  so  that  poor  I  exposed  my  brown  dimmed  the  lustre  and  was  superfluous,  the 
linen  but  thrice  in  that  metropolis  ;  for  what  light  would  burn  and  shine  clearer  and 
signifies  lighting  a  small  candle  in  the  sun-  brighter.  But  some  were  so  fond  of  snuffing, 
shine.  jtbat  they  at  length  waste  the  life  of  the  can- 

There  was  now  atsaid  city,  Samuel  Bownas,  die  and  put  it  out;  and  it  was  much  easier  to 
a  wealthy  merchant  of  Dorsetshire,  a   very  take  away  tho  light  than  to  give  it. 


60 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  force  and  appropriateness  of  this  com- 
parison are  very  clear  to  those  who  have 
been  familiar  with  candles  as  their  principal 
dependence  for  artificial  light ;  but  in  these 
days  of  gas  and  kerosene,  there  may  be  some 
who  do  not  know  how  greatly  the  light  of 
the  candle  is  dimmed  by  the  excrescences 
which  form  on  the  top  of  the  wick,  and  which 
it  is  the  office  of  the  snuffers  to  remove. 

At  a  meeting  in  New  England,  in  1850, 
Mary  Davis,  of  Dartmouth,  delivered  an  in- 
teresting communication.  She  lived  in  a  sea- 
faring neighborhood,  so  that  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  the  lesson  she  wished  to  convey 
should  be  couched  in  terms  familiar  to  sea- 
going people.  The  subject  that  came  before 
her  mind  was  a  ship,  tossed  with  contrary 
winds,  and  a  head-beat  sea,  that  yet  neared 
the  desired  spot,  almost  without  being  con- 
scious of  it.  The  reckoning  might  be  outrun, 
but  she  thought  it  high  time  to  take  a  pilot 
on  board.  When  a  ship  is  nearing  port,  the 
mariners  look  anxiously  for  the  pilot;  and 
he,  knowing  their  wants,  will  come  a  long 
distance  to  meet  them.  But  it  is  not  enough 
merely  to  take  a  pilot  on  board,  we  must  give 
up  the  whole  government  of  the  ship  to  him, 
and  obey  his  commands,  if  we  expect  to  be 
brought  safeljr  in.  Unless  we  are  thus  obe- 
dient and  submissive,  we  may  be  shipwrecked 
and  cast  away  at  last,  after  safely  voyaging  a 
lont!'  distance. 


Illiteracy,  as  shown  by  the  Census  of  1880  ;  its 
effects,  Industrial,  Social,  and  Political,  upon 
the  Country ;  the  Nation  the  only  -patron  of 
Education  equal  to  the  emergency. 
Thus  is  stated  the  subject  of  an  able  and 
patriotic  discourse,   by  John   Eaton,   United 
States  Commissioner  of  Education.     It  fur- 
nishes us  with  valuable  statistics  and  sugges- 
tions, which  help  us  to  a  right  appreciation 
of  important  facts. 

We  now  stand  confronted  by  the  facts  that 
the  increase  of  the  colored  population  has 
been  33  per  cent,  in  the  last  ten  years;  that 
if  this  rate  goes  on  they  will  be  more  than 
eleven  millions  at  the  end  of  this  century, 
against  about  four  and  a  half  millions  at  the 
time  of  Lincoln's  Proclamation  of  Emancipa- 
tion; that  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
done  for  the  freedmen,  there  arc  still  1,003,- 
906  colored  children  in  the  late  slave  States, 
of  school  age,  not  attending  school ;  that  dur- 
ing the  great  increase  in  the  last  twenty  years, 
the  only  legislation  effected  by  Congress  for 
the  education  of  the  freedmen,  was  that  of 
the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  which  expired  by  its 
own  limitation  in  1871;  carrying  into  its 
grave  the  pay  of  2000  teachers. 

John  Eaton's  discourse  says  :  "  The  colored 
persons,  ten  years  of  age  and  upward,  unable 
to  write,  as  returned  by  the  late  census,  num 
ber  3,220,878  ;  or,  a  number  equal  to  the  cntin 
population  when  the  original  thirteen  States 
were  first  united  under  one  form  of  govern 
ment.  The  foreign  white  population,  of  ten 
years  of  age  and  upward,  unable  to  write 
number  763,020;  and  tho  number  of  nativi 
white  persons  of  the  same  age  unable  to  write 
is  2,255,460.  Tho  total  number,  ten  years  oil 
and  upward,  unable  to  write  in  all  tin-  Stair? 
and  Territories  and  tho  District  of  Columbia 
is  6,239,958,  showing,  as  compared  with  simi 
lar  figures  from  tho  census  of  1870,  relatively 
an  advance  of  three  per  cent,  in  intelligence, 
but  an  actual  gain  in  the  number  of  illiterate; 


of  581,814,  in  spite  of  all  the  educational  ac- 
tivities of  the  intermediate  ten  years." 

He  goes  on  to  specify  the  "  agencies"  which 
may  be  invoked  to  deal  with  this  illiteracy, 
and  avert  its  calamities,  viz.,  the  family;  the 
church ;  tho  distribution  of  the  Bible  and 
religious  tracts  and  books ;  and  the  public 
schools,  aided  by  national  legislation  and 
national  funds.  The  statistics  and  facts,  and 
the  arguments  deduced  from  them,  are  deeply 
nteresting;  and  should  be  read  by  those  who 
are  accustomed  to  think  upon  what  imperils 
our  institutions  and  what  supports  them. 
Y.  W. 


AUTUMN. 
The  golden-rod  is  yellow, 

The  corn  is  turning  brown, 
The  trees  in  apple  orchards 

With  fruit  are  bending  down. 

The  gentian's  bluest  fringes 
Are  curling  in  the  sun, 

In  dusky  pods  the  milk-weed 
Its  hidden  silk  has  spun. 

The  sedges  flaunt  their  harvest 
In  every  meadow  nook  ; 

And  asters  by  the  brookside 
Make  asters  in  the  brook. 

By  all  the  lovely  tokens 
September  days  are  here, 

With  summer's  best  of  wealth, 
And  autumn's  best  of  cheer. 


HARVEST  HOME. 
Sow  in  the  morn  thy  seed, 

At  eve  hold  not  thy  hand, 
To  doubt  and  fear  give  thou  no  heed  ; 

Broad-cast  it  o'er  the  land. 

Beside  all  waters  sow, 

The  highway  furrows  stock  ; 
Drop  it  where  thorns  and  thistles  grow  ; 

Scatter  it  on  the  rock. 

The  good,  the  fruitful  ground, 

Expect  not  everywhere; 
O'er  hill  and  dale,  by  plots,  'tis  found, 

Go  forth  then,  everywhere. 

Thou  knowest  not  which  may  thrive, 

The  late,  or  early  sown  ; 
Grace  keeps  the  precious  germ  alive, 

When,  and  wherever  strown  ; 

And  duly  shall  appear, 

In  verdure,  beauty,  strength, 
The  tender  blade,  the  stalk,  the  ear, 

And  the  full  corn  at  length. 

Thou  canst  not  toil  in  vain  ; 

Cold,  heat,  and  moist  and  dry, 
Shall  iosler  and  mature  the  grain 

For  garners  in  the  sky. 

Hence,  when  the  glorious  end, 

The  day  of  God  is  come, 
The  angel  reapers  shall  descend, 

And  heaven  cry,  "Harvest  Home!" 

— James  Montgomery. 

For  "  The  Friend." 


Bearing  One  with  Another. 

The  following  epistle  of  that  highly  favored 
servant  of  the  Lord,  Isaac  Penington,  is  of- 
fered for  insertion  in  "Tho  Friend,"  with 
desires  that  it  may  be  a  means  in  stirring  up 
those  who  havo  been  overtaken  with  weak- 
nesses, or  aro  in  a  fault-finding  spirit,  or  who, 
as  talebearers  aro  detracting  from  tho  worth 
or  character  of  others.  "Thou  shalt  not  go 
up  and  down  as  a  talebearer,"  is  a  language 
of  Scripture.  Those  who  feel  themselves  a'; 
grieved  should  be  willing  to  go  to  the  partie 
concerned  and  endeavor  to  bo  reconciled  to  : 
brother  or  a  sister,  as  tho  caso  may  be.     Ou 


blessed  Saviour  said,  "When  thou  bringest' 
thy  gift  to  the  altar,  and  there  remembcrest! 
thy  brother  hath  aught  against  thee,  leavej 
there  thy  gift,  &c,  first  go  and  be  reconciled' 
to  thy  brother,  then  come  and  offer  thy  gift." 
In  the  first  place,  "go  and  be  reconciled  ;"  do 
what  thou  canst  to  be  reconciled,  then  thou 
wilt  be  clear.  As  we  are  faithful  unto  Him 
who  is  calling  us  to  glory  and  to  virtue,  we 
shall  feel  that  true  peace  of  mind  which  passes 
the  natural  understanding,  and  which  the 
world  can  neither  give  nor  take  away.  Oh  11 
this  is  worth  striving  after — peace  with  Godli 

Ohio,  9th  mo.  3rd.  1883. 

"  Friends, — Our  life  is  love,  and  peace,  and, 
tenderness;  and  bearing  one  with  another, 
and  forgiving  one  another,  and  not  laying  ac-' 
cusations  against  another;  but  praying  one1, 
for  another,  and  helping  one  another  up  with 
a  tender  hand,  if  there  has  been  anj^  slip  or 
fall ;  and  waiting  till  the  Lord  gives  sense  and 
repentance,  if  sense  and  repentance  in  any  be 
wanting.  Oh  !  wait  to  feel  this  spirit,  and  to 
be  guided  to  walk  in  this  spirit,  that  ye  may 
enjoy  the  Lord  in  sweetness,  and  walk  sweet* 
ly,  meekly,  tenderly,  peaceably  and  lovingly 
one  with  another.  And  then  ye  will  be  a 
praise  to  the  Lord  ;  and  any  thing  that  is,  oij 
hath  been,  or  may  be  amiss,  ye  will  come  over 
in  the  true  dominion,  even  in  the  Lamb's  do- 
minion ;  and  that  which  is  contrary  shall  be 
trampled  upon,  as  life  rises  and  rules  in  you. 
So  watch  your  hearts  and  ways ;  and  watch 
one  over  another  in  that  which  is  gentle,  and 
tender,  and  know  it  can  neither  preserve 
itself,  nor  help  another  out  of  the  snare  ;  but 
the  Lord  must  be  waited  upon  to  do  this  in 
and  for  us  all.  So  mind  Truth, — the  service, 
enjoyment,  and  possession  of  it  in  your  hearts; 
and  so  to  walk,  as  ye  may  bring  no  disgrace 
upon  it,  but  may  be  a  good  savor  in  tho  [daces 
where  ye  live,  the  meek,  innocent,  tender, 
righteous  life  reigning  in  you,  governing  over 
you,  and  shining  through  3-ou,  in  the  eyes  of 
all  with  whom  ye  converse. 

Your  friend  in  the  Truth,  and  a  desirer  of 
your  welfare  and  prosperity  therein.    I.  P. 

Aylesbury,  4th  of  Third  month,  1667. 

Two  Singular  Sentences. — Judge  Krekcl,  06 
the  United  States  District  Court,  Missouji 
has  recently  established  a  precedent  in  th'fr 
imposition  of  sentences  for  violation  of  law 
that  may  bo  followed  with  good  results.  Wil- 
liam Hannah  was  arraigned  in  that  court  on 
the  charge  of  selling  liquor  to  Indians.  Ho 
pleaded  guilty  and  gave  as  an  excuse  his  ig- 
norance of  the  law,  and  stated  he  could  nei-f 
ther  read  nor  write.  He  was  a  young  man, 
and  thejudge,  not  desiring  to  be  toosovere  <>n 
an  ignorant  man,  whose  first  offence  was.  per-; 
haps,  :m  accidental  violation  of  a  United  States! 
law,  gave  him  some  good  advice,  and  propose* 
to  him  that  he  should  learn  to  write,  ami  in  or- 
der to  insure  success  sentenced  him  to  tho 
Colo  County  jail  until  he  should  bo  aide  to 
write  a  letter.  Hannah  expressed  a  doubt  as 
to  being  able  to  learn  the  art  of  writing,  but 
thejudge  assured  him  it  could  be  done,  if  1)0 
applied  himself,  within  a  reasonable  time,  and 
in  order  to  help  him  he  would  assign  him 
a  teacher.  This  teacher  was  one  Martin, 
who  having  been  convicted  of  cutting  timber 
OffgOVernmont  lands,  was  awaiting  sentence, 
failing  up  Martin,  thejudge  sentenced  him  to 
the  Cole  County  jail  for  at  term  to  expire 
when  he  should  have  taught  the  man  Hannah 


THE    FRIEND. 


61 


to  write.     Martin  willingly   consented,  and 
the  two  men  went  to  jail. 

The  success  of  this  experiment  in  compul- 
sory education  was  evidenced  bj-  the  appear- 
ance before  the  clerk  of  the  court,  of  Han- 
nah, who  presented  a  specimen  of  very  fair 
penmanship  as  a  result  of  a  little  over  three 
weeks'  application.  As  a  further  test  the 
clerk  requested  him  to  write  a  letter.  This 
test  was  rather  too  much  for  Hannah,  who 
lacked  readiness  in  composition,  and  was  at  a 
'loss,  he  explained,  for  ideas.  The  clerk  then 
dictated  a  letter  to  him,  which  he  wrote  very 
well,  and  having  complied  with  the  order  of 
the  court  by  learning  to  write,  he  was  dis- 
charged. Martin  was  also  discharged,  having 
completed  his  part  of  the  undertaking  in 
teaching  his  fellow-prisoner  to  write. — Chr. 
Advocate. 


Prohibition  in  Ohio. 

The  Society  of  Friends  has  long  borne  a 
testimony  against  intemperance,  and  has  been 
strict  in  putting  into  operation  the  rules  of] 
discipline,  calculated  for  the  suppression  of 
that  evil.  But  inasmuch  as  those  members 
of  our  Society,  resident  in  Ohio,  who  arej 
voters,  will  be  called  upon  at  the  coming! 
State  election,  on  the  9th  of  next  month,  in; 
common  with  all  other  electors  of  the  State,' 
to  pass  upon  the  question  of  Constitutional 
Prohibition,  I  have  felt  anxious  that  none  of 
our  members  may  fail  to  embrace  this  oppor- 
tunity of  making  their  influence  felt  in  an 
effort  to  attain  such  a  desirable  end  as  the 
abolition  of  the  liquor  business,  the  greatest 
curse  of  civilized  society. 

There  are  two  amendments  offered  to  the 
people  of  Ohio  this  tall.  The  first  proposes 
to  leave  the  entire  control  of  the  liquor  in- 
terest in  the  hands  of  the  State  Legislature 
to  regulate^?)  the  traffic,  and  if  adopted  could 
hardly  fail  to  make  more  respectable  (by  giv-' 
ing  to  it  the  sanction  of  law)  a  business  not 
only  brutalizing  in  its  effects,  but  one  more 
prolific  of  crime  and  pauperism  than  any 
other,  or  all  other  causes  put  together.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  whisky  ele-1 
ment  of  the  State  is  arrayed  in  favor  of  this' 
amendment  and  against  the  second,  which 
provides  that  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  in- 
toxicating drinks  as  a  beverage  shall  be  for- 
ever prohibited  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 

Certainty  none  of  our  members  would  hesi- 
tate as  between  these  two  propositions.  But 
there  are  some  Friends  who  take  little  interest 
in  the  political  issues  of  the  day,  and  who 
seldom  exercise  their  right  of  suffrage.  These 
I  would  urge  to  consider  carefully  their  per- 
sonal responsibility,  and  see  if  the  general 
welfare  of  the  commonwealth  and  the  good 
of  our  fellow  men,  does  not  demand  that  we 
use  this  means,  now  put  in  our  power,  to 
strike  a  blow  for  the  suppression  of  a  business 
so  utterly  immoral  and  iniquitous. 

J.  E. 

Columbiana,  Ohio. 


Weinsberg. — On  a  steep  and  high  conical 
hill,  covered  with  fruitful  vineyards  now, 
which  overlooks  it,  stands  the  ruins  of  the 
castle  or  citadel.  In  the  year  1140,  Conrad 
III.,  during  the  wars  which  rendered  his  reign 
memorable,  finally  drove  his  ducal  enemies  in- 
to this  stronghold.  Here,  shut  up  as  in  a  trap, 
after  exhausting  all  their  supplies,  they  were 
compelled  to  surrender,    and    they  were  all 


doomed  by  the  irate  conqueror  to  death.  His 
camp  stood  over  on  the  plain,  in  full  view, 
surrounded  by  his  army  and  courtiers,  who 
were  eager  to  execute  summary  vengeance. 
The  wives,  mothers,  and  daughters  went  forth 
in  a  body  from  the  besieged  castle,  and  pros- 
trated themselves  before  the  king  to  plead 
for  the  lives  of  their  husbands,  sons,  and  fa- 
thers. At  first  unrelenting,  he  so  far  yielded 
as  to  grant  the  women  themselves  their  lives, 
and  so  much  of  their  most  cherished  treasures 
as  they  could  carry  away  on  their  persons ; 
as  for  the  men  no  mercy  could  be  shown.  The 
emperor  and  his  retinue  impatiently  waited 
in  the  valley  to  see  them  emerge,  that  the 
execution  might  bo  consummated.  After  a 
little  they  saw  the  gate  swing  open  and  the 
head  of  the  moving  column.  What  was  their 
astonishment  to  see  each  woman  bearing  a 
man  upon  her  shoulders.  The  king's  brother 
and  other  attendants  were  full  of  wrath,  and 
demanded  summary  vengeance  for  the  act  of 
temerity  ;  but  the  emperor  said,  "No  ;  the 
word  of  an  emperor  cannot  be  broken  ;"  and 
so  the  slaughter  was  prevented.  The  castle 
has  ever  since  borne  t  be  name  of  "Weibertreu," 
and  the  path  down  which  the  procession 
moved  is  called  "Weibertreu  weg."  The  inci- 
dent is  as  true  as  thrilling.  The  view  from 
the  citadel  is  one  of  finest  in  Germany,  over  a 
sea  of  vineyards  covering  many  miles  of  hill 
and  valley. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Life  in  the  Society  of  Friends. 

It  was  not  an  evidence  of  religious  life 
among  the  people  when  "  The  word  of  the 
Lord  was  precious  in  those  days,  there  was 
no  open  vision."  1st  Sam.  iii.  1.  But  the 
Lord  was  pleased  to  call,  and  established  his 
servant  Samuel  a  prophet  at  a  very  early  age. 

It  has  ever  been  encouraging  to  the  living 
members  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  when 
one  or  more  have  acceptably  appeared  in  the 
public  ministry  of  the  Word.  Those  have 
been  watched  over  with  a  tender  solicitude, 
for  their  preservation  and  growth.  The  Lord 
calls  those  to  service  from  among  the  mem- 
bers of  his  church  who,  through  faithfulness 
to  Him  in  other  things,  have  proved  them- 
selves to  be  trustworthy.  But  wordlymind- 
edness,  and  lukewarmness,  have  been  the 
great  hindrances  to  religious  life  and  advance 
ment  in  society,  and  a  consequent  diminu- 
tion of  religious  laborers. 

Some  twenty  years  ago  or  more,  there 
were  rumors  of  revival  in  some  places  and 
of  a  great  outpouring  of  the  Spirit,  as  evinced 
by  a  large  number  of  public  offerings,  pro- 
fessedly in  the  line  of  the  ministry.  Persons 
at  a  distance  could  not  judge  of  the  reality 
of  the  movement,  but  endeavored  to  exercise 
the  charity  which  hopeth  all  things.  But,  in 
some  minds  there  was  an  honest  fear,  that 
nearly  baffled  hope.  As  time  passed  on,  the 
movement  increased  and  spread;  and  with  it 
a  decline  in  that  which  has  ever  character- 
ized the  Friend,  both  in  appearance  and 
action.  Departures  in  principle  and  practice, 
have  been  carried  to  such  a  length,  that  a  re- 
action has  taken  place.  Many  Friends  have 
been  led  to  bear  a  practical  testimony  against 
the  wrong.  Some  are  in  such  tried  positions 
that  they  cannot  free  themselves  of  it,  and 
therefore  have  to  suffer.  Others  again  appear 
to  be  hesitating.  They  have  entertained,  and 
perhaps  still  indulge  in  hopes  of  a  true  re- 
vival to  come  out  of  the  movement;  and  are 


looking  to  a  change  of  base  to  effect  and  per- 
petuate such  a  revival.  It  is  to  be  feared 
that  not  a  few  have  been  captivated  with  the 
thought  of  a  gospel  without  law  or  restraint, 
and  a  crown  without  a  submission  to  tho 
cross,  accompanied  with  a  feeling  of  security 
because  many  are  travelling  the  same  road. 
The  "  strait  gate  and  narrow  way,"  to  them, 
appear  shrouded  with  gloom.  They  claim, 
that  the  Society  ot  Friends  had  got  into  an 
extreme  of  straitness,  that  they  are  determ- 
ined to  avoid.  No  doubt  there  have  been  too 
many  lukewarm  members.  Yet  there  have 
been,  in  every  period  of  the  Society's  exis- 
tence, those  in  membership  who  were  valiant 
for  the  Truth,  and  fruitful  in  their  day. 

The  many  who  joined  Friends  in  an  early 
day  from  eonvineement  is  held  to  view  in. 
contrast  with  the  few  who  now  unite  in 
membership.  A  large  portion  of  those  who 
became  Friends  in  the  beginning,  had  previ- 
ously belonged  to  other  religious  bodies,  and 
were  among  the  most  spiritually  minded; 
but  not  feeling  satisfied  with  the  emptiness 
of  those  professions;  the  preaching  of  tho 
doctrine  "of  the  Light,"  or  Holy  Spirit  of 
Christ  Jesus  in  the  conscience, — as  that  by 
which  sin  was  manifested  and  reproved,  duty 
unfolded,  and  ability  given  to  run  in  the  way 
ot  God'scommandments, — was  glad  tidings  to 
those  longing  souls,  who  eagerly  embraced  it 
as  that  for  which  they  had  been  seeking.  In 
this  da}-,  there  is  also  much  emptiness  of  re- 
ligious profession,  many  are  going  after  the 
"lo,  here  is  Christ,  and  lo,  He  is  there,"  and 
fail  to  receive  Him  in  the  way  of  his  coming. 
And  many  who  call  themselves  Friends  are 
going  with  tho  multitude.  How  can  such 
expect  accessions  of  true  members  to  Friends, 
while  they  themselves  are  stumbling  blocks 
to  tho  honest  seeker  after  the  Truth  ? 

It  is  a  practical  experience  with  Friends, 
that  true  limitation  forms  a  part  of  Divine 
guidance.  Adam  Spencer. 


Religious  Items,  &c. 

The  Free  Methodists.— The  rise  of  this  off- 
shoot from  the  Methodist  Society  is  narrated 
by  B.  T.  Roberts,  one  of  its  most  active  and 
influential  members,  in  a  book  with  the  title, 
"  Why  Another  Sect.1' 

In  the  Methodist  Genessee  Conference  of 
Western  New  York  35  or  40  years  ago,  there 
gradually  grew  up  two  parties,  who  differed 
mainly  on  questions  of  discipline  and  prac- 
tice, while  both  profess  to  adhere  to  the  dis- 
tinctive doctrines  of  Methodism.  At  that 
period  slavery  was  an  absorbing  question. 
There  were  many  members  in  good  standing 
in  the  M.  E.  Church,  who  held  slaves.  The 
efforts  of  some  of  its  preachers  and  members 
at  the  North  to  banish  slaveholding  from  its 
limits  by  proper  enactments,  naturally  met 
with  opposition  from  others.  The  feeling  on 
this  subject  in  Western  New  Y'ork  was  very 
decided  ;  and  this  formed  one  of  the  points  of 
difference.  Another  point  had  reference  to  Se- 
cret Societies,  such  as  those  of  the  Masons  and 
Oddfellows,  with  which  some  of  the  preach- 
ers had  become  connected.  Collisions  took 
place  between  these,  and  some  of  the  members 
of  the  churches,  who  refused  to  support  such 
preachers.  The  disputes  were  carried  so  far, 
that  two  of  the  most  active  and  zealous  of  the 
Anti-Slavery  and  Anti-Masonic  ministers  (of 
whom  B.  T.  Boberts  was  one)  were  expelled 
from  the  Conference  in  the  year  1858,   and 


62 


THE    FRIEND. 


this  was  followed  by  similar  expulsions  in 
subsequent  years.  An  appeal  was  taken  to 
the  General  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church 
in  I860,  but  it  failed  to  reverse  the  action  of 
the  Genessee  Conference  and  reinstate  the 
expelled  preachers.  Some  of  these,  met  in 
convention  in  the  eighth  month  of  that  year, 
together  with  many  of  those  who  sympa- 
thized with  them,  and  agreed  to  organize  a 
society  under  the  name  of  the  Free  Metho- 
dist Church. 

The  Conferences  of  this  body  are  composed 
of  an  equal  number  of  ministers  and  of  lay 
delegates,  and  are  presided  over  by  officers 
styled  General  Superintendents,  who  are 
elected  every  four  years — the  title  of  Bishop 
not  being  retained  among  them.  They  ad- 
here strictly  to  the  plainness  of  dress  and 
other  testimonies  against  worldliness  which 
are  required  b}T  the  old  Methodist  discipline, 
but  which  have  been  much  disregarded  in 
the  M.  E.  Church  of  late  years.  They  pro- 
hibit any  one  connected  with  them  from  be- 
ing a  member  of  any  secret  society,  or  from 
using  intoxicating  liquors  or  tobacco,  except 
as  a  medicine.  They  discourage  the  erection 
of  costly  places  of  worship,  and  make  all  the 
seats  in  them  free  to  any  one  who  may  choose 
to  occupy  them.  The  number  of  members 
in  1862  was  2,498;  which  increased  to  10,- 
682  in  1878,  divided  among  twelve  Annual 
Conferences,  extending  from  New  York  to 
Kansas. 

Persecution  in  Hungary.  —  The  Baptist 
Christians  have  suffered  much  from  persecu- 
tion the  past  year,  according  to  the  Exam- 
iner. More  than  15  have  been  imprisoned  in 
filthy  jails  for  several  nights  and  days  with- 
out food.  Some  of  them  were  carried  a  dis- 
tance of  25  miles  in  chains,  returning  home 
sick  and  sore  with  the  chafing  of  their  fet- 
ters. In  some  cases  the  imprisonment  has 
been  repeated.  Several  members  were  seri- 
ously injured  by  stones  thrown  at  them 
during  a  baptismal  service  at  Derecske  ;  and 
one  opposer  beat  out  a  sister's  brains  with  an 
iron  pitchfork.  Two  policemen  forcibly  car- 
ried away  the  child  of  a  Baptist  family  in 
order  to  have  it  christened  by  a  priest,  and 
the  parents  were  fined  ten  shillings.  In  some 
places  the  houses  of  the  brethren  have  been 
nearly  demolished  and  rendered  uninhabit- 
able. Taxation  for  the  support  of  the  State 
Church  has  also  pressed  heavily  upon  the 
Hungarian  brethren,  and  in  some  instances 
resulted  in  the  seizure  of  their  goods. — Chr. 
Adv. 

A  New  Sect  in  Finland. — A  religious  vagary 
of  a  very  singular  character  is" manifesting 
itself  in  some  counties  of  the  Grand  Duchy 
of  Finland.  The  new  sect  call  themselves 
the  "Pure  by  Excellence,"  and  profess  the 
superiority  and  supremacy  of  woman,  who 
must  control  the  family.  In  every  house 
where  the  new  doctrines  are  practised  a  wo- 
man, elected  by  her  companions,  is  invested 
with  a  sort  of  directing  power,  which  gives 
her  the  right  to  inflict  penance,  and  even 
rigorous  chastisement.  The  new  creed  re- 
quires that  all  their  disciples  shall  confess 
their  sins  to  certain  women  at  least  once  a 
week. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Aerial  Hoots. — In  our  temperate  climates 
therootsof  plants  are  generally  buried  in  the 
earth,  from  which  they  absorb  nourishment. 


Yet  wo  have  occasional  instances  in  which 
they  are  produced  above  ground,  as  in  the 
circle  of  roots  thrown  out  by  Indian  corn 
from  a  joint  above  the  surface.  In  the 
moister  atmosphere  of  the  tropics  there  are 
many  plants,  even  among  the  large  trees, 
which  produce  aerial  roots  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  form  a  very  striking  and  peculiar  fea- 
ture of  tropical  vegetation.  Professor  Haeckel 
of  Jena,  who  spent  the  winter  of  1881-2  in 
the  Island  of  Ceylon  investigating  its  new 
and  beautiful  forms  of  animal  and  vegetable 
life,  mentions  several  of  these  which  arrested 
his  attention,  being  so  unlike  anything  which 
his  native  country  could  show. 

Among  them  are  the  Mangroves,  which  in- 
clude trees  of  different  genera  and  families, 
but  all  agreeing  in  their  peculiar  manner  of 
growth,  and  in  a  general  resemblance.  Their 
close  bushy  crown  of  leaves  grows  on  a  thick 
stem  which  rises  from  a  clump  of  many 
branched  roots,  rising  directly  above  the  sur- 
face of  the  water,  often  to  a  height  of  six  or 
eight  feet.  Between  the  forks  of  this  dome- 
shaped  mass  of  roots  the  mud  and  sand 
accumulate,  which  the  rivers,  near  whose 
mouths  they  flourish,  deposit  on  the  shores, 
so  that  a  mangrove  wood  is  highly  favorable 
to  the  extension  of  the  land.  Quantities  of 
organic  matter,  fragments  of  dead  animals 
and  plants,  also  get  caught  among  this  tangle 
of  roots  and  decompose  there;  whence  a  man- 
grove thicket  is,  in  many  parts  of  the  tropics, 
a  dreaded  source  of  dangerous  fevers. 

At  the  Ceylon  Botanical  Garden,  he  passed 
through  a  fine  avenue  of  old  India-rubber: 
trees,  (Ficus  elastica),  a  species  of  fig,  whose! 
milky  juice  forms  caoutchouc,  and  which! 
there  attains  the  size  of  a  noble  forest  tree, 
worth y  to  compare  with  our  oaks.  The  hori- 
zontal boughs  spread  from  forty  to  fifty  feet 
on  every  side,  and  the  base  of  the  trunk 
throws  out  a  circle  of  roots  often  from  one  to 
two  hundred  feet  in  diameter.  These  consist 
of  twenty  or  thirty  main  roots,  thrown  out 
from  strongly  marked  ribs  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  trunk,  and  spreading  like  huge  creep- 
ing snakes  over  the  surface  of  the  soil.  The 
India-rubber  tree  is  indeed  called  the  snake 
tree  by  the  natives.  Very  often,  how- 
ever, the  roots  grow  up  from  the  ground  like 
strong  upright  polos,  and  so  form  stout  props, 
enabling  the  parent  tree  to  defy  all  storms 
unmoved.  The  spaces  between  these  props 
form  perfect  little  rooms  or  sentry-boxes,  in 
which  a  man  can  stand  upright  and  be  hid- 
den. These  pillar  roots,  Haeckel  says,  are 
developed  in  Ceylon  in  many  other  gigantic 
trees  of  very  different  families.  He  speaks 
also  of  an  India-rubber  tree  which  he  saw  in 
another  part  of  the  island  "of  which  the 
snake-like  roots,  twisted  and  plaited  till  they 
look  like  a  close  lattice,  form  a  perfect  laby- 
rinth. Troops  of  merry  children  were  play- 
ing  in    the    nooks   between    these    root-trel- 

Another  species  of  fig,  the  Banyan,  (Ficus 
Indira  )  grows  in  Ceylon.  One  of  tbeso  which 
Haeckel  visited  is  thus  described  :  "  Its  enor- 
mous bowery  root,  under  which  a  whole  vil- 
lage of  more  than  a  hundred  huts  might  find 
room  and  shelter,  is  supported  on  numbers  of 
stout  props,  each  of  which  might  by  itself 
excite  astonishment  as  a  huge  tree.  All 
these  gigantic  and  pillar-like  trunks  arc  noth- 
ing but  aerial  roots,  thrown  out  from  the 
horizontal  branches  of  the  true  central  pa- 
rent trunk.    Among  these,  numbers  of  smaller 


aerial  roots  hang  midway,  not  having  ye  J 
reached  the  soil,  and  clearly  accounting  fo 
the  process  by  which  this  niany-stemme<i J 
giant  was  produced.  Deep  twilight  alway  ] 
prevails  under  the  shade  of  the  spreading  fo'li, 
age,  through  which  not  a  ray  of  light  caiij 
pierce." 

The  Screw-Pine  (Pandanus  odoratissimus^X 
furnishes  another  example  of  aerial  rootS'i 
The  trunk,  from  twenty  to  forty  feet  high  h|| 
forked  or  branched  at  its  extremity  like  fl 
candelabrum.  Each  branch  bears  at  the  encl 
a  thick  sheaf  of  large  sword-shaped  leavesi 
like  those  of  a  Yucca,  the  bases  of  which  art! 
arranged  in  a  close  spiral,  so  that  the  tuft  looke'J 
as  if  it  has  been  regularly  screwed.  From  the 
bottom  of  this  spiral  hang  clusters  of  white! 
and  wonderfully  fragrant  flowers,  or  largcJ 
fruits,  something  like  a  pine-apple.  The  most] 
singular  part  of  the  tree  is  in  its  slender  aerial] 
roots,  which  are  thrown  out  from  the  trunk! 
at  various  places,  and  fork  below ;  when  they! 
reach  the  soil  they  take  root  in  it,  and  serve] 
as  props  to  the  feeble  stem,  looking  exactly] 
as  if  the  tree  were  mounted  on  stilts.  Thesej 
screw-pines  have  a  singularly  grotesque  ap-j 
pearance  when  they  stand  upon  these  stilts,! 
high  above  the  surrounding  brushwood,  orl 
straddle  down  into  the  rifts  between  the 
stones,  or  creep  like  snakes  along  the  surface] 
of  the  soil. 

Habits  of  the  American  Chameleon. — This, 
is  a  small  species  of  lizard,  and  one  of  the. 
commonest  of  the  species  that  frequent  the 
lowlands  of  Louisiana — so  abundant  that  25 
or  30  have  been  caught  in  an  old  magnolia 
grove  in  an  hour  or  two.  It  is  an  inoffensive 
and  harmless  little  creature,  feeding  on  in- 
sects, and  serving  a  useful  purpose  in  keeping 
these  in  check.  Under  its  throat  is  a  fold  of 
skin  which  it  has  the  power  of  swelling  out 
at  will  into  a  little  bladder  of  a  bright  red 
color  flecked  with  white  scales. 

It  can  assume,  apparently  at  will,  one  of 
two  colors  or  an  irregularly  distributed  com- 
bination of  them;  these  are  a  bright  pea- 
green,  and  a  brownish  bronze. 

The  first  time  he  comes  under  observation 
he  may  be  descending  the  trunk  of  some  old 
cypress.  As  the  observer  cautiously  ap- 
proaches, he  moves  more  slowly,  and  his  body 
becomes  a  dead  brownish-bronze,  ever  and 
anon  imperceptibly  flushing  a  lighter  tint. 
As  one  comes  still  nearer,  he  suddenly  wheels 
and  advances  up  the  tree  in  a  spiral  line  out 
of  sight.  The  next  that  will  be  seen  of  him, 
he  will  be  stretched  on  a  horizontal  limb  far 
out  of  reach,  clothed  in  a  complete  suit  of 
bright  green,  with  his  crimson  pouch  pro- 
truding and  retracting,  reminding  one  of  the 
opening  and  shutting  of  a  butterfly's  wings 
in  the  noon-day  sun. — Am.  Nat. 

Protective  Mimicry. — "I  scrambled  over  ono 
of  those  so-called  canals  [in  the  lowlands  of 
Louisana],  that  divided,  by  the  aid  of  an  old 
fence,  an  extensive  marshy  tract  from  a  de- 
serted field.  This  field  was  overgrown,  in 
addition  to  various  other  kinds  of  under- 
growth, with  a  tall,  bright  green,  ribbon-liko 
grass.  As  I  pushed  1113-  way  into  this  a 
shower  of  grasshoppers  arose,  making  off  in 
every  direction;  by  accident,  however,  I  dis- 
covered that  two  species  did  not  resort  to 
this  mode  of  escape.  Ono  of  these  was  of  a 
shade  of  green  thai  nearly  matched  the  grass 
in  question  ;  the  other,  larger,  was  about  tho 
shade  ol'  t  he  grass  alter  it  was  dead  and  dried 
by  tho  sun.      They  both   had   the  same  form  ; 


THE    FRIEND. 


63 


ho  head  was  long  and  pointed  in  front,  its 
pparent  length  increased  by  the  insect 
>ringing  its  antenna'  together  and  stick- 
■ng  them  out  straight  forward.  Behind,  the 
rankled  wings  trailed  to  a  sharp  point,  like 
■.he  pointed  extremities  of  the  grass  blades. 
These  insects,  upon  being  alarmed,  instead  of 
.aking  to  flight  as  the  other  varieties  did, 
.imply,  and  with  marked  deliberation, shuffled 
•lown  backwards  to  the  pointed  end  of  one  of 
he  leaves  upon  which  it  was  resting  at  the 
ime,  and  quietly  hung  there,  where  it  de- 
manded a  pretty  sharp  pair  of  eyes  to  detect 
diem,  particularly  if  a  breeze  kept  the  grass 
n  motion  at  the  time." — R.  W.  Shufeldt  in 
imer.  Naturalist. 

1  Salt  Water  Insects  Used  as  Food. — Professor 
\W.  If.  Brewer,  while  working  on  the  geologi- 
sal  survey  of  California,  found  that  the  In- 
lians  gather  from  all  around  the  vicinity  of 
!Lake  Mono  at  specified  seasons  to  collect  the 
larvae  of  a  species  of  fly  [Ephydra]  which  are 
(washed  up  in  windrows  along  the  shores. 
The  worms  are  dried  and  sifted  from  the 
sand,  the  shell  then  rubbed  off  by  hand,  when 
i  yellowish  kernel  remains  like  a  small  grain 
|  rice,  oily,  nutritious  and  not  unpleasant  to 


9  mo.  8th),  which  practically  sets  aside  doc- 
trinal soundness,  and  substitutes  activity  in 
religious  work  as  the  true  standard  of  the 
church. 

There  is  a  degree  of  plausibility  in  this 
view.  A  church  which  holds  sound  doctrinal 
views,  but  is  destitute  of  spiritual  life,  is  like 
a  statue  carved  by  a  skilful  artist,  which  may 
be  beautiful  to  the  sight,  and  yet  only  a  piece 
of  marble  after  all.  The  true  church  consists 
of  those  who  have  submitted  to  the  power  of 
Divine  grace  and  have  been  transformed,  or 
are  passing  through  the  transforming  oper- 
ations of  the  Spirit  of  Christ.  Such  a  church 
cannot  bo  in  a  lifeless  state ;  but  its  members 
will  submit  to  those  baptisms  which  are  need- 
ed by  all  who  would  do  the  Lord's  work  and 
not  their  own,  and  will  labor  not  grudgingly, 
but  willingly,  in  his  cause.  The  evils  which 
exist  among  men,  are  so  many  and  so  fearful, 
that  all  true  lovers  of  God  and  man  can  unite 
in  the  desire  that  they  may  be  removed  ;'  and 
can  rejoice  in  every  effort  to  effect  this  that 
bears  the  stamp  of  the  Divine  approva' 

But  we  believe  there  are  serious  objections 
to  adopting  as  a  basis  of  church-fellowship, 
an  union   in   labors  of  a  benevolent  or  pro 


taste.  Pulverized  and  made  into  cakes  the  fessedly  religious  character,  without  reference 
food  reminded  Professor  Brewer  of  the  patent  to  the  doctrinal  principles  on  which  these 
meat  biscuit  that  was  used  during  the  war.  labors  rest.  A  Christian  may  feel  satisfaction 
There  are  no  fish  or  reptiles  in  the  lake,  but  [hearing  of  the  good  results  of  the  labors  of 
countless  millions  of  these  Ephydra  flies  rest 'those,  who,  with  whatever  mixture  of  formal- 
on  the  water  and  on  everything  round  about  ity  or  error,  are  sincerely  endeavoring  in 
it. — Am.  Nat.  [various  ways  to  promote  the  welfare  of  man- 

Shoe  -  Floiver. — A  species  of  Hibiscus  in  kind.  He  may  be  willing  that  such  should 
eylon  takes  the  place  of  roses.  The  plant  isjgo  on  with  the  work  which  they  think  right 
densely  covered  with  bright  green  leaves  and  jfor  them  to  do,  without  desiring  to  sit  in 
magnificent  red  blossoms.  D  is  known  judgment  thereon,  leaving  them  to  their  own 
among  the  English  by  the  prosaic  name  of iinaster.  But  when  he  is  so  placed  that  his 
Shoe-flower,  because  the  fruit  boiled  down  is  acquiescence  involves  a  sanction,  on  his  part, 

of  the  methods  pursued;  then  he  is  forced  to 
pause  and  reflect.  He  cannot  give  his  sanc- 
tion to  that  which  conflicts  with  important 
principles,  of  the  truth  of  which  he  is  firmly 
convinced.  In  proportion  to  the  strength  of 
his  convictions  of  what  is  right  and  true,  will 
be  the  impossibility  of  fully  co-working  with 
In  the  Journal  of  8th  mo.  15th,  (a  paper  those  holding  different  sentiments, 
published  it  the  interests  of  those  who  sepa-  Again,  in  such  a  Society  as  that  of  Friends, 
rated  from  our  Society  in  1827)  we  find  some  where  the  exercise  of  the  ministry  is  not 
comments  bj' the  Editor  on  an  editorial  article  limited  to  particular  individuals,  if  there  were 
hich  appeared  in  the  first  number  of  the  not  a  substantial  agreement  in  the  doctrines 
present  volume.  The  Editor  of  the  Journal] believed,  there  would  be  a  liability  that  some 
quotes  from  our  paper  a  reference  to  the  dis-|who  preach  in  their  meetings  would  advance 
eussions  on  Unitarian  doctrines  which  agi-]sentiments,  which  others  would  consider  doc-j 
tated  the  Society  in  1827,  and  says: — "  We  trinally  false  and  spiritually  injurious.  Such 
think  it  would  have  added  greatly  to  the  would  not  be  edified  thereby,  nor  would  they j 
strength  and  efficiency  of  the  "Society,  if  our  be  willing  that  their  children  should  be  ex-| 
""  Friends,  in  1827,  had  been  willing 'posed  to  conflicting  voices,  calculated  to  de-i 


used  for  shoe  polish. 

THE    FRIEND. 

NINTH  MONTH  29,  1883. 

Orthodoj 

to  pass  over  these  doctrinal  differences  aud 
remain  united  with  Elias  Hicks  and  others 
who  felt  like  him.  *  *  If  the  Orthodox 
had  allowed  freedom  of  opinion  on  subjects 
which  cannot  be  settled  in  this  life,  we  might 
now  be  a  united  and  prosperous  Society,  so 
we  believe." 

The  worldliness  which  exists  in  the  pro- 
fessing Church  of  Christ;  and  the  irreligion, 
mmorality,  scepticism  and  other  evils  which 
abound  in  the  community  seem,  as  we  sup- 
pose, to  our  friend,  to  furnish  an  ample  field 
for  the  exercise  of  all  the  time,  talent,  and 
icrgies  of  those  who  have  the  welfare  of 
ankind  at  heart;  without  turning  the  at- 
tention to  the  discussion  ofdoctrinal  questions. 
The  same  feeling  is  apparent  in  the  position 
taken  by  the  Christian  Worker  (as  comment- 
ed on  in  an   editorial  article  in  our  issue  of 


stroy  all  confidence  in  religion  in  their  youn 
and  immature  minds. 

The  same  number  of  the  Journal  to  which 
we  have  referred  furnishes  an  illustration  of 
this  point.  It  contains  a  contributed  article, 
which  speaks  very  disrespectfully  of  the  Bible, 
and  denies  the  divine  authority  of  much  that 
it  contains.  Now  how  can  one  who  looks  on 
the  Bible  with  reverence,  as  an  inspired  vol- 
ume, willingly  submit  to  have  such  views 
spread  before  the  world,  by  those  in  church- 
fellowship  with  himself,  and  to  whom  he 
lends  at  least  the  moral  support  of  his  char- 
acter and  influence  ?  Will  he  not  feel  a  de- 
gree of  responsibility  therefor?  And  will 
not  this  sense  of  responsibility  lead  to  such 
efforts  to  free  himself  therefrom  as  will  pre- 
vent his  harmonious  co-operation  with  those 
who  propagate  such  sentiments?     And  will 


he  not  feel  the  necessity  of  guarding  his 
children  and  those  under  his  influence  from 
such  teaching? 

To  the  operation  of  such  feelings  and  mo- 
tives we  attribute,  in  large  measure,  the  di- 
visions which  have  occurred  in  our  Society 
of  latter  times,  as  well  as  in  1827.  Nor  have 
we  much  hope  that  this  tendency  will  be 
stayed,  while  views  of  Christian  truth,  irre- 
concilably different,  continue  to  be  promul- 
gated within  its  borders.  The  advocates  of 
both  sets  of  views  have  in  some  cases  believed 
it  better  to  be  apart  than  together.  From 
various  quarters  comes  the  pathetic  inquiry 
— How  can  I  suffer  my  children  to  witness 
proceedings,  and  listen  to  teachings  in  our 
meetings,  calculated  to  lead  them  away  from 
the  Truth  ? 

The  query  of  the  prophet  Amos  may  still 
be  asked, — "  Can  two  walk  together,  except 
they  he  agreed  ?" 

Before  closing  this  article,  we  desire  afresh 
to  encourage  all  those  who  mourn  over 
the  state  of  things  in  the  church,  not  to  be 
too  much  disheartened  ;  but  to  maintain  their 
faith  in  the  Lord's  overruling  power;  and  to 
patiently  move  forward  in  the  line  of  service 
which  he  may  assign  them  ;  remembering 
the  gracious  promise  of  our  Saviour  to  his 
disciples, — ''Ye  are  they  which  have  con- 
tinued with  me  in  my  temptations.  And  I 
appoint  unto  you  a  kingdom,  as  my  Father 
hath  appointed  unto  me;  that  3'e  may  eat 
and  drink  at  my  table  in  my  kingdom." 

In  the  5th  number  of  the  present  volume  of 
"The  Friend,"  was  printed  a  selected  article 
entitled  "Expressive  Silence,"  and  attributed 
to  "11.  S."  We  are  requested  to  state  "that 
the  piece  was  a  contribution  to  Friends'  In- 
telligencer, by  its  author,  over  the  initial,  'S.'" 

In  the  poetical  article,  "  One  Year  Ago,1'  on 
page  44  of  present  volume,  in  the  9th  stanza, 
3rd  line,  for  "enter"  read  "centre." 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Senator  Vest  and  Delegate  Magin- 
nis  have  arrived  at  Fort  Benton,  from  the  Blackfeet 
Agency,  after  holding  a  satisfactory  council  with  the 
Piegans.  The  latter  agreed  to  cede  to  the  Government 
a  large  tract  of  fine  land  on  the  eastern  side  of  their  res- 
ervation, the  chiefs  asking  that  the  Government  give 
them  cattle  and  farming  implements,  as  they  have  been 
in  a  starving  condition  since  the  buffalo  disappeared. 

The  new  comet  seen  by  Professor  Brooks,  at  Phelps, 
New  York,  is  now  demonstrated  to  be  the  long  ex- 
pected comet  of  1812.  It  is  visible  in  good  telescopes 
of  moderate  aperture  near  Eta  Draconis,  and  will  he 
visible  to  the  naked  eye  before  the  end  of  the  year. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Florida  Ship 
Canal,  held  in  New  York  on  the  17th  instant,  the  Di- 
rectors were  authorized  to  contract  for  the  construction 
of  the  canal,  the  work  to  be  begun  at  the  earliest  possi- 
ble day.  The  canal  will  run  across  the  peninsula  at  its 
narrowest  part,  and  will  have  its  eastern  terminus  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  mouth  of  St.  John's  River.  It  will 
be  136  miles  long,  230  feet  wide  and  30  feet  deep. 

A  telegram  from  Long  Island  City  says,  that  the 
"oysters  in  the  beds  along  the  Sound  shore  of  Long 
Island  Sound  are  fine  in  quality  and  large  in  quantity. 
On  the  Atlantic  shore  they  are  a  failure,  being  neither 
plentiful  nor  good.  The  once  famous  Princes  Bay  oys- 
ters have  this  year  been  attacked  by  a  disease  which 
has  periodically  affected  them." 

It  is  represented  that  New  Mexico  contains  S,000,000 
acres  of  land  adapted  to  fruit  and  cereal  culture. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  has  issued  a  call  for 
fifteen  millions  of  three  per  cents. 

The  State  Auditor  of  Ohio  reports  the  collections 
under  the  Scott  Liquor-tax  law  to  be  nearly  §2,000,000, 
the  amount  being  distributed  in  the  localities  where 
collected,  to  the  police,  the  poor,  and  the  general  rev- 
enue and  township  funds. 


(.1 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  deaths  in  this  oily  last  week  numbered  347,  which 
was  14  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  3  less 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year.  Of  the  fore- 
going 171  were  males  and  176  females:  63  died  of 
consumption;  24  of  marasmus  ;  18  of  diphtheria  ;  19  of 
typhoid  fever;  17  of  convulsions;  12  of  pneumonia  and 
10  of  old  age. 

Mar/eels,  Ac— U.  S.  4J'g,  113|;  4's,  registered,  119f; 
coupon,  120J ;  3's,  102:|;  currency  6's,  130  a  134$. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10}  a  11  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8]  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9}  a  9|  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  is  steady  but  quiet.  Sales  of  2000  barrels,  in- 
cluding Minnesota  extras  at  $5.75  a  f  6.25  ;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.50  a  §6,  and 
patents  at  S6.25  a  $7.50.  Kye  flour  is  steady  at  §3.50 
a  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  is  fairly  active  and  a  fraction  higl 
Sales  of  4000  bushels,  in  lots,  at  $1.04$  a  $1.16.    Ry 


The  France  says  that  Prime  Minister  Ferry  has  for- 
warded a  request  of  English  mediation  in  case  the  pend- 
ing negotiations  upon  the  Tonquin  question  between 
France  and  China  fail  to  arrive  at  a  satisfactory  con- 
clusion. Earl  Granville,  the  English  Foreign  Minis- 
ter, is  inclined  to  accede  to  the  request.  General  Bouet 
has  embarked  for  France. 

The  London  Daily  Telegraph's  correspondent  at  Paris 
states  that  China  has  proposed  to  accept  a  French  pro- 
tectorate in  Annam  on  the  condition  that  the  French 
evacuate  Tonquin. 

The  London  Times,  in  a  leading  editorial  article, 
says:  "We  are  convinced  that  France  cannot  obtain 
Tonquin  without  a  war  with  China.  But  she  may  have 
Annam,  with  full  right  to  make  commercial  settlements 
in  Tonquin,  without  any  further  trouble.  Until  France 
fairly  grasps  this,  we  hardly  see  that  any  opportunity 
exists  for  the  friendly  services  of  a  third  party." 

The  Paris  Diplomatic  Gazette's  London  correspondent 

.  says:  The  Austro-German  alliance  is  directed  against 

Russia  and   France.     In  the  event  of  a  war  between 


Smith  Sound  that  body  of  water  was  incumbered  wit  | 
ice." 


RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  Owen  Y.  Webster,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  I 
from  Andrew  Roberts,  Mo.,  $2.10,  vol.  57;  from  Julii 
anna  N.  Powell,  N.  J.,  $2.  vol.  57;  from  Josiah  "W! 
Cloud,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Charles  Wood,  N.  Y.| 
per  John  C.  Maule,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Mary  E.  Allen1 
M.  D.,  N.  Y.,  per  Samuel  Allen,  §2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jame ' 
Forsythe,  Pa.,  and  Joshua  L.  Harmerand  Amos  Ashard' 
N.  J.,  per  Joseph  Walton,  S2  each,  vol.  57  ;  from  Lydii 
S.  Griffon,  N.  Y.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Richard  B.  Bailey! 

jPa.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Lewis  Embree,  $2,  vol.  57  i 
from  James  E.  Meloney,  Pa.,  per  James  K.  Cooper,  $2' 
vol.  57  ;  from  Jonathan  E.  Rhoads,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57  ' 

:  from  Mary  W.  Bacon,  N.  J.,  82,  vol.  57  ;  from  Benjj 


nominal.    Corn  is  in  fair  demand  and  prices  are  steady.  Germany  and  France,  Austria   is   to  retain  an  armed 
Sales  of  12,000  bushels  in  lots,  at  57  a  62  cts.     Oats  are  |  neutrality.     In  the  event  of  a  war  between  Austria  and 


good  demand  and 
lots,  at  33  a  37  cti 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  week  ending  9th  mo 
22nd,  1883— Loads  of  hay,  328  ;  loads  of  straw,  42 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  8( 
a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  70  a  SO  cts.  per  100  pounds. 


of  10,500  bushels,  in  Russia,  Germany  is  to  do  likewise.  If  a  third  Power 
attack  Germany  or  Austria  the  armed  neutrality  will 
be  converted  into  active  co-operation. 

The  estimated  expense  of  the  Russian  army  for  1S84 
are  seven  million  roubles  in  excess  of  those  for  18S3. 

A  despatch  from  Vienna  to  the  Times  says  the  crisis 
in  Bulgaria  has  been  overcome  for  the  present,  a 


Beef  cattle  were  a  fraction  higher  last  week:  4500  promise-  having  been  effected  whereby  the  Russian 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a  6$ !  Minister  continues  in  office,  but  refrains  from  interfer- 
cts.  per  lb  ,  as  to  condition.  I  ence  with  the  internal  politics  of  the  country.     He  will 

Sheep  were  dull  and  rather  lower:  10,000  head  ar- ]  retire  as  soon  as  the  new  institutions  come  into  force, 
rived  and  sold  at  the  different  yard  at  2|  a  54,  cts.,  and  :  Prince  Alexander's  position  is  declared  to  be  unim- 
lambs  at  4  a  7  cts.  per  lb.,  according  to  quality.  peachable. 

Hogs  were  lower :  5100  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  A  despatch  to  a  local  news  agency  from  Belgrade 
different  yards  at  7  a  7  j  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality.  says  the  Servian  Ministry  has  resigned,  and  that  Kin" 

Foreign.— The  London  Times  in  an  editorial  article  Milan  will  return  forthwith, 
says  it  expects  a  great  struggle  between  capital  and  |  A  Vienna  despatch  to  the  Daily  News  says :  The  re- 
labor  in  the  Lancashire  cotton  trade,  as  the  operatives  suit  of  the  elections  in  Servia  is  a  complete  triumph  for 
will  resist  the  proposed  reduction  of  wages,  which  the  [  the  Russophiles.  The  Minister  of  War  has  resigned, 
cotton  masters  consider  the  present  condition  of  the' and  all  the  other  Ministers  will  follow  his  example! 
trade  renders  necessary.     _  _  I  The  situation  is  precarious  for  King  Milan. 

At  the  session  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Ad-  Ten  deaths  from  yellow  fever  were  reported  in  Guay- 
vancement  of  Science,  at  Southport,  on  the  20th  inst.,1  mas,  Mexico,  during  the  twenty-four  hours  ending 
the  condition  of  the  English  cotton  trade  was  discussed,  [Fifth-day  evening  the  ]  3th.  It  is  reported  that  600 
the  general  opinion  being  that  England  has  nothing  to :  persons  are  sick  of  the  fever  in  that  town,  and  that  a 
fear  from  foreign  rompeiilion.  In  an  address  to  the  number  of  fugitives  have  died  in  the  interior  of  the 
Association,  Sir  William  Wheelhouse  assigned  the  com-' disease. 

mercial  depression  of  the  country  to  the  operation  of  |  The  formal  opening  of  the  Central  and  South  Ameri- 
the  free-trade  laws,  and  advocated  a  return  to  the  pro-  can  Telegraph  Company's  lines  to  Brazil  took  place  on 
tective  tariff.  _  the  21st,  according  to  announcement.     There  is  now 

The  rocket  factories  at  the  Arsenal  at  Woolwich  ex-  direct  telegraphic  communication  between  the  United 
ploded  on  the  24th  inst.  The  explosion  was  caused  by  |  States  and  Brazil,  via  Galveston  and  Valparaiso.  The 
a  fire  in  the  main  building,  which  included  the  labora-  cable  connecting  Europe  with  Brazil  is  broken  between 
tory.  The  building  was  destroyed  within  half  an  hour  the  island  of  St.  Vincent  and  Pernambuco. 
after  the  fire  broke  out.  It  contained  an  immense  num-  Advices  from  Prof.  Nordenskjold's  expedition  to 
ber  of  war  rockets,  which  were  filled  with  destructive,  Greenland  have  been  received  at  Copenhagen,  via 
missiles.  The  latter  dew  in  all  directions,  many  being]  Thurso,  Scotland.  They  state  that  the  expedition 
projected   to   and  falling   upon   the  other  side  of  the  |  started  from  Autleiksiviek  on  the  4th  of  9th  month,  and 


Thames.  The  fire  was  extinguished  at  noon,  when  the 
rockets  ceased  their  explosions.  Old  soldiers  here  de- 
clare that  the  explosions  of  rockets  during  the  fire  were 
as  frightful  as  if  occurring  in  an  actual  siege.  Two 
persons  were  killed.  Some  of  the  war  rockets  were 
projected  a  distance  of  five  miles.  One  of  them  went 
through  the  wall  of  the  arsenal,  and  another  struck  the 
artillery  barracks.     The  loss  is  estimated  at  £2000. 

The  Standard's  Cairo  despatch  says  the  Government 
is  vigorously  repressing  the  slave  trade.  The  police 
have  captured  250  slaves  at  Assioot,  and  have  arrested 
the  chief  slaver  at  Cairo. 

Dr.Thiullet,  a  member  of  the  Pasteur  Scientific  Mis- 
sion, died  in  Alexandria,  Egypt,  on  the  18th,  of  cholera. 

The  newspaper  press  of  Melbourne  generally  express 
dissatisfaction  with  Lord  Derby's  despatch  condemning 
the  projected  annexation  of  the  South  Pacific  Islands  to 
Australia,  and  they  assert  that,  owing  to  this  policy  on 
the  part  of  the  Home  Government,  it  is  feared  the 
colonies  will  be  Hooded  with  French  convicts.  In  the 
Victoria  Parliament,  —  Service  declared  that  Lord 
Derby  had  failed  to  appreciate  the  danger,  and  that  the 
colonies  themselves  must  devise  means  for  its  preven- 
tion. A  conference  of  representatives  of  the  various 
colonies  will  be  held  in  Sydney,  in  11th  mo.,  in  which 
the  matter  will  be  discussed. 

The  Netherlands  Trading  Company  has  remitted 
137,000  florins  to  Balavia  to  aid  the  sufferers  by  the 
catastrophe  at  Java.  The  British  Minister  at  the  Hague 
hasinformed  the  Dutch  Minister  of  Foregn  Affairs  that 
the  Government  of  the  Straits  Settlement  had,  by  the 
authority  of  England,  advanced  $25,000  for  the  same 
object. 


readied  a  distance  of  300  kilometres  inland,  attaining 
a  height  of  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  This 
is  the  titst  lime  that  human  beings  have  penetrated  so 
far  into  Greenland.  The  whole  region  is  an  ice  desert, 
proving  that  there  is  no  open  water  inland.  Very 
valuable  scientific  data  have  been  obtained. 

Along  the  northwest  coast  a  cold  stream  Hows,  which 
induces  a  very  low  temperature,  but  on  the  eastern  shore 
the  weather  is  not  so  severe,  and  that  coast  is  accessible 
to  steamers  in  autumn.  The  expedition  will  return  via 
Reikiavik. 

Prof.  Nordenskjold  telegraphs  the  following  from 
Scrabster  to  the  Associated  Press  agent  in  London: 

"  During  my  excursion  on  the  inland  ice,  Dr.  Na- 
thorst,  with  the  steamer  Sofia,  in  charge  of  Captain 
Nilsson,  anchored  on  July  27  in  a  bay  near  Cape  York, 
76  deg.  5  min.  north.  The  doctor  was  accompanied 
from  Godhaven  by  an  Esquimaux  interpreter  named 
Hans  Christian,  who  had  met  at  Godhaven  a  party  of 
fifteen  Esquimaux  from  Wolstenholm.  They  slated 
that  they  had  been  informed  by  other  natives  that  the 
commander  of  the  American  expedition,  whose  name 
they  pronounced  '  Kasleyh,'  and  another  member  of  the 
party,  which  had  arrived  at  a  point  north  of  Smith 
Sound,  were  dead,  and  that  the  rest  of  the  expedition 
had  returned  on  sledges  to  Littleton  Island.  Unfortu- 
nately this  information  was  not  given  to  Dr.  Nathorat 
until  he  returned  to  Godhaven.  I  myself  examined 
Christian,  and  his  account  seems  to  lie  reliable.  Before 
starling  northward  the  Sofia  met,  on  July  16,  at  God- 
haven, the  whaler  Proteus,  which  intended  to  proceed 
to  Littleton  Island,  and,  if  necessary  and  unimpeded 
by  ice,  to  Lady  Franklin  Pay.     When  the  Sofia  visited 


House,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Sarah  T.  House.; 
Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Charles  W.  Warrington,  City,  $2:i 
vol.  57  ;  from  George  McNichols,  Agent,  lo.,  for  Elii 
Scott  and  George  Standing,  S2  each,  vol.  57  ;  for  Lewis! 
J.  Heald,  lo.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Rebecca  Askew,  lo., 
per  Samuel  W.  Stanley,  Agent,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from] 
Thomas  Emmons,  Agent,  lo.,  for  Jason  A.  HibbsJ 
George  W.  Mott,  John  Lipsey,  Edward  G.  Vail,  Joshua 
P.  Smith,  and  Benjamin  Bates,  $2  each,  vol.57;  for 
Eleazer  Bales,  Albert  Maxwell,  Dillon  Haworth,  R.  B. 
Pickett,  and  James  Kersey,  Jr.,  Ind.,  $2  each,  vol.  57  ; 
from  Thomas  E.  Mott,  lo.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Dr.  William 
II.  Walker,  lo.,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Isaac  Walker,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  Guliann  Hoyle,  O.,  $2,  vol.57;  from 
Mary  W.  Bacon,  City,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Anna  D. 
Snowdon,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Jonah  Ogelsby,  City,  $2, 
vol.  57;  from  John  Svkes,  England,  for  Benjamin 
Sykes,  Wis.,  $2.10,  vol.  57;  from  Gulielma  Freeborn, 
R.  I.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Henry  Trimble,  Citv,  $2,  vol. 
57,  and  for  Seth  Warrington,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  57. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Committee  who  have  charge  of  this  institution,! 
meet  in  Philadelphia  on  Sixth-day,  9th  month  28th, 
at  11  A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Admissions  and  the  Committee 
on  Instruction  meet  on  the  same  day,  at  9  i 

The  Visiting  Committee  meet  at  the  school  on  Second- 
day  evening,  9th  mo.  24th.  For  the  accommodation  of 
this  committee,  conveyances  will  be  in  waiting  at  West- 
town  Station  on  the  arrival  of  trains  which  leave  Phil- 
adelphia at  2.47  and  4.55  p.  at. 

Wm.  Evans,  Clerk. 

THE  SOCIETY  FOR  HOME  CULTURE. 
Term  begins  10th  mo.  1st.     Circulars  giving  infor- 
mation as  to  aims  and  methods  of  the  society,  may  be 
had  by  addressing  the  Secretary, 

Watson  W. 
Westtown  P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

THE  CORPORATION  OF  HAVERFORD 

COLLEGE. 

A  Stated  Annual  Meeting  of  "  The  Corporation  of  I 

Haverford    College"   will   be   held   in    the  Committee 

Room  of  Arch  Street  Meeting-house,  Philadelphia,  on 

Third-day,  Tenth  month  9th, "1883,  at  3  o'clock,  p.  M 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  Secretary. 

WANTED, 

Principals  and  assistant  teachers  for  the  Evening 
Schools  lor  Colored  Adults,  to  be  opened  on  the  1st  of 
10th  month.     Apply  to 

Jos.  W.  Lippincott,  460  N.  Seventh  St. 

Thos.  Woolman,  8iS  Marshall  St. 

Jos.  J.  Walton,  924  Chestnut  St. 

Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frank/ord ,  (Tireidythird  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  anil  Superintendent— JoilN  C.  Hai.l,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


DIED,  on  the  11th  day  of  Sth  month,  18S3,  at  Varck, 
Cherokee  Co.,  Kansas,  Wm.  Rissei.  Eiiiierton,  aged 
11  months  and  13  days,  child  of  William  and  Mary 
ICdgerton,  grand-son  'of  Joseph  and  Lydia  Edgerton, 
members  of  Coal  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends, 
Iowa. 

Wl  LL1  AM  II.  riLE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH  MONTH 


NO.    9. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

ubscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  58.) 

To  George  Stacy,*  of  Tottenham,  England. 
"  Philadelphia,  7th  mo.  24th,  1846. 
Dear  friend  G.  S., — My  feelings  were  bo 
jeh  attracted  towards  thee  during  thy 
recent  visit  to  our  city,  that  I  much  wished 
to  have  had  some  conversation  with  thee  in 
relation  to  several  matters  that  are  of  cteep 
terest  I  trust  to  both  of  us  ;  and  felt  some- 
what disappointed  in  not  seeing  thee  at  my 
house;  but  as  that  did  not  seem  practicable, 
I  feel  inclined  to  communicate  a  little  with 
thee  in  this  way,  and  impart  if  it  may  be  so, 
in  brotherly  freedom,  some  thoughts  that 
occur  respecting  the  present  state  and  pro- 
spects of  our  religious  Society.  It  seems  dis- 
couraging to  look  around  and  see  in  some 
places,  where  we  could  most  desire  it,  so  little 
apparent  sense  of  the  cloud  that  is  covering 
us  as  a  religious  community,  and  which  many 
seem  so  insensible  of,  that  they  are  proposing 
large  engagements  in  a  benevolent  way  for 
us, "as  though  we  were  in  a  lively  and  flourish 
ing  condition,  while  the  vital  power,  from 
•whence  springs  a  true  qualification  for  action 
is  so  much  wanting,  that  many  (perhaps  hid 
den  ones  in  great  measure)  are  lamenting  it 
Becret  the  weakness,  which  but  too  plainly  to 
the  rightly  anointed  eye,  surrounds  and  be- 
sets us.  Thou  hast  not  been  so  inattentive  to 
the  signs  of  the  times,  and  to  what  thou  must 
have  seen  and  heard  while  in  America,  as  also 
probably  in  thy  own  country,  as  not  to  dis- 
cover that  a  deep  sense  of  something  wrong 
in  our  camp,  pervades  the  minds  of  many  ex- 
ercised Friends  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 
Thou  canst  not  but  be  sensible  that  a  feeling 
is  abroad,  which  in  its  increase  and  progress, 
must  in  its  very  nature  root  up  the  founda- 
tions of  unity  among  us,  and  lead  in  time  to 
the  same  results  that  some  of  us  have  been 
mournful  witnesses  of  within  a  short  period 
in  this  country,  in  consequence  of  the  intro- 
duction  of  unsound  doctrines  and   unsound 


*  George  Stacy,  at  the  time  this  letter  was  written, 
was  Clerk  of  London  Yearly  Meeting.  He  was  one  of 
the  delegation  deputed  by  it  in  1845,  to  visit,  and  to 
endeavor  to  effect  a  reunion  of  those  who  styled  them- 
selves Anti-Slavery  Friends,  with  Indiana  Yearly  Meet- 
ing. He  married  Mary,  the  widow  of  the  estimable 
John  Barclay;  "A  Selection  from  the  Letters  and 
Papers"  of  whom,  is  deserving  the  careful  perusal  of 
every  member  of  our  Society.  Neither  the  time  of  G. 
Stacy's  death,  nor  his  age,  have  been  ascertained. 


practices  among  us.  I  believe  there  are  many 
on  your  side  of  the  water,  who  secretly  medi- 
tate upon  these  things,  at  times  with  mourn- 
ful apprehensions,  and  would  fain  avert  the 
stroke  which  seems  hanging  over  us.  It  is 
most  obvious  that  this  state  of  things  could 
not  have  been  brought  upon  us  by  any  right 
endeavors  for  the  enlargement  of  Zion's  bor- 
ders, either  in  individuals  or  the  society  at 
rge.  If  there  are  differences  among  us,  thej* 
ust  arise  from  some  being  in  the  pursuit  of 
that  which  is  incompatible  with  true  Chris- 
tian unity.  It  is  the  Lord's  work  to  bring 
into  oneness,  into  that  state  which  our  blessed 
Redeemer  pointed  out  for  his  disciples,  where- 
in, '  They  should  be  one,'  even  as  He  and  his 
Father  were  one.  In  times  past,  those  who 
bore  our  name,  were  distinguished  for  this 
eminent  mark  of  Christian  discipleship,  and 
even  now  with  all  our  weakness  and  dissen- 
sion it  is  not  altogether  removed.  *  *  * 
Now  then,  are  we  fully  sensible  of,  and  are 
we  prepared  and  willing  to  sec  the  extent  of 
the  defection  which  subsists  among  us?  Are 
we  willing  in  ourselves  individually,  and  in 
our  collective  capacity,  to  acknowledge  our 
weakness  and  deficiency  ?  Or  are  we  not 
rather  seeking  to  bolster  ourselves  up  with 
high  pretensions  to  religious  concert:  and  with 
manj*  philanthropic  schemes  and  plans,  rather 
than  submit  in  humility  to  the  acknowledg- 
ment that  of  ourselves  we  know  nothing  and 
have  nothing:  and  thus  experience  a  true  e 
gagement  of  heart,  to  wait  in  patience  and 
resignation,  for  the  fresh  puttings  forth  of  the 
good  Shepherd,  who  gave  his  life  for  the 
sheep,  and  who  in  the  riches  of  his  mercy 
would  yet  make  use  of  us  for  the  promotion 
of  his  blessed  work  in  the  earth. 

I  cannot  well  convey  the  depth  of  that  con- 
cern I  feel  at  times,  that  wo  might  come  back 
to  the  ancient  ground,  not  only  in  our  minis- 
try, but  in  our  private  engagements — both  on 
our  own  account,  and  on  account  of  others. 
Without  me  ye  can  do  nothing,'  is  standing 
doctrine  for  every  individual,  as  well  as  every 
meeting  in  our  religious  Society  ;  and  until 
wo  adopt  it  as  our  daily  ride,  we  shall  find 
ourselves  perplexed  and  deficient,  and  how- 
ever high  our  professions  may  be,  we  shall  be 
seen  in  the  light  of  the  Lord  to  be  among 
those  that  although  they  swear  the  Lord 
liveth,  they  swear  falsely,  because  in  truth 
they  have  no  living  and  lively  sense  of  the 
Truth  they  make  mention  of.  *  *  That 
which  is  held  iu  the  notion  and  not  in  the  sub- 
stance, is  what  now  causes  mourning  to  the 
true  seed  ;  and  as  of  old,  the  dragon  sought  to 
devour  the  man-child,  so  now  this  spirit  is 
seeking  to  devour,  oppress,  and  afflict  the 
Lord's  true-born  children  ;  and  there  is  reason 
to  fear  at  times  lest  the  true  church  may 
again  be  driven  into  the  wilderness,  and  bid- 
den from  outward  view.  Ah,  my  dear  friend, 
is  not  religion  become  too  easy  a  thing  in  the 
present  day.'  Where  is  the  conflict  and  exer- 
cise of  spirit  which  many  had  to  experience. 


before  they  came  to  a  knowledge  of  the  Truth  ? 
Where  is  that  patient  waiting  for  Christ, 
which  has  distinguished  those  who  have  most 
availingly  labored  in  bis  cause?  Has  not 
preaching  the  Gospel,  as  it  is  called,  dwindled 
down  into  a  declaration  of  the  truths  of  tho 
Now  Testament?  Has  not  faith  in  Christ 
almost  become  a  thing  which  a  man  may  take 
up  and  lay  down  at  his  pleasure  ?  A  literal  ac- 
knowledgment of  the  outward  Messiah  being 
accepted,  instead  of  a  receiving  of  Him  in  his 
second  coming  without  sin  unto  salvation. 
Has  not  self-confidence  taken  the  place  of  hu- 
mility, and  self-righteousness  of  the  fear  of  the 
Lord  ?  Do  not  misunderstand  me  as  charging 
my  friend  with  these  things.  I  am  far  other- 
wise minded  with  respect  to  him,  or  I  should 
not  thus  speak.  But  as  one  who  is  set  for  tho 
defence  of  the  Gospel,  and  as  one  of  those  who 
stands  in  the  place  of  a  leader  of  the  people, 
it  is  my  desire,  as  an  humble  laborer  in  the 
same  vocation,  to  call  thy  attention  to  these 
things;  that  if  so  be,  a  warning  voice  may  be 
raised  against  those  innovations,  which  like 
a  strong  in  an  armed,  seem  to  be  invading  our 
beautiful  house. 

Truth  is  truth  though  all  men  forsake  it, 
and  there  has  perhaps  never  been  a  time  in 
which  the  Lord  has  not  preserved  some  faith- 
ful witnesses  for  it;  but  such  is  the  tendency 
of  mankind  to  swerve  from  it,  that  we  see  in 
various  periods,  deep  and  mournful  declen- 
sions were  among  our  highly  professing  So- 
ciety from  its  fundamental  principles. 

Still,  its  doctrines  are  preserved  in  measure, 
and  a  remnant  is  kept  alive  who  deem  these 
doctrines  of  more  value  than  their  natural 
lives;  who  cannot  turn  aside  after  idols,  but 
who  i'eel  that  with  the  apostles  they  can  say, 
To  whom  shall  we  go?  Thou  hast  the  words 
of  eternal  life;  and  we  know  and  are  sure, 
that  thou  art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  the  living 
God.'  These  feel  that  they  must  stand  against 
that  spirit  which  seeks  'to  introduce  liberty 
and  libertinism  among  us.  They  seek  noth- 
ing but  to  maintain  the  ancient  landmarks. 
Tbey  have  nothing  new  to  propose.  They 
hold  up  the  testimony  that  George  Fox  and 
bis  coadjutors  maintained.  They  believe  that 
what  they  held  forth  was  the  Truth  in  its 
largest  acceptation,  and  that  to  join  affinity 
with  the  world  in  its  religion,  or  with  worldly- 
minded  professors,  is  to  let  fall  that  for  which 
our  early  Friends  suffered  deep  reproach  and 
contumely.  Standing  firm  on  this  ground, 
they  are,  by  those  who  want  more  liberty, 
and  who  have  gone  backward  into  an  outside 
profession,  esteemed  stiff  and  illiberal ;  and,  as 
that  which  is  after  the  flesh  always  did  and 
always  will  persecute  that  which  is  after  the 
Spirit,  so  these  are  brought  into  disrepute, 
where  the  contrary  spirit  has  the  rule ;  and 
the  end  of  our  religious  profession  being  lost 
sight  of,  the  spirit  of  party  and  contention 
gains  ground  among  us.  Such  as  have  thus 
gone  from  the  ground  of  true  unity  in  them- 
selves, seeing  the  fruits  that  are  brought  forth, 


6G 


THE    FRIEND. 


and  that  difficulty  and  distress  is  invading 
the  Church,  seek  b}'  every  method  to  fasten 
the  blame  upon  those  who  merely  stand  their 
ground  :  they  seek  to  evade  the  just  condem- 
nation which  belongs  to  that  spirit  which  loves 
the  pre-eminence,  and  which  has  swerved  from 
the  ground  of  true  humility,  and  will  make 
many  specious  pretences  of  love,  and  order, 
and  discipline,  to  sustain  .itself  in  its  unright- 
eous course,  and  to  blind  the  eyes  of  the  sim- 
ple. But  those  whose  eyes  have  been  opened 
to  see  and  their  ears  to  bear,  are  enabled  Id 
discern  them  and  their  spirit;  and  the  Lord 
himself  will  discover  such  to  be  of  the  number 
which  He  does  not  own,  for  none  have  ever 
yet  separated  themselves  from  his  Truth  and 
people,  and  prospered. 

Our  blessed  Lord  foresaw  what  would  hap- 
pen among  his  disciples  when  He  said:  'It  is 
impossible  butthat  offences  will  come,  but  woe 
unto  that  man  by  whom  the  offence  cometh;' 
and  truly  such  will  in  time  find  the  awful  woe 
which  attends  offending  his  little  ones.  It 
may  be  that  in  the  outward  and  visible 
church,  such  may  for  a  time  be  suffered  to 
have  the  ascendency  ;  but  as  it  is  the  Lord's 
design  that  his  cause  shall  not  utterly  fall  to 
the  ground,  so  He  will  give  the  advantage  in 
time,  according  to  his  gracious  promise,  that 
'the  Lamb  and  his  followers  shall  have  the 
victory.'  We  as  a  body  are  the  professors  of 
his  truth,  and  He  will,  I  believe,  availingly 
maintain  his  own  cause  among  us,  and  bow- 
ever  obscured   for  a  time,  will   raise  up  his 


that  the  things  which  remain  may  be  strength- 
ened, and  the  sheep  of  Christ  led  into  the 
pal  lis  of  peace,  and  enabled  again  to  feed  by 
the  still  waters  in  the  green  pastures  of  life." 
I  have  thus  endeavored  to  impart  in  free- 
dom what  has  arisen  towards  thee,  my  dear 
friend,  and  I  can  say  no  more  than  that  I  hope 
it  may  be  received  as  it  is  meant,  in  good  will. 
If  I  know  my  own  heart,  I  have  no  end  to 
gain,  except  that  the  Truth  may  prevail 
Can  we  as  true  members  of  the  church,  desire 
any  thing  else?  I  believe  when  we  find  our- 
selves seeking  to  support  men  or  measures 
without  reference  to  that  all  important  point, 
we  may  well  suspect  that  we  have  swerved 
from  the  true  ground  of  Christian  warfare. 
We  shall  have  need  to  examine  our  own 
hearts,  and  nakedly  inquire  in  the  sight  of 
God,  whether  his  glory  is  our  first  and  only 
aim.  I  conclude  this  somewhat  extended 
letter  with  the  salutation  of  love,  and  with 
the  desire,  that  if  thou  hast  freedom  to  write 
reply,  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  thee, 
whether  thy  sentiments  are  in  accordance 
with  my  own  or  not.  I  have  forborne  to 
touch  upon  the  events  that  have  transpired 
and  are  transpiring  in  Society,  they  are  only 
the  fruits  of  the  disaffection  "which  prevails, 
and  which  must  be  sought  out  and  removed 
before  we  can  again  enjoy  that  rest,  that  com- 
fort of  love,  that  fellowship  of  the  Spirit, 
which  belongs  to  the  Church  and  people  of 
Christ.  It  will  be  in  vain  to  remove  the  mere 
circumstances  by  which  this  spirit  of  conte 


Altair  between  two  small  stars  in  the  Eagl'i 
Northeast  of  Vega,  fully  half  as  far  as  Altai!) 
we  see  Deneb,  or  Alpha  Cygni,  the  bri^hteU 
star  in  Cygnus.  This  constellation  contaiilj 
the  great  cross.  A  little  southwest  of  Dene| 
.you  see  a  second  magnitude  star,  and  anothtj 
each  side  of  it  (southeast  and  northwest)  eacl 
about  as  far  as  it  is  from  Deneb.  Then  awa, 
southwest  nearly  between  Altair  and  Vegil 
is  a  small  star,  Beta  Cygni,  ranging  with  tb: 
middle  star  and  Deneb.  These  three  fori' 
the  longer  post  or  bar  of  the  cross;  and  th| 
shorter  one  will  be  readily  made  out  in  th'| 
three  second  magnitude  stars  across  this  lin 
near  Deneb.  Beta  Cygni  is  a  fine  doubll 
star,  easy  to  see  with  a  spyglass  of  two  inehej 
in  diameter.  East  of  Cygnus,  bearing  south, 
erly,  are  four  stars  in  the  form  of  a  largi 
square,  called  the  Square  of  Pegasus.  Bu 
the  star  in  the  northeast  corner  is  in  the  cod] 
stellation  of  Andromeda,  which  may  be 
by  two  other  bright  stars  in  that  direction 
The  star  in  southeast,  near  the  horizon, 
Fomalhaut,  in  the  Southern  Fish.  Let 
now  look  over  to  the  north-western  sky  anc 
view  the  Great  Dipper,  with  its  four  brighl 
stars  forming  the  cup,  and  three  extending 
westward  making  the  handle.  Now  take  the 
two  right-hand  stars  of  the  cup  and  range 
from  them  upward  to  the  right  to  a  point 
about  five  or  six  times  as  far  from  them  as 
they  are  apart,  and  there  we  find  the  North 
Star — not  exactly  in  the  north  polo,  but  1° 
19'  from  it,     The  daily  rotation  of  the  earth 


poor  little  ones,  and  make  it  manifest  that  He  tion  shows  itse'lf,  if  wo  do   not  remove  the  gives  this  star  an  apparent  revolution  around 

(  oes    own    t  hem     w   ,,1,.    oiiz-.K    ....    C.,.,.-..,  l-~    TX:.„    -.„        mi ~     j.     i.  ,  .    .  ..  .  L  *- 


does  own  them,  while  such  as  forsake  Him 
He  will  east  off  forever. 

If  I  could  reach  the  ears  of  some  in   your  mercy  may  be  pleased  to  look  do 
land  who  stand  in  the  foremost  rank,  I  would  [and  pity  us,  and  enable  us  yet  to  stand  as  a 
say  to  them,  O  look  into  these  things  before 'people  for  his  name. 

is  too  late.     Be  willing  to  believe  that  the  |     With  feelings  of  sincere  affection  and  esteem, 


There  must  be  repentance  and  hu-  the  pole  every  day.     And  all  the  stars  with- 
on  of  soul,   that   so    the  Lord   in    his  in  40°  of  the  pole  seem  to  revolve  similarly 

.„„—    1,„    „1 J    x_    l„l_    .1 _________        ■  •      _i   .   .  n  '        .  ,  .  .  ■" 


enemy  is  at  work  amongst  us,  and  that  those 
who  are  standing  for  the  ancient  ways,  and 
are  honestly  endeavoring  to  be  true  to  their 
Master,  are  not  in  a  contentious  spirit;  but 
arc  only  in  the  condition  that  the  apostles 
were,  when  they  declared  that  they  could  not 
but  speak  the  things  they  had  seen  and  heard. 
Such  as  are  in  the  spirit  the  high  profes- 
sors were,  in  the  apostles'  day,  will  persecute 
such  as  these;  and  the  multitude  who  love 
not  the  truth,  will  perhaps  join  with  them. 
But  the  foundation  standeth  sure,  and  how- 
ever they  may  be  decried  by  man,  the  Lord 
knoweth  them  that  are  his,  and  will  own 
them  with  sweet  peace  in  their  bosoms,  let 
their  outward  condition  be  what  it  may.  I 
feel  while  I  write  ( I  trust)  a  degree  of  that 
charity  which  desires  to  bear  all  things,  and 
>pe  all  things.  I  can  truly  say  I  have  no 
•e  but  that  all  may  witness  salvation  by 
the  Lord  .lesus  Christ;  but  as  being  engaged 
for  the  Betting  forth  of  his  pure  Truth,  I  can- 
not conscientiously  hold  my  peace,  when  our 
holy  profession  is  made  use  of  as  a  cloak  to 
cover  an  attempt  to  draw  away  from  Him, 
and  beguile  the  unwary.  The  salvation  of 
souls  is  a  weighty  and  an  awful  work  ;  and  it 
would  be  a  sad  thing  that  we  who  profess  to 
have  received  the  oracles  of  God,  should  prove 
to  be  blind  leaders  of  the  blind,  till  both  fall 
into  the  ditch.  Be  assured,  my  dear  friend, 
that  a  large  part  of  our  religious  Society  is  in 
danger  of  being  turned  aside,  may  1  not  say 
is  already  turned  aside;  and  it  behoves  thos'e 
who  are  favored  to  see  the  snare,  to  raise  a 
warning  voice,  that  such  as  are  weak, though 
alive,  may  not  bo  turned  out  of  the  way,  but  I 


I  am  thy  friend 


Wji.  Scattergood.' 


Stars  and  Planets. 


ie  stars  p 


•harming  interest 


desi 


Cassiopeia  is  the  name  of  the  pretty  coi 
emplation  of  the  wonderful  stellation  nearly  as  far  east  of  the  North  Sts 
,'e  wisdom  of  God,  and  the  as  the  dipper  is  west,     Below  it  is  Pcrsei: 


not  to  be  found  any  where  else.     In  viewing 
the  blue  vault  of  the  heavens  wo  have  a  fine 
theme  for  the  con 
power  and  creativ 

magnitude  of  his  creation.  The  star-like 
•planets  are  millions  of  miles  away  ;  but  the 
"  fixed  stars"  are  many  thousand  times  farther, 
and  infinite  in  number. 

The  planets— members  of  our  solar  system 
— all  have  names,  and  so  have  many  of  the 
stars;  and  my  chief  object  in  this  eomniuni- 


n  circles  of  greater  or  less  size,  and  never  set 
to  us  in  40°  of  north  latitude.  Those  a  little 
farther  set  some  west  of  the  north  point  of 
the  horizon,  and  rise  as  much  east  of  it.  The 
fine  star  Capella  is  one  of  these,  and  may  be 
seen  a  few  degrees  east  of  north  soon  after 
dark.  Alpa  Lyrae  is  a  few  degrees  farther 
from  the  pole,  and  remains  longer  below  the 
horizon.  Thus  the  farther  south  the  less  time 
are  they  above  our  horizon  ;  and  those  w'ithin 
40°  of  the  south  pole  of  the  heavens  never  rise 
here. 


sun's  app 

earth's  at 


th 


point  out  where  and  how  a  few  of 
ie  recognized.    Those  who  observe 

ith    attention   soon    perceive  that 

to  move  westward  all  the  time 
ent  movement    is   caused    by  the 

lit  motion  eastward,  caused  by  the 
al  revolution  round  the  sun.     This 

stars  rise  and  set  lour  minutes 
y  day.  Hence  the  same  stars  oc- 
uno  part  of  the  sky  at  the  same 


Then,  about  the  first  of  Tenth  month,  look- 
ng  up  some  west  of  the  zenith  near  the  close 
)f  twilight,  wo  see  the  bright  star  Vega,  or 
Vlpha  Lyrae.  Away  toward  the  western  hori- 
;on  another  first  magnitude  star,  Arcturus,  is 
fairly  in  view.  It  is  in  the  constellation 
Bootes,  southeast  of  Alpha  Lyrae  about  30  de- 
grees; and  some  east  of  the  meridian,  we  find 


pper 

with  its  bright  star  Algcnib — often  called 
Alpha  Persei.  Above  is  Cepheus,  not  so 
prominent.  Then  westward  above  the  pole 
is  Draco,  spreading  over  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  northern  heavens.  The  Little 
Dipper  is  just  to  the  left  and  somewhat  above 
the  pole;  two  bright  stars  forming  the  loft 
side  of  the  cup,  and  the  North  Star  the  oast 
end  of  the  handle.  A  minute  companion  to 
the  North  Star  makes  it  an  object  of  much 
interest.  A  telescope  four  inches  in  diameter 
shows  it  readily.  Such  a  glass  will  show  this 
star  in  daytime;  and  I  have  lately  interested 
myself  in  watching  it  through  the  day  as  it 
made  its  little  round  about  the  pole.  I  have 
also  found  much  entertainment  in  looking  up 
Capella,  Procyon,  A  Idebaran,  &c,  at  different 
times  through  the  day,  with  an  equatorial 
telescope  4.6  inches  aperture  and  G  feet  long. 
Most  of  the  planets  are  now  ••morning 
stars."  Venus  and  Mercury  may  be  called 
evening  Stars;  but  they  are  too  near  the  sun 
to  be  visible.  Jupiter  leads  in  brightness  and 
igh  up  in  the  morning  sky  ;  southing  near 
8  o'clock  a.  .m.,  20°  south  of  the  zenith.'  This 
planet  with  its  belts  and  four  moons  is  a  gland 


THE    FRIEND. 


67 


object  when  viewed  through  a  good-sized 
telescope.  Saturn  is  a  morning  star  (as  to 
meridian  passage)  though  it  rises  soon  after 
9  in  the  evening.  It  is  about  4°  north  of 
Aldebaran,  and  10°  east  of  the  7-stars.  I  do 
not  know  of  a  prettier  or  more  interesting 
Mght  than  Saturn  with  its  rings  and  belts  and 
noons,  seen  with  a  magnifying  power  of  200. 
Mars  is  8  or  10  degrees  west  of  Jupiter;  but 
t  moves  rapidly  and  will  pass  the  great  planet 
m  the  19th  of  10th  mo.  Uranus  is  very  near 
;be  star  Beta  in  Virgo,  but  too  near  the  sun 
>o  be  seen.  Neptune  is  near  8°  southwest  of 
l&e  7-stars.  It  cannot  be  seen  without  a 
iclescope.  Wm.  Dawson. 

Spiceland,  Ind.,  9th  mo.  24th. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

When  we  assemble  in  the  presence  of  that 

freat  Spiritual  Being  from  whom  all  blessings 

low,  to  worship  Him  in  spirit,  it  is  safer  to 

ook  to  Him,  the  pure  and  living  fountain, 

han  to  be  looking  to  the  streams.   For  though 

,he    stream     may    be    pure    while    it    flows 

hrough  a  pure  channel,  yet   we   have   it   in 

sarthen  vessels.     And  there  is  need  of  great 

•are  lest  the  stream,  as  it  flows  to  the  thirst- 

ng  multitude,  should   be  defiled   with   that 

Kiel)    is  of  the  earth  and   is  earthy.     But, 

vith  this  care,  the  different  streams'  as  they 

low  from  the  living  fountain,  may  become  as 

■broad   river,  "wherein  shall   go  no  galley 

vith  oars,  neither  gallant  ship  pass  thereby  ;" 

nothing  of  the  craft  or  inventions  of  men), 

;  For  the  Lord  is  our  judge,  the  Lord  is  our 

nwgiver,  the  Lord  is  our  king;  He  will  save 

is."      The    fountain    of  life  and  light    is   as 

reely  opened  for  the  few  who  are  gathered  in 

lis  name  as  for  the  many ;  or,  I  might  say,  is  not 

ipened  at  all,  only  to  such  as  are  gathered 

n  his  name  or  power.     And  it  is  often  open- 

d  to  such,  if  they  seek  Him  with  the  whole 

ieart,  whether  the  company  be  large  or  small. 

iuch  as  are  earnestly  seeking  to  come  in  pos- 

ession  of  the  good  things,  which  were  only 

ypified  by  the  shadow,   will,  in  due  time,  if 

hey  faint  not,  witness  the  sun  of  righteous- 
ess,  to  arise  and  cause  the  shadows  to  flee 

way  and  the  true  light  to  shine.     The  more 

m  turn  away  from  the  spirit  in  our  minis- 

ry,    and    turn  to   the  letter,   the   more    the 

■grit  will  turn  away  from  us.     We  shall  be 

sft  to  our  choice,  but  leanness  will  cover  the 

3ul.     And  if  we  are  paid  for  our  ministry, 

lie  more  we  shall  feel  under  obligation  to  be 

lways  ready,  that  we  may  fill  the  cxpecta 

ions  of  those  who  have  employed  us.     So,  it..,., 

■better  to  look  inwardly  to  the  infallible  remembereth  that  we  are  dust.     He  is  wait 

pirit  or  fountain,  than  to  look  outwardly  to'ing  to  be  gracious,  and  to  assist  all  who  come 

ilhble  man,  or  to  the  letter.     Why  will  ye  unto  God   by  Him.     But  we  have  to  do  ou 

part,  and  comply  with  the  terms  of  mercy 
offered  through  Him  by  repentance  and 
amendment  of  life.  Indeed,  the  whole  plan 
of  salvation,  as  contained  in  the  Scriptur 
seems  conditional.  An  if.  on  our  part, 
often  expressed  or  implied  :  "  If  ye  live  after 
the  flesh  ye  shall  die  (spiritually).  But  if 
ye,  through  the  Spirit,  do  mortify  the  deeds 
of  the  body,  ye  shall  live."  "//'any  man 
have  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ  he  is  none  of 
his."  "7/ any  man  be  in  Christ,  he  is  a  new 
creature."  And  Christ  himself  shows  in  the 
following  passage,  his  willingness  to  enter 
the  heart  of  any  man,  saint  or  sinner,  that 
will  hear  his  voice  and  open  the  heart  to 
Him:  "Behold  I  stand  at  the  door  and 
knock  ;  if  any  man  hear  my  voice,  and  open 


the  door,  I  will  come  in  to  him,  and  will  sup 
with  him,  and  be  with  me."  And  now  let 
me  say  in  conclusion,  "7/  yc  know  these 
things,  happy  are  ye  if  ye  do  them."  Ami  if 
thou  doest  well,  shalt  thou  not  be  accepted? 
and  if  thou  doest  not  well,  sin  lietb  at  the 
door."  And  it  will  remain  there,  if  not  taken 
away,  as  a  bar  to  thy  entrance  into  the  heav- 
enly kingdom.  D.  H. 
Dublin,  Ind.,  9th  mo.  3d,  18S3. 

For  "The  Friend." 

The  Volcanic  Destruction  in  Japan. 

The  recent  volcanic  eruptions  and  earth- 
quakes which  have  proved  so  destructive  in 
the  Island  of  Java,  commenced  on  Seventh- 
day  evening,  8th  mo.  25th,  on  the  island  of 
Krakatoa. 

Java  lies  a  few  degrees  south  of  the  equator, 
to  the  south-east  of  Sumatra,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  the  Strait  of  Sunda.  It  is  630 
miles  long,  with  a  width  varying  from  35  to 
120  miles.  It  is  traversed  throughout  its 
whole    length   by  two  chains  of  mountains, 


le,  O  house  of  our  spiritual  Israel!  while  the 
>untain  of  life  is  set  before  you  ?  Why  seek 
le  living  among  the  dead?  When  Christ 
'as  outwardly  among  men,  He  opened  the 
utward  eye  to  see  outward  things.  But 
ow,  while  He  is  spiritually  with  us,  He 
pens  the  spiritual  eye  of  those  who  have 
tith  in  Him,  that  they  may  see  spiritual 
lings.  Otherwise  we  walk  in  darkness,  and 
ften  stumble  and  fall.  How  can  we  perform 
Britual  or  heavenly  duties  with  the  natural 
f  earthly  strength  of  man  ?  We  may  carry 
n  the  form  of  godliness  in  a  manner  that  is 
leasing  to  self,  and  to  those  who  assemble 
ith  us  ;  but  if  it  has  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ 
i  it,  it  is  not  accepted  of  Him.  We  may 
ive  utterance  to   many   sounds   that   may 


please  the  ear,  but  if  they  are  prompted  by 
the  spirit  of  man,  they  amount  to  nothing 
more  than  sounding  brass,  or  a  tinkling  cym- 
bal. The  deep  things  of  Godareonly  brought 
to  light  by  the  spirit  of  God.  And  when 
they  are  brought  to  light  by  his  Spirit,  and 
uttered  in  his  power,  they  bear  the  inscrip- 
tion of  "  Holiness  unto  the  Lord."  So,  if  we 
would  teach  heavenly  things,  we  must  first 
receive  our  supply  of  knowledge  from  the 
heavenly  fountain.  For  no  man  knoweth  the 
deep  things  of  God  only  as  he  is  taught  them 
of  (rod.  And  nothing  can  deserve  the  name 
of  gospel  ministry  but  that  which  flows  im- 
mediately from  the  gospel  fountain.  So,  we 
are  not  sufficient  of  ourselves,  but  our  suf- 
ficiency is  of  God,  who  can  make  us  able  min- 
isters of  the  Now  Testament ;  not  of  the  let- 
ter, but  of  the  Spirit,  for  the  letter  killeth, 
but  the  Spirit  giveth  life." 

The  world;  the  flesh,  and  the  devil,  are  the 
three  great  combined  enemies  with  which  we 
have  to  contend.  And  the  warfare  is  not  ac- 
complished, nor  the  victory  won.  until  these 

are  all  overcome  by  the  assisting  power  oflwbich  in  some  places  unite  and  as  in  separate 
Divine  -race.  So.  we  have  a  strong  general  forming  ramifications  sloping  gently  down  to 
enemy  to  tight  against,  one  that  has  a  great  the  short'.  Both  chains  are  thickly  set  with 
power  over  the  fallen  nature  of  man.  And  volcanoes,  active  and  extinct,  varying  mostly 
one  who  is  ever  watchful  to  entice  us  lo  sin;  from  G000  to  9000  feet  in  height.  \Some  of 
and  to  mislead  us  through  the  deccivableness' them,  rising  nearly  12,000  feet,  are  seen  at 
of  unrighteousness.  Hence,  the  need  of  a'sea  from  a  great  distance,  and  form  landmarks 
power  that  is  still  stronger,  and  over  all  the  for  the  navigator.  The  interests  of  the  island 
power  of  the  enemy, — a  power  that  is  able  to  are  entirely  agricultural  anil  coffee  cotton 
save  to  the  uttermost  ail  that  come  to  God 'sugar  and  spices  are  the  chief  products.  The 
by  Him.  He  came  to  destroy  the  works  of  population  is  about  10,000,000. 
the  devil,  and  to  deliver  all  who  are  held  in]  In  the  summer  of  1879  there  was  consider- 
bondage  by  Him;  and  to  break  every  yoke  so  able  volcanic  activity  in  the  island,  especially 
that  the  sin-bound  soul  might  go  free,  and  en-  in  the  Smeru  and  Gedeh  craters  ;  and  in  1S80, 
joy  the  glorious  liberty  of  the  children  of  several  disastrous  earthquake  shocks  occur- 
God.  Behold  then  both  the  goodness  and  the  red.  and  the  principal  volcanoes  were  again 
severity  of  God.  Goodness  towards  poor  fallen  active;  but  in  neither  ease  were  there  such 
man  who  has  been  drawn  into  sin  by  the  disastrous  results  as  at  present.  By  the  great 
wiles  of  the  enemy.  Yes,  goodness,  if  he. eruption  of  Mount  Galung-gung  in  1822,  no 
turns  to  God  and  the  word  of  his  grace,  and  fewer  than  114  villages  were  laid  waste  and 
continues  in  bis  goodness;  resisting  the  temp-  4000  persons  destroyed.  In  1843  Mount  Gun- 
tations  of  the  evil  one,  and  walking  in  deep  tur  flung  forth  ashes  and  sand  to  the  extent 
humility  under  the  protecting  care  of  Him  of  30.000,000  tons.  In  1867  an  earthquake 
who  is  able  to  keep  him  from  falling:  but,  caused  the  death  of  1000  people,  and  in  1872 
severity  towards  those  who  continue  to  walk  ;  the  eruption  of  Merapi,  one  of  the  most  active 
in  rebellion  against  the  strivings  of  his  spirit.  \  of  the  volcanoes,  proved  fatal  to  thousands  of 
Our  glorified  Redeemer,  who  was  himself' the  inhabitants  of  Kadu. 
touched  with  a  feeling  of  our  infirmities,  is  Of  the  recent  eruption,  the  New  York 
not  only  striving  with  us  in  spirit,  but  is  in- \Seraldea,jB  :  '-Seldom  orneverinthe  history 
viting  us  to  come  to  Him  for  help,  that  He  of  the  world  has  such  a  tale  of  sublime  and 
might  free  us  from  the  thraldom  of  sin,  and  appalling  disaster  been  related  as  that  which 

has  come  to  us  within  the  past  week  from 
Java,  at  the  opposite  side  of  the  globe.  It 
tells  of  an  unparalleled  volcanic  eruption,  of 
mountains  torn  asunder  and  broken  into 
nearly  a  dozen  flaming  parts,  of  a  chain  of 
volcanoes  thrown  up  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda, 
where  islands  had  sunk  in  the  sea,  of  a  whole- 
sale destruction  of  life,  estimated  as  high  as 
75,000,  and  of  a  general  wreck  and  ravage,  of 
property." 

The  disturbances  began  on  the  island  of 
Krakatoa,  which  is  situated  at  the  neck  of  the 
Strait  of  Sunda,  between  Sumatra  and  Java, 
being  fifteen  miles  from  the  latter.  The  deep 
rumblings  were  distinctly  audible  at  Sura- 
kert  a  and  Batavia,  about  forty-five  and  twenty- 
two  miles  off  respectively.  Little  alarm  was 
felt  at  first,  but  within  a  few  hours  showers 
of  stones  began  to  fall.  At  Jogjakerta,  Soura- 
baya  and  Samarang,  all  through  the  night  of 
the  25th,  showers  of  red-hot  rocks  and  ashes 
fell,  making  complete  darkness  in  all  these 
towns.     On  First-day  morning  (the  26th)  the 


redeem  us  from  all  iniquity.  He  was  tempted 
7  fill  the  cxpecta-  like  as  we  are,  and  touched  with  a  feeling  of 
ployed  us.     So,  it  our  infirmities.     He  knoweth  our  frame,  and 


68 


THE    FRIEND. 


disturbances  had  extended  beneath  thowaters 
of  the  strait,  and  they  were  soon  boiling  and 
hissing  violently,  while  great  waves  dashed 
upon  the  Javanese  shores  and  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  seas  went  up  nearly  twenty  de- 
grees. Even  as  far  away  as  Madura,  more 
than  five  hundred  miles  distant,  the  furious 
waves  were  lashed  into  mountains  of  foam  as 
they  came  rolling  in.  The  rumbling  gradu- 
ally became  more  and  more  distinct,  and  by 
noon  of  the  same  clay  the  Maba  Meru,  the 
largest  of  the  volcanoes  of  Java,  was  belching 
forth  flames  at  an  alarming  rate.  This  erup- 
tion soon  spread  to  the  Gunung  (the  crater  of 
which  is  the  largest  in  the  world,  being  nearly 
four  miles  in  diameter),  the  Gunung  Guntur 
and  many  other  minor  mountains,  until  more 
than  a  third  of  the  forty-five  craters  of  Java 
were  either  in  active  eruption  or  seriously 
threatening  it. 

Just  before  dusk  a  great,  luminous  cloud 
formed  over  the  Gunung  Guntur,  and  the 
crater  of  that  volcano  began  to  vomit  up  en- 
ormous streams  of  white,  acid,  sulphurous 
mud  and  smaller  quantities  of  lava.  There 
were  rapidly  succeeding  explosions,  followed 
by  tremendous  showers  of  cinders  and  enor- 
mous fragments  of  rock,  which  were  hurled 
high  into  the  air  and  scattered  in  all  direc- 
tions, to  fall  after  the  force  was  spent  upon 
the  valleys  below,  carrying  death  and  destruc- 
tion witli  them.  With  these  terrible  erup- 
tions came  sympathetic  demonstrations  from 
the  sea.  At  one  time  more  than  fifteen  huge 
waterspouts  were  seen.  Men,  women  and 
children  rushed  in  terror  from  their  tottering 
dwelling  places,  filling  the  air  with  their 
shrieks  of  horror.  Hundreds  were  unable  to 
get  out  before  the  houses  fell,  and  were  buried 
beneath  the  great  masses  of  rocks  and  mud 
which  were  piled  up  where  a  few  hours  before 
all  had  been  peace,  happiness  and  fancied 
security.  About  midnight  the  most  frightful 
scene  of  all  took  plack.  Suddenly  an  enor- 
mous, luminous  cloud,  similar  to  that  which 
was  seen  over  the  Gunung  Guntur,  but  much 
greater  in  extent,  formed  over  the  Kandang 
range  of  mountains,  which  skirt  the  south- 
east coast  of  the  island.  This  cloud  gradually 
increased  in  size  until  it  formed  a  canopy  of 
lurid  red  and  whitish  gray  over  a  wide  ex- 
tent of  territory.  During  this  time  the  erup- 
tions increased,  and  streams  of  lava  poured 
incessantly  down  the  sides  of  the  mountains 
into  the  valleys,  sweeping  everything  before 
them.  About  2  o'clock  on  Second-day  morn- 
ing the  great  cloud  suddenly  broke  into  small 
sections  and  vanished.  At  the  same  time 
frightful  rumblings  were  heard,  and  the  col- 
umns of  fire  and  smoke  over  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  island  ceased  to  ascend,  while 
the  craters  in  the  other  parts  of  Java  seemed 
to  open  their  fiery  throats  still  wider  to  let 
out  the  greatest  quantity  of  lava,  rocks, 
pumice  and  ashes  yet  vomited  forth.  The 
hissing  of  the  sea  became  so  loud  as  to  be  al- 
most deafening.  The  waves  rushed  up  on  the 
shore  to  an  unprecedented  height. 

When  daylight  came  it  was  seen  that  an 
enormous  tract  of  land  had  disappeared,  ex- 
tending from  Point  Capucin  on  the  south  to 
Negery  Passoerang  on  the  north  and  west  to 
Low  Point,  covering  an  extent  of  territory 
about  fifty  miles  square.  This  section  of  the 
island  was  not  so  densely  populated  as  the 
other  portions,  and  the  loss  of  life  was  com- 
paratively small,  although  it  must  have  aggrc- 


of  mountains,  extending  along  the  coast  in  a 
semicircle  for  about  sixty-five  mires,  had  gone 
out  of  sight.  The  waters  of  Welcome  Bay, 
the  Sunda  Straits  and  Pepper  Bay,  on  the 
east,  and  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  south, 
had  rushed  in  and  formed  a  sea  of  turbulent 
waters. 

Second-day  night  the  volcano  of  Papanday- 
ang,  which  is  over  seven  thousand  feet  high, 
was  in  a  very  active  state  of  paroxysmal 
eruption.  It  was  accompanied  by  detona- 
tions said  to  have  been  heard  many  miles 
away  in  Sumatra.  Three  distinct  columns  of 
flame  were  seen  to  rise  from  the  mountain  to 
a  vast  height,  and  its  whole  surface  soon  ap- 
peared as  if  covered  with  fiery  lava  streams 
which  spread  to  great  distances  on  all  sides. 
Stones  fell  for  miles  around,  and  the  black 
fragmentary  mattercarried  into  theaircaused 
total  darkness.  A  whirlwind  accompanied 
this  eruption  by  which  house-roofs,  trees  and 
men  and  horses  were  carried  into  the  air. 

Suddenly  the  scene  was  changed.  The 
mountain  was  split  into  seven  parts  without 
a  moment's  warning,  and  where  Papandayang 
had  stood  alone  there  were  now  seven  distinct 
peaks  looming  up  to  a  great  height.  In  the 
seams  opened  could  be  seen  great  balls  of 
molten  matter.  From  the  fissures  poured 
clouds  of  steam,  and  the  black  ejected  matter 
flowed  in  steady  streams  and  ran  slowly  down 
the  mountain  sides,  forming  beds  two  hun- 
dred or  three  hundred  feet  in  extent. 

One  of  the  most  singular  incidents  was  the 
sudden  rising  on  the  forenoon  of  Third-day  of 
fourteen  new  volcanic  mountains  in  the  Straits 
of  Sunda,  forming  a  complete  chain  in  almost 
a  straight  line  between  Point  St.  Nicholas  on 
the  Java  coast  and  Hoga  Point  on  the  coast 
of  Sumatra,  almost  on  the  tops  of  what  had 
been  the  Merak  and  Middle  Islands,  which 
sank  into  the  sea  the  previous  day.  The 
Gunung  Tengger  has  not  had  an  eruption  be- 
fore since  the  year  1800,  when  an  extent  of 
land  seventeen  miles  long  and  seven  wide 
was  completely  covered  with  the  white  and 
sulphurous  mud  so  peculiar  to  the  eruptions 
of  Java. 

The  peak  of  Gunung  Tengger  is  6000  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  the  monument  of  flame  on 
top  of  this  madea  sceneof  wonderful  grandeur. 
Every  moment  a  huge  boulder  at  a  red  or 
white  heat,  would  be  hurled  from  Tengger's 
crater  with  terrific  force,  and,  after  going 
hundreds  of  feet  in  the  air,  would  fall  back 
with  a  whirr.  Much  of  the  northern  portion 
of  the  island,  which  was  covered  with  tracts 
of  forest,  was  soon  in  one  great  blaze.  The 
red  hot  vomitings  from  the  craters  had  set 
the  trees  on  fire,  and  the  giants  of  the  woods 
fell,  one  after  another,  like  so  many  sheaves 
of  wheat  before  a  gale. 

As  the  eruptions  increased  in  frequency 
and  violence  the  disturbance  of  the  waters 
surrounding  the  coast  became  more  and  more 
violent. 

At  the  entrance  to  Batavia  was  a  large 
group  of  houses  extending  along  the  shore, 
and  occupied  by  Chinamen.  This  portion  of 
the  city  was  entirely  swept  away,  and  of  the 
25,000  Chinese  who  lived  on  the  swampy 
plains,  it  is  hardly  probable  that  more  than 
five  thousand  managed  to  save  their  lives. 
They  stuck  to  their  homes  till  the  waves 
came  and  washed  them  away,  fearing  the  tor- 
rents of  the  flame  and  lava  more  than  the 
torrents  of  water.     Of  the  3500  Europeans 


gated  fully  15,000.   The  entire  Kandang  range  and  Americans  in  Batavia,  HOO  perished 


At  Anger  the  European  and  America) 
quarter  was  first  overwhelmed  by  rocks,  mil 
and  lava  from  the  crater,  and  then  the  wateii 
came  up  and  swallowed  the  ruins,  leavin 
nothing  to  mark  the  site,  and  causing  the  lot; 
of  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of  tw 
hundred  lives  of  the  inhabitants,  and  tliosl 
who  tried  to  find  a  refuge  there.  Bantan! 
once  a  prosperous  native  city,  but  practically 
abandoned  by  Europeans  many  years  ag<] 
was  eutirely  covered  by  water.  The  islanj 
of  Serang,  just  off  the  coast,  was  completely 
inundated,  and  not  a  soul  remains  on  it  to  te| 
the  tale  of  death  and  disaster.  The  town  eg 
Tamerang,  within  twenty-five  miles  of  thj 
city  of  Batavia,  was  swept  away  by  the  lav) 
stream,  and  fully  half  the  population,  mostl  1 
Javanese,  numbering  about  eighteen  hundred 
perished.  Reports  from  many  of  the  village) 
and  hamlets  through  the  island  show  thai 
large  portion  of  their  population  has  gone.  | 


For  "The  Friend." 

Morning  Devotions. 

The  practice  of  setting  apart  a  portion  < 
each  day  for  private  retirement  and  drawin 
near  unto  the  Lord  in  spiritual  communioi 
is  one  that  many  Christians  have  found  pi 
culiarly  helpful  in  keeping  alive  their  desire 
after  holiness  and  Heaven.  When  the  soul  i 
enabled  to  feel  the  solemnity  of  being  in  tb 
presence  of  its  Maker,  it  is  refreshed  an 
strengthened.  This  is  often  experienced  in 
peculiar  degree  in  those  seasons  of  siler 
waiting  on  the  Lord,  in  which  neither  real 
ing,  nor  vocal  utterance,  nor  even  the  forms 
tion  of  intellectual  thoughts,  are  permitted 
to  interrupt  the  approach  to  the  sacred  fool 
stool,  and  the  humble  prostration  of  soul  be 
fore  the  Divine  Majesty. 

A  writer  in  the  Christian  Advocate  recomi 
mends  the  early  morning  as  the  best  portioi 
of  the  day  for  religious  retirement.  Froi 
his  article  the  following  passages  are  taken- 

It  was  a  custom  with  John  Quincy  Adam 
to  read  in  his  Bible  every  morning,  and  froi 
his  journal  we  have  this  remark  :  "  It  seem 
to  me  the  most  suitable  manner  of  beginning 
the  day."  Sir  Matthew  Hale  writes  to  hi 
child  in  these  words  :  ''  Every  morning  reac 
seriously  and  reverently  a  portion  of  th 
H0I3'  Scriptures."  Bishop  Foss,  addressing 
the  candidates  for  full  membership  in  th 
New  York  [Methodist]  Conference  at  its  re 
cent  session,  spoke  with  earnestness  in  th 
same  strain.  Ho  styled  these  early  devotion] 
"the  morning  meal,"  and  dwelt  upon  the  i 
portance  of  giving  the  first  part  of  each  d 
to  undisturbed  communion  with  God. 

The  early  morning  and  the  late  night  f 
nish  the  desired  conditions  for  religious  reti 
ment.      Then   the   door  of  the  secret  pi; 
shuts  easily,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  eitl 
business  or  friendship  will  lift  the  latch.    Thi 
late    night,    however,    finds   the    worshippe 
weary,  and  there  is  more  smoke  than  flai 
in   his  sacrifice;  but  in  tho  early  morning  th] 
lamp   of  devotion   burns   brightly.     Wisdc 
approves   the  practice   of   taking  down    th' 
shutters  on  the  religious  side  of  our  natures 
and  letting  the  soul  try  its  wings  Godwan 
before  tho  shop  doors  on  the  world  side  an 
opened,  and  the  trudging  and  drudgery  be 
gins. 

Early  rising  costs  an  effort;  its  benefits  ar 
gained  at  the  expense  of  self-denial.  This  o 
itself  adds  to  the  value  of  tho  spiritual  com 
[minings  enjoyed  at  that  hour.    Prayers  the] 


THE    FRIEND. 


no 


■e  not  a  mere  custom,  a  cheap  consideration, 
ie  of  the  finishing  strokes  of  the  toilet,  to 
3  catalogued  with  the  combing  of  the  hair 
/the  arrangement  of  the  cravat,  a  hurried 
iterjection,  the  "Amen"  precipitated  by  the 
ngling  of  the  breakfast  bell.  "Morning 
,eals,"  which  fall  under  this  description,  de- 
jlop  that  pattern  of  Christians  whose  fa- 
dliar  monotone  is,  "  My  leanness  !  O,  my 
lateness  !"  He,  however,  who  thinks  enough 
If  his  religion  to  put  himself  out  on  its  ac- 
ount,  who  for  the  sake  of  his  soul  surrenders 
jmewhat  of  his  body's  ease,  will  find  therein 
is  exceeding  great  reward  ;  will  discover  that 
lis  spirit  is  enlivened  by  the  flame  which 
onsumes  the  flesh.  Summerfield,  whoso  ex- 
ited spirituality  was  maintained  by  these 
arly  morning  feasts,  often  quoted  the  remark 
f  Wesley,  "  that  a  man  could  not  make  great 
ttainment  in  the  Divine  life  who  refused  to 
ommence  the  day  with  this  act  of  self-de- 
.ial." 

George  Muller,  the  eminent  Christian  phi- 
aathropist,  after  referring  to  this  as  his  lifc- 
ong  habit,  states  that  he  was  led  to  it  by  the 
sample  of  a  brother  at  whose  house  he  was 
taying,  and  who  remarked;  in  speaking  of 
he  offerings  of  Leviticus,  "that  as  the  re- 
use of  the  animals  was  not  to  be  brought  to 
he  altar,  so  the  best  part  of  our  time  should 
>e  especially  given  to  communion  with  the 
jord."  Such  a  custom  illustrates  the  spirit 
vhich  animated  David  when  he  insisted  upon 
laying  for  the  threshing-floor  of  Araunah, 
m'd  declared,  "Neither  will  I  offer  burnt- 
)fferings  unto  the  Lord  my  God  of  that  which 
loth  cost  me  nothing." 


"  And  many  a  life 
With  bright  hopes  rife, 

Hath  found  in  my  depths  a  grave; — 
Jts  winding  shroud, 
Its  requiem  loud, 

The  deep  and  the  sounding  wave. 

"  Like  the  vague  unrest 

Of  thy  troubled  breast, 
My  heavings  and  groans  ne'er  cease  ; 

But  the  same  'still  voice,' 

That  can  thee  rejoice, 
Can  bring  to  my  waters — '  peace.' 

"  And  mortal,  know, 
Tho'  thy  form  I'd  throw 

Aloft  in  uiv  lightest  spiny, 
Thou  hast  in  thee 
That  which  shall  be, 

When  I  shall  have  passed  away. 

"  The  immortal  soul, 
As  the  ages  roll 

The  eternal  spheres  among, 
Will  atill  live  on, 
When  my  waves  are  gone 

To  the  chaos  from  whence  they  sprung. 

"  Thou  wilt  leave  my  side, 
With  the  ebbing  tide, 

Again  to  thy  inland  home; 
And 'forget  not  there 
That  thou  must  prepare 

For  a  life  that  is  yet  to  come. 

"Obedient  still 

To  my  Maker's  will, 
I  shall  to- mid  foam  on  high; 

Be  it  thine  to  live, 

So  that  He  may  give 
Those  jays  thai  will  never  die." 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Items,  &c. 

Ministry  and  Priesthood.— There  is  no  foun- 
"When    mothers    make    dolls    or   idols  of  dation  in   the  New  Testament    for   exalting 
,heir   children,    we    cannot    wonder  if  their  [ministry    into    a    priesthood  — 
learest    treasures    become    their   chief    tor 


nentor.- 


BY  THE  SEA. 


The  Friend.' 


Solemn  and  slow, 

Dashed  to  and  fro, 
With  a  sound  like  a  funeral  dirge ; 

The  voice  of  the  sea 

Thus  seemed  to  me, 
As  I  stood  by  its  foaming  surge. 

With  a  low  sad  moan 

In  its  undertone, 
That  swelled  to  a  chant  sublime, 

It  flung  on  the  sands 

White  watery  hands, 
Then  died  to  a  murmuring  chime. 

The  full  moon  came 

With  a  silvery  flame, 
That  glimmered  from  crest  to  crest ; 

As  a  smile  of  light 

Makes  a  grave  face  bright, 
So  it  lit  up  the  ocean's  breast. 

But  the  same  wild  cry 

From  the  breakers  nigh, 
Was  borne  on  the  evening  air ; 

Thongh  the  heart  might  thrill 

To  its  beauty,  still, 
The  voice  of  the  sea  was  there. 

From  the  tidal  swell, 

As  it  rose  and  fell, 
Came  ever  these  words  to  me — 

"  I  am  rushing  on, 

With  mv  ceaseless  song, 
Till  the  end  of"the  world  shall  be. 

"There  are  treasures  vast 

In  my  caverns  cast, 
That  shall  come  to  the  light  no  more; 

The  pomp  of  earth, 

In  my  stately  mirth, 
I've  hurled  these  billows  o'er. 


ious,"  and  "lovely,"  and  "charming,"  in 
beautiful  sculpture,  exquisite  painting,  sc- 
phic  music,  and  the  "dim,  religious  light," 
(which  is  so  often  tho  li^ht  of  a  dim  relig- 
on),  that  the  heart  does  not  care  to  see  in  it 
all  a  trap  of  Satan  to  keep  it  from  God  and 
his  truth. 

The  building  of  a  place  for  worship  is  now 
an  opportunity  for  pride  and  vanity  to  display 
themselves.  Debts  are  piled  upon  the  new 
edifices,  and  questionable  means  are  used  to 
liquidate  them.  Spirituality  flies  from  such 
surroundings.  The  church  becomes  a  fash- 
ional  club  with  grand  exhibitions  to  defray 
expenses.  Singers  from  the  opera  are  hired 
to  attract  people,  and  that  which  should  be  a 
house  of  instruction  and  worship  becomes  a 
house  of  entertainment,  where  the  gay  pub- 
lic resort  to  amuse  themselves  and  enjoy  a 
fashionable  society.  The  more  we  have  of 
such  the  worse  for  the  cause  of  Christ." 

Sale  of  Relics. — The  Italian  Government 
has  put  up  to  auction  the  contents  of  several 
convents.  Among  the  articles  were  some 
bones,  said  to  be  those  of  St.  Peter,  St,  Clem- 
ent, and  St.  Anastasius.  The  withdrawal 
prices  of  these  were  fixed  at  i,  2,  and  o  francs 
respectively,  to  the  disgust  of  the  monastic 
n  mates. 

Methodist  Discipline. — In  Monticello,  N.  Y., 
the  Methodist  Church  wanted  a  bell.  It 
could  not  spare  the  money  to  buy  one.  The 
young  people  of  the  church  undertook  to 
raise  money  towards  this  object,  but  in  doing 
so  they  adopted  very  questionable  means. 
They  held  a  series  of  sociables  at  private 
houses,  at  which  the  principal  attraction  was 
dancing.  Dancing,  it  is  well  known,  is  con- 
trary to  Methodist  principles;  but  these 
young  people  evidently  thought  that  with  a 
nominally  pious  motive,  their  breach  of  dis- 
cipline would  be  overlooked.  But  when  the 
sum  collected— about  $50 — was  tendered  to 
the  pastor,  he  refused  to  accept  it,  "  because 
it  was  raised  in  an  ungodly  way."  A  church 
officer  replied  :  "  There  is  no  more  harm  in 
taking  money  raised  at  social  dances  than  there 
is  in  accepting  the  proceeds  of  any  church  fes- 
tival, with  its  grab-bag  and  ring-cake,  and 
other  lotteries."  For  taking  this  position  this 
officer  was  summoned  before  a  tribunal  com- 
posed of  one  member  from  each  Methodist 
church  in  the  vicinity.  He  was  acquitted. 
The  church  authorities  still  refuse  to  touch 
the  money.  The  verdict  to  acquit  only  de- 
cided that  the  oneway  of  raising  money  was 
no  worse  than  the  other.  Hence,  as  dancing 
is  clearly  forbidden  in  the  Methodist  dis- 
cipline, the  inference  is  that  gambling  at 
church  fairs  ought  to  be.— Weekly  Witness. 

Temperance  in  Denmark. — A  vigorous  tem- 
perance   movement    is    making    progress    in 
[ Copenhagen.    A  company  has  been  organized 
|  with  a  capital  of  100,000  crowns,  with  which 
nd  eating  houses, 
otthelwhere    no    intoxicants    will    be    sold.     Good 


caste— the  members  of  which  are  distinguish- 
ed from  their  brethren  by  their  Btyle  of  dress 
and  certain  titles.  According  to  its  plain 
teaching,  all  Christians  are  priests — "But 
ye  are  a  chosen  generation,  a  royal  priest- 
hood."—C,  A'.  Mackintosh. 

Costly  Places  ami  Modes  of  Worship.— How- 
ard Crosby  says,  in  The  Episcopal  Recorder: 
"  It  is  a  common  thing  to  increase  the  mag 
nifieencc  of  ritual  in  order  to  atone  for  a  sin- 
ful life.  The  religious  ceremonies  of  Euro- 
pean courts  astonish  the  eye  with  their  gran- 
deur and  beauty,  while  the  courts  themselves 
indulge  in  every  form  of  vice  and  folly.  A 
round  of  balls,  theatres,  intrigues,  sensual  in 
diligence  and  life-waste  is  counterpoised  by 
brilliant  cathedral  solemnity. 
We   should    beware    of  the    specious   pi 

used  for  expensive  edifices  of  worship  and 
gorgeous  ceremonials  in  the  service  of  God 

If  we  wish  anything  worthy  of  God  it  is  not 

to   be   sought   in   outward   show,  but   in    the 

rio-ht  heart.     The  grandest  cathedral  is 

utterly  unworthy  of  God  as  is  the  meanest!  with  a  capita 

hovel,   and   it    is    only   our  littleness   which  |  to  erect  a 

would  ever  think  otherwise.     That  is  not  th( 

direction  in  which  to  seek  to  be  worthy  of  [food  will  be  served  at  moderate  prices,  ..... 

God.     A  simple  service   has  less  snares  fori  good  supply  of  newspapers  and    periodicals 

the  heart,  and  is  more  apt  to  bring  the  soul  will  be  provided. 

into  direct  contact  with  the  Lord.  The  com- 
plicated and  elegant  service  is  apt  to  rest  our 

thoughts  in  the  beautiful  and  intricate  forms. 

So  the  grand  and   ornate   building  is   very 

likelv  u/substitute  in  the  soul,  aesthetic  rap 


For  "  The  Fri 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

The  Effects  of  Heat  and  Moisture  in  Tropi- 
cal Climates.— Dr.  Haeckel  in  his  Travels  in 
ure'for  religious  faith  and  its  holy  emotion. '  Ceylon  says  "the  effect  of  the  tropical  heat 
It  is  very  bard  to  convince  one  who  is  dc-| combined  with  the  excessive  humidity,  on 
lio-hted  with  these  things  of  their  dangerous  our  European  manufactured  articles  as  well 
character.     There  is  so  much  that  is  "deli-' as  on  the  natural  products  ot  the  island,  is  a 


70 


THE    FRIEND. 


thing  of  which  we  at  homo  [in  Germany] 
can  form  no  idea.  After  the  first  delightful 
days  of  seeing  and  wandering  wore  over,  I  set 
tn  work  to  unpack  my  trunks  and  eases.  In 
every  scientific  instrument  those  portions 
that  wore  made  of  steel  or  iron  were  rusted; 
not  a  screw  would  run  smoothly.  All  the 
books,  all  the  papers,  all  the,  articles  made  of 
leather,  were  damp  and  mildewed;  and  my 
black  dress-eoat  was,  when  I  took  it  out  of 
its  box — white  !  It,  and  all  my  cloth  clothes, 
was  covered  with  layers  of  delicate  forms  of 
fungus,  which  only  disappeared  alter  many 
days'  exposure  to  the  sun.  For  this  reason, 
in  every  European  house  in  Colombo  it  is  the 
special  duty  of  a  servant,  known  as  the 
clothes-boy,  to  air  the  clothes,  beds,  linen, 
papers,  &c,  every  day  in  the  sun,  and  keep 
them  free  from  mould. 

The  lids  of  almost  all  the  wooden  cases  had 
sprung;  the  empty  envelopes  were  all  stuck 
down;  various  boxes  of  powdered  gum-arabic 
contained  a  stiff  glutinous  mass;  while  in  a 
tin  of  peppermint  lozenges  I  found  nothing 
left  but  syrup.  And  yet  the  four  months  I 
spent  in  Ceylon  fell  during  the  dry  season. 
In  the  rainy  season,  my  friends  told  me  that 
they  gave  up  all  idea  of  keeping  anything 
dry,  and  that  the  water  trickled  down  the 
inside  walls." 

The  difficulty  of  preserving  the  skins  of 
birds  and  animals  in  that  moist  climate  was' 
very  great— though  prepared  with  great  care 
and  hung  in  the  sun  every  day  for  weeks, 
they  were  always  wet  through  at  night. 

Indian  Jungle. — Jungle  is  not  the  primeval 
forest,  but  the  dense  brushwood  and  under- 
growth which  springs  up  on  deserted  land, 
and  makes  an  impenetrable  thicket  of  trees 
and  shrubs.  These  grow  up  without  any 
kind  of  order,  and  in  such  wild  confusion — 
so  tangled  with  creepers  and  climbers,  with 
parasitic  ferns,  orchids,  and  other  hangers-on, 


tury  has  reproduced  itself  and  increased  by 
the  process  of  budding  alone.  This  form  has 
conspicuous  air-bladders  by  means  of  which 
it  floats. 

There  are  other  forests  of  the  sea  which  do 
have  the  most  important  practical  connection 
with  human  wants;  some  which  affect  not 
only  individuals,  but  also  influence  national 
prosperity.  Thus  extending  from  the  45th 
degree  of  south  latitude  down  the  Atlantic 
coast,  round  Cape  Horn  and  clear  up  the  Pa- 
cific as  far  as  Alaska,  is  a  plant  known  to 
botanists  as  Macroeystis  pyrifera,  the  largest 
known  plant,  certainly  four  hundred  feet 
long,  and  alleged  to  attain  a  length  of  twelve 
hundred  feet.  This  forms  great  tangled 
masses,  which  Darwin  says  contain  more 
animal  life  than  any  forest  of  the  land,  coral- 
lines, mollusks,  fish,  cuttle-fish,  crabs,  sea-cu- 
cumbers, starfish,  all  feeding  and  livingamong 
its  leaves.  Even  on  the  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  where  the  land  was  barren  to  the 
last  degree,  the  sea  in  which  this  plant  grew 
was  filled  with  animal  life.  If  the  plant  were 
destroyed,  there  would  also  be  destroyed  all 
the  animals  it  protects  and  nourishes,  and  the 
predacious  species  which  feed  upon  them, 
including  the  Fuegian  savages,  the  miserable 
lords  of  this  miserable  land,  who  would  de- 
crease in  numbers,  and  perhaps  cease  to  exist 

It  grows 


miles,  passes  through  the  dry  plateau  of  Eaj. 
ern  Persia  and  Beloochistan,  and  reaches  Ij 
yond  the  Indus,  the  desert  of  Thurr,  makij 
together  a  tract  of  5,500  miles  of  dry  land 

Further  east,  as  in  the  New  World,  loc 
causes  bring,  in  the  same  latitudes,  abundai 
rains. 

A  similar  dry  zone  may  be  traced  in  t!1 
Southern  hemisphere extendingtbrough par 
of  Peru  and  Chili  and  the  plains  of  the  Pai 
pas  in  South  America;  the  Kalahari  desert 
Africa;  and  the  centre  of  Australia. 

The  cause  of  these  diy  zones  may  be  thi 
explained.  Under  the  influence  of  the  pov 
erful  equatorial  sun,  a  broad  ascending  cu 
rent  of  air  is  established  in  the  tropics,  whic 
carries  incessantly  into  the  upper  regions  < 
the  atmosphere  vast  masses  of  air,  whic 
overflow  on  both  sides  towards  the  tempera) 
zones,  causing  an  accumulation  of  air  aboi 
the  30th  degree  of  latitude.  Here  the  air  d 
vides,  flowing  downward  both  ways.  A  po: 
tion  returns  towards  the  equator,  formin 
part  of  the  trade  winds,  and  another  portio 
flows  towards  the  poles.  The  equatorial  po 
tions  meet  with  no  cooler  atmosphere  to  coi 
dense  their  moisture,  and  the  countries  the 
pass  remain  dry  and  parched.  The  pols 
branches  travel  towards  cooler  latitudes,  an 


sh 


the  moisture  thoy  contain  is  condensed, 
has  been  stated,  over  a  vast!  rain  falls, 
ngc,  buoying  rocks  and  mark- 1     These  gen ei-al  causes  are  modified 


wherever  the  water  is  less  operation  by  the  relative  position  of  the  gi 
than  24  fathoms  deep.     It  is  strange  that  its  areas  of  land   and    water,   producing  wi 
stem,  soft  and  pliable  and  but  little  over  an  [which  greatly  affect  the  rainfall  in  many  parti, 
inch  thick,   should  resist  the   action  of  the! of  the  earth. — A.  Guyot  in  Arner.  Journal  oj 
waves  in  places  where  even  solid  rocks  are  Science. 


speedily  eroded.  By  its  mere  mass  also 
converts  the  bays  of  the  Pacific  coast  into  safe 
harbors,  for  it  serves  as  a  natural  and  effec- 
tive breakwater  to  the  heavy  waves  which 
come  in  from  the  ocean.  It  is  hard  to  esti- 
mate  its   importance  in  this  respect  to  the 


Moles. — Many  thousands  of  moles  arc  killed 
annually  in  Great  Britain,  and  we  know  ol 
one  district,  comprising  about  8,000  acres,' 
which  forms  the  beat  of  a  district  mole- 
catcher,  who  kills  on  an  average  about  4,000 
annually.      In   the   course   of  16  years,    he 


every  gap  closed  with  a  compact  network  of  commerce   of  the  region.      The   microscopic  has  caught   more  than    70,000    moles.     Thai 

forests  of  the  sea,  so  small   as  to   be  invisi-j  skins  are  of  most  value  in  the  winter  months, 
bio  to  the  naked  eye,  in  the  long  course  of  when  they  fetch  eighteen  pence  per  dozen  de- 
have  changed  the  shape  of  the  ocean's  livered  in  London.     They  are  used  by 


bush  and  brake — that  it  is  quite  impossible  to 
unravel  the  knot  and  distinguish  the  closely- 
matted  stems. 

Dr.  Haeckel  says,  "The  first  time  I  at- 
tempted to  make  my  way  into  such  a  jungle,  I 
soon  convinced  myself  that  when  once  well 
grown,  it  is  absolutely  impenetrable  without 
axe  and  fire.  I  spent,  a  good  hour  in  work- 
ing through  a  few  yards,  and  then  retreated, 
completely  discouraged  from  -any  further  ef- 
forts; stung  by  mosquitoes,  bitten  by  ants, 
my  clothes  torn,  my  arms  and  legs  bleeding, 
wounded  by  the  thousand  thorns  and  spines 
by  which  jungle  shrubs  bar  the  way  into 
their  mysterious  labyrinth." 

Forests  of  the  Sea.— The  first  of  the  autumn 
series  of  the  Michaux  Botanical  Lectures  de- 


ivered    L 


II. 


illm 


Hall,  Philadelphia,  was  on  the  forests  of  the 
sea.  When  Columbus  was  sailing  westward 
from  Spain  on  the  voyage  which  resulted  in 
the  discovery  of  America,  he  found  his  ves- 
sels in  a  vast  meadow  formed  of  sea-weed. 
which  was  so  thick  as  to  impede  sailing.  This 
meadow  is  what  is  now  known  as  the  Sargasso 
Sea.  This  lies  between  the  twentieth  and 
fortieth  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  west 
of  the  fortieth  degree  of  longitude.  It  occu- 
pies an  area  estimated  at  260,000  square  miles. 
So  far  as  may  lie  learned  it,  has  now  about 
the  same  position  that  it  had  in  the  days  of 
Columbus.  Of  the  plants  which  compose  it. 
one  form  floats  on  the  water,  lias  no  connec- 
tion with  the  bottom,  but  century  alter  ecu- 


bottom,  blocked  up  harbors,  modified  chan 
nels,  and  even  formed  extensive  deposits 
in  what  is  now  the  solid  surface  of  earth. 
The  special  group,  representatives  of  which 
had  accomplished  these  results,  was  that 
known  to  naturalists  as  the  Diatomacew. 
Their  sandy  skeletons  are  often  marked  with 
such  exceeding  delicacy  as  almost  to  defy  the 
best  powers  of  the  best  microscopes. 

Dry  Zones. — The  dry,  parched  lands  form 
two  belts  around  the  globe;  two  dry  Zones 
on  both  sides  of  the  tropics,  containing  most 
of  the  so-called  deserts  of  the  world.  The 
Northern  zone  of  dry  lands  extends  in  width 
from  about  24°  to  32°  N.  Latitude.  In  the 
Now  World  it  begins  at  the  west  with  the 
peninsula  of  Lower  California,  thence  passing 
through  Arizona,  New  Mexico  ami  Western 
Texas.  In  all  these  lands,  extending  nearly 
a  thousand  miles  from  west  to  east  the  an- 
nual fall  of  rain  is  less  than  ten  inches,  and 
goes  down  to  two  or  three  inches,  while  in 
some  years  the  rain  fails  entirely.  Further 
east,  in  the  same  latitudes,  local  causes  give 
abundant   rains  to   the  valley   of  the  Missis- 

In  the  Old  World,  the  dry  zone  occupies 
the  centre  of  the  Great  Sahara,  where  the 
absence  of  rain  is  nearly  complete  on  a  length 
of  about  3,200  miles.  Thence  it  crosses  the 
central    part  of  Arabia  on   a    line   of   1,300 


riers  for  the  lining  of  ladi 
ets. — Chambers'  Journal. 


cloaks  and  jack- 


It  is  no  sign  of  weakness  to  take  counsel  of 
the  matured  judgments  of  Christian  experi- 
ence, and  no  sign  of  manliness  to  disregard 
them. — H.  More. 


THE    FRIEND. 


TENTH  MONTH  6, 


The  British  Friend  for  the  9th  month  con- 
tains several  articles  of  general  interest  to 
those  who  love  the  principles  of  our  Society, 
mourn  over  the  departures  from  them  appa- 
rent in  man}-  places,  and  desire  to  see  them 
maintained  in  their  purity. 

The  Address  issued  by  the  late  Philadel- 
phia Yearly  Meeting,  which  was  commenced 
in  a  previous  number,  is  completed  in  this; 
thus  giving  those  of  its  readers  who  had  not 
before  been  furnished  with  the  document,  an 
opportunity  of  examining  the  clear  statements 
of  doctrinal  truths  embodied  in  it. 

An  article  by  John  Rawlings,  entitled  "Drift- 
ing Away"  points  out  some  of  the  things  in 
winch  Friends  in  Great  Britain  (and  we  fear 
some  of  his  remarks  arc  applicable  to  other 


THE    FRIEND. 


71 


bees)  have  changed  from  their  forefathers 
i  religious  profession.  Especially  worthy  of 
Ite  is  what  be  says  on  the  effects  of  a  minis- 
ty  among-  them  "exercised  on  a  much  lower 
Bound  than  that  which  would  accord  with 
<r  accepted  principles."  The  following  ex- 
cts  are  taken  from  this  article : 
'As  regards  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel, 
I  early  Friends  thought  it  right  to  direct 
's  minds  to  those  views  of  Divine  truth 
hich,  in  their  own  experience,  had  estab- 
Ihed  them  on  the  Divine  Rock,  and  this  was 
•eached  alike  to  the  rich  and  to  the  poor,  to 
e  ignorant  and  also  to  the  highly  intelligent, 
hen  Friends  were  first  gathered,  not  many 
.'.h,  not  many  wise,  accepted  the  call,  but  it 
is  not  beyond  the  understanding  of  the 
triple.  In  these  days  we  mostly  think  that 
ir  views  of  the  Divine  dealing  are  too  high 
r  the  simple  minded;  that  it  almost  needs 
i  education  to  it,  and  therefore  we  must  re- 
ft, if  we  are  to  reach  them,  to  some  methods 
uch  below  our  own  needs;  and  finding  that 
e  appliances  used  by  other  religious  bodies 

0  useful  in  holding  together  those  whom 
ir  home  mission  efforts  collect,  we  unbesi- 
tingly  employ  them  ;  and  the  tendency  of 
e  thoughts  of  many  seems  even  to  verge  on 
e  desire  that  some  might  occasionally  not 

.  excluded  from  our  own  religious  meet- 
gs." 

"Possibly  it  would  be  thought  a  very  un- 
aritable  assertion  to  say  that  perhaps  the 
incipal  cause  of  the  retrogression  of  the 
iciety  is  in  consequence  of  the  ministerial 
brts  of  our  preachers  being  exercised  on  a 
uch  lower  ground  than  that  which  would 
with  our  accepted  principles.  There 
iparent  recognition  of  the  doctrine  that 
linistry  is  not  exercised  in  man's  own 
ill  and  time  and  after  the  manner  which  his 
utellectual  gifts  supply,  but  that  it  is  a 
ivme  gift,  and  that  it  is  only  exercised  as 
gift  is  bestowed  direct  by  the  moving  of 
Holy  Ghost,  and  the  time  and  the  utter- 
lice  of  such  preaching  is  not  under  man's 
ntrol.  That  the  spirit  of  the  prophets  can 
y  the  prophets,  is  fully  in  accordance  with 

1  Church  discipline,  but  there  is  not  need 
further  evidencethan  the  very  frequent  con- 
ssions  of  ministers  themselves,  who  openly 
Imit  that  the  grounds  of  their  entrance  upon 
e  ministry  is  the  command  that  Christ  gave 

his  chosen  apostles  to  go  into  all  the  world 
id  preach  the  Gospel.  If  the  majority  of 
ministers  accept  this  as  a  sufficient  au- 
lority  for  entering  upon  public  ministry, 
id  even  accept  the  acknowledgment  of  the 
tiurch  without  hesitation,  do  they  not  oc- 
ipy  a  false  position,  and  does  it  not  also  dis- 
ay  a  great  want  of  true  discernment  in  the 
lurch   itself  by  placing  them  in  that  posi- 

It  is  not  palatable  to  have  to  make  the 
ien  confession,  that  the  ministry  prevailing 

recent  years  is  lacking  of  that  Divine  unc- 
)n  which  does  accompany  all  true  ministry, 
i  this  respect  there  has  been  a  great  falling 
vay,  and  we  cannot  shut  our  eyes  to  the 
ct  that  the  prevailing  feeling,  both  lay  and 
srieal,  is  fast  drifting  towards  those  modes 
id  methods  adopted  and  practised  by  the 
iristian  communities  around  us.  We  hear 
mething  about  Christian  liberty,  as  though 
ir  members  should  be  permitted  to  follow 
most  any  track  with  which  their  conseien- 
)us  convictions  are  supposed  to  direct  them. 

long  as  it  accords  with  our  settled  princi- 


ples, entire  freedom  is  granted,  but  no  reli- 
gious connection  can  long  exist  in  a  healthy 
condition  on  any  other  basis  than  a  united 
conviction  of  certain  principles  of  truth  both 
in  doctrine  and  practice.  Liberty  must  be 
put  under  certain  restraints,  otherwise  we  are 
led  into  great  confusion.  Certainly  of  late 
years  our  Society  cannot  be  charged  with  ex- 
ercising undue  restraint  upon  the  liberties  of 
our  members.  We  allow  our  members,  with- 
out rebuke,  to  do  a  great  many  things  that  in 
the  past  could  not  be  allowed.  We  are  so 
unlimited  in  our  charity,  and  so  very  anxious 
to  retain  our  members,  that  we  allow  them 
almost  entire  liberty  short  of  immorality. 
Our  members  ma}-  absent  themselves  tor  years 
from  our  meetings  for  worship  and  still  retain 
their  membership,  and  we  hesitate  the  less, 
especially  if  the  Friend  express  the  desire  to 
remain  a  member  on  the  ground  that  they 
greatly  value  their  connection  with  the  So- 
ciety and  still  take  interest  in  its  affairs.  We 
cannot  altogether  wonder  at  this,  because  for 
some  years  we  have  been  in  very  good  esteem 
among  men,  and  we  feel  rather  proud  to  con- 
fess that  we  are  Friends;  indeed,  we  do  not 
despise  the  name  Quaker.  We  find  our  mem- 
bers connect  themselves  largely  with  other 
religious  bodies  and  still  desire  to  retain  their 
membership,  and,  while  not  altogether  liking' 
the  connection,  we  submit  without  protesta- 
tion. We  allow  our  members  to  be  baptized, 
or  take  the  sacrament,  as  it  is  called.  All 
this  liberty  is  telling  most  seriously  upon  the 
vitality  of  the  Church." 

"  We  might  perhaps  have  still  continued 
in  our  present  condition  for  some  unknown 
period  but  for  the  recent  action  of  the  Yearly 
Meeting  in  accepting  the  responsibility  of  our 
mission  work.  While  it  remained  independ- 
ent, the  Society  was  only  in  a  measure  re- 
sponsible for  the  conduct  of  its  meetings  and 
its  other  instrumentalities.  Until  last  Yearly 
Meeting  we  could  scarcely  tell  to  what  extent 
our  members  were  prepared  to  accept  of  this 
partnership,  but  we  had  evidence  sufficient 
then  to  leave,  no  doubt  that,  on  the  part  of 
those  who  held  the  reins,  there  was  a  great 
desire  to  attach  it  to  the  Society." 

"  By  accepting  the  control  and  thereby 
bringing  it  into  closer  connection  with  us,  we 
have  introduced  elements  which  cannot  co- 
alesce with  the  principles  of  our  Society  and 
the  customs  arising  out  of  them.  We  are  in- 
tent upon  using  all  the  strength  of  the  Society 
in  building  up  an  inferior  structure,  and  our 
beautiful  structure  is  left  to  decay;  for  decay 
it  must,  if  the  strength  of  the  body  is  spent 
outside,  and  all  its  own  interests  neglected." 

A  "  Plea  for  Plain  and  Unflattering  Lan- 
guage." by  Josiah  W.  Leeds  of  Philadelphia, 
is  so  valuable  a  contribution  that  we  purpose 
transferring  it  to  our  columns;  and  therefore 
need  not  say  more  in  this  place  concerning  it. 

A.  Congregational  Minister,  J.  Birdseye, 
sends  a  communication  which  evidences  a 
high  appreciation  for  Friends,  as  a  people 
who  have  ever  been  "zealous  of  good  works;" 
and  "truly  rejoices"  in  a  statement  which 
had  been  made,  "that  some  of  their  number 
are  earnestly  endeavoring  to  restore  their 
primitive  mode  of  dress  and  manner,  which 
for  so  many  years  distinguished  them  as  a  com- 
munity." His  testimony,  as  an  outside  wit- 
ness, is  well  worthy  of  attention — "  It  would 
indeed  be  sad  were  this  noble  society  to  de- 
part from  their  original  habits  and  methods 
and  be  lost  in  the  multitude  ;  the  world  needs 


their  denominational  testimony  against  the 
evils  that  yet  remain,  and  in  the  interests  of 
all  that  is  right  and  true.  Returning  to  their 
primitive  mode  of  dress  and  manner,  their 
existence  is  recognized,  and  their  power  felt ; 
but  by  conforming  to  the  world,  their  exis- 
tence would  be  lost  sight  of  and  their  value 
unknown;  for  their  influence  for  good  in  the 
past  has  not  been  exercised  so  beneficially 
upon  society  by  them  as  so  many  units  scat- 
tered amongst  the  human  family,  as  by  their 
united  action  as  a  distinct  body  whose  de- 
nominational convictions  have  inspired  the 
principles  by  which  their  conduct  has  been 
actuated." 

If  we  can  find  space  we  will  gladly  place 
in  our  pages  the  whole  of  this  letter  of  J. 
Birdseye — 

This  letter  is  followed  by  one  from  Archi- 
bald Crosbie,  a  Scotch  Friend  now  living  at 
West  Branch,  Iowa,  giving  some  account  of  a 
separation  which  had  taken  place  there  among 
the  members  of  Springdale  .Monthly  Meeting. 
In  that  meeting  there  had  long  existed  a  di- 
vision in  sentiment  and  feeling.  The  letter 
says  : — "  The  causes  producing  these  results, 
it  must  be  admitted,  are  similar  in  character 
to  those  having  like  developments  in  many 
of  the  meetings  throughout  the  body  at  huge, 
namely,  deviation  from  the  avowed  princi- 
ples of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  a  depar- 
ture from  its  established  practices,  the  out- 
come of  the  principles."  "  Those  concerned 
to  maintain  our  ancient  testimonies  and  sim- 
plo  mode  of  worship,  found  themselves  in  a 
strait  place."  The  result  was  that  a  place  of 
worship  was  hired,  in  which  a  portion  of  the 
meeting  met,  separate  from  the  others,  on  the 
21st  of  1st  mo.  last.  This  meeting  has  beeu 
kept  up  since  as  a  meeting  for  worship,  but 
does  not  appear  as  vet  to  have  been  organ- 
ized as  a  meeting  for  discipline. 

We  must  express  our  regret  to  find  in  the 
pages  of  The  British  Friend  an  appeal  on  be- 
half of  a  Good  Templar  mission.  While  the 
object  therein  held  up  to  view  is  a  worthy  oiie 
— namely,  to  promote  temperance  among  the 
colored  people  of  America — yet  the  attempt 
to  effect  this  through  the  aid  of  a  secret  or- 
ganization, which  we  suppose  is  the.  character 
of  the  Good  Templars,  is  doing  evil  that  good 
may  come  of  it.  It  is  no  surprise  therefore 
to  find  that  their  missionary  in  the  Southern 
States  of  our  country,  who  is  nominally  a 
minister  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  states  that 
he  opens  and  closes  his  temperance  meetings 
with  singing  and  prayer,  which,  be  says, 
"may  seem  a  little  formal !"  No  true  minis- 
ter of  the  Gospel  among  Friends  could  act  as 
an  agent  in  "founding  Templar  lodges.'  or 
those  of  any  other  secret  society  ;  nor  could 
he  perform  formal  acts  of  worship. 


SUiMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  public  debt  statement  issued 
recently  shows  a  reduction  of  $14,707,229. 

The  new  2  cent  postage  stamps  went  into  operation 
for  the  first  time  on  Second-day,  1st  inst.  They  are  of 
a  reddish-brown  color,  and  are  much  plainer  than  the 
old  3  cent  stamps,  which  they  resemble  only  in  con- 
tinuing to  bear  the  vignette  of  Washington.  On  the 
first  day  of  their  use  there  were  sold  at  the  Philadel- 
phia Post-office  five  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  stamps 
—cash  proceeds,  $11,000.  The  average  daily  sale  of 
two-cent  stamps  was  two  hundred  thonsind. 

The  value  of  the  total  exports  of  domestic  hreadstufts 
from  this  country  during  last  month  was  $18,816,129, 
against  828,051,320  during  8th  mo.  1882.  During  the 
eight  months  which  ended  on  8th  me.  31st,  1SS3,  the 


Tl 


THE    FRIEND. 


total  exports  of  domestic  breadstuff's  were  valued  a 
sll  l.'j:;.,i)45,  against  $110,275,898  during  the  corre 
eponding  period  of  1882. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  has  issued  a  circulai 
calling  "  a  convention  of  representative-  of  all  classes 
interested  in  the  animal  industries  of  the  United  States' 
to  meet  in  Chicago  on  the  14th  and  15th  of  11th  month 
"for  conference  concerning  contagious  diseases  among 
our  domestic  animals." 

The  10th  mo.  reports  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  of 
Ohio,  give  the  following  estimates  of  the  crops  in  that 
State:  Wheat,  25,508,380  bushels,  against  45,450,000 
last  year.  Oats,  27,214,01)0  bushels,  against  10,050,000 
last  year.  Corn,  08,000,000  bushels,  against  a  yield 
last  year  of  90,809, OC0.  The  next  crop  report  will 
be  given  until  12th  mo.  1st,  when  the  final  estimates  on 
corn  and  potatoes  will  be  made. 

The  constitutional    amendments  voted   upon  at  the 
recent  election  in  Texas  have  been  adopted.     They  at 
thorize   the  investment  of  the   school   fund   in   sucl 
securities  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Legislature,  and 
provide  for  a  separate  tax  for  school  purposes. 

Reports  from  110  points  in  Texas  indicate  that  the 
top  crop  of  cotton  will,  with  a  few  exceptions,  be  a  total 
failure.  The  worms  are  appearing  in  large  numbers, 
and  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  early  frosts  are 
apprehended.  Although  the  prospect  is  better  than  it 
was  a  month  ago,  the  yield  is  expected  to  fall  much 
below  that  of  last  year. 

A  telegram  from  San  Francisco  reports  an  explosion 
at  the  California  Powder  Works,  at  Steges  Station,  on 
last  Seventh-day  evening,  by  which  40  Chinamen  were 
killed  and  injured  out  of  a  working  force  of  45. 

On  the  morning  of  Sixth-day  of  last  week,  about  nine 
o'clock  there  was  a  heavy  snow  fall  throughout  Minne- 
sota, but  the  storm  lasted  only  live  minutes,  and  the 
snow  melted  as  it  fell.  Snow  fell  also  at  Cheyboygan 
and  St.  Ignace,  Michigan. 

The  number  of  baskets  of  peaches  carried  over  the 
Delaware  Railroad  this  year  will  reach  3,250,000,  and 
of  these  the  canneries  and  evaporating  establishments 
along  the  line  of  the  Delaware  Road  purchased  about 
1,000,000  baskets,  and  paid  for  them  a  higher  price 
than  ever  before.  This  was  owing  to  the  fact  of  the 
extra  quality  and  dryness  of  the  fruit.  Last  year  but 
three  pounds  of  evaporated  fruit  could  be  obtained  from 
a  basket,  but  during  the  present  season  the  average  was 
5J  to  G  pounds.  The  evaporators  were,  therefore,  en- 
abled to  pay  sixty  cents  per  basket,  and  make  a  larger 
profit  than  when  they  paid  only  from  twenty  to  thirty 
cents  in  1882,  and  at  the  same  time  furnish  a  better 
article. 

The  feast  of  Roash-Hashono,  or  the  Jewish  New 
Year,  began  at  sundown  on  the  1st  inst.  (Second-day.) 

During  the  past  summer  2713  persons  were  sent  to 
the  country  for  one  week  or  more  as  the  guests  of  the 
Children's  Country  Week  Association.  The  Associa- 
tion also  sent  out  this  year  over  17,000  excursionists. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  324,  which 
was  23  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  24  less 
than  during  the  same  period  last  year.  Uf  these  104 
were  males  and  100  females:  48  died  of  consumption  ; 
27  of  marasmus;  18  of  convulsions  ;  15  of  diphtheria  ; 
14  of  typhoid  fever,  and  10  of  cholera  infantum. 

Markets,  (fee— D.  S.  4Vs,  113J  a  114J ;  4's,  registered, 
120  a  120f;  coupon,  121  a  121$;  3's,  registered,  101£  a 
102',  ;  currency  0's,  129  a  133. 

Cotton  was  rather  firmer  Sales  of  middlings  are  re- 
ported at  10j  a  11 1  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New 


Hogs  were  in  demand  and  firmly  held:  5500  hear 
arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  7  a  Ih  eta 
per  lb. 

Foreign. — Fifteen  thousand  steel  and  iron  workers 
employed  in  the  town  of  Glamorganshire  and  Mon- 
mouthshire, England,  have  struck  against  a  reduction  of 
10  per  cent,  in  their  wages.  The  employers  urge  that 
in  view  of  English  and  American  competition  they 
must  either  close  the  works  or  reduce  wages. 

The  Irish  National  League  Convention  met  at  Leeds, 
Eng.,  on  the  29th  ultimo,  in  the  Town  Hall.  One  hun- 
dred delegates  were  present.  Although  some  warmth 
was  shown,  there  was  a  remarkable  absence  of  the  ex- 
citing scenes  usual  at  these  gatherings.  The  confer- 
ence was  enthusiastic  throughout.  Parnell's  appear- 
ance was  the  signal  for  an  outburst  of  cheers.  The 
rumor  that  delegates  from  America  would  attend  the 
Convention  proved  to  be  unfounded. 

As  King  Alfonso  of  Spain,  was  entering  Paris  on  a 
visit  to  that  metropolis  on  the  29th  tilt.,  he  was  greeted 
by  immense  crowds  of  the  workingmen  and  lower 
classes  of  the  city,  and  although  President  GreVy,  ac- 
companied by  his  Cabinent  Ministers,  met  the  king  at 
the  railway  station,  the  crowd  hooted  and  hissed  the 
king  upon  his  appearing,  crying,  "Down  with  the 
Uhlan  King!"  The  soldiers  and  police  bad  great 
trouble  to  keep  order.  King  Alfonso  alighted  at  the 
Spanish  Embassy  and  afterwards  visited  President 
Grevy  at  the  Palace  of  the  Elysee.  On  returning  to  the 
Embassy  the  king  was  again  hooted  and  assailed  with 
insulting  cries.  The  hostile  demonstration  is  attributed 
in  official  quarters  to  the  Carlists  and  other  foreigners. 
The  press,  both  of  France  and  Germany,  strongly  de- 
nounce this  manifestation,  and  popular  feeling  is  against 
it.  King  Alfonso  visited  Epinay,  returning  on  the 
1st  inst.  At  the  interview  between  King  Alfonso  and 
President  Grevy  at  the  Spanish  Embassy  the  same  day, 
Grevy  tendered  an  apology  to  the  king  for  the  be- 
haviour of  the  mob,  in  the  name  of  the  French  people, 
who,  he  said,  should  not  he  confounded  with  the  authors 


of  the  hostile  demonstra 


He  begged  the  king  to 


Or 


Flour  continues 
same  as  last  quotet 


Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8}  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
per  gallon  for  home  use. 

t  prices  remain  about  the 
of  2000  barrels,  including 
:■;,-...;  Pennsylvania  family 
1  a  ■-''',  1    patents  at  10.25 


«:«  Ir.ulion  higher.  Sales  rf;>500 
$1.04  a  $1.18,  as  to  quality  and  loca- 
ofl'ering.  Corn  is  in  fair  request  and 
11,000  bushels  in  lots,  at  57i  a  61  cts. 
t  firmer.     Sales  of  12,500  bushels,  in 


.— W 


Marki-I, 


week  ending  9th  mo. 
!1  ;  loads  of  straw,  39. 
k— Prime  timothy,  80 
I)  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 


Beefcattlewerein  fairde 

4500  head  arrived  and  sold 
a  (i-\  cts.  per  lb  ,  as  to  contlil 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand  :  12,000  head  r 
sold  at  the  different  yard  at  2i|  a  5:]  cts  ,  and 
a  7^  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality. 


d  a  fraction  higher: 
lifi'erent  yards  at  4 


ived  and 
mbs  at  4 


give  France  a  fresh  proof  of  sympathy  by  accepting 
invitation  to  a  banquet  at  the  Palace  of  the  Elysee  in 
the  evening,  to  be  attended  by  all  the  Cabinet  Ministers, 

hen  the  true  sentiments  of  France  toward  the  king 

on  Id  be  shown. 

King  Alfonso  replied  that  he  had  come  to  Paris  ani- 
mated by  the  most  friendly  sentiments  towards  France, 
and,  as  a  proof  of  this  friendship,  he  would  accept  the 
invitation.  He  accordingly  went  and  created  such 
favorable  impression  that  President  Grevy,  in  referring 
to  the  occasion,  said  he  never  expected  to  meet  so  much 
1  sense,  dignity  and  coolness  in  so  young  a  sover- 
eign. 

A  despatch  from  Madrid  to  a  local  news  agency  says 
the  citizens  there  are  highly  incensed  over  the  insults 
offered  to  King  Alfonso. 

The  Madrid  correspondent  of  the  Times  says  the  bos 

e  reception  accorded  to  King  Alfonso  in  Paris  has 
considerably  increased  his  prestige  at  home.  His  per 
sonal  courage  and  discretion,  his  dignified  bearing  dur- 
ing his  progress  through  the  streets  of  Paris,  and  his 
visit  to  President  Grevy's  residence  in  the  Elysee  with- 
out an  escort,  are  subjects  of  general  eulogium  and  ad- 
miration by  the  Spaniards.  King  Alfonso  and  suit  re- 
turned to  Spain  on  Second-day,  1st  inst. 

The  French  Legation  at  Hue,  Tonquin,  is  guarded 
by  marines  from  the  fleet.  The  Anamite  Government 
has  sent  out  orders  to  the  military  mandarins  disband- 
ing all  the  Anamite  troops  who  have  given  in  their  ad- 
herence to  the  French  authorities. 

The  Temps  says  the  Marquis  Tseng's  proposals  for  a 
settlement  of  the  existing  difficulties  between  China  and 
France  comprised  the  annexation  of  Anam  as  far  as 
the  Red  river  by  the  French,  China  annexing  the  re- 
mainder of  Tonquin,  and  the  Red  river  to  be  open  to 
the  commerce  of  the  world.  The  French  Memorandum 
claims  the  entire  delta,  with  the  exclusive  control  of 
navigation,  and  further  demands  a  portion  of  the  left 
bank  of  the  Red  river. 

The  Chief  Superintendent  of  Works  of  the  Panama 
Canal  Company  has  submitted  reports  indicating  that 
that  canal  will  be  completed  in  1883.  Subscriptions 
will  be  opened  on  10th  mo.  3rd  for  000,000  obligations 
of  500  francs  each  at  285  francs. 

Rudesbeim,  9th  mo.  28th.— The  statue  of  Germania 
was  unveiled  to-day,  in  presence  of  the  Emperor  Wil- 
liam, the  Crown  Prince,  the  German  Princes  and  Prin- 
cesses, the  Mayors  of  Hamburg,  Bremen  and  Lubeek, 
nearly  every  prominent  civil  and  military  officer  of  the 
Empire,  and  a  numerous  army.  The  total  cost  of  the 
statue  of  Germania  was  more  than  1,000,000  marks 
(about  $250,000.)  The  inscription  on  the  monument 
is  :  "In  memory  of  the  unanimous  and  victorious  rising 


I of  the  German  people,  and  the  re-establishment  of  til 
German  Empire — 1870-1871." 

A  despatch  from  Paris,  dated  the  28th  ult.,  states  thji 
as  a  counter  demonstration  to  the  unveiling  of  til 
statue  of  Germania  on  the  Rhine  by  the  Germans, 
crowd  of  Parisians  assembled  this  afternoon  around  tb 
statue  of  "Strasbourg"  in  the  Place  de  la  Concordi 
and  indulged  in  patriotic  cries.  The  demonstratio 
passed  off  without  any  disorder. 

Rome,  9th  mo.  26th.— The  official  report  of  th 
fatalities  consequent  upon  the  late  earthquake  on  th 
Island  of  Iscbia,  asserts  that  1990  persons  were  killei 
and  374  injured.  The  outbreak  of  a  fierce  epidemic  i 
announced  near  Naples.  The  symptoms  of  the  diseas 
indicate  yellow  fever. 

The  yellow  fever  is  reported  to  be  increasing  on  th 
Mexican  Pacific  coast.  Twelve  deaths  were  report© 
in  Hermosillo  on  Fourth-day  of  last  week,  and  th 
number  of  sick  in  that  town  is  estimated  at  i000.  A 
Guaymas  the  disease  is  said  to  be  abating.  Elevei 
cases  were  reported  at  Nogales  on  Fourth-day,  and  th 
infection  has  spread  to  several  other  points. 

RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  John  W.  Tatum,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57i 
from  Edward  Michener,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Williat 
Y.  Warner,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Susan  Worrell,  Pa 
per  E.  Rboads,  $2,  to  No.  12,  vol.  58  ;  from  Mahlon  M 
Child,  Del.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  for  Lydia  B.  Metcalf,  R.  I. 
$2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Keturah  L.  Roberts,  N.  J.,  $2,  < 
57;  from  Lydia  Erubree,  Pa.,  per  Joshua  T.  Ballinger 
Agent,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Pearson  Hall,  Agent,  Io.,  fo 
Samuel  S.  Cowgill,  Benjamin  Ellyson,  James  Frame 
Sarah  Ann  Atkinson,  Aaron  Roberts,  Esther  Fogg 
Thomas  Heald,  and  Lindley  Heald,  $2  each,  vol.  57 
from  Addison  Hutton,  City,  $2,  vol.  57;  from  Satuue 
Alsop,  Jr.,  Colo.,  $2,  vol.  57  ;  from  Joseph  Snell,  Pa 
$2,  to  No.  12,  vol.  58,  and  for  Job  McCarty,  $2,  vol.  57 
from  Ovee  Rosdail,  Io.,  $2,  vol.  57 ;  from  Jacob  Maulc 
O,  $2,  vol.  57,  and  for  Asenath  Raley,  $2,  vol.  57 
from  Lorenzo  Rockwell,  N.  Y.,  per  Robert  Knowles 
Agent,  $2,  vol.  57. 


NOTICE. 

A  meeting  of  the  Friends'  Teachers  Association  t 
Philadelphia  will  be  held  at  820  Cherry  street,  oi 
Seventh-day,  10th  month  6th,  at  2.30  P.  M. 

The  programme  is  as  follows  : 

1.  Election  of  officers. 

2.  Discussion — How  and  at  what  age  should  Literal 

ture  be  taught. 

3.  Address  on  Friends'  Schools  in  England,  by  P.  E!j 

Chase. 


NOTICE  TO  TEACH  KRS,  PARENTS  AND 

OTHERS. 

The  Yearlv  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  havj1 
placed  a  book  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  Skf 
Philadelphia,  where  applications  from  teachers  wisl 
ing  situations,  and  committees  who  desire  to  emplo 
teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 
Please  give  address,  and  full  particulars. 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 

THE  CORPORATION  OF  HAVERFORD      f 

COLLEGE. 

A  Stated  Annual  Meeting  of  "  The  Corporation  of 

Haverford    College"    will   be   held   in    the  Commute ' 

Room  of  Arch  Street  Meeting-house,  Philadelphia,  01  : 

Third-day,  Tenth  month  9th,  1883,  at  3  o'clock,  p.  M.l; 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  Secretary,  j. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INS  AT 
Near  Frankford,  (Twenty  third  Ward,)  Pliiladel 

Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall, 
Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  i 

made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Bi 

Managers. 


Died,  at  her  residence  in  Philadelphia,  5th  mo.  2: 
1883,  Sarah  R.,  wife  of  Joseph  B.  Matlack,  in  the  7 
year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Northern  District  Mont 
Meeting  of  Friends. 

,  on  the  first  day  of  8th  month,  1883,  at  Huds 

New  York,  Sylvia  Mai  y,  widow  of  Abraham  Ma 
formerly  of  Nantucket,  aged  81  years  and  three  monl 

WILLIAM  II.  PILE,  PRINTER,"  ~ 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TENTH  MOSTH  13, 


NO.    10. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  52.00  per  annum. 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOBN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


.iladelphi.i  P.    O. 


letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  66.) 

To  John  Wilbur. 

"Philadelphia,  11th  mo.  23rd,  184G. 

Dear  friend  J.  W\, — My  mind  has  been 
lrned  so  much  of  latter  months  towards  my 
lends  in  New  England,  that  I  seem  to  have 
anged  to  have  some  communication  with 
hem  ;  and  as  the  door  has  been  a  little  opened 
■wards  thee  by  some  former  attempts  in  this 
fey,  I  feel  inclined  to  say  a  few  words,  if  it 
hay  but  be  the  expression  of  the  sympathy 
v-hich  attends  my  spirit  when  looking  towards 
'ou  in  your  present  circumstances.  I  doubt 
lot  but  that  a  deep  and  mournful  exercise 
nust  attend  from  day  to  day,  in  looking  at 
he  events  which  have  transpired  of  late,  and 
it  the  situation  in  which  you  find  yourselves 
vith  respect  to  religious  society  at  large,  as 
as  with  regard  to  the  immediate  causes 
ind  actors  by  which  you  have  been  compelled 
o  assume  what  for  the  present  seems  a  sepa- 
ate  and  peculiar  position.  I  have  felt  all 
Llong  that  what  has  occurred  with  you  was 
nevitable,  if  any  were  found  faithful  enough 
o  hold  out  to  the  end;  and  a  full  and  clear 
onviction  attends  my  mind,  that  we  cannot 
injoy  the  benefits  and  blessings  of  religious 
oeiety,  in  our  present  mixed  state.  We  may 
nourn  and  rightly  mourn,  that  so  many  of 
he  children  and  descendants  of  those  who 
lave  known  the  Truth,  should  have  departed 
rom  it ;  and  lament  and  bewail  the  defection 
vhich  subsists  anions  those  who  make  pro- 
fessions of  it.  This  has  been  the  concern  of 
he  rightly  exercised  among  us  for  a  long  sea- 
on,  and  the  Lord  himself  has  marked  our 
leparture  in  heart  from  Him,  has  visited  and 
evisited  us,  and  would  have  gathered'  us 
nore  and  more  under  his  holy  wing,  but  it 
nay  be  said,  we  '  would  not.' 

Is  there  not  danger  that  to  many  the  lan- 
guage may  apply,  '  O  that  thou  hadst  known 
h  this  thy  day,  the  things  which  belong  to 
ihy  peace,  but  now  they  are  hid  from  thine 
yes.'  I  greatly  fear  this  is  too  applicable  to 
nany  among  us,  who  have  been  abundantly 
avored,  but  who  have  suffered  themselves  to 
)e  drawn  aside  after  idols,  and  who  instead 
)f  seeking  to  know  the  work  of  righteousness 
jerfected  in  them,  have  fallen  far  short  in  th 
iilfilment  of  the  requisitions  of  our  high  and 
loly  profession.  Well,  we  can  but  mourn  over 
hern,  and   earnestly  desire   that   the   Lord 


would  quicken  others  to  come  forward  to  bear 
his  name  before  the  world  ;  for  although  the 
prospect  seems  clouded  with  discouragement 
at  seasons,  yet  is  the  Lord  certainly  design- 
ing that  his  Son  shall  rule  and  reign  in  the 
kingdoms  of  men,  and  that  righteousness  shall 
cover  tho  earth  as  the  waters  cover  the  sea. 
Many  are  looking  to  have  this  brought  about 
by  means  of  some  great  and  miraculous  inter- 
ference of  Divine  power;  but  persuaded  I  am, 
that  it  is  only  to  be  accomplished  by  the  re- 
ception into  the  hearts  of  the  children  of  men, 
individually,  of  that  light  and  grace  which 
brings  salvation  from  sin,  and  which  came 
and  comes  by  Jesus  Christ,  We  are  full  be- 
lievers in  Him,  and  in  his  divine,  heavenly, 
merciful  and  peaceful  dispensations,  and  many 
are  favored,  not  only  to  know  it  as  the)'  read 
it  in  the  New  Testament,  but  also  experience 
its  living,  heart-cleansing  power  in  the  secret 
of  their  hearts,  overcoming  there  those  things 
against  which  the  wisdom  and  contrivance  of 
man  are  brought  to  bear  in  vain.  May  this 
number  increase  and  multiply  everywhere — 
not  only  among  those  who  bear  our  name,  but 
also  in  the  world  at  large  ;  that  so  a  light  mar- 
moreal^! more  be  held  up,  and  the  banner  of  the 
Most  High  bo  displayed  because  of  the  Truth. 
I  am  more  and  more  concerned  that  we  may 
hold  up  no  second  rate  standard  ;  that  we  may 
bold  up  no  second  rate  ministry,  but  that  we 
may  be  favored  to  be  quick  of  understanding 
in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  ready  to  detect 
any  deviation  from  the  pure  and  holy  standard 
of  Truth  and  righteousness,  whether  in  our- 
selves or  others.  It  is  only  as  we  are  deeply 
engaged  to  know  our  own  hearts  purged  from 
any  defilement,  that  we  become  thus  livinglj- 
sensible  of  that  holy  purity  which  the  gospel 
of  Christ  demands,  or  able  availingly  to  de- 
clare to  others  his  power,  which,  though  above 
every  power  in  Heaven  and  in  earth,  is  most 
eminently  manifest  when  it  is  seen  to  over- 
come the  strength  of  sin  and  temptation  in 
the  hearts  of  the  children  of  men.  I  long  that 
amid  all  our  trials,  whether  within  or  with- 
out, we  may  keep  this  blessed  end  chiefly  in 
view,  that  so  we  may  be  enabled  to  say  with 
David,  that '  Though  our  house  be  not  so  with 
God,  yet  hath  He  made  with  us  an  everlast- 
ing covenant,  ordei'ed  in  all  things  and  sure.' 
O,  this  is  a  blessed  experience,  and  will 
sustain  us  in  the  day  of  close  trial,  when  it 
may  seem  as  if  the  whole  house  of  Israel  had 
forsaken  the  Lord,  thrown  down  his  altars, 
and  slain  his  prophets  with  the  sword ;  and 
we  may  be  ready  to  conclude  we  only  are  left. 
I  believe  the  experience  alluded  to  has  been 
at  times  that  of  some  of  you,  and  I  fervently 
desire  that  thou  mayest  be  preserved  in  holy 
dedication  and  watchfulness,  in  which  state 
no  divination  will  be  permitted  to  prevail 
against  you.  I  have  many  times  thought  I 
should  like  to  be  among  you  a  little  while, 
and  possibly  after  a  time  the  way  may  open 
for  it.  My  heart  salutes  in  gospel  fellowship 
many  among  you  though   unknown,  whose 


hearts  are  mourning  day  by  clay  somewhat 
in  the  language,  '  My  sighs  are  many,  and  my 
heart  is  faint.'  Ah,  let  such  as  these  remem- 
ber, that  although  the  Lord  bringeth  low,  yet 
will  He  have  compassion  according  to  his 
tender  mercies,  and  in  due  season  He  will  re- 
store you  again.  He  will  build  the  waste 
places,  and  cause  the  habitations  of  Jacob  to 
rejoice.  May  therefore  the  hands  that  hang- 
down  be  strengthened,  and  the  feeble  knees 
be  confirmed  ;  and  may  none  mourn  too  much 
over  their  separate  and  feeble  condition,  but 
be  engaged  to  trust  in  the  Arm  of  the  living 
Cod.  who  is  sufficient  to  sustain  us  in  every 
trial,  and  will  sustain  all  that  trust  in  Him. 
It  is  a  day  of  clouds  and  darkness  among  the 
professors  of  Truth  everywhere;  yet  I  am 
firm  in  the  faith,  that  the  Lord  is  secretly 
working  to  bring  about  his  own  ends,  and  will 
by  and  by  show  forth  his  power,  will  find  will- 
ing hearts  to  do  his  bidding,  and  will  give  to 
his  humble  exercised  children  to  see  that  his 
promises  are  unfailing  and  sure,  to  his  strug- 
gling faithful  seed.  I  shall  be  glad  to  be  re- 
membered to  such  as  love  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  in  sincerity,  for  I  think  according  to 
my  measure,  I  can  salute  them  in  that  living 
eternal  fellowship  which  is  with  the  Father 
and  with  the  Son. 

Our  beloved  friends  E.  Comfort  and  C. 
Healy*  are  both  in  poor,  and  apparently  de- 
clining health,  &c.         *         *         *         * 

John  Wilbur  to  W.  8. 

"  Hopkinton,  12th  mo.  10th,  1846. 
My  dear  friend  Wm.  Scattergood, — Thy 
very  welcome  letter  was  received  a  week  ago 
the  day  before  yesterday,  and  would  have 
been  answered  immediately  but  for  pressing 
engagements.  *  *  *  Thy  sympathies,  my 
dear  friend,  with  us  here  in  New  England, 
and  desires  that  we  may  be  enabled  to  main- 
tain inviolate  the  testimonies  of  truth,  are 
truly  very  congenial  with  many  minds  here, 
for  however  small  and  scattered  our  little 
number,  there  are  among  us  those  who  not 
only  travail  in  spirit,  but  labor  in  the  ability 
received,  to  stir  up  their  brethren  to  faithful- 
ness and  a  holy  walking,  endeavoring  to  im- 
press their  minds  with  a  sense  of  the  great 
necessity  of  maintaining  the  important  ground 
wo  have  taken  by  holy  lives  and  conversa- 
tion,  and   by   a  scrupulous   observance  and 

*  Christopher  Healy,  a  member  and  minister  of  Falls 
Monthly  Meeting,  died  Kith  of  Fifth  mo.  1851,  in  the 
78th  year  of  his  age.  Before  he  was  eleven  years  old, 
he  felt  the  secret  stirrings  of  the  grace  and  truth  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  in  his  heart.  About  the  nineteenth  year  of 
his  age,  through  a  thorough  convincement  of  its  doc- 
trines and  testimonies,  he  was  received  into  member- 
ship with  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  through  a  length- 
ened out  pilgrimage,  was  "  in  power,  and  in  the  Holy 
Ghost,  and  in  much  assurance,"  in  meetings  and  out, 
an  earnest  fearless  advocate  for  them  ;  often  saying,  that 
"Quaker  principles  were  the  dearest  principles  on  the 
face  of  the  earth."  For  obituary  of  him  see  "The 
Friend,"  vol.  xxiv.  p.  296;  and  for  "Sketches  from  the 
Memoranda  of,"  see  the  same  Journal,  vol.  xli.  p.  360, 
to  vol.  xlii.  p.  237. 


THE    FRIEND. 


honoring  all  our  testimonies.  During  the 
year  past  our  valuable  friend  Mary  Macy,  of 
Nantucket,  has,  in  the  constraining  of  gospel 
love,  visited  nearly  every  family  of  Friends 
in   this  Yearly  Meeting 


Dtly  tc 
Othei 


and  1  l.av 
known  any  one  to  speak  more  pertii 
the  state  of  families  than  M.  Macy, 
ministers  among  us  have  not  only  been  en- 
gaged to  call  together  the  members  of  Month- 
ly Meetings,  in  order  to  stir  up  the  pure  mind, 
and  to  exhort  to  greater  faithfulness  to  our 
holy  profession,  but  also  to  visit  the  meetings 
more  generally  ;  and  I  believe  that  the  prayers 
of  some  of  us  have  reached  the  ears  of  the 
Lord  of  Sabaoth,  that  he  would  send  forth 
more  laborers  into  his  Meld  of  this  kind  :  not 
merely  to  bo  endowed  with  the  gift  ot  speak- 
ing in  the  public  assembly,  but  with  the  dis- 
cernment of  spirits,  of  which  the  members  of 
our  Society  have,  in  my  apprehension,  long- 
been  sorrowfully  deficient.  Those  interces- 
sions have  not  been  lifted  up  only  for  the  be- 
stovvment  of  gifts  to  those  among  ourselves, 
but  that  the  God  of  all  grace  and  consolation, 
would  provide  for  and  send  forth  faithful 
laborers  into  his  harvest  from  other  parts  of 
the  heritage,  so  that  his  Providence  may  be 
commemorated,  and  his  holy  name  praised, 
by  those  who  are  fainting  with  hunger,  where 
there  are  none  found  to  break  them  bread. 
But  there  are  a  number  of  cases  among  us  of 
coming  acceptably  forward  in  the  ministry, 
but  we  are  not  without  an  instance  in  which 


of  Friends  with  you  and  elsewhere,  so  far  as 
to  give  them  sufficient  interest  and  confidence 
in  us,  as  to  bring  us  within  the  roach  of  the 
personal  labors  of  those  who  already  feel 
something  of  the  constraining  love  of  the  gos- 
pel towards  us,  we  should  undoubtedly  be 
greatly  strengthened  by  their  corning  and 
mingling  with  us  in  travail  that  Christ  might 
be  found  in  us.  Nevertheless  some  of  us  are 
engaged  in  exhorting  our  friends  to  be  quiet 
and  patient  in  our  secluded  condition,  and 
whilst  so,  to  lay  the  faster  hold  of  the  Divine 
promises  to  those  who  trust  in  the  Lord,  and 
whose  minds  are  staid  upon  Him. 

Please  accept  for  thyself  and  family  our 
united  love,  and  communicate  the  assurance 
of  it  to  dear  B.  Pitfield,*  and  Sarah  Ilillman, 
towards  whom,  and  many  others  in  your  city, 
the  current  of  it  flows  freely — their  names  too 
numerous  to  insert  here. 
As  ever  thy  friend, 

John  Wilbur." 


(To 


inued.) 


The  following  sketch  appeared  in  a  late 
issue  of  a  Mt.  Holly  paper,  and  was  sent  to 
the  writer  of  this  by  a  friend  residing  there. 
Upon  perusal  we  thought  it  could  not  fail  to 
interest  the  readers  of  "The  Friend."  If 
deemed  suitable,  will  the  editor  please  pub 
lish  in  his  valuable  journal?  and  oblige  a  sub 


of  the  barn,  but  the  old  oaken  timbers,  hard-  of  New  Jersey,   wh 

ened  by  age,   burned  slowly  and  stubbornly,  j  scarcely  known  beyond  the  "narrow  circl 

his  religious  Society.     Looking  back  to  th< 


More  than  a  century  ago,  that  oaken  frame 
work  stood  upon  the  north  side-  of  Mill 
>t,  which  included  the  lots  now 
owned  by  Benjamin  Oliphant  and  Peter 
Lynch,  and  was  the  dwelling  house  and  homo 
of  John  Woolman,  a  minister  of  the  Society 
of  Friends. 

Woolman  also  owned  the  Stratton  farm  on 
the-M 


the  valuable  elder  appears  to  some  of  us,  to 

have  mistaken  his  calling;  in  which  case,  help  AN  0LD  landmark  gon 

might  be  far  more  successfully'  administered  The  fire  which  occurred  on  the  morning  of 
by  a  judicious  stranger  than  by  any  one  [Oth  mo.]  1st,  1883,  destroyed  ono  of  the  in 
among  ourselves.  So  that  we  see  how  greatly  |  foresting  antique  relics  of  Mount  Holly.  Th 
useful  would  be  the  running  to  and  fro  of|fl 
the  rightly  anointed  laborers  throughout  the 
whole  heritage,  to  administer  to  the  necessi 
ties  of  his  people.  I  allude  to  such  clear 
sighted  and  all-devoted  messengers  as  thy 
grandsire  Thomas  Scattergood,  and  others  of  ,s 
former  times.  Oh  !  that  the  great  and  merer 
ful  Head  of  the  Church,  would  raise  up 
anoint,  and  send  forth  many  such  among  his 
people  in  this  our  day  of  unexampled  neces 
sity.  But  I  would  not,  my  dear  friend,  wish 
to  be  understood  to  suggest  that  the  public 
preaching  of  the  gospel  is  indispensable  to  the1  Atkins< 
prosperity  of  a  meeting  of  Friends,  or  to  the  present 
success  of  acceptable  worship.  Farotherwise!  forty  y 
inasmuch  as  I  am  a  firm  believer  in  a  heavenly 
intercourse  between  God  and  the  mind  of 
man,  through  the  gift  of  his  light  and  grace 
by  Jesus  Christ,  the  light  of  men.  But  to 
those  whose  vision  is  not  made  clear  by  the 
shining  of  this  light,  for  want  of  an  adherence 
to  it,  the  ministration  of  it  through  their  fel- 
low-men, awakening  the  witness  in  them,  is  a 
great  favor,  if  not  often  a  great  blessing  to 
them,  as  well  as  a  great  consolation  to  the 
church  at  large.  And  in  short  it  would  re- 
quire much  time  to  speak  of  the  various  trials, 
exercises,  conditions,  and  temptations,  even 
of  the  faithful,  to  portray  the  advantages  of 
a  living  ministry  in  the  Church  of  Christ. 
And  I  do  believe  that  in  the  midst  of  the  camp 
of  the  Lord's  people,  if  they  are  truly  a  living 
people,  that  the  voice  of  the  prophets  will  be 
heard,  to  the  strengthening  and  edification  of 
the  body,  and  to  the  building  of  one  another 
up  in  the  most  holy  faith  ;  but  on  the  contrary 
thou  knowest  the  deadening  effect  of  words 
without  the  power;  from  which  I  travail  in 
Bpirit  that  wo  as  a  people  may  be  delivered. 
But  if  Truth  should  open  the  way  in  the  minds 


to  America,   (tying  at  York,   England,  10tl! 
mo.  7th,  1772. 

We  retain  another  relic  building  of  the  las 
century,  still  standing  on  the  north  side  I 
Mill  street,  east  of  Cherry  street,  in  which 
from  177G  to  1779,  Stephen  Girard  conductei 
a  cigar  shop,  bottled  claret  and  cider,  an 
sold  raisins  by  the  pennyworth  to  children. 

How  opposite  the  character  of  those  tw< 
citizens  of  Mount  Holly!     Girard,  bendinj 
every  faculty  of  mind  and  body  for  the  on 
purpose,  accumulation    of    worldly  riches— 
Woolman,  by  trade  a  tailor,  had  opened  a  lit 
tie  shop  in  which  (we  give  his  words)  "I  hat 
begun  with  selling  trimmings  for  garments' 
and  from  thence  proceeded  to  selling  cloths  am 
linens;  and  at  length  having  got  a  consider 
able  shop  of  goods,  my  trade  increased  ever 
year  and  the  road  to  large  business  appeare< 
to  bo  open  ;  but  I  felt  a  stop  in  my  mind. 
believe  truth  did  not  require  me  to  engage 
much  cumbering  affairs.     Things  that  serv 
chiefly  to  please  the  vain  mind  in  people 
was  not  easy  to  trade  in  ;  seldom  did  it,  am 
whenever  I  did,  I  found  it  weakened  me  as  s 
Christian." 

John  Woolman  has  left  a  journal  of  hit 
thoughts  and  religious  labors,  from  the  read 
ing  of  which  no  one  can  rise,  without  feeling 
purer  in  heart  and  strengthened  in  a  Chris 
tian'sikith. 

From  the  poet  Whittier's  introduction  t< 
an  edition  of  that  journal,  we  now  copy 
Alluding  to  Woolman's  labors  for  the  aboli 
tion  of  slavery,  he  says,  "  A  far-reachiS 
moral,  social  and  political  revolution,  undoing 
the  evil  work  ot  centuries,  unquestion; 
owes  much  of  its  original  impulse  to  the 


if. 

of  a  poor,  unlearned  workingmar 

'  ose  very   existence  wg 


humble  workshop  at  Mount  Holly,  from  th< 
standpoint  of  the  Proclamation  of  President 
Lincoln,  how  has  the  seed  sown  in  weakness 
been  raised  in  power? 

"It  is  only  within  a  comparatively  recent 
period  that  the  journal  and  ethical  essays  ol! 
this  remarkable  man  have  attracted  the  afli 

'now  belonging  to  Budd !  tention   to    which    they    are    manifestly   en>; 

'ling  house  prior  to  the  titled.  In  one  of  my"  last  interviews  with 
William  Ellery  Channing,  he  expressed  hi} 
very  great  surprise  that  they  were  so  little; 
known.  Ho  had  himself  just  read  the  bool^ 
for  the  first  time,  and  1  shall  never  forget' 
how  his  countenance  lighted  up  as  he  pro* 
nounced  it  beyond  comparison  the  sweetest 
and  purest  auto  biography  in  the  language." 
The  poet  Charles  Lamb,  probably  from  his 
friends,  the  Clarksons,  or  from  Bernard  Bar- 
ton, became  acquainted  with  it;  and  on  more 
than  one  occasion,  in  his  letters  and  Essaj-s  of 
Elia,  refers  to  it  with  warm  commendation. 
Edward  Irving  pronounced  it  a  God-send. 
Some  idea  of  the  lively  interest  which  the 
fine  literary  circlegathered  around  the  hearth, 
of  Lamb  felt  in  the  beautiful  simplicity  of 
Woolman's  pages,  may  be  had  from  the  diary 
ofHenry  Crabb  Robinson,  one  of  their  numbel 
himself  a  man  of  wide  and  varied  culture] 
the  intimate  friend  of  Goethe,  Wordsworth 
and  Coleridge.  In  his  notes  for  1  mo.  1S24, 
lie  says,  alter  a  reference  to  a  sermon  of  his 
friend  Irving,  which  he  feared  would  deter 
rather  than  promote  belief:  "  How  different 
this  from  John  Woolman's  journal  1  have 
been  reading  at  the  same  time  I  A  perfect 
gem!     His  is  a  scheme  Seele,  a  beautiful  soul. 


that  farm,  torn  down  about 
was  the  residence  of  Wool- 
man's  wife  and  children  after  his  death. 

A  very  good  wood  cut  of  that  house  appears 
in  Barber  and  Howe's  Historical  Collections 
of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  as  the  "  Wool- 
man  House,"  and  it  was  generally  shown  as 
his  house  to  tourists  from  foreign  parts,  but 
John  Woolman  never  lived  in  it.  Ho  com- 
menced buildingthat  house  previous  to  start- 
ing on  his  religious  visit  to  Great  Britain  in 
3d  mo.,  1772.  It  was  completed  while  he  was 
there  and  was  intended  for  the  family  resi- 
dence after  his  return,  but  he  never  returned 


*  Elizabeth  Pitfield,  deceased  7th  mo.  4th,  1SG6 
the  79th  year  of  her  age.  She  wns  a  beloved  minister  of 
the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  for 
the  Northern  District.  For  obituary  of  her,  see  "Tlie 
Friend,"  vol.  xxxix.  page  370.  Tins  states  that  she  first 
appeared  in  the  exercise  of  her  gift  about  the  22d  year 
of  her  nge  ;  and  thus  concludes:  "May  more  of  our 
dear  young  Friends,  to  whom  she  has  so  often  and  BO 
fervently  spoken  of  the  unsearchable  riches  of  Christ, 
and  the  unalterable  terms  of  salvation,  be  willing  to 
take  up  the  cross  and  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  his  com- 
panions; that  so  there  may  be  a  succession  of  standard- 
bearers  raised  up  from  among  the  children  of  this 
people." 


THE    FRIEND. 


1F> 


\.n  illiterate  tailor,  be  writes  in  a  style  of  the 
nost  exquisite  purity  and  grace.  His  moral 
[ualities  are  transferred  to  his  writings.  Had 
le  not  been  so  very  humble,  he  would  have 
vritten  a  still  better  book;  for,  fearing  to  in- 
lulge  in  vanity,  he  conceals  the  events  in 
vhich  he  was  a  great  actor.  His  religion  was 
ove.  His  whole  existence  and  all  his  passions 
vere  love.  If  one  could  venture  to  impute 
o  his  creed,  and  not  to  his  personal  charact- 
er, the  delightful  frame  of  mind  he  exhibit- 
id,  one  could  not  hesitate  to  be  a  convert. 
Be  Christianity  is  most  inviting — itisfasci- 
tating!" 

One  of  the  leading  British  reviews  a  few 
■cars  ago,  referring  to  this  journal,  pro- 
lounces  its  author  the  man  who,  in  all  the 
enturies  since  the  advent  of  Christ,  lived 
learest  to  the  Divine  pattern. 

The  author  of  The  Patience  of  Hope,  whose 
.uthority  in  devotional  literature  is  unques- 
ioned,  says  of  him:  "John  Woolman's  gift 
vas  love — a  charity  of  which  it  does  not 
inter  into  the  natural  heart  of  men  to  con- 
ceive, and  of  which  the  more  ordinary  expe- 
Ipces,  even  of  renewed  nations,  give  but  a 
aint  shadow." 

'  "Every  now  and  then,  in  the  world's  his 
ory,  we  meet  with  such  men,  the  kings  and 
riests  of  humanity,  on  whose  heads  this 
irecious  ointment  has  been  so  poured  forth 
bat  it  has  run  down  to  the  skirts  of  their 
lothing,  and  extended  over  the  whole  of  the 
isiblc  creation;  men  who  have  entered,  like 
i'raneis  of  Assisi,  into  the  secret  of  thai  deep 
mity  with  God  and  with  his  creatures  which 
lakes  man  to  be  in  league  with  the  stones  of 
field,  and  the  beasts  of  the  forest  to  be 
t  peace  with  him.  In  this  pure-,  universal 
harity  there  is  nothing  fitful  or  intermittent, 
othing  that  comes  and  goes  in  showers,  and 
learns  ami  sunbursts.  Its  springs  are  deep 
nd  constant,  its  rising  like  that  of  a  mighty 
iver,  its  very  overflow  calm  and  steady, 
saving  life  and  fertility  behind  it." 

Looking  at  the  purity,  wisdom  and  sweet- 
less  of  his  life,  who  shall  say  that  his  faith 
i  the  teaching  of  the  Holy  Spirit — the  in- 
erior  guide  and  light — was  a  mistaken  one? 
urely  it  was  no  illusion  by  which  his  feet 
rere  so  guided  that  all  who  saw  him  felt  that 
ke  Enoch,  he  walked  with  God.  "  Without 
le  actual  inspiration  of  the  Spirit  of  Grace, 
no  inward  teacher  of  our  souls,"  says  Fine- 
Ion,  "  we  could  neither  do,  will,  nor  believe 
ood.  We  must  silence  every  creature,  we 
lust  silence  ourselves  "also,  to  hear  in  the 
rofound  stillness  of  the  soul  this  incxprcssi- 
le  voice  of  Christ.  The  outward  word  of 
je  gospel  itself,  without  this  living,  effica- 
ious  word  within,  would  be  but  an  empty 
Dund." 

"  Thou  Lord,"  says  Augustine  in  his  Medi- 
ations, "communicatest  thyself  to  all;  thou 
sachest  the  heart  without  words ;  thou  speak- 
3t  to  it  without  articulate  sounds."  Never 
■as  this  divine  principle  more  fully  tested 
lan  by  John  Woolman;  and  the  result  is 
in  a  life  of  such  rare  excellence,  that  the 
rorld  is  still  better  and  richer  for  its  sake, 
nd  the  fragrance  of  it  comes  down  to  us 
lirough  a  century,  still  sweet  and  precious. 


A  late  paper  observes  :  "  We  have  known 
lany  parents  who  would  give  to  their  chil- 
en  anything  within  their  power  to  bestow 
except  themselves." 


Plea  for  Plain  and  Unflattering  Language. 

It  was  with  sorrow  that  I  read,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  revision  of  the  Discipline,  this 
item  of  the  proceedings  of  the  late  Yearly 
Meeting  held  at  London,  tlvat  "the  advice 
against  using  the  heathen  names  of  the 
months  and  days  was,  after  much  delibera- 
tion, omitted."  Considerations  of  present  ex- 
pediency, and  thequeiy  as  to  whether  Friends 
were  not  limiting  their  opportunities  for  use- 
fulness by  holding  on  to  this  testimony,  doubt- 
less influenced  many  in  their  advocacy  of  the 
change.  Yet  I  seriously  question  whether 
the  future  will  not  show  that  in  this,  as  well 
as  in  other  matters  pertaining  to  simplicity  of 
address,  now  so  much  contemned,  we,  as  a 
Society,  have  been  unfaithful  to  an  important 
trust.  The  manner  in  which  this  unfaithful- 
ness maj-  work  hardship  to  our  fellows — even 
those  not  called  by  the  name  of  Friends — may, 
perhaps,  be  best  illustrated  by  a  few  practical 
statements. 

A  special  investigation  was  recently  made 
by  an  Imperial  State  Attorney  of  Russia  into 
judicial  and  administrative  abuses  in  the  de- 
partment of  Orenburg.  So  ghastly  was  the 
record  of  misgovern ment,  heartlessncss  and 
tyranny,  and  so  great  became  the  resistance 
from  bench,  bureau,  and  military  headquar- 
ters, that  he  was  not  permitted  to  pursue  his 
investigations  longer  than  a  few  months. 
Amongst  other  things  communicated  was  the 
following:  "He  learned  that  absent-minded 
prisoners  who  used  the  familiar  form  of  'thou' 
in  place  of  you,'  in  addressing  the  officials  in 
charge  of  their  dungeons,  were  tied  to  a  horse's 
tail  and  flogged  with  thorny  rods  steeped  in 
salt  water,  receiving  someti  m  es  as  many  as  125 
blows."  Will  Friends,  by  disusing  or  despising 
the  Scriptural  language  of"  thou"  and  "thee," 
make  the  stripes  of  these  and  similar  oppress- 
ed ones  any  fewer?  Can  those  wh 
this  testimanj'  as  to  plainness  of  speech  as  of 
no  value,  feel  a  real  sympathy  for  those  thus 
mercilessly  "flogged  with  thorny  rods"  for 
the  offence  of  using  the  unflattering  pronoun  ? 

When  Dean  Stanley  was  Professor  of  Ec- 
clesiastical History  as  well  as  canon  of"  Christ 
Church,"  some  one,  upon  one  occasion,  raised 
the  question  in  his  presence,  whether  the  pro- 
per title  by  which  to  speak  of  him  would  be 
Dr.  Stanley,  Canon  Stanley,  or  Professor 
Stanley.  He  seemed  quite,  uninterested,  but 
afterwards  broke  in,  with  bis  quick,  eager 
manner,  "There  is  only  one  appellation  that 
I  care  to  be  known  by."  "What  is  that?" 
"  Arthur  Stanley." 

The  writer  of  this,  having  had  occasion,  a 
year  or  two  ago,  to  correspond  with  a  profes- 
sor of  Scandinavian  languages  inan  American 
university,  queried  him  as  to  the  style  by 
which  persons  in  Iceland  addressed'  each 
other.  He  stated  that  they  used  great  sim- 
plicity of  speech,  and,  unless  I  were  an  entire 
stranger,  I  would  be  addressed  there  bjr  my 
first  name,  Josiah. 

The  Public  Ledger,  probably  the  most  in- 
fluential and  widely-circulated  of  the  daily 
journals  of  Philadelphia,  replying  to  a  reader 
as  to  the  proper  use  of  the  term  "  Esquire," 
says  of  this  and  other  titles:  "The  whole 
business,  however,  has  been  run  down  to  such 
a  ridiculous  pass,  that  the  plain  prefix,  Mr., 
is  more  acceptable  to  sensible  men.  and  some 
prefer  the  plainer  style  of  the  Friends,  with- 
out either  prefix  or  suffix."  In  a  subsequent 
response  to  a  like  query,  the  editor  sensibly 


concludes:  "The   best  address  of  all  is  the 
plain  name,  as  '  William  Lansdalc.'  " 

Upon  the  subject  of  conferring  honorary 
titles  or  degrees,  a  practice  which  is  certainly 
not  on  the  wane,  the  Moravian,  expresses  the 
opinion  that  if  it  continues  at  the  present  rate 
of  acceleration,  there  will  be  before  long  more 
doctors  of  various  kinds  in  the  land  than  peo- 
ple without  degrees,  and  that  "  soon  it  will  be 
more  of  a  distinction  to  have  a  plain  name 
without  any  appendage,  than  one  ornamented 
and  adorned  with  prefix  and  suffix."  I  re- 
member to  have  seen  it  stated,  years  ago,  that 
it  was  altogether  distasteful  to  the  excellent 
and  learned  Presbyterian  minister,  the  late 
Albert  Barnes,  to  be  addressed  as  "Reverend." 
The  like  statement  has  been  made  with  re- 
spect to  the  eminent  Baptist  preacher,  Charles 
Spurgeon.  Within  a  few  years  there  have 
been  quite  a  number  of  religious  journals 
established  in  this  country  as  exponents  of 
the  views  of  those  who  have  come  out  from 
the  Methodists.  Congregationalists,  Wesley- 
ans,  &c,  and  who  are  opposed  to  the  use  of 
jclerical  titles,  to  secret  societies,  fashionable 
attire,  and  similar  alliances  with  the  world's 
[spirit.  Nevertheless,  it  is  now  not  uncommon 
for  our  own  members  to  use  clerical  titles  in 
connection  with  ministers  of  other  denomina- 
tions, and  themselves  to  submitto  be  so  styled, 
without  correction  or  rebuke. 

In  connection  with  the  foregoing  subject, 
the  Presbyterian  of  Philadelphia,  stated,  some 
two  years  ago.  that  at  a  General  Assembly  of 
'  i  he  Presbyterian  denomination,  held  in  Wis- 
i  consin,  the  wi^h  was  expressed  by  one  of  the 
^  participating  preachers,  that  the  members  of 
i   the  convocation  might  be  willingto  drop  their 
'i  titles  of"  Doctor,"  "and  be  called  bythe  names 
r  by  which  they  were  best  known  in  their  un- 
'  dignified  state."     Some  unity  was  expressed 
J  with  that  view,  and  a  partial  trial  was  made, 
t  j  but  the  resultant  dissatisfaction  and  confusion 
were  so  great,  that  a  return  to  the  former 
usage  quickly  followed.     With  the  following 
from  the  Boston  Christian,   I  conclude  these 
quotations,  which,  as  corroborating  Friends' 
testimony  to  the  propriety,  excellence,  and 
serviceableness  of  a  simple,  unflattering  lan- 
guage, I   have  purposely  taken  from   other 
than  "Friendly"  sources: 

"  There  is  no  more  delicate  and  agreeable 
method  of  conveying  the  praise  of  men,"  says 
this  editor,  "  than  by  the  vestment  of  flatter- 
ing titles.  We  were  once  in  a  printing-office, 
where  a  parcel  of  proofs,  or  something  of  the 
kind,  were  being  made  up  to  be  sent  to  a 
minister.  'Shall  I  put  on  D.D.?\said  the 
clerk.  No  one  seemed  to  know,  and  the 
writer  remarked,  'I  think  he  is  not  a  D.D.;' 
but  the  shrewd  manager  said,  'Put  it  on  ;  it 
never  gives  offence.'  There  are,  doubtless,  men 
who  wear  such  titles  without  thinking  much 
of  them.  But  there  are  others  who  do  think 
of  them,  and  covet  them,  and  disgrace  them- 
selves to  gain  them.  That  New  York  Sun- 
day-school teacher  may  have  worn  her  jewel- 
ry without  great  personal  harm  ;  but  the  poor 
little  girl  who  saw  it,  and  was  brought  into 
the  police  court  for  stealing  something  of  the 
same  kind  to  imitate  her  teacher,  could  tell 
better  how  the  system  works.  We  would  not 
insinuate  that  all  who  wear  these  honorary 
titles  are  Pharisaic  in  their  character,  but  we 
would  affectionately  ask  them  to  read  our 
Saviour's  words  concerning  those  who,  in 
other  days,  were  called  Rabbi,  or  D.D.,  and 
his   commandment  to   his    own    disciples   in 


THE    FRIEND. 


view  of  the  evil  which  lie  rebuked."  (Matt, 
xxiii.  1-12). 

I  know  it  has  become  not  unusual  now,  on 
the  part  of  our  members  here  and  there,  to 
profess  an  attachment  for  the  simple  speech 
of  "thee"  and  "thou,"  merely  as  being  ex- 
pressive of  the  language  of  family  affection  or 
friendship.  Without  the  restricted  pale  of 
family  and  intimate  friends,  it  must  bo  in- 
stantly dropped.  This  distinction  is  a  com- 
mon one  in  various  countries  ;  but  it  will  be 
observed,  as  in  the  Russian  incident  first  re- 
lated, that  the  demand  to  make  use  of  the 
formal,  flattering  style  of  address,  under  ordi- 
nary conditions,  is  most  exacting. 

Plain  speech,  therefore,  if  it  would  also  be 
straightforward,  should  show  as  a  reasonable 
foundation  for  its  use  something  more  than 
mere  sentiment.  The  warrant  from  Scripture 
ought  to  weigh  for  much.  The  Divine  obli- 
gation to  love  our  neighbors  as  ourselves, 
should  impel  us  to  address  them  also  in  the 
language  of  affection  and  simplicity,  and  not 
selfishly  to  a  selected  few.  If  the  Jew  of  old, 
in  testifying  against  the  idolatry  of  the  Ca- 
naanites,  was  enjoined  to  not  even  make  men- 
tion of  the  names  of  their  gods,  more  impera- 
tive should  be  the  obligation  upon  the  Christian 
to  protest  against  that  dishonor  to  Omnipo- 
tence which  calls  his  days  and  months  by  the 
names  of  gross  heathen  deities.  Finally,  we 
would  do  well  (and  is  it  not  a  duty?)  to  emu- 
late the  ingenuousness  of  the  youngest  and 
best  of  Job's  counsellors,  who  having  declared 
how  the  Spirit  within  him  constrained  him  to 
speak,  impressively  continued:  "Let  me  not, 
I  pray  you,  accept  any  man's  person,  neither 
let  mo  give  flattering  titles  unto  man.  For 
I  know  not  to  give  flattering  titles;  in  so  do- 
ing my  Maker  would  soon  take  me  away." 
(Job  xxxii.  21,  22,  and  ante). 

Josiah  W.  Leeds. 

Philadelphia. 

The  Monkeys'  Aggressive  Policy. — The  mon- 
keys in  Exeter  Exchange  Menagery  were 
placed  in  a  row  of  cages,  with  only  thin  par- 
titions between  each  other.  Before  each  cage 
was  a  pan  for  the  monkej's'  food,  and  these 
pans  were  supplied  several  times  a  day.  Now 
the  behavior  of  the  monkeys  at  their  meals 
was  one  of  the  amusing  sights  of  the  place. 
It  was  this:  no  sooner  had  the  food  been  put 
in  their  pans,  than  the  foolish  creatures  began 
to  eat,  not  out  of  their  own  pans  but  out  of 
those  of  their  neighbors.  Each  streched  his 
paw  obliquely  along  to  his  neighbor's  pan,  in 
order,  if  possible,  to  filch  a  little  from  him, 
expecting  to  have  his  own  pan  to  empty  at 
leisure  besides.  But  as  every  monkey  did  the 
same,  it  happened  that  while  one  was  at- 
tempting to  steal  from  his  neighbor,  his  neigh- 
bor on  the  other  side  was  taking  the  oppor- 
tunity, while  his  attention  was  thus  engaged, 
to  steal  from  him.  So  no  one  was  the  better 
for  it;  for  whenever  any  one  found  his  pan 
invaded  by  a  neighbor,  he  tried  to  get  a  bite 
at  him,  or  to  filch  from  his  pan  in  return  ;  and 
thus  splutterings  and  fights  took  place,  in  the 
course  of  which  a  great  quantity  of  the  food 
was  cast  out,  and  lost  upon  the  ground.  In 
short,  the  simple  effect  of  the  plan  of  mutual 
aggression  was  to  make  the  whole  of  the  mon- 
keys have  uncomfortable  instead  of  comforta- 
ble meals,  and  less  to  eat  than  they  other- 
wise would  have  had.  Had  each  been  content 
to  make  the  best  of  his  own  pan,  the  genera 
happiness  would  have  been  greatly  increased 


But  monkeys  are  only  poor  dumb  animals, 
and  may  be  excused  and  pitied  for  their  folly. 
—  Chambers'  Miscellany. 

For  "The  Friend." 

BROKEN  CLOUDS. 

TO   J.    S. 

My  joy  was  like  a  dream,  which,  passing  opt  of  sight, 
Has  left  a  (race  of  tears,  where  fell  its  mellow  light ; 
And  on   my  heart   comes   down   the   stillness  of  the 

night,— 
A  night  of  grief,  whose  chill  has  touched  my  flowers 

with  blight ; 
And  voices  of  whose  fears,  joy's  happy  birds  affright, 
And  hush  their  tender  songs  of  love  and  of  delight. 

It  was  a  heavy  cloud  that  veiled  life's  sun  the  while, 
And  every  step  I  took  seemed  like  a  weary  mile; 
Not  over  pleasant  fields,  but  through  a  dark  defile, 
Where  were  no  songs  of  birds,  nor  flowers  to  beguile 
My  spirit  from  despair  ;  nor  yet,  my  Father's  smile  : 
But  .Satan  tempted  me  with  many  a  wicked  wile. 

He  told  me,  God  had  taken  my  blessings  all  away, 
That  He  had  hidden  from  my  heart,  hope's  sweet  and 

cheering  ray ; 
And,  to  a  loyal  spirit,  sent  a  life-long  clouded  day. 
"Thy  fervent  prayers  He  will  not  heed;  then,  where- 
fore shonldst  thou  pray? 
He  leads  to  barren  pastures;  and  wilt  thou  still  obey 
The  voice  of  such  a  Shepherd  ?     Be  wise,  and  answer  : 
nay." 

My  Saviour  told  of  duties  that  He  would  have  me  do  ; 
Then,  lying  Satan  whispered:  "Ah!  well  thy  Saviour 

knew 
Thou  hadst  no  grace  to  do  them ;  and  He'll  not  help 

thee  through. 
Besides,  those  friends  thou  lovest,  and  whom  thou  hast 

thought  true, 
Will  laugh  at  thee  for  striving,  so  vain  a  work  to  do 
Thou  canst  not  save  the  thousands,  nor  canst  thou  aid 

the  few." 

But,  thanks  be  to  my  Saviour!  when,  in  humility, 
I  gave  up  what  was  dearer  than  even  life  could  be; 
My  gracious,  loving  Father  returned  it  unto  me, 
With  bountiful  additions*  of  peace  and  harmony. 
As  Satan  cannot  bear  love's  light,  what  should  he  do 

but  flee  ? 
And,  stronger  grown,  more  clearly  the  tempter's  snares 

I  see. 

Oh  !  there  were  flower-buds  opening,  unfolding  petals 

bright; 
Those  flowers  of  choicest  fragrance,  they  bloomed  not 

in  the  night; 
They  bloomed  not  in   the  gloaming,  but  in  the  warm 

sunlight. 
Th^re  were  pure  founts  of  pleasure,  that  welled  before 

my  sight ; 
And   there   were   songs  of  angels,   that  winged  from 

heaven  their  flight. 
But  the  flowers  lost  their  beauty,  and  joy  was  withered 

quite. 

Deep  griefs  were  sent  to  try  me,  my  faith  in  Him  to 

prove 
Who  died  for  all,  and  asks  of  me  a  life  of  trustful  love  ; 
And,  that  I  have  no  treasure  which  I  shall  prize  above 
The  Friend,  whose  gift  of  healing,  my  soul  with  thanks 

doth  move; 
For,   "  with  a  weary  wing,"  comes  back,  my  gentle, 

wounded  dove. 

E.  II. 
Barnesville,  Ohio. 

Home  Influence. — There  is  much  food  for 
profitable  reflection  in  the  following  remarks 
of  T.  L.  Cuyler.  Yet  we  must  not  overlook 
the  power  of  that  Divine  Grace  which  has 
raised  up  faithful  witnesses  to  the  truth  from 

*  "He  called  for  my  life,  and  I  offered  it  at  his  foot- 
stool ;  but  He  gave  it  me  as  a  prey,  with  unspeakable 
addition.  He  called  for  my  will,  and  I  resigned  it  at 
his  call  ;  hut  He  returned  me  his  own  in  token  of  his 
love.  He  called  for  the  world,  and  I  laid  it  at  his  feet, 
with  the  crowns  thereof;  I  withheld  them  not  at  the 
beckoning  of  his  hand.  But  mark  the  benefit  of  ex- 
change !  For  He  gave  me,  instead  of  earth,  a  kingdom 
of  eternal  peace  ;  ami  in  lieu  of  the  crowns  of  vanity,  a 
crown  of  glory."—  Thomas  Story. 


situations  which  outwardly  seemed  very  un- 
favorable. 

"All  the  best  preaching  that  can  be  mar. 
haled  in  the  pulpits  of  our  communities  if 
unable  to  counteract  the  malarious  influence 
of  godless,  frivolous  homes.  Just  as  soon  ex- 
pect to  grow  sugar-cane  in  Greenland,  oi 
oranges  in  Alaska,  as  to  rear  the  plants  o: 
grace  in  a  family  whose  very  air  is  saturateo 
with  worldliness.  The  irreligious  influence 
of  father  and  mother  taints  the  children,  at 
escaping  sewer-gas  penetrates  a  house  with] 
the  seeds  of  typhoid  fever.  The  incessant 
talk  about  money  or  fashion,  or  self-indulgj 
ence,  the  utter  neglect  of  all  observance  [oi 
the  First  day,]  the  whole  daily  round  of  think, 
ing,  acting,  and  living,  poison  the  very  eorej 
of  the  children's  hearts.  How  can  religiot 
live  in  such  an  atmosphere?  How  can  th( 
next  generation  be  trained  for  the  country'! 
needs,  the  Church's  service,  and  the  kingdorr 
of  Christ,  in  homes  where  the  Bible  is  no 
more  a  text-book  of  conduct  than  in  the  tent 
of  a  Mussulman?"—!1.  L.  Cuyler. 

A  Scene  in  India. — I  shall  never  forget  af 
long  as  I  live  that  day  when  in  the  glow  0! 
the.  eventide,  as  the  sun  was  sinking,  and  as 
the  mists  were  creeping  over  the  land,  J 
walked  with  one  of  our  native  brethren  by 
the  river-side,  and  saw  a  light  in  the  dim  dis 
tance,  when  he  said  to  me,  "Yonder  is  tut 
only  Christian  in  all  that  great  town."  Ten 
years  ago  he  received  Christ  into  his  heart 
his  father  and  mother  turned  him  out;  his 
friends  forsook  him  ;  his  neighbors  persecuted 
him  ;  and  all  these  years  he  stood  his  ground 
scarcely  getting  food  to  eat.  During  all  those 
ten  years  he  maintained  his  Christian  charac- 
ter unspotted  in  the  midst  of  the  heathen 
around  him,  and  the  native  brother  said  tc 
me,  "Now  his  business  is  reviving,  because 
people  say  he  sells  the  best  things,  and  always 
means  what  he  says."  I  entered  his  humble 
bamboo  hut.  and  sat  down  upon  the  ground 
by  his  side,  and  as  I  discoursed  about  his  lone 
liness  and  his  sadness,  the  tears  sprang  intc 
his  eyes,  and  he  said,  "  No,  I  am  never  lonely 
for  as  Christ  was  with  the  Hebrew  children 
and  as  He  was  with  Daniel  in  the  lions"  den 
so  all  these  years  has  He  been  with  me." 
"  Lonely,  dear  Lord  !  how  can  I  be 

With  thy  sweet  presence  here? 
Thy  strength  in  weakness  to  make  strong; 

Thy  hand  to  wipe  each  tear? 

Lonely,  dear  Lord,  I  only  am 
When  wandering  from  thy  side, 

And  heaviest  crosses  light  become 
If  I  in  thee  abide. 

O  blessed  Saviour,  faithful  friend, 

When  earthly  friends  forsake, 
Thy  presence  lights  life's  darkest  hour, 

And  earth  a  heaven  doth  make." 

— A.  H.  Bayncs. 

Ireland's  Glory  and  Italy's  Misfortune. — I 
is  a  curiosity  of  Ireland  that  its  infant  death 
rate  is  the  lowest  in  Europe.  Italy's  is  tbi 
highest.  In  Italy  215  children  in  each  1,00< 
die  in  their  first  year  ;  in  Ireland,  despite  al 
the  distress  there,  only  35  children  die  in  th< 
first  year  ;  while  in  England  the  rate  iso'O,  anc 
in  Russia  102.  The"  Italian  statistics  are 
very  carefully  compiled,  or  we  should  doubi 
their  appalling  story. 

That  the  Irish  head  the  list  in  saving  thi 
lives  of  their  children  is  the  best  complimoni 
overpaid  to  that  people.  It  shows  vigor  1 
vitality  and  fidelity  in  the  mothers.     In  Ital 


THE    FRIEND. 


77 


igor  of  the  race  was  undermined  long  ago, 
in  spite  of  a  climate  incomparably  the 
in  Eu 


rope,  the  Iu 
re  for  her  child. 


an   mother  fai 


A  Message  from  the  Father. 

l  little  town  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia, 
ten  years  ago,  an  old  elder  of  the  Pres- 
an  Church  lay  dying.  His  life  from 
od  had  been  spent  in  his  Master's  ser- 
,nd  he  was  now  about  to  enter  into  eter- 
nal life.  But  disease  had  affected  his  mind  as 
well  as  his  body,  and  his  Christian  hope  was 
slouded.  He  could  not  believe  himself  a  for- 
ijiven  sinner,  and  the  vision  of  an  angry  God 
.'hut  out  entirely  the  sight  of  an  atoning  Sa- 
dour. 

With  the  unselfishness  that  had  marked  his 
vbole  life  he  kept  his  anguish  from  the  knowl- 
edge of  his  children  ;  only  the  oldest  daugh- 
,er,  taking  her  sainted  mother's  place  watch- 
ng  day  and  night  at  his  pillow,  knew  how 
,hc  waves  and  billows  had  gone  over  him. 
My  own  faith,"  said  this  sweet  girl  to  me 
Bernard,  "was  shaken  to  the  foundation. 
Sad  not  God  promised  to  be  with  his  peo- 
Dlc  '  even  to  old  age' — '  to  grej'  hairs' — '  in  the 
valley  and  shadow  of  death  V  And  yet  here 
A'as  my  precious  father,  whose  memory 
(careely  reached  to  a  time  when  he  did  not 
ove  and  serve  God,  who  now  seemed  utterly 
brsaken  by  Him 


which  even  then  was  rising  for  him.  'Ah  !'  he 
said,  '  then  it  is  all  right ;  I  did  not  know  it 
was  my  Father's  doing.' 

"  From  this  moment  his  peace  was  unbroken. 
God  had  sent  his  messenger  with  a  simple 
spell — a  few  quaint  words  from  an  old  time 
writer;  the  pebbles  from  the  brook  ;  and  the 
last  attack  of  the  evil  one  was  defeated.  In 
a  few  days,  God's  weary  child  was  welcomed 
home." — Christian  Union. 

A  Good  Indian  Robbed. — An  Indian  of  the 
Piute  tribe  settled  on  a  piece  of  land  in  an 
out-of-the-way  corner,  about  forty  miles  from 
San  Bernardino,  California,  on  the  head  of 
Rock  Creek,  in  a  place  where  he  found  some 
water,  and  as  be  supposed  was  safe  from  in- 
trusion. He  built  here  for  himself  and  squaw 
a  little  hut,  carrying  all  the  material  on  his 
ack  for  the  same,  and  fitting  up  quite  a  com- 
fortable home.  He  worked  for  fifty  cents  a 
day,  and  earned  sufficient  money  to  get  some 
seed  barley,  and  at  infinite  labor  prepared  his 
land  and  put  in  a  crop,  and  patiently  worked 
and  watched  his  growing  crops,  upon  which 
he  was  depending  for  life.  A  short  time 
'nee  he  went  with  his  squaw  to  hunt  down 
deer.  He  was  gone  but  a  short  time,  and 
upon  his  return  he  was  confronted  by  a  man 
who  had  jumped  his  little  farm  and  stood 
in  the  door  of  his  house  with  a  pistol,  and 
threatened  to  shoot  the  owner  if  he  dared  to 
claim  what  by  the  most  laborious  toil  ho 
Weeks  passed.  I  could  not  pray  for  my  had  made  for  himself.  The  unfortunate  In- 
ather.  The  heavens  were  brass  above  me,  dian  was  driven  from  his  home  by  the  ma- 
tnd  I  could  only  stand  by,  dumb  ami  helpless,  rauder,  robbed  of  everything  he  possessed  on 
md  see  the  blackness  of  darkness  thicken  earth,  and  the  fellow  who  was  guilty  of  this 
iround  that  beloved  head.  outrage  is  now  harvesting  the  grain   which 

"One  bright  morning  I  went  to  his  bedside  the  poor  Indian  had  produced  by  the  hardest 
my  brother  having  spent  the  night  with  him)  of  manual  labor.  If  this  outraged  man  ap- 
ind  asked  how  he  felt.'  'lam  considerably 'peals  to  the  courts,  there  is  no  redress  for 
kveaker,' he  answered, '  but  that  would  notlhim;  if  he  does  as  a  white  man  would  do, 
trouble  me,  daughter,  if  I  were  only  at  peace  and  takes  justice  in  his  own  hands,  then  there 
(vrith  my  God.  I  am  not ;  and  oh,  it  is  dark,  will  be  an  outcry  against  the  savage  race,  and 
Brk,  dark  !'  My  angry  and  rebellious  heart  a  demand  for  their  extermination. — San  Ber- 
iould  find  no  words  of  comfort  for  him,  and  nardino  Times. 
I  was  glad  to  be  called  away  by  inquiries 


Items. 

Canadian  Methodist  Un 


ing  day,  to  arrange  matters  for  the  united 
church. 

Disestablishment  in  France.— In  an  article 
by  Reveillaud  in  his  paper  Le  Signal,  in  which 
he  warns  the  Reformed  Churches  ol  France 
to  prepare  for  disestablishment,  gradual  but 
inevitable,  he  says:  "Having  been  lately  in 
Scotland,  we  have  seen  with  our  own  eyes 
that  a  living  Evangelical  Church  has  nothing 
to  lose  and  much  to  gain  from  what  is  called 
there  'Disruption,'  but  what  we  here  call 
'separation  from  the  State.'  It  is  wonderful 
to  see  the  multitude  of  churches  and  schools 
which  have  sprung  up  on  the  soil  of  Scotland 
since  the  great  movement  of  1843,  which 
brought  out  the  'Free  Church  of  Scotland' 
from  the  'Established  Church  of  Scotland.' 
With  such  an  example  before  us,  along  with 
that  furnished  by  America,  it  is  impossible  to 
doubt  that  the  most  worthy  and  advantageous 
position  for  a  Christian  Church  to  occupy  is 
that  of  self-support,  receiving  neither  protec- 
tion nor  pay  from  the  State.  The  gate  by 
which  ourchurches  will  depart  from  officialism 
will  be  the  gate  of  liberty  ;  the  way  to  free 
pastures  in  which  they  may  breathe  with  joy- 
ful astonishment,  the  vivifying  air  of  liberty." 

The  Catholic  Bishop  of  Para  and  Amazonas 
proposes  to  build  a  floating  steam  cathedral 
to  navigate  the  streams  of  South  America, 
penetrating  the  interior  of  the  country  as  far 
as  Bolivia  and  Peru,  Ecuador.  Colombia  and 
Venezuela.  It  will  be  elaborately  furnished 
and  decorated,  to  impress  the  natives  with 
the  imposing  ritual  of  the  Church. 

( 'nmni  ( 'onvert. — The  agent  of  the  American 
Bible  Society  in  Japan,  in  a  recent  letter,  tells 
of  the  conversion  of  two  Coreans.  one  of  whom, 
named  Rijutei,  is  a  person  of  high  rank  in  his 
own  land.  He  is  an  intimate  personal  friend 
of  the  present  King  of  Corea.  When  the  re- 
bellion occurred  in  that  country  a  year  ago, 
Rijutei  saved  the  life  of  the  Queen,  and  the 
King  ottered  as  a  reward  to  give  him  any  rank 
or  honors  he  desired.  His  reply  was,  "I  only 
ask  to  be  permitted  to  go  to  japan  in  order 
that  I  may  study  and  see  the  civilization  of 
other  lands."  He  came,  not  as  an  official,  but 
to  study  in  private.  Following  the  advice  of 
a  former  embassador  from  Corea.  he  called 
upon  a  Christian  Japanese  to  learn  about 
Christianity.     He  was  deeply  impressed  with 


nade  at  the  hall  door  for  my  father's  health 
It  was  the  Episcopal  minister,  whose  fre- 
pient  visits  to  our  sick  father  had  proved  that       Canadian  Methodist  Union. — The  Christian 

is  Christian  love  was  not  bounded  by  church  'Advocate  states  that  for  several  months  great 

bits.  Thisday  I  felt  that  father  was  too  interest  has  been  felt  in  Canada  on  theTpro-, 
sveak  in  body  and  depressed  inspirit  to  see  posal  to  unite  the  different  denominations  of  the  truth.  Eijutei's  great  desi 
anybody,  and  after  a  few  words  of  kindly  Methodists.  Last  Eleventh  month,  represen-  the  Bible  to  his  people,  and  he  was  filled  with 
sympathy,  Dr.  P.  took  his  leave.  But  he  had  tatives  from  the  Methodist,  Methodist  Epis-  j°y  when  he  learned  what  the  American  Bible 
Scarcely  reached  the  gate  before  he  returned,  copal,  Primitive  Methodist,  and  Bible  Chris- j  Society  had  done  for  other  lands,  and  was 
ind  I  was  again  summoned  from  the  sick  Han  denominations  met  as  a  joint  committee,  ialso  ready  to  do  for  Corea.  He  has  entered 
room  to  see  him.  'My  dear.'  he  said,  'I  hope 'and  arrived  at  certain  conclusions  as  a  Basis  'upon  the  work  of  preparing  a  Chino-Corean 
YOU  will  pardon  my  persistence  when  I  tell 'of  union.  These  conclusions  were  then  re-  version  with  greatzeal.  Having  been  recently 
"y  I  am  so  anxious  to  see  your  father.  !ferred  to  the  different  societies  tor  their  action  [urged  to  return  home,  he  replied:  "  I  have  a 
This  morning,  I  felt  a  strong  impulse  to  come  thereon.  The  general  feeling  in  favor  of  the,  very  important  work  to  do  here  :  I  have  found 
ind  see  him;  afterwards,  from  some  motives 'union  is  very  strong,  but  there  has  been  some  something  that  is  better  for  me  and  for  our 
5f  convenience,  I  gave  up  the  intention  of  difference  of  opinion  on  the  details  of  the  pro-  j  people  than  railroads,  or  telegraphs,  or  steam- 
soming,  but  the  feeling  of  its  being  my  duty  posed  Basis,  especially  in  reference  to  a  Gen-  boats." 

3ecame  more  urgent,  and  even  after  I  left  your  eral  Superintendence',  the  admission  of  lay-       William  Bueknell,  a  wealthy  Baptist  manu- 
r  I  was  impelled  to  come  back  men  into  the  Annual  Conferences,  and  some  facturer  of  Philadelphia,  has  endowed  eleven 

I  no  longer  objected,  and  he  paid  father  a  [regulations  as  to  the  funds  for  superanuated  [$1,000  scholarships  in  Lewisburg  University 


short  visit,  concluding  it  with  a  fervent  pray- 
Something  in  this  prayer  moved  my  fa- 
iher  to  open  his  heart  to  Dr.  P.,  and  he  told 
him  of  bis  trouble,  saying  again, '  It  is  all  dark 
U-dark—  dark !' '  Is  it  so  ?'  said  his  visitor  ! '  but 
that  need  not  disturb  you  ;  don't  you  remem- 
ber that  an  old  commentator  says,  some  of  his 
fear  children  our  Father  puts  to  bed  in  the 
Brk?'     As  he  spoke  a  sudden  gleam  lighted 

ip  the  dear,  worn  face.     A  gleam?     Nay,  it 'fled  the  members  to  meet  the 
was  the  dawning  light  of  that    perfect   day  of  the  other  Methodist   bod' 


preachers  and  other  purposes..  It  appears,  [to  aid  student 
however,  to  have  been  finally  adopted  by  all   or  liquoi 
the  bodies  concerned.     In  the  General  Meth- 
odist Conference  there  was  much  discussion. 
Six    out    of  the    seven   Annual    Conferences 
which   compose   it   had   previously  accepted 
the  Basis.     When  the  final  vote  was  reached, 
there  were  123  yeas  to  38  nays  :  the  presiding  straight  and  whit 
officer  declared  the  motion  carried,  and  noti-l  umn,  and  often  moret 
3sen tatives  Each  of  the  fans  th: 
the  follow-  leaves  Covers  a   semi 


:lo  not  use  tobacco,  wine 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

The  Talipot  Palm.— This  palm  is  the  queen 

"n  Ceylon.     Its  trunk  is  perfectly 

'snder  marble  col- 

undredfeet  high. 


of  the  tribe 


of  fremi   12  to  lti 


78 


THE    FRIEND. 


feet  radius.  They,  like  every  part  of  tbe 
plant,  have  their  uses,  particularly  for  thatch- 
ing root's;  but  they  are  more  famous  because 
they  were  formerly  used  exclusively  instead 
of  paper  by  the  people  of  Ceylon,  and  even 
now  often  serve  this  purpose.  The  ancient 
manuscripts  in  the  Buddha  monasteries  are  all 
written  with  an  iron  stylus  on  this  paper,  made 
of  narrow  strips  of  talipot  leaves  boiled  and 
then  dried.  The  talipot  palm  flowers  but  once 
in  its  life,  usually  between  its  fiftieth  and 
eightieth  year.  The  tall  pyramidal  spike  ofi 
bloom  rises  immediately  above  the  sheaf  of 
leaves  to  a  height  of  30  or  40  feet,  and  is  com- 
posed of  myriads  of  small  yellowish-white 
blossoms;  as  soon  as  the  nuts  are  ripe,  the 
tree  dies. 

Collecting  Objects  of  Natural  History  in 
Ceylon. — "  I  found  a  number  of  fisher-boys 
read}-  to  collect  for  me,  and  dealing  for  natu- 
ral curiosities  with  the  Cingbaleso  children 
soon  becamean  amusing  business.  Sometimes 
a  whole  troop  of  the  pretty  little  brown  things 
would  make  their  appearance.  One  would 
bring  a  few  bright-colored  fishes  or  crabs, 
another  a  large  star-fish  or  sea-urehin,  a  third 
a  scorpion  or  a  millipede,  a  fourth  some  bril- 
liant butterfly  or  beetle,  etc.  They  quietly 
laid  their  treasures  before  me,  and  waited  in 
silence  to  hear  wiiat  I  would  give  them. 

"Unfortunately  I  had  neither  time  nor 
means  for  preserving  in  a  satisfactory  state 
all  the  interesting  specimens  of  various  kinds 
which  I  thus  obtained.  The  difficulties  aris- 
ing from  tropical  heat  and  the  destructive 
insects  were  peculiarly  annoying — above  all 
the  swarms  of  ants  and  termites.  Not  a  place 
is  safe  from  their  attacks.  They  make  their 
way  down  through  the  roof  as  easily  as  through 
the  partitions,  or  up  through  tbe  floor,  which 
they  undermine  most  cleverly.  The  vigor 
and  rapidity  with  which  these  minute  enemies 
carry  out  the  work  of  destruction,  often  in  a 
very  few  days,  I  was  destined  to  learn  within 
a  month  of  my  arrival.  In  the  course  of  these 
four  weeks  I  had  formed  a  very  pretty  collec- 
tion of  butterflies  and  beetles,  skins  of  birds 
and  beasts,  interesting  fruits,  woods,  ferns, 
and  other  dried  plants,  and  had  locked  them 
up   in   seeming  security  in   an   outhouse.     I 

looked  at  them  al st  daily,  to  see  that  no 

foe  had  intruded  to  damage  them,  and  at  once 
put  to  rout  the  reconnoitring  parties  of  ants 
and  vanguard  of  termites,  which  now  and 
then  made  their  appearance.  By  a  lavish 
use  of  camphor,  napthaline  and  carbolic  acid, 
I  believed  1  had  completely  secured 


n  res 
whit 
and 
my  1 


A  few  longe 
I  made  at  tin 
■cssing  work  < 
.kin-  over  th 


tli 


my  treas- 
howevcr, 
rth  week, 
irevented 
ir   two  or 


three  days.  How  startled  I  was  when,  onh 
three  days  alter,  I  went  into  my  museum  an( 
found  th'e  larger  part  of  my  collected  treas 
ures  reduced  to  a  heap  of  dust  and  mildew 
Several  regiments  of  large  red  ants,  entering 
from  the  roof,  hail  effected  a  combined  attach 
with  a  division  of  smaller  black  ants  arriving 
throned]  the  walls,  and  reinforced  by  a  legioi 
of  termites  from  the  ground— the  results  wen 
disastrous!"— Haeckel's  Travels  in  Ceylon. 

Mental  Overwork.— There  unquestionably  i; 
such  a  thing  as  overwork-  of  the  brain  ;  but  ii 
is  by  no  moans  so  common  a  thing  as  is  claim 
ed  or  supposed — especially  in  a  grown  person 
with  children  the  danger  is  more  imminent 
A  little  worry  in  connection  with  a  smal 
amount  of  work,  by  one   in    mature  years,  it 


far  more  likely  to  overtax  the  brain,  or  to 
break  down  the  worker,  than  a  great  deal  of 
work  without  worry.  And  if  a  man  taxes  his 
brain  with  alcohol  or  tobacco,  it  is  of  no  use 
for  Mm  to  lay  his  brain  troubles  to  any  legiti- 
mate work  of  the  brain  ;  nor  is  it  right  for  the 
friends  of  such  a  man,  when  ho  has  broken 
down,  to  talk  of  his  failure  as  occasioned  by 
overwork  of  his  brain.  Moreover,  there  is  a 
great  deal  less  danger  from  hard  and  steady 
brain-work,  than  from  brain  indolence  or  from 
irregular  work  of  the  brain.  All  statistics  go 
to  show,  that  the  larger  percentage  of  insane 
patients  are  from  classes  in  the  community 
doing  least  brain  work  ;  and  that  those  whose 
brains  are  worked  most  steadil}7  and  severely, 
live  longest,  as  a  class,  in  comparison  with 
other  classes.  Men  who  are  afraid  of  dj-ing 
from  overwork  of  their  brains,  would  com- 
monly improve  their  prospects  of  a  long  life 
if  they  would  work  their  brains  more,  and 
worry  less  about  their  brains. — S.  S.  Times. 

New  Source  of  Caoutchouc. — The  attention 
of  the  Indian  Government  has  been  drawn  to 
a  new  plant,  which  is  common  in  Southern 
India,  and  yields  abundant  supplies  of  pure 
caoutchouc.  It  is  an  apocynaceous  plant  call- 
ed Prameria  glandulifera,  the  native  habitat  of 
which  appears  to  be  in  the  forests  of  Cochin 
China,  whore  the  liquid  juice  is  often  employ- 
ed in  medicine  by  Anamites  and  Cambodians. 

A  steamboat  made  almost  entirely  of  paper 
is  about  to  be  launched  on  the  Ohio  river.  It 
is  twent}'  feet  long  and  can  carry  several  tons. 
The  sheathing  is  of  solid  paper,  threc-eigbths 
of  an  inch  thick-. 

Absorbing  Power  of  Water. — Set  a  pitcher 
of  iced  water  in  a  room  inhabited,  and  in  a 
few  hours  it  will  have  absorbed  from  the  room 
some  of  the  respired  and  perspired  gases,  the 
air  will  havo  become  purer,  but  the  water 
more  impure.  This  depends  on  the  fact  that] 
water  has  the  faculty  of  condensing,  and 
thereby  absorbing  gases,  which  it  does  with- 
out increasing  its  own  bulk.  The  colder  the 
water  is,  the  greater  its  capacity  to  contain; 
these  gases.  Hence  water  kept  in  a  room 
awhile,  is  always  unfit  for  use,  and  should  be 
often  renewed,  whether  it  becomes  warm  or| 
not.  And  for  the  same  reason  the  water  in 
a  pump  stock  should  all  be  pumped  out  in  the 
morning  before  any  is  used.  That  which  has 
stood  in  the  pitcher  over  night  is  not  fit  for 
cooking  water  in  the  morning.  Impure  wa- 
ter is  more  injurious  to  the  health  than  im- 
pure air,  and  every  person  should  provide  the 
means  of  obtaining  fresh,  pure  water  for  do- 
mestic use. — Selected. 

Poisonous  Leaves. — Some  of  our  most  ad- 
mired flowers  are  associated  with  green  leaves 
of  a  poisonous  character,  which  are  sometimes 
eaten  by  young  children  to  their  serious  in- 
jury. The  long  narrow  leaves  of  the  Daffodil 
act  as  an  irritant  poison.  The  leaves  of  the 
Aconite,  or  Monks  hood,  and  of  the  Fox  Glove, 
are  deadly  poisons.  Among  those  which  should 
be  avoided  as  injurious,  are  various  species  of 
Crowfoot  (  Eqnunculus),  wild  Hemlock,  Night- 
shade. Henbane.  Thorn  Apple,  or  .1  amestown 
Weed,  Holly  leaves,  and   Elder  leaves. 

Snake  J 1  mulling.—-  1  send  you  a  note  illus- 
trative of  the  danger  of  handling  certain  kinds 
ofanakes.  Out  here  [in  India]  individuals  of 
one  sect  of  fakirs— religious  mendicants— are 
frequently  met  with  wearing  young  and  tame 
pythons  as  necklaces.  One  such  animal  look 
the  fancy  of  an  officer,  and  for  a  few  rupees 
was   transferred  from  the  fakir's  neck  to  his; 


and  for  some  time  both  were  on  very  goocf 
terms.  One  day  our  friend  sat  down  to  break  I 
fast  with  the  python  round  his  neck,  a  thing! 
he  had  never  before  done  ;  the  tail  of  the  ani-j 
mal  came  across  the  arm  of  the  chair  and  in-j 
stinctively  coiled  round  it.  The  leverage  thus 
obtained  seemed  to  revive  its  memories  oi 
victim-squeezing,  and  in  a  moment  the  oflicei 
was  in  the  pangs  of  strangulation,  bound  fast 
to  his  chair.  But  he  retained  his  nerve  ;  with 
the  left  hand  he  seized  the  reptile's  head,  and 
with  his  right  hand  grasped  a  table-knife,  and 
was  just  able  to  inflict  agash  behind  its  head; 
and  then  the  suffocating  coils  fell  slack.  The 
officer  was  afterwards  found  prostrate  on  thel 
floor  in  a  faint,  from  which  he  only  recovered; 
to  bo  seized  with  brain-fever,  the  delirium] 
of  which  was  occupied  with  encounters  with! 
serpents.  In  course  of  time  he  recovered. — j 
<  'hambers'  Journal. 


THE    FRIEND. 


TENTH  MONTH  13,  1883. 


The  testimony  of  our  early  Friends  as  to.| 
the  way  of  salvation  was  remarkably  clear 
and  plain.  George  Fox  sa}Ts  in  his  journal, 
'•  The  Lord  God  opened  to  me  by  his  invisible 
power,  how  'every  man  was  enlightened  by 
the  divine  light  of  Christ.'  I  saw  it  shin* 
through  all,  and  that  they  that  believed  in  it 
came  out  of  condemnation  to  the  light  of  life, 
and  became  the  children  of  it ;  but  they  that 
hated  it,  and  did  not  believe  in  it,  were  con-r 
demned  by  it,  though  they  made  a  profession 
of  Christ." 

I  was  sent  to  turn  people  from  darkness  to 
the  light,  that  they  might  receive  Cbrisij 
Jesus ;  for  to  as  many  as  should  receive  Him 
in  his  light,  I  saw  He  would  give  power  to 
become  the  sons  of  God."  "I  was  to  turn 
them  to  tbe  grace  of  God  and  to  the  truth  in 
the  heart,  which  came  by  Jesus  ;  that,  by  this 
grace  they  might  be  taught,  which  would 
bring  them  salvation." 

;I  I  saw  Christ  died  for  all  men,  was  a  pro- 
pitiation for  all,  and  enlightened  all  men  and 
women  with  his  divine  and  saving  light;  and 
that  none  could  be  true  believers,  but  those 
who  believed  therein." 

"  When  the  Lord  God  and  his  Son  Jesus 
Christ  sent  me  forth  into  the  world  to  preacbi 
his  everlasting  gospel  and  kingdom,  I  was 
glad  that  I  was  commanded  to  turn  people  to 
that  inward  light,  spirit  and  grace,  by  whichs 
all  might  know  their  salvation,  and  their  way 
to  God."  His  journal  shows  how  faithfully 
he  fulfilled  this  commission.  At  Beverly,  he 
says,  "  I  was  moved  to  speak  to  the  people  in 
the  mighty  power  of  God,  and  turned  them 
to  their  teacher,  Christ  Jesus."  At  a  steeple-] 
house  not  far  distant,  he  records,  "I  directed 
the  people  from  darkness  to  the  light,  and  to) 
the  grace  of  God  that  would  teach  them  and 
bring  them  salvation;  to  the  Spirit  of  God  in 
their  inward  parts  which  would  bo  a  free, 
teacher  unto  them."  At  Cleveland,  "  I  di- 
rected them  to  their  teacher  within,  Chrisd 
Jesus." 

A  multitude  of  similar  passages  might  be 
selected  from  his  journal,  showing  that  the 
tenor  and  drift  of  his  ministry  was  to  turn 
the  attention  of  his  hearers  to  the  Light, 
power  and  Spirit  of  God  operating  in  their 
hearts;  that  through  it  they  might  obtain 
salvation.     The  same   remark   may   truly  be 


THE    FRIEND. 


79 


oadc  of  our  early  Friends  in  a  general  way. 
Villiam  Perm  says  of  his  fellow-laborers : 
:  Their  testimony  was  to  the  principle  of  God 
n  man,  the  precious  pearl  aud  leaven  of 
he  kingdom,  as  the  only  blessed  means  ap- 
tointed  of  God  to  quicken,  convince  and  sauc- 
ily man."  And  he  further  says  that  "the 
jight  of  Christ  within,  as  God's  gift  for  man's 
alvation"  is  "  their  fundamental  principle, 
vhich  is  as  the  corner-stone  of  their  fabric." 

All  this  was  in  accordance  with  the  testi- 
nony  of  Scripture,  which  declares  that  Christ 

the  light  of  the  world  ;  that  all  men  are  en- 
ightened  by  this  light;  that  by  walking  in 
his  light  we  know  His  blood  to  cleanse  us 
rom  all  sin  ;  that  rejecting  it  is  the  cause  of 
londemnation  ;  that  this  Grace  of  God  brings 
is  salvation  and  teaches  us  what  to  forsake 
tnd  how  to  live,  &c. 

This  doctrine  was  so  marked  a  character- 
stic  of  the  teaching  of  the  early  members  of 
>ur  Society,  that  no  one  who  rejects  it  has  a 
•ight  to  claim  to  belong  to  the  same  house- 
lold  of  faith  ;  or  to  be  recognized  as  such  by 
hose  who  believe  that  our  forefathers  in  the 
Pruth  were  led  by  the  Spirit  to  proclaim  it 
o  widely  and  successfully  among  the  pro- 
of their  day.  In  his  Christian  Quaker, 
Bt,and 


things  were  made,  and  who  in  all  ages  has 
been  the  Eedeemer  and  Sanctifler  of  his  peo- 
ple. There  are  many  Scriptures  which  show 
that  He  operated  on  the  heart  of  man  before 
his  coming  in  the  flesh — such  as  the  following: 
Moses  said  to  the  children  of  Israel,  ''The 
Word  is  very  nigh  unto  thee,  in  thy  mouth, 
and  in  thy  heart,  that  thou  mayestdoit."  Dent, 
xxx.  14.  Job  says  of  wicked  men,  "They 
are  of  those  that  rebel  against  the  Light," 
(Job  xxiv.  13),  which  implies  that  they  must 
have  had  the  Light.  And  the  same  patriarch 
thus  expresses  himself  when  in  deep  trouble, 
"  0  that  I  were  as  in  months  past,  in  the  day 
when  God  preserved  me,  when  his  candle 
shined  upon  my  head,  and  when  by  his  Light 
I  walked  through  darkness.  (Job  xxix.  3.) 
The  Psalmist  sweetly  declares,  "The  Lord  is 
my  Light  and  my  salvation,  whom  shall  I 
fear?"  Ps.  xxvii.  1.  Nehemiah  says,  (eh.  ix. 
v.  20,)  "  Thou  gavest  also  thy  Good  Spirit  to 
instruct  them."  The  martyr  Stephen  testi 
tied  to  the  Jews,  "Ye  do  always  resist  the 
Holy  Ghost,  As  your  fathers  did,  so  do  y 
"By  which,"  adds  W.  Penn,  "it  is  plain  that 
the  rebellious  Jews  had  the  Spirit  of  God. 
Ami  if  the  rebellious  bad  it,  the  obedient  were 
not  without  it."  Our  Saviour  himself  said, 
•■  Every  one  that  doeth  evil  hateth  the  light, 
neither  cometb  to  the  light,  lest  his  deeds 
should  be  reproved.  (John  iii.  20.)  The 
Apostle  Paul,  speaking  of  both  Jews  and  Gen- 
tiles, said,  "That  which  may  be  known  of  God 
is  manifested  in  them."  (liom.  i.  19);  and 
when  writing  to  the  Corinthians  wishes  them 

same  spiritual  drink  ;  for  they  drank  of  that 
spiritual  rock  that  followed  them;  aifcl  that 
rock  was  Christ."  (1  Cor.  x.  4.) 

And   as  at  any  time  disobedient  men  have 
hearkened  to  the  voice  of  Christ  in  their  hearts, 


ently-  rob  the  holy  body  of  whatsoever  ac- 
knowledgment is  justly  due,  not  yet  separate 
that  which  God  hath  joined:"  "For  I  do 
freely  acknowledge  the  holy  manhood  to  have 
been,  in  some  sense,  a  co-worker  and  partner 
with  the  Divine  Life  in  those  trials,  weights, 
sufferings,  and  travails  for  mankind."  "  We 
reverently  confess  the  holy  manhood  was  in- 
strumentally  a  Saviour,  as  prepared  and  chosen 
for  the  work  that  Christ  had  then  to  do  in  it, 
which  was  actually7  to  the  salvation  of  some, 
and  intentionally  of  the  whole  world,  then 
and  in  ages  to  come;  suitable  to  that  Scrip- 
ture, '  Lo  in  the  volume  of  the  book  it  is  writ- 
ten, I  come  to  do  thy  will,  0  God,  a  body 
hast  thou  prepared  me.'"  He  further  bears 
witness  to  the  propitiation  through  the  blood 
of  that  body  of  Christ,  which  "was  a  most 
precious  offering  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord," 
that  redemption  and  remission  through  it  are 
lo  be  preached  ;  and  that  through  the  coming 
and  sufferings  of  Christ,  exceeding  great  and 
precious  gifts  were  obtained  for  man.  But 
he  continually  keeps  in  view  the  truth  which 
his  treatise  is  designed  to  enforce— that  Christ 
himself,  the  Eternal  Word,  both  with  refer- 
ence to  his  own  bodily  appearance,  and  in  the 
ministry  of  bis  servants,  is  the  only  efficient 
cause  of  salvation,  as  revealed  and  obej-ed  in 
the  consciences  of  men — and  that  the  real 
question  is  not,  Whether  the  Quakers  deny 
any  benefit  to  redound  by  Christ's  bodily 
Bufferings  (which  they  have' never  done);  but, 
Whether  other  "professors  allow  and  ac- 
knowledge the  main  of  the  work  to  the  Li- 
vine  life  and  light?" 

William  Penn,  towards  the  conclusion  of 
his  argument,  thus  briefly  states  the  case: — 
"In  short,  [Christ]  was  the  general  Saviour 
in  that  eminent  appearance  at  Jerusalem,  in 
which  He  did  so  many  great  and  good  things 


Villiam  Penn  reviews  the  whol 
tates  the  views  of  Friends  on  this  important 
Bint.     We  shall  endeavor  briefly-  to  set  forth 
lis  line  of  statement  and  argument,  as  fol- 
3ws : — ■ 

The  Light  of  Christ  within  is  that  by  which 
lan's  salvation  is  effected.  Salvation  is,  being 
,ved  from  sin  here,  and  the  wages  of  it, 
hich  is  wrath  to  come;  for  none  will  be 
aved  from  eternal  wrath  and  vengeance  but 
hose  who  are  freed  here  from  the  power, 
ature  and  defilement  of  sin. 

William  Penn  quotes  the  declaration  of  the 
Lpostle  John, — "  This,  then,  is  the  message  which  reproves  for  sin  ;  so,  upon  true  broken-  for  mankind;    and    an    effectual    Saviour  to 
vhich  we  have  heard  of  Him  and  declare  unto  ness  of  soul  and  contrition  of  spirit,  He  has  every  particular  person,  as   we  find   Him 

That   God  is  Light,  and  in   Him  is  no  mediated  and  atoned,  and  God  has  been  pro-  our  hearts,  an   holy  Light;  showing 
larkness   at  all.     If  we  say  we  have  fellow-- .pitious,  lifting  up  the  light  of  his  countenance  proving  for  it,  and   converting  from  it, 
hip  with  Him,  and  walk  in  darkness,  we  lie,  on  such  humble  penitents.    "This," says  Win.  the  holy  nature  of  the  Light,  Christ  Jesus.' 
nd  do  not  the  truth  ;  but  if  we  walk  in  the  Penn,  "in  some  measure  was  witnessed  by |      The    Soc 
jight,  as  He  is  in  the  Light,  we  have  fellow-|the  holy-  patriarchs,  prophets  and  servants  obtained,  in  c 
hip  one  with  another,  and  the  blood  of  Jesus  God  in  old  time,  to  whom  Christ  was  substan-  Christian  C 
Christ  his  Son  cleanseth  us  from  all  sin."         jtially  the  same  Saviour,  and  Seed   bruising  and  offices 
Here,"   says   William   Penn,   "is   a   brief  j  the  serpent's  head,  that  He  now  is  to  us,  what!  New   Tests 
ing  of  the  whole  great  case  of  salvation  :  difference  soever  there  may   be  in  point  of 
11.)   What  God  is;  Light.    (2.)  Who  they  are  i  manifestation." 

Bat  can  have  no  fellowship  with  Him  ;  such  The  objection  has  been  made  by  some  to 
,s  walk  in  darkness,  that  is,  sin.  (3.)  Who  this  doctrine  of  the  Light,  and  it  was  frc- 
bey  are  that  have  fellowship  with  Him  ; 'quently  urged  by  the  opposers  of  our  early 
uch  as  walk  in  the  Light  as  He  is  in  the  j  Friends,  that  it  invalidates  the  life,  death,  re - 
ght.  (4.)  The  reason,  why,  is  given;  be-  surrection,  ascension  and  mediation  of  the 
ause  such  as  walk  in  the  light,  are  therein  Man,  Christ  Jesus.  To  this  Win.  Penn  re- 
ure  to  feel  the  virtue  of  Christ's  blood,  to  plies,  that  the  same  Christ  which  had  been 
leanse  them  from  all  unrighteousness.  Where  the  Saviour  of  the  holy  men  of  former  ages, 
bserve,  that  the  Light's  leading  us  out  of  clothed  Himself  with  that  outward  body,  and 
arkness,  that  is,  unrighteousness,  is  the  same  |did  eminently  show  forth  himself  therein, 
hing  with  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleans-  "  so  that  what  He  then  suffered  and  did  in 

g  from  all  sin  :  sin  and  darkness;  and  to  be  that  transcendent  manifestation,  may,  by  way 
leansed  from  the  one,  and  to  be  translated  of  eminency  have  the  credit  of  the  whole 
rom  the  other,  is,  in  the  text,  equivalent ;)  work  unto  itself  that  He  ever  did  before,  or 
itherwise,  a  man  might  be  delivered  from  ;  might  do  afterwards  for  man's  salvation.  For 
arkness  and  walk  in  the  light,  and  not  be  doubtless  the  very  same  light,  life  and  power, 
leansed  from  sin  which  is  that  darkness :  a  which  dwelt  in  that  fleshly  tabernacle,  erni 
tine  absurd  and  impossible.     In  short,  they  nently    was   the   convincer,   condemner 


Sa- 


;o  together."  viour  and  Eedeemer;  yet  not  only  as  confined 

"By  this  it  is  evident,  that  the  light  being  to  that  blessed  body,  but  also  as  revealed  in 
alked  in,  doth  directly  lead  to  God  and  fel-tthe  hearts  of  men."     Though  William  Penn 

awship  with  Him,  and  consequently  to  sal-  regarded  the  invisible,  spiritual,  divine  Life, 

ation;  for  that  is  salvation."  las  the  root  and  fountain  of  all  the  blessings 

This  divine  and  saving  Light  is  the  spiritual  flowing  to  us  from   the  outward  coming  of 

lanifestation  of  Christ  himself,  by  whom  all  Christ,  yet  he  says,  "  We  would  not  irrever- 


1-  riends  have  ever  main- 
with  most  branches  of  the 
a  firm  belief  in  the  Divinity 
Saviour,  as  set  forth  in  the 
and  of  the  benefit  to  our 
flowing  therefrom  ;  but  they  have 
been  distinguished  from  many  others,  by  a 
more  full  recognition  of  the  essential  truth, 
that  the  only  way  in  which  any  can  receive 
the  full  benefit  of  that  wonderful  manifesta- 
tion of  Divine  love,  is  by  coming  to  Christ  as 
revealed  in  their  own  hearts;  showing  their 
faith  in  Him  by  submission  to  his  govern- 
ment; and,  through  his  power  and  operation, 
experiencing  the  "  washing  of  regeneration," 
becoming  "washed,  sanctified  and  justified." 
It  has  been  objected,  that  some  who  profess 
a  belief  in  the  Light  of  Christ,  yet  deny  Him 
in  his  outward  appearance.  But,  as  it  is  said 
by  the  Apostle  Paul,  "No  man  speaking  by 
the  Spirit  calleth  Jesus  accursed,"  so,  it  is  im- 
possible that  the  voice  of  Christ  in  the  heart 
of  any  man  should  lead  him  to  deny  Himself 
in  his  outward  appearance.  Therefore  our 
Society-  unhesitatingly  adopts  the  doctrine  of 
the  Apostle  John  (1  John  iv.  iii.,)  "Every 
spirit  that  confesseth  not  that  Jesus  Christ  is 
come  in  the  flesh  is  not  of  God."  Indeed,  it 
is  He  himself,  by  his  inward  work  on  the 
heart,  that  gives  that  living  faith  in  Him,  to 
which  the  promises  of  Scripture  are  appli- 
cable. 


SO 


THE    FRIEND. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The   total   coinage  of  the  U.  S 
Mints  .luring  Dili  in...  was  valued  at  $5,276,210,  includ- 


The  am. unit  < if"  head  tax  mi  immigrants,  collected  at 
the  port  of  Philadelphia  during  9tli  month,  was $852.50. 
The  total  amount  of  this  tax  collected  at  all  the  ports 
in  the  United  Slates  since  the  passage  of  the  Immigra- 
tion act  of  8th  mo.  1882,  is  estimated  at  $225,000. 

The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  beginningof  organized 
anti-Slavery  work  in  New  York  city,  and  of  the  forma- 
tion of  the  New  York  Anti-Slavery  Society,  was  cele- 
brated with  appropriate  ceremonies  and  exercises  on 
Third-day  of  last  week,  in  the  Broadway  Tabernacle. 

Representatives  of  free  trade  organizations  through- 
out the  United  States  met  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  inst.  in 
convention  in  St.  Louis.  Ex-Governor  Phelps  opened 
the  convention,  and  several  delegates  spoke  in  favor  of 
a  "  Northwestern  and  Mississippi  Valley  Free  Trade 
League."  A  Committee  of  Organization  was  appointed. 
There  was  a  long  debate  between  some  of  the  members 
•who  insisted  upon  absolute  free  trade,  and  others  who 
favored  "an  attempt  to  eliminate  protection  as  the  first 
step."  The  latter  prevailed,  and  an  address  to  the  peo- 
ple of  the  country  was  adopted,  declaring  that  "  protec- 
tion was  a  ruinous  measure,"  and  that  "all  possible 
means  should  be  taken  to  abolish  it  immediately."  It 
was  agreed  to  establish  a  literary  bureau  for  the  en- 
lightenment of  the  press  generally,  "  but  more  especial- 
ly the  country  papers."  After  the  adjournment  a  Mis- 
souri Free  Trade  League  was  funned,  with  Kx-Governor 
Phelps  as  President. 

An  election  was  held  in  Ohio  on  Third-day,  9th  inst., 
for  State  officers  and  members  of  the  Legislature. 
Three  amendments  to  the  Constitution  were  voted  on, 
one  changing  the  judiciary  system,  one  regulating 
liquor  traffic,  and  one  prohibiting  liquor  traffic. 

The  Pittsburg  Exposition  buildings,  in  Allegheny 
City,  were  destroyed  by  lire  on  Fourth-day,  3rd  inst., 
early  in  the  morning.  The  loss  is  estimated  at  $1,- 
000,000. 

A  letter  has  been  received  in  Boston  from  Henry  M. 
Stanley,  dated  from  Stanley  Pool,  Congo  river.  Stanley 
says  he  arrived  on  the  Congo  last  12th  month,  and  has 
been  up  as  far  as  the  Equator,  and  has  established  two 
more  stations,  besides  discovering  another  lake.  He 
has  explored  for  a  distance  of  a  hundred  miles  or  so  the 
river  on  his  map  as  the  Ikeleuibu,  but  which  is  really 
the  Malumnda.  It  is  not  as  large  as  he  stated,  but  is  a 
stream  of  the  size  of  the  Arkansas. 

The  two  hundredth  anniversary  celebration  of  the 
landing  of  the  first  German  pioneers  in  Philadelphia, 
was  begun  on  Seventh-day  evening  last,  followed  on 
First-day  by  religious  observances  of  the  evenf  in  all 
the  German  places  of  worship  in  the  city.  On  Second- 
day  the  celebration  was  continued  by  a  street  parade, 
concluding  on  Third-day  with  a  picnic. 

The  Bi-Ceiitennial  celebration  of  German  coloniza- 
tion of  the  United  States  was  also  observed  in  Wash- 
ington, Pittsburg,  Erie,  Newark,  New  Jersey  ;  Trenton, 
New  Jersey  ;   Providence,   Rhode   Island,  and   other 


The  d< 

mo.  (iih, 
the  week 
sponding 
109  fema 

disease, 
Murke 

120f;  3'i 
Cottor 

price  or 


1'hila 


hia  for  the  week  ending  10th 
lieh  was  5  less  than  during 
less  than  during  the  corre- 

Tbere  were  150  males  and 
il  causes  of  death  were,  con- 

16  ;    marasmus,   19  ;   heart 


a,  53;    diphl 

13;  croup,  12  ;  convulsions  12,  and  apoplexy,  9. 
ts,  &c—  V.  S.  4J's,  113$  a  114,5;  4's,  120]  a 
S  reg.,  100.!  a  101 ;  currency  6's,  129  a  133. 
i. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice  in 
demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
.is.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 
Petroleum.-  Standard  white,  8J  a  8g  cts.  for  export, 
and  '.I1,  a  9;  els.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull   but,  juices  remain  about  the 

Minnesota  extrasat  $5,75  a  S6.25  ;  Pennsylvania  family 

at  $5  a  $5.12^  I  western  do.,  at  $5.50  a  $6.  and  patent's 
at  SO  a  $7.50.     Rye  (lour  is  firm  at  $1  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  is  dull  and  lie.  lower.  Sales  of  9000 
bushels  red,  in  car  lots,  at  $1.01  a  $1.18.  Rye  is  nom- 
inal at  05  cts.  per  bushel.  Cocn  is  dull  and  easier. 
Sales  of  10,000  bushels  in  lots,  at  56j  a  60  cts.  Oats 
are  in  light  request  and  weaker.  Sales  of  1 2,000  bushels 
in  lots,  at  34  a  38J  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market,  for  the  week  ending  10th  mo. 
6th,  1883.  — Loads  of  hay,  304;  loads  of  straw,  40. 
Average  price  during  the  week — Prime  timothy,  SO 
a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  a  fraction  higher:  3500  head  arrived 


and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4|-  a  6}  cts.  per  lb., 
to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  rather  lower  :  14,000  head  i 
rived  and  sold  at  2  a  5)  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3J  a  7j  cts. 
per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  demand :  6500  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  the  different  yards  at  7  a  7J  cts.  per  lb.  as  to  quality 
_  Foreign. — Sir  Stafford  Northcote,  in  a  speech  de- 
livered at  a  dinner  in  Belfast  recently,  censured  the 
foreign  and  home  policy  of  the  Government,  The 
latter,  he  asserted,  conceded  too  much  to  the  Radical 
and  Paruellites.  He  asserted  that  Parnell  sought  to 
draw  near  to  the  Liberal  party  again  only  to  accom- 
plish his  purpose,  which  was  to  destroy  English  con- 
nection with  Ireland.  His  object,  he  hoped,  would  be 
frustrated,  and  he  declared  that  it  would  be,  if  the  mem- 
bers of  the  House  of  Commons  stood  true  to  their  prin- 
ciples. 

It  is  now  asserted  that  Joseph  Smith,  Joseph  Hanlon 
and  Michael  Kavanagh,  informers  in  the  Phoenix  Park 
murder  trials,  who  were  not  permitted  to  land  in  Mel- 
bourne, will  go  to  India,  where  James  Carey  had  de- 
cided to  go  until  he  was  dissuaded  therefrom  by  his 
wife.  It  is  reported  that  Carey  was  offered  a  clerkship 
in  the  new  barracks  at  Kurrachee. 

Postmaster  General  Fawcett  announces  that  it  is  not 
intended  by  the  Government,  after  8th  mo.  1884,  to  re- 
new the  present  contracts  for  the  conveyance  of  mails 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  The 
mails  thereafter  will  be  despatched  as  now,  thrice 
weekly  from  Queenstown,  but  instead  of  making  long 
contracts,  the  Department  will,  month  by  month,  select 
the  most  efficient  vessels  for  their  transmission. 

Affairs  in  France  since  the  demonstration  against 
King  Alfonso  have  remained  in  an  unsettled  condition. 
For  a  time  Spain  seemed  to  be  much  incensed  at  the 
hostile  reception  of  their  sovereign,  and  regarded  the 
outbreak  as  directed  as  much  against  themselves  as 
against  the  king.  They  seemed  disposed  to  demand 
that  an  apology  which  President  Grevy  had  offered  to 
Alfonso,  should  be  published  in  full,  together  with  the 
reply  of  Alfonso.  But  it  soon  became  evident  to  all 
parties  that  the  insults  which  attended  the  entry  of 
Alfonso  into  Paris,  instead  of  representing  the  feelings 
of  France  towards  Spain  or  the  Spanish  ruler,  were 
merely  the  unrestrained  excitement  of  a  Parisian  mob. 

The  unsettlement  which  existed  in  France  was  in- 
creased by  the  resignation,  on  the  5th  inst.,  of  General 
Thibaudin,  Minister  of  War.  But  although  at  the 
time  his  resignation  was  rather  unexpected,  yet  it  was 
thought  to  be  beneficial  to  the  peace  of  Europe,  as  well 
as  to  lessen  the  breach  between  France  and  Spain.  For 
General  Thibaudin,  although  in  war  his  policy  was 
vigorous,  yet  in  time  of  peace  he  seems  to  have  been 
continually  anxious  to  provoke  war.  The  Philadelphia 
Ledger,  commenting  on  the  resignation  of  Thibaudin, 
says,  that  "  Fiance  will  probably  be  better  off  with  some 
less  radical  Minister  of  War  than  General  Thibaudin. 
That  is  one  of  the  cabinet  offices  that  should  be  con- 
ducted with  the  greatest  discretion  in  time  of  peace, 
though  it  is  a  good  thing  to  have  a  strong  man  or  radi- 
cal at  its  head  in  time  of  war." 

A  despatch  from  Paris  dated  10th  mo.  8th,  slates 
that  General  Lewal,  commanding  a  division  of  the  17th 
Army  Corps,  has  declined  the  office  of  Minister  of  War. 
General  Saussier  has  not  yet  replied  to  a  letter  ad- 
dressed to  him  by  Prime  Minister  Ferry  on  the  subject 
of  accepting  the  post. 

The  German  Government  has  prohibited  the  impor- 
tation of  swine  from  Russia  to  Germany. 

Owing  to  repeated  anti-Jewish  disorders  in  Ekater- 
inoslav  and  other  districts  of  South  Russia,  martial  law 
has  been  proclaimed  there. 

The  Journal,  de  Si.  Petersburg  denies  the  report  tele- 
graphed from  Vienna  9th  mo.  24th,  that  Russia  is 
making  military  preparations  on  the  Austrian  and  Ger- 
man frontiers,  and  that  two  army  corps  are  distributed 
between  the  Vistula  and  the  Bug.  It  states  that  Russia 
aims  only  at  the  maintenance  of  peace. 

The  Supreme  Tribunal  of  Norway  has  impeached 
the  whole  Ministry  of  the  country.  The  ministers  will 
be  tried  separately. 

The  whaling  steamer  Polynia,  which  has  arrived  at 
Dundee,  Scotland,  from  Davis'  Straits,  reports  that  the 
natives  at  Sauniler's  Island  said  that  they  saw  five  men 
at  Elah,  in  Smith's  Sound,  north  of  Baffin's  Bay,  early 
in  the  year,  who  belonged  to  a  large  expedition  further 
to  the  north,  which  was  believed  to  be  that  of  Lieuten- 
ant Greely. 

At  the  meeting  called  at  Neufchatel,  Switzerland,  on 
10th  mo.  7th,  to  demand  of  the  authorities  the  expul- 
sion of  the  Salvation  Army  from  the  country,  2000  per- 
sons were  present.  A  resolution  demanding  the  expul- 
sion of  the  English  Salvationists  was  adopted. 


King  Milan,  of  Servia,  on  the  4th  inst.,  sudden'.) 
dissolved  the  extra  session  of  the  Skuplchina  after) 
Radical  President  and  Vice  President  of  that  body  hi! 
been  selected.  The  Skuptchina  separated  without  trar 
acting  any  business. 

Paris,  10th  mo.  6th.— The  Marquis  Tseng  stated  th 
morning  to  a  Central  News  correspondent,  that  he  co 
sidered  the  news  from  Canton  as  being  of  the  grave 
character.  The  result  of  Tidewaiter  Logan's  trial  wi 
very  unsatisfactory.  The  mob  were  incensed  to  such 
degree  by  the  light  sentence  imposed,  that  they  wei 
almost  beyond  control.  Mandarins  were  assaulted  i 
tjje  streets,  and  the  situation  had  become  so  strain* 
that  the  Government  was  obliged  to  adopt  the  mo 
severe  measures  in  order  to  preserve  the  peace.  Tb 
arrival  of  fresh  troops,  which  had  been  ordered  to  Cai 
ton  to  overawe  the  people,  had  tended  still  further  t 
increase  the  excitement,  and  an  outbreak,  the  const 
quence  of  which  no  one  could  foresee,  was  likely  to  tak 
place  at  any  moment.  The  Marquis  said  that  so  mtic 
did  he  fear  further  trouble  on  account  of  the  Loga 
affair  that  he  was  urging  with  all  the  force  at  his  com 
mand  a  revision  of  the  sentence. 

A  despatch  from  Paris  to  the  Exchange  Telegrap 
Company  says,  that  negotiations  between  France  an 
China  are  virtually  suspended.  Active  operations  i 
Tonquin  are  suspended  at  present,  owing  to  the  ba 
state  of  the  roaBs. 

Admiral  Peyron,  Minister  of  Marine,  has  received 
telegram  from  Tonquin,  asserting  that  the  Black  Fla§ 
have  retreated  from  Namdinh  and  Santoy  to  Laoka 
on  the  frontier  of  China,  and  that  Anamite  envoy 
have  arrived  at  Haiphong,  and  will  start  for  Hanc 
the  French  headquarters,  forthwith. 

The  French  Consul  at  Bangkok,  Siam,  reports  thj 
numerous  bands  called  Hos,  similar  to  the  Black  Flag 
of  China,  have  invaded  the  Lootian  provinces  in  th 
Northeast.  The  Government  of  Siam  is  preparing  t 
despatch  troops,  after  the  rainy  season  has  closed,  t 
expel  the  invaders. 

El  Pueblo  states  authentically,  that  Iglesias,  with  hi 
army,  will  arrive  on  the  15th  inst.  at  Ancon,  which  ha 
been  declared  a  neutral  port,  and  that  the  evacuation 
of  Lima  will  take  place  on  the  30th.  Senor  Ignaci 
Osma  has  been  named  for  Prefect  of  Lima,  and  Seno! 
Vidal  Garcia  y  Garcia  for  Prefect  of  Callao. 

Advices  from  lea  state  that  the  Chilians  evacuate! 
Chinca  on  9th  mo.  28th,  and  that  preparations  wer.! 
being  made  for  the  evacuation  of  Pisca  on  the  4th  inst 

NOTICE. 
Ilnldah  H.  Bonwill  requests  that  any  Friends  oi 
others  having  partly-worn  clothing,  bedding,  carpets 
&c,  which  they  are  willing  to  contribute  to  thecouifor 
and  relief  of  the  needy  in  Kansas  and  the  Indian  Terri 
tory,  would  send  such  articles  to  Friends'  Book  Store 
No.  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia.  She  has  found  mucl 
need  among  the  Indians,  and  among  the  colored  peoph 
around  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas,  who  have  sutlered  frotr, 
small-pox.  Being  on  the  spot,  she  will  attend  to  the 
distribution  of  wdiat  may  be  sent. 

WANTED, 

A  woman  Friend  as  teacher  in  the  Select  School  foi 
Boys.  One  specially  qualified  to  teach  reading  and 
writing,  desired.     Apply  to 

Geo.  J.  Seattergood,  020  Spruce  St. 

Mary  M.  Leeds,  3221  North  17th  St.  . 

GLEANINGS  AT  SEVENTY-FIVE. 

Henry  Longstreth,  bookseller,  has  issued  a  second 

edition  of  the  above  compilation  by  Susan  Lukens,  lab 

of  Ercildoun,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.     Price  75  cents,  postage 

included. 

NOTICE  TO  TEACHERS,  PARENTS  AND 

OTHERS. 
The  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends  Honk  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St., 
1'hiladilphia,  where  applications  from  teachers  wish- 
ing situations,  and  committees  who  desire  to  employ 
teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 
Please  give  address,  and  full  particulars. 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE,    i 

Near  Frank  ford,  (  Tur id ir third  Ward,)  Philadelphia, 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  HALL,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  (he  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TENTH  MONTH  20,  1883. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

.bscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Dnd-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


etters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  74.) 
To  S.  L* 

"2d  mo.  18th,  1847. 

My  dear  friend  and  sister, — I  apprehend  I 
hould  not  venture  to  say  or  write  anything 
o  my  friends,  if  I  were  to  look  at  my  own 
oor  and  empty  condition,  and  dwell  upon 
bat ;  but  having  been  persuaded  that,  '  There 
j  that  scattereth  and  yet  increaseth,'  and 
hat  our  growth  depends  upon  a  faithful  fulfil- 
lent  of  our  duty  not  only  to  our  Creator  but 
p  one  another,  I  am  made  willing  to  impart, 
s  strength  may  be  afforded,  a -word  of  en- 
ouragement  to  my  fellow-travellers  Zion- 
card. 

I  know  not  why  it  should  be  so,  but  I  have 
elt  since  being  in  Philadelphia  much  at- 
tracted towards  thee,  in  the  belief  that  our 
Seavenly  Father  was  exercising  thee  in  secret 
y  his  preparing  baptisms,  in  order  that 
hrough  a  deep  experience  of  his  work  in 
hy  soul,  thou  mightest  become  more  and 
nore  acquainted  with  Him,  and  with  his  all- 
uffieiency  in  every  trial ;  in  order,  may  I 
■enture  the  suggestion,  that  thou  may  est  be 
nade  instrumental  of  good  to  others.    I  think 

feel  the  weight  of  such  an  intimation,  and 

know  not  how  far,  or  in  what  way  it  may 
be  brought  about ;  but  if  such  is  the  ease,  and 
hou  art  often  brought  very  low  in  a  sense  of 
he  Lord's  hand  upon  thee,  and  yet  disposed 
,o  put  away  from  thee  even  the  very  thought 
|>f  such  a  thing,  O  let  there  be  a  renewed 
willingness  wrought  to  seek  for  ability  to 
itand  in  true  resignation  to  the  Divine  allot- 
nent,  let  it  be  what  it  may.     *     *     *     * 

May  we,   my  dear  friend,  never  be  found 

giving  out  or  turning  aside,  for  the  work  that 

going  on  in  us  is  the  work  of  salvation— 

salvation  from  sin  and  sinful  desires.     It  is 

hat  which  is  to  bring  us  into  perfect  con- 

*  Susanna  Lightfoot  subsequently  married  John 
Wood,  and  with  him,  in  1852,  removed  to  Tnnes;iss:i, 
o  take  charge  of  the  boarding  school  for  Indian  chil- 
dren, then  about  to  be  opened.  She  died  there  11th 
no.  15th,  1853,  aged  36  years.  For  an  interesting 
Dbituary  of  her,  particularly  for  instructors  of  children, 
iee  "The  Friend,"  vol.  xxvii.  page  96.     It  states  that 

She  not  only  labored  for  the  literary  improvement  of 
ber  pupils,  but  was  deeply  concerned  for  their  religious 
welfare,"  laboring  to  bring  them  to  Christ.  This  Chris- 
care  and  concern  called  forth  grateful  acknowledg- 
ments from  many  of  her  pupils. 


formity  to  our  blessed  and  holy  pattern  ;  and 
although  we  are  not  able  to  see  at  times  what 
it  is  the  Lord  has  in  view  in  thus  bringing  us 
into  trouble  and  sorrow,  yet  do  we  not  some- 
times see  it)  the  end  that  it  was  for  our  good;: 
and  although  our  poor  souls  have  been  ready 
to  faint  in  the  day  of  close  trial,  yet  have  we 
been  again  and  again  enabled  to  see  that  his 
all-sufficient  arm  has  been  underneath,  and 
that  by  keeping  the  faith  in  Him,  every  arrow 
and  dart  of  the  enemy  of  our  souls  has  been 
quenched,  and  ability  finally  given  to  rejoice 
'n  the  Captain  of  our  salvation,  who  was 
made  perfect  through  suffering.'  How  was 
this?  He  who  was  perfect  and  without  sin, 
yet  to  be  made  perfect  through  suffering?  I 
believe  there  is  deep  meaning  and  instruction 
in  it ;  and  though  the  enemy  of  our  souls  may 
at  seasons  be  suffered  to  encompass  us  as  with 
an  army,  yet  to  that  soul  which  turns  not 
aside,  but  is  engaged  still  to  look  unto  Jesus, 
the  Author  and  Finisher  of  our  faith,  these 
light  afflictions  which  are  but  for  a  moment, 
will  eventually  work  out  for  us  a  far  more 
exceeding  and  eternal  weight  of  glory.  It  is 
in  my  heart  therefore,  my  dear  sister,  to  en- 
courage thee  to  a  steady  following  on  to  know 
the  Lord,  and  let  nothing  deter  thee  from  a 
willingness  to  hear  Him  whenever  He  speaks 
to  thee  ;  and  if  in  bis  wisdom  and  in  bis  good- 
ness, He  should  see  fit  to  require  what  -may 
seem  to  be  hard  things  to  thy  nature,  whether 
it  be  in  suffering  or  acting,  may  est  thou  in 
simple  faith  yield  thyself  up  to  his  holy  direc- 
tion. I  should  be  willing  to  tell  thee  some- 
thing more  of  my  own  getting  along  during 
the  time  which  elapsed  between  my  early 
public  appearances,  and  my  being  again  en- 
abled to  lay  hold  in  faith  upon  Him  who  was 
near  me  during  the  whole  period  of  that  dark 
and  fearful  night.  How  much  I  suffered  be- 
cause I  did  not  think  it  worth  while  to  even 
suspect  the  cause.  I  kept  out  of  sight  the  re- 
membrance that  I  had  once  known  Divine 
favor  in  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  con- 
stantly sought  and  hoped  to  find  acceptance 
some  other  way:  or  if  that  was  the  way,  I 
wanted  to  see  myself  perfect  before  I  began, 
or  would  have  some  extraordinary  manifes- 
tation, whereby  I  should  be  certainly  assured 
that  I  was  called  to  the  work,  &c. 

O  how  unwilling  I  was  to  humble  myself  to 
t,he  little,  low,  and  despised  appearance  of  my 
Saviour,  and  how  I  wanted  some  more  lofty 
way  to  walk  in  than  was  pointed  out.  *  *  * 
My  soul  longs  at  seasons  for  the  enlargement 
of  the  imprisoned  seed,  and  that  those  who 
have  been  all  their  lifetime  subject  to  bondage 
through  fear  of  death  (spiritual  death,)  may 
be  delivered,  and  come  to  walk  in  the  light  of 
the  Lord,  and  to  glorify  God  in  their  bodies 
and  in  their  spirits  which  are  his,  knowing 
Him  to  be  their  light  and  their  salvation  ; 
and  if  it  may  be  so,  become  instrumental  in 
inviting  others  to  come  taste  and  see  that  the 
Lord  is  good.  Has  not  this  been  our  experi- 
ence with  all  our  trials  and  difficulties?    And 


can  we  not  say  that  He  is  good,  and  that  his 
mercy  endureth  forever?  O,  I  believe  we 
can  !  Then  let  us  seek  more  and  more  a  will- 
ingness to  be  subject  to  his  Divine  will  con- 
cerning us.  Let  us  be  engaged  to  know  his 
standard  lilted  up  in  our  hearts,  that  so  wo 
may  at  all  times  resort  unto  it  and  follow  it. 
My  sympathies  are  deeply  engaged  towards 
the  Lord's  wading,  exercised  ones;  and  my 
heart's  desire  and  prayer  is  for  their  help  and 
encouragement;  and  above  all,  that  we  may 
be  unitedly  engaged  to  fulfil  our  respective 
portions  of  the  work  of  the  day,  in  simplicity 
of  soul,  and  without  regard  to  the  difficulties 
and  perplexities  which  surround  us  in  this 
present  eventful  day.  Although  I  cannot  seo 
myself  clear  of  it,  yet  I  think  it  is  unprofitable 
to  dwell  too  much  upon  the  deficiencies  which 
prevail  amongst  us  as  a  people.  The  Lord's 
children  will  be  united;  but  we  must  first  be- 
come his  children  by  faithfulness  to  his  com- 
mandments; and  as  we  are  thus  united  to 
Him,  we  shall  be  so  one  to  another,  and  thus 
a  living  church,  a  visible  church  will  still  be 
preserved  to  his  glory,  and  the  peace  and 
comfort  of  his  children. 

We  long  for  fathers  and  mothers!  Let  us 
remember,  '  When  my  father  and  my  mother 
forsake  me,  then  the  lord  will  take  me  up.' 
I  have  been  much  of  the  mind  that  the  de- 
scription given  of  the  ancient  Jewish  Church 
by  Jeremiah  in  the  Lam.  chap.  iv.  verse  3,  is 
too  applicable  to  the  Church  in  our  day ;  and 
that,  through  the  prevalence  of  the  spirit  of 
the  world,  those  who  ought  to  have  been  will- 
ing to  offer  the  milk  of  the  divine  word  to 
the  babes  in  Christ,  have  been  unwilling  to 
yield  themselves  in  full  dedication  to  his 
work,  but  have  drawn  back  from  fear  of  that 
humiliation  and  suffering,  which  the  true  dis- 
ciples of  Christ  must  always  participate  in. 
May  there  be  those  raised  up,  who  shall  be 
both  willing  and  qualified  to  administer  to  the 
hungry  and  thirsty  soul,  that  which  is  afford- 
ed by  the  chief  Shepherd,  and  as  there  must 
be  a  growth  from  one  state  to  another,  may 
such  of  us  who  are  young,  and  favored  at  sea- 
sons to  feel  the  quickenings  of  Divine  power 
and  goodness — who  have  had  much  forgiven, 
and  much  bestowed,  both  in  the  way  of  pre- 
servation and  blessing  (which  is  thy  case) — 
be  engaged  to  quicken  our  diligence  in  com- 
ing up  to  the  mark  of  true  dedication;  that 
so  we  may  know  our  peace  to  flow  as  a  river, 
and  our  righteousness  as  the  waves  of  the  sea. 
My  soul  salutes  thee  in  the  renewed  sense  of 
brotherly  solicitude,  that  thou  mayest  be  en- 
abled in  all  thy  exercises,  to  put  on  strength 
in  the  name  of  the  Lord ;  that  thou  mayest 
seek  yet  more  and  more  to  experience  full 
subjection  to  his  divine  will  concerning  thee ; 
for  his  will  is  our  sanctiflcation.  and  if  we  can 
only  be  brought  into  full  conformity  with  it, 
we  shall  find  it  the  perfection  we  are  called  to. 

I  apprehend  that  both  thou  and  I  will  have 
many  sharp  conflicts  and  encounters  with  the 
enemy  of  our  souls,  before  this  is  full}*  brought 


82 


THE    FRIEND. 


about ;  but  He  who  regards  the  young  ravens 
when  they  cry,  will  not  forsake  bis  children 
that  look  for  'and  patiently  wait  bis  appear- 
ing, but  will  sustain  and  shield  them,  and  un- 
less they  wilfully  turn  aside,  will  bring  them 
through  to  his  glory.  May  this  be  thy  ex- 
perience ;  and  may  the  God  of  all  consolation, 
in  the  riches  of  his  mercy,  strengthen,  stab- 
lisb,  settle  thee;  bring  thee  to  know  his  will 
and  do  it,  and  when  the  labor  of  this  day  of 
probation  is  ended,  give  thee  an  inheritance 
among  all  them  that  are  sanctified,  through 
faith  that  is  in  Him. 

With  feelings  of  true  affection,  I  am  thy 
friend  and  brother,  W.  S." 


The  Festival  of  Burning. 

The  village  of  Meiron  in  Galilee,  lying  to 
the  northwest  of  the  Lake  of  Tiberias,  is 
venerated  among  the  Jews  as  the  burial 
place  of  some  of  their  noted  rabbis.  On  the 
roof  of  the  modern  building  at  the  tombs, 
there  are  two  columns  about  five  feet  high, 
with  stone  basons  or  urns  on  the  top,  and  it 
is  in  those  urns  that  the  burning  of  native 
offerings  by  the  Jewish  pilgrims  takes  place. 
These  consist  of  silks,  cashmere  shawls,  and 
articles  of  wearing  apparel.  Only  a  few  days 
before  my  visit  many  garments  had  been  con- 
and  the  ashes  were  still  in  the  urns. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Locust  War  in  Cyprus. 

The  ravages  of  the  locust  in  'Syria,  Arabia 
and  neighboring  countries,  have  been  a  source 
of  dread  from  the  remotest  antiquity — and 
the  story  of  the  countless  multitudes  in  which 
they  collect,  and  the  destruction  of  every 
green  thing  by  their  immense  armies,  has 
been  a  source  of  wonder  to  those  living  in 
portions  of  the  earth  where  the  grasshopper 
tribe  does  not  so  overwhelmingly  abound. 

E.  Gordon  Gumming  met  with  vast  flights 
of  them  in  the  interior  of  South  Africa.  He 
was  standing  in  the  middle  of  an  immense 
plain  when  he  first  noticed  their  approach. 
On  tbey  came,  like  a  snow  storm,  flying  slow 
and  steady,  about  a  hundred  yards  from  the 
ground.  He  stood  looking  at  them  till  the  air 
was  darkened  with  their  masses,  while  the 
plain  on  which  he  stood  became  densely 
covered  with  them.  Far  as  the  eye  could 
reach — east,  west,  north,  south — tbey  stretch- 
ed in  one  unbroken  cloud,  and  more  than  an 
hour  elapsed  before  their  devastating  legions 
had  swept  by. 

Dr.  William  Thomson  relates  that  in  Syria 
a  flying  squadron  passed  over  the  land,  leav- 
ing it  thickly  sown  with  their  eggs.  This 
done,  these  harbingers  of  woe  vanished  ;  but 
within  a  couple  of  months,  the  very  dust 
seemed  to  awaken  to  life  and  to  creep.  Soon 
these  movin 


atoms  developed  into  minute 
The  great  burning,  however,  is  performed  on  igrasshoppers,  who  began  their  destructive 
the  fete-day  of  Babbi  Simeon  Ben  Jochai.  [existence,  all  moving  forward  in  one  general 
Professor  Hacket  gives  a  graphic  account  direction,  a  creeping,  jumping  mass  of  living 
of  the  ceremonies  at  that  festival:  "  The  particles.  He  was  riding  near  Fuliyeh,  whe" 
apartment  over  the  graves  was  lighted  up  by  he  noticed  that  the  side  of  a  hill  had  a  peer 
man}-  lamps,  and  around  the  court  were  stalls  liar  appearance.  Biding  up  to  it,  the  whole 
filled  with  people,  their  beds,  and  their  travel-  surface  became  agitated,  and  began  to  roll 
ling  equipments.      The  pilgrims  gave  them-  downwards.     Then    he    perceived    that   this 

selves  up  to  intoxication,  singing,  dancing,  animated  dust  was  composed  of  myriads  of|island  was  divided  into  10  locust  "districts,  in 
and  clapping  of  hands,  while  some  more  war-  minute  locusts,  so  young  that  they  could  notlwhich  1500  workmen  were  distributed,  under 
like  kept  up  an  exhibition  of  sword-play,  'even  jump ;  but  in  their  infantile  alarm,  they  '52  overseers.  The  first  duty  of  these  over- 
After  dark  the  crowd  filled  the  court,  stalls,  | rolled  over  and  over,  producing  an  effect  like  seers  was  to  go  over  the  district  allotted  to 
gallery  and  corridor  almost  to  suffocation.    A:  the  movement  of  fluid  mortar.  them  in  search  of  places  where  newly  hatched 

pillar  supporting  a  stone  trough  stood  at  one  Some  years  later,  when  living  on  Mount  locusts  were  numerous,  and  enclose  these  with 
corner  of  the  gallery,  and  near  it  a  vessel JLebanon,  an  alarm  was  raised  that  incalcu-  the  cloth  screens,  or  to  set  up  the  screens  in 
with  oil,  in  which  the  articles  to  be  burnt 'lable  swarms  of  young  locusts  were  marching' the  direction  in  which  the  locusts  might  be 
were  first  dipped.     At  a  given  signal,  a  man  up  the  valley  towards  the  village.     The  in-  expected  to  march.     The  young  locusts  are 


male  inhabitant,  between  the  ages  of  18  aw 
GO,  should  pay  a  tax  of  a  specified  weight  o 
locust-eggs,  to  be  delivered  to  the  authoritiei 
l>3"  the  end  of  the  year.  The  amount  thin 
collected  was  two  hundred  and  thirty-six  tons. 
They  were  destroyed  by  burying  in  grea 
pits. 

Notwithstandingthis  enormous  destruction 
of  the  eggs,  the  locusts  were  very  abundan  j 
in  1881,  but  the  unusual  abundance  of  wilt 
grass  tended  to  mitigate  the  damage  to  the 
green  crops.  Nevertheless  the  necessity  foil 
vigorous  measures  was  evident.  A  price  was 
paid  for  the  eggs,  and  the  quantity  collected 
between  the  7th  mo.  of  1881,  and  the  2d  mo 
1882,  reached  the  amazing  amount  of  one 
thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty-nine  and  a 
half  tons! 

The  eggs  of  the  locust  arc  never  laid 
the  cultivated  fields,  but  in  the  wild  and 
rocky  parts  of  the  land,  with  which  Cyprus 
abounds.  It  would  evidently  be  impossible  to 
destroy  the  insect  by  collecting  the  eggs  alone. 
Enough  would  always  remain  unfound  to  be 
the  progenitors  of  an  ever-increasing  multi- 
tude. Preparations  were  therefore  made 
a  large  scale  for  the  destruction  of  the  young 
locusts  themselves.  Pieces  of  coarse  woollen 
cloth  were  prepared,  each  about  50  yards 
long  and  a  yard  wide,  on  the  upper  part  of 
which  was  a  6  inch  edging  of  smooth  oil-cloth. 
When  a  locality  abounding  in  young  locusts 
was  discovered,  these  strips  were  placed  so  as 
to  intercept  their  march,  the  bottom  being 
about  6  inches  under  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Near  the  strips,  long  trenches  were  dug  to 
receive  the  locusts,  who  were  prevented  from 
climbing  out  by  boards  with  a  strip  of  zinc  at 
the  top. 

Of  these  screens  5500  were  prepared.    The 


with  a  blazing  torch  mounted  the  stairs  to 
the  gallery,  and  all  were  now  eager  with  ex- 
pectation. The  first  article  burnt  was  a  costly 
shawl,  the  offering  of  a  rich  Jew  from  Joppa, 
who  had  paid  about  2000  piastres  for  the 
privilege  of  opening  the  ceremony.  As  the 
shawl  began  to  blaze,  the  multitude  shouted, 
men  clapped  their  hands,  and  the  shrill,  tremu- 
lous cry  of  the  women  made  the  welkin 
ring.  Other  offerings — shawls,  scarfs,  hand- 
kerchiefs, books  and  the  like — were  brought 
forward,  dipped  in  oil,  and  consumed  ;  while, 
from  time  to  time,  as  an  article  was  seen  to 
be  of  special  value,  or  burnt  with  uncommon 
brilliancy,  the  spectators  broke  forth  into 
renewed  expressions  of  delight." 

Thus  this  work  of  foil}-  and  drunken  mad- 
ness went  on  until  our  informant  was  obliged 
to  leave.  It  is,  in  fact,  kept  up  all  night ;  but 
I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  the  real 
significance  of  that  most  absurd  festival.  It 
is,  of  course,  intended  (o  honor  the  great 
rabbi  whose  tomb  is  said  to  be  there,  and  is 
also  connected  with  some  vague  ideas  of  merit, 
by  which  the  donors  will  receive  some  benefit 
from  the  prayers  or  intercessions  of  their 
saints,  an  error  found  amongst  all  Oriental 
sects  in  one  form  or  another. — Wm.  M, 
Thomson. 


habitants  turned  out  to  endeavor,  if  possible, 
to  turn  aside  their  line  of  march.  The  whole 
face  of  the  mountain  was  black  with  th 
closely  serried  ranks,  which  advanced  steadily 
like  a  well-disciplined  army.  They  were  at 
the  wingless  stage,  and  of  the  size  of  average 
grasshoppers.  Trenches  were  dug,  fires  were 
kindled,  thousands  were  slain.  Still  fresh 
hordes  pressed  on  in  bewildering  multitudes. 
Hoping  to  protect  his  own  little  garden.  Dr. 
Thomson  hired  a  number  of  laborers  to  keep 
up  fires  and  beat  off  the  locusts.  For  some 
hours  the  struggle  was  kept  up,  but  as  the 
irresistible  army  continued  to  advance  in  ever 
increasing  multitude,  the  men  gave  up  (he 
struggle  in  despair,  and  surrendered  to  the 
conquerors.  For  four  days  did  this  march 
continue,  and  when  the  locusts  had  gone, 
nothing  remained  of  the  vines  and  trees  but 
naked  branches,  the  fields  of  corn  wore  strip- 
ped of  every  leaf,  and  not  a  blade  of  grass  re- 

The  island  of  Cyprus  has  suffered  much  from 
this  diminutive  foe,  and  the  official  reports  of 
its  High  Commissioner,  give  some  instructive 
details  of  the  efforts  used  to  check  its  progress. 

I*  the  summer  of  1S80,  the  swarms  were  so 
vast  as  to  threaten  great  calamity  to  the  is- 
land.    A  regulation  was  adopted  that  every 


hatched  about  the  beginning  of  the  T 
month,  and  their  wings  do  not  develop,  so  as 
to  enable  them  to  fly,  for  several  weeks. 
During  this  wingless  state,  their  destruction 
is  mainly  effected.  The  rate  at  which  they 
march  varies  with  their  age,  being  about  two 
miles  a  day  in  those  fully  grown.  Arthur 
Young,  the  Commissioner  of  the  Famagusta 
district,  in  the  eastern  division  of  the  island, 
reported  that  when  the  locusts  were  on  quick 
march,  the  pits  would  be  filled  to  the  brim  in 
about  one  hour  and  a  half.  As  fast  as  they 
were  filled,  they  were  covered  with  earth  and 
pressed  down  so  as  to  destroy  the  insects  thus 
buried.  In  his  district  32.220  pits  were  filled, 
each  containing  about  a  cubic  yard  of  insects 
—the  total  weight  of  which  was  estimated  at 
more  than  12,000  tons. 

Inglis,  the  Commissioner  of  Nicosia,  in  the 
western  division  of  Cyprus,  says  in  his  report, 
"  Towards  the  end  of  the  destruction,  where 
tho  locusts  concentrated,  labor  was  difficult 
to  obtain,  and  I  saw  a  line  of  screens,  somo 
three  or  four  miles  long,  which  had  stopped 
the  progress  of  a  vast  column  of  locusts.  Pits 
or  trenches  were  dug  at  right  angles  to  the 
screens,  25  or  30  feet  long,  -1  feet  deep,  and 
from  3  to  4  and  a  half  feet  wide.  The  locusts 
were  advancing  so  quickly,  compactly  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


S3 


closely,  that  the  noise  of  their  falling  into  the 
chasm  was  like  the  sound  of  rushing  water. 
These  pits  were  filled  in  and  others  dug,  but 
not  fast  enough. 

No  wonder  that  a  Yorkshire  pig-breeder, 
when  he  heard  of  these  details,  was  distressed 
at  the  idea  of  so  much  good  food  being  wasted. 
and  wished  he  could  get  them  boiled  down  to 
'feed  his  pigs! 

[  In  the  arrangements  for  the  present  3'ear, 
,no  attempt  is  to  be  made  to  destroy  the  eggs, 
'which  can  never  be  thoroughly  done,  and 
which  necessarily  involves  the  destruction  of 
Ithe  larva1  of  the  bee-fly,  which  feeds  on  the 
eggs  of  the  locust,  and  is  thus  a  valuable  ally 
in  keeping  down  their  numbers.  A  very 
large  addition  was  made  to  the  number  of 
screens  and  traps,  and  an  increased  number 
of  men  employed. 

The  preceding  sketch  has  been  condensed 
from  an  interesting  article  by  C.  P.  Gordon 
Cumming  in  The  Nineteenth  Century. 

Report  of  Committee  to  Visit  Meetings  and 


refusing  obedience  to  his  requisitions,  it  may 
be  in  what  are  called  little  things,  have  not  ad- 
vanced in  spiritual  stature,  nor  become  pre- 
pared to  be  entrusted  by  the  Head  of  the 
Church  with  those  gifts,  which,  we  believe. 
He  would  have  conferred  upon  them  had 
they  been  faithful  to  his  will.  To  these,  we 
believe,  knowledge  has  not  been  wanting,  but 
unreserved  obedience  ;  and  we  earnestly  de- 
sire, that  such  of  this  class  as'  may  still  be 
sensible  of  the  continued  strivings  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  with  them,  may  no  longer  "  consult 
with  flesh  and  blood,"  but  submitting  to  its 
transforming  operations  become  willing  to 
obej-  and  follow  Him,  "  who  for  the  joy  that 
was  set  before  Him  endured  the  cross,  despis- 
ing the  shame,  and  is  set  down  at  the  right 
hand  of  the  throne  of  God." 

We  have  been  brought  into  tender  S3*mpa- 
thy  with  our  beloved  young  friends,  many  of 
whom  we  have  felt  very  near  to  our  best  life, 
believing  that  not  a  few  of  them  have  been 
preciously  visited  by  their  Heavenly  Father, 
and  that  a  hunger  and  thirst  after  righteou 
ness  and  purity  of  heart  have  been  begotten  in 
their  souls.  We  would  encourage  these  tc 
cherish,  as  among  their  choicest  blessings, 
these  tendering  visitations  of  their  Saviour's 


To  the  Yearly  Meeting:  The  Committee 
appointed  last  year  to  perform  a  general  visit 
to  our  meetings  and  members,  as  way  might 
open  for  it,  report : 

That  by  portions  of  our  number  all  of  the 
Quarterly  and  Monthly  Meetings  and  Meet- 
ings for  Worship  have  been  attended  ;  some 
of  them  several  times.  A  visit  to  our  mem- 
bers in  their  families  has  also  been  performed 
in  many  neighborhoods,  and  some  meetings 
have  been  appointed  in  different  localities  for 
Friends  generally,  which  have  been  largely 
attended. 

In  the  prosecution  of  the  weighty  service 
entrusted  to  us  we  may  acknowledge  with 
thankfulness  that  we  have  been  animated 
from  time  to  time  with  renewed  evidences  of 
Divine  regard,  and  through  the  condescension 
of  the  Head  of  the  Church  the  overshadow- 
ings  of  heavenly  goodness  have  been  felt  in 
many  of  the  assemblies,  tendering  the  hearts 
of  both  visitors  and  visited  to  our  mutual 
comfort  and  strength. 

Wo  have  met  with  much  openness  and  kind- 
ness throughout  the  course  of  the  visit,  and 
assistance  has  been  fully  rendered  in  further- 
ig  the  labors  of  the  Committee. 

We  have  been  comforted  in  believing  that 
there  is  a  body  of  men  and  women  preserved 
within  the  limits  of  the  Yearly  Meeting  who 

are  honestly  concerned  for  the  promotion  of  ■self-denying  walk  to  show  that  they  are  the 
the  cause  of  truth,  and  the  support  of  our  followers  of  a  meek  and  lowly  Saviour, 
doctrines  and  testimonies  ;  and  who,  though  I  We  are  persuaded  that  one  of  the  manifest 
often  under  discouragements  of  various  kinds, 'needs  of  the  present  day  is  a  more  watchful 
are  desirous  of  patiently  maintaining  that  J  care  and  concern  on  the  part  of  parents  over 
spiritual  exercise  for  the  arising  of  Divine  their  respective  households  in  the  fear  of  the 


heads  of  families  that  they  endeavor  to  in- 
struct their  children  and  families  in  the  doc- 
trines and  precepts  of  the  Christian  religion 
as  contained  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  that 
they  excite  them  to  the  diligent  reading  of 
those  excellent  writings,  which  plainly  set 
forth  the  miraculous  conception,  birth,  holy 
life,  wonderful  works,  blessed  example,  meri- 
torious death,  and  glorious  resurrection,  as- 
cension and  mediation  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ,  and  to  educate  their  children  in 
the  belief  of  those  important  truths,  as  well 
as  in  the  belief  of  the  inward  manifestation 
and  operation  of  the  Holy  Spirit  on  their  own 
minds." 

Where  parents  are  not  themselves  con- 
vinced of  the  importance  of  maintaining  our 
testimonies  to  plainness  of  dress  and  address, 
we  believe  the  Church  has  often  suffered 
great  loss  by  the  want  of  that  training  of  the 
children  to  bear  the  cross  in  their  youth, 
which  experience  has  shown  to  have  been  as 
a  hedge  around  many  in  preserving  them 
from  evils,  and  to  have  often  prepared  the 
way  for  dedication  of  heart  and  usefulness  in 
the  Church.  We  would  affectionate^-  com- 
mend these  important  subjects  to  the  con- 
sideration of  those  who  may  not  be  exem- 


love  ;  and  desire  that  they  may  not  be  per-  plary  in  these  respects,  earnestly  desiring  to 
plexed  or  discouraged  by  the  unsettlement  in  j  strengthen  their  hands  in- the  observance  of 
our  religious  Society,  but  seek  to  keep  theii^these  testimonies,  which,  we  believe,  were 
spiritual  eye  fixed  upon  their  Redeemer,  who  founded  in  Divine  wisdom,  and  are  closely 
is  able  by  his  own  blessed  Spirit  to  guide  them 'connected  with  the  welfare  of  our  religious 
into  all  truth,  make  them  quick  of  understand-  Society. 

ing  in  his  holy  fear,  and  enable  them  to  discern]  In  the  course  of  this  visit  the  Committee 
between  that  which  serveth  Him  and  that  has  been  much  impressed  with  a  too  general 
which  serveth  Him  not.  While  we  would  com-'  want  of  dedication  of  heart  and  devotedness 
mend  these  to  the  guidance  and  safe-keeping  of  to  the  cause  of  Christ.  As  a  people  we  have 
the  Good  Shepherd,  who,  we  believe,  is  ten- j  been  greatly  blessed  in  temporal  things,  and 
derly  watching  over  the  lambs  of  the  flock,  we  there  is  cause  to  fear  that  many  have  sat 
desire  that  they  may  also  be  cherished  by  the  down  in  the  too  exclusive  enjoyment  of  that 
Church,  and  that  the  hearts  of  fathers  and  [which  can  be  obtained  by  wealth  or  afflu- 
mothers  may  be  turned  more  and  more  to  encc  :  in  the  refined  pleasures  of  this  life, 
these,  in  the  gathering  love  of  Christ,  seeking  a  luxurious  style  of  living,  and  a  state  of  ease, 
from  Him  ability  to  counsel,  encourage  and; conditions  far  short  of  that  which  we  should 
strengthen  them.  We  believe  there  are  of  strive  to  attain  as  beings  ordained  for  immor- 
this  class  those  upon  whom  the  Lord  has  laid  jtality,  and  made  capable  of  spiritual  com- 
his  preparing  hand,  and  we  earnestly  desire  munion  with  the  God  of  all  our  sure  mercies. 
that  Bucta  may  patiently  abide  all  the  turn-  To  the  undue  pursuit  of  lawful  things  and 
ings  thereof,  that  thus  from  among  them  there  |  the  inroads  of  a  worldly  spirit  are,  we  be- 
may  be  raised  up  ''judges  as  at  the  first  andilieve,  to  be  attributed  the  weakness  of  our 
councillors  as  at  the  beginning,"  and  that  the'Society  in  different  places,  and  the  condition 


vacant  places  in  the  Church  maj^  be  filled  by 
those  who,  taught  in  the  school  of  Christ, 
will  be  prepared  to  bear  testimony  to  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus  ;  and  in  their  humble, 


life  in  their  own  hearts  and  in  others  which 
di'aws  down  the  Divine  blessing.  These,  we 
desire  may  not  become  "  wear}-  in  well-doing," 
believing  that  the  language  of  the  Redeemer 
will  be  applicable  to  such,  as  they  remain 
steadfast :  "  Ye  are  they  which  have  con- 
tinued with  me  in  my  temptations  ;  and  I 
appoint  unto  3'ou  a  kingdom  as  my  Father 
hath  appointed  unto  me." 

We  have  been  painfully  impressed  with  the 
loss  which  the  Church  has  sustained  in  various 
places  by  the  unfaithfulness  of  some  who  may 
now  be  classed  among  the  middle-aged;  who, 
though  attached  to  the  principles  we  profess, 
from  the  conviction,  that  they  are  the  truth, 


Lord.  Were,  such  duly  sensible  of  the  very 
solemn  obligations  which  rest  upon  them, 
and  more  concerned  to  bear  their  children 
upon  their  hearts  before  the  Lord,  asking 
wisdom  and  ability  of  Him  to  bring  them  up 
in  his  nurture  and  admonition,  we  believe  He 
would  bless  their  efforts,  more  and  more 
satisfy  the  desire  of  their  souls  concerning 
them"  and  enable  them,  as  it  were,  to  sow  seed 
which  would  be  productive  of  fruit  unto  righte- 
ousness long  after  their  heads  were  laid  in 
the  dust. 

The  following  advice  of  the  Yearly  Meeting 
in  1732,  we  think  it  may  be  proper  to  revive 
at   the    present    time.      "  Wo    tenderly   and 


yet  by  stumbling  at  the  cross  of  Christ  and  earnestly  advise  and  exhort  all  parents  and 


of  some  of  our  meetings,  which  appear  hardly 
qualified  rightly  to  administer  the  discipline, 
and  to  undergo  that  exercise  which  is  neces- 
sary for  the  treatment  and  right  restoration 
of  delinquent  members. 

Were  the  eye  of  the  mind  more  set  upon 
durable  riches  and  righteousness,  how  would 
it  help  to  limit  our  desires,  keep  out  of  worldly 
entanglements,  set  bounds  to  the  pursuit  of 
gain,  and  so  teach  moderation,  simplicity,  and 
a  prudent  economy  in  all  our  ways,  as  to 
draw  down  the  Divine  blessing  in  spiritual 
increase,  and  manifest  by  the  expressive  lan- 
guage of  conduct,  that  the  Great  Author  of 
all  our  blessings  was  the  supreme  object  of 
our  love  and  filial  allegiance! 

We  have  been  sensible  that  there  are  many 
influences  at  work  in  the  present  day  to  draw 
away  the  minds  of  our  members  from  an  in- 
troversion of  spirit  and  solemn  retirement 
before  the  Lord,  and  thus  to  sap  the  founda- 
tions of  our  safety ;  and  we  have  reason  to 
fear  that  these  influences  and  associations 
have  so  far  prevailed  with  some  that  it  may 
be  said  of  them,  as  of  an  once  highly  favored 
people  formerly,  ''Strangers   have  devoured 


84 


THE    FRIEND. 


his  strength  and  ho  knoweth  it  not,"  Noth 
ing,  we  believe,  will  suffice  to  preserve  our 
strength  as  a  religious  body  or  as  individuals, 
but  a  constant  recurrence  to  tlie  place  of  true 
waiting  before  the  Lord,  seeking  of  Him 
humility,  wisdom  and  grace,  and  submitting 
to  the  chastening,  purifying  baptisms  of  his 
Spirit. 

Notwithstanding  our  unfaithfulness  and 
backslidings,  we  believe  the  Lord  is  still 
watching  over  us  for  good,  renewing  his 
visitations  to  sons  and  daughters,  and  wait- 
ing to  bless  those  who  turn  at  his  reproofs  in 
order  to  draw  all  within  the  safe  enclosure  of 
his  fold.  May  the  preciously-visited,  and  all 
who  have  been  sensible  of  the  favors  of  the 
Lord  vouchsafed  during  the  course  of  thi 
visit,  increasingly  prize  these  manifestations 
of  Divine  regard,  and  by  a  steady  attention 
to  the  dictates  of  Truth,  made  known  to  them 
in  their  own  hearts,  witness  their  spiritual 
experience  to  be  enlarged  and  their  strength 
increased,  so  that  the  language  respecting  a 
favored  nation  formerly,  may  become  more 
and  more  applicable  to  us,  "  Happy  art  thou, 
O  Israel,  who  is  like  unto  thee,  Oh  people 
saved  bj  the  Lord." 

Brazil  is  not  only  the  last  remaining  civil- 
ized land  where  slavery  exists,  but  it  owns 
more  slaves  than  any  other  civilized  land  ever 
had  that  freed  its  slaves  by  peaceable  mea- 
sures (the  serfs  of  Russia  are  not  here  includ- 
ed). A  correspondent  of  the  London  Times 
writing  from  San  Paulo  gives  particulars  con- 
cerning Brazilian  slavery  which  will  proba- 
bly surprise  some  of  the  best-informed  read- 
ers. From  very  early  days, — the  record  is 
clear  as  far  back  as  1530,— a  regular  trade  in 
slaves  was  carried  on  between  Africa  and 
Brazil  down  to  the  year  1830,  when  the  Bra- 
zilian Government  declared  it  to  be  piratical. 
That  it  was  not  thoroughly  stopped  for  many 
years  afterward,  is  well  known  ;  in  fact,  it 
was  still  going  on  clandestinely  in  1854,  so 
that  even  to-day  more  than  fifty  years"  after 
the  Governmental  declaration,  there  are  to  be 
found  here  and  there  African-born  slaves. 
Since  the  year  1830,  many  and  various  endea- 
vors have  been  made  to  do  away  with  the 
system,  but  it  was  not  until  the  2Sth  of  9th 
month,  1871,  that  the  first  note  of  total  aboli- 
tion was  sounded  by  the  passage  of  the  law 
declaring  all  children  born  of  slave  mothers 
after  that  date  to  be  free  born,  with  the  only 
condition  that  the  child  should  serve  the  mo- 
ther's owner  as  an  apprentice  until  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  after  which  he  would  be  abso- 
lutely free.  At  the  same  time  as  the  passing 
of  this  law,  and  as  part  of  the  same  measure, 
was  created  an  annual  emancipation  fund  to 
bo  formed  of  certain  imposts  for  the  freeing  of 
the  slave  father  and  mother  of  the  free-born 
child,  or  for  giving  freedom  to  all  slaves  who 
would  never  be  able  to  purchase  that  blessing. 
Since  the  date  of  this  law  the  following  results 
have  been  obtained  :  First,  there  are  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  free-born  chil- 
dren serving  their  apprenticeship;  Secondly, 
eleven  thousand  slaves  have  been  freed  by  the 
emancipation  fund.  Although  the  official 
emancipation  of  eleven  thousand  in  eleven 
years  cannot  be  considered  satisfactoiy,  that 
representing  only  about  1  per  cent,  of  the  slave 
population,  to  this  number  must  bo  added 
manumissions  by  private  individuals — a  noble 
practice  which  has  become  the  fashionable 
way  of  showing  any  extraordinary  rejoicing, 


at  which  time  one  or  more  slaves  are  freed. 
Many  owners  at  their  death  leave  freedom  as 
a  legacy  to  some  of  their  slaves;  and,  lastly, 
many  truly  generous  people  free  theirs  from 
motives  of  pure  charity.  The  number  of  pri- 
vate manumissions  amounts  to  about  thirty 
thousand  for  the  past  eleven  years,  making, 
with  the  official,  forty  thousand  in  all,  or  less 
than  four  per  cent,  of  the  whole  slave  popula- 
tion. From  this  it  is  evident  that  even  were 
the  unfortunate  slaves  to  have  abnormally 
long  lives  the  present  rate  of  freeing  would 
allow  some  hundreds  of  thousands  to  reach 
very  advanced  ages  and  still  die  in  bondage. 
— American  Slavery  in  Brazil. 


UNITY. 


BY   JOHN   GREENLEAF   WHITTIER. 
Forgive,  O  Lord,  our  severing  ways, 
The  separate  altars  that  we  raise, 
The  varying  tongues  that  speak  thy  praise  ! 

Suffer  it  now.     In  time  to  be 
Shall  one  great  temple  rise  to  thee; 
Thy  church,  our  broad  humanity. 

White  flowers  above  its  wall  shall  climb, 
Sweet  bells  of  peace  shall  ring  its  chime. 
Its  days  shall  all  be  holy  time. 

The  hymn  long  sought  shall  then  be  heard, 
The  music  of  the  world's  accord 
Confessing  Christ,  the  inward  Word  ! 

That  song  shall  swell  from  shore  to  shore, 
One  faith,  one  love,  one  hope,  restore 
The  seamless  garb  that  Jesus  wore  ! 
Asquam  House,  Holderness,  N.  II., 
Seventh  month  28th,  18S3. 


THE  WIDOW  OF  ZAREPHATH. 

Gently  watching,  sweetly  waiting,  even  on   the  very 

track, 
Whispering  to  the  loving  Master,  listening  what  He 

speaketh  back, 
Whispering  that  her  meal  is  failing— in  the  cruise  but 

little  oil, 
Waiting  fur  the  blessed  Father,  to  release  her  from  her 

toil, 
Or  to  ask  some  new  commission,  from  the  bounteous 

loving  hand, 
To  fulfil  her  whole  condition,  in  the  famine  stricken 

land. 

One  more  work  I  have  assigned  thee,  ere  thou  layest 

down  to  die: 
"  Feed   my  prophet,  travel-stricken,   God   will  every 

want  supply." 
Faith  was  low,  but  life  and  duty  were  the  watchwords 

of  her  heart, 
And  she  strove  to  yield  her  spirit  to  obey,  and  then 

depart ; 
Cometh  then  the  cruise  and  barrel — very  pigmy  is  her 

store, 

she  poureth  forth  her  little,  and  it  groweth  more 

and  more. 

Faithful  to  her  Lord's  commandments,  asking  not  the 
reason  why, 
Feed  my  prophet"  was  sufficent  and  she  brought  her 

whole  supply; 
ut  the  blessing  of  the  faithful  waiteth  on  the  weeping 
one, 
And  sustaining  plenty  floweth,  for  herself  and  for  her 
son. 

Oh,  ye  tried  and  doubtful  workers,  hand  ye  forth  your 

frugal  store, 
Use  it  at  your  Master's  bidding,  He  will  give  you  more 

and  more, 
For  the  feeder  of  his  prophet,  and  the  succorer  of  his 

lamb, 
Shall  in  drought  remain  a  blessing,  and  in  wind  and 

storm,  a  calm. 


When  obstacles  and  trials  seem 
Like  prison  walls  to  be, 

I  do  the  little  I  can  do, 

And  leave  the  rest  to  thee!" 


AN  ANSWERED  PRAYER. 
"  O,  give  me  a  message  of  quiet," 

I  asked  in  my  morning  prayer: 
"  For  the  turbulent  trouble  within  me 

Is  more  than  my  heart  can  bear. 
Around  there  is  strife  and  discord, 

And  the  storms  that  do  not  cease, 
And  the  whirl  of  the  world  is  on  me — 

Thou  only  canst  give  me  peace." 

I  opened  the  old,  old  Bible 

And  looked  at  a  page  of  Psalms, 
Till  the  wintry  sea  of  my  trouble 

Was  smoothed  by  its  summer  calms. 
For  the  words  that  have  helped  so  many, 

And  the  pages  that  seemed  most  dear, 
Seemed  new  in  their  power  to  comfort, 

And  they  brought  me  ray  word  of  cheer. 

Like  music  of  solemn  singing 

These  words  came  down  to  me : 
"  The  Lord  is  slow  to  anger, 

And  of  mercy  great  is  He  ; 
Each  generation  praiseth 

His  work  of  long  renown  ; 
The  Lord  upholdeth  all  that  fall, 

And  raiseth  the  bowed  down." 

That  gave  me  the  strength  I  wanted  ! 

I  knew  the  Lord  was  nigh ; 
All  that  was  making  me  sorry 

Would  be  better  by-and-by. 
I  had  but  to  wait  in  patience, 

And  keep  at  my  Father's  side, 
And  nothing  would  really  hurt  me, 

Whatever  might  betide. 

— Marianne  Fumingham. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

DREAMS. 

It  is  frequently  the  case  that  we  can  trace 
a  connection  between  previous  trains  ot 
thought,  and  the  visions  that  float  over  thei 
mind  in  our  sleeping  hours,  so  that  we  can 
find  a  rational  cause  for  these  vagaries  of  the1 
imagination.  But  even  in  such  cases,  it  may 
please  the  Good  Shepherd,  who  watches  over' 
his  flock,  to  make  the  impressions  thus  left, 
on  the  mind  a  means  of  instruction  or  help  toj 
those  who  are  looking  to  Him  for  counsel  and 
direction. 

This  is  illustrated  by  two  dreams,  each  ol1 
which  I  heard  related  by  the  person  to  whom 
it  happened.     In  one  case,  the  person   was 
very  desirous  of  obtaining  a  sum  of  money, 
about  82000,  for  use  in   his  business;  and  he 
had  used  considerable  effort  but  without  sue 
cess.    Whilst  in  this  disappointed  and  anxious 
state,  he  dreamed  that  he  went  to  the  house 
of  a  wealthy  man  who  resided  in  the  town 
who    belonged    to    a   somewhat   aristocratic 
family,  and  had  the  reputation  of  being  close 
in  his  money  concerns.    He  thought  he knoc 
ed  at  the  door,  which  was  opened  by  a  serva 
girl,  to  whom  he  said,  is  thy  master  withii 
She   invited    him   into  the  parlor  where   ll 
man  was  sitting.     In   his  dream,  ho  told  the 
man  that  ho  wished  to  borrow  a  sum  of  £400 
for  a  year;  and  the  man  replied  that  he  might 
have  it,  and  at  once  gave  him  the  monej7 

It  is  easy  to  suppose  that  the  thought  ol 
the  possibility  of  obtaining  the  money  from 
this  source  may  have  crossed  his  mind  in  hie 
waking  hours,  but  not  been  seriously  enter- 
tained because  of  the  improbability  of  success 
and  that  it  may  have  revived  in  his  sleep 
when  the  restraining  influence  of  reason  could 
not  check  the  wanderings  of  thought.  But 
on  awaking,  the  whole  scene  seemed  so  real, 
that  my  friend  felt  assured  that  the  way  wap 
now  clear  for  the  attainment  of  his  object 
ud  with  confidence  of  success  he  went  to  thi 


THE    FRIEND. 


85 


aouse,  knocked  at  the  door,  was  met  by  the 
servant,  ushered  into  the  parlor,  and  the 
■scenes  and  conversations,  and  even  the  pecu- 
iar  motions  of  the  persons  were  repeated, 
precisely  as  he  had  witnessed  them  in  his 
deep  ;  and  he  came  away  with  the  money  in 
his  pocket;  and,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  with  grati- 
tude in  his  heart. 

In  the  other  case  referred  to,  my  friend 
was  a  fellow-member  of  a  meeting  with  a  man 
B  contentions  and  unreasonable  disposition. 
On  one  occasion  this  person  came  to  his  house 
ind  acted  so  unhandsomely,  that  my  friend 
ost  the  command  of  his  temper,  and  requested 
the  other  to  leave,  as  he  was  unwilling  to  be 
30  treated  in  his  own  house.  Almost  imme- 
Jiately  alter  his  visitor  had  left,  he  felt  con- 
demned for  his  unwatchfulness,  and  passed 
through  a  season  of  severe  mental  suffering 
before  his  peace  of  mind  returned  and  he  felt 
that  his  fault  had  been  forgiven.  About  a 
year  afterwards,  long  after  the  breach  had 
been  healed,  in  his  dreams  ho  passed  through 
the  same  experience.  He  thought  that  he 
again  lost  the  control  of  his  feelings,  and  again 
strongly  and  distvessingly  felt  the  sense  of 
Bndemnation  ;  and  was  greatly  relieved  on 
awaking  to  find  it  was  but  a  dream.  Soon 
after  this,  after  being  at  their  religious  meet- 
ng,  he  called  in  at  the  house  of  this  acquaint- 
ance— when  something  occurred  to  call  forth 
iiis  contentious  spirit.  The  combative  feel- 
ngs  of  my  friend  began  to  rise  under  this 
fresh  provocation,  when  his  dream  came  fresh- 
ly before  his  mental  vision,  as  if  a  curtain  had 
been  lowered  before  him.  The  warning  was 
sufficient,  and  checking  his  anger,  he  quietly 
turned  and  walked  away,  truly  thankful  for 
the  caution  extended  in  the  time  of  need. 

A  dream  related  by  Rebecca  Ilubbs,  a  min- 
ister of  the  Society  of  Friends,  residing  in 
New  Jersey,  admits  of  a  similar  explanation. 
She  says:  "I  thought  I  was  travelling  on  a 
road,  and  saw  something  at  a  distance,  which, 
when  I  came  up  to  it,  1  believed  to  be  Death. 
I  was  glad  to  see  him,  as  much  so  as  two  in- 
timate friends  are  to  see  each  other.  He 
asked  me  if  I  was  ready  to  go  with  him.  1 
answered,  'O  yes,  I  am  ready;  and  willingly 
I  go  with  thee.'  At  the  same  time  I 
thought  a  sense  was  given  me  of  the  sweet 
peace  and  happiness  enjoyed  by  the  righteous, 

hen  the  appointed  Judge  of  the  world,  the 
Son  of  God,  gives  them  a  peaceful  admittance 
into  the  presence  of  his  Father  and  the  hoi}' 
angels.  I  was  anxious  to  be  gone  ;  and  Death 
asked  me  again  if  I  was  ready,  and  I  said, 
yes.  He  then  looked  earnestly  upon  me,  and 
while  he  thus  looked,  it  seemed  as  if  I  was 
ghed  in  the  balance  and  was  found  lack- 
ing. My  feelings  began  to  change.  As  a 
look  from  the  Lord  Jesus  reminded  Peter 
that  he  had  denied  that  he  knew  Him,  his 
Lord  and  Master,  and  he  went  out  and  wept 
bitterly,  so  did  this  look  of  Death  remind  me, 
with  solemn  conviction,  that  I  could  not  then 
go  with  him  in  peace. 

I  began  again  to  talk  with  him,  and  in 
much  fear  and  sorrow,  said,  '  O  Death !  I 
thought  I  was  ready  to  go-  with  thee,  but  I 
find  I  am  not.  There  is  only  one  thing  that 
doth  hinder  me,  and  I  will  tell  it  to  thee.  I 
am  a  monument  of  Divine  mercy.  I  have 
known  both  the  terrors  and  the  loving-kind- 
ness of  the  Lord,  and  having  experienced  his 
mercy,  and  the  sweet  power  of  Jesus  to  de- 
liver and  save  alive  the  soul,  the  Lord  has 
required  of  me  to  make  an  acknowledgment 


of  it  to  the  world,  and  this  I  have  not  done. 
Had  I  done  this,  had  I  not  been  disobedient 
in  this  duty,  1  should  be  ready  to  die.  But. 
O  spare  me  a  little  longer.  Tomorrow  will 
lie  Fifth-day.  I  will  go  to  meeting,  and  there 
make  a  public  confession  to  the  goodness  of 
the  Lord  through  his  dear  Son,  and  after  this 
thou  may'st  come,  and  willingly  will  I  go.'  I 
thought  he  agreed  to  this,  and  when  he  turned 
away  from  me,  I  looked  after  him  as  my  real 
friend,  and  grieved,  saying,  'O  what  can  all 
this  world  do  for  me!  Soon  should  I  have 
been  in  a  state  of  happiness,  out  of  the  reach 
of  sin  and  sorrow,'  and  while  thus  mourning 
over  myself  I  awoke." 

A  sense  of  the  duty  required  of  her,  and  a 
consciousness  of  her  own'unt'aithfulness,  and 
a  conviction  that  she  could  not  be  in  a  state 
of  acceptance  with  her  Heavenly  Father  with- 
out doing  that  which  was  required  of  her, 
might  naturally  have  given  to  the  trains  of 
thought  in  the  mind  of  Rebecca  Hubbs  the 
direction  which  they  took  in  her  dream.  Yet 
it  would  appear  from  her  subsequent  remarks, 
that  she  recognized  in  it  a  Divine  admonition; 
and  such  we  have  no  doubt  it  was. 

She  says  further:  "  The  following  day  was 
the   Fifth-day  of  the  week,   and   I 


call  the  sacrament  of  confirmation,  I  should 
have  to  pass  through  such  a  purification  ;  for 
I  had  never  read,  or  heard  any  one  speak  of 
such  a  baptism." 

The  experienced  Christian  learns  that  it  is 
through  much  tribulation  that  the  righteous 
enter  the  kingdom,  that  it  requires  much 
"  beating  and  pounding"  to  remove  the  defile- 
ment of  sin.  The  Divine  Grace  which  effects 
this  change  is  spoken  of  under  the  similitude 
of  a  fire  and  a  hammer — and  the  process  is 
compared  to  the  removal  from  the  precious 
metal  of  the  dross,  the  tin  and  the  reprobate 
silver.  Yet,  while  passing  through  those 
baptisms,  there  is  often  granted  a  sustaining 
hope  that  the  effect  thereof  will  be  peace,  and 
quietness  and  assurance  forever;  and  there 
are  times  when  the  truly  devoted  servant  of 
the  Lord  is  filled  with  peace  and  holy  joy — 
a  foretaste  of  that  glorious  inheritance  pro- 
mised to  all  those  who  faithfully  follow  their 
Lord  and  Saviour. 


week,  and  I  went  to 
meeting.  A  solemn  and  weighty  season  it 
was   to"  me,  and   the  sense  of  my  own   un-,   f       -  j  n 

worthiness  was  so  great  that  I  sat  under  the  *„     A  ,   1     u   _\,  : 
load  of  the  cross  ;  and  returned  from  the  meet 


The  Duke  of  Wellington  on  War.— The  Earl 
of  Shaftesbury  recently  related  the  following 
incident : — 

"He  once  travelled  to  Hatfield   with    the 

Duke    of   Wellington,    who    as   they   passed 

through   a   lovely   country,   turned    to    him, 

!,  '  fan  you  guess 

what  I  have  been  thinking  of'?'     Being  an- 


swered in  the  negative,  he  said,  'I  have  been 


ing  un  aitbtul  still  to  my  promise. 
°.  .,..       .,  ■         ,     n   ,-J  \     ,.  T  n  ,,  •    .     looking  at  this  country,  where  everythin 

"After  this  act  of  disobedience,  T  fell  into  ,         .■?  ,       ,  -„   ,,     .        .     ■*<  ■  it 

......  c      •     i        a         ii   i   i  •      ibeautilul  and  tills  the  heart  w 

great  distress  ot   mind,  and  could   take  no  in-'   ..    ,.        ..     .    -t  T  ,      , 

thinking  that,  if   t  bad   to 


terest  or  comfort  in  the  things  of  this  world,  I 
concluding  I  was  a  lost  sinner,  unworthy  of 


session  of  it,  I  should 


nd  I  was 
tary  pos- 


">  "»"«'"».>  U1:  beauty  and  dispel  that  joy,  and  i 
the  notice  of  our  Redeemer  and  Saviour.  Ictn.,rr™tllin„.  Lt  rW.,L..,t;,„,  «i 
Never  will   my  angu 


stead   nothing    but  devastation   and   misery. 

h   be  erased  from   my  nM        .,      T.  °.         ,,    ,        ...         ,      ,,      „  ,.J , 

,          ,,  .    ■'■Then  the    Duke  added,   with   a   depth  of  fecl- 

emembrance.     In   my   retired   waks,  when1.        ,       u.   ,,  r'       t   ,  Tr.     '    ,     , 


•k   I  am  attached,  I  would  sacrifice  my 
ife  to  do  it." 


nig  he  should  never  forget,  'It  you  had  seen 
no  one  could   see  me.  in   the  depths  of  my  ,   »  ,         e  .     ,.°    '         ■>    ,  ,.„ 

.    „  ....  ,     .,  '     .,      T      ■',   but  one  day  of  war  in  the  course  of  your  he, 

grief,  were  my  petitions  made  that  the  Lord     ,/  .-        n    .   ,,    ,      ■>        .   ,.' 

°      ,',  ,  J  '  .,  ,.     .  |   you  would   prav  before   God   that  you  might 

would    grant    me   some  evidence  of   pity  and, J       „,_ '.,J     ,  „     T       .    .       ,.    •'  % 

,5  ,  •    .,  ,.  j       .        ..  'never  see  another.         1  n  giving  his  reasons  tor 

pardon  from  his  throne  of  mercy  and  not  cast  u  ,    n      Kn£llld£iti         bo   8aid 

me  oti  forever."     After  passing  through  this  «  „  - 

season  of  condemnation   and  judgment,  she  morooimjUfein,va/thEnm'oatmen,&ndI 
says:      I  gave  up  to  make  a  public  aeknowl-   ,  J   ivjl  d  jfT         ,d       '  w  y 

edgment,  in  our  meeting,  to  the  goodness  of         J      /..».  ,     t      '       -ct  rL      i.         ■ -i 

..  °r       ,'  .     ,,     .  TT     ,     y1'    ,  6  ,  ,   any  sacrifice  whatever— it  I  could  avoid,  even 

the  Lord,  in  that  He  had  taken  me  as  a  brand  e  J  „    .,  .    .,  .  '       . 

„  iL  '  .  ,,  7  ,  for  one  month,  a  civil  war,  in  a  country  to 

from   the   burning,  unworthy  as  1   was,  and      ,  •  - 
had  shown   mercy   unto   me.     And   oh!   un- 
speakable were  the  joy  and  comfort  which  I 
felt.     As  I  walked  along  the  road  in  returning 

home,  the  fields  and  whatever  I  looked  upon,!      "Why  do    .    .    .    the  people  imagine  a  vain 
seemed  like  a  now  creation."  thing.'''   Sure  enough  !   Why  do  people  imagine 

When  Stephen  Grellet  was  a  boy  at  school  that  they  can  make  anything  out  of  disobey- 
at  Lyons,  France,  be  had  a  dream,  or  "re-,  ing  God?  Why  do  they  suppose  that  they  can 
ligious  opening,"  which  made  a  deep  impres-  gain  in  the  long  run  by  cheating,  or  stealing, 
sion  on  bis  mind,  and  the  remembrance  of, or  lying?  Why  do  they  think  that  they 
which  helped  to  sustain  him  in  many  subse-  shall  fare  any  better  than  those  who  have 
quent  exercises  and  trials.  gone   before  them,  if  they  begin   a  course  of 

"I  thought  I  saw,"  be  says,  "a  large  com-  evil-doing  ?  A  great  many  people  do  have 
pany  of  persons,  or  rather  purified  spirits,  on  these  foolish  imaginings.  They  think  it  is 
one'of  those  floating  vessels,  which  they  have  safe  for  them  to  buy  lottery  tickets,  or  to 
at  Lyons,  on  the  Rhone,  occupied  by  washer-  stake  their  money  in  gambling.  Tbey  are 
women.  They  were  washing  linen".  I  won-  unwilling  to  believe  that  there  is  no  hope  of 
dered  to  see  what  beating  and  pounding  there  their  getting  safely  out  of  trouble  if  once  they 
was  upon  it,  but  how  beautifully  white  it  start  in  the  use  of  money  which  is  not  their 
came  out  of  their  hands.  I  was  told  I  could  own.  They  cannot  think  that  moderate  drink- 
not  enter  God's  kingdom  until  I  underwent  ing  is  imminent  danger  to  them.     They  fancy 

that  in  one  way  or  another  they  shall  bo 
taken  care  of,  if  they  wont  take  care  of  them- 
selves ;  and  if  they  refuse  salvation  on  its 
only  terras  so  long  as  they  have  a  choice  in 
the  matter,  salvation  will  somehow  be  forced 
on  them  when  they  can  refuse  no  longer. 
"  Why  do  the  people  imagine  a  vain  thing?" 
—H.  C.  Trumbull. 


such  an  operation, — that  unless  I  was  thus 
washed  and  made  white,  I  could  have  no  part 
in  the  dear  Sou  of  God.  For  weeks  I  was 
absorbed  in  the  consideration  of  the  subject — 
the  washing  of  regeneration.  I  had  never 
heard  of  such  things  before,  and  I  greatly 
wondered  that,  having  been  baptized  with 
water,  and  having  also  received  what  they 


86 


THE    FRIEND. 


They  also  Serve  who  only  Stand  and  Wait. — 
What  a  cheering  thought  this  is  to  very  many 
of  us  !  How  frequently  when  we  look  around 
and  see  people  who  always  seem  to  know 
how  to  say  and  do  the  right  thing  at  the 
right  time — seeming  to  be  always  active  and 
always  of  use  ;  we  muse  on  our  own  little- 
ness and  uselessness,  and  wonder  why,  with 
all  our  endeavors,  we  cannot  be  as  thoughtful 
as  they  are.  While  perhaps  if  we  could  on\y 
think  so,  we  are  at  that  time  doing  the  most 
important  work  we  could  do  by  being  in 
readiness  to  lend  a  helping  hand  whenever  it 
is  required. 

It  is  not  given  us  all  to  work  in  the  same 
manner,  else  there  would  be  some  vacant 
places  among  the  operatives.  If  we  were  all 
active,  busy,  go-ahead  workers— all  gathering 
sheaves  for  the  Lord  of  the  Harvest — there 
would  be  none  left  to  glean  the  straws  from 
the  border  of  the  field.  Let  us  not  then  be 
weary  of  our  life-work,  be  it  ever  so  obscure  ; 
but  remember  that  "  God  who  counts  by 
souls,  not  stations,"  loves  and  prospers  you 
and  me.  And  let  us  also  take  courage  when 
we  think  that  the  same  hand  which  formed 
the  torrent  mountain  stream,  rushing  head- 
long to  its  destiny,  also  formed  with  equal 
care  the  little  babbling  brook,  which  makes 
green  the  pastures  through  which  it  murmurs. 
—American  Rural  Home. 

It  is  not  the  having  a  high  temper,  but  it 
is  the  letting  a  high  temper  have  you,  that  you 
should  be  ashamed  of.  Unless  you  could  get 
angry,  you  would  not  be  worth  much  for 
active  service  in  the  world  ;  but  unless  you 
can  control  your  anger,  you  will  do  altogether 
too  much  in  the  world — and  that  not  in  the 
best  way.  A  strong  spirit  well  managed  is  a 
finer  sight  than  a  lack  of  spirit.  One  of  the 
precepts  of  Buddha's  Book  of  Virtue  is  :  "  He 
who  holds  back  rising  anger  like  a  rolling 
chariot,  him  I  call  a  real  driver  ;  other  people 
are  but  holding  the  reins."  A  better  Book 
than  Buddha's  says:  "He  that  is  slow  to 
anger  is  better  than  the  mighty  ;  and  he  that 
ruieth  his  spirit  than  he  that  taketh  a  city." 
—S.  S.  Times.     __^^_ 

Items. 

Opium  in  China. — A  petition  to  the  British 
House  of  Commons  against  the  opium  trade 
with  China,  was  signed  by  231  Protestant 
missionaries  in  that  country,  only  four  having 
refused  to  sign.  It  represents  the  use  of 
opium  as  an  evil  the  baneful  effects  of  which 
can  scarcely  bo  overestimated — that  by  the 
introduction  into  its  treaty  with  China  of  a 
clause  legalizing  the  opium  trade,  Great 
Britain  is  in  measure  responsible  for  those 
evils— t hut  its  use  is  rapidly  spreading — and 
that  it  presents  an  obstruction  to  the  success- 
ful prosecution  of  their  work. 

Business  value  of  Morality.— The  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railroad  presents  itself 
in  the  novel  attitude  of  a  censor  of  public 
morals.  It  has  workshops  at  Fort  Dodge,  in 
Kansas,  and  has  been  contemplating  their  ex- 
tension as  well  as  the  construction  of  a  tribu- 
tary line  from  that  point.  But  Fort  Hodge 
has  been  one  of  those  Western  towns  in  which 
decency  and   good  order  are  not  yet  cstab- 


lished. 

Gamb 

ing 

ilacos,  low  dancing-ha 

—the  l 

csorts  o 

ba< 

men   and  worse  worn 

the  rai 

been  ]. 
road  in 

n"!li 

rnoVthinl  itTprope! 

safe  iu 

such   i 

cuu 

imunity,  or  they  bhra 

from  the  moral  responsibility  of  inviting  a 
great  body  of  workmen  into  such  an  environ 
ment.  At  any  rate,  they  told  the  city  au 
thorities  that  they  must  enforce  the"  city 
ordinances  against  gambling  and  low  amuse- 
ments. If  they  did,  the  city  would  get  the 
new  shop  and  the  new  railroad  ;  if  not,  they 
would  remove  their  present  shops  to  another 
point.    This  had  the  desired  effect. — American. 

Rebuke  to  Obscenity. — W.  Montross,  of  the 
New  York  Police  Gazette,  was  convicted 
cently  in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  of  distributing 
"an  obscene  pictorial  newspaper,"  and  was 
sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  $1000  and  serve 
twelve  months  in  the  chain  gang.  It  appears 
that  several  weeks  ago  Montross  went  to 
Atlanta  by  order  'of  the  proprietor  of  that 
sheet,  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  test  case 
under  the  Georgia  law  of  1878.  The  Presid- 
ing Judge,  in  passing  sentence,  said  he  "  would 
impose  the  full  penalty,  because  the  defendant 
was  seeking  to  get  a  foothold  for  the  paper, 
which  has  been  suppressed  for  five  years.' 
The  case  will  be  appealed  to  the  Supreme 
Court. — Philada.  Ledger. 

Places  of  Worship  in  England  and  Wales. 
A  statistical  return  shows  that  the  established 
Church  of  England  has  14,573;  the  Wesleyan 
Methodists  and  their  various  divisions,  12,375 ; 
the  Independents,  2603  ;  Baptists,  2243  ;  Gal- 
vinistic  Methodists,  895 ;  Roman  Catholics. 
824;  Friends,  375;  English  Presbyterians, 
201 ;  Unitarians,  124,  and  Jews,  60. 

For  "  The  Frieni 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Sagacity  of  a  Horse. — Pains  have  been  taken 
to  verify  the  truth  of  the  following  narrative, 
published  in  Nature,  an  English  Journal. 

"  The  horse  under  notice,  an  old  blind  one, 
belonging  to  a  small  tradesman  and  farmer, 
was  turned  out  to  graze  on  the  common  near 
the  owner's  house.  For  some  cause  it  wound 
its  way  through  lanes  to  the  blacksmith's, 
where  he  had  often  been  before.  The  en 
trance  to  the  forge  is  difficult  of  access  on  ac 
count  of  the  ditches  on  either  side,  but  the 
animal  reached  it  safely,  took  its  stand  by  the 
forge,  and  then  neighed.  The  blacksmith 
being  at  work  in  his  garden,  and  hearing  a 
horse  neigh,  looked  for  it,  and  not  seeing  it, 
returned  to  his  gardening  operations.  In  a 
short  time  he  hoard  it  again,  but  could  not 
see  a  horse  anywhere,  until  be  went  into  his 
shop,  where  he  found  it  standing  very  quietly 
by  the  forge  as  if  waiting  to  be  shod.  Think- 
ing some  one  must  have  brought  it  there,  the 
blacksmith  looked  at  its  feet,  and  found  one 
with  the  shoe  pressing  into  the  frog,  causing 
great  pain.  He  then  put  on  another  shoe, 
and  sent  the  horse  back  to  its  owner." 

Corals  of  Ceylon. — What  far  more  interested 
me  than  the  terrestrial  gardens  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Galle,  were  the  submarine  coral 
gardens.  In  the  coloring  of  these,  green  pre- 
dominates in  a  great  variety  of  shades  and 
tones.  Innumerable  inhabitants  of  the  sea  of 
all  classes  are  colored  green,  such  as  many 
fishes  and  Crustacea,  worms  and  sea-anemones; 
indeed,  creatures  which  elsewhere  seldom  or 
never  appear  in  green  livery  wear  it  here; 
for  instance,  several  star-fish,  sea-urchins,  sea- 
cucumbers  ;  also  some  enormous  bivalves.  It 
is  impossible  to  weary  of  admiring  it,  for,  on 
the  one  band,  the  most  wonderful  gradations 
and  modifications  of  this  prevailing  green 
hue  may  be  traced,  and,  on  the  other,  num- 
bers of  vividly  and  gaudily  colored  forms  arc 


scattered  through  the  corals.  Many  smaf 
fishes  and  crustaceans  are  particularly  di| 
tinguished  by  such  gaudy  coloring  as  thej 
seek  their  food  among  the  ramifications  i| 
the  coral  trees. 

These  coral  gardens  display,  indeed,  a  lovelj 
and  truly  fairy-like  scene,  as  we  row  ovt 
them  in  a  boat  at  low  tide  and  on  a  calm  sei 
A  great  variety  of  most  beautiful  and  singula 
species  here  grow  close  together  on  so  nai 
row  a  space  that  in  a  very  few  days  I  mad 
a  splendid  collection.  I  procured  most  of  th 
corals  by  the  help  of  divers.  Armed  with 
strong  crowbar,  they  uprooted  the  limestom 
structure  of  even  very  large  coral  stocks  fror 
their  attachment  to  the  rocky  base,  and  raise 
them  most  skilfully  up  to  the  boat.  Thes 
masses  often  weighed  from  50  to  80  pound! 
and  it  cost  no  small  toil  and  care  to  lift  ther 
uninjured  into  the  boat.  Some  kinds  are  s 
fragile  that,  in  taking  them  out  of  the  watei 
they  break  by  their  own  weight.  It  is  no] 
from  above,  however,  that  a  coral  reef  dif! 
plays  its  full  beautj'.  In  the  absence  of 
diving-bell  I  tried  to  dive  to  the  bottom,  an.' 
keep  my  eyes  open  under  the  water,  and  afte1 
a  little  practice  I  found  this  easy.  The  efl| 
chanted  eye  is  startled  by  the  wonderfu 
effects  of  light,  which  are  so  different  frorj1 
those  of  the  upper  world  ;  and  they  lend  i 
double  interest  to  the  forms  and  movement 
of  the  myriads  of  creatures  thatswarm  amoni 
the  corals.  There  is  in  fact  a  whole  multf 
tude  of  singular  fishes,  Crustacea,  mollusca 
radiata,  worms,  &c,  whose  food  consists  soleb 
of  the  coral-polyps  among  whom  they  live.  ' 

But  the  naturalist  cannot  swim  with  im 
punity  among  thecoral  banks.  The Millepora 
as  well  as  the  Medusce  which  float  amonjj 
them,  burn  him,  wherever  they  touch,  liki 
the  most  venomous  nettles;  the  sting  of  thi 
fish  known  as  Synanceia,  is  as  painful  an( 
dangerous  as  that  of  the  scorpion  ;  numben 
of  crabs  nip  his  tender  feet  with  their  power 
fill  claws  ;  black  sea-urchins  thrust  their  foot 
long  spines,  covered  with  fine  prickles  settht 
wrong  way,  into  the  sole  of  his  foot,  when 
they  break  oft' and  remain,  causing  veiy  seri 
ous  wounds.  The  numberless  points  and  an 
gles  with  which  the  limestone  skeleton  of  the 
coral  is  armed,  inflict  wounds  at  every  at 
tempt  to  detach  and  remove  a  portion.  Nevej 
in  my  life  have  I  been  so  gashed  and  mangled 
as  after  a  few  days  of  diving  and  coral  fishing 
at  Galle.  But  what  are  these  transient  suffer 
ings  to  a  naturalist  when  set  in  the  seal* 
against  the  fairy-like  scenes  of  delight,  with, 
which  a  plunge  among  these  marvellous 
coral-groves  enriches  his  memory  for  life  !— 
HaeckeVs  Ceylon. 

Reasoning  Powers  in  the  Cat. — My  brother 
in-law,  Benjamin  Hall,  had  a  large  cat  which 
showed  some  characteristics  which  may  be 
worthy  of  record. 

He  was  much  attached  to  his  master,  and 
followed  him  in  his  walks  about  the  fields, 
after  the  manner  of  a  dog.  On  one  occasion 
he  was  thus  conducted  to  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  house  into  the  prairie,  wherl 
a  considerable  number  of  the  spotted  prairio 
gophers  had  colonized,  invited  no  doubt,  by 
the  favorable  condition  of  the  soil  for  their 
burrows.  The  cat  soon  captured  one  of  these, 
which  he  brought  to  his  master,  whose  ca- 
resses and  commendations  seemed  to  bo  highly 
gratifying  to  him.  The  cat  then  made  a 
breakfast  of  his  capture. 

Very  frequently  after  that  tho  cat  would 


THE    FRIEND. 


87 


:sort  to  this  favorite  bunting  ground,  but 
[onld  never  eat  his  game  on  the  spot,  but 
lould  bring  it  home  and  exhibit  it  in  triumph, 
:id.  after  being  duly  caressed,  would  quietly 
>  to  some  convenient,  retired  place,  and  make 

One  day  he  followed  his  master  among 
|>me  trees.  On  the  outer  end  of  a  bough,  a 
g  robin  was  observed  about  12  feet  from 
le  ground.  The  bird  was  soon  observed  by 
ie  cat,  who  deliberately  surveyed  the  situa- 
on  for  a  few  minutes  and  then  stealthily  re- 
tired to  the  foot  of  the  tree  and  began  to 
fcend  it  on  the  side  opposite  the  bird,  com- 
etely  concealing  himself  from  the  bird  till 
3  reached  a  large  limb  which  projected  out 
?er  the  bird.  Slowly  and  cautiously  be  crept 
;  the  upper  side  of  this  limb  till  nearly 
;er  the  bird,  when  he  gave  a  spring,  caught 
ie  bird  in  its  flight,  and  lit  upon  the  ground 
id  ran  away  with  his  prize.  He  had  been 
ten  reproved  for  catching  birds;  so,  as  if 
)nscious  he  had  done  wrong,  he  did  not  pre- 
int  himself  forcommendation  as  he  did  when 

had  caught  a  gopher. — J.  D.  Caton. 


Eveiy  morning  we  enter  upon  a  new  day, 
iriying  still  an  unknown  future  in  its  bosom, 
noughts  may  be  born  to-day,  which  may 
pver  be  extinguished.  Hopes  may  be  excited 
day  which  may  never  expire.  Acts  may 
performed  to-day,  the  consequence  of  which 
ay  not  bo  realized  till  eternit}'. 


THE    FRIEND. 


TENTH  MONTH  20,  18S3. 


Our  attention  has  been  called  to  the  sub- 
ct  of  secret  societies  by  a  communication 
rom  a  correspondent  in  Indiana,  which  pro- 
ouHids  several  queries  on  this  subject.  Our 
ng-settled  belief  has  been,  that  Masonry, 
ddfcllowship  and  similar  organizations  were 
Bsociated  with  so  many  objectionable  and 
cil  things,  that  no  member  of  our  Society 
Bid  consistently  be  connected  with  them, 
ut  we  have  supposed,  that  the  members  of 
hiladelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  and  those  elsc- 
fhere  among  whom  our  paper  circulates, 
ere  so  generally  preserved  from  being  en- 
ingled  in  this  snare,  that  there  was  no  neces- 
ty  to  refer  to  the  subject  in  these  columns, 
'he  queries  of  our  Indiana  friend  have  led  to 
)me  reflection  and  inquiry;  and  to  the  be- 
ief  that  it  may  be  right  to  caution  some  of 
lur  younger  members,  who  may  be  tempted 
o  enter  into  such  associations. 

In  the  general  diffusion  of  light  and  intelli- 
gence which  mark  the  present  age,  the  objects 
nd  methods  pursued  by  the  most  prominent 
f  these  secret  societies  are  clearly  set  forth 
n  various  reliable  works,  which  are  readily 
ccessible.  These  show  that  they  claim  a 
[eld  of  usefulness  in  the  obligation  which 
hey  impose  of  assisting  and  relieving  their 
sllow-members  when  in  distress.  This  is 
ndeed  their  strongest  claim  on  the  respect 
f  the  community,  and  the  most  effective 
rgument  to  persuade  others  to  enter  their 
anks.  But  statistics  prove  that  only  a  small 
lortion  of  the  fees  received  by  the  lodges 
.re  so  used, — a  large  part  being  wasted  in 
egalia,  processions,  buildings  and  other  use- 
ess  expenses.  The  sin  and  responsibility  for 
uch  waste,  and  for  the  idle  ceremonies,  de- 
tructive  of  self-respect,  which  the  ritual  of 


these  organizations  prescribes,  must  rest  on 
the  members.  The  obligation  to  render  mu- 
tual help  has  often  been  applied,  not  only 
to  the  extension  of  pecuniary  aid  to  those  in 
distress,  but  to  the  shielding  of  one  another 
from  the  just  punishment  due  to  crime ;  and 
thus  has  obstructed  the  course  of  justice,  and 
promoted  immorality. 

The  discipline  of  our  Society  enjoins  upon 
us  the  dut3'  of  caring  for  those  of  our  number 
who  are  in  want — and  the  query  is  often  in 
each  year  read  in  our  meetings,  "are  they 
relieved,  or  assisted  in  such  business  as  they 
are  capable  of?"  There  is  no  reason,  there- 
jfore,  why  our  members  should  seek  to  pro- 
vide for  future  contingencies  by  such  outside 
methods,  which  involve  much  expense,  and 
are  attended  with  many  evils. 

The  frequent  meeting  of  the  lodges  ;  the 
participation  in  their  foolish  ceremonies;  the 
close  affiliation  with  men  of  corrupt  mind 
the  use  of  flattering  titles,  so  conspicuous  a 
feature  in  their  prescribed  forms  ;  and  the 
withdrawal  of  men  from  their  families;  all 
exercise  a  hurtful  influence.  But  the  mys- 
terious secrecy  with  which  they  endeavor  to 
shroud  their  proceedings  is  one  of  the  strongest 
reasons,  that  should  keep  a  Friend  away 
from  such  organizations.  There  is  no  need 
of  secrecy  for  an}-  honorable  and  good  work 
— "He  that  doeth  truth  cometh  to  the  light, 
that  his  deeds  may  be  made  manifest."  Under 
the  shelter  of  darkness  men  will  often  do  that 
which  they  would  shrink  from  exposing  to 
the  public  gaze  ;  and  the  more  thoroughly 
the  proceedings  of  an  association  are  hidden 
from  view,  the  more  danger  there  is  of  its 
influence  being  used  for  corrupt  and  baneful 
purposes  by  ungodly  and  designing  men.  The 
exhortation  of  the  apostle  may  well  be  given 
to  all  who  are  asked  to  join  such  societies 
— "Have  no  fellowship  with  the  unfruitful 
works  of  darkness,  but  rather  reprove  them." 

The  disciplines  of  some  of  the  Yearly  Meet 
ings  of  Friends  contain  specific  prohibitions 
of  their  members  joining  with  such  secret 
societies.  That  of  Philadelphia  contains  no 
distinct  reference  to  the  subject.  It  has,  we 
believe,  always  been  regarded  as  so  open]}-  at 
variance  with  the  whole  tenor  of  our  profes- 
sion, that  no  true  Friend  could  be  expected 
to  take  such  a  step.  Our  discipline  is  not 
merely  a  series  of  specific  rules,  which  leaves 
our  members  at  liberty  to  do  everything  they 
may  please,  that  is  not  enumerated  therein. 
While  it  laj-s  down  a  general  course  of  pro- 
cedure in  conducting  the  affairs  of  the  Church, 
one  of  its  objects  is  to  provide  for  such  a 
supervision  of  the  conduct  of  our  members  as 
may  assist  in  preserving  them  faithful  to  our 
principles.  In  accordance  with  this,  if  a 
member  should  become  a  Mason  or  Oddfellow, 
we  believe  it  would  be  the  duty  of  the  over- 
seers of  the  meeting  to  which  he  belonged  to 
endeavor  to  convince  him  of  his  error  and  to 
induce  him  to  withdraw  from  such  associa- 
tions, so  dangerous  to  his  spiritual  growth  or 
life,  and  so  derogatory  to  our  holy  profession. 
But  such  cases  have  so  seldom  occurred  or 
been  known,  that  it  can  scarce^  be  said  any 
practice  in  reference  to  them  has  become 
established  among  us. 

When  the  Grange  Associations  were  formed 
in  the  farming  community  a  few  years  ago, 
some  Friends  residing  in  the  rural  districts 
joined  with  them.  There  are  probably  fewer 
evils  connected  with  these  than  with  the 
societies   above   referred    to ;    yet   they    are 


liable  to  some  of  the  same  objections  ;  and 
the  principle  of  secrecy  and  the  adoption  of 
passwords,  known  only  to  the  initiated,  ought 
to  deter  every  Friend  from  remaining  in  ihem. 
They  have  been  a  cause  of  concern  to  many 
of  our  Friends  from  a  fear  (which  experience 
has  confirmed)  that  they  would  prove  un- 
favorable to  the  best  interests  of  those  who 
joined  them. 

Our  correspondent  queries:  "Are  there 
many  known  instances  of  members  of  Phila- 
delphia Yrearly  Meeting  who  are  Masons  or 
Oddfellows?"  "Would  your  members  who 
have  taken  the  oaths  or  obligations  of  these 
dark  organizations  be  allowed  a  public  testi- 
mony in  meetings  while  they  adhered  to  the 
principle  of  secrecy  ?" 

"  Is  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  apprized 
of  the  extent  to  which  Friends  in  some — 
even  manj' — western  localities,  are  bound  in 
secrecy,  and  yet  are  active  members?" 

As  to  the  condition  of  things  in  this  respect 
in  distant  Yearly  Meetings,  we  know  but 
little.  To  the  other  two  queries,  what  has 
been  said  may  be  a  sufficient  answer. 

Since  the  preceding  paragraphs  were  writ- 
ten and  sent  to  the  printer,  a  letter  has  been 
received  from  a  Friend  in  Iowa,  expressing 
"  feelings  of  gratitude  for  and  unity  with  the 
Editorial  remarks  in  'The  Friend'  of  10th  mo. 
6th,  in  regard  to  Good  Templarism  in  parti- 
cular, and  to  secret  societies  in  general ;  and 
to  the  truth  that  a  true  Friend  cannot  enter 
into  such  a  work  as  'the  missionary  in  the 
South,'  says  in  the  British  Friend,  he  is  en- 
gaged in. 

"  With  all  the  falling  away  from  the  truth 
for  which  our  forefathers  suffered,  this  leth- 
argy, ignorance  or  indifference  in  regard  to 
secret  societies  has  crept  in,  until,  in  some 
places,  it  is  no  obstruction  to  the  recording  of 
a  minister,  or  the  filling  of  any  office  in  the 
(so-called)  Society  of  Friends." 

This  letter  confirms  the  impression  given 
by  our  Indiana  correspondent,  as  to  the  need 
of  calling  attention  to  this  source  of  evil.  We 
hope  that  the  neighborhoods  are  but  few, 
where  any  under  our  name  have  been  entan- 
gled in  this  snare  ;  and  that  such  as  may  have 
entered  into  secret  obligations  without  suffi- 
cient reflection,  will  be  led  to  give  up  all  con- 
nection with  such  associations.  For  we  be- 
lieve, that  the  Divine  power  and  Spirit  of 
Chi'ist,  which  has  heretofore  preserved  our 
Society,  and  made  it  in  measure,  as  a  light  in 
the  world,  will  never  lead  any  of  its  members 
into  such  hidden  ways  of  darkness. 


The  Yearly  Meeting  of  Ohio,  whoso  busi- 
ness sessions  commenced  on  Second-day,  the 
1st  inst.,  is  reported  to  have  been  a  satisfac- 
tory meeting,  in  which  much  tenderness  and 
solemnity  of  feeling  was  manifested.  We 
have  received  some  accounts  of  its  proceed- 
ings, but  defer  publishing  them  till  our  next 
number,  in  hopes  of  receiving  fuller  informa- 
tion on  some  points. 

In  the  present  number,  will  be  found  the 
Report  of  their  proceedings  made  to  our  last 
Yearly  Meeting  b}-  the  Committee  appointed 
the  previous  year  to  visit  our  meetings  and 
members.  It  seemed  desirable  to  place  this 
valuable  document  where  it  could  readily  be 
referred  to. 


88 


THE    FRIEND. 


. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — A  decision  was  rendered  bv  the 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  on  the  15th  instant, 

in  five  Civil   Eights  eases.     They   were  prosecutions 

under  the  Civil  Eights  Act  for  not  admitting  certain 

in  inns  and  hotels,  in  railroad  ears  and  in  theatres. 
The  Court  holds  that  Congress  had  no  constitutional 
authority  to  pass  the  first  and  second  sections  of  the 
Civil  Eights  act  of  3rd  mo.  1st,  1875,  under  either  the 
Thirteenth  or  Fourteenth  Amendments  to  the  Consti- 
tution. The  decision,  however,  is  held  to  apply  only  to 
the  validity  of  the  law  in  the  States,  and  not  in  the 
Territories  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  where  the  legis- 
lative power  of  Congress  is  unlimited.  So  far  as  the 
Slates  are  concerned,  the  two  sections  of  the  law  above 
referred  to  are  declared  unconstitutional  and  void. 
Justice  Harlan  dissented,  as  the  opinion  defeated  the 
intention  of  the  people  and  what  they  supposed  they 
had  accomplished. 

The  cotton  returns  to  the  Deparment  of  Agriculture 
show  that  the  condition  of  the  crop  on  the  1st  of  10th 
mo.  was  worse  than  on  the  1st  of  9th  mo.  The  drouth 
at  many  points,  the  ravages  of  worms  and  the  result  of 
previous  injuries  have  reduced  the  general  average  of 
condition  from  74  to  68. 

Lieutenant  Story,  who  went  upon  the  last  trip  of  the 
revenue  steamer  Corwin  to  distribute  among  the  Tchek- 
chee  Indians  of  Alaska  the  $5000  worth  of  presents 
given  by  the  Government  in  recognition  of  the  fact 
that  they  afforded  shelter  and  food  to  the  officers  and 
crew  of  the  steamer  Rogers,  burned  in  1881,  reported 
the  discovery  of  an  immense  river,  hitherto  unknown 
to  geographers.  It  is  his  opinion  that  the  discovery  of 
this  river  accounts  for  the  large  quantities  of  floating 
timber  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  which  has  popularly  been 
supposed  to  come  down  the  Yukon  river.  The  Indians 
stated  that  the  river  in  some  places  is  twenty  miles 
wide.     It  lies  within  the  Arctic  Circle. 

President  John  W.  Garrett,  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Eailroad,  has  announced  that  arrangements  have 
been  made  for  a  regular  weekly  line  of  first-class  steam- 
ships between  Baltimore  and  Liverpool. 

The  switchmen  on  all  railroads  centering  in  St.  Louis 
and  East  St.  Louis,  entered  on  a  general  strike  for 
shorter  hours  and  higher  wages  at  noon  on  the  15th 
inst.  They  demand  ten  hours  as  a  day's  work,  extra 
pay  for  First-days,  and  30  cents  per  hour  for  all  time 
over  ten  hours,  besides  $05  per  month  for  26  working 
days.  The  strikers  number  600  men.  The  strike  will 
probably  cause  a  blockade  of  freight  in  East  St.  Louis. 

The  first  annual  Convention  of  the  American  Street 
Eailway  Association  began  in  Chicago  on  the  9th  inst., 
with  an  attendance  of  about  100  Presidents  and  Super- 
intendents of  street  railways  of  the  country.  The  object 
of  the  association  is  the  acquisition  of  experimental 
and  statistical  knowledge  relating  to  the  construction, 
equipment  and  operation  of  street  railways.  Papers 
have  been  prepared  on  track  construction,  propelling 
power,  buildings,  collection  of  fares  and  the  removing 
of  snow  and  ice.  The  question  of  electricity 
power  will  be  given  special  attention. 

Two  residents  of  Brooklyn,  one  19  years  old  and  the 
other  47,  have  recently  died  from  the  effects  of  nicotine 
absorbed  into  the  system  from  cigarettes. 

Governor  Eli  Murray  of  Utah,  has  made  a  report  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on  the  condition  of  affairs 
in  that  Territory  with  reference  to  the  "  Mormon 
problem."  He  says:  "A  combination  to  nullify  the 
laws  of  Congress  has  long  existed  in  Utah.  This  con- 
spiracy held  open  rebellion  at  one  time  and  continues 
at  all  times  to  evade  and  defeat  the  plain  will  of  Con- 
gress and  the  President,  and  the  adjudication  of  the  Su- 
preme Court.  I  am  compelled  to  warn  yon  Mr.  Secre- 
tary, and  through  you  the  country,  of  dangers  that  beset 
the  country  in  this  '  irrepressible  conflict,'  and  to  make 
earnest  appeal  for  the  adjustment  ol 
ie  establishment  of  good  government 
ress,  which  undoubtedly  possesses  the 
eve  it  to  be  its  duty  to  do  this  quick- 

ng   bigamy,  it  continues  to   be  openly 

by  i  ongress  nol  only  joins,  but  leads 


The  election  in  Iowa,  held  the  same  day,  resulted  ii 
favor  of  Governor  Sherman,  Eepublican,  by  20,00( 
majority,  and  the  adoption  of  the  prohibition  amend 

At  Nashville,  Tennessee,  on  the  11th,  the  municipal 
election  resulted  in  an  overwhelming  victory  for  the 
Citizens'  Reform  ticket  over  the  candidates  for  re-elec- 
tion of  the  old  regime).  "  The  Reform  ticket  was  com- 
posed of  colored  and  white  men,  Democrats  and  Ee- 
puhlicans,  party  lines  being  obliterated." 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  for  the  week  ending  13th 
inst.  were  322,  as  against  319  last  week,  and  298  for  the 
same  period  last  year.  Of  the  foregoing,  172  were  males 
and  150  females  :  48  died  of  consumption  ;  21  of  pneu- 
monia; 16  of  Bright's  disease;  12  of  marasmus,  and  11 
each  of  typhoid  fever,  croup  and  old  age. 

Markets,  &C.—  V.  S.  4J's,  114f  a  114|;  4's,  121  a 
121f;  3's,  reg.,  100  a  100:};  currency  6's,  129  a  136}. 

Cotton. — There  was  iJo  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
11  a  11}  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8}  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9}  a  9j  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull  but,  prices  remain  about  the 
same  as  last  quoted.  Sales  of  2200  barrels,  including 
Minnesota  extras  at  $5.50  a  16.25  ;  Pennsylvania  family 
at  *5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and  patents  at  J6  a 
$7.25.  _   Eye  flour  is  firm  at  §4  per  barrel  for  pure. 

Grain. — Wheat  is  moderately  active  and  steady. 
Sales  of  7500  bushels  red,  in  car  lots,  at  $1.02  a  $1.16. 
Eye  is  nominal.  Corn. — Car  lots  are  in  good  demand 
and  strong.  Sales  of  11,000  bushels  at  58  a  63  cts.,  as 
to  quality.  Oats. — Car  lots  met  with  a  good  inquiry  at 
full  prices.     Sales  of  1 2,000  bushels  at  35J  a  39  cts. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  10th 
mo.  13th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  401  ;  loads  of  straw,  64. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  80  a  90 
cts.  per  100  lbs.  r  mixed,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 

•aw,  75  a  85  els.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  at  former  rates  :  4000 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a  6| 
cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  continue  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were 
teady  :  14,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
ards  at  2  a  5}  cts.  per  lb.,  and  lambs  at  3}  a  7}  cts. 
per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  demand :  7500  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  7  a  7|  cts.  per  lb.  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— The  London  Standard's  Paris  despatch 

ys,  there  is  strong  apprehension  that  if  Spain  does 

not  obtain  satisfaction  for  the  insults  to  King  Alfonso, 

Germany  will  interpose  and    exact  it.     It  is  asserted 

ny  will  require  an  apology  as  well 


in  this  ri 
all  wronj 
in  Utah 

power,  ai 

ly."  IB 
of  1S62, 
taught  :, 
Territon 


In  the  election  held  in  Ohio  on  the  9th  instant,  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  was  elected  by  a 
majority  of  more  than  12,000.  Figures  have  been 
published  from  every  county  except  Stark,  showing 
that  for  the  prohibition  amendment  320,450  votes  were 
oast,  which  gives  nearly  70,000  majority  against  pro- 
hibition. The  Judicial  amendment  is  carried  beyond 
doubt.  The  first  amendment  will  not  get  over  100,000 
votes. 


that  Germany  will 

The  Governor  of  Cochin  China  reports  that  he  .... 
completed  an  agreement  with  the  King  of  Cambodia 
by  which  the  latter  will  introduce  for  the  future  govern 
ment  of  his  kingdom  a  new  constitution.  The  agree 
Luent  confirms  the  establishment  of  a  French  protecto- 
rate, provides  liberal  institutions  for  the  people,  es- 
tablishes measures  for  the  security  of  property,  reor- 
a  motive  ganizes  the  administrative  and  judicial  systems,  and 
entirely  abolishes  slavery.  It  also  provides  that  the 
collection  of  indirect  taxes  shall  be  entrusted  to  French 
officers,  and  France  will  receive  00, 000  piasters  annu- 
ally. 

The  Paris  Telegraph  says  that  at  the  Ministry  of 
Marine  the  Shaw  difficulty  is  regarded  as  settled.  It 
says  Shaw  will  get  an  indemnity  of  60,000  francs  for 
losses  at  the  hands  of  the  French  in  Madagascar,  and 
that  the  French  Minister  of  Foreign  A  flairs  will  address 
lo  the  British  Foreign  Office  a  diplomatic  letter  regret- 
ling  the  occurrence. 

Dr.  Koch,  of  the  German  Commission  which  went  to 
Egypt  to  investigate  the  cholera  epidemic  which  re- 
cently prevailed  there,  reports  that  he  has  discovered 
that  cholera  is  due  to  a  living  thread-like  microscopic 
organism  resembling  that  seen  in  cases  of  phthisis. 

The  Khedive  of  Egypt  has  issued  a  decree  granting 
amnesty  to  all  persons  implicated  in  the  late  rebellion, 
except  those  convicted  of  murder  and  outrage. 

The  Spanish  Ministry  has  been  unable  to  agree  upon 
what  course  should  be  pursued  by  the  Government  in 
view  of  the  refusal  of  France  to  make  further  repara- 
tion for  the  treatment  of  King  Alfonso  in  Paris.  General 
Martinez-Campos,  Minister  of  War,  also  renewed  his 
resolution  to  resign.  For  these  and  other  reasons  the 
entire  Ministry  tendered  their  resignations  to  the  king 
on  the  11th  instant,  leaving  the  task  of  settling  the 
pending  difficulty  with  France  to  a  new  Ministry.  A 
Madrid  despatch  to  Eeuter's  Telegram  Company  says 
that  the  following  Cabinet  has  been  formed:  I'osada- 
Ilerrera,  President  of  the  Council;  BnizGomez,  Minis- 
ter of  Foreign  Aflairs;  Gallostra,  Minister  of  Finance; 
Moret,  Minister  of  the  Inteiior;  Linares-Eivas,  Minis- 


ter of  Justice  ;  Sardoal,  Minister  of  Commerce ;  Generi 
Lopez-Domingiie/.,  Minister  of  War  ;  Valcarcel,  Mini 
ter  of  Marine,  and  Suarez-Inclan,  Minister  of  the  Col. 
nies.  The  members  of  the  new  Cabinet  took  the  oat 
of  office  on  the  13th  inst.  It  is  considered  donbtfi 
whether  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Cortes  wi 
unconditionally  support  the  new  Cabinet,  especially  i 
its  policy  on  the  questions  of  universal  suffrage  and  cor 
stitutional  reform. 

The  heavy  rains  which  have  prevailed  recently  i 
the  province  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  Spain,  hav 
flooded  that  section  of  the  country.  Several  miles  t 
railway  track  have  been  carried  away,  and  two  bridge 
destroyed,  causing  an  entire  suspension  of  traffic.  Fiv 
villages  are  partially  submerged,  and  several  lives  hav 
been  lost.  The  fields  and  orchards  have  sustained  grea 
damage. 

On  the  14th  of  the  present  month,  a  strong  shock  c 
earthquake,  lasting  from  8  to  10  seconds,  was  felt  on  th 
Island  of  Chios,  during  which  several  houses  were  de 
strayed  and  some  persons  injured.  The  shock  was  ala 
felt  at  Syra  and  Smyrna,  and  there  was  much  damag 
and  loss  of  life  at  Aivali.  A  Santa  Marta  paper  of  9ti 
mo.  19th,  reports  that  a  number  of  shocks  of  earthquak 
had  been  felt  in  that  city  and  its  vicinity,  and  that  th 
sun  had  presented  an  appearance  which  had  alarme 
the  populace.  It  appears  that  at  the  time  when  th 
earthquakes  were  occurring  in  Java,  noises  were  hear 
'n  the  earth  in  many  parts  of  Colombia  and  Ecuadoi 
and  slight  shocks  of  earthquake  were  felt  in  many  placet 
The  sky  presented  an  unusual  appearance.     A  volcan 

said  to  have  become  active  in  Cauea,  which  has  bee: 
dormant  since  the  Conquest,  and  it  may  be,  for-  Ion; 
prior  to  that  epoch. 

Lima,  10th  mo.  12th.— Volunteers  have  been  invite« 
to  enrol  for  the  civil  guard  under  the  Iglesias  Govern 
ment,  for  the  protection  of  Lima  and  Callao,  when  thes 
cities  have  been  evacuated  by  the  Chilians.  It  is  ex 
pected  that  the.  evacuation  will  take  place  soon. 


NOTICE. 
Huldah  H.  Bonwill  requests  that  any  Friends  o 
others  having  partly-worn  clothing,  bedding,  carpeti 
&c,  which  they  are  willing  to  contribute  to  thecomfoi 
and  relief  of  the  needy  in  Kansas  and  the  Indian  Terri 
tory,  would  send  such  articles  to  Friends'  Book  Store 
No.  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia.  She  has  found  mucl 
need  among  the  Indians,  and  among  the  colored  peopl 
ind  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas,  who  have  suffered  Iron 
11-pox.  Being  on  the  spot,  she  will  attend  to  th< 
distribution  of  what  may  be  sent. 

WANTED, 
A  woman  Friend  as  teacher  in  the  Select  School  fo 
Boys.     One  specially  qualified  to  teach  reading  ant 
writing,  desired.     Apply  to 

Geo.  J.  Scattergood,  620  Spruce  St. 
Mary  M.  Leeds,  3221  North  17th  St. 

GLEANINGS  AT  SEVENTY-FIVE. 

Henry  Longstreth,  bookseller,  has  issued  a  second 

edition  of  the  above  compilation  by  Susan  Lukens,  lati 

of  Ercildoun,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.     Price  75  cents,  postagi 

included. 


NOTICE  TO  TEACH  VMS,   PARENTS  AND 
OTHERS. 

The  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Education  have 
placed  a  book  at  Friends'  Hook  Store,  No.  304  Arch  St. 
Philadelphia,  where  applications  from  teachers  wish- 
ing situations,  and  committees  who  desire  to  employ 
teachers  among  Friends,  may  be  recorded. 

Please  give  address,  and  full  particulars. 

Elliston  P.  Morris,  Clerk.  •' 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOE  THE  INSANE.  I 
Near  Frank  ford,  {Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 

Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D 
Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be, 

made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  o: 

Managers. 


PlED,  8th  mo.  26th,  at  Salem,  New  Jersey,  Hannah 
iughter  of  Priscilla  S.  and  the  late  Samuel  O.  BhepJ 
pard,  in  the  41st  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Salem 
Monthly  Meeting. 

,  9th  mo.  30th,  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  John  D.] 

Harvey,  a  member  of  Frankford  Monthly  Meeting, 
in  the  75th  year  of  his  age. 

— ,  on  the  7th  of  10th  month,  Ann  Jess,  a  niem-i 
berof  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia 
aged  88  years. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TENTH  MONTH 


NO.    12. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
i    Price,   if  paid  in   advance,  ?2.00  per  annum. 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  OP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Kmcr  .1 


second-class  i 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The    Friend." 

etters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  82.) 

To  S.  L. 

"  2d  mo.  24th,  1847. 

My  dear  friend  S.  L., — The  receipt  of  thy 
lournful  lines  the  other  evening,  has  awak- 
ned  in  my  mind  such  a  renewed  feeling  of 
Empathy  and  tender  concern,  that  I  feel  as 
i"I  could  not  delay  thus  to  sit  down  and  let 
bee  know  it ;  and  if  it  may  be  so,  endeavor 
a  engage  thy  heart  to  look  again  unto  the 
Jessed  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  the  soul,  who 
1  nearer  to  thee  in  thy  present  exercise  than 
hou  art  aware  of;  and  although  He  is  for  the 
resent  causing  thee  sorrow,  yet  will  He  have 
ompassion  according  to  the  multitude  of  his 
cics.  He  cannot  abandon  that  which  He 
ath  begotten,  and  if  He  had  not  awakened 
bee  to  a  sense,  or  rather  kept  thee  awake 
d  the  sense  of  thy  need  of  Him,  and  of  thy 
overly,  and  nakedness,  and  emptiness  with- 
ut  his  sensible  presence,  where  wouldst  thou 
ave  been?  Ah,  surely,  where  would  any  of 
S  be  if  it  were  not  that  He  keeps  that  alive 
n  us,  that  is  not  satisfied  without  the  bread 
mmortal  life?  This  mournful,  painful, 
lmost  despairing  sense  of  hunger  with  which 
uls  are  afflicted  from  day  to  day,  is  evi- 
ence  certain  that  the  Lord  hath  not  shut  us 
p  under  the  seal  of  condemnation,  and  cast 
s  off.  O  what  a  sad  condition  would  that  be 
a  which  wc  should  have  no  sense,  no  life,  no 
anging  after  spiritual  food  !  This  is  not  thy 
use  ;  thou  canst  not  sit  down  at  ease  and  say, 
for  none  of  these  things,  and  that  it 
Bikes  very  little  difference  whether  the  will 
f  the  Lord  is  done  or  not!  O,  no!  thou  art 
nwardly  longing  that  it  may  be  done  in  thee 
nd  by  thee,  but  I  see  plainly  by  what  thou 
ast  said,  and  by  what  I  have  felt,  that  thou 
rt  like  some  others  have  been,  unwilling  to 
ook  at  the  chief  cause,  may  I  not  say  the 
■nly  cause  of  thy  trouble. 

I  know  it  is  hard  to  believe,  when  we  see 
>ur  wretched,  empty,  and  poor  condition,  that 
uch  an  one  can  possibly  be  called  upon  to 
idp  others.  But  ah,  my  sister,  herein  lies  our 
trength.  '  My  family  is  poor  in  Manasseh, 
nd  I  am  the  least  in  my  father's  house,'  was 
he  language  of  an  eminent  instrument  for 


good  to  others,  than  when  we  come  to  a  sense 
of  our  own  nothingness  and  dependence  upon 
Divine  mercy ;  for  this  is  the  ground-work  of 
every  thing  we  partake  of;  and,  after  all  we 
can  do  in  conformity  to  the  Divine  will,  the 
011I3-  means  of  acceptance  still.  I  know  not 
any  state  with  which  I  can  so  fully  sympa- 
thize as  such  an  one  as  thine ;  and  I  know 
from  heartfelt  experience,  that  it  is  not  a  lost 
or  castaway  state,  and  if  in  the  ordering  of 
Divine  wisdom  I  may  be  in  any  degree  instru- 
mental in  bringing  thee  out  of  it,  my  soul 
shall  praise  the  Lord  for  his  mercj-,  and  for 
his  wonderful  works  to  the  children  of  men. 
0  lie  sutlers  long  ami  is  kind,  or  else  where 
would  my  poor  soul  have  been  ?  And  where 
would  it  even  now  be  if  it  were  not  for  his 
all  sustaining  arm?  for  although  sometimes  I 
seem  confident,  yet  am  I  often  brought  to  feel 
as  thou  expresses  it  of  thyself,  as  if  1  could  be 
of  no  use,  and  as  though  faith  in  Divine  power 
was  almost  taken  away.  Art  thou  ready  to 
sk,  what  shall  I  do  that  I  may  be  delivered 
from  this  state  of  doubt,  and  darkness,  and 
ear?  Ah,  sink  down  to  that  which  makes 
thee  sensible  of  it,  in  true  resignation  to  the 
ordering  of  all-sufficient  wisdom  and  power. 
Stand  still  and  know  that  I  am  God,'  is  pre- 
cious counsel ;  and  as  we  labor  to  know  it.  we 
shall  at  seasons  be  favored  with  the  living 
experience  of  it,  wherein  the  soul  can  truly 
worship  and  rejoice  that  his  will  should  be 
done,  and  we  enabled  to  do  it.  Heed  not  thy 
own  uncleanness  or  vileness;  look  over  this 
to  the  mercy  of  God,  who  knows  thee  better 
than  thou  knowest  thyself,  and  before  whom 
every  thought  of  thy  heart  is  naked  and  bare. 
We  cannot  but  see  ourselves  vile,  and  poor, 
and  wretched,  naked  and  miserable,  if  we  have 
the  true  light  shining  in  our  hearts;  anil  I 
apprehend  we  shall  alwa}rs  have  more  or  less 
of  this  experience,  till  we  come  to  be  swal- 
lowed up  in  the  ineffable  fulness  of  Him  who 
filleth  all  in  all.  How  can  we  feel  otherwise 
than  vile,  when  we  compare  ourselves  with 
the  standard  of  eternal  perfection,  even  when 
we  look  upon  Him  before  whom  even  the 
angels  hide  their  faces,  worship  and  adore? 
O  it  is  no  sin  to  feel  ourselves  sinful,  to  feel 
we  are  far  removed  from  that  purity  which 
belongs  to  the  children  of  God.  But  it  re- 
mains for  us  to  quicken  our  footsteps  in  pur- 
suit of  it,  and  to  endeavor  to  dwell  so  near 
our  Divine  Master  by  faith,  that  we  may  feel 
Him  to  be  a  shield  and  a  defence  round  about 
us,  on  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left  ;  and 
how  are  we  to  keep  near  Him,  if  it  is  not  by 
following  closely  after  Him  in  all  his  requir- 
ings,  by  keeping  such  a  close  watch  that  wc 
shall  not  be  separated  from  Him  by  lagging 
behind  or  running  before?  and  as  we  are 
honestly  concerned  that  this  should  be  the 
case,  although  we  may  have  to  pass  through 
seasons  of  trial  and  conflict,  and  majT  at  times 


aerly,  and  what  was  the  answer,  'Go  in  this  miss  of  faithfully  fulfilling  what  we  know  to 
fay  strength  and  thou  shalt  save  Israel.'  We  be  right,  or  according  to  our  tempers  and  dis 
re  never  better  fitted  to  be  instrumental  of  j positions  sometimes  overshooting  the  marls 


of  true  obedience,  yet  as  it  is  the  honest  pur- 
pose and  concern  of  our  spirits  to  be  found 
doing  his  will,  He  will  from  time  to  time  heal 
all  our  backslidings,  and  love  us  freely.  O 
what  a  merciful  and  compassionate  High 
Priest  and  Saviour  we  have,  touched  with  a 
feeling  of  our  infirmities,  and  ready  to  take 
upon  "Him  from  time  to  time  our  many  mis- 
steppings  and  wanderings.  'If  any  man  sin, 
we  have  an  advocate  with  the  Father,  Jesus 
Christ,  the  righteous;  and  He  is  the  propitia- 
tion for  our  sins,  and  not  for  ours  only,  but 
for  the  sins  of  the  whole  world.'  O,  to  feel 
this  truth  is  precious:  to  be  able  to  throw 
ourselves  into  the  arms  of  our  merciful  High 
Priest.  Shepherd,  and  King,  who  will  inter- 
cede for  us,  watch  over  us,  and  as  we  come 
under  his  dominion,  rule  over  and  protect  us. 
My  exercised  sister,  for  so  I  can  truly  call 
thee  in  the  fellowship  of  suffering,  mayest 
thou  be  engaged  inwardly  to  seek  for  a  capa- 
city to  cast  thyself  wholly  upon  Him,  and 
into  his  care  and  keeping,  making  no  reserves. 
For  although  I  well  know  that  the  sacrifice 
of  a  public  dedication  of  thyself  to  the  work 
of  the  Lord,  will  indeed  be  as  death,  yet  is  it 
not  the  less  needed  as  a  means  of  living  unto 
Him.  It  may  seem  hard  in  the  outset,  but  I 
am  well  assured,  that  as  thy  own  will  in  the 
matter  comes  to  be  slain,  thou  wilt  find  the 
blessed  reward  of  peace  springing  up,  uniting 
thee  in  nearer  and  nearer  fellowship  with  the 
Lord's  true  children,  enlarging  thy  under- 
standing in  his  heavenly  mysteries,  enabling 
thee  to  overcome  the  secret  lusts,  and  passions, 
and  affections,  whose  ascendency  over  thee 
thou  art  perhaps  secretly  mourning,  though 
no  outward  eye  sees  thee.  Ah,  it  would  not 
do  for  any  of  us  to  have  the  secrets  of  our 
hearts  brought  out  to  public  view,  and  hap- 
pily we  are  not  to  be  judged  by  our  fellow 
men  ;  but  let  us  be  anxious  that  every  secret 
thought  and  intent  of  our  hearts  may  be 
brought  before  Him,  who  loved  us  and  gave 
himself  for  us,  that  so  they  may  go  before- 
hand to  judgment.  Let  us  be  earnest  that 
He  would  not  suffer  evil  to  lodge  in  us.  *  *  * 
In  the  secret  of  thy  heart  thou  hast  confidence 
in  nothing  short  of  the  living  God  ;  and  what 
is  needed,  is  fully  to  believe  what  He  requires 
at  thy  hands,  in  order  that  thy  peace  may  be 
wrought  out,  thy  day's  work  done,  and  a  pre- 
paration witnessed  for  the  everlasting  king- 
dom of  rest  and  peace.  Let  me  entreat  thee 
to  suffer  no  reasonings  about  thj'  own  insuffi- 
ciency, weakness,  or  even  folly  (if  such  a 
thought  sometimes  presents  itself;)  let  none 
of  these  drive  thee  from  a  single  attention  to 
the  voice  of  the  good  Shepherd,  and  thou 
mayest  be  very  sure  that  the  end  will  be 
peace,  let  thy  thoughts  about  thyself  be  ever 
so  discouraging  beforehand.  I  am  not  in 
favor  of  any  thing  forward.  My  soul  is  grieved 
with  the  lifeless  demonstrations  we  sometimes 
have  amongst  us  ;  and  were  I  not  sure  in  my- 
self that  thy  heart  is  measurably  prepared 
for  this  work,  no  such  words  would  drop  from 


90 


THE    FRIEND. 


my  pi 
army 


But  I  do  long  to  sco  tbe  Lord's 
g  up  with  such  as  have  been  mea- 
surably prepared  in  the  school  of  Christ;  and 
my  soul  rejoices  in  the  belief  that  there  are  a 
number,  who  will  in  due  season  be  brought 
forth,  and  be  added  as  stones  to  that  heavenly 
building,  which  is  to  be  tbe  glory  of  all  lands, 
and  in  which  living  worship  will  be  offered  to 
the  Lord  our  God.  There  is  a  class  younger 
than  ourselves,  who  are  looking  for  help  ;  and 
if  we  have  been  favored  to  taste  that  the 
Lord  is  gracious,  have  we  not  reason  to  show 
in  the  fruits  of  true  dedication,  our  gratitude 
and  allegiance  to  Him  who  has  mercifully 
cared  for  us,  and  who  is  seeking  and  drawing 
us  by  the  cords  of  his  love  into  closer  and 
closer  communion  with  himself.  Let  us  al- 
ways remember,  that  it  is  not  upon  our  own 
strength  or  wisdom  we  depend,  but  upon  bis 
almighty  arm;  and  therefore  it  is  no  matter 
how  weak,  and  poor,  and  empty  we  are,  He 
will  make  up  all  our  deficiencies,  clothe  us 
with  the  armor  of  salvation,  and  with  the 
robes  of  bis  righteousness;  whereby  we  shall 
be  able  to  make  war  in  righteousness  against 
our  own  and  the  church's  enemies,  and  we 
shall  find  ourselves  more  than  conquerors 
through  Him  that  loved  us. 

It  is  with  feelings  of  tender  emotion  that  I 
have  read  again  and  again  tbe  lines  in  which 
thou  so  deeply  bemoans  thy  condition.  It  is 
not  the  first  time  I  have  seen  such  a  com- 
plaint; and  having  known  that  the  Lord  is 
able  to  deliver  others  from  such  a  state,  so  I 
do  believe  He  will  deliver  thee,  as  thou  art 
engaged  to  make  known  unto  Him  the  secret 
cry  of  thy  soul.  O,  bow  before  Him  in  secret! 
Say,  if  thou  canst  so  say,  'Come,  Lord  Jesus, 
thy  servant  is  ready,' — not  to  depart  out  of 
this  world,  but  to  fulfil  1113'  portion  of  suffer- 
ing and  trial  for  thy  sake — that  so,  when  the 
end  comes,  I  may  be  prepared  to  answer  tbe 
midnight  cry  without  surprise,  having  oil  in 
tbe  vessel  with  tbe  lamp.  With  feelings  of 
love,  and  with  desires  that  thou  mayest  be 
enabled  to  put  on  strength  in  the  name  of  tbe 
Lord,  I  am  thy  friend,'  W.  S." 

(To  be  continued.) 

Stories  of  Huguenot  Children. 

In  1598,  Henry  of  Navarre,  King  of  France, 
granted  to  tbe  Protestants  of  his  realm  the 
famous  "  Edict  of  Nantes,"  so  called  because 
it  was  first  proclaimed  in  the  city  of  that 
name.  By  it  the  Reformers,  or  Huguenots, 
as  they  were  called  in  France,  were  to  be 
allowed  to  worship  God  in  their  own  way 
throughout  the  kingdom.  For  nearly  a  hun- 
dred years,  though  many  tyrannical  laws 
were  passed  against  these  Protestants,  they 
enjoyed  a  fuller  liberty  than  had  been  theirs 
since  tbo  evil  days  of  Francis  the  First. 

But  tbe  Church  of  Rome  bad  viewed  with 
anger  and  dismay  the  concessions  granted  by 
tbe  Edict ;  Pope  Clement  VIII.  said,  in  a 
letter  to  Henry,  that  "a  decree  which  gave 
liberty  of  conscience  to  all  was  the  most  ac- 
cursed that  had  ever  been  made." 

So  we  are  not  surprised  to  find  that  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.  a  long 
series  of  oppressions  culminated  in  what  is 
known  to  history  as  tbo  ''Revocation  of  tbe 
Edict  of  Nantes."     This  occurred  in  1685. 

By  the  stroke  of  a  pen  all  tbo  immunities 
and  privileges  that  had  been  granted  by  King 
Henry  were  swept  away,  and  once  more  tbe 
terrors  of  the  sword  and  the  stako  were  let 
loose  upon  tbo  bunted  Huguenots. 


A  merciless  persecution  ensued,  to  escape 
which  the  Huguenots  by  thousands  sought  to 
leave  their  native  land.  Numbers  succeeded 
in  reaching  England,  Holland,  Germany,  and 
even  America  ;  but  so  vigilant  was  the  guard 
over  frontier  and  sea-coast  that  it  daily  be- 
came more  difficult  to  escape. 

In  the  town  of  Nimes  lived  a  young  Hu- 
guenot watchmaker  and  his  wife.  They  had 
one  child — a  baby  girl.  The  horrors  of  per- 
secution daily  drew  nearer  to  their  town. 
Friends  had  preceded  them  across  the  sea, 
and  they  knew  that  honor  and  happiness 
awaited  them  in  a  foreign  land  ;  but  escape 
seemed  impossible.  If  they  should  appear  at 
the  gates  of  the  town  with  the  child,  their 
purpose  would  be  divined  and  frustrated.  To 
conceal  tbe  infant  was  likewise  impossible, 
for  every  bale  of  merchandise  was  rigorously 
searched  ;  to  intrust  her  to  a  stranger  was  out 
of  the  question — no  one,  Catholic  or  Pro- 
testant, would  assume  the  risk. 

At  length  a  happy  idea  presented  itself. 
At  dusk  of  evening  the  little  one  was  given  a 
strong  sleeping  potion,  and  then  swathed  in 
cloaks  and  other  wrappings  until  it  looked 
like  a  shapeless  bundle  of  rags,  a  cord  was 
passed  around  it,  and  to  this  was  attached 
several  yards  of  twine,  at  the  end  of  which 
was  a  cork. 

Darkness  setting  in,  the  trembling  parents 
left  their  home  to  put  their  plan  into  effect. 
In  the  old  European  towns  of  that  day  the 
streets  often  sloped  from  the  bouses  on  either 
side  to  a  small  ditch  or  gutter  in  the  middle, 

which  nearly  always  contained  some  running  Iseized  tbe  pannier,  and  threw  off  its  uppeji 
water.     This  gutter  ran  under  the  city  gate  contents,  expecting  to  see  her  little  brother  a 
of  Nimes,  and  emptied  into  the  open  country 
beyond 


urged  them  not  to  delay  their  flight  on  hi:' 
account;  he  would  rejoin  them  when  bette. 
times  came.  They  yielded  to  bis  entreaties' 
The  lady,  disguised  as  the  wife  of  her  bus 
band's  valet,  managed  to  reach  a  seaport 
where  she  arranged  for  a  passage  to  England 
for  herself  and  children,  and  then  secretec 
herself  while  the  valet  returned  for  them.  ^ 

The  daughter  arrayed  herself  as  a  farmer's^ 
daughter,  and  put  her  little  brothers  in  I 
pannier  on  either  side  of  a  donkey.  Ther 
she  covered  them  over  with  vegetables  anc 
farm  produce  heaped  high,  and  set  out,  the 
man-servant  riding  on  ahead  in  the  garb  of  i) 
farmer. 

They  traveled  only  at  night  at  first,  but  as 
time  pressed  tbey  decided  to  make  tbe  last! 
few  stages  of  the  journey  by  day.  The  chil 
dren  were  especially  enjoined  not  to  speak  oi! 
move,  no  matter  what  should  happen. 

On  the  last  day  of  their  travels  the  girl  was 
alarmed  by  the  sight  of  a  troop  of  horse 
soldiers  riding  rapidly  in  pursuit.  Theyreinej 
in  their  horses  when  abreast  of  the  donkey 
and  commanded  her  to  bait. 

"What  is  in  those  baskets?"  demanded 
their  leader. 

Before  Angela  could  reply  one  of  the  troop- 
ers drew  bis  long  rapier,  and  plunged  it  into 
the  panier  in  which  the  youngest  boy  was 
bidden.  She  almost  fainted,  but  not  a  sound 
came  from  the  basket.  The  soldiers,  conclud- 
ing that  nothing  was  amiss,  turned  and  gal- 
loped away,  disappearing  in  a  cloud  of  dust. 

Scarcely  were  they  out  of  sight  than  Angela 


Approaching  the  postern,  which  was  closed 
for  the  night,  tbe  mother  laid  her  precious 


bleeding  corpse.    But  happily,  though  covered! 
with  blood,  the  only  injury  he  had  sustained! 
was  a  sword  cut  in  one  of  bis  arms,  which 
sister  quickly  bound   up.     The   heroic  little  i 


burden  in  the  centre  of  the  ditch,  while  the  fellow,  shut  up  in  his  basket-prison,  bravelw 
father  set  free  tbe  twine  tied  to  tbe  cork.         I  bore  tbe  pain  and  kept  silent.    He  carried  tha 


Then  the  parents  knocked  at  tbe  guard- 
house, and  requested  to  be  allowed  to  pass 
out  of  the  town.  The  sentry  knew  them  well, 
and  eyed  them  narrowly,  but,  seeing  that  the 
mother  had  not  her  child  in  her  arms,  he  in- 
ferred that  they  were  only  about  to  make  a 
short  journey  into  tbe  country;  for,  he  rea- 
soned, no  Huguenot  mother  will  desert  her 
babe.  So  he  turned  the  heavy  lock,  the  iron- 
bound  gate  swung  slowly  on  its  creaking 
binges, and  they  passed  out  of  the  light  of  the 
sentry's  lantern  into  the  blackness  beyond. 

They  waited  in  the  shadow  of  the  wall  until 
his  retreating  footsteps  marked  his  return  to 
the  guard-house.  Then  the  father  sprang  to 
the  edge  of  the  ditch  whose  waters  gurgled 
over  the  stones.  Sure  enough,  here  is  the 
cork,  bobbing  about  with  a  taut  string  be- 
hind it.  The  babe  is  hauled  safely  under  the 
massive  portal.  A  hurried  march  across 
country,  and  parents  and  child  are  sheltered 
in  the  house  of  a  friend,  whence  access  to  a 
waiting  vessel  is  comparatively  easy. 

Another  Huguenot  family,  consisting  of 
father,  mother,  a  daughter,  Angela,  aged  six- 
teen, and  two  little  boys,  Edward  and  Armand, 
aged  six  and  four  years  respectively,  resolved 
to  fly  from  their  own  unhappy  land.  They 
were  wealth}'  people,  so  they  commenced  by 
sewing  their  money  and  jewels  in  a  number 
of  quilted  pelticoats,  such' as  were  then  fash- 
ionable, which  they  consigned  to  friends  over 
sea.  But  just  as  the}-  were  ready  to  start  the 
father  was  arrested  and  cast  into  prison. 

Ilia    loved    ones    hastened  to  him,  but  he 


mark  of  that  sword-thrust  as  long  as  he  lived.] 
These  young  refugees  ultimately  reached] 
England,  but  their  father  never  left  his  dun-.j 
geon  alive. — Illustrated  Christian  Weekly. 

From  the  "  British  Friend." 

The  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  called  Quakers. 

Sir, — With  respect  to  this  community  oh' 
Christians,  two  statements  have  recently  been, 
made  which  have  excited  interest  in  the  minds.i 
of  those  who  admire  their  principles  anw 
appreciate  their  worth.  One  is,  "that  as  a 
denomination  they  are  fast  dying  out,  or 
being,  to  a  large  extent,  absorbed  by  the* 
world."  The  other  is,  "that  some  of  their1 
number  are  earnestly  endeavoring  to  restore 
their  primitive  mode  of  dress  ami  manner, 
which  for  so  many  years  distinguished  thcm; 
as  a  community."  If  the  former  statement 
has  any  truth  in  it,  I  most  sincerely  regret  it; 
if  the  latter  is  true,  I  as  truly  rejoice  ;  for 
although  not  a  member  of  that  Society,  }-et 
brought  up  in  their  midst  and  tolerably  well 
acquainted  with  their  principles  and  polity, 
of  which  I  am  an  admirer,  I  bold  them  in  the 
highest  esteem.  One  sentence  in  the  writings 
of  the  Apostle  Paul  occurs  to  my  mind  which 
may  fitly  be  applied  to  them:  "A  peculiar  peg 
pie',  zealous  of  good  works."  That  they  are* 
a  peculiar  people  no  one  will  deny.  It  may. 
appear  to  some  a  needless  peculiarity;  but 
from  their  own  standpoint  it  is  not  so;  they 
can  give  a  sound  reason  for  all.  Whatever 
may  be  said  of  their  peculiarities,  they  havo 
ever  leaned  to  virtue's  side,  and  in  whatever 


THE    FRIEND. 


9] 


irection  their  peculiarities  have  gone,  they 
ave  never  infringed  upon  the  rights  or  the 
ightful  peculiarities  of  others.  Their  attire. 
"  peculiar,  could  never  he  offensive  to  the 
lost  critical  taste,  and  for  neatness  they  have 
eer.  proverbial.  "As  neat  and  trim  as  a 
baker,"  has  often  been  spoken  and  heard. 
Strays  well  dressed,  according  to  their  own 
attern,  they  have  been  necessary  as  pre- 
:nting  a  standing  protest  against  the  ultra 
iornmeut  to  which  the  current,  ever-chang- 
ig  fashion  tended.  In  their  conversation 
lere  was  and  is  the  peculiarity  of  grammati- 
d  correctness,  even  to  the  "thee,"  "thou," 
nd  "thine,"  and,  whilst  polite  and  plain, 
as  ever  free  from  the  flattery,  and  the  un- 
icaning  and  unmeant  euphonisms  of  so-called 
enteel  society.  And  whilst  peculiar,  the 
Bends  were  ever  "  zealous  of  good  works." 
ro  portion  of  society  have,  as  a  community, 
one  more  fur  the  amelioration  of  human 
offering,  ignorance,  and  want — not  only  have 
bey  ever  preserved  their  own  members  from 
overty  and  distress,  but  they  have  been  as 
encrous  to  others  as  to  their  own. 

Let  the  history  of  this  people  be  read  in 
iie  light  of  current  thought  and  feeling,  and 
rhat  in  times  past  may -have  been  despised, 
brough  the  ignorance  of  their  foes  and  the 
igotry  of  unfriendly  critics,  will  be  fully 
ppreciated  by  the  present  generation.  Re- 
gionsly,  they  have  tenaciously  held  to  their 
wn  peculiar  modes  of  worship,  as  was  their 
ight  to  do;  and  whilst  zealous  in  their  at- 
aehment  thereto,  they  never  in  the  least 
leasure  attempted  to  interfere  with  the  re- 
gious  liberty  of  others.  It  is  true  that  they 
ave  refused  to  pay  church  rates  and  similar 
emands  which  have  been  made  upon  them, 
ut  they  did  not  in  this  resist  the  law  ;  they 
assivcly  submitted  by  allowing  their  goods 
0  be  distrained,  and  now  for  years  church 
ates  have  been  abolished,  the  public  mind 
hrough  the  legislative  assembly  having  thus 
Emitted  that  the  principles  they  advocated 
n  their  non-payment  of  these  rates  were 
ound  and  equitable.  And  so  in  relation  to 
ithes  and  church  establishments,  although 
heir  views  are  not  yet  endorsed  by  the  nation, 
he  public  mind  is  gradually  tending  in  that 
irection. 

Politically  theirviews  have  ever  been  sound 
n  all  the  laws  which  have  been  made  for  the 
nlarged  liberty  of  the  subject,  the  lessening 
>r  removing  of  vexatious  taxation,  the  cheap 
ning  of  the  provisions  necessary  to  human 
ife  and  comfort,  the  education  of  the  people, 
he  removal  of  obstacles  to  cheap  literature, 
,nd  all  kindred  matters,  the  Friends,  to  a 
aan,  have  ever  been  on  the  right  side.  Foi 
rears  in  the  minority,  yet  faithful  to  their 
principles  and  loyal  to  all  that  was  right  and 
rue,  they  patiently  and  persistently  held  o 
heir  way  until  the  minority  became  the 
oajority  and  the  good  was  effected.  Th 
|uiet,  unostentatious,  yet  persevering  pursuit 
if  the  objects  they  had  in  view  being  the 
esult  of  intense  conviction,  became  the  pu 
>ose  of  life  to  them  in  so  large  a  measure  that 
hey  might  be  said  to  be  impelled  by  an  in 
piration  begotten  of  hope,  which  neither 
lagged  nor  ceased  until  success  had  crowned 
heir  efforts  ;  and  so  their  verdict  upon  al' 
tublic  questions  ever  being  on  the  side  o 
ighteousness  and  truth,  they  have  seen  theii 
nost  cherished  ideas  carried  out,  or  being 
:arried  out. 

Lovers  of  peace  and  order,  they  have  pur- 


sued their  way  without  noise  or  confusion. 
The  force  of  character  and  the  power  of  truth 
been  the  influence  they  have  ever  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  others, 
and  hence  their  steady  advancement  and  suc- 
cessful effort.  Their  sober,  solid,  and  staid 
demeanor  has  ever  been  a  steadfast  bulwark 
against  the  frenzied  excitement  of  noisy  par- 
tisans and  unprincipled  demagogues;  let  a 
thing  or  principle  be  right,  and  they  we're  its 
advocates  and  defenders;  they  were  never 
moved  by  the  jibes  and  jeers  of  their  op- 
ponents, nor  intimidated  by  the  numbers 
arrayed  against  them.  Our  nation  has  yet 
to  learn  [but  it  will  learn)  how  much  it  is  in- 
debted to  the  Society  of  Friends  tor  the  rapid 
sti'ides  which  have  been  made  in  all  legisla- 
tive matters  which  have  emancipated  and 
blessed  all  classes  of  the  people.  Always  to 
be  depended  upon  in  whatever  would  benefit 
society  at  large,  by  breaking  down  class- 
privileges,  removing  unequal  burdens  which 
hindered  the  progress  of  anv.  and  in  securing 
equal  rights  religii 
wise   to   all,   ever 


their  religious  principles,  however  peculiar  to 
others  may  have  appeared  their  modes  of 
worship  or' their  interpretations  of  Scripture. 
And  most  heartily  do  I  desire  that  as  a  com- 
munity,  they  may  continue  to  exercise  the 
beneficial  influence  upon  society  of  which 
history  furnishes  so  constant  a  testimony. 
The  greatest  authority  in  the  universe  said 
in  reference  to  men,  "  By  their  fruits  ye  shall 
know  them  ;"  and  judging  the  Society  of 
Friends  bj-  this  criterion,  we  hesitate  not  to 
say  they  will  for  good  works  be  second  to  no 
denomination  of  Christians  in  the  world. 

J.    BlRDSEYE, 

Congregational  Minister. 

Sutton  Valence,  Kent. 

Ancient  Minutes. 

Selections  from  the  minutes  of  ITpperside 
of  Friends  in  the  county  of 


Monthly  Meeting 

Bucks, 'England. 

"1680,  s/A  month. — Friends  understanding 

y'  Rob'.  Kingham  hath  neither  paid  his  debt 
olftically,  and  other-jto  Francis  Holden,  of  Kingston,  nor  gone  over 
al    statesman    kncwltoliim  to  give  him  any  satisfaction  about  it, 


their  value  ;  and  thus  in  relation  to  matters,' but  stil  delays  time  with  excuses,  friends  wore 
both  at  home  and  abroad  and  through  all  displeased  with  him;  yet  inasmuch  as  he  hath 
circumstances,  they  have  ever  been  the  same. '  now  set  a  certain  time  (of  two  or  three  weeks) 
Generous,  and  yet  abstemious;  shrewd  into  pay  y"  money  in,  and  proposed  a  way  to 
business,  yet  scrupulously  honest;  clear  and'raise  ye  money,  by  thrashing  and  selling  corn, 
fair  in  judgment  upon  all  matters  within  their  'ye  meeting  thought  meet  to  send  him  once 
ken  (and,  as  a  rule,  they  bad  knowledge  of  more  by  yc  Friends  employed  formerly  in  it, 
most  matters,  and  mostly  mastered  the  sub-1  to  let  him  know  y'  if  he  fail  of  his  promise 
jects  upon  which  they  formed  opinion,)  they  now,  and  do  not  discharge  ye  debt  within  the 
have  been  able  to  turn  the  balance  upon  most  time  prefixed,  they  will  not  meditate  any 
moral  questions  that  have  been  decided  by  further  for  him,  but  leave  ye  Friend  to  do  in 
their  worth  and  practicability.  It  would  his  own  concern  as  he  himself  shall  think  fit. 
indeed  be  sad  were  this  noble  Society  to  de-  Also  y°  meeting  thought  fitto  write  to  Francis 
part  from  their  original  habits  and  methods  Holden  again  as  followeth  : — 
and  be  lost  in  the  multitude  ;  the  world  needs!  "  '  Friend,  in  pursuance  of  what  we  writ  to 
their  denominational  testimony  against  the  thee  before,  we  have  taken  ye  best  course  we 
evils  that  yet  remain,  and  in  the  interests  of  can  to  procure  the  satisfaction  from  Rob' King- 
all  that  is  right  and  true.  Returning  to  their;  ham,  whom  we  have  earnestly  prest  to  go 
primitive  mode  of  dress  and  manner,  their  over  to  thee  about  it;  but  find  him  very  un- 
existence  is  recognized  and  their  power  felt;  willing  to  see  thee  without  money,  W'we 
but  by  conforming  to  the  world,  their  exist-' hope  proceeds  rather  from  modesty  than  de- 
ence  would  be  lost  sight  of  and  their  value  sign  ;  and  yc  rather  because  he  hath  assured 
unknown  ;  for  their  influence  for  good  in  the I us  y'  he  is  using  his  best  endeavours  to  raise 
past  has  not  been  exercised  so  beneficially  ye  money  w"1  all  speed,  and  in  order  thereunto 
upon  society  by  them  as  so  many  units  scat-  is  setting  men  to  work  to  thresh  out  of  his 
tered  amongst  the  human  family,  as  by  their  corn  enough  to  satisfy  thy  debt,  and  in  two 
united  action  as  a  distinct  body  whose  denomi-1  or  3  weeks' time  at  ye  most  he  promises  to 
national  convictions  have  inspired  the  prinei-  have  it  ready.  This  we  were  willing  to  give 
pies  by  which  their  conduct  has  been  actuated,  thee  an  account  of,  and  if  upon  Truth's  ac- 
History  cannot,  we  believe,  produce  a  case  count  thou  art  willing  to  prolong  thy  patience 
upon  any  moral  or  political  principle  upon  a  little  we  shal  be  glad  ;  and  if  thou  please  to 
which  they  have  ever  been  divided,  and  hence  write  a  few  lines  to  him  once  more  upon  this 


their  strength  and  usefulness.  Given  the 
moral  bearings  of  any  subject  whatever,  and 
their  attitude  in  reference  to  it  might  ever  bo 
at  once  decided.  No  philanthropists  in  the 
wo rM  have  ever  surpassed  them  for  patient 
perseverance  and  unswerving  determination 
in  anj-  course  they  saw  to  be  worth  pursuing 
in  the  interests  of  humanity,  and  whilst  they 
have  most  faithfully  held  to  their  own  princi- 
ples and  brotherhood,  they  have  never  sought 
selfishly  to  secure  liberty  or  benefit  for  them- 
selves to  the  disadvantage  or  exclusion  of 
others.  One  might  easily  refer  to  celebrated 
individuals  of  their  number  whose  efforts  for 
the  public  good,  the  emancipation  of  the  slave, 
the  amelioration  of  suffering,  and  the  enfran- 
chisement of  men  from  the  bondage  of  igno- 
rance and  tyranny,  history  is  proud  to  admit. 
But  my  purpose  is  not  so  much  to  speak  of 
individual  effort,  as  of  denominational  influence 
and  power,  which  has  been  the  outcome  of 


fresh  promise  of  his  to  let  him  know  thou 
dost  expect  it  within  y'  time,  we  hope  it  wil 
quicken  him.  So  with  true  love  to  thee  we 
remain  thy  friends  in  truth.  Signed  at  yc  re- 
quest and  on  yG  behalf  of  yc  meeting  by  Thomas 
Ellwood.' " 

"  1680,  9th  month. — Friends  understanding 
y* Rob' Kingham,  notwithstanding  hissollemn 
engagement  before  y°  last  meeting  to  pay  off 
his  debt  to  Francis  Holden,  of  Kingston  with- 
in two  or  three  weeks  at  furthest,  hath  not 
paid  it  yet,  were  very  sensible  of  his  unfair 
dealing,  both  towards  Francis  Holden  and 
ye  meeting.  Whereupon  William  Sexton  and 
Rob'  White  were  desired  to  speak  w'"  yc  said 
Rob'  Kingham  and  let  him  know  that  this 
meeting  doth  expect  he  should  come  to  the 
next  meeting,  bore  to  give  an  account  of  his 
miscarriage  therein  ;  otherwise  yc  meeting 
wil  be  necessitated  to  disown  his  dealing,  and 
him  for  it." 


9li 


THE    FRIEND. 


This 


iction  of  the  Monthly  Meet- 
ing produced  the  desired  effect;  in  the  Tenth 
month  report  was  made  "  y'  Hob'  Bingham 
hath  paid  him  £6«-10s.  (which  is  about  half 
yc  debt),"  and  as  no  further  minutes  on  the 
subject  appear  on  the  records  we  may  hop 
that  the  remaining  half  was  speedily  paid. 

"  1691,  11th  month. — The  Meeting  taking 
into  consideration  the  great  service  of  Sarah 
Lamborn,  of  Aylsbury,  hath  formerly  been  of 
to  Friends  in  their  sufferings  for  Truth  in 
Aylsbury  Gaol,  when  no  Friend  but  herself 
lived  in  that  town,  to  take  care  of  Friends 
that  were  prisoners  for  Truth,  and  that  she 
spared  neither  pains  nor  purse  to  minister 
unto  Friends  as  occasion  required;  and  taking 
notice  that  she  is  now  grown  antient,  and  re- 
duced to  a  lower  condition  in  the  world,  did 
now  agree  to  send  her  fifty  shillings  as  a 
token  of  love  and  grateful  remembrance  of 
her  former  kindnesses  and  service  to  Friends. 
And  accordingly  Thomas  Bllwood,  by  the 
Meeting's  order,  did  now  in  Meeting  deliver 
the  said  sum  of  fifty  shillings  unto  James 
Smith  to  convey  to  her." 

"1692',  3rd  month.  —  Eichard  Baker  ac- 
quainted the  Meeting  that  on  yc  26th  day  of 
yc  last  month,  between  ye  hours  of  11  and  12 
in  the  night,  a  fire  brake  forth  in  the  house 
wherein   James   Smith   dwelt  in  Aylesbury,  J 

whch  in  little  more  than  an  hour's  space  burnt j to  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings;  in  the  Seveutt 
down   the  house  and  consumed  most  of  the  month  a  collection  amounting  to  £54  11 
goods  y'  were  in  it ;  yc  suddenness  and  vio- 
lence of  the  fire  much  heightened  by  a  very 
strong    wind,  permitting  "to   save    but   very 


the  same  in  as  speedily  as  he  can,  and  Joseph 
Steevens  offered  to  furnish  yc  Meeting  with 
so  much  as  will  make  up  yc  said  £12  to  £50, 
or  with  ya  whole  £50  in  case  the  sd£12  could 
not  presently  be  had.  Whereupon  the  Meet- 
ing ordered  this  Agreement  of  ye  Meeting  to 
be  entered  in  y"  Meeting-book,  lor  ye  security 
of  yc  said  Joseph  Steevens;  whereby  this 
Meeting  doth  promise  and  engage  to  repay 
the  sd  Joseph  Steevens,  or  his  assigns,  yc  said 
£50  if  he  shall  advance  and  deposit  yc  whole, 
or  so  much  thereof  as  he  shal  advance  and 
deposit  of  his  own  money  on  this  occasion, 
with  interest  for  ye  same  until  it  shall  be  re- 
paid. 

"  As  to  a  future  and  further  help,  inasmuch 
as  ye  loss  and  thereby  suffering  was  so  great 
as  far  exceeded  ye  capacity  of  y°  Friends  of 
this  county  to  answer,  the  meeting  thought 
fit  and  agreed  to  spread  the  sad  condition  of 
our  suffering  Friends  before  yc  Yearly  Meet- 
now  at  hand,  in  order  whereunto  a  letter 
being  drawn  up,  read,  and  approved,  was 
signed  as  followeth  :" 

(The  letter  to  the  Yearly  Meeting,  being  a 
ecapitulation  of  the  above  minute,  is  not  in- 
serted here ;  it  was  signed  by  nineteen  Friends, 
and  committed  to  Eichard  Baker  and  Thomas 
Bllwood  to  deliver  to  the  Yearly  Meeting.) 

The  consideration  of  the  case  was  referred 


at  Hunger  Hill.  The  meeting  mctt  and  calle( 
over  the  severall  particular  meetings,  ani 
our  antient  friend  Thomas  Ellwood,  being  de 
ceased,  and  to  be  buryed  this  day.  The  meet 
ing  adjourned  to  the  eight  day  of  the  nex 
month." 

(To  be  continued.) 


was  brought  in  from  Friends  of  this  Monthly 

Meeting. 

"1698,  Gth  month.— This  Meeting  taking 
little,  and  that  of  little  value.  That  three  of, notice  that  both  now,  and  at  other  times  of 
his  family  lost  their  lives  by  yc  fire,  and  him-  late,  divers  persons  have  thrust  in  upon  this 
self  and  wife  hardly  escaped,  and  not  with- 'meeting,  who  have  not  properly  belonged  to 
out  hurt,  Thajt  though  there  hath  not  been!it,  nor  been  fit  for  the  service  of  it,  but  have 
time  since  to  get  an  exact  accompt  of  ye  value  jbecn  as  a  clog  to.  the  meeting,'  bringing 
of  ye  loss,  yet  by  a  reasonable  computation,  it  weights  and  burdens  on  it,  and  thereby  hin- 
is  judged  to  be  ye  least  one  thousand  pounds,  dering  the  service  of  it.  It  was  thereupon 
and  may  probably  be  more.  By  which  great  j  now  proposed,  that  some  course  might  be 
loss  he  is  rendered  incapable  either  to  go  on! taken  for  remedying  the  inconvenience  and 
with  his  trade  or  satisfy  ye  engagements  yely  preventing  the  like  hurt  for  the  future,  th. 
upon  him,  without  some  considerable  assist- 'further  consideration  thereof,  with  respect  to 
ance  from  Friends."  ,the  way  or  means  of  effecting  it,  was  refei      " 

"  Upon  the  opening  of  this  case  great  grief  to  another  meeting." 
and  sorrow  seized  upon  Friends^  and  the  "1698,  7th  month.— The  consideration  of 
Meeting  was  deeply  affected  with  compas-  the  proposition  made  last  meeting  for  pre 
sionate  pity  towards  our  suffering  Friends.  J  venting  unfit  persons  coming  to  this  meeting 
And  after  some  time,  that  our  compassion  j  was  resumed,  and  a  minute  being  found  upon 
might  not  be  barren,  but  might  produce  some  search  in  the  old  book  for  remedying  the  like 
comfortable  fruit  to  the  afflicted,  the  Meeting 'inconvenience  in  y°  1st  month,  166!*,  recom- 
entered  into  consideration  of  a  proper  andjmending  to  Friends  that  they  should  send 
suitable  way  and  means  for  their  assistance 'from  their  respective  meetings  such  persons 
and  support,  both  with  respect  to  a  present  as  they  know  to  be  faithful  to  truth  and  fittest 
supply,  and  to  a  future  and  further  help.  As 'to  do  service  for  the  Lord  in  the  Monthly 
to  a  present  supply,  inasmuch  as  a  collection  and  Quarterly  Meetings.  It  is  now  agreed 
through  the  county,  or  through  this  Monthly  and  recommended  as  the  advice  and  judge- 
Meeting  only,  could  not  be  regularly  made  ment  of  this  meeting,  y'  on  ye  first  day  next 
till  ye  Quarterly  Meeting  (which  will  not  bo  preceding  the  Monthly  Meeting,  and  yc  Quar- 
till  7  or  8  weeks  hence),  and  will  be  some-  terry  Meeting,  y°  friends  of  each  particular 
what  too  long  in  coming  in,  a  Proposition  meeting  do  confer  together  and  take  care 
was  made  that  if  any  Friend  or  Friends  were  y'  none  but  faithful,  se" 
at  present  able  and  willing  to  advance  and  de- 
posit  the  sum  of  fifty  pounds  upon  the  credit 
of  this  Meeting,  to  be  repaid,  with  interest 
for  it,  out  of  such  future  collection  as  shall 
on  this  occasion  and  for  this  service,  be  made 
through  ye  several  Meetings  belonging  to  this, 
then  this  Monthly  Meeting  wil  stand  engaged 
forit.  Whereupon  Thomas  Ellwood  acquaint- 
ed ye  Meeting  y'  there  are  some  publick 
monies  at  y°  disposal  of  this  Meeting  (about 
£12,  as  he  remembered)  which  H.  Child  and 
he  had  placed  forth  by  y"  Meeting's  order; 
the  Meeting  thereupon  ordered  T.' E.  to  call 


■viceable,  and  suitable 
Friends  do  go  to  this  and  the  Quarterly  Meet- 
ings. And  that  if  any  others  do  thrust  them- 
selves in,  yL'  Friends  of  y'  meeting  to  which 
they  belong  do  take  them  out  and  better  in- 
form them,  and  tenderly  advise  them  to  with- 
draw and  depart." 

Thomas  liilwood  appears  to  have  acted  as 
clerk  to  the  Monthly  .Meeting  till  the  year 
1713,  the  minutes  of  the  meeting  held  Second 
month  6th  in  that  year  being  in  his  hand- 
writing. 

On  tho  Third  month  4th,  1713,  we  find  the 


THE  SEASIDE. 
Never  a  poet  gave  to  his  words 

The  sound  of  the  ocean's  lyre  ; 
Never  an  orator  breathed  the  thought 

The  breaking  waves  inspire. 

The  eagle's  scream  nor  the  curlew's  call, 
Nor  the  winds  through  the  forest  tree, 

Clothe  the  soul  with  the  silent  awe 
We  feel  by  the  praising  sea. 

The  sparkle  of  dew  nor  the  twinkle  of  star 
Match  the  sheen  of  the  leaping  spray, 

Nor  the  swallow's  flight  so  curve  its  grace 
As  the  wind-tossed  foam  at  play. 

The  mountain  vast  is  grand  and  strong 
Yet  we  see  where  its  glory  ends — 

But  the  endless  blue  of  the  searchless  sea 
With  the  arching  azure  blends  ! 

Nothing  in  nature  that  man  beholds 

In  wealth  of  power  and  tone, 
Is  like  the  deep  whose  cloud  distils 

The  life  of  every  zone. 

The  little  and  false  that  cumber  our  days 
With  their  fever  of  hate  and  pride, 

Leave  never  a  footprint  on  these  sands 
Where  freedom  and  peace  abide. 

Oh,  glorious  sign  of  the  strength  of  God, 
Working  and  preaching  his  will, 

I  cannot  hear  what  thy  tongue  declares 
Unless  my  heart  be  still. 

Alone  to  the  soul  that  is  calm  and  true 

A  depth  like  thine  is  given, 
That,  thro'  the  changing  years,  like  thee 
Receives  its  hue  from  heaven! 
Ninth  mo.  1st,  1SS3. 

— S.  Swain  in  Friends'  Iidtlligencer. 

Selected. 

BY  THE  SEA. 

BY   MARGARET  S.    MACR1TCHIE. 
Let  the  sea  roar  like  the  crashing  of  thunder, 

The  heart  of  the  billows  move  heavy  and  deep, 
The  triumphing  waves  dash  the  gray  rocks  asunder, 

And  seething  while  foam-flakes  exultingly  leap: 
Let  the  sea  thunder  till  time  pass  away — 
The  strength  of  Jehovah  abideth  for  aye. 

Let  the  sea  roar  in  its  angry  commotion, 

Its  pitiless  conquests,  its  power,  and  its  pride ; 

Oh,  changeful,  fair  breast  of  the  treacherous  ocean, 
A  Greater  is  reigning— the  Lord  of  the  tide: 

Let  the  sea  thunder  from  shore  unto  shore — 

The  might  of  Jehovah  abides  ( 


Let  the  sea  roar;  but  a  silence  is  nearing — 

The  waves  shall  be  still,  and  their  moaning  be  dumb, 

And  storm-driven  spirits,  now  heavily  steering, 

Shall  draw  to  the  haven  where  change  cannot  come: 

Let  the  sea  thunder  through  earth's  troubled  riot — 

In  heaven  with  Jesus  the  weary  are  quiet. 

Let  the  sea  roar  ;  but  oh,  heart  nigh  to  breaking, 
Why  hath  the  surging  disquieted  thee? 

Though  angry  the  billows,  this  comfort  be  taking, 
He  lives  who  passed  over  a  terrible  sea  ! 

Tempests  are  meeting;  yet  trust  in  Him  still 

Who  husheth  the  wild  winds  to  peace  at  his  will. 

Let  the  sea  roar ;  and  my  soul !  be  thou  lifting 
Thy  choiring  Hosannas,  most  joyful,  most  sweet  I 

The  rocks  of  n n faith  let  thanksgiving  be  rifting, 
Till  all  earth  re-echo  "  Te  Deum"  complete. 

Let  the  sea  thunder  ;  oh,  tossing  waves,  sing  ! 

Tell  out  in  your  music  the  praise  of  our  King. 

— The  Chris  ian. 


"To  lose  the  wise   use  of  such   disappoints 
cuts  and  trials  as  God   permits  in  our  lives, 
following  entry  :— "  Att  y°  Monthly  Meeting '  is  one  of  the  greatest  of  all  possible  losses." 


THE    FRIEND. 


93 


re-created  or  regenerated  after  Christ  Jesus 
unto  good  works  ;  that  they  might  live  to 
God,  and  not  to  themselves  ;  and  offer  up 
living  ]navors,  and  living  praises,  to  the  liv- 
ing God,  through  his  own  living  spirit,  in 
which  He  is  only  to  be  worshipped  in  this 
Gospel  day. —  W.  Penn. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Paper  Gas  Pipes. — These  arc  made  of  an 
endless  strip  of  hemp  paper,  saturated  with 
asphalt  and  rolled  tightly  and  smoothly  round 
a  core.  When  the  number  of  layers  is  suffi- 
cient to  give  the  required  thickness,  the  tube 
is  strongly  compressed,  the  outside  sprinkled 
with  fine  sand,  and  the  inside  covered  with  a 
water-proof  composition.  They  are  cheaper 
than  iron  pipes,  have  great  strength,  and  not 
liable  to  be  broken  by  violent  jars. 

The  Mildew  of  the  Grape. — The  grape  mil- 
dew is  a  fungus,  Pi  ronospora  viticola,  and  makes 
its  first  appearance  upon  the  under  surface  of 
the  grape-leaves  in  the  form  of  small  frost- 
like  patches.  On  the  surface  of  these  patches 
the  summer  spores  are  formed  which  are 
carried  away  by  the  wind  and  propagate  the 
disease.  The  fungus  flourishes  best  in  a  moist 
atmosphere  and  a  bright  sunshine.  It  is  apt 
to  appear  after  a  succession  of  showers  to- 
wards the  end  of  the  6th  month.  It  does  not 
confine  itself  to  the  leaves,  but  spreads  to  the 
The  remedy  for  it  is  flowers 


In  the  Memoirs  of  Daniel  Wheeler,  he  men- 
ins  attending  the  Yearly  Meeting  held  in 
dladelphiain  the  4th  month  of  1839,  which, 
says,  "  was  an  exercising  time,  on  account 
the  too  general  departure  from,  and  ignor- 
ce  of  that  light  and  truth,  which  distin- 
lished  the  meetings  of  our  worthy  prede- 
ssors  in  so  eminent  a  manner.  On  the  sub- 
it  of  meetings  for  worship,  I  had  one  remark 
make;  and  to  declare  that  if  ever  we  suf- 
•ed  the  righteous  testimony  to  the  teach- 
gs  of  that  Divine  grace  which  hath  appeared 
to  all  men,  to  fall  to  the  ground,  or  be 
ivered  by  departure  from  a  silent  waiting 
ion  God  for  the  blessed  influence  of  the 
jly  Spirit,  to  enable  us  to  worship  Him 
ight, — the  glory  would  depart  from  our 
i-ael,  and  nothing  be  left  us  but  an  empty 
me." 

He  was  also  at  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  in  the 
b  month  of  the  same  year,  of  which  he  says  : 
n  the  last  sitting  of  the  Select  Meeting  I 
d  some  remarks  to  make  on  the  great  re- 
onsibility  of  those  in  the  station  of  elders, 
10,  if  not  anointed  from  on  high,  are  in- 
pable  of  discerning  from  whence  the  minis- 
f  proceeds  ;  and  to  add  my  belief,  that  there 
a  ministry  growing  in  the  Society,  which, 
not  checked,  would  fill  the  minds  of  the 
arers  with  things  like  the  'abomination  of 
solation,'  spoken  of  by  the  prophet,  that 
>uld  stand  in  the  hoi}-  place  where  it  ought  ptem  and  fruit 

t— in  the  place  of  vital  religion,  and  would  |  of  sulpblu.  ulown  0r  dusted  on  the  affected 
lly  make  desolate  and  destitute  of  the  pre-  parts. 

nee  of  the  Lord.  It  was  the  elders  of  Ephesus  j  Besides  the  summer  spores,there  is  another 
10  were  sent  for,  and  charged  to  take  heed  forDlj  WDic.h  mav  be  called  the  winter  spores, 
themselves,  and  to  the  flock,  by  the  great  founcl  in  tlie  f0ijage  jn  the  autumn,  and  which 
ostle." 


are  liberated   by  the  decay  of  the  leaves,  and  jtwo  sharp  yelps,  and  enc 
'renew  the  disease  in  the  following  summer,  rodinher  mouth  and  backing  with  it,  attempt 


It  is  a  very  common  thing  to  hear  the  ques- 

•n  asked,  when  a  rich  man 'dies,  «  How  much  %  gathering  the  tall-leaves  in  affected  vine 
1  he  leave?-  A  more  important  question,  ir"*  at  ^  approach  of  winter,  and  burmn 
bearing  on   his  case,  is,  "How  much  had  tbem,  a  cheek  would  be  given  to  the  spread  of 

invest  for  his  eternal  use?"  When  itfae  nuldew.-.V ,, ■„/,//,  .1  m.-ncan. 
ladin,  the  Saracen  conqueror,  was  dying  in  ,  Dreaming.—"  Instances  have  lately  been 
imascus,  he  directed  one  of  his  officers  to!described  ln  Mature  at  remarkable  formation 
rryhis  shroud  through  the  streets  of  his  or  perversion  of  dreams  at  the  instant  of 
pital,  and  to  cry  aloud  as  he  exhibited  it : '  waking.  Allow  me  to  otter  you  the  following, 
Behold  all  that  Saladin,  who  overcame  the  which  was  vividly  impressed  on  my  mind I  :— 
ist,  bears  away  of  his  conquests."  There  I  "When  an  undergraduate  of  Trinity  Col- 
e  too  many  Christians  who  are  arranging  lege,  Cambridge,  I  was  permitted  to  reside  in 

carry  away   with    tbem,   in  their  dying,  c.olleSe  ™°™  d|J™S  1^™^  |°° 
ithinir  more  than  the  Mohammedan  leader  :tl0a 


wrinkled  and  folded  by  external  pressure 
without  breaking.  Although  it  may  be  thick 
enough  to  bear  the  weight  of  a  man,  it  is  so 
plastic  that  a  footstep  makes  a  deep  impres- 
sion as  in  mouldable  clay." — On  the  Properties 
of  Water  andjee,  by  Otto  Pctterson. 

Animal  Intelligence. — In  one  of  the  fields 
attached  to  my  house  there  is  a  large  pond 
well  stocked  with  fish  and  especially  with 
eels.  I  very  often  spend  an  evening  fishing 
for  these  latter  using  several  lines  at  different 
points  round  the  pond,  the  rods  lying  on  the 
grass  ;  each  one  receiving  my  attention  when 
its  respective  float  indicates  that  there  is  a 
bite. 

My  collie  dog,  "  Winifred,"  is  constantly 
with  me  on  these  occasions,  and  has  always 
taken  the  greatest  interest  in  her  master's 
proceedings.  It  was  for  a  long  time  a  source 
of  considerable  amusement  to  me  to  notice 
that  the  dog  had  come  to  understand  the 
connection  between  the  bobbing  and  final 
disappearance  of  a  float,  and  the  subsequent 
exciting  proceedings  of  pulling  up  an  eel,  dis- 
engaging  it  from  the  book,  and  putting  it 
into  the  creel.  The  cocked  ears,  head  on  one 
side,  and  eager  eyes  of  "  Winifred,"  when  she 
saw  a  float  bobbing  gave  plain  proof  that  she 
was  as  much  interested  in  the  fishing  as  her 
master. 

One  evening,  I  was  at  one  end  of  the  pond 
baiting  a  book,  while  the  dog  had  remained 
at  the  other  end,  lying  on  the  grass  close  to 
one  of  the  rods.  Suddenly  I  observed  her 
showing  signs  of  excitement,  and,  on  looking 
across,  saw  one  of  my  floats  disappearing 
under  the  water.  As  I  did  not  come,  "Wini- 
fred" got  very  excited  indeed,  uttered  one  or 
harp  yelps,  and  ended  by  seizing  the 
t- 
1 


As  fires  were  not  wanted  in  our  sittiiu 


his    shoulder 


.unted  his  possession  at  his  death.  But I  rooms,  ; it  was  customary  for  each  residents 
ere  is  no  need  of  such  a  penniless  entrance  bed  maker  or  other  officer  to  carry  his  water- 
to  eternity.  "  Lay  up  for  yourselves  trea-  kettle  for  breakfast  and  tea  to  the  college 
resin  heaven,"  said  Jesus;  and  He  would  kitchen,  and  bring  it  back  with  water  boiling 
>t  have  enjoined  the  doinjj  of  that  which!0'1  one  ocTcasion  I  had  overslept  my  usual 
uld  not  be  done.  Treasure  laid  up  in  heaven  hour>  aiul  X  dreamed  a  dream.  I  was  at  the 
as  remunerative  as  it  is  auto.— Selected.  gatc  of  a  country  farm-yard  well  known  to 

.. _  ^^__  me,    and    there    came   a    long   procession   of 

But  neither  do  parts  nor  learning  make  horses,  asses,  oxen,  hogs,  sheep,  and  all  the 
en  the  better  Christians,  though  the  better  animals  usually  to  be  found  in  a  farm-yard, 
ators  and  disputants;  and  it  is  the  igno-  followed  by  a  north-country  drover,  with  his 
nee  of  people  about  the  divine  gift,  that  plaid  or  maude  crossed  over 
uses  that  vulgar  and  mischievous 
aeory  and  practice,  speculation 
ent,  words  and  life,  are  two  things.     Oh  !  Iceived  and  actually  heard  ( 

is  the  penitent,  tire  reformed,  the  lowly,|the  auditory  sounds  and  the  intellectual  in- 
e  watchful,  the  self-denying  and  holy  soul  terpretation  intermingled)  that  my  bed-maker 
at  is  the  Christian  ;  and  that  frame'is  the  was  at  my  chamber  door,  calling  to  me,  'Sir, 
nit  and  work  of  the  spirit  which  is  the  life  I  have  brought  your  kettle.'  The  hearing 
'Jesus;  whose  life,  though  hid,  in  the  ful-  had  been  confused  ;  there  had  been  no  reason- 
iss  of  it,  in  God  the  Father,  is  shed  abroad  ing;  but  there  had  been  instantaneous  vigor 

the  hearts  of  them  that  truly  believe.  Oh  !  of  creative  imagination. — A.  B.  G.  in  Nature. 
at  people  did  but  know  this  to  cleanse  j  Arctic  Ice.— "  The  new  ice  which  arises  by 
.em,  to  circumcise  them,  to  quicken  them,  the  sudden  freezing  of  the  calm  surface  of  the 
id   to  make  tbem   new  creatures  indeed!  Arctic  Sea  is  a  tough  substance,  which  can  be 


as  mistake,  who  walked  up  to  me  and  said,  'Sir,  I  have  scream  at  a  mouse.  1  wa 
and  enjoy- 1  brought  your  cattle.'  In  an  instant  I  per-  a  school  for  girls,  and  a  gre. 
ings.     Oh!  Iceived  and  actually  heard  (so  intimately  were  ing  into  the  room.     Evei 


ng  to  pull  out  the  line  from  the  water. 
hurried  to  take  the  line  from  her.  There' 
was  a  goodly  eel  on  the  hook. — Morgan  J. 
Roberts  in  Nature. 

Out-of-door  Life  for  Girls. — Girls  do  not 
instinctively  crave  out-door  life,  but  are  glad 
to  remain  a  good  share  of  the  day  within 
their  homes.  A  healthy  boy  longs  to  get 
outside  the  walls  into  the  light  and  air.  I  do 
not  maintain  that  girls  should  live  quite  like 
boys,  but  thej'  go  too  far  in  this  divergence. 
The  reasons  why  they  ought  to  live  out  of 
doors  a  great  deal  are  these — 

They  get  more  and  better  air,  and  conse- 
quently develop  better  lungs.  They  get  the 
benefit  of  the  sunshine.  Girls  as  a  rule  do  not 
love  the  light.  The  reason  is  they  have  been 
taught  from  birth  to  keep  out  of  the  sunshine. 
Their  mothers  tell  them  that  it  spoils  their 
complexion.  I  have  a  profound  respect  for 
mothers,  but  they  err  in  this  matter.  I  love 
to  see  girls  with  faces  tanned  enough  to  look 
ruddy  and  vigorous.  They  become  muscular 
and  learn  how  to  use  their  muscles.  They 
lose  that  fear  that  makes  so  many  of  them 
I  was  once  teaching  in 
t-eat  dog  came  bound- 
y  pupil  there  but 
one  was  badly  frightened.  She  had  lived  out 
of  doors  a  good  deal  more  than  the  others, 
and  got  physical  strength  and  courage  from 
it.  Since  then  she  has  greatly  distinguished 
herself  in  the  world. — Dr.  Holbrook  in  Bio 
Lewis'  Monthly. 

Sun-spots. — A  recent  observation  of  the  sun 
showed  his  golden  face  disfigured  by  three 
huge  spots,  one  in  the  southern,  and  two  in 
the  northern  hemisphere.     The  largest  spot 


91 


THE    FRIEND. 


covered  a  space  of  at  least  a  twentieth  of  the 
sun's  diameter,  which  translated  into  figures 
is  about  forty-four  thousand  miles.  Imagina- 
tion fails  to  give  an  idea  of  a  huge  cavity  or 
raging  cyclone  on  such  a  gigantic  scale.  The 
earth  could  be  tossed  into  the  seething  vortex 
like  a  ball  into  a  pond.  The  four  inner  planets, 
Mercury,  Venus,  the  earth  and  Mars,  trans- 
fused into  one  mass,  would  not  half  fill  the 
chasm,  if  its  depth  be  in  proportion  to  its 
external  dimensions.  Even  the  giant  Nep- 
tune, the  third  planet  in  size  of  the  solar 
family,  measured  side  by  side  with  this  enor- 
mous sun  cavern,  would  not  equal  its  diameter 
by  thousands  of  miles.  Immense  as  was  the 
size  of  this  sun  spot,  it  has  been  greatly  ex 
ceeded  by  several  that  have  been  observec 
during  the  past  year.  The  second  spot  was 
nearly  as  large  as  the  first,  and  the  third  was 
by  no  means  insignificant. 

Submarine  Observatory. — During  the  forth 
coming  international  exhibition  to  be  held  at 
Nice,  —  Tosselli  will  exhibit  a  submarine 
observatory,  of  which  the  following  descrip- 
tion is  given  in  Engineering :  "It  is  made  of 
steel  and  bronze  to  enable  it  to  resist  the 
pressure  of  water  at  a  depth  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty  metres,  —  nearly  one  hundred 
pounds  to  the  square  inch.  The  vessel  is 
divided  into  three  compartments,  the  upper 
for  the  commander,  to  enable 'him  to  direct 
the  observatory  and  give  explanations  to  the 
passengers,  who  to  the  number  of  eight  oc- 
cupy the  middle  compartment.  They  have 
under  their  feet  a  glass  plate  enabling  them 
to  see  thebottom,  with  its  corals,  fishes,  grass, 
&C.  The  third  compartment  contains  the 
buoyant  chamber,  and  can  be  regulated  at 
will.  As  the  sea  is  dark  at  the  depth  of 
seventy  metres,  the  observatory  is  to  be 
lighted  by  electricity,  and  a  telephone  com- 
municates with  the  surface." 

Death  from  Passion. — Recent  English  papers 
give  accounts  of  a  curious  case  that  had  come 
before  the  coroner  at  Southwark,  London. 
Henry  Stoeker,  45  years  old,  become  enraged 
at  his  11-year  old  son,  and  as  the  latter  ran 
away,  exclaimed,  "God  strike  me  dead  if  I 
don't  kill  him  when  I  catch  him."  His  wife 
induced  him  to  go  into  the  house,  and  soon 
afterward  he  complained  of  a  choking  sensa- 
tion. He  died  within  twenty-four  hours,  and 
that  was  called  to  attend  him 
;e  to  the  effect  that  the  deceased 
■cry  violent  fit  of  passion,  which 
caused  a  rupture  of  one  of  the  valves  of  the 
heart,  and  so  produced  death.  The  jury  re- 
turned a  verdict  in  accordance  with  the  medi- 
cal evidence. 


the  s 
gave 


Items. 

— Freewill  Baptists. — Representative  men 
of  the  Freewill  Baptists,  Free  Christian  Bap- 
tists of  New  Brunswick,  Free  Baptists  of 
Nova  Scotia,  Church  of  God,  General  Bap- 
tists, and  Separate  Baptists,  joined  in  a  call 
for  a  Baptist  Convention  (Open  Communion) 
held  10th  mo.  2d,  in  Minneapolis.  Its  object 
was  "a  more  intimate  acquaintance  among 
Liberal  Baptists,  a  closer  union,  and  the 
promotion  of  truth."  All  Liberal  Baptists 
were  invited.  The  Morning  Star  enumer- 
ated the  various  bodies  as  follows  :  The  Free- 
will Baptists  of  the  North,  with  77.929  com- 
municants, in  1880  they  celebrated  the  100th 
year  of  their  existence. '  The  <  Ihurch  of  God, 
organized  in  Pennsylvania  in  1830,  now  em- 
bracing more  than  30,000  communicants.   The 


Free  Christian  Baptists  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  the  Free  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia,  to- 
gether numbering  about  14,000  communi- 
cants. The  General  Baptists  of  the  West 
number  about  13,000;  the  Separate  Baptists, 
7,000  ;  the  original  Freewill  or  General  Bap- 
tists of  N.  C.  number  from  G,000  to  10,000 
members.  Besides  these  bodies,  there  are 
numerous  other  smaller  ones,  namely,  The 
Cumberland  Association  of  Freewill  Baptists, 
in  Tennessee,  1,000  members.  Several  bodies 
are  scattered  through  the  Carolinas,  Georgia, 
and  Alabama,  and  are  represented  by  what  is 
known  as  the  "  Southern  Baptists'  Associa- 
tion." They  aggregate  about  4,000  commu- 
nicants. Half  a  century  ago  the  number  of 
Open-communion  Arminian  Baptists  in  this 
country  was  less  than  50,000.  To-day  they 
probably  aggregate  not  far  from  three  times 
that  number.  This  Conference  adopted  reso- 
lutions declaring  that  the  use  of  tobacco  and 
opium  in  any  form  should  be  prohibited  ;  and 


branch),  and  the  result  was  the  preparafflj 
of  an  epistle  in  reply.  The  Friends'  Intel\ 
gencer  of  10th  mo.  13th  says:  "The  lett 
to  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  of  Frienc 
(of  another  branch)  was  read,  approved  at 
directed  to  the  care  of  the  correspondents  fi 
copying,  with  the  addition  of  the  prop, 
heading  and  the  signature  of  our  clerks,  ai 
forwarding  as  proposed." 

— Holiness— Theory  vs.  Practice. — In  T, 
Western  Friend  for  10th  mo.,  the  Editor  speal 
of  an  organization  in  Kansas  calling  its« 
the  "South  Western  Holiness  Association 
the  acting  president  of  which  "is  a  divorce 
man  with  two  wives  living  at  the  last 
count."  It  held  a  "  union"  protracted  mee 
ing  in  a  Friends'  meeting-house  in  Bull 
Co.,  Kansas.  "  The  wife  of  the  chief  speakc 
is  a  divorced  woman,  with  two  husba 
living." 

When  we  consider  the  teaching  of  our  Saviour  < 


ecommending  that  any  minister  who  indulges  the,  i'"liiW."1J?,1,,t'  character  of  the  marriage  unip 
„  u  i .„<■. ^i  „„,]■■{■  b     l-^'i'i  the  sinfulness  c.i  forming;)  second  eonnectn 


in  it  be  refused  ordination 

—  Wesley  an   Evangelists. 
Methodists  of  Ei    '  " 


■The    Weslcyan 


forming  a  second  connects 
during  the  lifetime  of  a  former  partner;  we  can  h 
I  lament  that  such  loose  ideas  on  this  imports 
ject  should  have  crept  into  any  part  of  c 


ugland  have  had  under ■  ap-  is  especially  strange  thai anv,'who  are  guilty  inth 
pointment  during  the  past  year  "a  Con-  matter,  should  undertake  to  teach  "holiness" 
nectional  Evangelist,"  as  he  is  termed,  to  others  ;  nor  do  we  see  how  to  account  for  it,  but  1 
whom  is  assigned  as  a  dut3r,  the  holding  of  supposing  that  they  hold  some  peculiar  theori 
series  of  meetings,  and  attempting  to  promote  which  are  disconnected  from  sound  practices.  Th 
religious  revivals  in  different  localities.  The  slK'h  l'^'iis  sll°uld  ^  a  prominent  part  iu  mee 
Christian  Advocate  of  New  York  favors  the  J"f  .1  ielf'  ln  a  1,0,1,s?  '^""""'S  to  our  Society,  is 
•    .       ,      ..  e         ,  •    j.     ,i      -m-   ,i        proof  of  the  need  ot  greater  can  ion  on  the  part 

introduction  ot  such  a  system  into  the  Metho-  friends  as  to  how  thev  permit  their  houses  to  1 
dist  Episcopal  Church  of  this  country  ;  and  used  for  other  purposes  than  those  for  which  the 
suggests  that  men  selected  for  the  purpose,  of  were  erected, 
intelligence  and   refinement  would   be   more  — 

satisfactory   than   some  of  those   who    have;  rp -it- -p      in  d  T  1?  tvt  t\ 

voluntarily  entered  upon  such  services,  andj  aMJBj      FRIE  N  iJ. 

who  have  had  but  inferior  qualifications. 

This  may  seem  natural  and  proper  to  those  whose 
view  of  gospel  ministry  differs  from  that  held  by  the 
Society  of  Friends,  and  who  prescribe  fixed  times  ati 
which  preaching  is  to  be  performed.  But  such  an 
officer  would  be  altogether  out  of  place  among  a| 

people  who  believe,  as  every  true  Friend  does,  that  held   on   Seventh-day,  9th   month   29th,  an 
no  man  can  rightly  preach  the  gospel  but  as  he|  was  thought  to  be  a  time  of  Divine  favor, 
is  immediately  moved  thereto  by  theSpint  of  Christ  '      The  meetings  on  First-day  were  large,  bcin 
and  that  tins  motion  is  not  always  manifested,  but  .    ,  ,        &  ,  en  ■      j    c  -ni  -i 

must  be  reverently  waited  for  in  silence  and  hu-i  a}  e,,K.ie(l  b>]  a  number  of  Friends  from  Phi U 


TENTH  MONTH  27,  1883 


The 


OHIO  YEARLY  MEETING, 
meeting  of  ministers  and  eldt 


mihty. 

First-day  Papers 
[First]-day  by  readin 


delphia  and  other  Yearly  Meetings,  and  b 
rr,,  ,    „.,        ,.      many  people  from  the  surrounding  countrf 

Thousands  fill  up  the  in  ad<}[t[oln   to   Friends    belonging  to    Ohi 


[  Mrst]-day  by  reading  ,t       I  housands  more  Year,     Meetin        Severa,  min£tera  were  er 

£i:ie!r^udf.-all^„at"TAei;?  :°f  .th!'|;'l  gaged l  in  the  exercise  of  their  gifts.     In  thj 

mu    i  evening  collection   at  the   Boarding  Scboo 

i those  who  were  present  wore  addressed  o 


families  with  its  contents,  so  that  it  is  to  all 
ntents   and    purposes   a   secular   day. 


inister   addressing    a    congregation    whose,  thc;ullject ,  of  the'  shortnes8  and  uncertain! 
indo  ars   filhd    with    society  and   huraryiof.  hf,  ^  th,  fo,]y  _f  ];ul.,lling  ,v;„  WJ 

the  business  and  pleasures  of  this  lift 


jlitical  news 
the  wilderness.' 


gossip  and  commercial  and 

he  voice  of  one  crying 
—  Chr.  Advocate. 


Masonry  and  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Covn- 
!.— In  the  report  of  the  proceedings  of  this 
ouncil  on  the  9th  inst.  it  is  stated  "that  the 
House  of  Deputies  accepted  with  thanks  an 
invitation  from  the  "Grand  Master'  of  the 
Masons  of  Pennsylvania  to  visit  their  build- 
ing in  Philadelphia  called  the  "Masonic  Tern- 
pie." 

It  is  with  sincere  regret,  that  we  observe  that 
such  a  body  of  men,  professing  to  be  followers  of 
Him  who  came  as  a  Unlit  into  the  world,  should  so 


fruitful  works  of  darkness,  but  rather  reprove  them." 

— Address  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting. — 
This  document  was  introduced  to  the  notice 
of  Illinois  Yearly  Meeting  (of  the  Hicksite 


succe 

to  the  neglect  of  those  things  which  per 
to  the  life  to  come.  The  case  of  Solomon  wa 
referred  to,  and  his  conclusion  that  to  fea 
God  and  keep  his  commandments  is  the  whol 
duty  of  man,  was  impressed  upon  the  ' 

On  Second-day  morning  the  meeting  fo 
business  convened  at  10  o'clock.  Minute 
were  read  from  the  Monthly  Mee 
Friends  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  N( 
District,  releasing  John  S.  Stokes,  a  ministci 
and  Mark  Balderston  as  his  companion,  fc 
attend  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  and  some  of  it 
subordinate  meetings.  Both  of  these  Friend 
were  acceptably  in  attendance;  also  Bacbe 
E.  Patterson,  a  minister  from  Philadelphia 
James  Mnulsby,  a  minister  from  Western, 
companied  by  Joel  Hodson,  an  elder;  Be 
min  P.  Brown,  a  minister  from  North  Caro 
Una  Yearly  Meeting,  and  David  Huddlcston 
an  elderly  Friend  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting 


THE    FRIEND. 


95 


A  vacancy  having  occurred  by  the  decease 
'  a  correspondent  of  a  Month!}'  Meeting  in 
ennsville  Quarterly  Meeting,  the  reprcsen- 
.tives   from    that    Quarter   were   desired   to 


rree  upoi 


the   name  of  a  Friend  to  succeed 


ra.  A  report  from  the  Committee  on  Primary 
jhools,  read  at  this  sitting,  shows  that  18 
bools  have  been  taught  during  the  past 
jar,  under  the  care  of  Month]}-  or  Prepara- 
ve  Meetings.  The  number  of  children  in  the 
early  Meeting,  of  an  age  to  attend  school, 
as  713 ;  of  whom  287  attended  Friends' 
ihools,  exclusively  ;  261,  district  schools  ;  50, 
riends  and  district  schools  ;  40,  district  and 
fier  schools;  71,  mostly  receiving  instruction 
;  home,  but  some  of  them  not  attending  any 
bool.  A  committee  was  also  appointed  to 
ittle  the  treasurer's  account,  rearrange  the 
iotas,  &c. 

On  Third-day  the  representatives  reported 
le  names  of  \Vilson  Hall  for  clerk,  and  Abel 
'..  Blackburn  for  assistant  clerk, — who  were 
tiited  with.  The  answers  to  the  Queries 
ere  then  read  and  considered,  and  pertinent 
mnsel  given  to  reported  deficiencies.  The 
ihjects  of  neglect  of  attendance  of  religious 
eetings  and  of  attending  meetings  where  a 
Ireling  ministry  is  supported,  claimed  par- 
cular  attention.  The  reading  of  the  names, 
jes,  &c,  of  deceased  elders,  six  in  number, 
as  attended  with  a  remarkable  solemnity, 
ader  which  the  meeting  closed. 
According  to  custom,  a  meeting  for  wor- 
rip  was  held  on  Fourth-day  morning,  which 
as  large.  Many  not  members  were  present, 
.it  the  meeting  was  remarkably  quiet  and 
ittled.  That  for  business  convened  at  three 
clock  in  the  afternoon.  A  Friend  called  at- 
mtion  to  the  approaching  State  election,  in 
hich  much  interest  was  felt  on  account  of 
n  amendment  to  the  Constitution  prohibit 
ig  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating 
i-inks,  being  submitted  to  a  popular  vote, 
desired  to  extend  a  caution  that  Friends 


ngs  of  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  should  send 
certificates  to  and  receive  certificates  from 
.Monthly  Meetings  in  those  bodies,  both  on 
account  of  removal  of  residence  and  on  ac- 
count of  marriage.  And  that  their  ministers 
be  accorded  all  the  rights  and  privileges  that 
membership  in  our  Society  confers. 

The  report  was  united  with  by  a  full  ex- 
pression in  both  the  men's  and  women's  meet- 
ings, and  without  any  expressed  dissent.  It 
was  felt  that  this  decision  was  owned  by  the 
Head  of  the  Church,  and  many  tears  were 
shed.  The  committee  was  continued  another 
year,  to  visit  other  bodies  with  whom  they 
sympathized.  A  report  was  read  at  this  ses- 
sion from  the  committee  on  the  circulation  of 
Friends'  books,  to  whom  $125  was  directed  to 
be  paid  for  use  the  present  year.  Friends 
composing  the  committee  were  encouraged 
to  diligence  in  the  work  in  which  they  were 
engaged. 

Fifth-day  a  minute  was  adopted  to  accom 
pany  the  report  on  the  "  Scattered  remnants 
of  Society,"  to  be  sent  to  the  newly  recognized 
Yearly  Meetings.  A  report  was  read  from 
the  committee  having  charge  of  the  Boardin 
School,  which  was  interesting;  also  one  from 
the  Pennsville  representatives,  nominating  : 
Friend  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  list  of  corre 
spondents.  The  minutes  of  the  Meeting  for 
Sufferings  were  read.  A  vacancy  in  the  repre 
sentation  from  Salem  Quarter  was  reported 
to  have  been  filled  by  a  new  appointment. 
The  trustees  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Meeting 


Overseers  of  the  Poor  were  utterly  unable  to 
meet  the  demands  upon  them.  A  public 
meeting  was  called,  and  a  number  of  promi- 
nent citizens  volunteered  their  services  as  a 
committee.  They  borrowed  funds  on  per- 
sonal responsibility  from  the  Bank  of  North 
America,  made  arrangements  for  the  care  of 
the  sick,  provided  a  home  for  the  convales- 
cents, another  for  orphan  children  whose 
parents  had  been  swept  away  by  the  pesti- 
lence, looked  after  the  preparation  of  coffins 
and  burial  of  the  dead,  the  employment  of 
physicians  and  nurses,  and  the  care  and 
management  of  the  Hospital  at  Bush  Hill  for 
the  Yellow  Fever  patients.  The  committee 
held  meetings  daily,  and  their  published  min- 
utes show  that  several  of  the  ministers  and 
valuable  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
were  active  members  of  it — such  as  William 
Savery,  John  Letchworth,  Daniel  Offley,  and 
others.  Among  this  noble  band  was  Stephen 
Girard,  who  not  only  gave  his  time  and  labor 
with  the  others  but.  in  connection  with  Peter 
Helm,  volunteered  to  assume  the  most  danger- 
ousand  tryingofthedutiesto  be  performed,  by 
undertaking  the  management  of  the  Hospital, 
where  much  of  his  time  was  spent.  Day 
after  day,  we  find  in  the  minutes  of  the 
committee,  after  giving  the  names  of  those 
who  were  present,  the  added  memorandum — 
"  Stephen  Girard  and  Peter  Helm  at  the 
Hospital."' 

The  risk  attending  this  service  is  shown  by 
the  manner  in  which  the  committee  speak  of 


property  asked  for  a  rule  of  the  Yearly-  Meet-!  it  in  their  report  to  the  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
ing  allowing  them  to  dispose  of  that  property,  vania.  They  state  that  they  divided  them- 
which  was  granted.  Near  the  close  of  this  selves  into  sub-committees  to  whom  different 
sitting,  a  Friend  appeared  in  fervent  suppli-j parts  of  the  business  was  assigned, — "one  of 
cation,  that  brought  a  remarkable  feeling  of  I  which  undertook  the  extreme  hazardous  part 
tenderness  and  solemnity  over  the  meeting/ of  attending  at  and  managing  the  Hospital  at 
Silence  succeeded,  which   was    broken    by  a  Bush  Hill.' 


few  sentences  from  several.  The  concluding 
minute  was  read  with  much  feeling,  and 
Friends  slowly  left  their  seats  to  part  with 


lould  be  on  their  guard  against  excitement  leach  other,  in   some  cases,  doubtless,  for  the 


t-the  polls.  A  minister  was  liberated  to  visit 
le  women's  meeting.  A  report  was  received 
oni  a  committee  that  had  been  under  ap 
Dintment  for  two  years,  to  visit  the  "  scat 
>red  remnants  of  Society."     At  the  Yearly! 

r~~..:_ „„. *i i 1   u — iLn.:..J    1 


ast  time  on  earth. 

The  women's  meeting  closed   under  a  like 
precious  covering. 


In  '•  The  Friend"  for  10th  mo.  13th,  there 

ng  a  year  ago  they  had  been  authorized  is  an   interesting  article  taken   from   a   Mt. 

Holly  paper,  which  speaks  of  the  destruction 


nd  encouraged  to  visit,  as  way  might  open 
aose  bodies  of  Friends  who  were  endeavor- 
)g  to  bear  a  faithful  testimony  to  the  original 
rinciples  and  practices  of  our  Society.  In 
prying  out  this  concern  they  had  paid  a 
umber  of  visits  to  meetings  and  families  in 
ndiana,  Kansas,  Iowa  and  other  places, 
'hese  visits  had  favorably  impressed  the 
linds  of  the  committee. 

Connected  with  this  subject  was  the  tried 
ituation  of  a  number  of  members  of  Ohio 
rearly  Meeting,  residing  in  Davis  county, 
Kansas,  some  of  whom  had  entered  into  mar- 
iage  engagements,  which  they  saw  no  way 
o  carry  out  in  the  order  of  Society.  The 
lonthly  Meetings  to  which  thc.y  belonged 
id  not  see  that  they  could  properly  establish 

meeting  for  them  ;  nor  grant  certificates  of 
emoval  to  a  body  that  had  not  been  recog- 
ized  by  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting. 

The  report  takes  the  view  that  the  course 
iursued  bj'  the  Friends  who  have  left  those 
hat  have  trampled  upon  our  principles  and 
estimonies,  was  justifiable,  and  recommends 
he  acknowledgment  of  Western,  Kansas  and 
owa,  known  as  the  smaller  bodies,  as  Yearly 
leetings  of  Friends.    That  the  Monthly  Meet- 


of  an  old  building,  which  formerly  was  the 
esidence  of  John  Woolman.  In  the  course 
of  it,  the  character  of  that  devoted  and  un- 
worldly servant  of  Christ  is  contrasted  with 
that  of  Stephen  Girard,  who  also  was  at  one 
time  a  resident  of  Mt.  Holly,  and  who  after- 
wards became  a  wealthy  ship  owner  and 
merchant  in  Philadelphia.  It  speaks  of  Girard 
as  "  bending  every  faculty  of  mind  and  body 
for  the  one  purpose — accumulation  of  worldly 
riches." 

To  say  that  "  every  faculty  of  mind  and 
body"  is  devoted  to  one  pursuit,  is  a  very 
strong  form  of  expression.  There  was  a  very 
great'eontrast  between  the  two  men  as  to 
their  pursuit  of  worldly  riches,  as  well  as  in 
other  ways.  Yet  this  earnestness  in  the  ac- 
cumulation of  wealth  did  not  prevent  Girard 
from  showing  at  times  a  practical  benevo- 
lence, and  a"  high  degree  of  self-sacrificing 
sympathy  with  the  distresses  of  his  fellow 
men. 

This  was  strikingly  evidenced  during  the 
awful  visitation  of  the  Yellow  Fever  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1793.  The  distress  and  suiferiiig 
which  prevailed  were  so  extensive,  that  the 


After  the  disease  bad  disappeared  there 
still  remained  under  charge  of  the  committee 
nearly  100  orphans,  and  the  care  and  disposal 
of  these  occupied  their  attention  after  the 
charge  of  the  sick  and  poor  had  been  handed 
over  to  the  regular  city  authorities.  It  is 
quite  probable  that  the' sympathy  then  felt 
with  those  who  were  deprived  of  their  natural 
caretakers,  ultimately  led  Stephen  Girard  to 
appropriate  so  large  a  portion  of  his  estate  to 
the  founding  of  an  institution  designed  to 
assist  and  educate  this  class  of  the  community. 

In  the  first  number  of  the  present  volume, 
it  was  stated  that  the  "  Contributors  to  The 
Friend,"  had  decided  to  send  their  paper 
gratuitously  for  a  limited  time  to  some  who 
were  not  subscribers,  in  the  hope  of  pro- 
moting a  better  understanding  among  Friends 
in  different  localities  "  who  adhere  to  the 
original  doctrines  of  our  Soeiet}7." 

This  special  gratuitous  distribution  it  is 
proposed  to  discontinue  after  the  issue  of  our 
next  number,  13.  To  those  who  have  been 
receiving  it,  or  to  any  others  who  desire  to 
become  subscribers,  it  will  be  forwarded  for 
the  remainder  of  the  present  volume  for  SI. 50 
—the  price  of  the  paper  being  $2.00  per 
annum.  All  subscriptions  and  moneys  should 
be  forwarded  to  the  Agent,  John  S.  Stokes, 
at  No.  116  North  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia. 
It  is  desirable  to  hear  promptly  from  our 
friends  on  this  subject,  so  that  we  may  know 
how  many  copies  to  print  of  the  future  num- 
bers. 

In  those  localities,  where  no  one  has  been 
appointed  to  act  as  "  Agent"  for  "  The  Friend," 


96 


THE    FRIEND. 


it  might  prove  a  great  convenience,  if  some 
suitable  person  would  receive  the  subserip 
tions  of  his  neighbors  and  forward  them  in 
one  sum,  by  .Money  Order,  or  registered  letter 
— deducting  the  expense  from  the  amount 
forwarded.  The  "Contributors"  will  send 
their  paper  to  such  persons  without  charge. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— The  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the 
Treasury  Department  reports  the  total  value  of  exports 
of  domestic  breadstuff's  for  9th  month,  1SS3.  to  he  $16,- 
192,960;  for  the  corresponding  month  in  1882  $24'- 
602,001. 

The  Director  of  the  Mint  reports  the  total  circulation 
of  the  United  Slates  on  10th  mo.  1st  at  $1,739,597,823,  of 
which  1544,512,099  was  in  gold  coin,  and  £235,291,323 
in  silver.  The  total  circulation  increased  §19, 115,635 
since  10th  mo.  1st,  1882. 

The  Southern  Railway  Time-table  Convention  met 
in  New  York  on  the  17th.  A  committee  was  appointed 
to  make  arrangements  with  the  different  telegraph  com- 
panies for  die  transmission  of  the  new  standard  time  to 
the  different  railroad  companies.  The  new  time  will 
go  into  effect  on  11th  mo.  18th,  next. 

The  officers  of  the  Signal  Service  on  duty  in  Wash- 
ington, have  since  had  a  conference  looking  to  the  adop- 
tion of  the  new  standard  time,  in  accordance  with  the 
movement  of  the  railroads  in  that  respect. 

Postmaster  General  Gresham  says  the  reduction  on 
the  1st  inst.  of  the  domestic  rate  of  postage  from  3  to  2 
cents,  reduced  also  from  the  same  date  from  6  to  4  cents 
per  half  ounce  the  "  double  postage"  charge  made  upon 
letters  for  delivery  in  the  United  States,  commonly 
called  "ship  letters,"  which  are  conveyed  to  this  coun- 
try by  vessels  not  regularly  employed  in  conveying 
mads. 

From  the  annual  report  of  the  First  Assistant  Post 
master  General,  for  the  year  which  ended  6th  mo.  30th, 
1883,  it  appears  that  the  whole  number  of  post-offices 
in  the  United  States  on  6th  mo.  30th  was  47,863,  a 
crease  of  1632  during  the  year.  The  increase  in  the 
six  New  England  States  was  :!(!,  in  the  Middle  States 
and  District  of  Columbia  223,  in  the  Southern  States 
and  Indian  Territory  755,  in  the  States  and  Territories 
of  the  West  and  Northwest  5S0,  and  on  the  Pacific  slope 
68.  Of  all  the  States  Pennsylvania  had  the  largest 
number  of  po,t  , .Hires,  namely,  3716,  New  York  being 
second  with  3082,  and  Ohio  third  with  2629.  Lancas- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania,  had  158  post-offices,  the 
largest  number  of  any  county  in  the  United  States.  To 
facilitate  the  despatch  of  letters  of  "  exceptional  import- 
ance," Postmaster  Ilatton  recommends  that  "a  special 
stamp  be  provided,  which,  when  affixed  to  a  letter, 
whether  mail  or  local,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  post- 
age stamp,  shall  be  regarded  by  the  office  addressed  as 
entitling  the  letter  to  immediate  delivery  up  to  10 o'clock 
P.  M.  To  provide  for  their  delivery  it  is  suggested  that 
boys  be  employed  and  required  to  procure  receipts  from 
the  party  addressed  or  some  authorized  persons."  He 
also  says  :  "  In  view  of  the  excess  of  receipts  of  postage 
on  local  matter  alone  over  the  cost  of  its  delivery  ($1,- 
021,894),  it  seems  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  the 
postage  on  local  letters  at  offices  where  the  carrier  sys- 
tem is  in  operation  can  be  reduced  from  two  to  one 
cent." 

An  Indian  Agent  at  the  Spotted  Tail  Reservation 
has  gone  to  Washington,  accompanied  by  three  chiefs, 
to  protest  against  the  throwing  open  of  the  reservation 
to  white  settlers. 

The  value  of  the  silver  and  copper  produced  in  Ari- 
zona during  1883,  will  be  between  $15,0011,000  and 
$16,000,000.  This  places  Arizona  second  on  the  list  of 
bullion  producers. 


35  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing,  168  were  males  and  170  females:  51 
died  of  consumption  ;  20  of  pneumonia;  18  of  diph- 
theria ;  15  of  typhoid  fever  ;  15  of  convulsions,  and  10 
scarlet  fever. 


_  The  Secretary  of  State  of  Ohio  furnishes  the  follow- 
ing totals  ol  the  vote  of  that  State  at  the  late  election  : 
t  or  Governor,  F,, raker,  (Republican;,  317,064;  Hoadly, 
(Democrat),  :;59  593  ;  Schumacher,  8301  ;  Jenkins,  27*5; 
total  vote,  721,464.  Hoadly's  majority  over  all,  1383. 
Majority  for  the  Judicial  Amendment,  33,413.  The 
Second  Amendment  fell  short  of  a  majority,  39,543. 
The  Regulation  Amendment  received  98,050  votes'. 

On  the  22d  inst.  the  White  river  in  Arkansas  rose 
16  feet  during  48  hours,  and  Hooded  twelve  thousand 
acres  of  land  m  Independence  county.  This  is  the 
highest  rise  in  White  river,  with  one  exception,  since 
1873.  It  is  feared  that  a  number  of  small  farmers 
sufferers  by  the  present  flood,  will  have  to  be  assisted 
during  the  winter. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  338, 
which  was  16  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 


Markets,  &c  —  U.  S.  4}'s,  114};  4's,  121};  3's,  101; 
currency  6's,  129  a  136. 

Cotton  was  dull  and  rather  lower.  Sales  of  middlings 
were  reported  at  10}  a  11  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and 
New  (  Means. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8}  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9}  a  9;  els.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  is  dull  and  weak.  Sales  of  1700  barrels,  in- 
cluding Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  J 6.25 ;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5,121  a  $6  and 
patents  at  S6  a  $7.25.  Rye  flour  is  dull  at  $3".75  a  §3.86 
per  barrel. 

Grain.— Car  lots  of  wheat  were  dull  and  lower,  7500 
bushels  sold  at  $1  a  $1.13,  as  to  quality.     Rye  is  firm 
at  65  cts.  for  prime   Pennsylvania.     Corn. — Car  lots 
were  dull  and  irregular;  sales  of  9000  bushels  at  56-1 
a  63  cts.,  as  to  quality.     Oats.— Car  lots  were  inactive 
and  lower;  sales  of  10,5(10  bushels  at  34  a  36V  cts. 
Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  10th 
x  20th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  453  ;  loads  of  straw,  67. 
Average  price  during  week— Prime  timothy,  75  a  85 
cts.  per  100  lbs.;   mixed,  65  a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
aw,  70  a  SO  cts.  per  100  pounds. 
Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  and  prices  were  a 
fraction  higher:  3000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  4  a  6}  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 
Sheep  were  in   fair  demand   at  about  former  rates: 
4,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at 
i  a  5  cts.  per  lb.,  and  lambs  at  3J  a  7  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to 
nality. 

Hogs  were  rather  lower:  7500  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  the  different  yards  at  7  a  7|  cts.  per  lb.  the  latter  rate 
for  extra. 

Foreign.— On  the  18th  inst.  an  explosion  occurred 
at  midnight  in  the  Wharncliff'e-Carlton  Colliery,  near 
Barnsley,  Yorkshire.  There  were  twenty-five  men  in 
the  pit  at  the  time  of  the  accident.  When  the  explo- 
sion occurred  five  men  rushed  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
of  the  pit,  and  were  drawn  up  alive,  though  they  were 
injured  by  the  explosion.  The  men  remaining"in  the 
pit,  numbering  twenty,  were  lost.  The  falling  in  of  the 
roof  of  the  pit,  caused  delay  in  searching  for  the  bodies, 
and  another  explosion  of  coal  damp  occurred.  Several 
of  the  explorers  were  injured,  and  it  is  feared  that  two 
were  killed. 

The  death  is  announced  at  Paisley,  Scotland,  on  ll.„ 
15th  inst.,  of  Thomas  Coats,  Sr.,  who  was  the  head  of  the 
house  whose  spool  cotton  is  known  probably  through 
out  the  civilized  world. 

An  expedition  sent  out  from  Melbourne,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Argus  (newspaper)  to  explore  the  in 
terior  of  the  island  of  New  Guinea,  has  returned  in  con 
sequence  of  fever  attacking  its  members,  one  of  whom 


T 

the  disease  at  Aken.  Had  the  pork  which  caused  b 
disease  been  thoroughly  cooked,  there  would  have  bjj 
no  sickness  at  all. 

The  extent  of  the  cattle  plague  in  Russia,  which  s\ 
continues  its  ravages  with  unabated  fury,  may  be  I 
agined  from  the  statistics  gathered  on  the  subject  I 
the  Minister  of  the  Interior.  According  to  these  U 
less  than  1,010,962  head  of  cattle  perished  during 
last  four  years  in  European  Russia  alone. 

It  is  reported  that  much  damage  to  property  s| 
great  loss  of  life  have  been  caused  by  earthquakes  I 
the  peninsula  between  (Jhesme,  in  Asia-Minor,  opposl 
the  island  of  Chios,  and  Vourla,  on  the  southern  col 
of  the  Gulf  of  Smyrna.  All  the  villages  in  that  real 
have  been  destroyed,  and  it  is  believed  that  at  least  SJ 
persons  have  perished.  Most  of  the  houses  collapsi 
at  the  first  shock,  burying  their  inmates.  The  peon 
who  escaped  became  panic  stricken  and  sought 
fields,  where  many  are  still  huddled  together  in  a  stall 
ing  condition.  Lord  Granville  has  sent  a  despatch  ' 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  who  has  consented  to  ; 
ceive  and  transmit  donations  for  the  relief  of  the  si) 
ferers. 

Additional  shocks  of  earthquake  have  taken  place  i 
Smyrna,  causing  great   alarm  among  the   inhabitan 
but  doing  little  damage.     These  shocks  were  felt  on 
morning  of  the  20th  at  Gibraltar.     Their  duration  j 
from  10  to  12  seconds  each. 

A  despatch  to  Reuter's  Telegram  Company  annour 
that  a  treaty  of  peace  has  been  signed  between  Chili  i 
Peru. 


The  Iberia,  a  Madrid  paper,  opposes  the  propositii 
for  universal  suffrage   in   Spain,   but  admits   that  the 
present  franchise  is  capable  of  extension. 

A  despatch  to  the  Standard  from  Hong  Kong,  asserts 
that  reliable  advices  from  Yunnan  confirm  the  report 
that  the  Chinese  are  assisting  the  Black  Flags  in  Anam, 
who  number  3000  men,  exclusive  of  those  in  the  gar- 
risons at  Bacninh  and  Sontay.  Reports  concerning  an 
approaching  war  with  foreigners  are  circulating  in  the 
interior  of  China,  and  the  people  in  Yunnan  believe 
that  the  Chinese  army  is  preparing  to  wage  a  war  of 
extermination  against  all  foreigners. 

The  mail  steamer  from  the  Congo  river  arrived  at 
Lisbon  on  the  20th  inst.  By  her  it  is  learned  that  the 
arrival  in  Congo  of  Sir  Frederick  Goldsmid  on  9th 
mo.  18th,  created  some  sensation  there.  In  answer  to 
inquiries  Sir  Frederick  stated  that  the  object  of  his 
journey  was  to  examine  the  work  that  had  already  been 
done,  but  if  any  difficulties  occurred,  rendering  action 
on  the  part  of  the  English  Government  desirable,  he 
would  endeavor  to  obtain  it.  It  is  reported  that  De 
Brazza,  the  French  explorer,  arrived  at  Stanlev  Pool 
without  sufficient  appliances  to  enable  him  to  proceed 
further  up  the  Congo  river.  De  Brazza  will  probably 
meet  Henry  M.Stanley  when  the  latter  returns  from 
Stanley  Falls,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  greetings  be- 
tween the  two  rival  explorers  will  be  cordial. 

Four  hundred  persons  are  prostrated  by  trichinosis 

ten  villages  in  Saxony.  Fifty  of  the  sufferers  are  in 
a  hopleless  condition.  Deaths  from  the  disease  are 
occurring  daily.  Two  hundred  and  sixtv-six  persons 
were  suffering  from  trichinosis  at  Ermsleben,  Germany, 
on  the  21st.  Only  59  out  of  134  houses  are  free  from 
the  disease.  That  morning  up  to  10  o'clock  23  persons 
had  died.     There  have  also  been  several  fatal  cases  of 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Winter  Session  opens  on  Third-day,  tl 
30th  instant. 

Conveyances  will  be  at  Westtown  Station  on  th 
day,  to  meet  the  trains  that  leave  the  Broad  Strei 
Station  of  the  Peiin-iiilmiiitt  I 'in  il road  Cum  jinny,  atBro: 
and  Filbert  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  at  7.43,  9.05  and  11.1 
i.  jr.,  and  2.47,  4  55  and  5.50  p.  M.  Those  who  cs 
aiore  conveniently  go  the  day  before,  will  be  met 
Westtown  Station  on  Second-day,  if  timely  notice  is  sei 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,"  Sup't.,  address  Westlou 
P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

fiST"  The  Union  Transfer  Company  will  send  fc 
baggage  to  any  place  in  the  built-up  part  of  Philade 
phia,  if  notice  is  left  either  at  No.  838  Chestnut  St.,  a 
the  South  East  corner  of  Broad  and  Chestnut  Sts.,  a 
the  Baggage  Room  15th  St.  above  Market,  or  at  Marke 
St.  Ferry,,  (north  side),  and  will  deliver  it  at  the  Broai 
St.  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Compar_ 
a  charge  of  25  cents  per  trunk,  to  be  paid  either  wh9 
the  order  is  given  or  when  the  trunk  is  called  for.  Fo| 
the  same  charge  they  will  collect  baggage  from  any  o 
the  other  railroad  depols,  if  the  railroad  checks  held  foi 
such  baggage  are  left  at  one  of  the  offices  of  the  Transfe 
Company  above  designated.  In  all  cases  it  must  bi| 
stated  that  the  baggage  is  to  go  to  Westtown  Poardim 
School,  Westtown  Station,  on  the  Ilres(  Chester  and  Phila 
delphia  Railroad. 

During  the  Session,  passengers  for  the  School  will 
be  met  at  Westtown  Station,  every  day  except  First 
days,  on  the  arrival  of  the  first  and  second  through  trains 
from  the  City,  and  small  packages  for  the  pupils,  i: 
left  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  street,  will 
be  forwarded  every  Sixth-day  at  10|  o'clock,  and  the 
expense  charged  in  their  bills. 

10th  mo.  24th,  1S83. 

WANTED, 
A  woman  Friend  as  teacher  in  the  Select  School  for 
Boys.     One  specially   qualified  to  teach  reading  and 
writing,  desired.     Apply  to 

•     Geo.  J.  Scattergood,  626  Spruce  St. 
Mary  M.  Leeds,  3221  North  17th  St.     j 

GLEANINGS  AT  SEVENTY-FIVE. 
Henry  Longstreth,   bookseller,   has  issued  a   second| 
edition  of  the  above  compilation  by  Susan  Lukens,  late 
of  Ercildoun,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.     Price  75  cents,  postage 
included. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

AW  Franlcford,  (Twenty  third   Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 

WILLIAM  II.  PILE,  PRINTER,' 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  ELEVENTH  MONTH  3,  18S3. 


NO.    13. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 

Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


second-cla^  matter 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The   Fri 


letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  90.) 

"On  the  25th  of  Second  month,  1847,  I 
ttended  Bucks  Quarterly  Meeting,  held  at 
Buckingham  ;  in  which  my  mind  was  enlarged 
little  in  the  remembrance  of  the  declaration 
f  the  apostle,  '  It  is  not  by  works  of  right- 
ousness  which  we  have  done,  but  according 
o  his  mercy  He  saved  us,  by  the  washing  of 
feneration,  and  the  renewing  of  the  Holy 
S-host,  which  He  shed  on  us  abundantly 
hrough  Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour.'  Was  en- 
jaged  to  speak  of  it,  and  had  to  declare  that 
•he  influence  of  this  blessed  Holy  Spirit  was 
lot  a  mere  imagination,  but  a  holy  reality ; 
md  that,  as  it  came  to  operate  in  us,  would 
jring  into  subjection  the  perverse  and  corrupt 
mature,  and  make  us  new  creatures,  having 
tew  desires  and  affections,  &c. ;  in  which  my 
End  was  comforted,  and  faith  a  little  re- 
newed, after  a  season  of  close  trial,  and  in- 
deed for  a  time  previous  to  my  giving  up  to 
50,  it  seemed  as  though  my  sorrows  were 
deeply  stirred." 

In  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  months,  1847, 
William  Scattergood  visited  the  meetings  of 
Abington  and  Bucks  Quarterly  Meetings,  with 
our  late  friends  Joseph  Snowdon  and  Charles 
Williams  for  companions.  "In  the  course  of 
the  visit,"  he  says,  "  my  mouth  was  opened  in 
most  of  the  meetings  to  my  own  relief,  and 
in  several  family  sittings,  a  tender  invitation 
seemed  extended  to  some  of  the  younger  class, 
and  some  close  things  were  imparted  to  the 
elders.  *  *  *  Oh  !  the  state  of  the  church 
in  this  highl}-  favored  city !  How  is  the  gold 
become  dim,  the  most  fine  gold  changed  ;  and 
some  who  have  known  the  work  of  the  Lord, 
are  ready  to  slide,  and  indeed  have  slidden 
into  the  snare,  and  few  there  are  that  see 
the  state  of  things,  or  are  willing  to  be  bap- 
tized with  the  suffering  seed,  which  is  pressed 
as  a  cart  under  sheaves.  Oh,  how  I  groan, 
and  cry,  and  say  in  my  soul,  when  wilt  thou 
arise,  O  Lord,  and  take  unto  thyself  thy  great 
power!  When  wilt  thou  arise  for  the  deliver- 
ance of  my  poor  soul,  and  for  the  help  of  thy 
church  ! 

12th  mo.  30th,  1849.  The  close  of  another 
year  brings  me  once  more  to  a  serious  exam- 
ination of  the  ground  upon  which  I  am  stand- 
ing, and  fervent  desires  are  begotten  that  I 
may  not  flinch  from  the  discovery  of  my  true 


state.  Ah!  what  temptation  and  conflict  have  that  it  should  be  radical.  That  the  axe  should 
been  my  allotment;  what  doubts  and  fears !  be  laid  to  the  root  of  the  corrupt  tree;  and 
And  now  in  review  what  shall  I  say?  I  am 'that  no  deceitful  coverings  should  be  placed 
afraid  that  want  of  faith  in  the  divine  Arm  [upon  that  which  is  plausible  yet  corrupt, 
has  been  too  much  prevalent  in  my  poor  though  under  the  guise  of  high  religious  pro- 
doubting  soul,  so  as  to  hinder  from  the  right  fession.  In  order  to  this,  simple  dependence 
performance  of  duty,  and  that  I  stand  con-jupon,  and  deep  indwelling  is  needed  with  the 
demned  in  measure  for  neglect  thereof.  I  spring  of  Divine  life.  That  being  truly  bap- 
have  struggled  a  little  however  for  a  willing-1  tized  into  a  sense  of  the  state  of  the  church 
ness  to  believe,  but  alas  my  faith  has  been  so  and  of  individuals,  we  may  administer  rightly 
feeble,  and  my  efforts  to  follow  my  divine  [and  effectively  to  it.  *  *  * 
Master  so  broken,  that  I  am  almost  ashamed  I  cannot  but  believe  that  this  heavenly 
to  look  back.  And  now,  hast  thou  forsaken  controversy  is  to  be  maintained  ;  and  although 
me,  oh  my  God  ?  O  Lord,  thou  knowest  my  1  from  various  causes  it  seems  to  have  almost 
heart?  Thou  knowest  my  stumbling  foot-  died  away  in  the  present  day  of  ease  and  high 
steps  in  the  feeble  endeavor  to  follow  thee;  profession,  yet  are  wo  not  thereby  excused 
and  thou  knowest  also  that  I  have  no  hopelfrom  a  faithful  maintenance  of  it  according 
or  dependence  upon  any  other  thing  than  [to  our  measure,  and  if  in  true  humility  of 
thine  holy,  omnipotent  Arm.  Stretch  it  out  spirit  we  engage  in  it,  it  will  be  blessed  to  the 
for  my  help,  and  suffer  me  not  to  fall  by  the 'glory  of  God,  and  to   the  salvation  of  souls. 


hand  of  the  enemy,  who  by  various  devices 
is  seeking  to  overturn  me,  and  keep  me  from 
the  enjoyment  of  thy  holy  power  and  pre- 
sence. O  Lord,  cause  me  to  be  more  atten- 
tive to  thy  gracious  voice  in  the  secret  of  my 
heart,  that  so  by  keeping  close  to  it  I  majT 
experience  preservation,  and  not  be  afraid  in 
the  day  of  trouble.  *  *  *  In  the  day  of 
deep  trial  lift  up  a  standard  against  my  ene- 
mies, that  I  may  be  delivered.* 

To  J\J.  M.  S. 

"2nd  mo.  26th,  1S49. 

My  beloved  sister, — The  matterf-  thou  men- 
tioned to  me  in  my  late  visit,  seems  to  dwell 
much  upon  my  mind  in  near  sympathy  and 
unity  with  thee,  and  tender  desires  for  th}' 
help  and  preservation  ;  and  that  the  visit  may 
be  accomplished  in  such  a  way  as  to  afford 
peace  and  true  settlement  to  thy  own  mind, 
and  to  the  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  Truth. 
It  is  a  day  in  which  great  things  can  hardly 
be  looked  for;  but  if  we  may  be  made  instru- 
mental to  the  help  of  individuals  who  are 
struggling  along  under  deep  discouragement, 
and  who  are  secret^7  preparing  in  the  Divine 
hand  for  the  kingdom,  and  perhaps  for  the 
help  of  Zion,  it  will  be  enough  ;  and  we  shall 
find  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  apprehended 
duty,  that  though  Israel  be  not  gathered,  yet 
shall  the  Lord  be  our  strength. 

There  is  room  for  much  labor  in  the  present 
day ;  and  I  believe  it  is  of  great  consequence 

*  "If  ye  endure  chastening,  God  dealeth  with  you 
as  with  sons,"  &c.  The  experience  here  recorded  by 
W.  S.  is  much  like  that  of  all  the  Lord's  faithful,  tribu- 
lated  children,  chastening  being  but  proof  of  his  love. 
It  was  the  testimony  of  that  humble-minded  minister 
of  Christ,  Robert  Scotton,  who  died  at  his  home  in 
Frankford,  the  20th  of  Fifth  month,  1860,  that  "  he 
sometimes  felt  as  if  he  not  only  would  fall  by  the  hand 
of  Saul,  or  his  soul's  enemy,  but  as  though  it  had  really 
come  to  pass.  Nevertheless,"  as  the  friend  states  who 
furnishes  this  information,  "  he  was  preserved  to  the 
end  in  well-doing,  died  in  faith,  and  was  gathered  to 
his  fathers." 

t  Probably  alluding  to  a  visit  M.  M.  S.  made  to 
Haddontield  Quarterly  Meeting  and  the  meetings  com 
posing  it. 


How  anxiously  I  look  at  the  ministry 
of  the  present  day,  and  can  truly  say  I  desire 
t  may  stand  alone  in  that  which  is  immutable 
and  without  mixture.         *         *         * 
I  remain  thy  friend  and  brother, 

W.  S." 

To  a  young  friend. 

"  Philadelphia,  1st  mo.  21st,  1850. 

Dear :  My  mind  has  so  often  been 

turned  towards  thee  with  feelings  of  tender 
affection,  that  I  take  the  present  opportunity 
of  offering  thee  the  salutation  of  unfeigned 
love.  I  often  look  at  the  children  and  de- 
scendants of  those  who  have  loved  the  Lord 
in  their  day  and  generation,  and  who  in  their 
lifetime  have  endeavored  to  imbue  the  minds 
of  those  around  them,  both  by  precept  and 
example,  with  the  love  of  Truth,  with  strong 
desires  that  they  may  be  engaged  to  follow 
them  as  they  followed  Christ.  It  is  a  more 
serious  thing  for  such  as  have  had  such  ex- 
amples and  precepts  before  them  from  their 
childhood,  to  stand  aloof  from  the  convictions 
of  duty,  than  for  those  who  have  been  brought 
up  under  great  disadvantages,  and  whose  cir- 
cumstances have  precluded  them  from  asso- 
ciation with  those  whose  conduct  and  conver- 
sation have  a  tendency  to  draw  us  in  the  way 
of  rectitude. 

How  is  it  with  thee?  Hast  thou  not  often 
been  made  sensible  that  a  path  of  closer  walk- 
ing with  God  has  been  pointed  out  before 
thee,  and  hast  thou  not  often  seen  with  in- 
dubitable clearness  that  thy  example  and 
close  dedication  of  heart  would  have  its  effect 
in  seasoning  the  spirits  of  those  around  thee, 
and  leading  them  in  the  path  to  immortal 
life?  If  this  is  the  case,  how  important  that 
in  every  step  thou  takes,  thou  should  know 
the  guidance  of  the  Heavenly  Shepherd.  *  * 
I  have  nothing  to  charge  thee  with.  I  have  re- 
joiced that  thou  hast  been  preserved,  through 
the  watchful  care  of  thy  parents,  from  many 
of  the  snares  of  youth  ;  but  the  Lord  is  call- 
ing for  more  full  dedication,  even  that  kind 
of  offering  which   includes  the  whole  heart, 


98 


THE    FRIEND. 


wher 
up  tc 

nesse 


r  (acuities  and  powers  arc  given 
rvice;  and  a  qualification  is  wit- 
iniotc.  according  to  our  measures, 
his  work  in  the  earth.  Many  arc  there  who 
in  early  lite  have  yielded  themselves  to  this 
work,  who  have  found  a  blessed  reward  in  it  ; 
and  although  in  turning  effectually  to  the 
Lord,  many  trials  and  temptations  may  beset 
us,  yet  shall  we  be  made  to  experience,  that 
in  serving  Him  there  is  sweet  and  enduring- 
peace  to  be  attained,  and  that  quietness  and 
settlement  to  the  mind,  without  which  life  is 
not  to  be  enjoyed  according  to  the  design  for 
which  we  were  created.  I  feel  tender  desires 
that  thou  mayest  be  brought  more  and  more 
into  this  experience.  Let  these  secret  desires 
and  exercises  wherewith  thou  art  at  seasons 
favored,  be  cherished  and  kept  alive  by  fervent 
prayer;  and  thou  wilt  find  as  thou  art  thus 
engaged,  that  an  answer  will  be  given  thee 
in  a  complete  victory  over  every  thing  that 
is  contrary  to  the  Lord's  will,  true  religion 
is  an  inward  life — a  root  from  which  springs 
every  good  word  and  work.  Many  have  failed 
to  find  that  peace  and  comfort  which  a  different 
course  would  have  enabled  them  to  experi- 
ence. Seek  then  to  know  thy  heart  brought 
into  subjection.  Let  it  be  thy  secret  cry 
that  the  Lord  would  change  thee  ;  that  He 
would  clothe  thee  inwardly  by  his  Spirit, and 
strengthen  thee  to  those  sacrifices  which  He 
sees  are  needful  in  order  to  find  acceptance 
with  Him.  Thus  there  will  be  a  patient 
waiting  to  know  his  will,  and  an  ability 
afforded  to  stand  in  thy  proper  place  and 
station  in  thy  family,  in  the  church,  and  among 


Ancient  Minutes. 

(Continued  from  page  92.) 

"  1714,  6th  month. — An  Epistle  from  the 
Meeting  for  Sufferings  was  read  giving  ad- 
vice and  encouragement  to  school  masters  to 
continue  their  Imployment,  as  judging  that 
learning  Latin  and  Greek  is  usefull  to  men  in 
Trade  or  business,  altho  not  necessary  to  the 
making  Ministers  of  the  Gospel." 

"1715,  10th  month.  —  Our  friends  of  the 
Women's  Meeting  did  now  give  this  meeting 
to  understand,  that  their  meeting  having  had 
under  their  consideration  the  addition  of  ex- 
penses which  attend  this  meeting  since  the 
removal  of  our  Antient  friend   Thomas  EU- 


wood, 


that 


his  meet 
ing  is  out  of  stock  and  indebted,  and  fron 
their  sense  of  the  service  of  this  meeting 
have  sent  as  a  token  thereof  six  pounds  as  a 
free  will  offering,  which  this  meeting  kindly 
accepts,  and  returned  acknowledgement  of 
their  kindness  and  care  therein." 

"  1722,  9th  month.— The  Friends  of  Wic 
comb  laid  before  this  meeting  a  paper  from 
Thomas  Frier,  of  Wiccomb,  which  being  read 
the  meeting,  upon  consideration  of  it  and  the 
occasion,  did  agree  to  receive  the  same  for 
the  present,  hoping  that  his  conversation  for 
the  future  may  evidence  the  sincerity  of  the 
sorrow  therein  expressed  by  him  :  it  is  as  f'ol- 
loweth,  viz  : — ■ 

' '  To  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Hunger  Hill 
icreas  there  was  sometime  agoe  a  diferenee 
arose  between  me,  Thomas  Frier  and  Euth 
..s  my  wife,  and  through  provocation  given  by 
thy  youthful  associates.  Thou  wilt  find,  in  uer>  nnwatchfulness  in  myself,  I  gave  way  to 
order  to  have  this  brought  about,  many  strug- 1  passion  so  far  as  to  strike  her.  But  being 
gles  and  secret  conflicts  of  spirit,  many  doubts  jnow  sensible  my  act  therein  was  contrary  to 
and  fears;  but  as  thou  art  concerned  to  sot  tne  blessed  Truth  I  therein  professed,  I  am 
the  Lord  always  before  thee,  thou  wilt  find|SOrly  f°r  the  same,  and  desiring  that  I  may 
Him  to  be  thy  shield,  and  thy  exceeding  great  (as  much  as  I  can)  clear  the  Truth  from  all 


rard.  Love  retirement.  Be  afraid  of  the 
society  of  those  who  are  not  subject  to  the 
law  of  the  Lord;  and  thou  wilt  find  ip  thus 
yielding  thy  mind  to  the  cross  of  Christ,  ac- 
cess to  a  treasure  better  than  silver,  and  an 
inheritance  better  than  any  earthly  enjoy- 
ment. 

It  is  with  earnest  desires  that  thou  mayest 
be  preserved  in  the  right  way,  that  I  have 
thus  written.  I  feel  and  know  the  trials  which 
those  have  to  contend  with,  who  feel  bound 
to  acknowledge  their  Divine  Master,  aud  to 
separate  themselves  from  the  pursuits  and 
pleasures  of  this  transitory  world.  But  surely 
the  end  is  a  glorious  one  ;  and  such  as  forsake 
these  things,  find  a  sure  and  unfailing  service 
of  rejoicing,  beyond  any  thing  the  world  can 
bestow.  May  it  then  be  thy  concern  to  serve 
the  Lord  in  singleness  of  heart;  and  then  He 
who  has  at  seasons  touched  thy  youthful 
heart,  will  more  and  more  make  himself  known 
to  thee,  and  thou  wilt  come  to  understand 
more  fully  those  things  which  pertain  to  thy 
own  peace,  and  the  glory  of  the  Church  of 
Christ. 

Farewell !  May  the  Lord  bless  thee  and 
keep  thee!  May  the  Lord  lift  up  the  light 
of  his  countenance  upon  thee  and  give  thee 
peace,  says  thy  assured  friend, 

W.  SCATTERQOOD." 


"Believe  me,  upon  the  margin  of  celestial 
streams  alone,  those  simples  grow  which  cure 


the  heart-aeh 


eproach  that  may  be  brought  on  it  thereby, 
I  take  the  blame  upon  myself  and  also  desire 
that  none  may  impute  this  my  misbehaviour 
either  to  the  principle  of  Truth,  or  to  the 
people  amongst  whom,  I  have  walked  in  pro- 
fession. 

'"(Signed)  Thomas  Frier.'" 

"1699.  —  The  meeting  being  acquainted 
y'  Ann  and  Margaret  Taylor,  two  maiden 
Friends,  y'  kept  a  little  shop  of  linen  cloth, 
&c,  in  Berkhamstead  belonging  to  Tring 
Meeting,  had  their  shop  lately  broken  up  in 
ye  night,  and  their  shop  goods  taken  away  to 
the  value  of  ab'  £40,  being  more  than  they 
wore  worth.  This  meeting  thought  fit  to 
commend  their  condition  to  the  Women's 
Meeting,  which  was  done  by  Dan1  Roberts 
and  .huncs  Smith  ;  whereupon  Mary  Wharley 
and  Bridgett  Eussell  came  from  the  Women's 
Meeting  to  acquaint  this,  y'that  meeting  had 
agreed  to  send  ye  sd  two  Friends  £5  as  a  token 
of  love,  to  help  them  in  their  present  distress. 
To  which  this  meeting  added  £5  more,  order- 
ing Thomas  Ellwood  to  deliver  it  unto  Dan1 
Roberts,  for  him  to  convey  unto  the  sd  2  suf- 
fering friends." 

^  The  following  minute  has  reference  to  a 
Friend  who  for  some  years  attended  the  meet- 
ings of  the  Separatists,  and  who,  on  coining 
back  among  Friends,  had  kept  on  his  hat  in 
time  of  prayer.  For  many  months  he  had 
refused,  at  the  request  of  the  meeting,  to  issue 
a  paper  condemning  his  practice  in  this  re- 
spect ;  and  now  that  he  bad  done  so,  it  does 
not  appear  to  have  given  full  satisfaction  to 
his  friends. 


"  1701. — John  Costard  acquainted  themei 
ing  that  ho  had  again  spoken  with  Josej 
Bartlett,  and  let  him  know  that  this  meetii 
expects  he  should  in  express  words  conden 
that   practice  of  his   keeping  on   his  hat 
time  of  prayer,  in   writing  under  his  hanij 
and  that  Joseph  had  thereupon  written  su<r 
a  condemnation,  and  set  his  name  to  it, 
the  same  paper  which  he  had  sent  before 
the  10th  month  last,  which  paper  John  Cc 
tard  delivering  now  to  the  meeting,  was  ra 
as  followeth  : 

Friends :  There  having  been  an  ope 
■ation  in  these  parts,  with  which  I  did! 
some  measure  joyn,  through  a  respect  to  tl 
persons  concerned  in  it,  "so  as  that  I  hai 
formerly  both  privately  and  publickly  abette 
them,  and  that  sometimes  with  a  heat  ar 
practice  that  neither  became  me  nor  my  pa 
fession  ;  I  do  confess  and  acknowledge  ths 
therein  I  did  evil,  for  which  I  have  bee 
often  sorry  since.  And  of  late  years,  bein 
convinced  that  they  were  in  the  wrong,  whic 
was  manifest  to  me  by  their  fruit,  1  have  d. 
clined  their  meetings,  and  shunned  them  i 
the  offices  of  burials  and  marriages. 

"  '  Now  at  the  desire  of  the  meeting,  as  t 
the  business  of  having  long  time  kept  on  m. 
hat  when  Mary  Ellwood  prayed,  I  add  thi; 
that  1  had  acted  more  brotherly  to  have  firs 
spoken  to  her  in  a  spirit  of  love,  before  I  1 
sented  that  matter  so  high  ;  for  that  aftei 
wards,  when  I  had  some  discourse  with  hei 
I  found  myself  better  satisfied,  and  have  sine 
desisted  that  practice,  being  desirous  to  be  i 
unity  with  faithful  friends,  hoping  throug 
the  Lord's  assistance  so  to  continue  all  m 
days. 

I  do  give  forth  this  testimony,  dated  thi 
15th  day  of  9th  month,  1701. 

[Signed]  Jos  Bartlett.'" 

"  This  paper  being  read,  and  the  Meeting 
considering  in  how  wrong  and  opposite  i 
spirit  Joseph  Bartlett  hath  stood  and  ap 
peared,  not  only  while  he  openly  joyned  wit! 
the  Separatists,  but  since  he  left  their  meet 
ings,  and  even  since  he  applied  himself  t< 
this  meeting;  and  being  weightily  sensibli 
that  ho  is  not  in  that  spirit  and  subjection  <jj 
mind  to  Truth  in  which  Friends  can  have 
unity  with  him,  William  Grimsdale  was  de< 
sired  to  acquaint  him  that  his  paper  was  read 
in  the  meeting,  and  received  so  far  as  it  con 
tainod  an  acknowledgement  of  his  offence 
and  that  whereas  in  his  paper  he  expresses 
his  being  desirous  to  be  in  unity  with  faith 
full  Friends,  this  meeting  desires  he  may  come; 
into  it." 

"1650. —  William  Glidewell,  of  Newport 
Pagnell,  was  sued  in  the  Exchequer  for  Tithes 
by  Thomas  Terrill,  Impropriator,  and  by  th 
warrant  he  ought  to  have  been  brought  be 
fore  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer  within  two 
days  after  he  was  taken;  but  he  was  carried 
to  the  County  Gaol  at  Alisbury,  and  there 
kept  Prisoner  one  year  and  one  month,  and 
then  brought  before  the  Barons,  who  sent 
him  to  the  Fleet  prison,  where  he  was  kept 
Prisoner  for  two  years  wanting  but  threo 
weeks,  so  that  his  imprisonment  in  all  was 
above  three  years.  And  every  year  durino- 
his  Imprisonment  the  said  Thomas  Terriil 
took  away  part  of  his  goods,  and  told  Will 
"am's  wife  that  he  would  have  them  all." 

"  165S.— John  Brown,  of  Weston  Turvill, 
was  summoned  by  William  Hill,  lord  of  the 
manor,  to  appear  at  his  Court,  and  servo  upon 
the  jury.     And  accordingly  John  appeared, 


THE    FRIEND. 


99 


|ut  because,  for  conscience'  sake,  he  could 
}ot  swear,  he  was  fined  twenty  shillings, 
1,'hich  he  refusing  to  pay,  was  a  little  while 
it'ter  arrested  at  the  suit  of  the  said  William 
fill,  and  cast  into  the  gaol  at  Alisbury,  where 
e  was  kept  a  prisoner  about  twelve  weeks." 

"  1659. — About  this  time,  also,  and  some 
me  before,  divers  Friends  were  prosecuted 
>r  riding  to  meetings  on  the  first  day  of  the 
,-eek,  called  Sunday.  In  particular,  as  Friends 
ere  riding  to  a  meeting  at  Wandon,  they 
ad  their  horses  taken  from  them,  and  they 
/ere  fain  to  go  home  on  foot.  And  as  Friends 
,'ere  riding  to  a  meeting  at  Tossiter  (Tow- 
ester?),  one  called  Justice  Benson  caused 
heir  horses  to  be  taken  away  for  riding  upon 
/hat  they  called  their  Sabbath  day.  More- 
ver  he  caused  one  of  the  Friends  (being  one 
i  the  ministry)  to  be  set  in  the  stocks,  and 
ept  the  Friends'  horses  because  tbey  refused 
o  pay  ten  shillings  apiece." 

1660.  —  These  eleven  Friends  (names 
;iven)  were  taken  by  soldiers  out  of  their 
cable  meeting,  in  which  they  were  assem- 
to  worship  God,  and  were  carried  before 
Lntbon}T  Chester,  William  Tirringhani,  Brett 
Norton,  who  tendered  them  the  Oath  of  Allo- 
wance, and  because,  for  conscience'  sake  they 
vould  not  swear,  they  were  all  committed  to 
lie  county  gaol  at  Alisbury,  where  they  re- 
aained  prisoners  fifteen  weeks." 

From  six  other  entries  of  a  similar  charac 
Br  in  the  same  year,  one  more  case  may  be 
ited. 

"  1660. — These  five  Friends,  Isaac  Penning 
on  being  one  of  them,  were  taken  by  con 
tables  out  of  their  peaceable  meeting,  at 
saac  Pennington's  house  at  Peters  Chalfont, 
vhere  they  were  assembled  to  wo 


rington  (being  kept  out  of  their  meeting- 
house) on  the  6th  day  of  4th  month,  1670, 
was  fined  £10  by  Bret  Norton  and  Thomas 
Farrar,  of  Cold  Bratield,  for  which  fine,  on 
the  fourteenth  day  of  the  same  month,  the 
said  Richard  Hunt,  being  a  wheelwright,  had 
a  new  cart  and  as  much  timber  taken  from 
bim  by  the  parish  officers  as  was  worth  £12 
14s." 


nd  being  carried  before  William  Bowycr,  of 
)enham,  were  by  him  (for  meeting  contrary 
o  the  King's  Proclamation  then  newly  pub- 
ished  upon  the  fifth  monarchy  men's  rising) 
ommitted  to  Alisbury  Gaol,  where  Isaac  Pen- 
lington  lay  seventeen  weeks,  much  of  it  in 
vinter,  being  kept  in  a  cold  and  very  incom- 
modious room,  next  the  street  door,  without 
►  chimney,  and  very  noisome,  by  joining  to 
he  common  room  where  the  felons  lay,  from 
phich  hard  usage  his  tender  body  contracted 
o  great  and  violent  a  distemper  that  for 
teveral  weeks  he  was  not  able  to  turn  him- 
elf  in  his  bed.  The  other  four  were  released 
ooner." 

"  1661. — Henry  Cunningham,  of  Newport 
Pagnell,  butcher,  was  committed  to  prison  for 
fefusing  to  give  bonds  not  to  kill  meat  in 
jent." 

"  1662. — Mary  Chapman,  of  Sherington,  had 
«er  Bible  taken  from  her  for  refusing  to  pay 
o  the  repair  of  the  Steeple-house." 

"  1663. — Eichard  Bernie,  the  younger,  of 
'vinghoe,  son  and  servant  to  Eichard  Bernie 
he  elder,  was  cast  into  prison  together  with 
lis  father,  by  the  same  priest,  for  tithes,  when 
is  the  young  man  had  nothing  to  pav  tithes 
)f,  not  being  possessed  of  anything  t 
md  when  this  was  laid  before  the  pi 
t  was  made  to  appear  that  he  had  nothing  to 
)ay  tithes  of,  his  answer  was,  that,  however, 
le  could  put  him  in  prison  for  not  paying 
.wopenee  for  an  Easter  offering.  And  yet 
,he  young  man  had  none  of  the  Bread  and 
►Vine  neither,  which  they  used  to  have  that 
;ive  their  twopence." 

"  1670.— Eichard  Hunt,  of  Sherington,  for 
reaching  Truth  in  a  Meeting  of  Friends  in 
.he  open"  street  called  Water  Lane,  at  Shc- 


Man's  Power  over  himself  to  Prevent  or  Con- 
trol Insanity. 

In  a  recent  number  of  one  of  the  daily 
papers,  were  notices  of  seven  persons  who  had 
committed  suicide — probably  all  within  the 
previous  24  hours.  Similar  cases  are  fre- 
quently reported,  though  not  often  so  many 
in  one  day. 

That  these  sad  occurrences  arc  sometimes 
the  result  of  insanity,  probably  all  will  admit 
— but  there  is  need  to  direct  the  public  atten- 
tion more  strongly  to  the  fact  that  these 
morbid  impulses  (at  least  in  their  earlier 
stages)  are  far  more  under  the  control  of  the 
person  so  tempted,  than  many  suppose. 

The  following  remarks,  taken  from  an  arti- 
cle which  appeared  in  the  Christian  Advocate, 
are  interesting  and  instructive. 

"  In  the  various  lunatic  asylums  which  I 
have  visited,  and  in  that  in  which  for  some 
time  I  officiated  as  chaplain,  many  persons 
have  come  under  my  observation  who  needed 
not  to  be  there  if  they  had  practised  that  self- 
control  which  is  within  the  reach  of  every 
man.  'Anger  is  a  short  madness;'  envy, 
jealous}',  incipient  delirium,  all  may  become 
p  God, (lunacy ;  but  by  resisting  them,  directing  the 


attention  to  other  thoughts,  the  morbid  im- 
pulse will  pass  away,  the  diseased  character 
of  the  delusion  may  be  recognized,  the  normal 
motives  may  resume  their  sway.  Bishop 
Butler,  the  author  of  the  Analogy,  confessed, 
toward  the  close  of  his  life,  that  '  be  had  all 
his  life-time  been  the  prey  of  horrible  morbid 
suggestions,  which,  if  he  had  not  resisted 
them,  would  have  driven  him  into  insanity.' 
If  all  who  could  say  as  much  were  to  bo  equal- 
ly frank  the  result  would  terrify  the  commu- 
nity. I  know  a  man  of  highest  rank  who 
fought  the  suicidal  impulse  for  years  ;  another 
who  confessed  to  me  that  if  he  had  not  turned 
away  he  should  have  leaped  into  his  child's 
grave  on  the  day  of  the  funeral ;  but,  said  he, 
'I  knew  that  it  was  morbid,  and  that  1  must 
not  do  it.' 

To  show  how  far  self-control  may  go  where 
there  is  obviously  some  derangement,  Pinel 
says  that  Henri  of  Bourbon,  son  of  the  great 
Conde,  at  times  imagined  himself  transformed 
into  a  dog,  and  would  then  bark  violently. 
Once  this  notion  seized  him  while  in  the 
king's  presence  ;  he  then  felt  it  needful  to  con- 
trol himself,  and  he  did  so;  for,  though  he 
turned  to  the  window  and  made  grimaces  as 
if  harking,  he  made  no  noise.  On  this  a  phy 
sician  remarks:  'Had  the  king's  eye  been 
upon  him  it  is  probable  he  would  have  avoi< 
ed  the  grimaces  also.'  He  gives  another  case, 
of  an  artist  often  seized  with  a  homicidal  im 
pulse,  who  urged  his  wife  to  get  out  of  th< 
way,  but  tired  of  struggling  with  the  impulse 
he  often  tried  to  commit  suicide,  on  which 
Pinel  was  of  the  opinion  that  if  he  had  been 
as  deeply  impressed  with  the  guilt  of  suicide 
as  of  the  guilt  of  murdering  bis  beloved  wife 
he  would  have  resisted  that  also." 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

RESULTS    OF    LITTLE    THINGS. 

That  important  consequences  often  flow 
from  causes,  which  in  themselves  are  appa- 
rently very  trivial,  is  a  curious,  yet  well-set- 
tled fact.  A  word  thoughtlessly  spoken  may 
awaken  trains  of  thought,  the  results  of  which 
may  reach  through  time  into  eternity.  An 
action,  which  seems  to  us  of  no  moment,  may 
bring  in  its  train  others  which  involve  in- 
terests of  great  magnitude.  A  single  spark 
of  tire  may  cause  the  explosion  of  a  whole 
magazine  of  powder,  or  may  kindle  a  confla- 
gration that  may  sweep  over  a  large  part  of  a 
city.  The  Proverbs  of  the  wise  king  Solomon 
hire  the  same  truth,  when  they  say,  "The 
inning  of  strife  is  as  when  one  letteth  out 
.er."  "The  force  of  this  comparison  will  be 
appreciated  by  those,  who  have  observed  the 

pidity  with  which  in  some  soils  a  bod}'  of 
water  will  enlarge  a  small  opening  which  has 
been  made,  and  wash  out  a  channel  which  it 

difficult  to  close. 

A  curious  illustration  of  this  principle  is 
presented  by  the  ''grasshopper  quarrel,"  be- 
tween the  Shawnee  and  Delaware  Indians, 
which  occurred  about  the  middle  of  last  cen- 
tury. Years  before  some  of  the  Southern 
Shawnees,  who  had  been  expelled  from  Geor- 
gia, applied  to  the  Delawares,  who  gave  them 
territory  in  the  Valley  of  Wyoming.  The 
women  of  the  two  tribes  were  gathering  ber- 
ries by  the  side  of  the  Susquehanna,  when 
some  of  the  Shawnee  children  fell  into  a 
angle  with  the  Delaware  children  over  the 
possession  of  a  grasshopper.  Tho  mothers 
took  sides  with  their  children  ;  the  Delaware 
women  maintaining  that,  though  a  Shawnee 
child  had  caught  the  grasshopper,  it  was 
caught  on  the  side  of  the  river  belonging  to 
the  Delawares,  hence  the  Delaware  children 
were  entitled  to  it.  From  arguments  they 
came  to  blows;  upon  which  the  Shawnee 
women  were  speedily  driven  to  their  canoes 
by  the  superior  numbers  of  their  assailants. 
On  their  return,  the  Shawnee  hunters,  influ- 
enced by  the  angry  complaints  of  the  squaws, 
prepared  to  avenge  tho  insult,  but  found  the 
Delawares  ready  to  meet  them.  The  battle 
began  while  the  Shawnees  were  crossing  the 
river,  and  lasted  afterwards  until  many  of  the 
Delawares,  and  full  half  of  the  Shawnees  were 
killed.  Soon  after  this  the  la*ter  abandoned 
the  Wyoming  valley  and  moved  out  to  Ohio 
where  some  tribes  of  their  nation  had  pre- 
viously settled. 

The  Christian,  who  recognizes  in  what  is 
going  on  in  the  world  the  controlling  hand  of 
his  Father  in  Heaven,  will  ascribe  to  his  bless- 
ing, the  good  results  which  sometimes  follow 
from  a  word  fitly  spoken,  or  an  act  performed 
in  the  Divine  fear;  which  may  be  followed  by- 
effects  much  greater  than  one  would  natur- 
ally expect, 

It  is  related  of  the  late  Mary  Wright  of 
Leeds,  England,  who  was  not  originally  a 
member,  but  became  a  valuable  minister  in 
our  Society,  that  when  young  she  was  very 
gay  and  full  of  spirits.  One  day  she  had  been 
visiting  at  the  house  of  a  friend  in  London, 
and,  to  use  her  own  expression,  as  "she  came 
flying  out  of  the  house,"  she  saw  two  very 
sober-looking  Friends,  one  of  whom  had  on  a 
beaver  bonnet  and  a  green  apron.  Tbey  met 
her  at  the  door  ami  stood  still  a  moment, 
when  Sarah  Stephenson,  the  friend  with  the 
green  apron,  laid  her  hand  on  Mary  Wright's 


100 


THE    FRIEND. 


arm,  and  said  to  her,  "Bo  thou  faithful  unto 
death,  and  I  will  give  thee  a  crown  of  life." 
,She  thought  it  strange  such  language  should 
be  addressed  to  her,  but  it  impressed  her 
mind,  and  weeks  after  seemed  more  vividly 
before  her  than  at  the  time  it  was  uttered. 
From  that  period  one  thing  after  another 
opened  before  her,  until  she  became  a  member 
among  Friends,  and  finally  a  minister.  That 
remark  of  Sarah  Stephenson  seemed  as  a  turn- 
ing point  in  her  life. 

She  lived  to  be  very  aged,  and  the  day  she 
was  an  hundred  years  old  she  stood  up  in 
meeting,  it  being  week  day,  and  said,  "This 
day  I  am  100  3-ears  old,"  she  then  told  them 
she  could  testify  that  in  all  that  time  she  had 
never  seen  "the  righteous  forsaken  or  his 
seed  begging  bread."  I  think  she  also  gave 
them  some  words  of  encouragement,  particu- 
larly the  young;  and  a  young  man  who  re- 
lated the  incident  said,  he  would  not  have 
missed  being  there  for  a  great  deal.  She  told 
her  grand-children  that  if  she  lived  to  be  over 
one  hundred,  she  intended  to  knit  a  purse  for 
the  queen,  which  she  did.  As  there  is  a  law 
prohibiting  the  queen  receiving  any  presents 
from  her  subjects,  she  gave  it  to  a  French 
Friend  who  was  acquainted  with  the  gov- 
erness in  the  royal  family,  and  in  that  way  it 
reached  its  destination.  She  wrote  a  note  to 
accompany  the  purse  requesting  the  qeeen  to 
accept  it  from  her  aged  subject  who  was  over 
100  years;  she  also  said  she  wished  that  wis- 
dom might  be  afforded  her  rightly  to  govern 
her  realm,  and  desired  her  to  bring  up  her 
children  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord. 

The  queen  received  the  present,  and  desired 
it  to  be  placed  where  she  could  easily  get  at 
it  to  show  to  visitors.  Mary  Wright  received 
a  letter  from  the  palace  stating  that  the  queen, 
the  prince  and  the  princesses  were  gratified 
by  the  present  from  her  aged  subject,  and 
that  she  hoped  she  would  remember  the 
counsel  given  her. 

Whitefield  was  once  lodged  and  entertained 
at  the  house  of  a  military  man — a  general  of 
distinction.  The  host  and  his  family,  though 
not  Christians,  loaded  the  preacher  with  kind- 
ness, and  showed  themselves  in  every  respect 
so  tenderly  obliging,  that  when  he  wished  to 
say  something  to  them  about  their  spiritual 
welfare  he  found  it  impossible  to  speak.  Still 
to  leave  the  house  without  speaking  would, 
in  his  view,  be  a  breach  of  duty  to  his  Lord, 
and  he  was  perplexed  to  know  what  he 
should  do. 

Whitefield  happened  to  have  a  diamond 
ring  in  his  possession  at  the  time,  with  which 
he  wrote  upon  the  window  pane,  "But  one 
thing  thou  lackest." 

The  writing  was  read  by  the  general  and 
by  his  family,  and,  being  taken  as  kindly  as 
it  was  meant,  it  proved,  through  the  Divine 
blessing,  a  means  of  awakening  them  from 
their  careless  condition. 

A  poor  woman  in  one  of  the  Southorn 
States,  who  had  gone  to  religious  meetings 
for  a  time  and  afterwards  ceased  her  attend- 
ance, was  effectually  aroused,  while  at  her 
wash-tub  by  the  admonition  of  a  friend,  "No 
man  having  put  his  hand  to  the  plough  and 
looking  back,  is  fit  for  the  kingdom  of  God." 

Do  not  these  incidents  teach  us  the  import- 
ance of  living  so  near  in  spirit  to  the  Foun- 
tain of  light  and  life,  that  we  may  be  prepared 
to  hear  the  gentle  commands  of  the  Saviour, 
and  thus  be  made  instruments  in  promoting 
his  cause  in  the  earth  ? 


Yet  aga 
And   I 


For  "The  Friend." 

THE  CRICKET'S  SONG. 
re  hear  the  cricket,  chirping  blithely  in  the 


ove   the   sound  to  listen,  when  the  evening 

shadows  fall  ; 
When  the  flicker  of  the  firelight  dances  round  the  quiet 

room, 
Drawing  weird  and  sombre  pictures,  in  the  deep'ning 

autumn  gloom: 
Cheerily  the  voice  comes  breaking  on  the  pensive  realm 

of  thought ; 
With  a  host  of  coming  pleasures,  is  its  joyous  music 

fraught. 
Years  agone,  when  life's  young  current  like  a  mountain 

streamlet  ran, 
Sparkling  in  the  early  sunlight,  flashing  in  the  grayer 

dawn, 
Nought  in  nature  made  the  spirit  spread  a  lighter, 

freer  wing, 
Than  the  fresh  reviving  advent  of  each  glad  returning 

spring  : — 

Now,  the  stream  has  reached  the  river,  and  flows  on- 
ward to  the  sea; 
From   its  broader  depths  reflecting  light  and   shade 

lternately ; 
And  the  mild,  still  hours  of  autumn  wear  a  charm  that's 

greater  far, 
As  the  clear  light  of  Arcturus  dims  the  lesser,  Pleiad 

star. 
Golden  rod  and  blooming  aster,  chilly  night  and  frosty 

morn, 
In  the  cricket's  merry  singing,  to  my  mind,  this  eve, 

are  borne. 
And  there  wakes  no  note  of  sadness,  tho'  the  crimsoned 

leaf  must  fall, 
And  the  wail  of  desolation  sound  thro'  nature's  palace 

hall. 
Other  joys  will  spring  in  being — social  flowers  will  bud 

bloom — 
Threads  of  home  are  closer  woven  in  the  winter  fire- 

de  loom  ; 
That  the  whole  completed  fabric,  may  of  richer  strands 

by  wrought, 
With  a  woof  of  pure  affection,  glittering  with  the  gems 

of  thought ; 
And  we  fain  would  see  it  growing  to  a  pure  and  spot- 
less white, 
At  the  touches  of  the  Saviour's  all  transforming  wand 

of  light. 
Oh !  it  seems  a  fitting  moment,  when  the  blossoms  pass 

away, 
Not  to  mourn  their  faded  beauty,  but  to  closely  scan 

to-day ; 
Mark,  how  buried  joy  and  gladness,  oft  in  other  forms 

Note,  the   star-lit  vault  of  summer   ne'er   can   equal 

winter  skies ; 
String  anew  the  pearls  of  virtue  ;  gather  ripened  seeds 

of  truth, 
To  be  sown  "  beside  all  waters,"  in  the  tender  soil  of 

youth  ; 
Craving  help  and  strength  to  keep  ns  in  our  places  day 

by  day, 
Every  gift  upon  the  altar  in  humility  to  lay  : 
Feeling  all  our  human  weakness,  and  our  more  than 

human  need, 
That,  alone  and  all  unaided,  vain  our  every  thought 

and  deed. 
And  the  power  that  overcometh,  will  be  given  to  us  all, 
And  a  trust  and  love  that's  deeper,  like  the  dews  of 

blessing,  fall ; 
Even  as  these  days  of  brightness,  when  the  toils  of  na- 
ture cease, 
Seem  the  season's  benediction,  and  its  hour  of  perfect 

peace. 


The  Fashion  of  this  World.— S.  M.  B.  in  the 
Christian  calls  the  attention  "  of  my  Christian 
sisters  to  what  has  appeared  to  me  an  in- 
creasing conformity  to  tho  fashions  of  this 
world  in  the  modes  of  dress. 

"The  Apostle  Peter  (1  Peter  iii.  3)  says: 
'  Whose  adorning  let  it  not  bo  that  outward 
adorning  of  plaiting  tho  hair,  and  of  wearing 
of  gold,  or  of  putting  on  of  apparel.'  This 
leads  me  to  say,  as  an  aged  Christian,  that 
for  some  time  my  heart  has  been  grieved  to 
observe  this  instruction  of  tho  apostle  con- 
spicuously   unattended    to   by   some   of   my 


isters,  whoso  dress  is  so  conformed  to  th 
fashions  of  the  times,  that  they  might  ran 
as  its  leaders.  I  also  have  observed  on  th 
fingers  of  Christian  women  such  a  number  c 
jewelled  rings  as  has  made  me  sad,  not  onl; 
because  of  its  showing  much  worldliness,  bu 
also  because  of  the  waste,  the  useless  ej 
penditure,  while  the  painful  undeniable  fac 
exists  that  multitudes  of  our  deserving  poo 
are  in  want  of  food  and  clothing,  and  ou 
many  philanthropic  and  Christian  institution 
deserve  and  need  increased  support.  I  pra 
that  our  heavenly  Father  will  so  cnlighte 
their  understanding  that  henceforth  they  ma 
walk  in  newness  of  life." 

Sheep  in  Palestine. 

The  low  building  on  the  hill-side  which  w 
have  just  passed,  its  enclosure  protected  b 
a  wall  and  thorny  hedge,  is  a  sheepfold,  c 
marah. 

In  ordinary  weather  the  sheep  and  goat 
are  gathered  at  night  into  the  enclosed  yard 
but  when  the  nights  are  cold  and  stormy  th 
flocks  are  shut  up  in  the  marah.  The  sbar 
thorn-bushes  on  the  top  of  the  wall  that  su 
rounds  the  yard  are  a  defence  which  tt 
prowling  wolf  will  rarely  attempt  to  seal 
The  leopard  and  panther  of  this  country,  wW 
pressed  with  hunger,  will  sometimes  overlea 
this  thorny  hedge.  The  shepherds  neve 
leave  their  helpless  charge  alone,  but  accon 
pany  them  by  day,  and  abide  with  them  •< 
night. 

I  notice  that  some  of  the  flock  on  the  hil 
side  above  us  keep  near  the  shepherd,  an 
follow  whithersoever  he  goes,  while  othei 
stray  about  on  either  side,  or  loiter  far  b 
hind  ;  and  he  often  turns  and  calls  to  thei 
or  throws  a  stone  at  them. 

I  never  ride  over  these  hills,  and  see  sue 
flocks,  without  being  reminded  of  those  beaut 
ful  allusions  to  pastoral  life  that  abound  i 
the  Bible.  Our  Saviour  says  that  the  Goo 
Shepherd,  "  when  He  putteth  forth  his  ow 
sheep,  He  goeth  before  them,  and  the  shee 
follow  Him  :  for  they  know  his  voice."  Th 
is  true  to  the  letter.  In  the  morning  k 
leads  them  forth  from  the  fold,  and  it  is  h 
business  to  find  pasture  for  them.  It  is  nece 
sary,  therefore,  that  they  should  be  taught  1 
follow,  and  not  to  stray  away  into  the  u 
fenced  fields  of  wheat  which  lie  so  tempting 
on  either  side.  The  shepherd  calls  from  tin: 
to  time  to  remind  them  of  his  presence.  The 
know  bis  voice  and  follow  on  ;  but,  if  a  strange 
call,  they  stop,  lift  up  their  heads  in  alarr 
and,  if  the  call  is  repeated,  they  turn  ar 
"  flee  from  him  ;  for  they  know  not  tho  voir 
of  strangers."  This  isriot  the  fanciful  costun 
of  a  partible  ;  it  is  simple  fact.  I  have  mac 
the  experiment  often. 

The  shepherd  is  armed  in  order  to  defer 
his  chargo,  and  in  that  he  is  very  eourageou 
Many  adventures  with  wild  beasts  occur  m 
unlike  that  recounted  by  David  ;  and  thoti£ 
there  are  no  lions  here,  wolves,  leopards  at 
panthers  still  prowl  about.  They  not  unfr 
qucntly  attack  the  flock  in  tho  very  prcsem 
of  tho  shepherd.  I  have  listened  with  i 
terest  to  their  descriptions  of  desperate  figh 
with  those  savage  beasts. 

No  animals  are  more  helpless  than  sbet 
that  have  strayed  from  the  flock  ;  they  b 
come  utterly  bewildered.  This  peculiars 
seems  to  bo  implied  in  the  confession  ai 
prayer  of  the  Psalmist,  "  I  have  gone  astri 


THE    FRIEND. 


101 


ike  a  lost  sheep  :  seek  thy  servant."  (Psa. 
six.  170. )  And  so  the  shepherd  in  the  para- 
de leaves  "the  ninety  and  nine,  and  goeth 
'ato  the  mountains,  and  seeketh  that  which 
:i  gone  astray,"  for  he  well  knows  that  the 
loor  wanderer  will  never  find  the  way  back 
ly  any  skill  of  his  own. —  Wm.  31.  Thomson's 
He  Land  and  The  Book. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Dreams. 

j  [A  correspondent  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  sends 
Iho  two  following  instances,  in  which  com- 
brt  or  instruction  was  communicated  by 
aeans  of  dreams.  He  vouches  for  the  truth- 
ulness  of  the  statements,  and  says  the  names 
re  known,  though  they  are  not  communi- 
ated.— Ed.] 

At  a  meeting  for  discipline,  a  Friend  be- 
ieved  it  his  duty  to  give  his  views  upon  a 
natter  under  discussion.  This  he  did,  but 
vith  too  much  apparent  warmth,  thereby 
anning  a  flame,  unintentionally,  which  had 
leen  already  kindled.  This  became  a  burden 
o  him,  but  through  a  dream  his  depression 
vas  removed.  A  well-known  Friend  in  that 
>art  came  before  his  mental  vision,  and,  after 
aluting  him,  told  him  to  be  patient,  for  his 
ime  for  usefulness  would  surely  return. 

The  other  case,  was  that  of  a  Friend  eon- 
lucting  his  business  on  borrowed  capital. 
["his  was  unexpectedly  called  in,  causing  him 
ouch  anxiety.  However,  his  wife  was  shown 
hat  funds  were  ready  for  them  elsewhere ; 
md  she  advised  her  husband  to  consult  an 
ndividual  whom  she  named.  He  at  once 
icted  upon  the  suggestion  ;  and,  to  his  sur- 
>rise,  met  the  person  on  the  way,  who  asked 
lim  of  his  welfare,  and  stated  that  both  he 
ind  his  wife  had  had  him  and  his  much  before 
hem  of  late:  that  they  had  a  sum  of  money 
vaiting  investment,  which  they  had  decided 
o  offer  him.  B. 

25th  of  10th  month,  18S3. 

Italian  Funeral. — "  We  were  sitting  quietly 
■esting  in  a  quaint  old  church  in  Pavia  when 
ve  witnessed  a  scene  which  was  illustrative 
if  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  people.  A 
loisy  band  of  music  was  heard  approaching 
ind  suddenly  the  main  doors  of  the  church 
vere  thrown  open,  and  a  confused  procession 
if  priests  and  acolytes  entered  with  huge 
allow  candles  in  their  hands.  They  drew  up 
n  the  nave  of  the  church  and  a  man  slipped 
brward  with  the  coffin  of  a  child  of  some 
,hree  or  four  years  of  age  under  his  arm,  and, 
laving  placed  it  upon  a  trestle,  a  mortcloth 
vas  thrown  over  it,  the  candles  were  then 
it,  and  one  of  the  priests  proceeded  to  read 
,he  burial  service  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Dhurch,  swishing  the  coffin  at  intervals  with 
loly  water.  The  hurried  and  irreverent  man- 
ler  in  which  the  ceremony  was  performed 
grated  most  harshly  on  our  feelings,  and  we 
loticed  that  none  of  the  relations  of  the  de- 
based child  appeared  to  be  present.  The 
spectators,  in  addition  to  those  officiating, 
ippeared  to  have  been  attracted  solely  out  of 
iuriosity  and  by  the  music.  Scarcely  had 
,he  last  word  left  the  lips  of  the  officiating 
jriest,  and  the  last  drop  of  sacred  water  fallen 
rpon  the  coffin,  than  the  undertaker  had 
;ucked  it  under  his  arm  again,  the  priests' 
:andles  had  been  extinguished,  the  band  re- 
mmed  its  pompous  music,  and  the  noisy  pro- 
:ession    was   resumed    to   convoy  this  little 


piece  of  unconscious  mortal  clay  to  its  last 
resting-place." — British  Friend. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

[The  following  letter  refers  to  some  an- 
ecdotes and  observations  on  the  subject  of 
dreams,  in  No.  11  of  the  present  volume  of 
"  The  Friend."  Of  the  dream  related  in  it,  it 
may  be  said  with  much  probability,  that  the 
knowledge  of  the  fact  that  the  air  in  old  wells 
is  often  unfit  to  breathe,  may  have  led  the 
dreamer  to  think  of  the  possibility  of  danger, 
and  thus  have  given  rise  to  the  dream  itself. 
Yet,  even  in  such  cases,  we  believe  it  is  right 
to  recognize  the  overruling  care  of  our  Heav- 
enly Father,  without  whose  notice  not  a  spar- 
row falls  to  the  ground. — Ed.] 

West  Chester,  10th  mo.  21,  1883. 

Dear  Friend, — Reading  to-day,  aloud,  in 
my  little  family  the  article  in  "  Incidents  and 
Reflections,"  E.  H.  related  the  following,  as 
near  as  I  can  pen  it: — Her  sister  was  in  In- 
diana, and  was  at  a  house  where  a  well — an 
old  well — was  to  be  cleaned  out,  and  a  Friend 
was  to  perform  the  work. 

On  the  night  previous,  one  of  the  residents 
of  the  place  dreamed  that  in  going  down  into 
the  well  the  person  so  employed  lost  his  life. 
This  intimation  of  danger,  perhaps,  induced 
them  to  let  down  a  lighted  candle  previous 
to  attempting  the  descent.  This  was  done, 
when  the  candle,  after  descending  some  dis- 
tance went  out,  showing  the  presence  of  im- 
pure air,  which  on  entering  the  human  lungs 
would  probablv  have  led  to  the  loss  of  life. 
Thy  friend,  W.  P.  T. 


"  Reasoning  Powers  in  the  Cat."  An  anec- 
dote in  a  late  number  of  "  The  Friend,"  brings 
to  mind  the  characteristics  of  our  cat, — one  of 
the  Maltese  race.  He  is  a  general  favorite 
in  the  neighborhood,  and  one  for  which  we 
feel  as  much  attachment,  perhaps,  as  is  due 
towards  one  of  the  feline  family.  Early  in 
life  he  learned  to  play  with  a  ball,  knocking 
a  small  gourd  around  the  room  with  dex- 
terity, and  has  been  seen  to  stop  suddenly 
during  the  game,  and  rear  up  playfully  before 
those  who  smiled  approbation  at  his  pranks. 
He,  too,  follows  us  to  the  field,  skipping  about, 
and  occasionally  looking  up  intelligently. 
Yet,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  with  all  his  pleasing 
qualities,  he  catches  birds.  Last  spring  he 
came  bounding  into  the  house  with  a  live 
robin  in  his  mouth.  It  was  taken  from  him, 
and,  to  his  marked  disappointment  and  dis- 
satisfaction, restored  to  its  liberty.  A  second 
and  a  third  was  brought  in,  but  with  a  little 
less  freedom  each  time,  and  released  as  the 
first;  since  which  we  often  find  the  remains 
of  birds  in  the  yard — showing  he  still  con- 
tinues his  pernicious  ways,  but  does  not  ex- 
pose them  to  our  view. 

Marshalton,  10th  mo.  1883. 


African  Ideas. 

The  perseverance,  which  is  inculcated  by 
our  Saviour,  in  the  parable  of  the  unjust 
judge,  is  curiously  illustrated  by  an  incident 
related  by  Captain  Ellis,  as  having  occurred 
on  the  Old  Calabar  River  in  West  Africa  ; 
altbough  in  this  case  the  persistent  seekers 
did  not  finally  obtain  what  they  sought. 

A  doctor  on  this  river  was  once  called  to  a 
case  in  which  a  boy  had  had  his  leg  crushed 
and  fearfully  lacerated  by  an  alligator,  and, 
to  save  the  boy's  life,  amputated  the  leg  above 
the  knee.  It  was  a  very  complicated  case, 
as  there  were  other  injuries  besides;  but 
after  much  trouble  and  hard  work  his  efforts 
were  crowned  with  success,  and  the  patient 
was  declared  out  of  danger.  Not  manj7  days 
after  he  had  ceased  visiting  the  wounded  boy, 
he  descried,  while  sitting  on  the  deck  of  the 
hulk  in  which  he  resided,  a  canoe  being 
paddled  towards  him  ;  which,  as  it  drew 
nearer,  he  could  see  contained  the  parents, 
brothers  and  sisters  of  his  late  patient,  and  the 
patient  himself.  When  the  familj-  had  climbed 
up  the  ladder  on  to  the  deck,  they  solemnly 
and  sadly,  and  in  dead  silence,  supporting  the 
crippled  boy  in  their  midst,  approached  the 
doctor  ;  and  then  depositing  their  burthen  at 
his  feet,  retired  hurriedly  to  the  ladder  as  if 
to  go  away  again.  The  astonished  benefactor, 
wondering  what  this  could  mean,  called  them 
back  and  asked  for  an  explanation  of  their 
behavior.  They  said,  he  had  cut  off  the  leg 
of  their  poor  son  and  brother;  he  had  crippled 
him  for  life,  so  that  now  he  could  not  work 
or  be  of  any  use  to  them,  and  that  conse- 
quently he  must  support  him. 

The  doctor  pointed  out  to  them  that  ho 
had  only  taken  off  the  leg  to  save  the  boy's 
life,  and  that  if  he  had  not  done  so,  the  child 
would  have  died,  and  have  been  lost  to  them 
altogether.  Upon  this  the  family  declared, 
iif  he  had  died  they  would  only  have  incurred 
I  the  expense  of  the  funeral;  whereas  now 
jthey  would  have  to  keep  him  all  his  life,  if 
j  his  mutilator  did  not  do  his  duty  and  support 
him.  At  last,  finding  them  not  amenable  to 
reason,  the  doctor  had  the  whole  of  them 
turned  out  of  the  ship. 

A  few  days  later,  when  he  went  ashore, 
jthey  met  him  in  the  street,  laid  the  cripple  at 
his  feet,  and  again  filled  the  air  with  cries  of 
woe  and  abuse  of  the  doctor.  He  tried  to 
escape  them,  but  when  he  moved  on  they 
followed;  when  he  stopped,  they  stopped,  and 
formed  a  wailing  circle  around  him  ;  when 
he  went  into  a  house  they  congregated  on 
the  doorstep  ;  at  last  he  had  to  fly  for  refuge 
to  his  hulk.  Every  time  he  went  on  shore 
this  was  repeated  ;  until  at  last  he  had  to 
give  up  going  out.  When  the  parents  dis- 
covered this  they  came  out  in  a  canoe,  and 
day  after  day  paddled  round  the  vessel,  cry- 
ing out  their  grievances.  It  was  too  much 
for  the  unfortunate  doctor,  who  flung  up  a 
lucrative  practice  and  went  off. 


Education  only  polishes  crime,  it  does  not 
destroy  it.  There  is  no  hollower  sophism 
than  that  education  necessarily  increases  the 
virtue  of  any  country.  It  alters  the  quality 
and  the  compass  of  crimo,  but  hardly  dimin- 
ishes it.  So  to  say,  education  elevates  the 
criminal  from  a  retail  dealer  to  a  wholesale 
merchant.  Given  a  country  highly  educated 
intellectually,  and  morally  neglected,  and  the 
devil  can  have  no  richer  harvest-field. 


'  The  Friend.' 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Carbolic  Acid. — A  spray  of  this  acid  diluted 
with  water  has  been  used  in  Australia  to  cure 
sheep  affected  with  Lung-worm.  The  sheep 
were  placed  in  close  rooms,  into  which  the 
spray  was  injected,  and  allowed  to  breathe 
the  atmosphere  loaded  with  the  vapor  for 
about  half  an  hour.  The  experiment  is  said 
to  have  been  successful  in  curing  the  disease. 


102 


THE    FRIEND. 


India  Rubber  in  Brazil.— In  tbe  early  morn- 
ing men  and  women  come  with    baskets  of 
clay  cups  on   their   Lacks  and  little   hatchets 
to  gash  the  trees.    Whore  the  white  milk  drips 
down  from  the  gash,  they  stick  their  cups  on 
the  trunk  with  daubs  of  clay,  moulded  so  as 
to  catch  the  whole  flow.    If  the  tree  is  a  large 
one,  four  or  five  gashes  may  be  cut  in  a  circle 
around   the  trunk.     On   the   next  day  other 
gashes  are  made  a  little  below  these,  and  so 
on  until  the    rows    reach   the   ground.     By 
eleven   o'clock   the  flow  of  milk   has  ceased, 
and  the  contents  of  the  cups  are  collected 
calabash  jugs.     A  gill  or  so   is  the  utmost 
yield  from  each  tree,  and  a  single  gatherer 
may  attend  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  trees 
or  more,  wading  through  the  dark  marshes. 
Our  hostess  has  brought  in  her  day's  gath 
ering— a  calabash  full  of  the  white  liquid,  ir 
appearance  precisely  like  milk.     If  left  in  this 
condition    it    coagulates    after   a   while,  and 
forms  an    inferior  whitish    gum.      To   make 
the  black  rubber  of  commerce,  the  milk  must 
go  through  a  peculiar  process  of  manufacture, 
for  which  our  guide  has  been  preparing.   Over 
a  smouldering  tiro,  fed  with  hard  nuts  of  the 
palm,  be  places  a  kind  of  clay  chimney,  like 
a  wide-mouthed  bottomless  jug;  through  this 
the  thick  smoke  pours  in  a' constant  stream. 
Now  he  takes  his  mould,  in  this  case  a  wooden 
one,  like  a  round-bladed  paddle— wets  it  with 
the  milk,  and  holds  it  over  the  smoke  until 
the  liquid  coagulates.     Then  another  coat  is 
added,  only  now,  as  the  wood  is  heated,  the 
milk    coagulates   faster.      It    may   take   the 
gatherings  ot  two  or  three  days  to  cover  the 
mould  thickly  enough.     Then  the  rubber  is 
still  dull  white,  but  in  a  short  time  it  turns 
brown,  and  finally  almost  black,  as  it  is  sent 
to  market. 

The  mass  is  cut  from  the  paddle  and  sold 
to  traders  in  the  village.  Bottles  are  some- 
times made  by  moulding  the  rubber  over  a 
clay  ball,  which  is  then  broken  up  and  re- 
moved. Our  old-fashioned  rubber  shoes  used 
to  be  made  in  this  way :  20,000,000  pounds  of 
rubber,  valued  at  66,000,000,  are  annually  ex- 
ported from  Para.— Dominica  Dial. 

Bather's  Cramp. — Cramp  is  a  painful  mus- 
cular spasm.  It  may  occur  in  any  part  of  the 
body,  but  it  is  especially  apt  to  occur  in  the 
lower  extremities,  and,  in  its  milder  forms,  it  is 
limited  to  a  single  muscfe.  Thepain  is  severe, 
and  the  contracted  muscles  are  hard  and 
tender.  In  a  few  minutes  tbe  spasm  and  pain 
cease,  leaving  a  local  sensation  of  fatigue  and 
soreness.  When  cramp  affects  only  one  ex- 
tremity, no  swimmer  or  bather,  endowed  with 


is  bi 


i  the  absence  of  prompt 
is  assistance,  can  save 
iwning.     While  cramp 


ments,  and  climates,  it  has  been  observed  thai 
it  occurs  far  more  frequently  in  warm  climates 
than  in  cold,  ami  chiefly' in  the  hottest  of 
warm  climates,  and  that  persons  of  middle 
age.  suffer  most  from  the  affection,  and  men 
more  than  women,  and  the  robust  and  vigor- 
ous more  so  than  the  weakly.  Neither  can 
there  be  any  doubt  that  the  shock  of  cold  ap- 
plied to  the  surface  of  the  body,  especially 
when  the  body  is  unduly  heated, 'is  the  com- 
monest determining  cause  of  the  worst  and 
most  extensive  forms  of  bather's  cramp.  On 
this  fact  is   founded  the  common    prejudice 


against  bathing  when  the  body  is  much  heat- 
ed. Many  fatal  cases  have  illustrated  this 
point.  Only  a  short  time  ago  a  robust  soldier, 
who  was  an  expert  swimmer,  rowed  in  a  boat, 
upon  a  sultry  evening,  to  a  deep  pool ;  here, 
with  his  body  glowing  from  muscular  exer- 
tion, he  plunged  into  the  water  with  the  in- 
tention of  taking  a  refreshing  bath,  when  he 
was  immediately  seized  withgeneral  muscu 
lar  cramp,  so  that  the  poor  fellow  was  at  once 
drowned.— British  Medical  Journal. 

Mariners'  Aids;  Fog  Signals.— Connected 
with  the  Light  House  Service  is  the  system 
of  warnings  by  "  fog  signals,"  which  comes  in 
use  in  what  the  sailors  call  "  thick  weather;" 
that  is,  when  mist  or  fog  prevents  the  lights 
and  landmarks  from  beiiur  seen  either  bv  nio-ht 
or  by  day. 

The  principal  fog  signals  used  in  this  coun- 
try are  the  siren,  the  steam  trumpet,  the  steam 
whistle,  the  whistling  buoy,  the  bell  boat,  the 
bell  buoy  and  heavy  bells  rung  by  clockwork. 
The  siren  is  sounded  by  driving  steam  through 
a  flat,  circular  disc,  containing  a  number  of 
slits,  the  disc  being  fixed  in  the  throat  of  an 
'mmense  trumpet.  Behind  this  is  a  revolving 
plate,  having  in  it  a  similar  number  of  ope]? 
ings.  The  plate  is  revolved  by  steam  2-100 
times  each  minute.    Whenever  the  slits  in  th 

'ate  coincide  with  those  in  tbe  disc  a  jet  of 
steam  escapes  through  each  opening,  under 
great  pressure,  into  "the  trumpet.  If  there 
are  ten  openings  there  will  be  24,000  screams 
each  minute.  These  combined  in  the  trumpet 
give  a  single,  strong  shriek,  in  deafening 
volume,  and  of  great  range.  The  sound  can 
generally  be  heard  at  a  distance  of  twenty 
miles,  and  can  readily  be  distinguished  from 
all  noises  at  sea.  The  siren  is  the  farthest 
reaching  fog  signal  yet  produced,  but  it  is  the 
most  expensive  to  build,  the  most  difficult  to 
run  and  the  most  costly  to  keep  going.  One 
of  these  machines  was  on  exhibition  at  the 
Centennial  Exposition  in  1876,  where  it  made 
such  a  nuisance  of  itself  that  it  was  restricted 
from  sounding  except  at  the  opening  and 
closing  hours,  and  then  it  was  heard  all  over 
Philadelphia.  One  of  the  largest  size  sirens 
is  connected  with  the  light  house  at  Cape 
Henlopen,  at  the  mouth  of  Delaware  Bay,  op 
posite  Cape  May,  where  in  fog  it  gives  a  blast 
six  seconds  long  after  an  interval  of  39  seconds. 
These  instruments  have  done  so  well  on  our 
coasts  that  other  countries  have  procured 
lumbers  of  them.  Great  Britain  has  more 
ban  twenty  of  them  now  in  operation  on  her 
hores. 

Danger  to  the  Ear  in  Diving. — Dr.  IT.  A. 
Wilson,  aural  surgeon  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital, 
Philadelphia,  reports  two  cases  of  rupture  of 
the  drum  of  the  ear,  caused  by  diving.  The 
water,  forcibly  striking  on  the  column  of  air 
in  the  outer  ear,  suddenly  increased  its  press- 
ure upon  the  membrane,  while  the  pressure 
upon  the  inside  remained  unchanged.  Tbe 
Eustachian  tube  permitted  the  air  to  escape 
from   the   middle  car.     The  internal  force  of 


nti 

up t ure  when  d 

e  p 

■essure  upon  t 

Is 

lollld    be    conn 

resistance  being  suddenly  exceeded  by  the 
external  force,  the.  rupture  ensued.  To  pre- 
iving  it  is  necessary  that 
be  membrane  from  with- 
lensated  for  by  an  equal 
resisting  pressure  from  within.  To  accom- 
plish this,  a  full  inspiration  should  be  taken 
prior  to  diving  and  the  mouth  kept  shut. 
The  compression  being  produced  bj-  the  con- 
tractions of  the  chest  and  cheek  muscles,  will 


tube  into  the  middle  ear  to  resist  the  pressi 
from  without. 

Ceylon  Ferns.— "One  of  the  loveliest  sp< 
in  Peradenia  is  the  fernery.  Under  the  d; 
shade  of  tall  trees,  on  the  cool  shore  of 
sparkling  stream,  is  a  collection  of  ferns 
every  kind,  large  and  small,  fragile  and  i 
bust,  herbaceous  and  tree-like.  It  is  imp< 
sible  to  dream  of  anything  more  lovely  ai 
graceful.  All  the  charm  of  form  which  d 
tinguishes  even  our  own  native  ferns  wi 
their  feathery  fronds,  is  here  displayed  in  i 
finite  variety,  from  the  simplest  to  the  mo 
elaborately  compound  ;  and  while,  on  the  oi 
hand,  some  of  the  minutest  species  of  fen 
are  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  a  deliea 
moss,  the  tall  tree-ferns,  bearing  a  fine  tuft 
feathery  leaves  at  the  top  of  their  slend. 
black  stems,  reach  the  stately  height  of 
palm  tree." — Haeckel's  Ceylon. 

Items. 

((  Disarmaincnt.— The  (London)  Outlook  remark 
— "  The  Italian  press  seriously  discusses  a  nroje 
for  a  simultaneous  European  disarmament.  We'a 
glad  of  it.  Our  English  press  too  often  hoots  for 
while  at  noble  and  unselfish  ideas,  and  cries  out- 
Quixotic  !  Impossible  !  But  the  true  interest 
peoples,  the  honest  dictates  of  common  sense,  ar, 
the  real- tendency  of  our  Holy  Faith,  all  point 
some  grand  league  and  covenant  under  which  natioi 
may  eease  to  waste  life  and  substance  in  standir, 
armies,  and  set  free  their  resources  for  a  better  ri  vah 
in  replenishing  the  earth  and  subduing  it— not  ei 
feebling  and  subduing  one  another." 

—Organization  of  Charities.— The.  organization  < 
the  charities  of  our  cities  commenced  iiOhis  eountr 
in  1877,  and  has  now  been  initiated  in  27  cities.  ] 
seeks  to  reform  abuses,  prevent  suffering,  and  ear 
for  neglected  children.  By  thorough  supervisio 
begging  is  discouraged,  and'the  expense  of  relievin 
the  poor  is  much  diminished.  In  Buffalo,  the  Ovei 
seer  of  the  Poor  expended  in  1877  $123,123;  am 
this  amount  was  lessened  every  vear  until  in'  188 
it  was  only  $48,676. 

— Mormrnikii)  in  Matwchwetts.— Jackson  L.  Evans 
elder  of"  the  Plainville  branch  of  the  're-or-anizei 
Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints,'"  ha 
been  sentenced  at  Dedham  to  the  house  of  correetioi 
for  three  years  for  practising  the  Mormon  doetrini 
of  plurality  of  wives.  It  seems  Evans  has  been  fore 
most  in  the  formation  of  this  Mormon  church  in  i 
little  village  of  Wrenthamtown,  and  has  been  prose 
lyting  actively,  holding  meetings  in  various  house; 
until  the  church  was  built. 


-Needed  Ref, 


Maine. — Some  amendment! 


sufficient   air   through   the   Eustachian 'the  two  bodies  of  Friends 


of  Maine.     For  many  years  past  the  law  stating  th< 
grounds  of  divorce  has  been  that  it  may  be  declared 
'when  the  judge  decrees  it  reasonable  and  proper 
conducive  to  domestic  harmony,  and  consistent  witl 
the  peace  and   morality   of  society."     Under  the 
loose  terms  of  this  enactment,  and  the  liberal  in- 
terpretation given  it,  the  action  of  the  court  was 
ked  so  often  and  so  successfully  that  one  divorce, 
stated,  was  granted  for  every  eight  marriages 
racted  in  the  State.     The  amendments  alluded 
;ive  restricted  in  many  respects  the  causes  ioi 
which  a  divorce  may  be  granted,  and  in  future  all 
ecrees  of  divorce  will  in  the  first  instance  be  de- 
rees  nisi,  to  become  absolute  after  the  expiration 
of  six  months.     It  is  also  enacted  that  after  a  divorce 

shall  not  marry  again  within  two  years  of  the  entry 
of  the  final  decree,  except  on  petition  granted  bv  the 
court.  Again,  the  person  against  whom  the  divorce 
is  granted  is  not  only  not  allowed  to  marry  for  two 
years  after  the  decree  absolute  has  been  made,  but 
is  not  allowed  to  marry  at  all  except  on  permission 
granted  by  the  court. 

—Law   Suit   at    West    Lair,    Ontario.— A   recent: 
tier  from  Canada  states  thai  in  tbe  suit  betweel 


property  at  w, 


THE    FRIEND. 


103 


like,  the  arguments  before  the  Judge  were  closed 

the  6th  inst. 

The  Plaintiffs,  who  represent  the  Larger  Body, 
arged  that  the  Defendants  set  up  a  meeting  out 
the  order  of  the  Society. 

The  Defendants  charged  "that  the  New  York 
line  of  1877  was  not  legally  adopted  by  Canada 
jarly  Meeting,  and  that  Plaintiffs  had  so  far  de- 
rted  from  the  duct  lines  and  practices  of  the  Society 
at  they  were  not  Friends." 

In  reference  to  the  adoption  of  the  N.  Y.  Disci- 
ine,  the  Plaintiffs  claimed  a  two-thirds  majority 
rthe  adoption,  and  their  witnesses  were  unanimous 
declaring  that  it  was  the  manner  of  Friends  to 
tide  by  majorities.  The  Defendants  claimed 
at  the  meeting  was  about  equally  divided,  for  and 
ainst  the  adoption  ;  and  that  a  decision  by  majori- 

was  not  the  right  way  of  deciding. 
The  errors  in  doctrine  and  practice  which  are  set 
rth  in  the  Address  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meet- 
g,  were  proven  by  Defendants  and  largely  admitted 

Plaintiffs.  One  of  the  witnesses  of  the  latter 
uctantly  admitted  that  he  was  receiving  a  fixed 
lary  as  a  minister  by  previous  arrangement. 
After  the  arguments  were  concluded,  the  Judge 
id,  "  I  suspend  the  action  of  the  Yearly  Meeting 
1880  in  adopting  the  new  discipline.  I  recom- 
end  the  parties  to  come  together  and  settle  the 
atter  among  themselves.  If  they  fail  to  do  so,  I 
11  review  the  evidence  touching  the  questions  of 
ctrine.  and  decide  accordingly." 
He  ordered  that  the  parties  might  hold  their 
actings  in  the  house  in  question  in  the  interim 
itil  he  had  made  his  decree,  at  different  hours  and 

ys. 

The  letter  adds,  "  Friends  have  gone  to  their  homes 
iich  comforted  with  the  arrangement,"  which  re- 
ives of  some  interruption  which  had  proved  very 
noying. 

The  assertion  of  the  Plaintiff's  witnesses, 
at  Friends  decide  questions  by  majorities,! 
at  variance  with  the  views  heretofore  held! 
i  that  subject  by  our  Society.  Recognizing 
hrist  as  the  Head,  and  the  leadings  of  his] 
)irit  as  the  ground  of  the  authority  of  the 
aurch,  it  has  been  regarded  as  the  duty  of 
e  clerk  who  gathers  the  judgment  of  a  meet- 
g,  not  so  much  to  count  the  number  of, 
eakers,  as  to  feel  after  the  mind  of  the  Spirit 
manifested  in  those  who  have  taken  part 
the  consideration  of  the  matter  before  the 
eeting. 

—  Temperance  in  German)/. — A  society  has  been 
•med  in  Germany  to  oppose  the  evils  of  intemper- 
ce  ;  some  of  the  leading  members  of  which  are 
ysicians  having  charge  of  insane  asylums.  At 
meeting  held  recently  of  persons  connected  with 
stitutioiis  for  the  care  of  idiots,  a  resolution  was 
opted  stating  that  it  was  thought  a  large  propor- 
\>n  of  imbecile  and  idiotic  persons  owed  their  de- 
orable  condition  to  the  free  indulgence  of  their 
ihers  and  mothers  in  intoxicating  drinks.  One 
the  speakers  showed  by  statistical  deductions 
at  32  per  cent,  of  the  idiots  of  Norway  were  the 
ildren  of  persons  addicted  to  drunkenness. 


THE    FRIEND. 


ELEVENTH  MONTH  :\  1883. 


"We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  printed 
inutes  of  Western  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends 
he  Smaller  Body)  held  at  Sugar  Grove, 
idiana,  and  commencing  9th  mo.  14th. 
It  is  composed  of  two  Quarterly  Meetings. 
The  Report  on  Education  gives  the  number 
'  children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  21  as 
10.  Considerable  interest  appears  to  have 
;en  felt  that  these  may  be  educated  under 
le  care  of  the  Society  ;  for  which  purpose  5 
hools  bad  been  kept  up  for  a  portion  of  the 
iar.  The  school  at  Mill  Creek  had  received 
donation  of  78  acres  of  land   adjoining  the 


meeting  and  school  property  at  that  place  ; 
which,  it  was  hoped,  would  place  it  on  a  basis 
for  permanent  usefulness.  In  these  schools  a 
portion  of  Scripture  has  been  daily  read  ;  and 
the  scholars  and  teachers  have  regularly  at- 
tended mid-week  meetings. 

The  Committee  "on  the  subject  of  the 
Quarterly  Meetings  that  are  not  in  unity  with 
this  meeting,"  state  in  their  report,  that  they 
recognize  the  fact,  that  "  there  are  man}'  in 
those  meetings  who  are  sound  in  the  doc- 
trines of  Christianity  as  ever  held  by  Friends, 
and  who  are  attached  to  its  established  prin- 
ciples and  order ;  yet  wo  have  often  been 
confirmed  in  the  belief  that  the  course  which 
has  been  and  is  being  pursued,  and  the  doc- 
trines which  have  been  taught  and  sanctioned 
by  these  meetings,  and  the  Yearly  Meeting 
to  which  they  claim  subordination,  is  not  in 
accordance  with  the  principles  and  doctrines 
which  are  clearly  set  forth  in  the  Scriptures 
of  Truth,  and  are  held  by  the  Society  of 
Friends."  The  Committee  had  prepared  a 
short  Address,  a  copy  of  which  had  been  sent 
to  each  of  the  Quarterly  Meetings  designated 
in  the  minute  of  their  appointment.  In  this 
they  desire  the  encouragement  of  those  who 
are  truly  attached  to  our  doctrines  and  testi- 
monies ;  and  ask  of  all  a  return  to  their  main- 
tenance ;  very  briefly  referring  to  some  of 
the  subjects  on  which  erroneous  teaching  h 

had  not  been  read  in  the  Quarterly  Meetings 
to  which  they  had  been  sent  ;  and  the  Yearly 
Meeting  directed  that  it  should  be  printed 
and  distributed  among  the  members  of  those 
meetings. 

J  n  reference  to  the  Address  of  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting,  the  following  minute  was 
adopted  :  "  We  have  had  brought  to  our  notice 
an  Address  prepared  by  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting  in  4th  month,  1S83,  directed  'to  its 
own  members  and  to  the  members  of  our  So- 
ciety elsewhere  ;'  and  it  having  been  read  in 
joint  session  and  carefully  considered,  a  full 
expression  of  unity  therewith  was  made.  We 
believe  that  the  doctrines  therein  set  forth 
and  advocated  are  the  doctrines  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  and  the  same  that  have  ever  been 
held  by  the  Society  of  Friends  ;  and  the  testi- 
mony against  the  views  and  practices  which 
have  of  late  years  brought  distress  and  deso- 
lation on  our  beloved  Society  has  met  the 
full  approval  of  the  meeting." 

A  correspondent  who  was  present  on  that 
occasion,  speaks  of  the  feeling  of  divine  life 
that  at  times  "seems  to  permeate  the  whole 
assembly  and  cover  it  with  an  indescribable 
preciousness  ;"  and  adds,  "  The  reading  of  the 
Philadelphia  Address  brought  over  that  meet- 
ing at  the  time  of  the  reading,  one  of  those 
precious  seasons  that  is  especially  to  be  re- 
membered." 

Conscience  in  Education  is  the  title  of  a 
pamphlet  kindly  forwarded  by  the  author, 
William  Nicholson  of  Lawrence,  Kansas.  It 
commences  with  a  reference  to  the  universal 
sense  of  responsibility — of  asense  that  "There 
is  an  ought,  and  an  ought  not,  constantly  sound- 
ing in  the  depths  of  every  human  soul.''  This 
presupposes  the  existence  of  a  Supreme  Au- 
thority to  whom  we  arc  accountable,  and 
renders  wide-spread  atheism  an  impossibility. 

In  all  ages  and  among  all  nations,  the  tes- 
timony of  the  best  men  as  to  what  is  right, 
has  been  remarkably  uniform.  This  fact,  the 
pamphlet  states,  "can  only  be  adequately  ex- 


plained by  that  foundation  truth  revealed  in 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  that  in  Him  'who  was 
in  the  beginning,'  '  who  was  with  God,'  and 
'  who  was  God,'  'who  made  all  things,'  '  who 
became  flesh,  and  dwelt  amongst  men,'  even 
in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  'was  life;  and  the 
life  was  the  light  of  men,'  '  even  the  light  that 
lighteth  every  man  coming  into  the  world.' 
John  i.  1-15;  (R.  V.)  It  is  He  who  endows 
every  soul  with  an  ineffaceable  sense  of  obli- 
gation and  a  capacit}'  of  spiritual  vision,  and 
whose  own  universal,  all-permeating  and 
eternal  life  is  itself  the  light  in  which  spirit- 
ual things  are  revealed.  There  is  no  other 
original  source  of  spiritual  light.  This  is  the 
fountain  which  supplies  all  the  streams  of 
spiritual  quickening,  illumination,  invigora- 
tion  and  growth." 

In  the  Christian  training  of  children — that 
"  nurture  and  admonition  of  the  Lord"  which 
is  so  important  for  them — they  should  early 
be  taught  to  fear  the  Lord,  as  a  preservative 
against  the  power  of  temptation,  and  as  giv- 
ing them  a  motive  for  doing  what  is  right; 
as  well  as  be  instructed  in  the  holy  commands 
of  our  Saviour  and  his  apostles.  "  But  the 
soul  needs  not  only  to  know  about  God,  but 
to  know  Him."  As  God  is  a  Spirit,  acquaint- 
ance with  Him  must  be  spiritual,  and  children 
should  be  taught  to  expect  that  God  will 
make  bis  presence  known  to  their  spirits  by 
direct  impressions  upon  the.  conscience,  and 
that  they  must  look  for,  cherish  ami  give 
heed  to  these  impressions,  such  as  conviction 
for  sin,  warning  against  doing  evil,  prompt- 
ings towards  that  which  is  right,  &c. 

The  general  tone  of  this  pamphlet  is  satis- 
factory, drawing  attention  as  it  does  to  the 
Light  of  Christ,  which  must  ever  be  the  great 
means  of  effecting  man's  salvation  ;  and  en- 
forcing the  necessity  of  practical  holiness,  and 
patient  continuance  in  well-doing. 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  "United 
States  Salary  List  and  the  Civil  Service  Law, 
Rules  and  Regulations,"  with  specimens  of 
the  examination  questions  asked  of  applicants 
under  the  Civil  Service  regulations.— Pub- 
lished by  II.  N.  Copp,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

In  the  first  number  of  the  present  volume, 
it  was  stated  that  the  "Contributors  to  The 
Friend,"  had  decided  to  send  their  paper 
gratuitously  for  a  limited  time  to  some  who 
were  not  subscribers,  in  the  hope  of  pro- 
moting a  better  understanding  among  Friends 
in  different  localities  "  who  adhere  to  the 
original  doctrines  of  our  Society." 

This  special  gratuitous  distribution  it  is 
proposed  to  discontinue  after  the  issue  of  the 
pi-esent  number.  To  those  who  have  been 
receiving  it,  or  to  any  others  who  desire  to 
become  subscribers,  it  will  be  forwarded  for 
the  remainder  of  the  present  volume  for  61-50 
— the  price  of  the  paper  being  $2.00  per 
annum.  All  subscriptions  and  moneys  should 
be  forwarded  to  the  Agent,  John  S.  Stokes, 
at  No.  11G  North  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia. 
It  is  desirable  to  bear  promptly  from  out- 
friends  on  this  subject,  so  that  we  may  know 
how  many  copies  to  print  of  the  future  num- 
bers. 

In  those  localities,  where  no  one  has  been 
appointed  to  act  as  "Agent"  for  "The  Friend," 
it  might  prove  a  great  convenience,  if  some 
suitable  person  would  receive  the  subscrip- 
tions of  bis  neighbors  and  forward  them  in 
one  sum,  by  Money  Order,  or  registered  letter 


104 


THE    FRIEND. 


— deducting  the  expense  from  the  amount 
forwarded.  The  "  Contributors"  will  send 
their  paper  to  such  persons  without  charge. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  total  value  of  our  imports  of 
merchandise  for  twelve  months  which  ended  on  9th 
mo.  30th,  1883,  was  $694,960,036,  a  decrease  of  $54,- 
744  662  compared  with  the  imports  of  the  preceding 
twelve  months.  The  total  value  of  our  exports  during 
the  twelve  months  which  ended  9th  mo.  30th  last,  was 
$812,2S6,945,  an  increase  of  §74,636,739  on  the  exports 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year. 

The  steamer  City  of  Rio  Janeiro,  which  arrived  at 
San  Francisco  on  the  13th  of  10th  month,  brought  77 
Chinamen,  each  holding  a  trader's  certificate  from  the 
Chinese  Government,  winch,  under  the  treaty,  entitles 
them  to  land  in  the  United  States.  The  steamer  City 
of  Tokio,  which  arrived  on  Third-day,  brought  111 
more  Chinamen  armed  with  similar  certificates.  It  is 
becoming  evident  that  by  this  means  Chinese  laborers 
are  evading  the  provisions  of  the  Anti-Chinese  law. 

At  a  recent  sale  of  Jersey  cattle  in  Lexington,  Ky., 
fifty-four  head  brought  $14,690.  A  Jersey  cow  brought 
$2000,  in  New  York  city,  on  10th  mo.  23d. 

A  number  of  prominent  citizens  of  St.  Louis,  of  both 
parties,  held  a  secret  meeting  on  Second-day  night  last 
week,  and  framed  a  Law  and  Order  League  on  the  plan 
of  the  Philadelphia  Citizens'  Committee  of  One  Hun- 
dred. An  emergency  fund  of  £3000  was  subscribed, 
and  the  annual  assessment  fixed  at  $25.  The  object  of 
the  League  is  "  to  secure  good  local  government,  fight 
corruption,  and  especially  the  gambling  ring." 

A  number  of  the  Prohibition  leaders  of  Missouri  met 


bushels  at  34  cts.  for  No.  2  mixed  ;  34$  a  35  cts.  for  No. 
3  white,  and  36  a  36$  cts.  for  No.  2  white. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  10th 
mo.  27th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  298  ;  loads  of  straw,  42. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  75  a  85 
cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  65  a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull,  and  prices  were  a  fraction  lower: 
5000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a 
6$  cts.  per  lb-,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  lower :  16,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  2  a  5}  cts.,  and  lambs  at 
3  a  6J  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  steady :  7500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  7  a  7$  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Foreign. — Further  particulars  of  the  explosion  in 
the  Wharnclifle-Carlton  colliery,  when  men  were  look- 
ing for  bodies  of  victims  of  the  explosion,  show  that  no 
lives  were  lost  by  the  second  calamity  in  the  mine,  as 
was  at  first  supposed.  The  colliery  is  being  flooded  to 
extinguish  the  fire.  This  action  will  throw  800  per- 
sons out  of  employment. 

The  Freeman's  Journal  declares  that  a  Government 
circular  just  issued  contains  suggestions  to  the  Irish 
Emigration  Committee  proposing  a  wholesale  shipment 
of  Irish  people  to  Canada.  Every  facility  is  to  be  offered 
to  the  Boards  of  Guardians  and  to  the  Clerks  of  Unions 
to  promote  emigration.  No  workhouse  paupers  are  to 
be  sent.  Large  contracts  have  been  made  with  ship- 
ping companies  for  the  conveyance  of  emigrants.  The 
Canadian  Government  is  a  party  to  the  scheme,  against 
which  the  Freeman's  Journal  warns  all  Irishmen. 

Despite  the  disapproval  of  Lord  Derby,  Colonial 
Minister,  of  the  explorations  in  New  Guinea,  the  pro- 
jectors thereof  have  determined  to  proceed  with  their 
in  St.  Louis,  on  Seventh-day  ihe  87 th  ultimo,  to  devise  I  expedition.  A  steamer  has  been  chartered  to  leave 
a  plan  of  action  for  the  next  political  campaign.  Dr. I  England  before  the  25th  of  12th  month.  She  will  take 
Brooks,  President  of  the  State  Prohibition  Alliance,  six  months'  provisions,  tents  and  arms.  Each  sub- 
occupied  the  chair.   It  was  decided  to  take  action  look-|scriber  of  £100  to  the  expedition  is  to  obtain  a  land 


ing  to  the  enforcement  of  the  First-day  laws  and  all 
other  restrictive  liquor  laws  ;  "  to  exert  every  possible 
influence"  to  elect  a  Legislature  favorable  to  the  sub- 
mission of  a  Prohibition  amendment,  and  to  oppose  the 
election  of  any  candidate  for  Governor  who  is  opposed 
to  such  submission. 

The  sale  of  liquor  is  now  prohibited,  in  whole  or  in 
part,  in  seventy-one  counties  in  Georgia,  leaving  less 
than  half  of  the  counties  in  which  the  sale  is  unre- 
stricted. The  last  Legislature  prohibited  the  sale  in 
nine  counties  more  and  provided  for  elections  in  thirty 
others. 

The  jury  in  the  case  of  the  Banks  county  Kuklux,  at 
Atlanta,  on  the  27th  ult.,  rendered  a  verdict  of  guilty. 
The  conviction  of  the  accused  was  unexpected  and  has 
created  a  sensation.  It  was  charged  that  they  com- 
mitted outrages  upon  the  negroes  because  the  latter 
voted  for  Emory  Speer  lor  Congressman.  Speer  was 
defeated  and  appointed  U.  S.  District  Attorney,  hence 
the  prosecution.  This  is  the  first  conviction  of  Kuklux 
in  Georgia.     A  new  trial  will  be  asked. 

During  the  past  four  years  Arkansas,  Florida,  Loui- 
siana and  Texas  have  doubled  their  railroad  mileage. 
The  total  mileage  in  the  twelve  Southern  States  now 
stands  at  26,049,  against  17,260  ten  years  ago,  and  dur- 
ing the  decade  it  is  estimated  that  at  least  $300,000,000 
has  been  invested  in  these  enterprises. 

Typhoid  fever  is  spreading  in  Jersey  City.  Diph 
theria  is  causing  alarm  in  West  Cleveland. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  338 
which  was  the  same  number  as  during  the  previou 
week,  and  27  more  than  during  the  correspondin; 
period  last  year.  Of  the  whole  number,  187  were  male 
and  151  females  :  58  died  of  consumption  ;  26  of  diph 
theria;  18  of  typhoid  fever;  15  of  marasmus;  17  of 
croup;  11  ol'  Bright' s  disease,  and  10  of  scarlet  fever. 

Markets,  &c—  U.  S.  4$'s,  115;  4's,  1907,  122};  3's 
101;  currency  6's,  130  a  137. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  were  reported  at  10J  a  11  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8}  a  8f  cts.  for  export, 
and  9|  a  9J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  remain  about  the 
same  as  last  quoted.  Sales  of  2000  barrels,  including 
Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  $6.25  ;  Pennsylvania  family 
at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6  and  patents  at  $0  a 
$7.     Rye  flour  was  dull  at  $3.62$  a  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher:  8500  bushels 
sold  in  lots  at  98  a  99  cts.  for  No.  3 red;  $1.06  a  $1.06J 
for  No.  2 ;  $1.12$  a  $1.13  for  No.  1.  Rye  was  firm  at 
65  a  67  cts.  for  Pennsylvania.  Corn. — Car  lots  were 
dull.  Sales  of  9000  bushels  at  56  cts.  for  No.  3 ;  56$ 
for  steamer,  and  57  cts.  for  sail  mixed,  and  621  cts.  for 
yellow.     Oats.— Car  lots  were  steady.     Sales  of  9000 


warrant  entitling  him  to  1000  acres.  It  is  expected 
that  the  expedition  will  land  on  the  north-east  coast  of 
the  island. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Steamship  Owners'  Association 
has  written  a  letter  to  Earl  Granville,  the  British 
Foreign  Secretary,  urging  that  fresh  action  be  taken 
with  the  concurrence  of  the  Association,  looking  to  the 
cutting  of  a  second  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Suez. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  five  academies  in  Paris, 
10th  mo.  26th,  Count  de  Lesseps  delivered  a  lecture  on 
the  scientific  and  civilizing  character  of  great  enter- 
prizes  intended  to  facilitate  intercourse  between  nations. 
He  insisted  that  the  maritime  highways  should  no 
longer  be  subjected  to  the  vicissitudes  of  the  active 
politics  of  Governments.  Seas,  straits,  bosphoruses  and 
maritime  canals  must  be  freely  open  at  all  times,  irre- 
spective of  all  international  conflict.  He  said  that  the 
construction  of  the  Suez  Canal  and  the  eventual  con- 
struction of  the  Panama  Canal  have  effected  the  intro- 
duction of  a  new  principle  which  is  more  important  even 
than  the  execution  of  the  works,  namely :  a  vast  asso- 
ciation of  the  capital  of  the  world,  which  conduced  to 
the  solidarity  of  the  interests  of  all  nations. 

The  general  impression  produced  in  Paris  by  the 
condition  of  the  relations  between  France  and  China 
on  the  Tonquin  question,  as  shown  by  the  Yellow 
Book,  issued  10th  mo.  23d,  is  that  all  negotiations  be- 
tween the  two  countries  are  exhausted,  and  that  only  war 
or  mediation  will  settle  the  dispute.  The  Paris  corre- 
spondent of  the  Standard  says  it  is  clear  that  the  nego- 
tiations between  the  countries  have  been  broken  oft' for 
the  present.  The  relations  now  existing  between  the 
two  countries  can  only  be  described  as  at  a  dead-lock. 

The  newspapers  in  Berlin  warn  persons  who  intend 
to  emigrate  to  America  not  to  buy  United  States  trade 
dollars,  large  quantities  of  which  they  say  have  been 
imported  into  Germany  for  sale  at  their  face  value,  al- 
though they  are  worth  only  87  cents. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Geodetic  Associa 
tion  at  Rome  was  presented  at  a  general  meeting  of  the 
Conference  10th  mo.  23d,  and  adopted  after  an  animated 
debate.  The  report  favors  the  universal  adoption  of 
the  Greenwich  meridian,  and  also  recommends,  as  the 
point  of  departure  of  the  universal  hour  and  cosmo 
politan  dates,  the  mean  noon  of  Greenwich.  The  (Ion 
ference  hopes  that,  if  the  whole  world  agrees  to  the 
unification  of  longitudes  and  hours  by  accepting  the 
Greenwich  meridian,  England  will  advance  the  unifica- 
tion of  weights  and  measures  by  joining  the  Metrical 
Convention  of  1875.  The  Government  of  Italy  will  be 
requested  to  officially  communicate  the  foregoing  ac- 
tion of  the  Conference  to  all  nations. 

The  Journal  de  St.  Pelersbourg  declares  that  the 
foreign  policy  of  Russia  is  entirely  devoted  to  peace, 
that  her  relations  with  all  foreign  Powers  are  excellent 


and  that  there  is  no  question  now  pending  that  is  lik 
to  disturb  the  quiet  which  all  governments  are  striv 
to  maintain.     The  latest  Nihilist  proclamation  is  be  r 
extensively  circulated.     It  demands  that  the  Czar  su| 
mon   the  representatives  of  the  Russian  people,  s':< 
asks  for  full  amnesty,  freedom  of  the  press,  freedorr.'" 
speech,  and  the  right  lo  hold   public  meetings,  as  l, 
only  means  of  preventing  a  revolution.     Pitiless  v 
geance  is  threatened  if  the  demands  of  the  Nihilists:, 
disregarded. 

Three  shocks  of  earthquake  were  felt  on  the  2J| 
ultimo,  at  Tchesme  and  on  the  Island  of  Chios.  Gro 
alarm  was  caused  but  no  damage  was  done.  Shocks!1 
earthquake  on  the  24th,  about  midnight,  at  Agrama'i 
in  several  districts  of  Western  Crotia,  shook  the  hou  , 
and  shattered  windows.  About  the  same  time  as  til 
occurring  in  Chios,  a  shock  was  felt  at  Smyrna.  A  (I 
ipatch  from  the  last  named  place,  dated  the  28th,  sal 
hat  another  shock  was  experienced  there  to-day,  dam;  | 
ing  the  wall  surrounding  the  town,  as  well  as  the  aqi| 
duct  and  a  mosque.  At  Vourla  169  persons  we. 
seriously  and  61  slightly  injured,  and  79  are  in  t] 
"tospitals. 

Alexandria,  10th  mo.  28th. — The  deaths  from  chole, 
here  are  averaging  from  eight  to  ten  daily.  The  fa ; 
i  occur  chiefly  among  the  Europeans.  Private  s 
?  received  in  this  city  announce  that  several  cast 
of  cholera  have  made  their  appearance  in  the  interie 

The  Railway  Age  of  recent  date  says:  "Late  advie! 
from  Panama  state  that  the  work  on  the  Panama  Car! 

being  pushed  forward  with  great  energy.  The  to' 
number  of  workmen  is  over  ten  thousand,  principal! 
Jamaicans.  The  work  is  divided  among  a  number  I 
contractors,  all  of  whom,  except  two,  have  commenc1 
operations."  The  recent  official  reports  from  the  co: 
pany's  agents  at  the  several  places  along  the  line 
canal  show  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  employes  to 
not  only  good  but  improving. 

A  sharp  earthquake  shook  the  Bermuda  Islands  - 
the  afternoon  of  the  29th  ult.  The  oscillation,  whii 
was  accompanied  by  a  "  roar  and  rumbling,"  lasted  t 
seconds,  its  direction  being  from  west  to  east.  Mai 
people  ran  out  of  their  houses  in  affright.  No  dama 
was  done. 

At  10  o'clock  on  10th  mo.  23d,  General  Iglesius  e 
tered  Lima  as  "  President  Regenerador."  On  the  aftt 
noon  of  the  24th,  he  took  up  his  quarters  at  the  palai 
He  was  received  enthusiastically.  The  Peruvian  poli 
cal  prisoners  in  Chili  embarked  for  home  10th  mo.  271 

Admiral  Garcia  y  Garcia  has  been  appointed  Mini 
ter  to  Great  Britain  and  France. 

The  Peruvian  Government  has  decreed  that  the  pap 
sol  will  be  received  for  custom  dues  at  the  rate  of  1 
for  the  silver  sol. 

An  official  telegram  from  Molendo,  10th  mo.  29t 
says:  Arequipa  has  surrendered  without  a  battle.  Mo 
tei-o  fled.     Yglesias  has  been  proclaimed  President. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtov 
Station  on   the   arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train   fro 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philad,  Ijiliia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M. ! 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board 
Managers. 

Married,  at  Friends'  meeting-house,  Sixth  ai 
Noble  streets,  on  9th  month  4th,  1883,  Stephen  . 
Webb,  of  Parkersville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  to  Debor.4 
Brooks,  of  this  city. 

,  at  the  same  place,  on  10th  month  9th,  Wl 

liam  C.  Allen  to  Elizabeth  C,  daughter  of  Jam 
Bromley,  all  of  this  city. 

,  at  Friends'  meeting-house  on  Twelfth  stre 

on  Fourth-day,  the  24th  ultimo,  John  M.  Whita] 
Thomas,  of  Baltimore,  to  Mary  Clark,  daughter 
Richard  L.  Nicholson,  of  this  city. 

,  at  Friends'  meeting-house,  Chesterfield,  Me 

gan  Co.,  Ohio,  on  Fifth-day  the  25th,  ultimo,  FlNL] 
Hutton,  of  Philadelphia,  to  Aones  V.  McGrew, 
the  former  place. 


Died,  10th  month  3d,  in  Kennett  township,  Chest 
county,  Pa.,  William  Marshall,  a  member  of  Ke 
nett  Monthly  Meeting,  in  the  77th  year  of  his  age. 

,  10th  mo.  8th,  Maroaret  Miller,  a  meml 

and  eleler  of  Greenwich  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  J.,  in  t 
84th  year  of  her  age. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL,    LVII, 


SEVENTH-DAY,  ELEVENTH  MONTH  10,  1883. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

icriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

'.AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Enterol 


onJ-.Jass 


Philade 


P.  o. 


For  "The   Friend." 

etters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  98.) 

To  a  young  friend. 

"5th  mo.  2nd,  1850. 
My  dear  friend,  *  *  *  I  doubt  not  thou 
rt  drawn  at  seasons  to  look  at  thyself,  and 
Iso  at  the  state  of  things  around  thee,  with 
esires  that  thy  Heavenly  Father  would  bless 
hee  with  his  holy  presence  and  power,  and 
nablo  thee  rightly  and  acceptably  to  stand 
his  sight.  6,  this  is  a  blessed  exercise,  and 
e  which  it  behoves  us  to  cultivate  and  lay 
old  of,  whenever  the  Lord  in  his  mercy  is 
leased  to  draw  us  into  the  secret  of  his  taber- 
acle,  and  make  us  acquainted  by  his  Divine 
ght  with  ouv  own  states,  or  the  state  of  the 
hureh.  I  apprehend  the  inquiry  is  raised  in 
hy  mind  at  times,  Wherefore  do  I  make  the 
rofession  I  do?  What  advancement  do  I 
lake  in  the  work  to  which  I  am  called  ?  And 
ow  shall  I  so  discharge  myself  as  to  be  found 
ccepted  in  the  day  of  account?  It  is  in  ray 
eart  to  say  to  thee,  keep  near  to  that  which 
hus  exercises  thee,  and  which  in  its  opera- 
ions  upon  thee,  at  times  brings  sweetness; 
nd  may  I  not  say,  power  with  it.  It  is  the 
ery  word  of  the'  living  God  which  is  thus 
tiding  thee  into  closer  communion  with  him- 
elf ;  and  will,  as  it  is  watched  and  taken  heed 
bring  about  a  great  and  glorious  work  in 
Iby  heart.  We  often  hear  the  inquiry  made, 
|ow  shall  our  religious  Society  be  sustained? 
IVho  will  take  upon  themselves  the  work 
vhich  is  now  in  measure  in  the  hands  of 
ithers,  but  which  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of 
nan}'  more?  Well,  those  who  have  even 
nade  any  advances  in  the  work  of  religion, 
lave  begun  with  little  and  low  beginnings; 
hieh,  indeed,  though  seemingly  Tittle,  are 
reat  things ;  and  such  as  must  be  regarded 
■om  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  race, 
or  the  plant  of  the  Lord  in  our  souls  is  a 
ender  plant,  and  remains  to  be  so,  even  in 
,hose  in  whom  it  may  appear  to  have  taken 
lome  root  and  produced  some  fruit.  It  is  of 
;reat  importance,  therefore,  that  we  cherish 
t  and  keep  fast  hold  of  those  motions  which 
)romote  its  growth.  As  we  seek  to  yield  our- 
elves  unreservedly  to  Him,  He  will  by  little 
md  little  bring  us  to  know  the  excellency  of 
lis  blessed  work  in  our  souls,  and  afford  us 
n   the   faithful    discharge   of  duty,   the   re- 


ward of  peace.  My  heart  is  often  enlarged 
towards  the  youth  and  youthful  members! 
among  us,  with  desires  that  they  may  take 
eed  to  the  day  of  the  Lord's  gracious  visita- 
tion. There  is  no  danger  of  our  beginning  to  | 
serve  the  Lord  too  soon  ;  and  as  we  are  en- 
gaged to  yield  ourselves  to  his  divine  power,' 
He  will  quality  us  to  administer  to  the  help 
of  others,  and  to  build  up  the  waste  places  of 
the  church.  Mayest  thou  then  be  willing  to • 
take  thy  share  of  the  work  upon  thee,  and 
not  delay  the  unreserved  dedication  of  thy| 
heart  to  Him  who  calls  for  it;  who  will,  as 
thou  art  faithful,  make  thee  useful  in  his  flock 
and  family. 

With  feelings  of  love,  I  am  thy  friend, 

W.  Scattergood." 

To . 

"  8th  mo.  25th,  1850. 

Dear :  In  looking  back  at  the  events 

of  the  week.  I  am  led  t<>  regret  our  too  hasty 

departure  from the  other  day.     I  hardly 

know  how  to  account  for  it,  but  I  seem  some- 
times to  get  so  low  in  faith,  that  I  am  hardly 

pable  of  seeing  or  of  acting  in  the  feeling 
of  its  power.  How  am  I  led  to  deplore  from 
time  to  time  my  weakness  in  this  respect,  and 
truly  I  often  four  that  some  of  these  days  I 
shall  almost  sink  out  of  reach  of  the  sense  of 
Divine  power  altogether.  How  frail  we  are 
(some  of  us)  in  this  respect!  And  although 
led  at  times,  I  trust,  sincerely  to  mourn  over 
it,  how  again  and  again  do  1  fail  in  the  per- 
fect fulfilment  of  the  will  of  my  Divine  Master 
especting  me. 

Icannot  but  commend  myself  to  the  prayers 
of  my  friends,  knowing  that  the  fervent  ef- 
fectual prayer  of  the  righteous  availeth  much. 
I  feel  myself  surrounded  with  many  difficul- 
ties and  trials,  having  reference  in  some  mea- 
sure— in  great  measure — to  the  condition  of 
the  outward  church  ;  and  though  I  have 
learned  again  and  again — O,  that  I  could  only 
remember  it — that  the  '  Lord  is  mightier  than 
the  noise  of  many  waters,  yea  than  the  mighty 
waves  of  the  sea;'  yet  I  am  so  prone  to  fear, 
that  1  hide  myself  as  it  were  from  my  many 
mercies,  and  lose,  in  the  perturbations  of  an 
anxious  and  fearful  spirit,  all  sense,  as  it  were, 
that  the  Lord  is  at  my  right  hand,  and  that 
I  cannot  be  moved  while  relying  upon  Him 
How  constantly  is  He  near  and  round  about 
us,  and  yet  how  prone  we  are  to  conclude 
ourselves  forsaken  ;  and  that  instead  of  re 
garding  us  as  He  does  in  love,  we  persuad 
ourselves  that  He  is  turned  against  us  as  a 

fierce  lion.    O,  my  dear .  I  can  sometimes 

feel  that  '  God  is  love ;'  but  alas,  I  slide  away 
into  the  dark,  and  can  hardly  believe  that  He 
is.  Well,  thou  hast  been  dipped  at  times  into 
sympathy  with  my  poor  state,  and  hast  been 
strengthened  to  avow  it.  I  can  but  say,  still 
bear  me  in  remembrance,  and  pray  to  the 
Father  of  mercies  that  I  may  not  be  drawn 
aside  in  the  hour  of  temptation,  so  as  to  cast 
away  the  shield  as  though  it  had  not  been 
anointed  with  oil.     For  truly  can  I  not  say  it 


has  been  at  times  eminently  anointed  even  in 
the  presence  of  my  enemies  ;  and  He  has  given 
me  thankfully  to  acknowledge,  that  He  has 
indeed  spread  a  table  for  me  there. 

<),  I  would  that  I  were  more  faithful ;  more 
steady  ;  more  entirely  dedicated  totheheaven- 
ly  work.  I  surely  believe  that  if  it  were  the 
case,  I  should  more  availingly  experience  my 
light  to  go  forth  as  brightness,  and  my  salva- 
tion as  a  lamp  that  burnetii.  *  *  *  Having 
told  thee  a  little  of  my  weakness,  I  think  I 
have  found  a  degree  of  relief  in  it.  The 
apostle  says,  'confess  your  faults  one  to  an- 
other.' My  faults  are  many  :  and  if  in  seeing 
the  stumbling  footsteps  of  thy  poor  brother, 
thou  canst  find  any  encouragement  to  hold  on 
thy  way,  so  let  it  be.  I  am  sure  there  is  noth- 
ing wanting  on  the  part  of  our  everlasting 
Helper;  but  we,  poor  feeble  ones,  how  un- 
believing we  are  !  How  prone  to  say,  '  Surely 
the  Lord  hath  forsaken  me,  who  shall  deliver 
me  ?'  But  hath  He  not  declared,  '  I  have 
graven  thee  upon  the  palms  of  my  hands;  thy 
walls  are  continually  before  me.'  Then  let 
us,  and  my  poor  soul  in  particular,  be  engaged 
to  renew  our  hope  and  confidence  in  the  un- 
slumberi'ng  Shepherd  of  Israel ;  and  if  hereto- 
fore deficient,  seek  to  have  the  work  revived 
in  the  midst  of  the  years,  and  press  forward 
more  diligently  towards  the  mark  for  the 
prize  of  the  high  calling  of  God  in  Christ 
Jesus.     So  saith  thy  friend  and  brother, 

Wji.  Scattergood." 

(To  be  continued.) 

Ancient  Minutes. 

(Concluded  from  page  99.) 

(i  1070.— Bridgett  Attlee,  of  Horton,  near 
Colebrook,  widow,  being  informed  against  for 
being  at  a  meeting  to  worship  God  in  the 
house  of  Henry  Hawman,  of  Colebrooke,  was 
fined  eight  pounds  and  five  shillings.  The 
eight  pounds  for  part  of  the  fine  upon  the 
house,  and  the  five  shillings  for  her  own  be- 
ing there.  Whereupon,  by  virtue  of  two 
warrants  from  one  called  Sir  George  Tash,of 
Iver,  the  constable,  the  steeple  warden,  and 
the  overseer,  having  one  John  Moor  to  assist, 
them,  did  take  away  from  the  said  widow 
Attlee  two  great  feather  beds  (all  she  had,) 
two  feather  bolsters,  one  coverlet,  one  bed- 
stead, with  various  curtains  and  rods,  one 
drawing  table,  one  cupboard,  a  brass  pot,  a 
platter,' a  candlestick,  a  great  spit,  and  a  great 
iron  dripping  pan :  all  which  goods  were 
worth  at  least  fourteen  pounds." 

«  1678.— John  Stratton,  of  the  parish  of 
Ivanhoe,  for  not  going  to  that  which  is  called 
the  parish  church,  and  receiving  the  Commu- 
nion, as  they  term  it  there,  was  first  excom- 
municated, and,  afterwards,  about  the  begin- 
ning of  the  6th  Month,  by  the  prosecution  of 
Francis  Duncombe,  priest  of  Ivanhoe,  who 
ijot  his  own  son,  Henry  Duncombe,  to  be 
made  a  baliff  on  that  particular  occasion.  So 
this  priest  conveyed  the  Friend  to  the  com- 
mon gaol  at  Ailsbury,  where  he  remained  a 


106 


THE    FRIEND. 


prisoner  (ill  the  10th  day  of  the  month  called 
March,  1681,  when,  finishing  his  testimony 
with  his  life,  he  was  by  death  released,  after 
he  had  suffered  bonds  for  good  conscience' 
sake  about  three  years  and  a  half." 

"  1682. — Joseph  Cooke,  a  poor  labouring 
man,  of  the  parish  of  Edgbc-rough,  being 
prosecuted  by  George  Burrows,  priest  of  that 
parish,  for  being  married  without  a  priest,  or 
not  according  to  the  manner  of  the  Church  of 
England,  was  first  excommunicated  by  the 
pronouncement  of  the  said  priest,  and  after- 
wards was  taken  from  his  wife,  who  is  a  very 
weakly  woman,  having  one  small  child,  and 
was  cast  into  Alisbury  Gaol,  where  he  was 
kept  a  prisoner  three  years  and  five  months, 
and  was  then  released  by  the  King's  procla- 
mation pardon." 

"1083.  — Upon  the  first  day  of  the  5th 
month,  1083,  one  called  Sir  Dennis  Thomp- 
son, of  Taplovv,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  being 
in  the  commission  of  the  peace,  and  captain 
of  the  county  troop,  came  with  a  party  of 
Horse  to  a  meeting  of  friends  peaceably  sit- 
ting together  in  silence;  he  committed  23  of 
the  men  (whose  names  are  given)  to  Ailsbury 
Gaol  for  meeting,  as  he  said,  riotously." 

"  1083.— Upon  the  12th  day  of  the  6th 
month,  Friends  (being  by  officers  kept  out  of 
their  public  meeting-house  in  Sherington), 
did  peaceably  assemble  together,  to  worship 
God  in  their  burying-ground,  adjoining  to 
their  said  meeting-house.  And  being  so  as- 
sembled, Ann  Cunningham,  wife  of  Henry 
Cunningham,  a  Friend,  of  Newport,  Pagnell, 
spoke  a  few  words  amongst  them.  And  there 
being  two  informers  near  the  meeting,  though 
not  so  near  as  to  hear  what  was  spoken,  nor 
to  know  who  it  was  that  spake  but  as  they 
were  told  by  a  girl,  these  evil  men  whose 
names  are  Robert  Wallis,  and  John  Cook, 
both  of  Sherrington,  went  and  informed  one 
Owen  Norton,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  living 
in  Sherrington,  both  of  the  meeting  and  the 
friends  speaking;  whereupon  the  said  Justice 
Norton  fined  Henry  Cunningham  £5  for  his 
being  at  ye  meeting,  and  £8  for  his  wife's 
speaking  there,  and  sent  his  warrant  to  the 
officers  of  Newport  to  levy  the  said  fines  by 
distress. 

"Upon  the  receipt  of  the  warrant  John 
Mash,  Thomas  Burgis,  Thomas  Mobbs,  three 
of  the  town  constables  (the  fourth  utterly 
refusing  to  join  with  them  whatsoever  he 
should  suffer),  with  three  overseers  of  the 
poor,  the  fourth  of  them  refusing  to  act  in  this 
work,  and  Thomas  Main  and  Richard  Potter, 
churchwardens  (so  called),  which  Potter  was 
one  of  the  worst  of  the  company,  and  died 
soon  after;  these  came  to  Henry  Cunning- 
ham's house  and  violently  broke  open  the 
shop  door,  and  having  sacked  and  carried 
awajr  several  sorts  of  shop  goods,  they  also 
took  and  carried  out  of  the  house  a  feather 
bed,  with  all  the  bedding  belonging  thereunto. 
Also  brass  and  pewter,  and  out  of  the  yard 
they  took  two  hogs.  All  of  which  together 
were  valued  to  be  worth  about  £28.  The 
goods  were  carried  to  the  steeple-house,  and 
kept  there  awhile,  but  the  hogs  were  sold  to  a 
sorry  fellow,  one  John  Johnson,  a  bumbailiff, 
for  thirty  shillings,  though  judged  by  one  of 
the  men  that  took  them  to  be  worth  fifty 
shillings.  The  rest  of  the  goods  lay  long  un- 
sold, the  officers  being  very  unwilling  to  sell 
them,  till  at  length,  being  much  threatened 
by  the  said  Justice  Norton,  they  sold  some  of 
the  goods,  and  paid  the  fines,  and  sent  the 


•est  of  the  goods  back  again,  though  not  with- 
out spoil  and  loss." 

"  1084.— Thomas  Oliffe,  of  Aylesbury,  in 
the  county  of  Bucks,  mealman,  having  been 
excommunicated  for  not  receiving  the  Eu- 
charist in  the  parish  church  (so  called),  was 
taken  upon  a  writ  de  excommunicato  capiendo 
from  the  bishop  of  the  diocese,  and  was  im- 
prisoned in  Aylesbury  Gaol,  where  he  con- 
tinued a  prisoner  for  a  full  year  and  a  half, 
until  set  at  liberty  with  seventeen  others  by 
the  king's  proclamation  pardon." 

"  1084. — William  Grimsdale,  of  Peters  Chal- 
font,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  maltster,  having 
had  two-thirds  of  bis  real  estate  seized  for  the 
king  ever  since  the  year  1676,  upon  the  Act 
made  against  Popish  Recusants,  for  not  going 
to  the  Steeple-house  (though  he  is  well  known 
to  be  a  Protestant ),  and  having  been  distrained 
several  times  before  for  four  nobles  a  year 
rent  to  the  king,  had  a  hog  worth  eight-and- 
twenty  shillings  taken  from  him  by  John 
Batchelor,  of  Amersham,  bailiff,  for  four  nobles 
demanded  for  that  .year's  rent." 

"1685. — George  Salter,  of  Hedgerley  Dean, 
in  the  parish  of  Farnham  Royal,  in  the  county 
of  Bucks,  yeoman,  had  taken  from  him,  on 
the  fifteenth  day  of  the  Third  month,  by  John 
Batchelor,  of  Amersham,  bailiff,  of  the  Hun- 
dred of  Burnham,  three  cows,  one  bull,  and 
six  sheep,  worth  in  all  twelve  pounds  and  five 
shillings,  which  the  bailiff  said  was  for  his 
absence  from  the  church." 

"  1693. — Alexander  Merrick,  of  Alisbury, 
in  the  county  of  Bucks,  salesman,  having 
been  presented  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Court  for 
refusing  to  pay  eighteen  pence  demanded  of 
htm  towards  the  repairing  of  the  steeple 
house  in  Alisbury,  and  thereupon  excommu 
nieated,  was  taken  prisoner  upon  the  writ  de 
excommunicato  capiendo,  on  the  seven-and 
twentieth  day  of  the  Ninth  month,  1693,  and 
committed  to  the  County  Gaol,  in  Alisbury, 
where  he  remained  a  prisoner  till  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year  1695,  when  without  his  con 
sent  or  knowledge  one  called  Sir  Thomas  Lee, 
of  Hartwell,  who  was  one  of  the  burgesses 
that  served  in  Parliament  for  the  Borough  of 
Alisbury,  by  paying  some  money,  got  him 
discharged." 

The  following  is  copied  from  an  old  manu- 
script which  has  been  kept  in  the  Monthly 
Meeting  Book:  — 

"  1670. — Thomas  Zaehary,  of  Beaconsfield, 
in  ye  County  of  Bucks,  physician,  was  in- 
formed ag'  by  two  informers  (whose  names 
were  Richard  Avis  and  Ralph  Lacy),  who 
made  oath  before  one  called  Sir  Thomas 
Clayton,  of  Giles  Chalfont,  in  the  County  of 
Bucks,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  that  Thomas 
Zaehary,  and  Rebekab,  his  wife,  were  at  a 
Quakers'  meeting  in  the  barn  of  William 
Russell,  of  Giles  Chalfont  aforesaid,  on  the 
21st  day  of  August,  1670,  and  that  there  was 
at  the  meeting  a  person  that  preached  who 
was  unknown  and  fled.  The  Justice  there- 
upon set  a  fine  upon  Thomas  Zachaiy  of  15s 
for  himself  and  10s.  for  his  wife  (upon  suppo 
sition  y' it  was  their  second  offence  against  tht 
Conventical  Act),  and  also  of  10s.  for  p'  of 
the  fine  for  y°  supposed  preacher,  whereas 
indeed  there  was  no  preacher  at  y'  meeting 
y'  day. 

"And  by  Warrant  bearing  dato  ye  10th 
day  of  September,  1070,  directed  to  the  offi- 
cers of  Beaconsfield,  required  them  to  dis- 
trayne  the  goods  of  y°  s"  T.  Z.  for  the  sd  fines  : 
which  being  done  T.  Z.  finding  himself  there- 


by injured,  for  neither  he  nor  his  wife  were 
at  y'  meeting,  but  were  both  at  London  that 
day,  did,  pursuant  to  a  proviso  in  yc  sd  Con- 
venticle Act,  appeal  from  that  conviction 
made  by  the  sd  Justice  to  the  next  Q.  Sessions 
of  ye  Peace,  to  be  holden  for  ye  sa  County; 
and  having  his  appeal  drawn  up  in  form  of 
law  by  an  attorney,  went  himself  to  present 
it  to  the  Justice.  The  Justice  finding  Thomas 
Zaehary  was  likely  to  escape,  and  his  in- 
formers with  himself  bo  deposed,  took  an 
occasion  to  quarrell  with  him  for  some  words] 
dropt  in  discourse  between  them  ;  and  charg- 
ing him  with  saying  'The  righteous  are  op3 
prest  and  the  wicked  go  unpunished,'  requiredj 
security  of  him  for  his  appearance  at  the  next! 
Q.  Sessions  of  ye  Peace,  and  for  bis  good  be- 
haviour in  the  meantime:  and  upon  his  reJ 
fusing  to  give  such  security  committed  him  t(S 
the  Count}''  Gaol  at  Ailsbury,  by  mittimus 
bearing  date  the  17th  day  of  September,  1670.H 
Tho'  this  was  thought  to  be  done  w'h  desigs 
to  deter  T.  Z.  from  going  on  with  his  appeal,) 
yet  he  being  incouraged  and  assisted  tra 
friends  did  prosecute  it  effectually.  And  at 
the  next  Q.  Sessions  holden  at  Wiccomb  oa 
the  6th  of  October,  1670,  did  prove  by  thl 
oaths  of  four  substantial  citizens  that  both  ha 
and  his  wife  were  in  London  at  y'  day,  fronl 
morning  to  night,  on  which  the  informer  bad] 
sworn  they  were  at  meeting  21  miles  from 
London:  upon  which  plain  and  full  evidence 
they  were  acquitted  by  the  jury.  Notwith- 
standing which  the  fine  laid  upon  T.  Z.  f 
his  own  and  his  wife  being  at  y'  meeting  w 
detained  from  him  ;  and  he,  through  the  pi 
vailing  of  the  sa  Justice  Clayton  with  th 
Bench,  was  continued  prisoner,  and  so  rei 
manded  to  Ailsbury  Gaol.  At  a  following 
Q.  Sessions  y"  sd  Justice  Clayton  caused  tha 
Oath  of  Allegiance  to  be  tendered  him,  ancq 
because  for  conscience'  sake  he  could  no! 
swear,  he  was  continued  prisoner  a  long  time 
after." — Friends'  Quarterly  Examiner. 


I 

he 


Snake  Worship  on  West  Coast  of  Africa.   I 

While  at  Whydah  I  stayed  at  the  Frencffl 
factory,  and  there  I  had  a  rather  unpleasanil 
adventure  on  the  night  of  my  arrival.    It  was 
a  very  close  night,  and   I   was  sleeping  in  M 
grass  hammock  slung  from  the  joists  of  that 
roof,  when    I    was  awakened  by  something 
pressing  heavily  on  my  chest.     I  put  out  my 
hand   and  felt  a  clammy  object.     It  was  a 
snake.     I  sprang  out  of  the  hammock  with, 
more  agility  than  I  have  ever  exhibited  befor 
or  since,  and   turned  up   the  lamp  that  was 
burning  on  the  table.     I  then  discovered  thai 
my  visitor  was  a  python,  from  nine  to  ten  fee: 
in  length,  who  was  making  himself  quite  at 
home,  and  curling  himself  up  under  the  blanke 
in  the  hammock.     I  went  and  called  oi 
my  French  friends  to  borrow  a  stick  or  cut 
lass  with  which  to  slay  the  intruder.     Whei 
I  told  him  what  1  proposed  doing  he  appeared 
exceedingly  alarmed,  and  asked  me  anxiously 
if  I  had   yet  injured  the  reptile  in  any  way  J 
and   said  it  was  without   doubt  one  of  th< 
fetish  snakes  from  the  snake-house,  and  mus 
on  no  account  be  harmed,  and  that  he  wouS 
send  and   tell  the  priests,   who  would  com 
and  take   it  away  in  the  morning.     He  toll 
me  that  a  short  time   back  the  master  of 
merchant-vessel  had  killed  a  python  that  had 
come  into  his  room  at  night,  thinking  he  was 
only  doing  what  was  natural,  and  knowing, 
nothing  of  the  prejudices  of  the  natives,  and.; 


THE    FRIEND. 


107 


had  in  consequence  got  into  a  good  deal  of 
trouble,  baving  been  imprisoned  for  four  or 
five  days,  and  made  to  pay  a  heavy  fine. 

Next  morning  I  went  to  see  the  snake- 
bouse.  It  is  a  circular  but,  with  a  conical 
roof  made  of  palm-branches,  and  contained  at 
that  time  from  200  to  250  snakes.  They  were 
all  pythons,  and  of  all  sizes  and  ages  ;  the  joists 
and  sticks  supporting  the  roof  were  completely 
covered  with  them,  and  looking  upwards,  one 
Baw  a  vast  writhing  and  undulating  mass  of 
serpents.  Several  in  a  state  of  torpor,  digest- 
ng  their  last  meal,  were  lying  on  the  ground  ; 
and  all  seemed  perfectly  tame,  as  they  per- 
mitted the  officiating  priest  to  pull  them  about 
with  very  little  ceremony. 

Ophiolotry  takes  precedence  of  all  other 
forms  of  Daboman  religion,  and  its  priests 
and  followers  are  most  numerous.  The  python 
.8  regarded  as  the  emblem  of  bliss  and  pro- 
pority,  and  to  kill  one  of  these  sacred  boas 
5,  strictly  speaking,  a  capital  offence,  though 
now  the  full  penalty  of  the  crime  is  seldom 
inflicted. — Land  of  the  Fetish. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

TRUST    IN    THE    LORD. 

It  is  one  of  the  many  privileges  of  those 
who  are  honestly  endeavoring  to  serve  their 
Heavenly  Father,  that  in  times  of  perplexity 
and  danger,  they  can  appeal  to  Him  for  guid- 
ance and  help  ;  and  they  are  often  favored  at 
such  times  with  a  degree  of  confidence  in  the 
Lord,  which  calms  the  mind  and  frees  it  from 
that  timidity  or  those  anxious  forebodings 
which  would  naturally  arise. 

John  Churchman  relates,  that  when  he  was 
about  eight  years  old,  his  father  sent  him 
about  three  miles  from  home  on  an  errand. 
He  says:  "On  my  return,  the  colt  which  ac- 
companied the  mare  I  rode,  ran  away  to  a 
company  of  wild  horses,  which  were  feeding 
not  far  from  the  path  I  was  in.  My  father 
bid  me  go  back  to  the  place  with  speed,  that 
it  might  follow  the  mare  home.  I  went,  and 
found  the  horses  feeding  on  a  piece  of  ground 
where  the  timber  trees  had  been  killed  per- 
haps about  two  or  three  years.  Before  I 
went  among  the  dead  trees,  a  mighty  wind 
arose,  which  blew  some  down,  and  many  limbs 
flew  about.  I  stood  still  with  my  mind  turned 
inward  to  the  Lord,  who  I  believed  was  able 
to  preserve  me  from  hurt;  and  passed  among 
the  trees  without  fear,  save  the  fear  of  the 
Lord,  which  fills  the  hearts  of  his  humble,  de- 
pending children  with  love  that  is  stronger 
than  death.  I  found  the  colt,  and  returned 
home  with  great  bowedncss  of  heart  and 
thankfulness  to  the  Lord,  for  his  mercy  and 
goodness  to  me." 

Some  years  ago,  a  citizen  of  Western  North 
Carolina,  who  was  called  "Old  David,"  was 
travelling  along  the  borders  of  Missouri  and 
Nevada,  at  that  time  but  thinly  peopled,  and 
infested  with  highway  robbers.  He  was  urged 
by  his  neighbors  to  procure  a  couple  of  re- 
volvers to  protect  himself,  but  he  declined 
and  went  on  bis  perilous  journey,  trusting  to 
the  Lord  for  protection.  He  had  passed  some 
dangerous  places  on  the  northern  border  of 
Missouri,  and  was  ncaring  the  resort  of  one 
of  the  most  formidable  of  the  marauding 
gangs,  headed  b}T  a  notorious  desperado  named 
Stevens,  when  he  met  a  man  heavily  armed. 
The  first  question  he  propounded  to  Old  David 
was,    "Are   you   armed?"     "Yes,"   was  the 


aged  Christian's  reply,  as  he  produced  a 
pocket  Bible.  The  man  laughed  outright  at 
what  he  considered  the  old  man's  folly,  and 
with  considerable  ridicule  in  his  tone,  re- 
marked, "If  that  is  all  the  weapon  you  have, 
you  had  better  be  saying  your  prayers.  The 
dun  of  Jim  Stevens  is  about  ten  miles  further 
on,  just  where  you  will  get  by  night,  and  he 
cares  as  little  for  bibles  as  a  rattlesnake." 
They  exchanged  names,  and  each  went  his 
own  way. 

Night  had  thrown  her  dark  mantle  around 
the  earth,  and  the  chilling  blasts  had  begun 
to  pierce  the  somewhat  feeble  frame  of  Old 
David,  when  he  descried  a  light  far  down  in 
a  glen  a  short  distance  from  the  road.  He 
was  sure  that  it  proceeded  from  a  robber-den, 
but  he  must  have  shelter,  and  impelled  by 
almost  boundless  faith,  he  directed  his  course 
thither.  He  halted  when  within  a  few  paces 
of  the  door,  and,  being  coarsely  greeted  by 
some  uncouth,  mean-looking  men,  was  invited 
to  alight.  When  he  entered  the  humble  babi- 
tion  he  saw  significant  looks  pass  between  the 
inmates,  and  each  chuckled  to  himself;  and  he 
knew  that  he  was  among  a  desperate,  relent- 
less, and  murderous  clan  of  banditti.  Noth- 
ing daunted,  he  occupied  the  proffered  seat. 
Having  partaken  of  a  rough  meal,  which  they 
furnished  him  at  his  request,  be  began  con- 
versation, which  was  continued  till  far  in  the 
night,  when  it  was  interrupted  by  the  return 
of  the  captain,  Jim  Stevens,  and  a  couple 
of  his  comrades  in  crime,  from  a  plundering 
raid.  Stevens  advancing  within  a  few  feet 
of  him,  asked  jeeringly,  "  <  >ld  man,  aren't  you 
afraid  to  travel  in  this  section  among  the 
robbers,  alone  and  unarmed?"  "No,"  was 
Old  David's  bold  and  fearless  reply,  as  he 
again  produced  bis  Bible,  continuing:  "This 
is  my  weapon  of  defence.  I  always  read  a 
chapter  before  I  retire.  I  know  you  are  rob- 
bers, but  I  shall  read  and  pray  here  to-night, 
and  you  must  join  with  me."  The  roof  of  the 
shabby  hut  shook  with  loud,  taunting  peals 
of  laughter  at  this  expression  of  the  old  man  ; 
but  nothing  dismayed,  he  began.  Gradually 
all  became  silent.  When  he  had  finished,  he 
was  conducted  to  a  hard  pallet,  where  he  slept 
the  live-long  night  undisturbed,  and  even  free 
from  haunting  fears.  When  he  arose  in  the 
morning,  his  hosts  refused  to  receive  aught 
for  his  entertainment  during  the  night,  and, 
instead,  cordially  thanked  him  for  the  interest 
he  had  manifested  in  their  behalf. 

At  the  next  settlement  he  learned  of  the 
death  of  the  man  that  ho  had  met  on  the  road, 
who  ridiculed  his  Bible  as  a  weapon  of  de- 
fence. Old  David  prosecuted  his  journey 
successfully,  and  returned  home  safely. 

The  experience  of  "  Old  David"  brings  to 
remembrance  a  somewhat  similar  instance, 
recorded  in  the  journal  of  Stephen  Grellet,  in 
which  the  peril  encountered  was  made  a 
means  in  the  Divine  Hand  of  awakening  a 
worldly-minded  man  from  the  sleep  of  sin. 
The  narrative  is  as  follows: — 

"A.  E.  Kothen,  a  Swede,  became  a  serious 
character,  a  few  years  ago,  through  a  remark- 
able deliverance  from  the  hands  of  wicked 
men.  He  was  going  from  Stockholm  to  Abo, 
in  Finland,  when  he  found  that  the  boat  in 
which  he  bad  taken  passage  belonged  to 
pirates.  Whilst  they  were  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia,  he  heard  them  consult  in  the  Finnish 
language  (which  they  thought  he  did  not  un- 
derstand) on  the  best  expedient  of  taking 
possession  of  his  property,  and  some  proposed 


to  throw  him  overboard.  Hitherto  he  had 
lived  without  much  concern  about  religion, 
as  a  man  of  the  world,  out  of  the  fear  of  God, 
and  a  stranger  to  Christ  the  sure  refuge  in 
trouble.  Now,  he  remembered  God,  and,  as 
he  told  me,  perhaps  for  the  first  time  in  his 
life,  he  put  up  a  prayer  unto  Him,  believing 
He  could  deliver  him  from  the  threatening 
danger. 

The  pirates  finally  concluded  to  take  him 
to  a  small  rocky  island  that  served  them  for 
a  retreat.  Through  some  erroneous  impres- 
sion they  had  received,  they  presented  him 
to  an  old  woman,  their  mother,  as  they  called 
her,  as  a  preacher.  She,  in  the  midst  of  such 
a  life,  connected  with  men  so  dissolute,  yet 
retaining  some  of  the  religious  impressions  of 
earlier  days,  answered,  'Thank  you,  my  sons, 
to-morrow  is  the  Sabbath  and  we  shall  have 
a  sermon,  which  I  have  not  heard  for  several 
years.'  Poor  Kothen  felt  much  tried  at  the 
expectation  thus  raised  respecting  him.  Fears 
[tor  bis  life,  deterred  him  from  undeceiving 
jthese  people;  yet  he  felt  himself  utterly  un- 
able to  answer  their  expectation.  He  spent 
the  night  in  great  anxiety,  which  was  in- 
creased by  several  more  pirates  coming  into 
the  cave. 

In  the  morning  they  made  preparations  for 
the  meeting,  put  on  their  best  clothes,  &C, 
whilst  poor  Kothen  could  not  command  his 
thoughts,  nor  was  able  to  think  of  anything 
to  communicate  to  the  people.  When  called 
upon  to  come  in  and  begin  the  worship,  he 
went  into  the  cave,  as  if  going  to  death. 
Soon,  however,  his  mind  was  drawn  to  feel 
the  all-sufficiency  of  the  blessed  Bedeemer;  he 
supplicated  in  bis  name,  that  the  Lord  would 
help  him,  and  his  soul  was  contrited  under  a 
sense  of  His  love  towards  him,  a  poor,  sinful, 
fallen  man,  as  he  felt  himself  to  be.  He 
felt  also  the  same  love  and  offers  of  Divine 
; mercy,  extended  towards  those  poor  people, 
under  a  sense  of  which  he  was  melted  into 
tears;  he  set  before  them  their  sinful  condi- 
tion, the  depravity  of  tho  human  heart,  and 
'  the  awful  consequences  of  living  and  dying  in 
that  state;  then  he  directed  them  to  Christ, 
the  friend  and  Saviour  of  sinners. 
|  As  he  went  on  speaking  to  them,  he  was 
,the  more  affected,  as  he  felt  the  sinful  state 
of  his  own  heart,  and  the  hope  that  was  now 
set  before  him  also  through  sincere  repent- 
ance and  faith  in  Christ,  tho  Lord.  Those 
poor  people  were  most  of  them  broken  into 
tears  ;  the  old  woman,  after  the  meeting,  took 
him  in  her  arms  with  motherly  affection,  and 
directed  a  boat  to  be  read}'  to  take  him  and 
all  his  baggage  to  Abo.  The  sense  of  this 
merciful  deliverance  and  display  of  redeeming 
love  and  power,  made  such  an  impression  on 
Kothen  that,  to  this  time,  through  Divine 
grace  helping,  he  endeavors  to  keep  the  cov- 
enant into  which  he  then  entered,  with  God 
his  Saviour." 

The  editor  of  tho  Earnest  Christian  men- 
tions meeting  with  a  friend  who  had  been  an 
active,  stirring  man,  but  who  had  lost  one 
foot  and  part  of  the  other,  and  was  then  on 
his  way  to  a  place  where  he  could  be  pro- 
vided with  artificial  limbs.  He  had  gone  to 
see  him  with  some  anxiety  as  to  bow  the  mis- 
fortune was  being  endured.  But  the  greeting 
of  the  patient  was  cordial  and  pleasant,  and 
his  tone  full  of  peace  and  joy.  During  a  two 
hours'  visit,  he  conversed  not  on  the  affliction 
but  the  blessings  that  had  come  from  this 
visitation  of  Providence — though   he  was  in 


108 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  prime  of  life  and  had  a  family  to  support. 
Faith  in  the  goodness  and  care  of  a  Heavenly 
Father  was  sufficient  to  keep  the  mind  quiet 
and  peaceful. 

G.  M.  Howe  relates  the  following  incident, 
which  he  heard  from  the  lips  of  an  eye  wit- 
ness. 

Some  years  ago,  while  travelling  upon  a 
steamer  on  one  of  the  Southern  rivers,  the 
captain  stopped  at  a  landing  to  receive  a  score 
or  more  of  slaves  who  were  to  be  shipped 
down  the  river.  When  the  poor,  frightened 
creatures  were  all  gathered  upon  the  deck  the 
captain  opened  a  trap  door  and  ordered  them 
all  to  descend.  The  less  timid  ones  at  once 
obeyed,  but  presently  a  middle  aged  negress 
was  led  to  the  ladder  and  told  to  follow  her 
companions  below.  She  gazed  shrinkingly 
for  a  moment  down  into  the  darkness,  and 
then  starting  back  exclaimed,  "  Oh,  massa,  I 
can't  go  down  there,  it's  so  dark  !"  The  more 
they  urged  her  to  descend  the  more  reluctant 
she  seemed  to  be  to  go.  And  to  their  solici- 
tations, commands  and  threats  would  reply, 
"  I  can't  go,  it's  so  dark  down  there."  So 
genuine  was  her  grief  and  fear  that  many 
hearts  were  touched  with  sympathy  for  her. 
After  standing  with  her  hands  folded  meekly 
over  her  breast  for  a  few  minutes,  her  lips 
moving  as  if  in  prayer,  she  looked  up  and  said 
"  Yes,  I'll  go  ;  there  is  no  place  too  dark  for 
the  Lord  Jesus,"  and  suiting  the  action  to  the 
words  she  stepped  cheerfully  down  the  ladder 
into  the  dense  darkness. 

Somewhere  this  poor  slave  woman  had 
learned  to  love  and  trust  the  blessed  Saviour, 
and  when  her  faith  in  Him  had  gained  the 
mastery  over  her  physical  fear,  a  sweet  calm 
filled  her  troubled  heart,  and  she  was  willing 
to  go  anywhere,  even  into  this  dark  hold  of 
the  steamer  that  was  to  bear  her  far  away 
from  all  she  held  dear  in  life,  because  she  felt 
that  Jesus  would  be  present  with  her. 

Caleb  Pennock,  William  Jackson. — "Caleb 
Pcnnock  was  much  grieved  at  the  departure 
from  primitive  plainness,  and  ancient  sim- 
plicity in  dress  and  furniture  among  the 
members  of  our  religious  Society  ;  which,  be- 
ginning in  the  cities,  spread  abroad  in  the 
country.  He  feared  that  by  unfaithfulness  to 
what  had  been  given  us  in  charge,  we  might 
aid  in  drawing  down  a  judgment  upon  our 
heads.  He  said  he  felt  so  discourged  at  times, 
with  seeing  innovations  among  Friends,  that 
he  was  ceady  to  wish  with  the  prophet  for  a 
hiding  place  ;  beholding  with  sorrow,  a  back- 
sliding into  many  things  that  our  predeces- 
sors had  to  renounce  through  great  sufferings, 
and  whoso  blood  may  be  required  at  our 
hands  if  wo  let  their  testimonies  fall." 

"As  William  Jackson  bore  a  faithful  testi- 
mony in  his  own  practice  in  favor  of  plain- 
ness in  dress  and  the  furniture  of  his  house, 
so  he  was  frequently  concerned  to  recommend 
it  to  others;  being  often  deeply  pained  with 
the  departure  of  many  among  us,  from  primi- 
tive simplicity." — Memorials,  p.  55. 


it  is  not  often  that  a  distinguished  scien- 
tific atheist  who  has  found  that  ho  was  in  the 
wrong,  makes  his  recantation  so  candidly  and 
so  publicly  as  has  done  Professor  Hegard,  of 
tho  University  of  Copenhagen,  Denmark. 
Professor  Hegard  was  the  leader  of  scientific 
atheism  in  his  country ;  but  recent  events  have 
broken  down  his  infidelity,  and  now,  accord- 
ing to  a  Continental  journal,  he  has  issued 


this  notice,  in  the  introduction  of  a  new  edi 
tion  of  one  of  his  works,  with  reference  to  his 
change  of  belief.  "  Full  of  faith,"  he  says, 
"in  the  sufficiency  of  science,  I  thought  to 
have  found  in  it  a  sure  refuge  from  all  the 
contingencies  of  life.  This  illusion  is  gone  ; 
when  the  tempest  came  which  plunged  me  in 
sorrow,  the  moorings,  the  cable  of  science, 
broke  like  thread.  Then  I  seized  upon  that 
help  which  many  before  me  have  laid  hold  of, 
I  sought  and  found  peace  in  God.  Since  then 
I  have  certainly  not  abandoned  science,  but 
I  have  assigned   to   it  another  place  in  my 


BE  IN  TIME. 


Ee  in  time  for  every  call ; 
If  yon  can,  be  first  of  all  : 

Be  in  time. 
If  your  teachers  only  find 
You  are  never  once  behind, 
But  are,  like  the  dial,  true, 
They  will  always  trust  to  you  : 

Be  in  time. 

Never  linger  ere  you  start ; 
Set  out  with  a  willing  heart : 

Be  in  time. 
In  the  morning  up  and  on, 
First  to  work,  and  soonest  done  : 
This  is  how  the  goal's  attained  ; 
This  is  how  the  prize  is  gained  : 

Be  in  time. 

Those  who  aim  at  something  great 
Never  yet  were  found  too  late  : 

Be  in  time. 
Life  with  all  is  but  a  school  ; 
We  must  work  by  plan  and  rule, 
With  some  noble  end  in  view, 
Ever  steady,  earnest,  true: 

Be  in  time. 

Listen,  then,  to  wisdom's  call — 
Knowledge  now  is  free  to  all : 

Be  in  time. 
Youth  must  daily  toil  and  strive, 
Treasure  for  the  future  hive; 
For  the  work  they  have  to  do, 
Keep  this  motto  still  in  view  : 

Be  in  time. 


THE  CHRYSALIS. 

Its  little  body  round  about  it  wound 

With  silken  thread  on  thread, 
And  lay  at  last  upon  the  sodden  ground, 
The  rustling  leaves  for  cover  to  its  bed — 

Russet  and  brown  and  red. 

Dawns  broke  in  storm  ;  the  early-falling  eves 

Wore  heavy  cowls  of  gray; 
And  in  such  numbers  fell  the  painted  leaves, 
One  might  have  searched  amongst  them  many  a  day 

Nor  found  it  where  it  lay. 

And  was  that  all  ?     Nay,  once,  when  everywhere 

Men  mourned  the  summer  done, 
A  beautiful  inhabitant  of  air 
Came  fluttering  out  for  the  pale  autumn  sun 

To  shed  his  beams  upon  ! 

A  winged  tiling,  sprinkled  with  dust  of  gold! 

That  which  had  seemed  to  die 
When  silken  filaments  did  but  enfold 
A  worm,  behold,  was  here  beneath  the  sky, 

A  yellow  butterfly  ! 

Oh,  emblem  always  of  the  spirit's  birth  ! 

Out  of  the  grave's  dark  night- 
Riven  the  close  enshrouding  bonds  of  earth — 
Winged  with  immortal  freedom— going  forth 

Full  into  heaven's  light. 

— Clara  Doty  Sates. 


Thou  canst  not  change  one  little  drop 
That  heaven  hath  mixed  for  thee; 

However  bitter  be  the  cup, 
It  may  thy  healing  be; 

And  in  its  dregs  thy  sweetest  hope, 
Thy  soul  at  last  may  Bee. 


Selected  for  "  The  Friend." 

Biographical  Sketches  for  the  Young, 

Intended  to  show  the  superiority  of  the  religion 
of  the  Cross  to  all  other  attainments. — J. 
Hekvey. 

When  great  talents  and  learning  are,  from 
pure  motives  and  in  true  humility,  conse- 
crated to  the  service  of  truth  and  religion, 
they  become  acceptable  offerings  in  the  Divine 
sight,  and  often  eminently  promote  the  good 
of  mankind.  But  when  we  misapply  these 
qualifications,  make  them  subservient  to  pride 
and  vanity,  or  attribute  to  them  an  efficacy 
in  producing  virtue  and  happiness  that  does 
not  belong  to  their  nature  ;  they  occasion  us 
to  consume  our  time  in  earnestly  doing  noth- 
ing, or  that  which  is  worse  than  nothing,  and 
lay  the  foundation  for  bitter  regret  in  the 
winding  up  of  life. 

The  worth  and  importance  of  those  ad- 
vantages are  lamentably  overrated,  if  our  esti- 
mation is  so  high,  and  pursuit  so  earnest,  as 
to  dispose  us  to  undervalue,  to  postpone  or 
disregard,  that  most  interesting  injunction  of 
our  Lord  :  "Seek  ye  first  (early,  and  in  prefer- 
ence to  all  things)  the  kingdom  of  God,  and 
his  righteousness;"  remembering  that  this  is 
"  the  one  thing  needful." 

Whilst  the  mind  is  occupied  with  the  vanity 
and  intricacy  of  speculation  and  literary  en- 
gagements, and  the  heart  elated  with  the  flatter- 
ing distinctions  which  they  produce,  we  may 
not  be  sufficient^  aware  of  the  tendency  to 
that  fatal  effect.  When  the  close  of  the  day 
approaches,  and  the  retrospect  of  life  is  made, 
— we  shall  form  a  true  estimate  of  the  worth 
of  all  sublunary  attainments  and  possessions. 
We  shall  then  perceive  that,  to  have  our  con- 
versation in  the  world  with  simplicity  and 
godly  sincerity;  to  receive  the  kingdom  of 
heaven  as  a  little  child;  and  to  secure  au  in- 
corruptible inheritance;  are  things  of  infi- 
nitely greater  moment  than  all  the  accom- 
plishments of  mind  and  bodj'  that  this  world 
can  possibly  bestow. 

J.  Hervey,  when  on  a  bed  of  sickness, 
wrote  thus  to  an  intimate  friend:  —  "My 
health  is  continually  upon  the  decline,  and 
the  springs  of  life  are  all  relaxing.  My  age 
is  removed  and  departed  from  me  like  a  shep- 
herd's tent.  Medicine  is  baffled,  and  my 
physician,  who  is  a  dear  friend  to  his  patient, 
and  lover  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  pities  but  cannot 
succor  me;  now,  that  I  apprehend  myself 
near  the  close  of  life,  and  stand,  as  it  were,  on 
the  brink  of  the  grave,  with  eternitj-  full  in 
my  view,  perhaps  my  dear  friend  would  bo 
willing  to  know  my  sentiments  in  the  solemn 
situation.  At  such  a  juncture,  the  mind  is 
most  unprejudiced,  and  tho  judgment  not  so 
liable  to  be  dazzled  by  the  glitter  of  worldly 
objects.  '  I  have  been  too  fond  of  reading 
every  thing  valuable  and  elegant  that  lias 
been  penned  in  our  language;  and  have  been 
peculiarly  charmed  with  the  histories,  orators 
and  poets  of  antiquity;  but  were  1  to  renew 
ray  studies,  I  would  take  leave  of  those  ac- 
complished trifles;  I  would  resign  the  delights 
of  modern  wits,  amusements  and  eloquence, 
and  devote  my  attention  to  the  Scriptures  of 
truth.  1  would  sit  with  much  greator  assi- 
duity at  my  Divine  Master's  foot,  and  desire 
Id  know  nothing  but  Jesus  Christ  and  Him 
c-rueified.'  " 


The  excesses  of  our  youth  are  drafts  upon 
our  old  age,  payable  with  interest,  about  thirty 
years  after  date. 


THE    FRIEND. 


Trust  and  Benevolence. — "  When  I  look 
■among  the  professors  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ, 
there  are  few  things  I  see  a  more  general 
want  of,  than  such  a  trust  in  God  as  to  tem- 
porals, and  such  a  sense  of  the  honor  of  being 
permitted  to  relieve  the  necessities  of  his 
people,  as  might  dispose  them  to  a  more 
liberal  distribution  of  what  they  have  at 
present  in  their  power,  and  to  a  reliance  on 
Him  for  a  sufficient  supply  in  future.  Some 
exceptions  there  are.  Some  persons  I  have 
the  happiness  to  know,  whose  chief  pleasure 
ft  seems  to  be,  to  devise  liberal  things.  For 
the  most  part,  we  take  care  first,  to  be  well 
supplied,  if  possible,  with  all  the  necessities, 
conveniences,  and  not  a  few  of  the  elegancies 
of  life  ;  then  to  have  a  snug  fund  laid  up 
against  a  rainy  day,  as  the  phrase  is,  (if  this 
''  '  1  an  increasing  way,  so  much  the  better,) 
that  when  we  look  at  children  and  near  rela- 
tives, we  may  say  to  our  hearts,  '  Now  they 
are  well  provided  for.'  And  when  we  have 
gotten  all  this,  and  more,  we  are,  perhaps, 
son  tent,  for  the  love  of  Christ,  to  bestow  a 
pittance  of  our  superfluities,  a  tenth  or  twen- 
tieth part  of  what  we  spend  or  hoard  up  for 
ourselves,  upon  the  poor.  But  alas!  what  do 
fire  herein  more  than  others?  Multitudes, 
frho  know  nothing  of  the  love  of  Christ,  will 
lo  thus  much,  yea,  perhaps,  greatly  exceed 
is,  from  the  mere  feelings  of  humanity." — 
Tohn  Newton. 


109 


other  until  no  other  bid  is  made  before  the 
candle  goes  out,  in  which  case  the  last,  and 
of  course  highest,  bidder  becomes  the  owner 
of  _  the  estate.  As  late  as  the  beginning  of 
this  century  every  person  who  overbid  "an- 
other while  the  candle  was  still  burning, 
thereby  putting  up  the  price,  received  a  grati- 
fication of  a  so-called  "fine  third,"  equal  to 
about  two  marks.  Frequently  some  porter 
or  errand  men  would  come  in  and  bid  in  order 
to  turn  an  honest  penny  by  going  for  the 
"fine  third,"  although  they  ran  the  risk  of 
some  weeks'  imprisonment  if  by  chance  the 
candle  went  out  and  they  thus  remained  the 
'ast  bidders,  without  being  able  to  pay  for 
the  property  knocked  down  to  them  on  that 
account.  At  the  moment  when  one  bidder 
has  silenced  a  competitor,  all  eyes  turn  to 
the  bit  of  candle  in  the  lantern,  which  grows 
smaller  and  smaller;  hardly  a  breath  is  drawn  ; 
the  company  look  as  if  they  were  petrified. 
Suddenly  there  comes  another  bid,  another 
candle  is  lighted,  and  the  process  is  repeated 
until  finally  the  extinction  of  a  candle  has 
fastened  the  sale  upon  the  last  bidder.  This 
custom  of  the  "burning  candle"  may  justly 
be  termed  one  of  the  traditional  peculiarities 
of  Bremen. 


at  the  edges,  and  was  covered  with  soil  four 
or  five  inches  deep,  bearing  a  luxuriant  crop 
of  grass.  It  was  kept  afloat  by  an  underlying 
mass  of  matted  rushes,  canes  and  succulent 
grass,  from  three  to  four  feet  thick.  This 
island  was  larger  and  more  substantial  than 
most,  but  all  break  up  very  rapidly  in  the 
storms  which  occasionally  vex  the  placid  wa- 
ters of  the  lagoon."— Land  of  the  Fetish. 

Oil  on  the  Troubled  Waters.— Pouring  oil  on 
the  troubled  waters  proved  highly  efficacious 
with  many  vessels  of  the  Gloucester  fleet  dur- 
ing the  recent  heavy  gales,  and  probably  saved 
many  of  them  from  being  badly  damaged,  if 
not  entirely  wrecked  by  the  terrible  seas.  The 
effect  is  almost  magical,  as  the  oil  dripping 
into  the  water  prevents  the  sea  from  break- 
ing, and  the  vessel  is  enabled  to  ride  safely  on 
top  of  the  waves.  Hereafter  it  will  be  more 
generally  used,  and  every  vessel  should  be 
provided  with  a  liberal  allowance  of  fish  oil 
for  this  purpose.—  Cape  Ann  Advertiser 

Temperature  in  Tunnels.— In  the  St.  Goth- 
ard  Tunnel  the  temperature  often  rises  to 
nearly  99°  F.  In  tho  proposed  Mount  Blanc 
Tunnel  it  will  probably  be  about  120°  F.,  and 
in  the  Simplon  Tunnel,  if  the  trace  projected 
in  the  year  1877,  which  passes  through'Mont 
Leone,  were  adopted,  might  be  about  118°  F. 


Joi. 


Feeding  the  Dead.— A.  B.  Ellis  states  that 
,be  natives  along  the  Old  Calabar  River,  on 
,he  West  Coast  of  Africa,  believe  that  after 
leath,  the  deceased  has  some  of  the  same 
vants  and  suffers  from  some  of  the  same 
)odily  ailments  as  during  life.  From  this 
lomes  a  curious  local  custom,  called  "  Feeding- 
he  dead."  When  they  bury  their  dead,  the 
•elatives,  before  the  earth  is  filled  into  the 
rrave,  place  into  the  mouth  of  the  deceased, 
i  tube  formed  of  bamboo,  or  pithy  wood  with 
be  pith  extracted,  and  sufficiently  long  to 
irotrude  above  the  earth  heaped  up  over~the 
ody.  Down  this  they  pour,  from  time  to 
ime,  palm  wine,  water,  palm  oil,  &c. 

Sometimes  very  filial  natives  will  go  to  the 
octor  of  a  steamer,  and  simulate  the  com-  gao-ed  to  uphold  tl 
hunt  from  which  their  parent  suffered,  in  P 
rder-  that  they  may  obtain  the  requisite 
ledicinc  to  pour  down  the  grave.  One  day 
lad,  son  of  a  late  chief,  came  to  the  resident 
octor  of  the  river,  and  asked  for  medicine 
>r  his  foot,  which  he  said  was  badly  swollen. 
!be  doctor  examined  bis  foot,  and  finding  it 
erfectly  sound  and  healthy,  reproved  hirnfor 
slling  a  lie;  when  the  lad  explained  that  it 
ras  his  father's  foot,  for  which  he  needed  the 
jmedy;  that  he  had  been  buried  about  three 
lonths,  and  had  had  no  medicine  in  all  that 
me,  so  that  his  foot  must  be  "plenty  sick 
|w."    His  request  was  refused. 


Second  month  4th,  1847.-"  In  the  mectingllt  isnow  proposed,  however,  to  adopt  another 
xor  discipline  of  Abington Quarterly  Meeting,  |line  of  operation,  which,  though  it  would  be 
I  was .enab led  to  mvte  the  young  men  to  be  a  curve  and  would  make'  the  tunnel  consider! 


for  discipline  of  Abington  Quarterly 
I  was  enabled   to  invite  the  young  l 


ist,  and  they  would  feel  themselves  bound! several  important   advantages  "as  compared 

l  GosiTheid  t  ft:  r1  r1"10111-  °vvith  v^W  »•*■  ** » ^™^  2zz 

I,,101  fy     ,        dn'  w*lereTer  t^y  normal  temperature  of  the  tunnel  on  this  line 

wen  both  great  and  small.  Hereby  they  would  not  exceed  95°  F.,  and  as  the  nature  of 
would  be  prepared  for  service  in  the  church  Jthe  ground  would  admit  of  thj  si  kino  two 
and  be  constrained  in  our  meetings  for  dis-  'shafts,  the  temperature  might  be  con  iderabl? 
cipline,  to  speak  a  word   in  the  authority  of  reduced  °  consiueiaoty 

Truth,  at  the  Master's  bidding,  to  the  busi-  Drying  up  the  Zuyder  Zee  -The  question  of 
ness  before  then-  meetings.     They  would  feel  drying  up  the  Zuvder  Zee  is  LhZ  fc  rveh 

ana  to  stand   tor  the  blessed  cause,  entrusted  of  Eii"-' 


uphold 

Fvans. 
month  6th,  1847. 


-,!  engineers  purposes  holding  shortly  a  pub- 
die  meeting  of  their  body  at  Amsterdam,  to 
[thoroughly  examine  the  scheme  for  carrying 


and 
the 


r, .event  .  month  bth,  1847.-"  Attended  the 'out  this  idea  by  connecting  by  strong  dyk 
cS&y\vwTT    vd    ^rt   (a°rth>»  tho  islands-that  form  if,  outer  fringe 
™  It  ■>}   "   M  Se*,nS)  T  Wh,Ch  *  WaS  6n    8°  P^nently  excluding  all  inflow  from  t 
gaged  to  uphold  the  importance  of  maintain-  North  Sea 

ing  our  testimony  to  the  spiritual  nature  of  i  A  Substitute  for  Coffee—The  kola  nut  Iarze 
D.vme  worship  under  the  Gospel  dispensation,  ly  „sed  in  tropical  Africa  to  make  an  i,  v  "o 
It  requires  devotedness  to  the  Truth,  and  a 'rating  beverage,  was  subjected  some  month 
willingness  to  endure  mortification  before  the  ago  to  careful  analyses,  Vl  is  found  to  b 
people  at  t.mes,  in  a  steadfast  waiting  for  the  richer  in  caffeine  than  the  best  coffee  whil, 
Master  shfe-giv.ng  presence;  not  daring  to 'containing  also  the  same  active  princ  n  e  v 
put  forth  a  hand  to  any  work,  until  He  ap-!0acao.  pnncrpie  a, 


ears  and  gives  strength  and  authority  for  it 
If  this  precious  testimony,  by  which  we  are 
much  distinguished  from  other  denomina- 
tions, is  not  preserved,  the  Society  must  so 
down."— Ibid. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Floating  Islands.—11  In  the  Lagoon  between 
Badagry  and  Porto  Novo,  on  the  west  coast 
of  Africa,  are  a  large  number  of  floating  grass 
islands.  Some  of  them  havesufficient  stability 
to  admit  of  persons  walking  about  on  them. 
They  impede  navigation  a" good  deal,  as  no 
steamer  could  force  its  way  through  them, 
and  detours  have  to  be  made  to  avoid  them! 
When  disembarking  from  the  steamer  at 
Porto  Novo,  I  landed  on  one  of  these  islands 


Quaint  Auction  Scenes  in  Bremen. — The  good 
remeners  adhere  to  the  ancient  custom  of 
le  so-called  "  burning-candle,"  by  the  light 
'  which  all  peremptory  sales  of  real  estate 
ike  place  to  this  day,  as  may  be  seen  every 
Jixth-day]  in  a  hall  over  the  old  Exchange, 
t  one  end  of  a  long  table  is  seated  a  judge 
id  a  scribe,  at  the  other  stands  the  city 
ier,  and  by  his  side  a  Council  messenger  in 
lining  red  dress,  holding  a  stable  lantern. 

l  his  hand  he  has  a  box  filled  with  ends  oflabout  two  acres  in  extent,  and  walked  across 
nail  candles  that  can  burn  but  a  few  minutes,  it,  sen-'" 
id  of  which  he  has  to  light  one  after  theUide. 


Possible  danger  in  the  use  of  canned  goods.— 
In  the  absence  of  air,  vegetable  acids  have 
little  effect  on  tin  ;  but  when  such  acids  are 
placed  in  ordinary  tin  cans  which  are  left 
open,  the  tinning  is  rapidly  dissolved.  The 
principal  danger  of  metallic  poisoning  from 
canned  goods  is  due  to  lead.  This  may  be 
derived  from  the  solder  or  from  the  tin  plate, 
the  inferior  grades  of  which  contain  a  portion 
of  lead.  In  purchasingcans  for  home  canning, 
select  such  as  are  made  of  bright  tin,  and 
carefully  made,  so  as  not  to  expose  much  sur- 
ace  of  solder  to  the  action  of  the  contents  of 
the  can.  When  a  can  is  opened  it  should  al- 
ways bo  emptied  at  once,  and  not  beset  aside 
half-full.  Cans  that  have  been  kept  for  two 
or  three  years  are  more  apt  to  be  eroded  than 
those  which  have  only  been  put  up  for  a 
few  months.     When   the  inner  surface  of 


ding  the   boat  round   to  the  opposite  can    or  of  its  cover,  is  found  on   opening  to 
It  seemed  quite  firm  underfoot,  except 'be  corroded,  or  to  present  a  crystalline  strue- 


110 


THE    FRIEND. 


ture,  the  contents  should  be  regarded  with 
suspicion.  Independently  of  metallic  poison- 
ing, the  provisions  canned,  especially  in  the 
case  of  meats,  may  become  unwholesome  by 
organic  changes,  if  they  have  not  kept  well. 

Atmospheric  dust. — On  the  31st  of  12th  mo. 
1882,  a  snow  of  a  few  inches  in  depth  fell  at 
San  Francisco,  a  very  unusual  occurrence  for 
that  locality.  A  scientific  man  of  that  place 
collected  some  of  the  snow  and  melted  it,  in 
order  to  obtain  pure  water  for  chemical  pur- 
poses. To  his  surprise  he  found  the  resulting 
water  clouded  with  a  muddy  deposit,  which 
on  careful  examination  proved  to  consist  of 
minute  grains  of  quartz,  scales  of  mica,  and  a 
quantity  of  organic  matter,  principally  vege- 
table fibre.  Some  of  these  materials  may 
have  been  transported  in  the  air  from  great 
distances,  and  were  separated  from  the  atmos- 
phere by  being  entangled  in  the  particles  of 
snow. 

Influence  of  Light  on  Minerals. — Many  min- 
erals lose  their  color  or  fade  when  exposed  to 
light.  Fluor  spar  is  especially  liable  to  fade. 
On  the  other  hand  some  gain  in  color  by  ex- 
posure to  light.  A  greenish-gray  feldspar 
from  Arumeberg,  has  been  found  to  assume  a 
bright  emerald-green  when  exposed  to  the 
air.  Experiments  show  that  this  change  is 
not  effected  by  air  or  moisture,  but  is  due  to 
light  alone. 

Asterism. — When  the  flame  of  a  candle  is 
looked  at  through  a  plate  of  mica  of  the 
variety  found  in  Burgess,  Canada,  it  appears 
as  a  six  or  twelve  rayed  star.  This  is  due  to 
the  presence  of  minute,  almost  colorless  crys- 
tals, which  cross  each  other  at  an  angle  of 
60.° 

Intelligence  of  an  Ox. — Of  a  yoke  of  oxen 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Cape  Ann  Granite 
Company,  one  had  become  too  lame  for  fur- 
ther usefulness,  and  in  consideration  of  past 
faithful  services,  was  turned  out  to  grass. 

A  few  da}'s  since  be  was  seen  limping  to- 
wards the  blacksmith  shop,  where  he  had 
often  been  shod,  and  making  bis  way  into  the 
shop  he  took  his  place  in  the  shoeing  frame 
and  held  up  a  foot  to  the  smith,  who  watch- 
ed bis  singular  movements.  The  blacksmith 
examined  the  foot,  and  discovered  that  a 
small  stone  had  got  crowded  under  the  shoe, 
and  pressed  on  the  foot  in  a  way  to  produce 
the  lameness.  The  stoue  was  removed  and 
the  animal  sent  away,  no  doubt  rejoicing  in 
his  ox-heart  that  there  was  at  least  one  man 
who  could  understand  ox-language  sufficient- 
ly to  relieve  suffering. 

Volcanic  chasms. — Where  an  earthquake  is 
accompanied   with    an   upheaval,   there  is  a 


Lisbon,  the  gulf  that  swallowed  the  Cayo 
Beal,  with  its  0000  refugees,  closed  in  the 
next  minute  by  the  collapse  of  its  gravelly 
edges.  At  Pedernal,  in  Ecuador,  S.  America, 
a  chasm  0.")  feel  wide  and  400(1  feet  long,  has 
been  torn  through  a  thickness  ofat least  three 
miles  of  massive  rocks,  to  which  depth  its 
walls  have  been  fathomed,  and  have  sounded 
solid.  Clouds  of  dense  smoke  rise  in  whirls, 
and  the  actual  depth  of  the  chasm  lias  been 
estimated  at  from  ten  to  fifteen  miles.  Rocks 
which  five  men  had  to  move  with  the  aid  ol 
leverage,  have  been  turn  tiled  over  the  brink 
of  I  lie  abyss,  but  no  human  ear  has  ever  heard 
the  termination  of  their  descent.  For  the 
upper  fifty   feet   the   walls   of  the  gorge   are 


clothed  with  a  mantle  of  dingy  vegetation,  a 
matted  tangle  of  vines,  branches  and  pendent 
mosses.  Further  down  the  naked  rocks  pro- 
ject in  rough  cliffs,  and  in  the  fissures  of  these 
cliffs,  cluster  the  only  inhabitants  of  the 
barranca,  drowsy  bats.  Besides  the  smoke- 
clouds,  occasional  jets  of  steaming  water  squirt 
through  the  fissures  of  the  barranca  with  a 
hissing  noise. 

Between  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Palomas  and 
the  upper  limit  of  arboreal  vegetation,  the 
valley  is  intersected  by  fourteen  or  fifteen  of 
these  clefts.  The  river  road  bridges  them  at 
their  upper  ends,  where  their  width  varies 
from  five  to  fifteen  feet.  Some  of  the  smaller 
ones  arc  almost  hidden  by  a  cover  of  tangled 
vines,  though  they  all  emit  smoke,  and  most 
of  them  a  pungent  smell  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
It  is  a  curious  fact  that  people  can  become 
habituated  to  this  smell — that  is,  not  only 
inured  to  its  influence,  but  fond  of  it — and  use 
it  as  a  medium  of  stimulation.  In  the  Rio 
Bamba  district  there  are  caves  where  the  In- 
dians get  gas-tipsy,  like  children  in  the  fumes 
of  a  wine-cellar.  Its  physiological  action  re- 
sembles that  of  nitrous  oxide  in  its  immediate 
effect  upon  the  brain  and  the  nerves,  and  the 
fitful  acceleration  of  the  pulse.  The  after- 
effect is  a  two-days'  headache. — II.  D.  War- 
ner in  Atlantic  Monthly. 


Items. 

— Judicial  Testimony. — The  presiding  judge  of  one 
of  the  Chicago  courts  recently  said  to  an  Inter- Ocean 
reporter:— You  may  ransack  the  pigeon-holes  all 
over  the  city  and  county,  and  look  over  such  annual 
reports  as  are  made  upj  but  they  will  not  tell  half 
the  truth.  Not  only  are  the  saloons  in  Chicago  re- 
sponsible for  the  cost  of  the  police  force,  the  fifteen 
justice  courts,  the.  bridewell,  but  also  for  the  crimi- 
nal courts,  the  county  jail,  a  great  portion  of  Joliet 
(State  Prison,)  the  long  murder  trials,  the  coroner's 
office,  the  morgue,  the  poor-house,  the  reform  school, 
the  mad-house.  Go  anywhere  you  please,  and  you 
will  find  almost  invariably  that  whisky  is  at  the 
root  of  the  evil.  Of  all  the  boys  in  the  Reform 
School  at  Pontiac,  and  the  various  reformatories 
about  the  city,  90  per  cent,  are  the  children  of 
parents  who  died  through  drink,  or  became  crimi- 
nals through  the  same  cause.  Look  at  the  defalca- 
tions ;  fully  90  per  cent,  of  them  come  about  through 
drink  and' dissipation.  Go  to  the  divorce  courts; 
fully  90  per  cent,  of  the  divorces  come  about  through 
drink,  or  drink  and  adultery  both.  Of  the  insane 
or  demented  cases  disposed  of  in  the  courts  here 
every  Thursday,  a  moderate  estimate  is  that  70  per 
cent,  are  alcoholism  and  its  effects.  I  saw  it  esti- 
mated the  other  day  that  there  were  10,000  destitute 
boys  in  Chicago  who  are  not  confined  at  all,  hut 
running  at  large.  I  think  that  is  a  small  estimate. 
Men  are  sent  to  prison  for  drunkenness,  but  what 
becomes  of  their  families?  The  county  agent  and 
the  poor-house  provide  for  some.  It  is  a  direct  ex- 
pense to  the  community.  Generally  speaking,  these 
families  go  to  destruction. 


it    l'«nishment.—  \ 


uthi 


e-estab- 
iffences. 

a   letter 


ligious  life  of  the  whole  country.  In  the  Engl  A 
Church,  discipline  was  administered  nominally  J 
the  bishop's  courts  ;  but  their  methods  and  code! 
law  were  so  repugnant  to  the  public  feeling  til 
they  were  allowed  to  lapse  into  oblivion,  ll 
American  Church  cannot  be  said  to  have  done  ail 
thing  to  replace  them.  For  the  Episcopalian  h- 
man,  the  only  discipline  is  that  of  the  public  opinit 
of  the  community  he  lives  in.  He  belongs  tc| 
Church  which  admonishes  against  sin  by  her  sL 
vices  and  her  sermons,  but  which  practically  talk 
no  cognizance  of  the  sins  committed  by  her  baptbi 
membership.  Hence  the  popular  but  unfair  (I 
scription  of  her  as  "the  Church  which  meddl 
neither  with  politics  nor  with  religion."  Heni 
also,  her  attractiveness  to  a  large  class  of  persrjj 
whose  room  under  the  circumstances  would  be  p| 
ferable  to  their  company.  The  man  who  has  col 
into  collision  with  Quaker,  or  Methodist,  or  Preslt 
terian,  or  even  Roman  Catholic,  discipline,  findi 
peaceful  home  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  becaijfe 
she  meddles  with  nobody,  except  in  a  very  gene 
way. 

— Free  Methodist  View  of  Friends  in  Iowa. — 1 
Editor  of  The  Earnest  Christian  (Free  Method! 
recently  attended  a  Conference  of  that  denomh 
tion  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa.  He  says: — "The  Yea 
Meeting  of  the  Salvation  Friends  was  held  in 
same  city  at  the  same  time.  There  were  seve 
hundred  of  them  in  attendance.  We  were  able 
attend  only  one  service  held  on  the  public  squa 
It  was  not  different  in  any  essential  particular  fl- 
our own  meetings.  But  it  seemed  odd  and  good 
see  and  hear  the  Quakers  preaching,  testifyi 
shouting  and  singing,  and  inviting  sinners  forwi 
like  Free  Methodists.  They  teach  the  doctrine 
holiness,  so  far  as  we  understand  it,  the  same 
we  do." 

It  may  well  seem  "odd"  to  see  profess 
members  of  our  Society  so  acting;  but  to 
it  does  not  seem  "good,"  that  they  should 
far  depart  from  our  principles  and  practic 
Such  a  paragraph  as  that  above  quoted  ill 
trates  the  causes  which  are  operating 
destroy  the  unity  of  meetings,  and  to  lead 
separations  among  our  members. 

— The  Triennial  Council  of  the  CongregaMonaem 
— The  distinguishing  feature  of  the  Congregating 
system  is  the  liberty  and  independence  of  evw 
congregation.  Hence  the  j proceedings  of  the  Co8- 
cil  recently  held  at  Concord,  N.  II..  were  regain 
with  some  jealousy  lest  any  of  its  resolutions  shotl 
trench  upon  the  individual  liberty  of  the  church. 

A  shorter  and  more  simple  statement  of  tlar 
common  doctrines  was  felt  to  be  desirable,  ank 
committee  appointed  to  prepare  one  by  the  nit 
meeting  of  the  Council. 

— Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  Secret  Sociefi 
— In  reply  to  a  query,  whether  a  Methodist  preac 
has  a  right  to  assert  that  it  is  wrong  to  belong  to  s 
associations  as  Masons,  Odd-fellows  and  Grange 
the  Christian  Advocate  says:  He  has  the  right 
assert  anything  that  he  believes  to  be  true.  ] 
a  man  believes  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach  agai 
Masonry,  Odd-fellowism,  or  anything  else,  he  ha 
right  to  do  it.  But  he  has  no  right  to  insist  t 
members  in  his  charge  should  withdraw  from  m 
societies,  or  to  insist  upon  their  doing  or  not  doja 
anything  not  enjoined  or  prohibited  in  the  D: 
pline,  either  expressly  or  by  direct  implication.  I  * 

—letter  of  John  G.  WMMer—M  the  HaveriW 

Semi-centennial  celebration  on  10th  mo.  27th,  a  *-' 
ter  was  read  from  the  poet  Whittier.     He  had  hli 


In  Belgium  no  execution  has  taken  place  since 
1863.  In  the  17  years  preceding  the  close  of  1863, 
there  were  183  sentences  of  death  for  murder.  In 
the  17  years  following  that  date,  the  number  of 
sentences  for  murder  (the  penalty  being  imprison- 
ment for  life)  was  reduced  to  128. 

—Discipline  in  the  Protectant-  Episcopal  Church.— 
In  an  article  on  this  subject,  The  American  thinks 
the  absence  of  any   effective   discipline   for   its   lay 

members  has  been  injurious  to  itself,  and  to  Hie  re- 


fering, 
answer  ; 


totak 


ion  :  "  J  hope  thee  will  say  a  good,  elm 
void  lor  the  old  Quakerism.  That  cent! 
3  of  ours,  the  divine  immanence,  univaB 

ill  yet   he  found   the  stronghold  of  Chris  ill 


THE    FRIEND. 


Ill 


lorn  ;  the  sure,  safe  place  from  superstition  on  the 
>ne  hand,  and  scientific  doubt  on  the  other." 


THE    FRIEND. 


ELEVENTH  MONTH  10,  lss;1,. 


J-  A  few  weeks  ago  we  published  extracts 
rom  several  letters  from  various  parts  of  our 
sountry,  showing  the  interest  that  bad  been 
ixcited  by  the  Address  of  Philadelphia  Yearly 
ileeting.  Some  of  the  communications  that 
iave  since  come  to  hand,  referring  to  this  and 
ither  subjects,  contain  thoughts  and  reflec- 
,ions  of  sufficient  interest  and  importance  to 
ustify  their  wider  publication. 
.  One  of  these,  from  Western  New  York, 
lays:  "  I  desire  to  express  ray  unity  with  the 
B.drcss  issued  by  the  last  Yearly  Meeting. 
>t  is  a  veiy  complete  document,  and  I  think 
(annot  fail  to  accomplish  much  good.  Al- 
,hougb  it  ought  not  to  be,  yet  a  necessity 
sxists  for  such  a  declaration,  and  the  prepara- 
Son  of  this  Address  by  the  Meeting  for  Suf- 
ferings was  (it  seems  to  me)  very  timely, 
rhe  spiritual  nature  of  true  worship,  without 
|he  aid  of  priest  or  any  other  outward  appli- 
ance, seems  to  be  the  truth  sought  to  be  over- 
sown by  the  enemy  of  all  good." 

Another  comes  from  a  friend  in  California, 
vho  expresses  his  pleasure  with  some  of  the 
Hitorial  articles  in  the  present  volume  of 
'The  Friend,"  pointing  out  the  position  of 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  in  regard  to  the 
Society  at  large,  and  the  course  of  our  paper 
n  endeavoring  to  maintain  the  doctrines  and 
estimonies  of  Friends.  After  mentioning  his 
lordial  approval  of  the  "  Address,"  he  says: 
'In  this  day  of  declension  it  needs  a  revival 
if  our  ancient  principles  and  testimonies  to 
Emulate  the  weak  and  wavering  amongst 
is,  warn  the  wayward  wandering  ones,  and 
itrcngthen  those  who  remain  faithful.  May 
I  blessing  rest  on  these  efforts  of  Philadelphia 
Early Meeting  to  'sound  the  alarm  in  Ziou,' 
tnd  thus,  by  an  unswerving  adherence  to 
round  Gospel  doctrines  and  practices,  build 
lp  the  broken  walls." 

|  A  correspondent  in  North  Carolina  saj'S  of 
he  "Address:"  "I  have  carefully  read  it 
iwice  through,  and  some  parts  of  it  several 
,imes  over,  and  I  am  very  much  confirmed 
md  settled  in  the  belief — that  it  very  clearly 
lets  forth  in  a  plain  and  concise  manner,  some 
)f  the  leading  doctrines  and  testimonies  de- 
slared  and  acknowledged  by  our  worthy  fore- 
athers  in  the  beginning  and  rise  of  our  So- 
iiety,  to  be  Truth.  It  also  brings  to  view 
lome  of  'the  errors  to  which  Friends  are  ex- 
Dosed.'  This  is  certainly  right,  and  has  my 
nostheartyapproval.  I  believetherearemany 
Friends  (not  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting) 
who  are  much  dissatisfied  and  grieved  with 
ihe  state  of  things  wbich  now  exists  amongst 
is.  And  many  of  whom  too,  I  doubt  not,  are 
patiently  waiting  for  this  mist  and  cloud  of 
spiritual  darkness  to  pass  away;  hope  and  faith 
itill  abounding  in  their  hearts,  so  as  to  enable 
;hem  to  endure.  'Behold,  we  count  them 
lappy  which  endure.  Ye  have  heard  of  the 
satience  of  Job,  and  have  seen  the  end  of  the 
Lord  :  that  the  Lord  is  very  pitiful  and  of 
Elder  mercy.'  Yea,  they  know  that  'Zion 
(hall  be  redeemed  with  judgment,  and  her 
sonverts  with  righteousness,'  and  that  her 
Judges  shall  be  restored  as  at  the  first,  and 
tter  counsellors  as  at  the  beginning.'    O,  happy 


day  !  May  it  please  Thee,  the  great  Head  of 
the  Church,  to  hasten  the  time  in  wbich  the 
members  thereof  'shall  see  eye  to  eye,'  and 
'  put  shoulder  to  shoulder,'  having  been  bap- 
tized by  the  one  Spirit  into  the  one  body — 
even  thjr  church,  O  Lord  !" 

To  which  aspiration,  it  seems  to  us,  all  who 
love  the  Lord  and  his  cause,  may  say.  Amen  ! 

Of  the  late  Yrearly  Meeting  of  North  Caro- 
lina,  the  same  letter  says:  "Some  of  its  ses- 
sions, both  for  worship  and  discipline,  seemed 
in  degree  to  be  favored  seasons."  In  others 
there  was  "  too  much  as  it  were  a  floating  on 
the  surface  of  worldly  things,  and  not  that 
deep,  solid  reverent  waiting,  that  in  former 
days  so  largely  characterized  the  annual 
gatherings  of  the  highly  favored  Society  of 
Friends." 

For  some  months  past  there  has  been  a 
marked  and  somewhat  persistent  effort  on  the 
part  of  certain  journals  to  convey  the  impres- 
sion that  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  is 
spiritually  dead,  and  almost  destitute  of  any 
living  concern  for  the  salvation  of  mankind. 
It  is  a  delicate  task  for  its  own  members  to 
reply  to  such  charges,  as  it  would  expose 
them  to  the  imputation  of  spiritual  pride  and 
self-esteem  ;  but  in  the  Western  Friend  for  the 
Ninth  month,  we  find  a  reference  to  the  efforts 
made  to  weaken  the  influence  of  the  "Ad- 
dress," by  such  insinuations  and  cbarges. 
The  Editor  of  the  Western  Friend  states,  that 
it  is  a  well-known  fact,  that  for  years  all  over 
the  Western  States,  similar  charges  of  deca- 
dence, and  lack  of  life,  &c,  have  been  made  to 
prejudice  the  minds  of  Friends  against  Phila- 
delphia, and  other  bodies  of  Friends  holding 
the  same  views.  He  says  that  "a  visit  to 
these,  with  an  inquiry  into  the  real  state  of 
the  case,  will  convince  any  fair-minded  Friend 
that,  all  things  considered,  these  meetings  to- 
day are  in  a  much  healthier  condition  than 
the  Regressive  meetings." 

"  In  the  first  place,  the  success  of  Regressive 
Quakerism  is,  in  many  respects,  a  calamity  to 
both  truth  and  morals.  A  calamity  to  truth, 
because  they  have  abandoned  the  spiritual 
principles  of  the  Gospel.  A  calamity  to 
morals,  because  they  have  lowered  the  stan- 
dard of  honest}'  and  morality.  The  mid-week 
meetings  are  almost  a  failure  in  many  places. 
About  in  proportion  as  a  community  has 
really  imbibed  this  modern  spirit,  they  neglect 
the  mid-week  meetings." 

'■  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  does  not  ac- 
cept the  modern  work  as  of  the  Lord.  Her 
work  is  now  to  spread  Friends'  principles 
and  to  counteract  the  Regressive  apostacy." 


The  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  in  Kansas 
(the  Smaller  Body)  is  reported  to  have  been 
considerably  larger  than  any  of  those  hereto- 
fore held.  On  the  request  of  the  Friends  re- 
siding in  the  limits  of  Walnut  Creek  Quarter, 
it  was  concluded  to  have  that  Quarterly  Meet- 
ing re-opened  and  held  as  before  the  separa- 
tion ;  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  at- 
tend to  the  matter. 

An  official  communication  was  received 
from  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting,  informing  that 
the}*  had  recognized  Iowa,  Western  and  Kan- 
sas, as  "  Co-ordinate  Yearly  Meetings,"  &e. 
This  was  accepted  and  a  like  recognition 
was  extended  to  Ohio,  accompanied  with  an 
epistle. 

The  "  Address"  issued  by  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting  last  spring  was  read  in  the 


meeting,  and  endorsed  "  by  unanimous  voice," 
and  directed  to  the  attention  of  the  members. 
One  of  the  large  public  meetings  for  wor- 
ship on  First-day  was  disturbed  by  a  person, 
who  was  not  a  member,  who  openly  denied 
the  doctrine  of  the  atonement.  Friends  were 
greatly  tried.  After  he  bad  taken  his  seat, 
and  the  true  doctrines  of  Friends  had  been 
set  forth  by  one  present,  he  arose  a  second 
time  to  defend  his  unsoundness.  He  was  re- 
quested to  be  quiet,  and  the  meeting  informed 
that  he  was  not  a  member.  Much  as  such 
unsettling  scenes  are  to  be  regretted,  there  is 
this  satisfaction  attending  them — that  they 
furnish  an  opportunity  for  bearing  a  testi- 
mony against  erroneous  principles,  and  for 
manifesting  to  the  community  around,  the 
attachment  of  the  Society  to  the  fundamental 
principles  of  the  Christian  religion. 

Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Kite,  a 
Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Society  of 
Friends,  prepared  b}T  his  family.  Friends' 
Book  Store,  30T  Arch  street,  Philadelphia. 
Price  75  cents  per  copy — mailed  88  cents. 

This  is  an  interesting  memoir  of  a  minister 
who  was  a  well  known  and  active  participant 
in  the  affairs  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  some 
years  ago ;  his  public  labors  covering  the 
period  between  1810,  wben  he  first  appeared 
in  the  ministry,  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1S45.  He  was  strongly  attached  to  the  faith 
of  the  Society  of  which  he  was  a  member,  as 
his  journal  and  letters  show. 

The  strongest  attraction  of  the  book  would 
seem  to  lie  in  his  letters,  mostly  written  to 
his  immediate  family,  in  which  the  warmth 
of  an  affectionate  heart  is  combined  with  an 
earnest  desire  for  their  advancement  in  true 
Christian  stability.  These  letters  would  com- 
mend the  work  to  parents  having  young 
families  around  them,  they  are  so  peculiarly 
adapted  to  their  needs  in  training  them.  The 
allusions  in  them  to  passing  events,  especially 
in  our  religious  Society,  also  make  them  inter- 
esting as  records  of  the  times  among  Friends. 
The  mildness  of  his  character  and  his  earnest 
Christian  love  for  others,  is  shown  through- 
out the  work. 

He  died  in  the  COth  year  of  his  age,  from 
the  effects  of  a  cold  taken  while  away  from 
home  on  a  committee  of  the  Yearly  Meeting. 

The  Memorials  of  our  beloved  friends  John 
P.  Balderston  and  Elizabeth  Stroud,  have 
been  printed  and  are  for  sale  at  the  Book 
Store  No.  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia.  Price, 
in  cloth,  15  cents;  in  paper  covers,  10  cents. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  Director  of  the  United  States 
Mints  has  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
his  annual  report.  In  it  he  says:  "While  believing 
that  the  equal  coinage  of  both  metals  by  all  nations  is 
desirable  in  order  to  give  greater  stability  to  the  values 
of  commodities  and  credits,  yet  in  view  of  our  inability 
to  continue  the  increase  of  our  silver  circulation  at  the 
present  rate,  without  ultimately  expelling  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  present  stock  of  gold,  as  well  as  of  the  wan- 
ing hope  for  the  co-operation  of  the  leading  commercial 
nations  in  securing  the  general  use  of  silver  and  its  un- 
limited coinage  as  money,  and  of  the  present  abundant 
paper  and  increasing  gold  circulation  in  this  country, 
the  question  again  presents  itself  for  the  consideration 
of  legislators,  whether  the  law  directing  the  monthly 
coinage  of  not  less  than  §2,000,000  worth  of  silver  bul- 
lion into  standard  dollars  should  not  be  modified  or 
repealed." 

The  command  of  the  U.  S.  army,  from  General 
Sherman  to  General  Sheridan,  took  place  in  Washing- 
ton last  week. 


11: 


THE    FRIEND. 


In  a  despatch  to  the  Department  of  State,  the  U.  S. 
Minister  at  Honolulu  reports  a  meeting  of  the  Hawaiian 
Cabinet,  when  a  resolution  of  4th  mo.  9th,  1883,  pro- 
testing against  further  immigration  of  Chinese  laborers 
into  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  was  rescinded,  and  a  resolu- 
tion adopted  instead,  authorizing  the  immigration  of 
such  laborers  under  certain  restrictions,  at  a  rate  not  to 
exceed  600  in  any  three  months.  It  is  said  a  large 
number  of  Chinamen  return  to  China  at  the  expiration 
of  their  contracts,  which  is  given  as  a  reason  for  the  ac- 
tion taken. 

At  the  request  of  Professor  Band,  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  has  detailed  En- 
sign John  B.  Bernadou  to  go  to  Corea  for  the  purpose 
of  making  a  report  on  the  geological  and  other  scientific 
features  of  that  island.  Ensign  Bernadou  is  now  on 
special  duty  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

The  reduction  of  the  public  debt  during  10th  month 
was  $10,304,799,  and  on  11th  mo.  1st,  the  total  debt, 
less  cash  in  the  Treasury,  was  $1,511,506,736. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  has  sustained  the  de- 
cision of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  that  the 
Department  does  not  recognize  the  Courts  of  the  Indian 
Territory  as  Courts  of  record  within  the  meaning  of 
Section  2103  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  which  requires 
that  certain  agreements  made  with  Indians  shall  be 
executed  before  a  Judge  of  Court  of  record.  The  Sec- 
retary holds  that  "  it  was  not  the  intention  of  the  law- 
makers that  agreements  should  be  executed  before 
Judges  having  such  limited  knowledge  of  the  laws  and 
treaties  affecting  the  rights  of  the  Indians,  and  with 
such  limited  general  information  as  the  judges  of  the 
Indian  Courts  within  the  Indian  country  usually  pos- 
sess." 

Nine  citizens  of  the  Cherokee  Nation  have  formed  a 
company  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  national  bank 
at  Vinita,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000.  _ 

A  fire  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  on  the  afternoon  of  10th 
mo.  31st,  destroyed  the  warehouse  of  Garnett,  Stubbs  & 
Co.,  with  3000  bales  of  cotton,  and  a  number  of  build- 
ings on  Joachim,  Farm,  Mill,  Indian  and  River  streets, 
among  them  the  Electric  Light  Works  and  Tynan's 
iron  foundry.  The  losses  are  estimated  at  upwards  of 
$1,000,000."  Nine  bodies  have  been  removed  from  the 
ruins  in  the  burned  district,  seven  of  them  colored.  A 
relief  fund  has  been  contributed  for  the  homeless. 

In  South  Royalton,  Vt.,  diphtheria  prevails  so  ex- 
tensively that  the  schools  are  closed  and  people  are 
quitting  the  town. 

The  schools  at  West  Boylston,  Massachusetts,  have 
been  closed  because  of  diphtheria.  Fifty  casses  and 
five  deaths  have  been  reported  within  a  week.  The 
same  disease  is  reported  to  be  prevalent  near  Clare- 
mont,  .Surrey  county,  Virginia,  causing  a  number  of 
deaths. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  340, 
which  was  two  more  than  during  the  previous  week, 
and  18  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last 
year.  Of  the  foregoing,  180  were  males  and  160  females  : 
45  died  of  consumption  ;  23  of  diphtheria;  20  of  croup; 
16  of  convulsions;  15  of  typhoid  fever  ;  15  of  old  age, 
and  15  of  pneumonia. 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4J's,  registered,  113J;  coupon, 
114; ;  4's,  122;  3's,  101 ;  currency  6's,  130  a  134. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10:[  a  11  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8}  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9',  a  9$  cts.  pur  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were  steady. 
Sales  of  250  barrels  1'enna.  family  at  jo  ;  200  do.  Dela- 
ware do.  at  „S5.05  ;  225  do.  ( >hio  clear  at  §5.65  ;  250  bbls. 
do.  straight  at  $5.95  a  $0  ;  300  do.  winter  paten  tat  $6.25; 
125  do.  do.  at  §6.50;  125  do.  do.  at  $6.75  ;  125  do.  Min- 
nesota clear  at  $5.50 ;  300  do.  do.  straight  at  $6;  350 
do.  do.  patent  at  $6.75;  and  200  do.  do.  at  $7.  Western 
and  Penna.  super  at  $3  ;  175  do.  do.  extras,  $3.62  a  $4  ; 
Penna.  extra  family  at  $4,874  a  $5.10;  Delaware  do. 
do.  at  $5.25  a  $5.75  ;  Ohio  do.'do.,  $5.10  a  $6  ;  Indiana 
do.  do.  at  $5.10  a  $6;  St.  Louis  and  Southern  Illinois 
do.  do.  at  $5.25  a  $6  ;  .Minnesota,  bakers'  clear,  at  $5.25 
a$5.62J;  do.  do.  straight,  $5.55  a  $6  ;  patents,  winter 
wheat,  at  $6  a  $6.75  ;  do.  spring  at  $6,371  a  $7  ;  and 
800  bbls.  city  mills  family  on  private  terms.  Feed. — 
Bran  sells  at  $16.50  a  $17  per  ton.  Rye  flour  is  dull. 
Sales  at  $3.50  a  $3.02.1  per  bbl.  Buckwheat  flour  is  in 
moderate  request  and  steady  at  $4.25  a  $4.40  per  100 
pounds. 
'  Grain. — Wheat  continues  in  fair  demand,  and  prices 
were  higher.  About  11,000  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  i 
eluding  No.  1  at  $1.10;  No.  2  at  $1.07}  a  $107 
steamer  at  $1,  and  No.  3  at  $1  per  bushel,  and  150,000 
bushels  No.  2  red,  sold  a  $1.07  J  a  $1,071.     Corn— Car 


lots  were  higher.  About  12,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at 
55  a  60  cts.  a  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow, 
and  65,000  bushels  sail,  mixed,  at  57J  a  58J  cts.  Oats. 
—Car  lots  were  steady.  About  13,000  bushels  sold  in 
lots  at  34  a  37  cts.  a  bushel,  according  to  quality. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  11th 
mo.  3rd,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  384  ;  loads  of  straw,  51. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  80  a  90 
cts.  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull,  and  prices  were  a  fraction  lower: 
4500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  4  a  6J  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to 
quality. 

Sheep.— Good  grades  were  in  demand  at  an  advance: 
12,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  2J  a  5%  cts.,  and  lambs 
at  4  a  6A  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  unsettled  and  lower:  7300  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  6A  a  7}  cts.  per  lb.,  as 
to  quality. 

Foreign.— The  steamer  Holyhead  came  in  collision 
with  the  German  ship  Alhambra,  bound  from  Liver- 
pool to  New  York,  when  25  miles  off  Holyhead.  Both 
vessels  sunk.  Thirteen  of  the  Alhambra's  crew  and 
two  of  the  Holyhead's  were  drowned.  The  rest  were 
picked  up  and  landed  at  Holyhead.  Much  relief  was 
felt  in  Dublin  when  the  news  of  the  safety  of  the  Holy- 
head's passengers  was  received. 

About  8  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  10th  mo.  30th,  a 
terrible  explosion  occurred  a  distance  of  200  yards  west 
of  the  Metropolitan  Railway  station,  London.  There 
was  no  train  there  at  the  time.  The  walls  of  the  tunnel 
were  battered,  but  the  rails  were  not  misplaced.  The 
windows  in  the  station  were  blown  out.  The  roof  was 
not  damaged.     No  person  was  hurt  there. 

Almost  simultaneously  with  the  Praed  street  affair, 
a  violent  explosion  occurred  on  the  Underground  Rail- 
way, between  Charing  Cross  and  Westminster  Stations. 
The  windows  of  the  signaling  stations  in  the  tunnel 
were  shattered,  and  at  Charing  Cross  the  glass  roof  of 
the  station  partly  collapsed.  The  report  was  like  that 
of  artillery.  The  effects  were  like  those  of  the  Praed 
street  explosion.  Carriage  lamps,  windows,  &c,  were 
smashed.  All  traffic  was  suspended  for  awhile.  The 
tunnel  there  was  not  destroyed,  but  a  deep  hole  was 
excavated  in  the  road-bed,  the  brick-work  was  blown 
out,  and  the  gas  pipes  and  telegraph  lines  were  broken. 
The  refreshment  saloon  was  wrecked,  and  the  windows 
of  the  other  rooms  of  the  station  were  smashed.  The 
explosion  occurred  immediately  under  a  passing  train, 
forty  yards  west  of  the  station.  All  the  persons  injured 
were  in  the  last  two  carriages  of  the  train.  It  is  known 
that  twenty-eight  persons  who  were  wounded  were  taken 
to  St.  Mary's  Hospital.  Four  of  them  are  seriously  hurt. 
The  Government  has  offered  a  reward  of  £500 'for  in- 
formation leading  to  the  conviction  of  the  perpetrators 
of  the  outrage.  The  Metropolitan  and  District  Rail- 
way Companies  offer  an  additional  reward  of  £500  for 
their  apprehension.  The  physicians  in  attendance  upon 
the  persons  who  were  injured  by  the  explosion  at  the 
Praed  Street  Station  find  that  the  tympanic  membranes 
of  the  patients  are  ruptured,  which  fact  can  only  be  at- 
tributed to  the  effects  of  the  detonation  of  dynamite. 

The  Governor  of  Victoria  in  proroguing  Parliament, 
said  that  the  importance  of  the  question  of  the  annexa- 
tion of  New  Guinea  to  Australia  had  been  intensified 
by  France's  proposal  to  deport  to  New  Guinea  the 
worst  of  her  criminals.  He  declared  it  to  be  vitally 
important  to  the  Australian  colonies  that  the  Islands 
of  the  Western  Pacific  should  not  become  the  possession 
of  a  foreign  power,  and  that  such  a  sink  of  pollution  as 
France's  contemplated  action  would  make  of  New 
Guinea  should  not  be  permitted  to  exist  at  the  portals 
of  Southern  Britain. 

The  Marquis  Tseng,  the  Chinese  Ambassador  to 
France,  has  received  a  telegram  from  the  Tsung  Li 
Yamen  expressing  the  utmost  astonishment  of  the 
Chinese  Government  at  the  statement  contained  in  the 
despatch  of  Tricou  to  Prime  Minister  Ferry  that  Li 
Hung  Chang  did  not  agree  with  the  course  pursued  by 
the  Marquis  Tseng  in  the  Tonquin  matter.  Both  the 
Government  of  China  and  Li  Hung  Chang  deny  having 
expressed  the  slightest  desire  that  Tricou  should  re- 
main in  China  as  the  French  Agent,  and  testify  their  un- 
qualified approval  of  the  manner  in  which  the  Marquis 
Tseng  has  carried  out  his  instructions  from  his  Govern- 
ment on  the  Tonquin  question. 

The  Standard's  correspondent  at  Paris  says:  Chal- 
lemel-Lacour  resigns  because  he  has  publicly  intimated 
his  belief  that  a  foreign  power — namely,  England— has 
been  urging  China  to  resist  France.  Paul  Bert  will 
take  the  ministry  of  Public  Instruction  in  place  of 
Ferry. 

Ruiz  Gomez,  Spanish  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
has  informed  his  colleagues  that  the  controversy  with 


France,  growing  out  of  the  ill  treatment  of  King  Alfonj 
in  Paris,  has  been  settled. 

The  Mercantile,  Colonial  and  Geographical  Congrt  J 
has  opened  its  sessions  in  Madrid.  It  will  discuss  tj 
commercial  interests  of  Spain  with  different  parts  | 
the  world,  the  necessity  of  erecting  factories,  and  t'A 
opening  of  free  ports  in  the  Spanish  colonies.  Canov| 
del  Castillo  is  President  of  the  Congress. 

The  Government  of  Portugal  has  issued  a  circuity 
despatch  to  the  Powers  insisting  upon  its  rights  ovll 
the  Lower  Congo  river  in  Africa,  and  averring  that' 
has  no  desire  to  interfere  with  the  navigation  of  th 
stream. 

A  Berlin  despatch  to  the  Exchange  Telegraph  Cor 
pany  states  that  the  German  Government  has  offers 
its  services  to  settle  the  dispute  between  Russia  ai 
Bulgaria,  and  has  advised  Prince  Alexander,  of  Bu 
garia,  not  to  be  rash  in  his  actions. 

A  severe  shock  of  earthquake,  accompanied  by  sul 
terranean  rumblings,  was  felt  at  Kamieniec,  the  capit 
of  the  Government  of  Podolia,  Russia,  on  Second-da 
evening  of  last  week.     The  shock  lasted  thirty  second 

Albanians  residing  in  Upper  Albania,  Macedorii 
and  Epirais,  have  sent  a  petition  to  the  Powers  hosti 
to  Turkey,  asking  for  annexation  to  Greece. 

There  have  been  240  deaths  from  cholera  at  Meci 
in  one  week. 

"  Immense  crowds"  of  locusts  are  reported  to  ha\ 
appeared  in  the  Mexican  State  of  Puebla. 

The  Iglesias  Government  has  decided  not  to  reco; 
nize  Montero'sacts.  News  has  been  received  by  steami 
from  the  South  that  Montero  has  resigned  the  con 
mand  of  the  defending  force  in  Arequipa,  and  thereb 
greatly  exasperated  his  troops,  who  have  killed  two  ( 
his  Aides-de-camp.  Montero  is  supposed  to  have  gor 
toward  Puno. 

RECEIPTS. 
Received  from  Joseph  Armfield,  Agent,  Englam 
£2,  vol.  57,  4  copies,  and  for  Samuel  Alexander,  Joshu 
Ashby,  John  Ashworth,  Henry  Bell,  John  Bello 
Maria  Bradbum,  John  Bottomley,  Samuel  Bottom!.. 
David  Burton,  John  Cheal,  Robert  Clark,  James  Cloal 
Thomas  Connell,  Henry  Darby,  Charles  Elcock,  Sara 
Gibbins,  William  Graham,  Susanna  Grubb,  Williai 
Green,  Porster  Green,  Mary  llaldcn,  John  Hornimai 
James  Hobson,  Samuel  Hope,  Joseph  Lamb,  Williai 
James  Le  Tall,  Jane  Moorhouse,  William  R.  Nasi 
Sarah  Pearson,  Daniel  Pickard,  George  Pitt,  Rach 
Rickman,  Elizabeth  Southall,  Esther  Shaw,  Abraha 
Shield,  George  Smithson,  John  Sykes,  Henry  A.  U 
richard,  Ellen  Watkins,  William  Allen  Watkins,  Luc, 
Walker,  Robert  Walker,  William  Walker,  Williai 
Ridley  Warner,  Jacob  Wigham,  Susan  William 
Thomas  Williamson,  John  Wood,  Francis  E.  Wrighl 
William  Wright,  William  Knowles,  and  Josiah  Thorn] 
son,  10s.  each,  vol.  57,  for  Jacob  Wigham,  10s.,  vol.  5( 
and  for  Abraham  Green  and  John  Sadler,  £1  eacl 
vols.  56  and  57. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtow 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train  froL^ 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


Died,  at  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law,  James  I 
Clemson,   Washington  Co.,   Ohio,   Rachel  Arnoli 
aged  nearly  92  years,  a  member  of  Southland  Meeting 
On  several   occasions,  near   the  close  of  life,   she   re 
marked,   "  I  have  fought  the  good  light, — and  hence 
forth  there  is  laid  up  for  me  a  crown  of  righteonsnes 
which  the  Lord,  the  righteous  Judge,  shall  give  me  ii 
that  day."     She  was  gifted  with  a  very  retentive  am 
accurate  memory,  and  had  in  store  many  valuable  anec 
dotes,  gathered  through  a  long  course  of  years,  whicl 
rendered  her  society  pleasing  and  instructive,  partial 
larly  to  those  in  the  younger  walks  of  life.     The  cloth 
ing  of  her  spirit,  appeared  to  be  that  of  prayer  am 
praise;   and   again   and   again  on   some  of  the  famil; 
going  into  her  room  in  the  mornings,  and  querying 
to  how  she  was,  she  would  break  out  in  such  expres 
sions  as  these:   "Bless  the  Lord,  oh   my  soul,  and  al 
that  i-i  within  mo,   bless  his   holy  name,  who  forgivetl 
all  thine  iniquities  ;  who  healeth  all  thy  diseases;  wlv 
redeemeth    thy   life   from  destruction;    who  crownel 
thee  with  loving-kindness  and  tender  mercies." 
passed  quietly  away,  1st  mo.  6th,  1882,  and  was  gallic 
we  humbly  trust,  to  the  mansions  she  had  so  eamesl 
sought,  and  which  are  prepared  for  the  righteous  of 
generations. 

,  on  the  30th  of  9th  month,  Anne,  widow  of 

late  William  Hilles,  a  member  and  elder  of  Frank fo. 
Monthly  Meeting,  Pa. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  ELEVENTH  MONTH  17,  1883. 


NO.    15. 


I'rir 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
f  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

descriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


second-i  lass 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Continued  from  page  105.) 

To  a  young  friend. 

"  Philadelphia,  9th  mo.  4th,  1850. 

[    Dear ,    *     *     *    We  have  heard  by 

letters  received  of  thy  safe  arrival  at  home, 
which,  considering  the  many  dangers  that  at- 
tend, is  cause  of  thankful  acknowledgment  to 
the  Giver  of  every  good  and  perfect  gift.  I 
trust  thou  wast  favored  while  from  home  to 
receive  some  impressions  respecting  thyself 
and  thy  duty  to  tby  Creator,  which  will  not 
soon  be  forgotten.  By  dwelling  under  them 
thou  mayest  be  drawn  into  a  closer  acquaint- 
ance with  thy  own  heart,  and  a  more  single 
reliance  upon  Divine  aid  for  the  performance 
of  these  duties  which  pertain  to  us  as  rational 
intelligent  beings,  capable  of  receiving  and 
knowing  the  Divine  will.  Hast  thou  ever 
thought  why  it  is,  so  few  manifest  an  interest 
in  knowing  and  doing  this?  Why  it  is  that 
the  human  heart  is  so  repugnant  to  yielding 
itself  to  the  operations  of  Divine  power,  and 
thus  becoming  transformed  into  the  image  of 
the  dear  Son  of  God?  When  the  thought  of 
good  is  presented  to  us,  when  we  see,  as  we 
are  sometimes  favored  to  see,  the  exceeding 
sinfulness  of  sin,  and  of  the  state  of  indiffer- 
ence in  which  we  are  living,  we  are  favored 
at  times  to  feel  strong  desires  after  a  better 
condition  ;  and  the  soul  springs  upward  upon 
the  wings  of  faith,  to  that  power  that  is  able 
to  deliver  us,  and  for  a  time  we  rejoice  a  little 
in  the  sense  of  bis  goodness,  and  in  a  hope  in 
his  mercy.  This  being  the  case,  should  we 
constantly  slide  from  it  and  forget  it?  Or 
should  we  not  rather  cherish  such  feelings, 
and  seek  for  the  pearl  of  great  price  which 
lies  hidden  in  our  hearts  with  all  diligence, 
that  we  n;ajT  obtain  full  possession  of  it 
through  the  mercy  of  God  ?  How  is  it  to  be 
obtained?  How  shall  we  secure  for  ourselves 
&  safe  establishment  upon  the  Rock  of  ages, 
and  of  that  peace  and  purity  of  mind  which 
will  prepare  us  acceptably  to  see  God  ?  These 
are  weight}-  and  important  questions ;  and  it 
is  with  strong  desires  that  thou  mayest  be 
enabled  rightly  and  availingly  to  answer 
them,  that  I  feel  my  mind  drawn  towards 
thee  in  brotherly  83'tnpathy. 
•  The  parable  which  our  blessed  Lord  set 
forth,  in  which  He  compares  us  all  to  servants 
receiving  talents  for  improvement,  seems  to 


me  adapted  to  thy  serious  consideration  ;  and 
I  want  thee  to  read  it  with  sincere  desires  to 
be  profited  by  it.  We  are  not  to  expect  in  the 
beginnings  of  our  spiritual  progress  to  be  able 
to  understand  the  whole  scope,  and  compre- 
hend the  fulness  of  the  Divine  dispensations; 
but  if  we  are  favored  to  make  a  right  begin- 
ning, we  shall  find  it  will  be  in  small  things, 
and  that  the  cross  is  to  be  borne  in  relation 
to  some  requisitions  which  the  strong  reason- 
ings of  the  carnal  mind  would  persuade  us 
are  of  little  account.  Our  conversation,  our 
compan}-,  our  seeking  after  pleasure,  our  tem- 
per, all  have  to  be  brought  under  review  by 
the  witness  for  Truth,  that  we  may  see  whet  her 
our  words  arc  guarded  by  truth  and  wisdom, 
and  the  fear  of  the  Lord  !  Whether  our  com- 
pany is  such  as  will  promote  our  advancement 
in  the  \va3-  everlasting!  Whether  in  our 
going  to  and  fro  according  to  the  customs 
which  prevail  around  us,  we  are  careful  to 
know  the  Divine  permission,  without  which 
there  is  no  solid  enjoyment.  There  is  much 
also  in  the  manner  in  which  we  transact  the 
ordinary  affairs  of  our  lives,  which  may  tend 
either  directly  or  indirectly  to  the  comfort 
and  instruction  of  others,  or  the  contrary. 

It  seems  to  me  there  is  no  such  state  allow- 
able as  an  indifferent  Christian ;  no  point 
where  they  may  become  stationary.  That  it 
is  a  growing  condition  if  rightly  entered  into, 
must  be  the  experience  of  every  one  who 
comes  forward  in  this  high  and  holy  profes- 
sion. And  yet  at  the  same  time  it  is  not  a 
growth  which  gives  self-confidence ;  but  a 
growth  in  the  root  of  Divine  life,  wherein  the 
heavenly  principle  of  light  and  life  comes  to 
prevail  more  and  more  over  our  sinful  incli- 
nations, and  wherein  deep  humility  covers  us 
more  fully  day  by  day  in  a  sense  of  our  tin- 
worthiness  in'  the  sight  of  God.  Art  thou 
ready  to  say,  I  know  these  things,  but  how 
am  I  to  make  a  beginning?  Ah,  this  is  the 
matter;  a  right  and  true  beginning  is  indeed 
the  very  thing  needful.  Well,  how  is  it  with 
thee?  Dost  "thou  want  a  little  more  of  the 
world  first,  or  art  thou  prepared  to  say, 
'  Teach  me  thy  way,  O  Lord,  and  lead  me  in 
a  plain  path  because  of  mine  enemies  ?'  The 
first  thing,  the  beginning  of  the  work,  is  to  be 
willing  thus  to  turn  unto  Him  to  whom  thou 
knowest  allegiance  and  obedience  are  due  ;  to 
Him  whose  will  thou  art  at  times  made  sen- 
sible is  not  fully  wrought  out  in  thee  ;  to  Him 
in  whom  we  live,  and  move,  and  have  our 
being,  and  who  stands  ready  to  strengthen 
us  and  help  us  in  our  controversy  with  the 
enemy  of  our  souls.'  I  cannot  but  believe  that 
thy  mind  is  often  brought  into  deep  and  seri- 
ous thoughtfulness  about  these  things.  When 
this  is  the  case,  and  abilitj'  for  it  is  afforded, 
turn  thy  mind  to  that  which  thus  exercises 
thee ;  and  thou  wilt  then  see  something  in 
thy  thoughts,  words,  or  pursuits,  that  is  not 
altogether  in  accordance  with  what  is  mani- 
fested to  be  right.  Thou  wilt  see,  perhaps, 
that  thou  art  not  dedicated  to  the  Divine  will 


in  some,  perhaps  in  many,  respects.  Well, 
let  the  first  thing  that  is  thus  discovered  to 
thee,  be  laid  at  the  Lord's  feet.  Let  no  reason- 
ing as  to  its  being  common,  practised  by 
others,  or  it  may  be  approved  or  allowed  by 
those  wherseem  to  be  somewhat  in  the  church, 
— I  say  let  no  reasonings  of  this  kind,  hinder 
thee  from  casting  it  at  the  Master's  footstool. 
It  is  but  too  obvious  to  many,  and  to  thyself 
among  the  rest,  that  many  things  have  crept 
in  among  us  as  a  religious  Society,  which  are 
contrary' to  the  simplicity  of  the  Truth;  so 
that  it  may  be  said,  '  The  whole  head  is  sick, 
and  the  whole  heart  faint.'  It  is  needful  then 
that  those  who  seek  salvation,  should  shut 
out  from  their  view  the  practice  of  justifying 
themselves  upon  the  judgment  and  practices 
of  men,  and  resort  immediately  to  the  Foun- 
tain of  living  waters.  Take  notice,  that  the 
discoveries  of  the  light  of  Christ,  lead  none 
counter  to  that  which  is  good  in  others,  but 
will  sometimes  lead  us  to  avoid  some  things 
which  they  seem  to  allow  who  have  a  repu- 
tation for  religious  standing.  1  pity  the  youth 
in  the  present  day  who  are  looking  for  exam- 
ples from  those  who  are  older;  but  who,  too 
often  instead  of  bread,  give  the  children  a 
stone.  Our  Heavenly  Father  does  not  do 
thus  ;  but  when  in  sincerity  we  ask  of  Him, 
He  gives  the  Holy  Spirit  freely  and  without 
rebuke. 

It  is  but  too  obvious,  and  thou  thyself  canst 
see  it,  that  we  need  that  some  should  be  found 
to  hold  up  the  standard  of  Truth  in  this  day 
of  great  declension.  Who  is  to  do  it?  Who 
wiil  come  back  again  to  the  original  ground 
upon  which  our  early  Friends  started  ;  which 
was  not  to  contrive  how  far  they  might  be 
conformed  to  the  world,  but  how  far  they 
could  approach  towards  that  perfect  condi- 
tion in  which  they  would  be  altogether  ac- 
ceptable in  the  Divine  sight.  Here,  then,  is 
no  asking  how  far  I  may  go  in  this  enjoyment 
or  that,  of  a  worldly  nature,  but  how  shall  1 
become  a  temple  fit  for  the  Holy  Ghost  to 
dwell  in  ?  O,  how  this  kind  of  concern  shakes 
us  !  how  it  causes  deep  contrition  of  soul !  how 
are  we  drawn  in  secret  to  examine  our  own 
hearts,  and  to  pray  for  ability  to  give  up  those 
things  which  we  are  convinced  stand  in  our 
way  to  the  kingdom  of  Heaven — to  the  pre- 
vailing of  Christ's  power  in  our  hearts! 

Remember  it  is  not  the  literal  believing  of 
forms  of  doctrine,  that  makes  us  Christians, 
but  conformity  to  Christ's  spirit;  and  this 
conformity  must  begin  where  He  points  out. 
We  cannot  choose  how  or  what  we  shall  offer  ; 
but  we  must  give  up  that  upon  which  He  lays 
his  hand  ;  and  we  shall  find  that  in  our  very 
first  sincere  yielding  of  our  minds  to  his  will, 
that  we  have  gained  a  sense  of  his  favor  and 
strength  for  the  warfare. 

My  dear ,  how  glad  I  should  be  to  be 

instrumental  in  leading  thee  in  this  path  of 
life!  To  persuade  thee  that  the  Lord  has 
need  of  thee!  He  has  need  of  thee  as  an  ex- 
ample to  thy  young  friends.     Thou  art  so  in 


134 


THE    FRIEND. 


a  measure;  but  lie  is  calling  for  a  more  com- 
plete surrender;  even  such  a  one  as  shall  show- 
not  merely  that  thou  art  well  disposed  towards 
that  which  is  good,  but  that  it  is  thy  chief 
joy;  and  that  thou  art  determined,  that  let 
others  do  as  they  may,  thou  wilt  serve  the 
Lord.  Truly,  thou  wouldst  find  joy  and 
peace  in  it.  The  world,  and  some  of  those 
who  are  around  thee,  might  for  a  time  look 
on  with  astonishment,  and  wonder  at  tbj' 
separation  from  them  (for  thou  wouldst  be 
separated  from  some  with  whom  thou  art  now 
associated,  and  wouldst  often  have  to  sit  alone, 
and  keep  silence,  because  of  the  Lord's  yoke,) 
but  tliou  wouldst  find  sweet  consolation  with- 
in, even  the  answer  of  a  good  conscience 
towards  God,  and  a  sense  of  that  supporting 
Arm,  which  enables  us  to  stand  in  our  places 
over  all  that  is  wrong.  O,  wilt  thou  not  be- 
come as  one  of  the  willing-hearted  in  Jeru- 
salem ?  Seek  retirement;  seek  the  hidden 
pearl ;  seek  after  ability  to  stand  on  the  watch 
within,  which  is  the  very  entrance  of  wisdom. 
I  firmly  believe  that  it  is  the  Lord's  design  to 
do  thee  good,  and  to  make  thee  useful  in  the 
circle  in  which  thou  art  called  to  move;  and 


Daniel  B.  Smith. 

The  following  notice  of  this  dear  friend  is 
mainly  derived  from  an  affectionate  tribute 
to  his  memory,  read  before  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  by  Dr.  James  J. 
Levick,  one  of  his  former  pupils,  who,  like 
many  others,  ever  retained  a  warm  feeling 
for  the  instructor  and  guide  of  his  younger 
years. 

Daniel  B.  Smith  was  born  7th  mo.  14th, 
1792,  and  received  his  literary  education  at 
Burlington,  under  the  care  of  John  Griscom. 
Determining  on  the  study  of  chemistry  and 
pharmacy,  he  entered  the  drug  store  of  John 
Biddle,  a  much  respected  apothecary  of  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  remained  until  of  age,  and 
where  he  subsequently  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  his  former  employer.  Some  years 
later  he  associated  with  him  in  the  same  line 


of  business  "  a  young  Englishman  fresh  from 
the  shop  of  John  Bell,  of  Oxford,  London,"  and 
firm  of  Smith  &  Hodgson,  at  Sixth  and 
Arch  streets,  became  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent and  successful  drug  houses  of  the  coun- 
try.    In  the  year  1821,  a  number  of  apothe- 

if  thou  dost  not  frustrate  the  grace  of  God,  caries,  prominent  among  whom  was  Daniel 

thou  wilt  be    made  to  experience  that  '  He  JB.  Smith,  decided  that  something  more  than 

that  is   mighty  hath  done  great  things  for  a  mere  mechanical  knowledge  of  drugs  was 

thee.'  j  needed  for  the  education  of  those  engaged  in 

I  think   thou    knowest   that    I    love  thee,  the  duty  of  compounding  of  medicines.     Asa 

Nothing,  I  trust,  but  a   degree  of  that  love  result  of  their  frequent  conferences  and  coun- 

which  seeks  to  gather  into  the  fold  of  Christ,  jsels  came  the  College  of  Apothecaries  and  the 

could  awaken  in  my  heart  the  feelings  which  College  of  Pharmacy.     Daniel  B.  Smith  was 

attend  my  mind   towards  thee;  and  fervent  one  of  the  originators  of  this  college,  and  was. 

desires  are  begotten,  that  thou  mayst  become  largely  instrumental  in  imparting  a  scientific' 

prepared,  through  obedience  to    the   Divine  character  to  its  teachings.     One  of  its  incor- 

eall,  to  show  thyself  on  the  Lord's  side,  ami  porators,  he  was  also  for  twenty-five  years  its 

be  made  instrumental  in  promoting  the  spread   President,     As  a  result  of  this  undertaking, 

of  the  Bedeemer's  kingdom.     And  this,  not  he  lived  to  see  a  college  whose  pupils,  in  the 

so  much   by  many  words,  as  by  a  firm,  con-  aggregate,  number  6863,  representing  every 

sistent,  serious,   and    upright   example.     Let  State  in   the  Union,  and  a  considerable  mun- 

me  then  entreat  thee  to  stand  resigned  to  the  I  her  from  Canada,  Cuba,  and  various  parts  of!  crime,  in  saving  from  hopeless  death,  cannot 

clear  convictions  of  religious  duty  ;  and  when  jEurope.     Its  journal,  published  since  1825,  is  I  be   reckoned.    "Only  in   that   last,  great  day 

things  are  clearly  made  manifest,  do  not  be  every  where  recognized  as  high  authority  on  '  when  the  books  shall  be  opened,  and  "  another 

afraid  to   maintain  them,  though   the  whole  the  matters  of  which  it  treats,  and  has  been  j  book  opened — which  is  the  book  of  life."  can 

world  may  be  against  thee.     Truth  will  bearjone  of  the  leading  agencies  in  developing  the  its  true  value   be  computed.     In  this  work, 

its   own  weight;   and   in   a  fair  combat  will  profession  of  pharmacy  in  the  United  States,  which   was  very   near   his   heart,  Daniel   B. 

overcome  error.    Join  not  with  parties.    Keep!  He  lived,  indeed,  to  see  pharmacy  changed  :  Smith  lived  to  see  the  day  when,  in  the  aggro 

within  the  quiet  habitation.     Seek  not  con-  from  a  mere  trade  to  a  learned  profession.        gate,  fourteen  thousand  three  hundred  you 


B.  Smith  lived  to  see,  as  a  result  of  thesifi 
efforts  of  himself  and  friends,  a  library  con 
taining  22,000  volumes,  and  books  furnishec 
in  the  aggregate  to  77,757  applicants  for  them 
and  doubtless  read  by  treble  that  number. 

In  the  year  1816,  a  number  of  gentlemei 
were  impressed  with  the  need  in  Philadelphi: 
of  a  safe  depository  for  the  earnings  of  trades 
men,  mechanics,  laborers,  house-servants,  anc 
others,  where  their  earnings  might  not  onlj 
be  secure  for  them,  but  where  also  a  generous 
interest  might  be  paid  to  the  depositors 
Among  the  incorporators  of  this  excellent  in 
stitution  (the  Philadelphia  Savings  Fund)  ap 
pears  the  name  of  Daniel  B.  Smith.  He  livec 
to  see,  as  the  results  of  this  effort,  in  which  h( 
was  deeply  interested,  the  record  of  357,26c! 
depositors;  of  $93,613,335.57  of  deposits,  anc 
of  interest  paid  to  these  hard-working  peopk 
of  §11,235,649.50. 

In  the  year  1826,  the  appalling  statemenl 
was  made  that  there  were  then  in  prison  ir 
the  city  of  Philadelphia  "  sixty  boys,  and  thai 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  four  hundred  anc 
eighty  persons  bad  lately  been  arrested  undei 
twenty-five  years  of  age,  and  that  a  large 
number,  of  both  sexes,  were  wandering  abouf 
without  homes,  and  with  no  one  to  care  foi 
their  souls  or  bodies."  At  once  the  necessity 
of  a  refuge  for  the  endangered,  an  asylum  foi 
the  erring,  a  shelter  for  the  tempted,  camt 
with  force  on  the  community. 

A  public  meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia. 
Chief-Justice  Tilghman  presiding,  at  which 
it  was  determined  to  found  a  house  of  refuge, 
and  measures  were  taken  to  obtain  the  requi- 
site funds  to  carry  out  the  plan.  Prominent 
among  these  interested  citizens,  and  one  oi 
the  corporators,  was  our  friend  Daniel  B 
Smith. 

How  much  good  that  House  of  Refuge  has 
done   in   keeping  from  sin,  in  rescuing  fro 


troversy ;  but  when  occasion  calls  for  it,  main 
tain  the  Truth  in  simplicity  and  meekness  of 
spirit ;  and  in  deep  humility  of  soul,  ask  coun- 
sel of  Him  who  giveth  to  all  men  liberally 
and  upbraideth  not. 

Thou  art  often  brought  near  to  me ;  and  I 
truly  desire  to  commend  thee  to  God  and  the 
word  of  his  grace  ;  which  is  able  to  build  thee 
up,  and  to  give  thee  an  inheritance  among  all 
them  that  are  sanctified,  through  faith  which 
is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

With  much  love  to  thyself,  also  to  thy 
father  and  mother,  I  remain  affectionately 
thy  friend  and  cousin,  W.  S." 

(To  be  continued.) 

Always  the  best  thoughts  are  unexpressed. 
Something  in  the  man  is  superior  to  the  mind 
itself.  It  announces  its  presence  like  an  elec- 
tric spark,  and  fuses  his  ideas  as  though  they 
were  molten  and  run  together,  so  that  he  is 
overpowered  by  their  heat.  For  want  of  a 
better  word,  we  say  that  wo  feel.  But  we 
cannot  reduce  the  feeling  to  words,  nor  com- 
municate it  to  another. 

"Thought  is  deeper  than  all  speech, 
Feeling  deeper  than  all  thought; 
Souls  to  souls  can  never  teach 

What  unto  themselves  was  taught." 


To  the  College  of  Pharmacy  is  at  least  in- 1  persons  had  received  the  benefits  of  this  asy 
directly  due  the  preparation  by  Drs.  Wood  <  lum,  and  at  least  two-thirds  of  them,  properly, 
and  Bache,  both  of  them  professors  in  this  j  instructed  and  reformed,  had  been  restored  to 
College,  of  the  United  States  Dispensatory,  soeiet}-. 
a  book  of  two  thousand  pages,  which  has  The  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society  was 
reached  its  fifteenth  edition,  and  of  which  ■  organized  in  the  12th  month,  1824,  Daniel  B. 
more  than  125,000  copies  have  been  sold,  and  Smith  was  one  of  the  incorporators,  and  the 
which  is  now,  fifty  y ears  from  its  first  publi-  first  Corresponding  Secretary.  He  lived  to! 
cation,  in  daily  use  in  every  drug  store  in  the  see  a  society  numbering  nearly  a  thousand! 
United  States.  To  this  work  Daniel  B.  Smith  members,  a  library  of  nearly  17,000  volumes, 
contributed  many  valuable  pages.*  besides  much  that  is  valuable  in  manuscripts, 

In  the  year  1820,  three  citizens  of  Phila-  pamphlets,  and  pictures  illustrative  of  the 
delphia,  Daniel  B.  Smith,  Thomas  Ivimber,  early  provincial  history  of  Pennsylvania, 
ami  Samuel  Schober,  recognizing  the  need  of  When  a  School  was  opened  at  Haverford 
a  free  library  for  young  mechanics  and  raanu-  for  furnishing  to  the  children  of  Friends 
facturers,  met  at  the  house  of  one  of  their  greater  facilities  than  then  existed,  for  ac 
number,  and  there  resolved  that  the  establish-  quiring  a  liberal  education  under  the  car* 
ment  of  such  a  library  would  be  likely  to  of  teachers  imbued  with  the  principles  of 
promote  orderly  and  virtuous  habits,  diffuse  Friends,  to  Daniel  B.  Smith  was  assigned  the 
knowledge,  improve  the  scientific  skill  of  the  instruction  in  mental  and  moral  philosophy, 
mechanic  and  manufacturer,  anil  advance  the  English  literature  and  Chemistry.  Not  only 
prosperity  and  happiness  of  the  community,  j  was  his  influence  felt  in  (he  instruction  give 
Out  of  this  meeting  came  the  Apprentices'  in  the  branches  specially  under  his  char. 
Library  Companj'  of  Philadelphia.  Daniel  and  in  the  general  tone  of  elevated  though 
and  refinement  which  ho  infused  ;  but  his  con- 

*  It  was  originally  intended  by  the  authors  of  the  t.(.nl  ,;„.  the  highest  welfare  of  his  pupils  led 

I  >  i  - 1  m  •  1 1  ului  \   ill  a  I  I  In  nl  i.l  lli  r  I L    -In.  n  I.I  lir  w  i'ii-     |   •  |  ,  ..  ,  ,  ,  , 

ten  by  Daniel  B.  Smith.     This  in,,,ui,m  emilil  not  be   ll,m    ;lls<>    lo    l'"k,IC0   among   them   a   love  ol 


miy 
ven 

gl>t 


ied  out,  because  of  other  engagements. 


d  an  abhorrence  of  vice.     Some  of1 


THE    FRIEND. 


115 


those  who  were  then  under  his  care  can  still 
remember  the  earnestness  of  his  appeals,  and 
the  evident  sincerity  of  his  efforts  to  lead  them 
in  the  way  which  would  be  pleasing  to  their 
Father  in  Heaven. 

He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  doctrines  of 
the  Christian  religion  as  ever  held  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  and  to  the  testimonies  which 
flow  from  them.  His  consistent  support  of 
these  gave  force  to  his  admonitions,  com- 
manded the  general  respect  of  those  with 
whom  he  was  associated,  and  contributed  to 
the  power  he  exercised  in  moulding  the  char- 
acter and  influencing  the  future  of  the  stu- 
[dents.  How  deeply  his  pupils  recognized 
this  influence  was  shown,  as  Dr.  Levick  re- 
marks, "  nearly  forty  years  later,  when,  then 
gra3'-headed  men  themselves,  they  came  in 
such  numbers  to  pay,  at  his  open  grave,  with 
filial  gratitude  and  affection,  their  last  tribute 
to  bis  memory." 

Long  after  he  had  entered  his  eightieth 
year  he  retained  his  interest  in  his  beloved 
botany,  and  was  accustomed,  even  then,  to 
make  excursions  in  the  neighboring  country 
for  plants.  When,  at  last,  the  physical  in- 
firmities of  extreme  aa;e  made  this  impossible, 


Scriptures  of  Truth,  which  were  given  by 
Him  for  our  instruction  in  righteousness. 
But  we  shall  never  be  led  to  place  the  writ- 
ten word,  or  declaration  of  the  Gospel  above 
the  eternal  Word  that  inspired  the  holy  men 
of  old  to  write  the  Scriptures.  For  a  stream 
cannot  rise  higher  than  its  fountain.  So  the 
Scriptures  should  never  have  a  higher  place 
in  our  affections  than  the  blessed  Spirit  of 
Christ — the  second  Adam — the  Lord  from 
heaven,  who  is  a  quickening  spirit,  and  able 
to  make  us  alive  in  Him  by  restoring  that 
Divine  life  which  was  lost  in  the  fall.  He,  the 
Eternal  Word,  is  a  discerner  of  the  thoughts 
and  intents  of  the  heart,  which  neither  the 
Scriptures  nor  any  outward  thing  ever  can 
be.  So  He  is  God  over  all,  even  the  Script- 
ures. And  much  more  is  He  above  the  teach- 
ings of  unregenerate  man,  who  with  all  his 
keen-eyed  wisdom  can  never  discern  the  deep 
things* of  God;  for  they  are  onl}'  spiritually 
discerned.  But  this  will  never  warrant  any 
one  to  believe  or  act  contrary  to  the  Script- 
ures, which  are  a  blessed  revelation  of  the 
will  of  God  to  man.  And  as  the  Scriptures 
never  place  themselves  above  Christ  or  his 
blessed    Spirit,    so    never   should    we.      Our 


Stephen  Girard 

I  noticed  in  "  The  Friend 
saying  that  some  of  the  acti 
Gi'rard's  life  showed  that  the  | 
did  not  absorb  all  his  thoughts 
the  late  Rebecca  Kite,  who 
participant  in  the  sad  scene? 
fever  of  1793,  speak  with 


an  editorial, 
s  of  Stephen 
•suit  of  riches 
I  have  heard 
as  an  active 
ies  of  the  yellow 
idmiration  of  the 


fearless  and  earnest  aid  Girard  would  render 
the  sick,  even  going  into  their  chambers  and 
carrying  those  ill  of  the  plague  in  his  arms  to 
the  carriage,  and  going  out  with  them  to  the 
Bush  Hill  Hospital.  She  had  a  warm  and 
kind  remembrance  of  those  days  of  his  earnest 
humanity. 

She  was  herself  a  devoted  helper  in  those 
hours  of  peril.  When  her  morning  duties  of 
the  household  were  attended  to,  she  would 
take  her  basket  of  medicines  and  other  mat- 
ters for  the  relief  of  the  sick,  and  go  in  search 
of  them,  ministering  to  their  needs.  She  told 
me  her  walks  became  so  well  known,  that  the 
children  of  families  would  be  posted  to  watch 
for  her  passing.  She  remembered  seeing  one 
child  stationed  at  the  open  door  of  a  house, 
mi  back  into  the  hall,  shouting,  "  Here  she 
comes!  here  comes  the  white  lady  !"  and  all 
the  family  hurrying  to  the  door  to  see  her 
pass.  W.  K. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

If  we  deny  the  light  of  Christ  beinsr  in  the 


is  lmpossic 
he  turned  his  attention  to  another  branch  ofi  worthy  predecessors  evidently'  had  a  portion 
natural   science,   and    in    the    study  of  con-  of  the  same  Holy  Spirit  to  first  purify  their 
chology  found  much  pleasure  and  instruction.' hearts,  and  then  to  guide  their  pen.     But  we 
Some  months  before  his  death  he  entered  on !  may   well   place    the  writings   of  the    Holj 

his  ninety-first  year,  and,  save  some  failure  of  Scriptures  above  their  writers,  as  well  as  a'll|  Digging  for  Hid  Treasures. — In  a  garden 
memory,  with  his  mental  vigor  unimpaired. 'other  books.  And  the  writings  of  our  deeply- 1  near  Sidon,  many  years  ago,  some  workmen, 
Spared  any  lingering  illness,  he  looked  for-,  baptized  forefathers  are  to  be  highly  esteem-  while  digging  over  the  soil,  found  several 
ward  to  the  future  with  humble  hope,  as  he'ed,  because  of  the  evidence  they  give  of  the  copper  pots,  which  contained  a  large  quantity 
could  look  back  on  the  past  with  reverent  'power  and  teachings  ot  the  Holy  Spirit.  So  of  ancient  gold  coin.  The  poor  fellows  con- 
gratitude.  And  so,  tenderly  cared  for  by  two'as  the  Scriptures  stand  above  all  other  writ-  cealed  the  discovery  with  the  greatest  care  ; 
generations  of  his  family,  he  fell  asleep  in  the'ings,  we  may  freely  take  tbem  as  the  only  fit]  but  they  were  wild  with  excitement,  and  too 
full  promise  of  a  glad  awakening.  outward  rule  for  the  different  professors  of  many  to  keep  such  a  secret.     The  governor 

Christianity  to  try  their  doctrines  by.  And  of  the  city  heard  of  it,  and  arrested  all  who 
as  each  of  the  different  denominations  has  a  had  not  fled.  He  recovered  two  of  the  pots, 
creed  or  confession  of  faith  peculiar  to  itself,  placed  them  beside  him,  and  compelled  them 
so  the  faith  of  each  is  founded  upon  what! to  refill  them  with  coin.  In  that  way  he 
they  suppose  to  be  a  right  understanding  of  obtained  between  two  and  three  thousand. 
dark  heart  of  the  sinner  to  enlighteifit,  why  .the"  Scriptures.  And  each  true  member  of(They  were  all  coins  of  Alexander  and  bis 
should  we,  who  have  been  led'out  of  dark-  the  different  sects  feels  bound  to  support  the  father  Philip,  of  pure  gold,  each  one  worth 
ness  by  it,  expect  it  to  remain  as  our  light  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  as  understood  by  his  about  a  sovereign.  It  may  have  been  royal 
and  guide,  as  we  have  less  need  of  it  than  the  own  society.  But  if  he  should  change  in  treasure,  which  one  of  Alexander's  officers 
sinner  has?     We   should    not   expect  to  be  faith  and  practice,  let  him  come  out  boldly  concealed,  when   he  heard  of  his  unexpected 

and  change  in  name  also.     The  faith  which  death  in  Babylon. 

stands  only  in  outward  and  literal  things,  |  There  are  frequent  allusions  to  hid  treasure 
and  not  in  the  Spirit,  the  light,  the  life  and!  in  the  Bible.  Even  in  Job,  perhaps  the  oldest 
power,  is  dead,  being  alone  It  can  never  book  in  the  world,  we  read  that  "the  bitter 
■come  the  world  in  our  hearts;  nor  can  it  in  soul  long  for  death,  but  it  cometh  not; 
assist  others  to  overcome  it.  We  may  justly  and  dig  for  it  more  than  for  hid  treasures." 
look  upon  the  pages  of  Scripture  as  direction  Hardly  another  comparison  within  the  com- 
posts, guiding  the  Christian  traveller  on  his  pass  of  human  action  is  more  vivid  than  that. 
way  from  earth  to  heaven.  But  we  should,  I  have  heard  of  diggers  fainting  away  when 
never  look  upon  them  as  the  Way,  the  Truth,  I  they  have  come  upon  even  a  single  coin, 
and  the  Life.  If  we  think  by'  reading  the'There  are  many  persons  digging  for  hid 
directions  merely,  we  are  nearing  the  king-  treasure  all  over  the  country,  and  not  a  few 


sharers  in  the  true  light  if  we  deny  its  light 
ening  every  man.  We  might  as  well  deny 
the  Lord  that  bought  us,  as  to  doubt  his 
ability  or  willingness  by  his  convicting  light 
and  atoning  blood,  to  purchase  salvation  for 
all  who  come  unto  God  by  Him.  If  we  deny 
the  true  light  and  turn  from  it,  anti-Christ 
becomes  our  guide,  and  we  will,  by  his  trans- 
formed light,  be  ready  to  cry  down  the  true 
light,  and  that  grace  which  Paul  says  brings 
salvation.  And  if  we  thus  substitute  an  out- 
ward or  false  light,  in  place  of  the  inward  or 
true  light,  we  shall  then  need  outward  helps 
and  props  to  enable  us  to  carry  on  the  de- 
ceitful works  of  darkness  under  the  guise  of 
religion.  If  we  substitute  a  false  light  to  fill 
our  lack  of  the  true  light,  we  can  make  no 
advance  in  our  warfare  against  sin.  It  takes 
the  continued  presence  and  help  of  the  true 
light  to  guide  us  and  give  us  success  in  our 
warfare.  And  we  need  not  expect  a  continu- 
ance in  well-doing  but  by  the  in-shining  light, 
or  the  co-operating  spirit  or  grace  of  God 
working  in  us,  both  to  will  and  to  do  of  his 
good  pleasure.  And  as  we  are  led  by  the 
Spirit  of  God,  we  become  his  sons,  and  are 
taught  of  Him,  and  great  will  be  our  peace. 
And  as  we  are  led  by  Him,  and  taught  of 
Him,  we  shall  be  led  to  believe  in  the  Holy 


dom,  we  make  a  sad  mistake.  They  may 
point  us  to  the  place  where  we  desire  to  go, 
but  can  never  take  us  there.  So  the  Script- 
ures point  us  to  the  heavenly  home,  but  they 
alone  can  never  take  us  to  it.  We  have  to 
journej*  forward  step  by  step,  using  the  direc- 
tions given.  The  Jews  thought  they  had 
eternal  life  in  the  Scriptures,  but  tbey  failed 
to  journey  forward  in  the  heaven'13'  race. 
They  would  not  come  unto  Christ  that  they 
might  have  life.     They  read  the  Scriptures, 


spend  their  last  farthing  in  these  efforts 

It  is  not  difficult  to  account  for  such  hid 
treasure.  This  country  has  always  been  sub- 
ject to  revolutions,  invasions  and  calamities 
of  various  kinds,  and  hence  a  feeling  of  in- 
security hovers  over  the  land.  The  Govern- 
ment robs,  and  so  do  the  rulers  and  clergy. 
Arabs  rush  in  from  the  desert  and  plunder. 
Warriors  and  conquerors  sweep  over  the  land, 
carrying  away  everything  that  falls  into  their 
hands.  "  Then    there   are  and    always    have 


but  did  not  obey.     They  were  hearers  of  the' been    intestine    commotions   and   wars.      At 
law,  but  not  doers.     So  let  us  learn  a  lesson 'such  times  many  bury  their  gold  and  jewels, 
by  them.     Let  us  gird  up  the  loins  of  our  the  owners  are  killed  and  no  one  knows  where 
minds  and  press  forward  towards  the  prize  the  treasure  was  concealed, 
immortal  at  the  end  of  the  race.  D.  II.  We   need   not    be   surprised,  therefore,  to 

Dublin,  Intl.,  11th  mo.  2nd,  18S3.  '  Ami  that  in  Palestine,  no  custom  is  so  firmly 


116 


THE    FRIEND. 


rooted  as  this  of  searching  for  hid  treasure, 
and  that  there  has  always  been  some  real 
foundation  for  it — W.  M.  Thomson,  The  Land 
and  The  Book. 

Neat  Rebukes. 

A  rebuke  may  sometimes  be  very  effectively 
put  into  practical  form.  Thus,  at  a  time 
when  there,  was  a  heavy  duty  upon  French 
gloves,  a  packet  addressed  to  the  French  Em- 
bassador having  accidentally  come  undone, 
the  Custom  House  authorities  discovered  that 
it  consisted  of  gloves,  whereupon  they  sent  it 
on  as  unpaid  post-letter;  and  though  the 
double  postage  amounted  to  more  than  the 
single  duty,  it  was  paid  without  comment. 
Very  neat  and  characteristic,  in  the  way  of 
practical  rebukes,  was  that  of  Talleyrand  to 
a  faithful  but  too  inquisitive  confidential  ser- 
vant, whom  he  saw  from  the  window  of  his 
apartment  coolly  reading  a  letter  intrusted  to 
him  to  deliver.  On  the  next  day  a  similar 
commission  was  confided  to  the  servant,  and 
to  the  second  letter  was  added  a  postscript, 
couched  in  the  following  terms  :  "  You  can 
send  a  verbal  answer  by  the  bearer.  He  is 
perfectly  well  acquainted  with  the  whole 
affair,  having  taken  the  precaution  to  read 
this  previous  to  its  delivery." 

Bean  Stanley,  in  his  "  Keminiseences,"  tells 
a  similar  and  equally  characteristic  story  of 
an  old  Forfarshire  lady.  She  knew  the  weak- 
ness of  her  man-servant,  and  when  she  wished 
a  note  to  be  taken  without  delay  held  it  open, 
and  read  it  over  to  him,  saying,  "There,  noo, 
Andrew,  ye  ken  a'  that's  in't ;  noo  dinna  stop 
to  open  it,  but  just  send  it  off." 

Not  bad  in  its  way  either  was  Lord  Ches- 
terfield's practically  "humorous  rebuke  of  the 
craze  for  having  far-reaching  portrait  galleries 
of  ancestors.  In  his  own  gallery  he  placed 
two  old  heads,  inscribed  respectively  Adam 
do  Stanhope  and  Eve  de  Stanhope. 

Of  the  rebuke  indirect,  one  of  the  finest 
examples  is  that  attributed  to  Dr.  South. 
Once,  when  preaching  before  Charles  IL,  he 
observed  that  the  monarch  and  several  of  his 
attendants  had  fallen  asleep.  Presently  one 
of  the  latter  began  to  snore,  whereupon  the 
Bishop  broke  off  his  sermon,  and  exclaimed, 
"Lord  Lauderdale,  I  am  sorry  to  disturb 
your  repose,  but  let  me  entreat  you  not  to 
snore  so  loud,  lest  you  awaken  his  Majesty." 
Less  direct,  but  more  severe,  was  a  rebuke 
said  to  have  been  spoken  from  the  pulpit  by 
a  Dissenting  minister  of  modern  times.  While 
he  was  preaching  he  was  annoyed  by  some 
young  people  in  the  congregation  whispering 
and  giggling.  He  paused,  looked  at  the  dis- 
turbers, and  said:  "I  am  always  afraid  to 
reprove  those  who  misbehave  themselves,  for 
this  reason  :  Some  years  since,  when  I  was 
preaching,  a  young  man  who  sat  before 
was  constantly  laughing,  talking,  and  making 
uncouth  grimaces.  J  paused  and  adminis- 
tered a  severe  rebuke.  After  the  close  of  the 
service  a  gentleman  said  to  me  :  '  Sir,  you 
have  made  a  great  mistake.  That  young 
man  whom  you  reproved  is  an  idiot.'  Since 
then  I  have  always  been  afraid  to  reprove 
those  who  misbehave  themselves  in  chapel, 
lest  I  should  repeat  that  mistake  and  reprove 
another  idiot."  During  the  rest  of  the  ser- 
vice, the  story  concludes,  thero  was  good  order. 
Incisive  and  dry,  as  becomes  its  nationality, 
was  the  rebuke  of  the  Scotch  shepherd  to 
Lord  Cockburn  of  Bonaly.  That  nobleman 
was  silting  on  the  hillside  with  the  shepherd, 


and,  observing  the  sheep  reposing  in  the 
coldest  situation,  he  said  to  him  :  "John,  if  I 
were  a  sheep,  I  would  lie  on  the  other  side  of 
the  hill."  The  shepherd  answered;  "Aye. 
my  Lord,  but  if  ye  had  been  a  sheep,  ye 
would  hae  had  mair  sense." 

Less  epigrammatically  neat,  but  more  richly 
deserved,  was  the  following  rebuke  to  an 
unnamed  lord,  quoted  in  Shelden's  "Table 
Talk."  "A  great  lord  and  a  gentleman  talk- 
together,  there  came  a  boy  by  leading  a 
calf  with  both  his  hands.  Says  the  lord  to 
the  gentleman,  '  You  shall  see  me  make  the 
boy  let  go  his  calf;'  with  that  he  came  toward 
him,  thinking  the  boy  would  have  put  off  his 
hat,  but  the  boy  took  no  notice  of  him.  The 
lord  seeing  that,  'Sirrah,'  says  he,  'do  you 
know  me,  that  you  use  no  reverence  '?'  '  Yes,' 
says  the  boy,  'if  your  lordship  will  hold  my 
calf,  I  w'" 
Bound. 


ill  put  off  my  hat.'" — All  the  Yt 


UNDER  ORDERS. 
We  know  not  what  is  expedient 

But  we  may  know  what  is  right, 
And  we  need  never  grope  in  darkness, 

If  we  look  to  Heaven  for  light. 

Down  deep  in  the  hold  of  the  vessel 
The  ponderous  engine  lies, 

And  faithfully  there  the  engineer 
His  labor  steadily  plies. 

He  knows  not  the  course  of  the  vessel, 
He  knows  not  the  way  it  should  go  ; 

He  minds  his  simple  duty, 
And  keeps  the  tires  aglow. 

He  knows  not  whether  the  billows, 
The  barque  may  overwhelm  ; 

He  knows  and  obeys  the  orders 
Of  the  pilot  at  the  helm. 

And  so,  in  the  wearisome  journey 

Over  life's  troubled  sea, 
I  know  not  the  way  I  am  going, 

But  Jesus  shall  pilot  me. 

I  see  not  the  rocks  and  the  quicksands, 
For  my  sight  is  dull  and  dim, 

But  I  know  that  Christ  is  my  captain, 
And  I  take  my  orders  from  Him. 

Speak,  Lord,  for  thy  servant  heareth, 

Speak  peace  to  my  anxious  soul, 
And  help  me  to  feel  that  all  my  ways 

Are  under  thy  wise  control : 
That  He,  who  cares  for  the  lily, 

And  heeds  the  sparrows  fall, 
Shall  tenderly  lead  his  loving  child; 

For  He  made  and  loveth  all. 
And  so,  when  weary  and  baffled, 

And  I  know  not  which  way  to  go, 
I  know  that  He  can  guide  me, 

And  'tis  all  I  need  to  know. 


A  BIRD'S  MINISTRY. 
From  his  home  in  an  Eastern  bungalow, 
In  sight,  of  the  everlasting  snow 
Of  the  grand  Himalayas,  row  on  row, 
Thus  wrote  my  friend  : — 

"  I  had  travelled  far 
From  the  Afghan  towers  of  Candahar, 
Through  the  sand-white  plains  of  Sinde-Sagar  ; 
And  once,  when  the  daily  march  was  o'er, 
As  tired  1  sat  in  my  tented  door, 
Hope  failed  me,  as  never  it  failed  before. 
In  swarming  oily,  at  wayside  fane, 
By  the  Indus'  bank,  on  ilie  scorching  plain, 
I  had  taught,— and  my  teaching  all  seemed  vain. 
'No  glimmer  of  light  (I  sighed)  appears; 
The  Moslem's  Fate  and  the  Buddhist's  fears 
Have  gloomed  their  worship  this  thousand  years. 
'  For  Christ  and  his  truth  I  stand  alone 
In  the  midst  of  millions:  a  sand-grain  blown 
Against  yon  temple  of  ancient  stone 


As  soon 


level 


Faith  forsook 


-tone, 


My  soul,  as  I  turned  on  the  pile  to  look  : 
Then  rising,  my  saddened  way  I  took 

"To  its  lofty  roof,  for  the  cooler  air: 
I  gazed,  and  marvelled  ;— how  crumbled  were 
The  walls  1  had  deemed  so  firm  and  fair! 

'  For  wedged  in  a  rift  of  the  massive 
Most  plainly  rent  by  its  roots  alone, 
A  beautiful  peepul-tree  had  grown: 

'  Whose  gradual  stress  would  still  expand 
The  crevice,  and  topple  upon  the  sand 
The  temple,  while  o'er  its  wreck  should  stand 

'  The  tree  in  its  living  verdure  !— Who 
Could  compass  the  thought  ?— The  bird  that  flew 
Hitherward,  dropping  a  seed  that  grew, 

'  Did  more  to  shiver  this  ancient  wall 
Than  earthquake,— war,— simoon,— or  all 
The  centuries,  in  their  lapse  and  fall ! 

'  Then  I  knelt  by  the  riven  granite  there, 
And  my  soul  shook  off  its  weight  of  care, 
As  my  voice  rose  clear  on  the  tropic  air  :'— 
'  The  living  seeds  I  have  dropped  remain 
In  the  cleft:  Lord,  quicken  with  dew  and  rain, 
Then  temple  and  mosque  shall  be  rent  in  twain  !' " 
— Margaret  J.  Preston. 


For  '•  The  Friend." 

Mary  Wright. 

I  have  read  to-day  in  yesterdaj-'s  "  Friend" 
of  11th  month  3rd,  an  article  under  the  title 
"  Results  of  Little  Things."  That  part  of  it 
which  speaks  of  Mary  Wright,  of  Leeds,  Eng- 
land, was  interesting  to  me,  as  I  had  seen  and 
heard  much  of  her.  She  and  my  mother  h 
been  travelling  in  the  ministry  in  1807,  when 
no  good  road  crossed  the  Allegheny  moun- 
tains, to  the  Friends  of  Western  Pennsylva- 
nia, Ohio  and  Virginia,  and  when  a  change 
from  the  carriage  to  horse-back  was  a  relief, 
though  to  ride  on  a  man's  saddle.  The  Friends 
n  the  west  were  then  in  their  log  cabins,  and 
meeting-houses  were  few.  Mary  then  bore 
the  name  of  her  first  husband,  Witchel.  They 
were  welcome  visitors,  and  had  much  satis- 
"iction  in  being  with  the  visited. 

I  visited  Mary  in  Bradford,  England,  in 
1821,  then  again  a  widow.  She  was  living, 
at  and  after  the  Crimean  war,  and  lost  her 
sight  in  reading  too  much  of  the  accounts  of 
that  campaign,  in  185J-5.  When  an  hun- 
dred years  old  she  knit  a  purse  for  the  Queen 
of  England,  which  the  latter  kindly  received 
and  acknowledged,  as  related  in  "  The  Friend." 
At  one  hundred  and  three  j'ears  of  age,  and 
when  blind,  she  knit  one  for  me,  which  I 
gratefully  received.  Eli  K.  Price. 

11th  mo.  4th,  18S3. 

Among  the  pleasant  souvenirs  of  his  Ameri- 
can visit  which  Chief-Justice  Coleridge  will 
carry  with  him  back  to  his  British  home,  is 
a  sonnet  written  by  his  great  uncle,  the  poet, 
in  the   album  of  an  American  woman  more 
than   half  a  century  ago.     She  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  James  Barbour,  of  Virginia,  who  was 
at  that  time  United  States  Minister  to  Great 
Britain.     The  sonnet  was  written  on  the  evo 
of  ber  return  to  America,  and  has  never  been 
published.     It  reads  as  follows: 
Child  of  my  muse  !  in  Barbour's  gentle  hand, 
Go,  cross  the  main  !  thou  seekest  no  foreign  land. 
'Tis  not  the  clod  beneath  our  feet  we  name 
Our  country.     Each  heaven  sanctioned  it  the  same 
Laws,  manners,  language,  faith,  ancestral  blood, 
Domestic  honor,  awe  of  womanhood. 
With  kindling  pride  thou  wilt  rejoice  to  see, 
Britain,  with  elbow  room  and  doubly  free  I 
Go,  seek  thy  countrymen  !  and  if  one  scar 
Mill  lingers  of  that  fratricidal  war, 
Look  to  the  maid  who  brings  thee  from  afar, 
Be  thou  the  olive-leaf  and  she  the  dove; 
And  say  I  greet  the  country  with  a  brother's  love  • 


THE    FRIEND. 


117 


From  "Consecrated  Women." 

Louise  Schepler. 

BORN    ABOUT    1761.       DIED    1837. 

The  great  work  which  the  Pastor  John 
Frederick  Oberlin  accomplished  in  the  wild 
district  of  the  Ban  de  la  Roche  was  largely 
supplemented  by  one  in  humble  lite,  his  ser- 
vant Louise.  The  work  was  varied,  eompre- 
pending  the  care  of  the  bodies  and  minds  as 
well  as  the  souls  of  the  people.  Madame 
Oberlin  warmly  entered  into  her  husband's 
labors  till  her  death  in  1784.  Then  the  orphan 
girl,  who  had  been  her  servant  for  eight  years, 
offered  to  lake  charge  of  the  house  and  the 
seven  motherless  children,  the  youngest  being 
a  little  helpless  infant.  Louise  Schepler  was 
at  this  time  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and 
is  described  as  a  "sensible,  pleasant-looking 
[young  woman,  habited  in  the  costume  of  the 
peasants  of  the  country."  She  showed  her 
.entire  devotion  to  the  family  by  henceforth 
refusing  all  offers  of  marriage,  and  by  her  de- 
termination to  accept  no  salary.  On  New 
[Year's  Day,  1793,  Louise  wrote  to  the  pastor 
Oberlin,  who  was  called  b}-  the  young  and 
lold  of  his  flock  by  the  endearing  term,  "  Cher 
[Papa."     The  following  is  her  note. 

"Dear  and  Beloved  Papa:  Permit  me,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  new  year,  to  request 
;a  favor  which  I  have  long  desired.  As  I  am 
bow  really  independent,  that  is  to  say,  as  I 
have  now  no  longer  my  father  nor  his  debts 
to  attend  to,  I  beseech  you,  dear  papa,  not  to 
refuse  me  the  favor  of  making  me  your  adopt 
ed  daughter.  Do  not,  I  entreat  you,  give  me 
any  more  wages  ;  for  as  you  treat  me  like  your 
child  in  every  other  respect,  I  earnestly  wish 
you  to  do  so  in  this  particular  also.  Little  is 
needful  for  the  support  of  my  bod}-.  My 
shoes  and  stockings  and  sabots  will  cost  some- 
thing; but  when  I  want  them  I  can  ask  you 
for  them,  as  a  child  applies  to  its  father. 

"Oh,  I  entreat  you,  dear  papa,  grant  me 
this  favor,  and  condescend  to  regard  me  as 
your  most  tenderly  attached  daughter, 

"  Louise  Schepler." 

Ever  afterwards  Louise  was  looked  upon 
as  a  child  of  the  house,  yet  it  was  sometimes 
a  trouble  to  Oberlin  that  he  could  not  get  her 
to  take  a  present  in  money,  for  even  when 
sent  by  the  hand  of  another  she  divined  by 
whom  it  was  given  and  returned  it. 

Oberlin's  death  occurred  in  1826,  forty-two 
years  after  that  of  his  wife,  and  on  his  removal 
a  sealed  letter  was  found,  in  which  he  pays 
a  worthy  tribute  to  Louise  Schepler's  labors. 
It  was  written  in  1811,  when  he  imagined  his 
end  to  be  near. 

"  My  very  dear  Children  :  In  leaving  you, 
I  commend  to  your  care  the  faithful  nurse 
who  has  brought  you  up,  the  indefatigable 
Louise.  The  services  which  she  has  per- 
formed for  our  family  are  innumerable.  Your 
dear  mamma  took  her  under  her  care  before 
she  had  attained  the  age  of  fifteen  ;  but,  even 
at  that  early  period,  she  rendered  herself  use- 
ful by  her  talents,  her  activity,  and  her  in- 
dustry. On  the  premature  decease  of  j'our 
beloved  parent,  she  became  at  once  your  faith- 
ful nurse,  your  careful  instructress,  and  your 
adopted  mother.  Her  zeal  for  doing  good 
extended  beyond  the  confines  of  our  own 
family.  Like  a  devoted  servant  of  the  Lord, 
she  went  into  all  the  surrounding  villages, 
where  I  sent  her,  to  assemble  the  children 
together,  to  instruct  them  in  God's  holy  will, 
ind  to  communicate  to  them  all  the  knowl- 


edge that  she  had  herself  derived  from  me 
and  your  mamma. 

"This  was  not  the  labor  of  a  moment;  and 
the  innumerable  difficulties  which  opposed 
themselves  to  her  benevolent  employments 
would  have  discouraged  a  thousand  others  ; 
for,  whilst  on  the  one  hand  she  had  to  con- 
tend with  the  wild  and  froward  characters  of 
the  children,  she  had  on  the  other  to  correct 
their  patois,  and  consequently,  after  having 
spoken  to  them  in  that  dialect  which  was 
necessary  to  make  herself  understood,  to 
translate  all  she  had  said  into  French.  The 
bad  roads  and  the  inclement  weather  so  fre- 
quent on  these  mountains,  presented  another 
difficulty ;  but  neither  sleet,  nor  rain,  noi 
wind,  nor  hail,  nor  deep  snows  under  foot, 
detained  her  from  her  purpose  ;  and  when  she 
returned  in  the  evening,  though  exhausted 
wet  and  weary,  and  chilled  with  excessive 
cold,  she  would  set  herself  to  attend  to  my 
children  and  to  our  household  affairs.  In  this 
manner  she  devoted  not  only  her  time  and 
abilities,  but  also  her  health  and  all  her  bodily 
powers,  to  myT  service,  and  to  the  service  of 
her  God.  For  many  years  past  indeed  he 
lungs  have  been  injured  and  her  constitution 
absolutely  ruined  by  over  fatigue,  and  by 
sudden  transitions  from  heat  to  cold,  and  from 
cold  to  heat,  having  often,  when  warm  with 
ig,  crossed  the  snows,  and  sank  into 
them  to  such  a  depth  as  to  be  scarcely  able 
to  get  out.  She  received  a  sufficient  recom 
pense,  you  will  perhaps  say,  in  the  ample 
salary  that  I  allowed  her.  Xo,  dear  chil- 
dren, no  ;  since  the  death  of  your  mother 
I  have  never  been  able  to  prevail  on  her  to 
accept  the  least  reward  for  her  services ;  she 
employed  her  own  little  property  in  doing 
good,  and  in  the  purchase  of  her  scanty  ward 
robe;  and  it  was  always  as  a  favor  that  she 
received  from  me  some  slight  articles  of  dress 
and  provisions,  which  I  owed  notwithstand- 
ing to  her  economy  and  good  management. 
Judge,  dear  children,  judge  of  the  debt  you 
have  contracted  from  her  services  to  me,  and 
how  far  you  will  ever  be  from  repaying  it. 

"In  times  of  sickness  and  affliction  how 
kindly  has  she  watched  over  both  you  and 
me ;  how  tenderly  has  she  sought  to  mitigate 
our  pains  and  to  assuage  our  griefs.  Once 
more  I  commend  her  to  3"ou.  You  will  evince, 
by  the  care  that  you  take  of  her,  how  much 
attention  you  pay  to  the  last  wish  of  a  father 
who  has  always  endeavored  to  inspire  you 
with  feelings  of  gratitude  and  benevolence. 
But  yes,  yes  ;  you  will  fulfil  my  wishes.  You 
will  be  in  your  turn,  both  individually  and 
collectively,  all  that  she  has  been  to  you,  as 
far  as  your  means,  situation,  and  opportunity 
permit. 

"Adieu,  my  very  dear  children,  your  papa, 
"  J.  F.  Oberlin." 

At  his  death  Oberlin's  children  were  anx- 
ous  to  carry  out  their  father's  wishes,  and 
offered  Louise  an  equal  share  of  the  little  pro- 
perty he  had  left.  This  however  she  refused, 
asking  only  to  remain   in   the  family  and  to 

add  the  honored  name  of  Oberlin  to  her 
own."  One  of  the  children  writes:  "It  is 
almost  superfluous  to  say  that,  whilst  a  de- 
scendant of  Oberlin  remains,  Louise  shall 
want  for  nothing,  at  least  until  they  them- 
3elves  are  destitute." 

In  1829,  Louise  Schepler  unexpectedly  re- 
ceived a  "Monthyon  prize"  of  5000  francs. 
This  gave  her  great  pleasure,  not  merely  on 


account  of  the  honor,  but  because  it  enabled 
her  to  help  the  needy.  This  she  continued 
to  do  so  long  as  her  strength  permitted.  Al- 
most to  the  end  of  her  life  she  was  occupied 
with  her  schools.  She  died  in  1837,  "re- 
spected and  beloved  by  all  who  know  her, 
and  tenderly  cherished 'by  the  children  of  her 
revered  master." 

The  Attendance  of  our  Religious  Meetings. — 
I  have  thought  it  was  cause  of  great  concern 
(and  must  be  felt  to  be  so),  to  the  exercised 
members  of  a  meeting,  when  their  fellow- 
members  are  so  careless  of  so  important  a 
duty,  as  not  to  be  willing  to  sit  down  with 
their  friends  the  little  interval  our  religious 
meetings  claim.  Well,  if  nothing  can  arouse 
them,  they  must  take  the  event  of  their  choice. 
Their  friends  can  but  continue  to  pray  for 
them,  and  in  their  own  particulars,  labor 
against  the  discouragement  such  lukewarm- 
ness  brings.  *  *  There  is  great  beauty  in 
the  expression  of  the  prophet" Samuel  to  the 
children  of  Israel :  "  God  forbid  that  I  should 
sin  against  the  Lord  in  ceasing  to  pray  for 
you." — From  Letters  and  Memoranda  of  M, 
M.  Sheppard. 

Irritability  is  a  state  of  mind  into  which 
almost  everybody  falls,  or  is  tempted  to  fall, 
at  one  time  or  another;  and  it  threatens  the 
best  and  brightest  people  more  often  than 
those  who  are  dull  and  apathetic.  But  no 
one  has  a  right  to  think  that  "  nervous  irri- 
tability," or  even  genuine  prostration  from 
overwork  or  worry,  affords  a  good  excuse 
for  petulance  or  ill-temper.  Anyone  can  bo 
gentle  and  winning  when  nothing  tempts  him 
to  be  otherwise  ;  when  mind,  and  bodj%  and 
all  outward  circumstances,  are  bright  and 
sunny.  But  the  time  when  everything  seems 
to  go  wrong,  when  the  brain  is  weary  and 
the  patience  is  overtaxed,  is  the  very  time 
when  we  ought  to  keep  our  temper,  and  our 
words  and  deeds,  under  strictest  control.  If 
the  surly  word  springs  to  the  lips,  and  the 
unkind  act,  makes  all  around  us  unhappy,  we 
have  no  business  to  claim  exemption  from  the 
charge  of  being  both  ill-natured  and  wicked, 
merely  because  we  have  been  strongly  tempted 
so  to  be.  The  time  to  measure  our  strength 
of  character  and  gentleness  of  disposition — 
or  at  any  rate  our  ability  to  "  rule  our  spirits" 
— is  when  weariness  within  and  anno37anees 
without  beset  us  most  strongly. — Selected. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Box-wood  for  Wood  Engraving. — Certain 
other  woods — the  rock-maple,  pear,  plum,  &c, 

may  be  used  for  some  of  the  coarser  kinds 
of  wood  engraving;  but  box-wood  is  the  one 
material  perfectly  adapted  to  the  purpose, 
and  indispensable  for  first-class  work.  Its 
fine  and  uniform  grain,  and  its  peculiar  tex- 
ture and  hardness  rendering  it  easily  manage- 
able under  the  graving  tool,  and  yet  capable 
of  enduring  the  pressure  and  strain  to  which 
the  delicate  lines  are  subjected  in  printing, 

d  also  the  fact  that  it  "takes  the  ink"  bet- 
ter than  any  other  wood,  combine  to  give  it 
peculiar  and  unrivalled  value  for  the'artist. 

The  best  box-wood  is  brought  from  the 
shores  of  the  Black  Sea,  in  Turkey;  inferior 
varieties  being  obtained  in  Persia,  in  Spain 
and  Portugal,  and  in  the  Balearic  Isles.     It 

aid  that  in   1815  box-trees  to  the  value  of 


18 


THE    FRIEND. 


$50,000  were  cut  down  at  Box  Hill,  in  Surrey, 
England;  but  the  tree  is  of  so  very  slow 
growth,  that  it  is  seldom  raised  in  that  coun- 
try, except  for  ornament. 

Several  years  ago,  a  vessel  was  wrecked  on 
Cape  Cod,  and  among  other  portions  of  her 
cargo  that  washed  ashore  were  a  number  of 
heavy  hard  wood  logs,  which,  after  knocking 
about  in  the  surf  for  some  time,  until  all  the 
valuables  were  secured,  were  gathered  up  by 
the  people  in  the  vicinity  and  used  for  fuel, 
Some  person,  with  a  better  knowledge  of 
woods  than  his  neighbors,  conjecturing  that 
the  logs  were  certainly-  designed  for  a  more 
profitable  purpose  than  to  cook  fishermen's 
dinners,  brought  a  chip  to  Boston,  and  showed 
it  to  one  whose  business  was  the  preparation 
of  blocks  for  wood-engravers. 

"Do  you  mean  to  say,"  said  he,  "that  the 
people  are  using  this  wood  for  fuel  ?" 

"That's  just  what  they  are  doing,"  was 
the  reply. 

"  Is  there  much  more  left?"  was  the  next 
eager  inquiry. 

"A  few  more  logs,  I  should  say." 

"Without  another  word  he  put  on  his  hat 
and  coat,  took  the  first  conveyance  for  Cape 
Cod,  and  reached  it  in  time  to  secure  a  valu- 
able prize.  The}'  were  actually  burning  fuel 
that  was  worth  $800  a  cord. 

It  was,  indeed,  the  finest  and  best  quality 
of  Turkey  box-wood,  which  today  would 
readily  bring  twelve  cents  a  pound. 

We  need  hardly  add  that  box-wood  is  used 
for  sundry  other  purposes  besides  blocks  for 
engraving — as  for  rules,  scales,  and  similar 
graduated  measures,  for  wind  instruments, 
and  for  many  of  the  smaller  products  of  the 
turner's  art.  For  all  these  uses  it  has  special 
adaptations,  but  for  none  of  them  is  it  so  in- 
dispensable as  it  is  in  wood-engraving. — Popu- 
lar Science  News. 

The  Growth  of  Plants.— The  subject  of  the 
sixth  of  the  Michaux  Botanical' Lectures, 
delivered  by  Professor  Bothrock,  at  Horti- 
cultural Hall,  in  Fairmount  Park,  Philadel- 
phia, was  how  vegetable  units  make  the 
plant.  The  lecturer  stated  briefly  the  origin 
of  all  plant  life  from  a  form  which  was  ordi- 
narily round  in  outline  and  microscopic  in 
size.  This  was  technically  called  a  cell,  and 
as  a  rule  was  characterized  by  having  a 
somewhat  hard  exterior  coat  which  surround- 
ed and  protected  the  interior  soft  but  living 
contents.  Out  of  such  a  body  the  entire 
plant  was  produced  by  two  processes ;  first, 
growth  of  this  cell  to  its  maximum  size,  and 
then,  second,  its  division  into  two  or  more 
bodies  like  the  parent  cell,  until  innumerable 
millions  of  such  units  were  found  in  a  growing 
plant.  Some  of  these  remained  round  or 
hexagonal,  as  in  the  pith  ;  some  of  them  be- 
came thick  walled,  and  hard,  as  in  the  stone 
of  the  shell-bark,  or  the  grit  of  the  pear. 
Others  branched,  elongated  and  remained 
thin  and  became  the  vessels  in  which  the 
milky  juice  of  the  dandelion  and  the  yellow 
juice  of  the  chelidonium  were  carried.  Then 
others  still  elongated,  became  thick-walled, 
and  produced  (he  woody  fibre  out  of  which 
the  solid  mass  of  our  timber  is  produced.  Or 
again,  some  of  these  cells,  by  joining  end  to 
end,  made  long  tubes  in  the  interior  of  the 
plant,  and  were  then  called  ducts  or  vessels. 
It  was  the  wide  open  mouths  of  these  that 
one  sees  when  a  stick-  is  cut  across,  if  it  be  of 
oak,  chestnut  or  other  like  wood.  The  pines, 
however,  have  almost  no  ducts,  but  are  made 


up  entirely  of  wood  fibre.     Running  across 

the  woody  fibre,  and   at   right  angles  to  it, 

one  sees  in  a  large  split  stick  shining  belts 

or  bands,  the  so-called  silver  grain  or  medul- 
lary raj*.     Or  if  we  make  a  cross  section  of 

the  same  stick,  these  rays  will  be  seen  as  a 

set  of  lines  running  from  the  centre  to  the 

circumference.    These,  like  all  the  other  kinds 

of  tissue  wo  have  described,  are  but  modified 

cells,  and  beside  binding  the  woody  fibres  to- 
gether in  a  solid  mass,  they  also  serve  as  the 

channels  along  which  the  starch  found  in  the 

outer  parts  of  the  young  stem  is  conveyed  to 

the  inner  part,  where  it  is  stored  away  for 

the  winter. 

Between  the  bark  and  the  wood  one  finds, 

upon  examination   by  the  microscope,  a  zone 

of  thin-walled  cells,  which  are  very  rich  in 

formative    material.     This  is  known  as  the 

Cambium,  and  out  of  it  bark  is  formed  on  the 

outside    (if  an    outside   growing   stem)  and 

wood  on  the  other.     (The  palms  have  quite 

a  different  and  a  more  complicated  mode  of 

growth.)     On  the  outer  part  of  the  Cambium 

one  finds  what  are  known  as  the  bast,  or  the 

liber  fibres,  which  are  characterized  by  being 

'ong,    flexible,    thick-walled    and    ordinarily 

pointed  at  the  ends.     To  these  flax  and  hemp 
owe  their  capacity  for   being    worked    into 

textile  fabric.     The  question  is  often  asked, 
hat  holds  the    tree    together?     There  are 
several    factors    in    this    problem— first,    the  it  is  found  to  contain'multitudes  of  minul 

woody  fibres  always  interlock  more  or  less  I heart-shaped  bodies,  some  of  which  turn  lik 
among  each  other;  second,  the  ends  of  the  a  wheel,  and  others  pursue  a  zig-zag  cours. 
fibres  are  slightly  irregular,  or  toothed,  so  {They  have  a  deep  groove  across  the  ccntr. 
that  the  irregular  surfaces  lend  some  slight 'which  is  furnished  with  little  hair-like  pn 

trength;  third,  the  silver-grain  affords  a  re-  cesses,  which  keep  in  rapid  motion  Th 
sistance  to  the  lateral  spread  of  the  fibres. 'countless  millions  of  these  beings  °-ive  to  th 
Hence,  among  all  these  factors  we  find  some- (water  its  peculiar  hue.  They 'appear  abou 
ing  like  the  woof  and  warp  of  a  piece  of  the  same  time  in  successive  years,  and  thei 
cloth.  In  a  word,  it  is  friction  which  holds  {presence  is  supposed  to  be  connected  with  th 
the  vegetable  units  together  into  a  whole  sewage  from  the  town,  kept  more  or  less  lc 
symmetrical  mass.  cally  suspended   by  the   ebb  and  flow  of 

lhe  term,   year's   growth,    is   one    which  tide,  which  may  furnish  the  food  which  i 
needs  a  moment's  explanation.     Look  at  the 'ports  them,  and  which  they  may  be  a  mea 
stump  from  which  an  oak  tree  has  been  re-  of  removing  from  the  waters, 
moved,  and  you  will  see  a  series  of  concentric  |     Distilling  Water  by  Sun-heat— The  scareit 
rings  which  cover  the  whole  surface.     Now! of  pure  water  in  the  northern  part  of  Chil' 
the  year's  growth   is  the  whole  space  from  has  rendered  it  very  expensive  to  procure 
one  ring  to  the  other,  including  one  of  the  sufficient  supply  of  this  indispensable  requ 
rings  also.     The   ringed   appearance  is  pro-  site  of  life  for  the  men  and  animals  connects 
duced  by  sets  of  those  fibres  which  arc  made1     " 
in,    or   toward    autumn,    being    flatter   and 
thicker  than   the  large  open  cavities  which 
one  finds  outside  them,  and  which  mark  the 
first  growth  of  the  ensuing  spring.     The  dis- 
tinctness of  the  rings  will  vary  "in  different 
species  of  wood  according  as  there  is  more  or 
less  contrast  between    the  thickness  of  the 
fall  fibres  and  the  spring  ducts.     The  fibr 


or  thinning  of  the  fibre  walls,  in  which  call 
the  wood  of  the  higher  specific  gravity  ml 
be  stronger,  or  it  may  be  due  to  a  thickenir* 
caused  by  foreign  matters,  which,  taken  tj 
in  solution  from  below,  have  been  deposit™ 
in  the  interior  tissues  of  the  plant.  This  i 
not  likely  to  confer  additional  strength. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  all  plants  a:'i 
made  up  of  as  many  different  tissues  as  havj 
been  described.  Some  never  pass  beyond  tlji 
condition  of  the  soft,  simple  cell,  and  henill 
such  lack  the  hardness  of  the  hard-wocl 
trees.  The  sea-weed,  the  lichens,  the  Fund 
all  remain  during  their  entire  lives  in  tkf 
cellular  condition.  Some  plants,  indeed,  maj 
in  their  adult  condition,  be  reduced  to  a  sii 
gle  cell.  The  red  snow  of  Arctic  regions 
an  illustration  of  this. 

It  is  among  the  marvels  of  biology,  that  tl 
substance  out  of  which  all  plants  and  all  an 
mals  start  on  their  earliest  and  simplest  coil 
dition,  is  essentially  the  same.  From  this  aj 
the  different  shapes  and  capacities  of  liviri 
things  arise,  much,  one  may  say,  as  out  of  tl 
same  kind  of  bricks  buildings  of  most  divert 
hapes  and  capacities  are  created. 

Discolored   Water.—  Visitors  to  Southamj 
ton,  England,   in   the  8th   and  9th   month 
often  notice  the  water  within  a  few  miles  < 
the  port  to    be   of  a  dark  coffee-color,  as 
muddy.     On  examining  with  the  mieroscop 


* 


(woody)  having  small  cavities  and  thick 
walls  are  elements  of  strength  to  the  tree, 
the  duets  having  thin  walls  and  large  cavities 
are  elements  of  weakness.     Now,  from  those 

'acts  an  important  practical  conclusion  is  to 
be  drawn  :  it  is,  as  ducts  are  formed  first  in 
the  spring,  and  in  pretty  constant  number, 
comparing  one  spring  with  another,  and,  as 
wood  fibres  are  formed  later  than  the  ducts, 
that  is,  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  it 
follows  that,  as  between  tiro  specimens  of  the 
same  kind  of  wood,  that  specimen  which  has  th,' 
larger  year's  growth,  other  things  being  equal, 
is  the.  stronger,  because  it  has',  as  compared 
with   a   small  year's  growth,  more  wood  ami 

ewer  ducts.     The  specific  gravity  of  wood, 

when  thoroughly  dried,  varies  greatly.    This 

due  to  two  causes  :  first,  to  the  thickening 


th  the  mines.     This  led   to   the  establish 
ment  of  an  apparatus  at  Los  Salinas,  w 
there  are  salt  water  wells  about  70  miles  ir 
land  from  the  coast.     It  consists  of  long  sha 
low  troughs  filled  with  water,  and  covered  b'j1 
a  sloping  glass  roof.    The  water  is  evaporate! 
by  the  sun's  rays,  condenses   on  the  unde] 
surface  of  the  glass,  and  runs  down  to  groove) 
cut  in   the  wooden  frame,  whence  itTis  cod r 
veyed   by  pipes  to  a  reservoir.     To  increasi. 
the  evaporation   the  bottom   of  the  trough 
are  blackened  with  logwood  and  alum.    Whei  B 
working  to  the  best  advantage,  it  produce^  I1 
about  one  pound   of  water  daily  for  even 
square  foot  of  glass. 

The  Lane,  I,  i  Fish.— This  is  a  small  boneles,  '\ 
fish  about  two  inches  long,  which  is  generally 
concealed  in  (he  sand  on  the  sea  shore,  whicl'  i 
it  so  closely  resembles  in  color  as  readily  t< 
escape  detection.     When    it   is   necessary  t( 
leave  the  sand,  it  glides  rapidly  through  tin 
water  with  a  serpent-like  motion.    The  nioutl  li 
is  surrounded  by  cilia,  the  motion  of  wbicl  ',' 
causes  the  passage  of  water  for  food  and'foi>  I 
breathing. 

These 'fish  have  a  peculiar  and  remarkabld 
power  of  attaching  themselves  together,  form  j  ! 


' 


THE    FRIEND. 


119 


g  a  string  eight  or  ten  inches  long,  and  I  more  was  heard  of  the  brigantine  for  three  months. 


swimming  in  unison.  When  thus  swimming 
they  adhere  to  each  other  by  their  flat  sides, 
the  head  of  one  coming  up  about  one-third  on 
the  body  of  the  one  before  it. 


Items. 


new   Methodist 


'place  of  worship  at  Madison  Avenue,  New  York, 
one  of  the  richest  in  that  city,  is  approaching  com- 
pletion. "  Some  one  says  that  it  is  so  elaborate  that 
■the  Vanderbilt  houses  hardly  excel  it  for  sculpture, 
insignia,  scalloped  tower,  &c." 
*  Does  not  this  ostentatious  display  show  that 
a  worldly-minded  spirit  is  creeping  into  that 
society  ?  One  can  scarcely  hope  to  see  with- 
in the  walls  of  such  an  edifice,  much  evidence 
of  that  life  and  spirituality,  which  is  the  true 
'adornment  of  the  Church.  Such  a  building 
is  not  calculated  to  promote  the  humility  of 
the  congregation  that  meets  within  it,  but 
rather  to  suggest  to  them  the  self-complacent 
language  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  "  Is  not  this 
great  Babylon  which  I  have  built?" 

— Papal  Supremacy. — Professor  Funk,  a  member 
pf  the  Roman  Catholic  Theological  Faculty  of  the 
KJniversity  of  Tubingen,  has  just  published  an  ex- 
amination of  the  relation  of  tiie  Bishop  of  Rome  to 
the  early  Councils  of  the  Church.  We  quote  the 
'conclusions  to  which  he  arrives : — "  Of  the  testimony 
which  is  usually  adduced  in  favor  of  Papal  Con- 
prmation  of  the  eight  General  Councils  of  antiquity, 
nothing  has  been  found  that  will  stand  the  test  of  a 
strict  examination.  On  the  contrary,  we  have  seen 
that  several  Synods  so  expressed  themselves  with 
reference  to  their  relation  to  Rome  as  directly  to 
exclude  Papal  approbation.  I  have,  therefore,  as  I 
believe,  every  reason  for  a  rejection  of  the  theory  in 
question." — Irish  Ecclesiastical  Gazette. 

— Presbyterian. — Many  eminent  ministers  in  Ire- 
land are  deeply  dissatisfied  with  the  recent  decision 
of  the  Irish  Assembly,  to  give  each  church  liberty 
to  have  or  not  to  have  a  musical  instrument  in  its 
.services.  Dr.  Pettigrew  said  in  public  discourse: 
l"  The  purity  of  our  worship  is  at  stake,  and  so  are 
Fthe  liberties  of  those  who  are  conscientiously  op- 
posed to  innovations  upon  our  forms  of  worship." 
By  the  late  census  there  are  476,000  Presbyterians  ; 
of  these  not  20,000  desire  alterations  in  the  worship 
of  their  Church.  There  are  450,000  determinedly 
feposed  to  it. 

|  — Temperance  in  Great  Britain. — The  Annual  Re- 
(port  of  the  Commissioners  of  Inland  Revenue  in 
iGreat  Britain  expresses  the  opinion  that  in  some 
'localities,  "  the  spread  of  temperance  principles  has 
already  caused  a  marked  diminution  in  the  con- 
sumption of  intoxicating  liquors,  and  the  tendency- 
is  still  increasing."  The  percentage  of  decrease  is 
small,  but  sufficient  to  encourage  those  who  are 
■boring  in  the  Temperance  reform  to  further  efforts. 
The  improvement  thus  manifested  in  confined  to 
[  England  and  Scotland  ;  in  Ireland  the  amount  con 
sumed  as  a  beverage  seems  to  be  increasing. 

— Progress  of  Arbitration. — There  now  exists  quite 
■a  series  of  Treaties,  agreed  to  by  various  Continental 
-nations,  containing  clauses,  providing  for  references 
I  to  Arbitration,  in  case,  at  least,  of  any  difficulties 
arising  as  to  the  interpretation  of  these  documents 
respectively.  Switzerland  and  the  United  States 
have  lately  taken  a  still  bolder  step,  and  agreed  to 
|  refer  to  arbitration  in  future,  all  disputes  whatsoever 
arising  between  themselves.  A  similar  full  adoption 
i  of  the  principle  is  contained  in  a  treaty  between  the 
American  countries  of  Columbia  and  Honduras. — 
.  Herald  of  Peace. 

j  —Queensland  Outrages.— It  will  be  remembered 
that  when  the  magistrate  at  Thursday  Island  an- 
nexed New  Guinea  to  the  colony  at  Queensland,  a 
labor  vessel  called  the  "  Fanny"  immediately  started 
from  Mackay  for  the  country  in  which  British 
authority  had  been  thus  prematurely  proclaimed, 
in  order 'to  obtain  a  stipplv  of  recruits  for  the  colonial 
planters.     This  was  in  [4th  mo.]  last,  and  nothing 


It  appears  that  about  the  middle  of  last  month  she 
returned  to  Queensland  with  144  laborers  on  board. 
We  do  not  know  how  many  of  these  natives  were 
obtained  in  New  Guinea,  and  how  many  from  smaller 
inlands  which  are  resorted  to  by  vessels  like  the 
"  Fanny."  But  there  was  unmistakable  evidence 
that  she  had  not  made  her  cruise  without  receiving, 
as  well  as  probably  giving,  some  severe  blows.  Ac- 
cording to  a  Sydney  paper,  both  the  captain  and 
Government  agent  had  been  disabled  by  spear  and 
bullet  wounds  received  on  an  island  near  New  Ire- 
laud,  while  an  interpreter  was  killed  on  another 
island.  It  is  also  stated  that  on  one  of  these  islands 
a  determined  attempt  was  made  to  massacre  the 
whole  party.  It  is  absolutely  intolerable. that  a 
traffic  which  bears  such  fruit  should  be  carried  on 
under  the  British  flag.  With  what  consistency  can 
we  complain  of  the  outrages  committed  in  Western 
Polynesia,  by  French  labor  vessels  from  New  Cale- 
donia, when  vessels  sailing  from  our  own  ports,  in 
search  of  recruits,  become  involved  in  murderous 
conflicts  with  islanders  who  manifestly  wish  to  have 
nothing  to  do  with  white  men,  or  their  labor  con- 
tracts ?  As  for  New  Guinea,  there  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  only  the  exercise  of  sheer  compulsion 
will  induce  the  natives  to  leave  their  homes.  To 
prosecute  the  traffic  under  such  circumstances  is 
therefore  simply  to  provoke  war  and  bloodshed,  and 
to  cast  1411111  the  English  navy  the  odious  responsi- 
bilitv  of  bombarding  native  towns  by  way  of  reprisal. 
—Daily  News,  9th  mo.  14th. 

— Mormon  Missions. — A  report  of  the  Mormon 
missions  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  published  at  Salt 
Lake  City,  shows  a  membership  of  3600.  The 
Church  owns  a  large  sugar  plantation  in  Hawaii 
and  the  King  was  present  at  the  Conference. 


— Japanese  Missions. — A  native  Japanese  paper 
says  :  "  Considering  the  short  period  since  the  ' 
traduction  of  Christianity  into  this  country,  the 
strict-ion  upon  travel  in  the  interior  and  the  limited 
knowledge  of  Japanese  among  missionaries,  we  must 
lie  surprised  at  the  rapidity  with  which  that  religion 
is  taking  hold  of  the  people  and  supplanting  Budd- 
hism." 


THE    FRIEND. 

ELEVENTH  MONTH  17,  1883. 


the  principles  of  Friends,  they  would  have 
felt  that  the  charge  was  unjust  and  untrue. 

We  refer  to  this  point,  because  we  have  felt 
that  there  is  a  danger  of  attributing  to  defec- 
tion of  principle,  actions  which  may  be  the 
esult  of  misinformation,  want  of  knowledge, 
or  other  similar  causes.  And  there  is  scarcely 
anything  more  trying  to  the  feelings,  and 
more  destructive  of  love  and  unity,  than  im- 
putations which  are  felt  to  be  unjust.  Those 
who  are  conscious  of  the  powerful  influenco 
exerted  on  them  by  the  ties  of  friendship,  the 
views  of  their  associates,  and  similar  influ- 
ences, ought,  in  their  judgment  of  others,  to 
be  clothed  with  that  charity  which  thinketb 
no  evil,  where  a  more  favorable  interpretation 
can  reasonably  be  given  to  the  words  and  ac- 
tions of  others. 

In  several  of  the  Yearly  Meetings  on  this 
continent,  the  change  referred  to  has  pro- 
gressed so  far  as  to  lead  to  separations  in 
their  limits.  In  some  cases,  a  part  of  the 
members  have  withdrawn  from  meetings 
which  were  no  longer  held  after  the  ancient 
manner  of  Friends'  meetings,  and  where  doc- 
trines were  preached  inconsistent  with  our 
views,  and  have  met  apart  to  perform  Divine 
worship  free  from  the  interruptions  to  which 
they  had  been  exposed.  The  responsibility 
involved  in  such  a  step  is  very  serious;  and 
the  ultimate  consequences  may  bo  so  great, 
that  nothing  but  a  clear  sense  of  duty  would 
seem  sufficient  to  justify  an}-  in  taking  it. 
We  have  no  doubt  a  state  of  things  may  arise 
in  a  religious  body,  in  which  members  would 
be  justified  in  withdrawing  therefrom,  and 
forming  an  independent  organization  ;  as  was 
done  by  the  early  disciples  of  Christ  in  re- 
nouncing the  authority  of  the  Jewish  priests  ; 
b}r  the  Protestant  reformers  in  separating 
from  the  Romish  communion  ;  and  by  Friends 
in  their  rise  in  leaving  the  different  bodies  of 
which  they  had  been  members.  But  it  is  im- 
peratively necessary  that  this  right  be  exer- 
cised with  such  caution  and  forbearance,  and 
under  such  a  pressure  of  necessity,  as  will 
show  that  the  actors  are  not  moving  in  their 
own  heat  and  self-will;  but  under  the  con- 
straining influence  of  the  Head  of  the  Church, 
who  requires  of  them  in  this  manner  to  bear 
'      ded    testimony  to  the 


In  reflecting  on  the  events  which  are  taking 
place  in  our  beloved  Society,  and  on  the  let- 
ters and  communications  received  from  vari 
ous  parts  of  the  country, — often  from  persons 
between  whose  meetings  there  is  no  official!  a  most  opei 
intercourse — we  are  impressed  with  a  feeling  truths  of  religion, 
of  the  importance  of  preserving  that  spirit  of  In  the  progress  of  such  schisms,  it  will  be 
charity  and  of  sound  judgment,  which  will  found  that  some  who  are  united  in  their  at- 
enable  us  to  recognize  the  good  in  all.  taebment  to  the  same  doctrines  and  practices 

A  great  change  has  taken  place  in  many] yet  differ  in  their  views  as  to  the  manner  in 
parts'of  our  Society  in  the  last  thirty  years,  1  which  a  testimony  should  be  borne  thereto, 
apd  it  is  still  going" forward.  Principles  audi  In  illustration  of  this,  we  quote  the  following 
practices  which  our  forefathers  held  dearer  paragraphs  from  a  letter,  recently  received 
than  life  itself,  have  been  openly  discarded  ;  by  a  Friend  of  Philadelphia,  from  one  who  ap- 


nd  the  leaders  in  this  movement  have  gone 
to  such  lengths  that,  if  they  had  lived  in  for- 
mer times,  they  would  have  been  denied  the 
privileges  of  membership.  This  change  has 
been  gradual  in  its  progress  ;  and  many  of 
those  who  now  mourn  over  and  testify  against 
it,  could  not  see,  in  its  earlier  stages,  whither 
it  was  leading.  Some  of  these  even  censured 
those  who  contended  against  it,  as  judging  too 
harshly  of  their  brethren,  and  being  actuated 
by  a  censorious  spirit.  Yet,  as  they  main- 
tained their  attachment  to  our  principles,  in 
process  of  time,  their  eyes  were  opened  to  see 
the  real  condition  of  things,  and  they  were 
made  willing  to  endure  censure  themselves, 
and  throw  their  influence  in  favor  of  the  truth. 
If  they  had  been  charged,  in  those  days  ofj 
partial'  blindness,  with  having  departed  from  panionship,  and  sitting  in  a  very  low  spot. 


pears  to  be  a  religiously-minded,  and  honestly- 
concerned  member  of  our  Society,  residing  in 
England  : — 

"  Several  Friends  in  various  places  have  re- 
signed their  membership,  being  utterly  weary 
in  spirit  at  the  changes  and  alterations,  both 
in  doctrine  and  practice,  to  which  we  are  now 
expected  to  submit;  and  although  we  can 
quite  understand  their  great  discouragement, 
yet  there  are  others,  scattered  up  and  down, 
who  cannot  see  their  way  to  do  this,  for  we 
are  not  circumstanced  as  to  numbers  as  you 
are  in  America,  but,  like  the  shaken  olive 
tree,  one  here  and  another  there,  have  been 
left  as  in  the  'very  top  of  the  uppermost 
bough,'    almost   alone    as    to   outward    com- 


120 


THE    FRIEND. 


"■ is  one  who  Las  given  up  his  place 

amongst  us ;  he  is  a  man  of  a  very  tender 
spirit,  and  must  have  stood  entirely  alone  in 
his  meeting  for  some  years.  Another  Friend 
in  Lancashire  has  lately  done  the  same;  an  ' 
in  writing  to  tell  us  of  it,  said  that  everything 
was  now  so  different  to  when  he  first  joined 
the  .Society,  years  ago,  that  he  felt  it  best  to 
withdraw,  only  attending  meetings  for  wor- 
ship as  a  non-member." 

Such  a  letter  is  calculated  to  awaken  seri- 
ous thoughtftilness  in  several  directions,  as 
well  as  mourning  over  the  change  which  is 
taking  place  in  the  parent  Yearly^Meeting  of 
our  Society,  to  which  formerly  we  all  looked 
up  with  affectionate  regard.  But  the  lesson 
we  desire  at  this  time  to  enforce  is,  that  those 
who  love  the  same  cause,  but  do  not  seem  to 
be  led  in  the  same  line  of  action  .in  bearing 
testimony  to  it,  should  not  improperly  censure 
one  another,  but  cultivate  those  kindby  feel- 
ings which  may  render  more  easy  the  ulti- 
mate union  of  all  under  our  name  who  retain 
their  allegiance  to  Christ  Jesus,  and  walk  in 
his  holy  Light,  in  the  footsteps  in  which  the 
early  members  of  our  Society  were  led 


In  the  notice  inserted  in  our  last  number, 
of  the    decease   of  our   valued  friend  Anne 


greater,  which  will  make  the  production  $32,000,000 


matter,  and  that  it  was  not  advisable  to  return  to  t 


former  Colonial  Government,  which  was  abolished 
1866,  and  the  quasi-despotic  government  now  existi  J 
there  could  not  be  permanent.  The  Government,  Lot1 
Derby  said,  had  determined  to  take  a  new  departu1. 
in  the  government  of  Jamaica,  but  it  would  be  unwir 
to  declare  tlie  details  thereof  at  present. 

The  London  Standard's  Paris  correspondent  has  ti£|l 
an  interview  with  Ferry.    With  regard  to  China,  Fenii 


gold  and  nearly  $49,000,000  silver.  The  number  and 
value  of  the  bars  issued  and  exchanged  for  coin  indi- 
cate that  the  consumption  of  gold  in  the  arts  and  manu- 
factures was  fully  equal  to  that  in  the  previous  year,  or 
about  $12,000,000,  of  which  §7,000,000  was  domestic 
production.  The  amount  of  silver  thus  used  was  about 
half  a  million  dollars  less  than  last,  year,  being  $0, 500,- 
000,  of  which  $0,000,000  was  domestic  production.   The 

total  coin  circulation  of  the  United  States,  7th  mo.  1st,  |  entertains  the  opinion  that  the  Chinese  diplomatists 
1883,  H.  M.   Burehard  estimates  was  §705, 000,01)0,  of  neither  frank,  honest  nor  ingenuous.     He  utterly  d 
which  $537,000,000  was  gold,  and  $228,000,000  silver.   u~' 
The  production  of  gold  in  twenty  countries  is  placed  at 
$103,161,532,  and  of  silver  $109,-1 10,580,  showing  a  de- 
crease from  the  previous  year  of  $4,000,000  in  gold  and 
an  increase  of  $6,000,000  in  silver. 

From  Chicago  it  is  stated  that  several  cases  of  con- 
tagious disease,  known  as  "  Swell  Head,"  have  de- 
veloped from  the  cattle  in  the  stock  yards  there.  After 
a  scientific  examination  of  the  disease,  made  under  di- 
rection of  the  United  States  Cattle  Commission  ;  it  was 
decided  that   the   malady 

of  microscopic  plants  in  the  teeth.  '' When  the  disease 'gascar  which  could  not  be°  amicably  adjusted.  Tt 
extends  to  the  jaws  it  nearly  always  proves  fatal.  It  1  Prime  Minister  denied  that  France  liad  any  intentic 
can  he  communicated  to  man."  of  annexing  New  Guinea. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  323,  |  A  special  despatch  from  Hong  Kong  says  Admin 
which  was  17  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  Courbet  has  postponed  his  attack  on  Bac-Ninh  whei 
the  same  number  as  during  the  corresponding  period  the  Chinese  are  preparing  for  a  desperate  defence.  B 
last  year.  The  number  of  males  was  155;  of  females  [will  wait  until  the  roads  are  sufficiently  dry  to  trai 
168:  48  died  of  consumption  ;  27  of  diphtheria;  22  of  sport   heavy  cannon  over  them.     Pie  wilLbegin  tr 


believes  in  the  military  power  of  China,  and  is  fi 
convinced  that  there  is  not  the  remotest  chance  of  th  I, 
country  going  to  war.  Ferry  did  not  see  any  sue! 
eventuality  as  a  French  blockade  of  Chinese  port} 
Tonquin,  he  said,  was  not  a  Chinese  possession.  FranJ 
had  treaty  rights  over  Tonquin,  and  would  not  retre: 
from  her  position  at  the  dictation  of  China.  When  tl 
French  were  firmly  established  in  the  Red  River  Deli 
another  market  would  be  opened,  and  the  Chinese  woull 
then  acquiesce  in  the  fait  ac-ompli.  There  was  no  di! 
caused   by  the  lodgment  ference  with  England  in  regard  to  Tonquin  or  Mad. 


i;  17  of  old  age,  and  13  of 


pneumonia;  17  of  convulsi 
scarlet  fever. 

Mar/eels,  &c— U.  S.  4£'s,  registered,   113J;   coupon 
115 ;  4's,  122} ;  3's,  101 ;  currency  6's,  130  a  137. 

Cotton. —  Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  10J  a  11  cts.  pel 
Hilles,  of  Frankford,    her  age   was  not  mcn-l  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans, 
tioned.     She  was  in    her   94th   year,  and  re-      Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8J  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
tained   at   that   advanced   period   of  life   herland-%1  a  9J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 
mental  faculties,  and  her  love  of  religion.         I J^  J™^  ^nne^xtrTat  STa *%>, 

Pennsylvania  family  at  $5;   western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6, 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS.  and  patents  at  SO  a  $7.     Hye  flour  was  firm  at  §3.75 

United  States.— The  State  Department  at  Wash-  per  barrel  for  choice, 

ington   is  in  receipt  of  information   from  the   United)      Grain. — Wheat  continues  in  fair  demand,  but  prices 

States  Vice  Consul  at  Turin  that  there  will  be  no  di-|  were  unsettled  and  rather  lower.     About  9000  bush  " 

vision  or  distinction  of  nationality  among  the  exhibitors  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.17;   No.  2  at 

at  next  year's  Electrical  Exposition.  |$1.08ia$1.13  per  bushel;  No.  3  red  at  §1.01  per  bushel. 

The  latest  returns  of  the  cotton  crop,  made  to  the  t!°rn — Car  lots  were  firm.     About  8500  bushels  sold  in 

Agricultural  Department,  show  a  slight  improvement  lots  at  57  a  62  cts.  a  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime 

since  the  last  report.     The  indicated  product,  consider-'  yellow,  and  40,000  bushels  sail,  mixed,  at  60  a  04:,  cts. 

ing  rate  of  yield  and  acreage,  is  nearly  86  per  cent,  of,  Oats.— Car  lots  were  firmly  held  ;  about  10,000  bushel 


last  year  s  crop. 

The  Wilmington  Every  Evening  publishes  reports  of 
the  peach  trade  of  the  Delaware  Peninsula,  showing  that 
the  total  shipments  of  peaches  last  season  amonnted  to 
3,603,705  baskets.  The  quantity  consumed  bycanners, 
dryers  and  evaporators  for  home  use  was  from  1,000,000 
to  1,500,000  baskets. 

Further  particulars  of  the  tornado  in  Missouri  show 
that  not  only  Springfield,  hut  Brooklinc  auJ  other 
Dlapoo  «»fctJ.  Seven  persons  are  reported  killed  and 
a  large  number  injured,  four  of  whom  have  since  died, 
and  the  loss  of  property  is  estimated  at  $250,000. 

The  National  Fat  Stock  Show  opened  in  Chicago  on 
the  14th  inst.  Entries  have  been  received  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  The  Con- 
vention is  called  by  Professor  Loring,  President  of  the 
U.  S.  Treasury  Cattle  Commission,  to  consult  in  regard 
to  the  prevention  of  the  spread  of  contagions  diseases 
among  cattle.  Commissioners  will  be  present  from 
England,  Germany  and  France. 

Observances  of  the  400th  anniversary  of  Martin 
Lulher's  birth,  were  held  in  various  places  of  worship 
in  Philadelphia  and  othe/  places  in  this  country. 

Superintendent  Maxwell,  of  the  Cincinnati  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  reports  that  during  the  year  past  the 
manufacture  of  malt  liquors  in  Cincinnati,  Covington 
and  Newport,  aggregated  875,000  barrels.  This  is  47,- 
000  more  than  in  the  previous  year,  and  is  equivalent 
to  555  glasses  per  annum  for  every  man,  woman  and 
child  in  the  three  cities. 

Three  boys,  from  Boston,  have  recently  been  arrested 
in  Savannah,  Georgia,  as  vagrants.  They  arrived  at 
Savannah  as  stowaways  on  a  Boston  steamer.  Having 
read  dime  novels,  they  were  "on  their  way  to  find  the 
retreat  of  Billy  Bowlegs,  in  Okefinokee  Swamp." 

Full  returns  of  the  vote  of  eleven  counties  in  Dakota, 
with  partial  returns  from  twelve  others,  show  that  out 
of  7000  votes  cast  5000  were  for  the  new  Constitution. 

From  the  annual  report  of  II.  M.  Burehard,  Director 
of  the  Mint,  it  appears  that  the  production  of  gold  for 
the  current  calendar  year  will  probably  be  $500,000 
less  than  in  1882,  and  that  of  silver  at  least  $2,000,000 


j  sold  in  lots  at  36  a  38  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to 
quality.  Rye  was  firmly  held  ;  small  sales  of  Pennsyl- 
vania are  reported  at  00  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  11th 
mo.  10th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  329;  loads  of  straw,  46. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  85  a  95 
cts.  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  70  a  SO  ct».  per  10U  pounds. 

Foreign.— An  explosion  took  place  at  S.30  on  the 
morning  of  11th  mo.  8th,  in  the  Moorfield  Colliery,  at 
Accrington,  Lancashire.  There  were  110  miners  in  the 
colliery  at  the  time  of  the  explosion.  Government  in- 
spectors have  descended  into  the  mine.  It  is  believed 
that  at  least  63  miners  have  lost  their  lives. 

The  Government  has  issued  orders  for  the  withdrawal 
from  Egypt  of  a  large  number  of  the  British  troops  in 
that  country. 

The  further  prorogation  of  Parliament  until  the 
of  12th  month  is  officially  announced. 

The  Pull  Mall  Gazette  says  that  it  is  probable  that  the 
Government  will  introduce  at  the  next  session  of  Par- 
liament, a  Household  Suffrage  bill,  which  shall  apply 
to  both  town  and  country  in  all  parts  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland  alike.  A  bill  for  the  redistribution  of  seats 
in  the  House  of  Commons  will  probably  follow  the 
above  measure.  The  Government  has  not  finally  de- 
cided upon  its  programme,  but  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette 
has  reason  to  believe  that  the  above  mentioned  one  will 
be  adopted. 

The  Freeman'  Journal  publishes  the  full  text  of  a 
circular  proposing  wholesale  emigration  from  Ireland, 
which,  it  is  alleged,  the  Government  issued,  though  the 
authorities  have  disavowed  any  connection  with  the 
paper. 

The  West  Indian  Association  in  an  interview  with 
Lord  Derby,  the  Colonial  Secretary,  has  stated  to  him 
the  feeling  existing  in  Jamaica  over  the  fact  that  the 
people  have  no  control  over  the  Legislative  Council. 
The  Association  expressed  the  desire  of  the  Colony  of 
Jamaica  for  the  extension  of  the  number  of  unofficial 
members  of  the  Legislature.  Lord  Derby  in  reply 
said  that  the  Home  Government  was  considering  the 


march  early  in  12th  month,  by  which  time  CI: 
have  decided  whether  she  assist  the  garrison  at  Ba 
Ninh. 

Festivals  were  held  on  the  10th  and  11th  instants,  i 
various  parts  of  Germany  and  elsewhere  in  Europe,  i 
commemoration  of  the  birth  day  of  Martin  Luther. 

The  Crown  Prince  Frederick  William  of  German; 
expected  to  make  a  journey  to  Madrid  by  way  of  Munic 
and  Genoa, — leaving  home  on  the  15th  and  arriving  i 
Spain  about  the  18th. 

The  Madrid  Gazette  publishes  a  circular  of  tr 
Minister  of  Finance  to  the  financial  delegates  of  th 
provinces,  enjoining  the  greatest  attention  to  the  colle. 
tion  of  taxes  in  order  to  increase  the  revenue.  Spaii 
the  Financial  Minister  says,  has  arrived  at  a  degree 
prosperity  unknown  for  many  years,  the  Budget  show 
ing  a  surplus.  In  regard  to  the  present  Budget  he  sa} 
it  will  be  unnecessary  to  employ  all  the  extraordinar 
resources  voted  by  the  Cortes;  and  he  hopes,  in  regar 
to  future  Budgets,  that  the  estimated  expenditure  wi 
be  covered  by  permanent  resources. 

It  is  officially  reported  that  1256  head  of  cattle  die 
of  rinderpest  in  a  month  (ending  9th  month  27th,)  i 
the  province  of  Podolia,  Russia. 

The  Republic  of  Guatemala  has  engaged  a  Ceylo 
planter  to  introduce  into  that  country  500,000  cinehon 
trees,  for  obtaining  Peruvian  bark,  from  which  is  dis 
tilled  the  salts  known  as  quinine,  owing  to  the  grea 
increase  in  the  use  of  cinchona  bark,  not  only  for  qui 
nine  and  as  an  ingredient  in  a  substitute  for  hops,  bu 
for  various  commerci:  ' 


to  fake  charge  c 
School  to'opei 


WANTED, 

A  well  qualified  Friend,  as  teacl 
Friends'  School  at  Springville,  Io 
early  in  nextjnonth.     Apply  to    B.  V.  Stanley, 

Springville,  Linn  county,  Iowa. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowi 
Station  on    the    arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  iff.  train   fron 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

Married,  11th  mo.  6th,  at  Friends'  Meeting  house' 
corner  of  Sixth  and  Noble  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  Henr'I 
A.  LirriNCOTT,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Sarah,  daughte'i 
of  John  S.  and  Mary  K.  Palmer,  of  Germantown. 


Died,  5th  mo.  1st,  1883,  Maria  Penrose,  in  tlxj 
75th  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Hickory  Grovij 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  Iowa. 

— ,  at  her  residence  in  this  city,  9th  mo.  3d,  1S83' 
Ann  M.,  wife  of  Samuel  N.  Troth,  M.  D.,  in  the  66th: 
year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Northern  District  Monthly 
Meeting  of  Friends, 

— ,  10th  month  15th,  18S3,  Thomas  Scatter- 
good,  in  the  Slst  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  tht 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  for  the] 
Northern  District. 

,    11th    month    4th,    near   Iladdonfield,   N.   J. 

Chari.es    L.    Wii.dits,   a    member   of   Haddonlieltl 
Monthly  Meeting,  in  the  70th  year  of  his  age. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  ELEVENTH  MONTH  24, 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,    if  paid   in    advance,   $2.00  per  annum. 


JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


Letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 


To 


(Continued  from  page  114.) 


"1st  mo.  18lh,  1S52. 
Dew  Friend,— Thy  plaintive  language  has 
brought  me  into  near  sympathy  with  thee; 
and  having  had  to  pass  through  much  of  the 
same  kind  of  exercise,  I  trust  I  can  fully  un- 
derstand the  deep  travail  of  thy  soul.  I  am 
ready  to  rejoice  in  it,  as  affording  an  evidence 
that  thou  art  not  forsaken,  but  that  the  Lord 
is  graciously  at  work  to  make  thee  more  and 
more  fully  acquainted  with  himself,  and  by 
means  of  deep  and  humbling  baptisms  to  pre- 
pare thee  for  his  service, — to  shovv  thee  the 
depths  of  thy  own  weakness,  and  the  abound- 
ings  of  his  loving-kindness,  power,  and  truth. 
I  can  assure  thee  that  the  path  thou  art 
travelling  in,  is  the  path  which  the  righteous 
in  all  generations  have  had  to  travel  in  ;  and 
.  if  we  are  careful  not  to  turn  away  and  with- 
draw ourselves  from  under  the  Divine  hand, 
we  shall  find  by  and  by  that  these  light  afflic- 
tions,  which  are  but  for  a  moment,  work  out 
for  us  a  far  more  exceeding  and  eternal  weight 
of  glory. 

What  is  it  that  causes  thee  to  mourn  and 
lament  over  thj'self  ?  Is  it  not  because  thou 
rart  sensible  that  the  natural  man  is  prone  to 
evil  as  the  sparks  fly  upward  ?  Is  it  not  be- 
cause thou  art  enabled  to  see  that  if  thou 
art  left  to  thyself,  thou  wilt  be  in  a  sad  and 
mournful  condition  ?  And  does  not  thy  soul 
mourn  towards  the  Lord,  that  He  would  be 
pleased  to  help  thee,  and  that  He  would  not 
forsake  thee  in  the  hour  of  temptation  ?  We 
are  all  of  us  truly  weak  and  feeble  creatures, 
and  unless  sustained  by  that  hand  which  is 
over  all  the  power  of  the  enemy,  we  must  all 
L"fall.  Well  then,  how  important  to  keep  the 
'faith  in  all  our  trials.  I  am  abundantly  con- 
vinced that  this  is  the  great  point;  and  not 
to  lose  our  hope  in  the  God  of  our  salvation. 
We  have  a  potent  enemy  to  war  with,  and 
the  temptations  which  are  presented  to  us, 
are  those  in  which  access  is  most  easity  gained. 
With  the  ambitious  and  proud  in  spirit,  it  is 
to  lift  them  above  the  witness;  with  the  fear- 
ful and  trembling  traveller,  it  is  to  sink  them 
so  low  as  to  lose  that  hold  on  that  which  is 
able  to  sustain  them  ;  and  when  that  is  gone, 
to  draw  them  back  again  into  the  world,  to 
find  something  to  rest  their  souls  upon,  and 


sink  them  in  the  mire  and  in  the  clay.  How 
are  we  to  stand  against  these  things?  How 
shall  we  escape  the  snares  of  the  wicked  one? 
'  Be  still,  and  know  that  I  am  God.  I  will  be  ex- 
alted among  the  heathen,  I  will  be  exalted  in 
the  earth.'  O,  my  dear  friend  and  brother, 
seek  after  this  experience.  Sink  down  in 
spirit  to  the  foundation.  Say,  Thou  knowest 
me,  O  Lord,  just  as  I  am  !  Thou  canst  change 
mo,  and  keep  me,  and  sustain  me  by  the  right 
hand  of  thy  righteousness.  Turn  me,  and  re- 
store my  soul,  and  lead  me  in  the  paths  of 
righteousness  for  thj-  name  sake.  I  truly  be- 
lieve that  such  an  engagement  is  most  accept- 
able in  the  divine  sigbC  and  that  the  Lord  is 
nigh  unto  all  them  that  call  upon  Him,  to  all 
that  call  upon  Him  in  truth.  Leave  the  things 
that  are  behind.  Eemember  that  it  is  by  grace 
we  are  saved,  through  faith;  and  this  grace 
is  not  of  ourselves.  It  is  the  gift  of  God  ;  and 
He  giveth  to  all  men  liberally  and  upbraideth 
not.  Cast  thyself  then  upon  the  bosom  of 
thy  Redeemer.  Cast  all  thy  sins  upon  Him, 
for  He  bore  our  sins  in  his  own  body  on  the 
tree,  that  we  being  dead  to  sin,  might  live 
unto  righteousness.  O,  it  is  a  blessed  thing 
thus  to  be  brought  low  ;  and  to  find  it  needful 
to  cast  all  our  care  on  Him  who  caret h  for 
us.  Be  willing  to  come  back  again  to  the  be- 
ginning. Remember  that  Christ,  the  Word 
of  the  living  God,  that  in  which  thou  wast 
drawn  in  early  life  to  believe,  is  not  only  the 
beginning,  but  the  end  of  the  saints'  faith  ; 
and  that  after  all  we  can  or  may  do,  He  is  to 
be  our  Mediator,  and  the  means  of  acceptance 
with  the  Father ;  and  that  it  is  only  and  alone 
by  and  through  Him,  that  we  can  hope  for 
eternal  life.  I  can  truly  say  I  long  for  thee 
as  for  a  son  or  a  brother,  that  thou  mayest 
not  lose  thy  faith  in  this  divine  and  living 
Word,  by  which  the  worlds  were  made,  and 
which  is  nigh  thee,  even  in  thy  heart  and  in 
thy  mouth  ;  but  that,  through  a  patient  abid- 
ing under  the  turnings  and  overturnings  of 
the  Lord's  hand,  thou  mayest  be  prepared  as 
a  vessel  for  use  in  the  Master's  house;  and 
finally  be  admitted  among  the  number  of 
those  who,  through  much  tribulation,  enter 
the  kingdom. 

Let  me  encourage  thee  to  read  in  the 
Psalms,  the  experience  of  those  who  in  old 
time  sought  after  the  Lord.  Thou  wilt  see 
there,  that  such  have  many  times  been  ready 
to  conclude,  as  thou  bast,  that  they  were 
utterly  cast  off.  But  0,  how  fervent  are  their 
cries,  and  how  firm  their  faith  under  all  their 
trials!  They  found  no  dependence  but  God  ; 
and  as  their  eye  was  kept  single  to  Him,  they 
witnessed  deliverance,  uot  only  from  those 
things  which  would  have  drawn  them  away 
from  Him,  but  from  that  greatest  of  all  temp- 
tations, mistrust  of  his  providence  and  his 
power.  Thou  wilt  find  in  many  of  the  Psalms 
much  that  has  a  tendency  to  help  us  in  these 
our  exercises ;  and  as  the  breathings  of  the 
Lord's  children  are  in  all  ages  the  same,  we 
shall  find  in  deep  and  reverent  waiting  upon 


Him,  that  these  things  which  have  been  ut- 
tered by  others  are  for  our  comfort,  or  in  the 
languago  of  the  apostle,  'That  through  pa- 
tience and  comfort  of  the  Scriptures  we  might 
have  hope.' 

And,  finally,  '  I  commend  thee  to  God  and 
the  word  of  his  grace;  which  is  able  to  build 
thee  up,  and  togive  thee  an  inheritance  among 
all  them  that  are  sanctified,'  through  faith 
that  is  in  Him. 

My  dear  love  is  to  thy  wife.  Her  letters 
to  me  have  been  most  acceptable  and  helpful 
in  my  painful  pilgrimage  of  latter  time — the 
last  one  especially  so.  You  will  perhaps  hear 
that  I  have  been  engaged  in  visiting  the 
families  of  Friends  in  this  Monthly  Meeting! 
In  which  exercise  I  have  been  led  to  see  my 
own  nothingness  in  an  eminent  manner.  I 
shall  be  truly  glad  to  hear  from  you  of  your 
welfare,  and  that  through  faithfulness  to  the 
discoveries  of  duty,  you  may  bo  enabled  to 
exalt  the  standard  of  Truth,  for  the  benefit  of 
others,  and  to  the  peace  of  your  own  souls. 

And  now  I  can  say  to  thyself  and  wife, 
Pray  for  us  that  we  may  be  strengthened  to 
stand  in  the  evil  day,  and  having  done  all,  to 
stand.  I  remain  with  much  love,  thine,  and 
your  affectionate  friend, 

Wm.  Scattergood." 

To  his  daughter  A. 

"Concord,  4th  mo.  29th,  1855. 

My  dear  Annie, — My  thoughts  have  been 
so  much  with  thee  within  the  past  week,  in 
thy  new  and  responsible  position,  that  I  think 
I  shall  feel  best  satisfied  to  drop  thee  a  line  or 
two  by  way  of  encouragement,  that  thou 
mayest  be  engaged  to  seek  for  help  to  bear 
the  new  burdens  which  are  laid  upon  thee, 
where  it  may  be  found.  I  cannot  but  believe 
that  thou  art  made  sensible  sometimes  that 
without  help  from  on  high,  thou  art  not  fitted 
for  rightly  discharging  thy  duty  as  a  mother  ; 
and  art  often  exercised  in  other  respects,  that 
thou  mayest  act  with  uprightness  so  as  to 
gain  the  Lord's  favor;  and  be  enabled  fully 
to  discharge  thyself  in  all  the  relations  of  life, 
so  as  to  give  no  cause  of  offence  to  any ;  and 
according  to  thy  station  and  circumstances 
to  be  an  example  to  those  around  thee. 

Thou  wilt  find,  as  life  advances,  new  temp- 
tations and  trials  besetting  thee  on  every 
hand  ;  and  secret  discouragement  may  at  times 
come  over  thee  in  a  sense  of  thy  own  weak- 
ness and  inability  of  thyself  to  overcome 
them.  Fervent  desires  are  begotten  in  my 
heart,  that  thou  mayest  be  engaged  to  wait 
upon  the  Lord  for  strength,  and  that  a  daily 
firm  reliance  upon  Him  may  be  witnessed, 
whereby  the  mind  will  experience  strength 
afforded  from  one  time  to  another,  faithfully 
to  fulfil  thy  share  of  duty  and  service,  both 
with  respect  to  Him  as  Supreme,  and  towards 
thy  fellow  men.  '  Many  arc  the  afflictions  of 
the  righteous,  but  the  Lord  delivereth  him 
out  of  them  all.'  This  was  the  experience  of 
one  in  old  time,  and  will  be  the  experience  of 


122 


THE    FRIEND. 


all  those  who  'trust  in  the  Lord  with  all  then- 
heart,  and  lean  not  to  their  own  understand- 
ing.' Make  it  thy  daily  business  to  retire 
into  the  secret  of  thy  own  heart,  with  earnest 
desires  after  Divine  help  ;  and  thus  He  who 
hears  the  crying  of  the  poor,  and  the  sighing 
of  the  needy,  will  he  found  to  be  near  in  the 
time  of  trial,  and  will  prove  himself  a  defence 
on  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left;  a  rock  of 
safet3'  in  every  storm  and  tempest.  I  doubt 
not  thou  art  in  measure— may  I  not  say  in 
good  measure  —  acquainted  with  the  daily 
watch!  O,  keep  to  this  with  prayer  and  sup- 
plication ;  that  so  thou  mayest  indeed  come 
to  know  what  it  is  to  pray  without  ceasing. 
Thus  will  there  be  a  barrier  erected  in  thy 
heart,  over  which  the  floods  of  temptation 
and  discouragement  cannot  come;  but  in 
which  thou  wilt  be  favored  with  an  holy 
serenity  of  mind,  and  know  a  little  ability 
afforded  from  one  time  to  another,  to  sa}T, 
'Abba,  Father!'  in  the  sense  that  God  is  in- 
deed thy  Father  and  thy  Friend.  I  do  not 
wish  to  multiply  words,  but  I  have  been 
brought  into  true  sympath}'  with  thee;  and 
I  trust  into  a  willingness  to  bear  a  share  with 
thee  in  the  trials  of  thy  day,  sincerely  desir- 
ing thy  encouragement. 

I  am  thy  truly  affectionate  father, 

W.  S." 

(To  be  concluded.) 

The  Conscript  Quakers. 

Condensed  from  a  narrative  ivritten  by  Ethan 
Foster,  of  Westerly,  R.  I. 

Tn  the  summer  of  1863,  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  ordered  a  draft,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  increasing  the  force  to  put  down  the 
rebellion  in  the  Slave  States.  Several  mem- 
bers of  the  smaller  body  in  New  England 
were  drafted.  Some  of  these  were  exempted 
on  account  of  physical  disability.  Two  mem- 
bers of  Rhode  Island  Quarterly  Meeting,  how- 
ever, were  held ;  as  were  two  others — one  a 
young  man  from  Maine,  then  at  the  Providence 
Boarding  School,  and  the  other  a  "  Rogerine," 
so  called,  a  sect  which  also  renounces"  war  ; 
and  is  principally  located  at  Groton,  Connec- 
ticut. The  cases  of  these  young  men  were 
taken  in  charge  by  a  committee  of  South 
Kingstown  (Rhode  Island)  Monthly  Meeting 
of  Friends,'  appointed  for  the  purpose,  and 
Charles  Perry  and  myself  were  designated  to 
acton  their  behalf  and  obtain  relief  if  possible. 

We  had  several  interviews  with  the  State 
authorities — the  Governor  (James  Y.  Smith), 
and  the  Provost  Marshal  (Alfred  B.  Chadsey), 
both  of  whom  manifested  much  sympathy  for 
our  suffering  friends,  and  expressed  a  willing- 
ness to  do  whatever  they  could  to  help  them. 
They  finally  recommended  that  we  should 
lay  thocase  before  the  President  of  the  United 
States.  In  accordance  with  this  advice  we 
went  to  Washington  not  long  after  the  battle 
of  Gett3^sburg.  President  Lincoln  received 
us  kindly,  but  said  he  did  not  see  how  he 
could  grant  our  friends  exemption  from  mili- 
tary service,  without  so  far  "  letting  down  t/u 
bars"  as  to  render  nugatory  all  his  efforts  t< 
crush  the  rebellion.  Upon  being  told  that 
we  did  not  look  upon  it,  in  that  light,  he  suit 
it  amounted  to  that;  dwelt  much  on  the  dilli 
culties  which  would  attend  the  exemption  o 
any  portion  of  those  by  law  subject  to  draft 
said  that  if  he  began,  there  would  bo  no  stop 
ping  place;  spoke  of  the  difficulties  with 
which  ho  was  boset  on  every  hand;  of  the 
trouble  he  was  having  with  tho  Governor  of 


New  York  on  account  of  the  draft  in  tbatl     Soon  after  we  entered  the  War  Office,  the 
State  ;  said  ho  had  not  time  to  give  attention  Secretary  of  State  (VVm.  H.  Seward)  came 
and   thought  to  these   matters;  that  before  and  took  a  seat 


one  thing  was  duly  considered  and  d 
another  of  a  totally  different  character  was 
presented  and  pressed  upon  his  attention ; 
that  anything  he  might  do  or  say  to-day 
would  be  in  the  public  papers  to-morrow,  and 
be  heralded  from  Maine  to  Georgia.  Atlength, 
however,  he  said  that  he  "  should  be  very  un- 
willing for  any  truly  conscientious  person  to 
be  made  to  suffer;"  immediately  adding,  "but 
even  this  must  not  be  repeated.  He  finally 
asked,  "What  can  we  do  for  you?  I  don't 
see  what  we  can  do."    I  replied  that  our  Gov- 

nor  suggested  that  he  might  think  it  would 
do  to  release  these  men  on  parole ;  to  hold 
them  subject  to  call.  At  this  he  was  silent 
for  some  time  and  made  no  reply  to  the  re- 
mark ;  but  I  thought  it  struck  him  favorably, 
and  that  if  anything  was  ultimately  done,  this 
course  might  be  pursued. 

The  President  said  it  would  not  do  to  make 
a  special  exception  in  the  case  of  Friends  ; 
that  there  were  others  who  professed  to  be 
conscientiously  opposed  to  war.  We  acknowl 
edged  this,  and  expressed  a  hope  that  if  an) 
favors  were  granted,  it  would  be  done  impar 
tially.  I  remarked,  however,  that  I  never 
theless  thought  the  claims  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  stronger  than  those  of  any  other 
class,  from  the  fact  that  they  had  long  since 
abolished  slavery  within  their  own  borders: 
and  that  if  every  other  of  the  religious  de 
nominations  had  done  the  same,  we  should 
not  have  had  this  war;  to  which  he  replied, 
"  You  never  said  a  truer  thing  than  that." 

Immediately  after  what  was  said  about  re 
leasing  the  men  on  parole,  the  President  said 
to  his  clerk,   "Take  down  the  names  of  the 


He  remained  silent  unti  » 
conference  with  Secretary  Stanton  was! 
concluded ;  when  Charles  Perry  (who  haoj 
an  impression  that  Seward,  when  Governoil 
of  New  York,  had  recommended  the  passj 
age  of  a  law  to  exempt  from  military  serj 
vice  those  who  were  conscientiously  opposett 
to  war)  turned  to  him  expecting  a  word  o:j 
sympathy  and  encouragement,  and  remarket] 
that  he  would  perceive  why  we  were  there  I 
upon  which  he  suddenly  and  with  muctl 
vehemence  of  manner  asked,  "  Why  don'ij 
the  Quakers  fight?"  Charles  replied,  "Bel 
cause  they  believe  it  wrong,  and  cannot  del 
it  with  a  clear  conscience."  He  reprimand  ( 
ed  us  severely  because  we  refused  to  fight! 
After  a  little  pause  I  said,  "  Well,  if  thitl 
world  were  all,  perhaps  we  might  take  thv 
advice;"  to  which  he  responded,  "  The  way 
to  get  along  well  in  the  next  world  is  tcj 
do  your  duty  in  this."  I  replied,  "  That  m 
what'we  are  trying  to  do;  and  now,  I  wanij 
to  ask  thee  one  question,  and  I  want  thee  tcj 
answer  it ;  whose  prerogative  is  it  to  decide  I 
what  my  duty  is,  thine  or  mine?"  He  dicl 
not  answer  the  question,  but  became  more] 
angry  and  excited  ;  asked,  "  Why,  then,  don'ij 
you  pay  the  commutation?"  We  told  hirr| 
we  could  see  no  difference  between  the  re] 
sponsibility  of  doing  an  act  ourselves  and  thai! 
of  hiring  another  to  do  it  for  us.  On  this  h(j 
sprang  from  his  seat  and  strided  around  in  c 8 
circle  of  some  eight  or  ten  feet  across,  exclaim  ■' 
ing,  "  Then  Til  pay  it  for  you,"  and  thrustind 
his  hand  into  his  coat  pocket,  added,  "  I'll  givv\ 
you  my  check!" 

Immediately  after  this  exhibition,  we  tools! 
our  leave  in  much  sadness,  at  treatment  scj 


men  on  whose  behalf  these  gentlemen  are  opposite  to  that  we  had  expected  from  Secre 
here,  and  put  the  paper  where  you  can  lay  tary  Seward. 

your  hand  on  it."  When,  in  the  course  of  the  I  We  went  directly  to  the  President's  house; 
conversation,  I  remarked  that  I  did  not  know 'and  found  him  ready  to  receive  us  pleasantly! 
that  any  Friends  had  been  forced  into  the  and  kindly.  We  told  him  what  Secretary! 
rebel  army  by  Jeff.  Davis,  he  replied,  "  Yes  Stanton  had  said  as  to  the  impossibility  of  an 
there  have,  for  we  liberated  five  a  few  days  order  being  given  to  meet  such  cases  as  these .; 
since,  who  were  taken  prisoners  at  the  battle  which  was,  indeed,  no  more  than  we  had  an-' 
of  Gettysburg,  and  were  then  confined  in  Fort  ticipated.  We  told  the  President  that  we  had 
Delaware."  |metwith  Secretary  Seward  at  the  War  Office 

He  advised  us  to  consult  the  Secretary  of  and  of  his  harsh  treatment  of  us ;  that  we; 


War  in  regard  to  the  matter,  and  gave  us  a 
note  of  introduction  to  Secretary  Stanton. 
He  said  he  did  not  know  whether  any  order 
had  been  given  that  would  affect  cases  of  this 
kind.  Upon  taking  leave  of  the  President  wc 
asked  if  we  could  see  him  again,  after  our  in- 
terview with  the  Secretary  of  War,  should  wo 
desh'e  it.  "Oh,  yes,"  he  said,  "come  right 
here  and  I  will  see  you  again." 


were  very  glad  of  this  second  opportunit}7  tc 
see  him,  for  we  feared  that  the  strong  feelings; 
of  Secretary  Seward  against  us  might  have: 
an  unfavorable  influence  with  him.  He  was 
walking  the  room  at  the  time,  and  on  hearing 
this,  raised  his  head  suddenly,  and  said  with 
a  smile,  "  Oh  !  he  wouldn't  say  half  as  much 
to  me  when  you  were  gone."  After  some 
further  talk  in  which   his  sympathy  with  ue 


Secretary  Stanton  received  us  courteously,  I  was  plainly  manifested,  I  think  I  may  say  we 
and  we  opened  to  him  the  object  of  our  call ;  took  an  affectionate  leave  of  him. 


stated  what  tho  President  bad  said  as  to 
whether  or  not  any  order  had  been  issued  to 
meet  such  cases.  He  replied,  "  No,  and  there 
can  be  none."  We  set  forth  as  well  as  we  could 
the  distress  of  our  young  friends,  in  being 
called  on  for  service  in  the  war.  which  they 
could  not  in  conscience  perform.  The  Secre- 
tary  gave  little  or  no  encouragement  that  he 
could  help  us  out  of  our  troubles,  but  he  told 
us  that  his  own  parents  were  Friends,  and 
spoke  of  those  they  had  liberated  from  Port 
Delaware,  of  whom  the  President  had  told  us; 
said  that  Thomas  Evans  (a  Friend  of  Phila- 
delphia whom  we  knew)  came  to  Washington 
on  their  behalf,  &c.  The  Provost  Marshal 
(Fry)  also  treated  us  with  much  civility. 


On  our  return  wo  stopped  at  Philadelphia, 
to  learn  what  further  we  could  of  the  five 
Friends  who  had  been  in  the  rebel  array.  We 
wont  to  the  house  of  Thomas  Evans,  where 
they  were  stajung,  kindly  eared  for  by  him- 
self and  others.  We  had  much  conversation 
with  them  of  great  interest;  found  that  they 
had  persistently  refused  to  bear  arms,  or  to 
do  anj-thing  that  would  implicate  them  in 
taking  the  lives  of  their  fellow-men.  Four  of 
them  had  been  treated  with  a  good  degree  of 
consideration;  no  effort  having  been  made  (<i 
compel  them  to  bear  arms.  But  one  had 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  hardened  and  cruel 
officer,  who  treated  him  with  severity,  to  the 
extent  even  of  riding  his  horse  against  him 


THE    FRIEND. 


123 


thus  throwing  him  down  and  riding  over  him, 
without,  however,  doing  him  any  material 
injury.  The  horse  was  more  merciful  than 
bis  rider,  and  refused  to  step  on  him.  When 
he  rose,  the  officer  said  to  him  with  an  oath, 
"I  have  not  done  with  you  yet.  I  will  either 
make  you  fight  or  I  will  kill  you."  At  one 
time  he  drew  up  a  corps  of  his  men  in  file,  and 
ordered  them  to  shoot  him.  In  this  extremity 
the  young  man  exclaimed,  "  Father,  forgive 
them;  they  know  not  what  they  do."  The 
soldiers  were  reached,  and  refused  to  obey, 
saying,  "  We  cannot  shoot  this  man."  This 
was  but  a  short  time  before  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  early  in  which  engagement,  this 
officer  was  killed  ;  and  the  non-combatants 
were  sent  to  the  rear.  The  rebels  were  ob- 
liged to  retreat,  and  these  Friends  being 
found  after  the  battle  were  taken  prisoners 
as  already  stated. 

We  stayed  over  First-day  at  Thomas  Evans' 
and  attended  their  Quarterly  Meeting  in  Phila- 
delphia on  Second-day;  then  returned  home. 

(To  be   concluded.) 

Ceremonial  Cleanliness. 

Wm.  M.  Thomson  describes  a  Moslem  sect, 
called  Metawileh,  living  in  the  mountains 
above  Tyre  and  Sidon.  They  will  neither 
eat  nor  drink  with  those  of  another  faith, 
except  the  Moslems.  They  are  polluted  by 
the  mere  touch  of  a  Christian,  and  will  break 
any  jar,  dish  or  cooking  utensil  which  may 
have  been  accidentally  used  by  one  of  that 
6ect.  Yet  they  are  intolerably  filthy  in  their 
habits  and  dwellings.  The  Jewish  law  which 
obliged  persons  affected  with  loathsome  dis- 
eases to  dwell  without  the  camp  is  still  ob- 
served by  these  people.  Wm.  M.  Thomson 
saj's  that  he  spent  the  summer  months  of 
1852  in  avillage  above  Sidon.  The  inhabitants 
were  nearly  all  Metawileh  and  very  fanatical. 
On  a  rocky  hill  south  of  the  Castle,  a  poor 
woman  was  thus  separated,  living  in  a  booth 
of  green  branches.  She  was  not  allowed  to 
leave  her  solitary  shelter,  and  no  one  was 
permitted  to  visit  her  but  the  person  who 
carried  her  daily  allowance  of  food.  There 
she  passed  many  days  and  nights  until  re- 
leased by  death  from  her  sufferings. 

"  We  remonstrated  with  the  people  against 
such  barbarity,  and  the  men  consented  to 
have  her  brought  into  a  hired  room,  where 
we  could  provide  suitable  food,  and  prescribe 
for  her  disease.  But  the  women  rose  in 
furious  clamor  and  rebellion  against  the  pro- 
posal, and  it  had  to  be  abandoned.  Indeed, 
it  was  ascertained  that  the  dj-ing  wretch 
herself  would  neither  take  our  medicines  nor 
taste  our  food." 

"  If  the  laws  of  Moses  concerning  things 
and  persons  unclean  were  intended  to  keep 
the  Jews  from  mingling  with  the  surrounding 
nations,  nothing  more  effectual  could  have 
been  devised  for  this  purpose.  The  Metawileh 
thus  live  separated,  both  in  fact  and  feeling 
'from  their  neighbors.  Of  course  they  refuse 
to  eat  with  all  classes  except  Moslems.  It 
;  was  so  with  the  Jews.  Peter  said  to  Cornelius, 
;' Ye  know  how  it  is  an  unlawful  thing  for  a 
man  that  is  a  Jew  to  keep  company,  or  come 
unto  one  of  another  nation  ;'  and  it  required 
a  voice  from  heaven  thrice  repeated  to  con- 
vince him,  that  he  '  should  not  call  any  man 
common  or  unclean.'  (Acts  x.  28.)  Nor  did 
his  divine  vision  permanently  cure  him  of 
this  deeply-rooted  feeling,  for  not  long  after 
it  he  separated  himself,  fearing  to  eat  with 


Gentile  converts  at  Antioch,  and  was  led  into 
a  dissimulation  in  consequence,  which  Paul 
openly  rebuked." 

For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

BEAR  YE  ONE  ANOTHER'S  BURTHENS. 

John  Richardson  mentions  in  his  journal, 
that  after  the  Lord  had  sent  him  forth  in  the 
work  of  th'e  ministry,  in  one  of  his  early  jour- 
neys, he  came  to  Warwick,  and  visited  Wil- 
liam Dewsberry,  who  inquired,  by  what  route 
he  came.  John  says,  "  In  my  account  of  the 
particular  towns  and  places  I  had  passed 
through,  I  mentioned  Coventry,  which  was 
the  last  and  the  worst;  for  some  of  the  rude 
people  flung  stones  at  me,  as  I  was  speaking 
in  the  meeting,  with  great  violence,  so  that 
had  the  Lord  suffered  them  to  have  hit  me, 
they  must  have  spoiled  me  ;  but  my  faith  in 
the  Lord,  and  the  strength  of  the  Truth  bore 
up  my  mind  above  fear  of  the  outward  man, 
or  what  wicked  men  could  do  to  me.  After 
William  had  heard  my  account,  he  fixed  his 
eyes  on  me  and  said,  'Thou  must  go  back 
again  to  Coventry.'  I  appeared  unwilling  for 
two  reasons;  first,  because  I  thought  I  had 
cleared  myself  of  that  people.  Secondly,  I 
thought  it  not  safe  to  run  m3-self  into  danger 
of  suffering,  unless  I  was  satisfied  the  Lord 
required  it  of  me.  But  William  was  positive, 
and  said  I  must  go,  for  there  was  a  service 
for  me  to  do  there.  Upon  a  deliberate  con- 
sideration of  the  matter,  and  a  seeking  to  the 
Lord  to  know  his  will  in  it,  I  found  my  way 
clear  to  go,  and  I  had  some  service  and  good 
satisfaction,  and  left  Friends  nearer  to  one 
another  than  when  I  first  met  with  them  ;  for 
there  had  been  a  misunderstanding  amongst 
some  Friends  in  that  city." 

It  has  often  been  the  case,  that  one  who 
was  living  in  a  state  of  watchful  obedience  to 
the  Light  of  Christ  in  his  soul,  has  been  made 
sensible  of  the  condition  ot  a  fellow  servant, 
and  enabled  to  be  truly  helpful  to  him.  This 
is  peculiarly  the  case  with  rightly-anointed 
elders  in  the  Church,  who  through  Divine 
help  have  been  instrumental  in  encouraging 


I  have  been  on  a  committee  from  the  Quarter 
three  times  with  others  to  try  to  settic  mat- 
ters. Thou  charged  it  on  the  leaders  of  toe 
people,  which  many  knew  to  be  the  case,  so 
that  by  their  conduct,  they  had  led  the  young 
people  astray,  and  become  a  proverb  among 
the  people.  They  knew  all  this  to  be  the 
truth.  Come,  get  up  now  and  go  to  dinner.' 
By  this  time  I  began  to  conclude,  if  it  was 
really  so,  and  I  had  not  hurt  the  cause  of 
Truth,  nor  offended  the  great  Master,  I  mat- 
tered not  the  rest.  My  head-ache  soon  ceased, 
the  swelling  of  my  chest  went  down,  and  the 
fever  left  me.  I  sat  down  and  ate  my  dinner, 
and  rode  fifteen  miles  that  afternoon." 

J.  Hoag  relates  another  incident  in  which 
an  elder  was  made  useful  to  him,  though  in 
a  different  way.  At  Mamaroneck  Meeting, 
he  says,  "Finding  my  mind  led  into  different 
subjects,  I  was  thoughtful  to  close  in  good 
season  ;  but  after  sitting  down,  I  did  not  feel 
that  clear  quiet  which  I  commonly  do  when 
the  right  time  is  attended  to;  yet  I  was  un- 
willing to  rise  again  or  to  kneel,  though  my 
mind  was  impressed  with  the  necessity  of 
both.  I  sat  until  it  passed  away  ;  so  the  meet- 
ing broke  without  my  fulfilling  my  duty. 
After  meeting  an  elder  came  and  took  me  by 
the  band  and  said,  'Joseph,  thou  hast  been 
preaching  to  others  to  be  faithful  to  their  gifts, 
— hast  thou  been  faithful  to  thine?'  Though 
I  did  not  expect  to  be  found  out  in  this  way, 
yet  I  was  glad  to  meet  with  such  honesty 
from  the  Friend." 

Of  a  meeting  at  Scipio,  he  remarks,  "By 
making  an  apology  to  soften  the  subject,  I 
weakened  my  hands  and  hurt  my  testimony. 
After  meeting,  an  elder,  first  making  a  long 
apology,  reproved  me,  observing  that  Truth 
needed  no  apology.  He  said  he  thought  a 
great  porch  on  a  small  house  did  not  look 
well,  and  if  I  saw  anything  in  him,  he  was  as 
willing  to  receive  as  to  give.  I  told  him  he 
had  chastened  me  for  apology  in  a  good 
work ;  and  I  thought  he  was  in  as  good  a 
work,  and  had  made  as  long  an  apology ;  so 
that  it  did  not  come  out  right,  as  there  was 
no  more  need  of  it  in  one  case  than  in  the 

and  cheering  the  drooping  spirits  of  those  who  jother.    We  parted,  and  both,  I  hope,  learned  a 

are  laden  with  the  burthen  of  the  Word,  as  good  lesson.    In  another  meeting  in  the  afte.- 

well  as  of  cautioning  them  against  dangers  tojnoon  I  had  close  work,  avoiding  apology." 

which  they  are  exposed.     Joseph  Hoag  men-|      Of  the  worthies  of  a  former  generation  there 

tions  attending  a  meeting  where  his  line  of j are  few  of  whom    more   anecdotes  are  pn 

service  was  so  close,  that  the  members  were 

offended,  and  after  meeting  refused  to  shake 

hands  with  him.    He  says,  "  It  took  such  hold 

of  me,  that  I  took  my  bed  as  soon  as  I  arrived 

at  my  stopping  place.     I  had  parted  with  my 

pilot,  an   elder  from  a  neighboring  meeting, 

expecting  never  to  see  him  again  ;  but  while 

they  were  at  dinner,  this  Friend  came  and 

said,   'Where  is  Joseph?'     They  replid,  'He 

is  in  the  other  room  very  sick.'     He  came  in 

and  said,  '  Get  up  and  go  to  dinner.'    I  replied, 

'I  cannot,  I   am  very  sick,  I  cannot  eat  or 

drink,  very  likely  by  to-morrow  I  shall  be  in 

another  world.'    He  replied,  '  Thou  art  not  so 

near  dead  as  thou  thinkest  for  ;  come  get  up,' 

and  added,  '  I  saw  how  thou  wast  treated  to- 
day. When  I  parted  with  thee,  I  never  ex- 
pected to  see  thee  again,  and  expected  to  sleep 

with  my  family  ;  but  after  riding  a  few  miles, 

something  spoke  to  me  and  said,  'Joseph  is 

sinking,  for  he  is  letting  in  the  reasoner;  thou 

must  return  and  let  him  know  the  matter  in 

the  meeting — some  of  the  occurrences  that 

have  transpired   in  it,  and  the  exercise  that 

meeting  has  caused  the  Quarterly  Meeting.' 


served  than  of  James  Simpson,  who  is  thus 
described  by  the  late  Joseph  Kite  in  The 
Arm  Chair: 

"  Simple  of  heart,  and  of  a  feeble  frame, 
Feeling  unworthy  even  Christ  to  name, 
Yet  raised  by  Him  of  living  hopes  to  tell, 
And  show  his  power, —  himself  a  miracle, — 
James  Simpson,  like  his  Lord,  from  things  around, 
Fit  subjects  fur  important  lessons  found. 
A  cloud  o'erspreading,  or  a  bird  on  wing, 
Would  to  the  theme  in  hand  instruction  bring, 
Harmonious  blending  in  the  varying  sense, 
New  beauty  give, — fresh  energy  dispense. 
Filled  by  his  Master  wond'rously  he  shone ; 
His  emptied  vessel  scarce  could  stand  alone; 
When  favored  most,  left  in  the  weakest  spot, 
Showing  his  fulness  of  himself  was  not." 
As  an  illustration  of  his  feebleness  when 
Divine  support  was  withdrawn,  and  of  the 
helpful  care  of  a  judicious  companion,  the  fol- 
lowing incident  is  here  introduced.     In  the 
course  of  a  religious  visit,   he  appointed   a 
meeting  to  be  held  at  Easton,  Pa.     Having 
put  up  their  horse  at  a  public  house,  his  com- 
panion left  James  there,  while  he  went  out  to 
make    arrangements  for   the   meeting.     For 
this  purpose  be  obtained  the  use  of  the  Court- 


124 


THE    FRIEND. 


house,  though  not  without  meeting  with  some 
opposition  from  an  influential  individual. 

While  he  was  thus  employed,  James  became 
very  much  depressed,  as  was  his  frequent  ex- 
perience on  such  occasions ;  and  ordered  the 
horse  to  be  put  to  the  carriage,  so  that  he 
might  leave  the  place  and  escape  from  the 
meeting.  At  this  juncture  his  companion  re- 
turned, and,  seeing  the  horse  and  carriage, 
inquired  of  the  hostler,  "What  does  this 
mean  ?"  The  reply  was,  ':  The  gentleman 
ordered  his  horse."  "  Well,  I  order  him  back 
again."  The  horse  was  put  away,  and  going 
into  the  house,  the  friend  found  James  Simp- 
son sitting  there  under  great  discouragement, 
and  addressed  him  thus:  "That  won't  do, 
James,  but  thou  must  go  to  the  meeting  thou 
hast  appointed,  and  1  will  go  with  thee." 
James  said,  "Thou  must  do  the  preaching 
then,  for  I  cannot."  His  companion  replied, 
"Never  mind  about  the  preaching,  nobody 
has  asked  thee  to  preach,  but  let  us  go  to 
meeting;  that  is  the  first  thing  to  be  done." 

James  went  in  fear  and  trembling,  and  for 
some  time  sat  with  his  head  bowed  almost  to 
his  knees;  but  at  length  light  sprang  up,  and 
he  was  enabled  to  proclaim  the  truth  in  the 
demonstration  of  the  Spirit  and  with  power; 
and  the  meeting  concluded  under  a  solemn 
covering. 

After  dining  at  the  public  house,  they  went 
on  their  journey,  and  when  they  had  ascended 
an  eminence  that  overlooked  the  town,  James 
stopped  the  carriage  and  looking  back  ex- 
claimed, "Oh  !  Easton,  Easton,  thou  hast  had 
a  broadside  to-day."  This  self-complacent 
remark  elicited  from  his  wise  companion  the 
timely  caution,  "Ah  !  thou  can  brag  now,  but 
remember  how  it  was  awhile  ago  in  that 
chimney  corner." 

It  is  well  for  all  who  are  engaged  in  any 
department  of  the  Lord's  service  to  remember 
from  what  source  their  help  comes  ;  and  when 
they  have  been  favored  to  discharge  any  duty 
laid  upon  them,  to  give  all  the  praise  to  Him 
to  whom  it  belongs;  for  without  this  needful 
care  they  may  become  self-confident,  and  be 
shorn  of  all  spiritual  strength. 


Why  should  men  delay  to  break  any  bad 
habit?  Every  body  knows  that  it  grows 
stronger  by  each  repetition.  Nothing  is  more 
foolish  than  to  say,  "I  know  I  ought  to  stop, 
and  I  will  next  New  Year's  day."  The  man 
who  cannot  stop  to-day  cannot  to-morrow  ; 
the  spendthrift  never  saves  to-morrow  ;  the 
boaster  who  says,  "  I  can  if  I  will,"  is  the  one 
who  cannot  will,  and  therefore  never  does. 
There  is  but  one  remedj-  for  a  bad  habit,  and 
that  is  to  stop  the  thing  now. 

PRAYER. 
These  beautiful   lines   were   found  among 
the  papers  of  one  whose  years  were  spent  in 


lovi 


levotion  to  his  Master's  cause. 


The  day  is  ended  ;  ere  I  sink  to  rest,  _ 
My  weary  spirit  seeks  repose  in  thine, 

Father,  forgive  my  trespasses  and  keep 
This  little  lite  of  mine. 

With  loving-kindness  curtain  thon  my  bed, 
And  cool  in  rest  my  burning  pilgrim  feet; 

Tliy  pardon  be  the  pillow  for  my  head, 
So  shall  my  sleep  be  sweet. 

At  peace  with  all  the  world,  dear  Lord,  and  (bee, 
No  fears  my  soul's  unwavering  faith  can  shake, 

All's  well,  whichever  side  the  grave,  for  me, 
The  morning  light  may  break. 


THANKSGIVING. 
From  choir  and  from  altar,  a  tribute  will  raise, 
A  song  of  thanksgiving — a  pa?an  of  praise — 
The  year  has  been  crowned  with  the  goodness  of  God, 
It  hath  smiled  from  the  skies,  it  hath  bloomed  from 

the  sod; 
And  now,  thro'  the  length  and  the  breadth  of  our  land, 
The  rulers  have  issued  their  words  of  command, 
To  the  Lord  of  the  harvest  oblations  to  pour, 
And  lowly  before  Him  to  worship,  adore.* 

Oh  !  not  in  our  time,  will,  and  strength  can  we  come; 
The  heart  must  be  silent,  the  lips  must  be  dumb, 
Until  touched  with  a  coal  from  his  altar  of  tire, 
Awakening  and  kindling  to  holy  desire. 
All  vainly  the  perfume  in  censer  is  swung, 
All  vainly  hosannas  in  chorus  are  sung, 
If  the  soul  do  not  feel  what  the  voice  may  declare, 
In  humility  breathing  the  publican's  prayer. 

Not  alone,  when  the  forest  is  casting  its  leaf, 

When  the  wind-harp  is  wailing  in  sadness  and  grief; 

Not  alone,  when  the  treasures  of  Autumn  are  stored, 

In  their  richness  and  worth,  tho'  abundantly  poured  ; 

When  the  light  of  prosperity  beams  on  our  shore, 

Must  we  gratefully  bow  our  Creator  before: 

In  famine  or  plenty,  the  heart  should  not  rove; 

For  "  the  earth  is  the  Lord's,  and  the  fulness  thereof." 

For  the  gifts  that  are  ours  from  a  Father  Divine — 
For  the  graces  and  loves  that  our  lives  intertwine — 
For  the  blessings  that  glow  like  a  halo  of  light 
Round  the  gloomiest  path,  to  illumine  its  night — 
For  the  mercy  that  reaches  our  wandering  afar — 
For  the  hope  that  will  guide  us  like  Bethlehem's  star. 
Our  hearts  should  be  lifted  responsive  alway, 
And  every  day  be  our  thanksgiving  day. 


TRIAL  DAYS. 

CLARA   B.    HEATH. 

"  Staff  won't  beat  kid,  and  kid  won't  go."—  Nurser 
Ballad. 
We  remember  once,  when  our  years  were  less, 

The  help  of  a  friend  in  time  of  need  ; 
We  often  sigh  for  her  warm  caress, 

Or  smile  at  some  well  remembered  deed, 
Some  word  of  hers  that  was  wise  or  quaint, 

That  came  to  our  aid  in  a  weary  hour, 
That  brought  a  smile,  or  hushed  a  complaint 

As  it  fell  from  her  lips  with  a  loving  power. 

We  remember  a  day ; — was  it  Fall  or  Spring? 

When  all  the  morning  she  wrought  with  a  will, 
Rut  nothing  perfect  to  pass  could  bring, 

The  spirit  of  discord  triumphed  still. 
I  do  not  know  if'twere  wind,  or  tide, 

Disturbed  our  lives  in  their  peaceful  flow, 
But  she  said  to  me,  'twixt  a  smile  and  a  sigh, 

"  It  is  one  of  the  days  when  kid  won't  go." 

And  many  and  many  a  day  since  then, 

When  the  world  seemed  naught  but  a  cloud  of  dust 
When  the  good  of  life  was  beyond  our  ken, 

And  we  labored  only  because  we  must — 
When  the  burdens  of  life  did  worry  and  fret, 

And  we  wondered  why  we  were  troubled  so, 
We  have  thought  of  her  words  when  with  care  beset, 

"It  is  one  of  the  days  when  kid  won't  go." 

It  was  only  a  bit  of  a  nursery  rhyme, 

We  had  learned  when  young  at  our  mother's  knee, 
But  it  sounded  quaint  in  that  weary  lime, 

And  it  came  like  a  helping  hand  to  me. 
There  are  tears  for  us  all,  and  trials,  and  strife, 

As  we  sojourn  here  in  this  world  below  ; 
In  the  brightest  age,  and  the  smoothest  life, 

There  is  often  a  day  when  "  kid  won't  go." 

—  Woman  at  Work. 


Lord  Chesterfield,  who  died  in  1773,  was  as 
much  the  envy  of  his  contemporaries  as  any 
individual  throughout  the  most  brilliant  as- 
semblies of  Europe.  He  believed  in  beauty 
and  wealth,  and  splendor  and  gaiety,  and  in 
triguo  and  courtliness  and  adulation,  to  the 
very  uttermost ;  but  "  God  was  not  in  all  his 
thoughts."  Ho  had  no  living  belief  on  which 
to  lean.  So  his  life,  which  was  once  a  supreme 
delight,  became  to  him  the  intonscst  of  about" 


nations  ;  and  this  is  his  withering  acknowl-  I 
edgment: 

'  I  have  seen  the  silly  round  of  business  | 
and  pleasure,  and  I  have  done  with  it  all.  I  ]. 
have  enjoyed  all  the  pleasures  of  the  world,  \ 
and  consequently  know  their  futility,  and  do  | 
not  regret  their  loss.  I  appraise  them  at  j 
their  real  value,  which  is  in  truth  veo'  low  ;  j 
whereas,  those  who  have  not  experienced  [j 
them  always  overrate  them.  They  only  see  j 
their  gay  outside,  and  are  dazzled  with  their  I 
glare  ;  but  I  have  been  behind  tbe  scenes.  I j 
have  seen  all  the  coarse  pulleys  and  dirty  | 
ropes  which  exhibit  and  move  the  gaudy ' 
machine;  and  I  have  seen  and  smelt  tbej 
tallow  candles,  which  illuminate  the  whole  J 
decoration,  to  the  astonishment  and  admira-. 
tion  of  the  ignorant  audience.  When  I  reflect  i 
on  what  I  have  seen,  what  I  have  heard,) 
what  I  have  done,  I  cannot  persuade  myself] 
that  all  that  frivolous  hurry  of  bustle  and 
pleasure  of  tho  world  had  any  reality,  but  If 
look  on  all  that  is  past  as  one  of  those  romanticf 
dreams  which  opium  commonly  occasions,! 
and  I  by  no  means  wish  to  repeat  the  nause-ji 
ous  dose  for  the  sake  of  the  fugitive  dream. 
Shall  I  tell  you,"  he  adds,  to  the  friend  toj 
whom  he  was  writing,  "that  I  bear  thisfl 
melancholy  situation  with  that  meritorious 
constancy  which  most  men  boast?  No,  sir ;B 
I  really  cannot  help  it.  I  bear  it  because  l| 
must  bear  it,  whether  I  will  or  not.  I  think ; 
of  nothing  but  killing  time,  now  that  time! 
has  become  my  enemy.  It  is  my  resolutionji 
to  sleep  in  the  carriage  during  the  remainder; 
of  the  journey."     (A.  Fuller's  Works,  I.,  140)J 

Compare  this  language  with  that  of  onej 
who  had  something  to  rely  on  of  which  this; 
world  could  not  bereave  him — something  bet-| 
terthan  his  own  opinionsto give  him  bnoyancy| 
— something  better  than  self-flattery  to  sus-j 
tain  him.  As  the  crisis  of  life  drew  nigh,  asj 
the  portals  of  destiny  opened,  there  was  no|| 
"  failure  of  hope,"  to  sadden  the  great  Apostlef 
of  the  Gentiles,  no  sinking  of  the  heart,  toj 
drag  him  down  and  make  him  court  insonsi-J 
bility  as  an  emancipation.  No.  But  with.j 
the  indomitable  courage  of  a  veteran,  he  thusi 
confronts  his  final  enemy.  "  I  have  fought  d 
good  fight,  I  have  finished  my  course,  I  have* 
kept  the  faith.  Henceforth,  there  is  laid  upj( 
for  me  a  crown  of  righteousness,  which  thoj 
Lord,  the  righteous  judge,  shall  give  me  in. 
that  day."— 8.  8.  Times. 

It  is  true  that  full  forgiveness  is  an  act  that) 
requires  two  parties — one  to  proffer  and  the 
other  to  accept.    But  the  spirit  of  forgiveness 
may  be  all  on  one  side.      We  cannot  really 
forgive  a  person  who  has  wilfully  wronged 
us— unless  he  wants  to  be  forgiven.     The  act 
of  forgiveness  will  not  bo  completed  until  ho 
has  asked  pardon   and  we  have  granted  it.i 
But  it  is  our  duty  to  he  ready  to  forgive  ani> 
enemy  before  he  asks  forgiveness,  and  whether 
he  desires  it  or  not.      Unless  we  arc  in  thatj  , 
spirit,  independently  of  our  enemy,  the  Lord!; 
will  not  forgive  us  our  sins  which  so  surely) 
need  his  forgiveness.     Here  is  where  so  many! 
fail  in  view  of  wrongs  they  have  suffered  from' 
one  who  prefers  to  remain  their  enemy.  "Oh; 
yes  !"  they  say,  "  if  be  should  ask  my  forgive- 
ness I   would  give  it  to   him, — I  suppose  I 
should  have  to.     But  he  hasn't  asked  it;  soi 
I  have  a  perfect  right  to  hold   my  grudge 
against  him."     There  is  no  spirit  of  forgive 
nessin  a  person  who  can  talk  or  feel  like  that 
— ,S.  S.  Times. 


THE    FRIEND. 


125 


Friends'  Library. 

No.  304  Arch  Street. 
The  Committee  in  charge  of  the  Library 
desire  to  call  attention  to  this  valuable  collec- 
tion of  books  belonging  to  the  Society.  It  is 
free  to  any  Friend  living  in  or  near  this  city, 
who  will  sign  an  agreement  to  replace  or  pay 
for  volumes  that  may  be  lost  or  injured. 
Thereafter,  any  member  of  his  or  her  family 
can  take  them  out  without  charge,  subject  to 
the  rules  of  the  Library.  The  books  com- 
prise works  of  history,  biography,  science  and 
most  other  subjects  usually  found  in  well 
selected  Libraries;  works  of  fiction  being  ex- 
cluded. The  different  editions  of  biographies 
and  other  writings  of  early  Friends,  is  pro- 
bably unequalled  in  any  other  collection  of 
books  in  this  country.  The  object  in  thus 
calling  attention  to  the  subject,  is  to  give  the 
books"  a  wider  field  of  usefulness.  The  num- 
ber of  volumes  is  about  S500.  The  name  of 
any  suitable  book  that  is  not  found  on  our 
shelves,  may  be  banded  to  one  of  our  Com- 
mittee, and,  if  approved  and  within  our  means. 
■will  be  purchased  if  not  out  of  print.  Further 
information  can  bo  furnished  by  the  Com- 
mittee. 
Open  4th  day  afternoon  from  4  to  6  o'clock. 
"     3  to  6 

John  W.  Biddle, 
Joseph  W.  Lippincott, 
Edward  Bottle,  Jr., 
John  II.  Dillingham, 


7th 
Samuel  Allen, 
■Sward  Maris,  M.  D. 
Thomas  Elkinton, 
James  G.  McCollin, 

Bichard  Wood. 
Philadelphia,  Eleventh  month  19th,  18S3. 

Florentine  Funerals. — The  dead  are  carried 
to  their  last  resting-place  at  night.  No  one 
must  be  shocked  during  the  day,  while  in  the 
midst  of  sunshine  and  light  and  gayety,  by  a 
reminder  of  our  inevitable  doom — by  a  thought 
of  bow  some  day  there  will  be  no  sunshine  or 
gayety  for  us  in  this  bright  world 
f  A  funeral  in  Florence  is  one  of  the  saddest 
of  sad  spectacles,  w 
and  boj-s  in  draggled  go 


hite,  carrying  large  candles,  which  drip 
their  waxen  tears  along  the  road — or  would 
Ho  so,  if  they  were  not  caught  as  they  fall  in 
little  cups,  carried  by  more  boys  and  priests, 
chanting,  or  rather  whining  monotonously, 
as  they  step  briskly  along,  with  a  most  indif- 
ferent air.  One  can  judge  somewhat  of  the 
wealth  of  the  departed  by  the  number  of  can- 
dles furnished.  The  shorter  the  purse  the 
.fewer  the  candles,  until  at  last  the  Very  poor 
|are  thrown  into  a  cart,  carried  outside  the 


less.  His  farm-hands  carried  him  into  the 
house,  and  a  physician  who  was  summoned 
pronounced  it  a  case  of  paralysis  from  which 
he  could  not  recover. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Double  Artesian  Well. — Selma  has  an  arte- 
sian well  from  which  two  separate  streams  of 
water  flow  of  entirely  different  properties. 
This  effect  is  produced  by  the  insertion  of  a 
two-inch  pipe  in  in  a  four-inch  tube.  The 
larger  pipe  descends  400  feet ;  the  water  has 
no  mineral  equalities,  and  is  very  cold.  The 
inner  pipe  descends  700  feet ;  the  water  is 
strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur  and  iron, 
and  compared  with  the  temperature  of  the 
twin  stream,  is  quite  warm. — Selma,  (Ala.,) 
Times. 

Hemlock  in  Beer. — The  North-  Western  Lum- 
berman says,  that  ground  hemlock  bark  is 
largely  used  in  the  adulteration  of  beer,  tak 
ing  the  place  to  a  certain  extent,  of  malt  and 
hops.  It  contains  no  nourishment,  but  it  is 
not  poisonous.  It  gives  a  pungent,  bitter 
taste,  and  a  dark,  reddish  color  to  the  liquid 

Distribution  of  Seed. — The  "  tick  seed" 
(Desmodium),  is  a  good  example  of  a  seed 
which  the  mother  plant  provides  with  the 
means  of  clinging  to  almost  any  passing  ob- 
ject. The  pods  of  the  "  tick  seed"  are  almost 
completely  covered  with  small  hooks,  which 
catch  bold  of  the  clothing,  or  the  wool  and 
hair  of  animals,  and  are  carried  away  from 
the  place  where  they  are  produced. 

The  genus  Bidens,  (Beggars'  ticks),  of  the 
sunflower  family,  furnishes  familiar  examples 
of  seed  distribution  by  animals.  Each  seed 
covering  is  provided  with  two  stout  prongs 
which  are  barbed,  with  the  points  of  the  barb 
extending  backward  from  the  point.  These 
prongs  pass  easily  into  the  clothing  or  cover- 
ing of  animals,  but  are  not  readily  detached. 
These  "pitchforks,"  as  they  are  called,  have 
no  other  use  for  their  barbed  outgrowths  than 
ts  procession  of  priests  to  aid  in  the  distribution  of  the  seed;  and 
"•owns  that  once  were  sheep,  dogs  and  other  animals  are  employed 


n  carrying  the  young  Bidens  from  place  to 
place. 

The  burdock  furnishes  another  fine  illust 
tion  of  a  natural  provision  on  the  part  of  the 
mother-plant  for  a  distribution  of  her  offspring 
by  passing  animals.  The  burr,  containing 
many  seeds,  is  surrounded  by  a  multitude  of 
sharp  hooks,  and  by  these  the  whole  burr  is 
closely  fastened  to  man  and  beast. 

Strange  plants  are  frequently  found   near 
mills  in  which  wool  is  carded  and  prepared 


&ates  of  the  city,  and  shuffled  into  a  pit,  one |  for  weaving.     The  wool  comes  in  the  fleece 
on  top  of  the  other.  from  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  per 


One  of  the  most  grievous  characteristics, 
'to  me,  of  a  Florentine  funeral  is  the  absence 
of  any  relative  or  friend  of  the  deceased.  Not 
rone  creature  who  loved  or  eared  for  him  to 
follow  him  to  his  journey's  end,  or  to  shed 
one  tear  over  the  grave  of  a  lost  companion  ; 
fleft,  to  be  almost  thrown  into  the  ground  by  a 
few7  priests,  who  sometimes,  it  is  to  be  feared, 
look  upon  the  ceremony  as  a  disagreeable, 
though  profitable,  task,  to  be  got  over  as  soon 
as  possible. — Century  Magazine. 

1  All  for  a  Single  Crop. — Henry  Smith,  of 
Banbury,  N.  C,  a  tobacco  farmer,  became 
almost  insane  with  rage  over  the  damage  to 
'his  fine  crop  by  the  rains  and  winds.  He 
walked  over  his  plantation,  swearing  and 
cursing  the  Almighty,  and  finally  fell  speech- 


haps  from  other  countries,  and  the  seeds 
clinging  to  the  wool  are  separated,  thrown 
out  as  refuse,  and  afterward,  finding  suitable 
ground,  germinate  and  produce  plants  near 
to  the  locality. 

Cotton  is  perhaps  the  most  familiar  vegeta- 
ble product  which  is  produced  as  a  means  of 
seed  distribution.  Each  cotton  seed  is  com 
pletely  enclosed  in  a  tuft  of  fine  hairs,  by 
means  of  which  the  seed  is  easily' and  quite 
securely  fastened  to  a  person's  clothing  or  to 
the  coverings  of  animals. 

The  fowls  of  the  air  are  active  seed  bearers, 
especially  those  of  small  berries  or  pulpy- 
fruits  with  small  and  hard  seeds.  The  indi- 
gestible covering  preserves  the  seed,  while 
the  exterior  soft  parts,  with  their  usual  high 
color,  insure  their  being  eaten.     In  this  way 


the  seed  of  the  blackberry,  raspberry,  currant, 
and  a  host  of  wild  berry-bearing  plants,  have 
their  seeds  carried  far  and  wide. — Scientific 
American. 

Insect  Powder  Plants. — The  flower  heads, 
when  dried  and  powdered,  of  several  species 
of  the  Pyrethrum,  have  been  found  effective  in 
destroying  or  driving  away  destructive  in- 
sects. They  have  been  sold  under  the  names 
of  "  Persian  Insect  Powder,"  and  "  Dalmatian 
insect  powder," — the  latter  being  made  from 
a  species  which  is  a  native  of  Dalmatia.  It 
has  been  introduced  into  California  by  a  na- 
tive of  Dalmatia  named  Milca,  and  who  has 
been  for  the  last  three  years  extending  its 
cultivation.  The  Pyrethrums  are  closely  allied 
to  the  Chrysanthemums  ;  and  it  would  be  quite 
worth  while  to  ascertain  whether  our  common 
May  Flower,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum, 
possesses  this  property  of  destroying  insect 

Canine  Sagacity. — A  gentleman,  who  was 
one  of  the  survivors  of  the  ill-fated  screw 
steamer,  Anglo-Saxon,  gives  the  following 
interesting  narrative  of  the  escape  of  one  of 
the  boats  through  the  pilotage  of  two  New- 
foundland dogs.     He  says: 

"  The  last  time  I  saw  Captain  Burgess,  the 
commander  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  he  was  as- 
sisting to  lower  the  small  boat  in  which  were 
embarked  twenty-two  men,  one  lady  and  my- 
self. We  left  without  food,  compass  or  suffi- 
cient clothing.  We  were  knocked  about  in  a 
fog  all  day,  not  knowing  whither  we  were 
drifting.  Towards  evening,  however,  wo 
espied  a  cliff  off  Belle  Isle,  when  we  steered 
for  Cape  Pace,  which  was  made.  Approach- 
ing the  shore  we  saw  a  man  carrying  a  gun 
accompanied  by  two  large  Newfoundland 
dogs.  He  evidently  saw  us,  and  made  a  sig- 
nal for  us  to  approach  the  shore.  We  follow- 
ed his  course  for  some  time,  till  he  was  bid 
from  us  by  a  large  cliff,  which  it  was  impossi- 
ble he  could  descend. 

The  two  dogs,  however,  soon  appeared,  de- 
scended the  dangerous  head-land,  and  upon 
reaching  the  water,  dashed  precipitately  into 
the  sea,  howling  dreadfully.  Having  swam 
out  closely  to  the  boat,  they  then  turned  close 
to  the  shore,  keeping  a  little  ahead  of  us,  in- 
dicating that  we  were  to  follow  them.  Our 
singular  pilots  seemed  to  understand  the  dan- 
ger of  our  position,  as  we  did  not  deviate 
from  the  course  they  were  leading  us  without 
a  loud  howl  being  uttered  b}T  them.  At  last 
we  arrived  in  a  natural  creek,  where  a  safe 
landing  was  effected.  No  other  similar  creek 
was  to  be  seen,  which  caused  us  all  to  wonder 
at  the  sagacity  displayed  by  these  dumb  ani- 
mals. No  doubt  our  preservation  was  in  a 
great  measure  attributable  to  these  noble 
dogs.  An  alarm  having  been  given,  a  rope 
was  let  down  by  a  pulley,  and  we  were  taken 
up  the  cliff,  which  is  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  height.  We  were  shortly  after  enabled 
to  reach  the  light  house,  where  every  atten- 
tion was  paid  to  us. 

A  Dangerous  Wood. — The  use  of  a  wood 
from  Panama  called  cokobola,  in  the  manu- 
facturing interests  in  Bridgeport,  is  attracting 
the  attention  of  the  Connecticut  State  Board 
of  Health.  The  wood  is  cheap — takes  a  bril- 
liant polish— is  easily  worked,  and  is  used  ex- 
tensively for  knife  handles  and  ornamentation. 
Workers  in  the  material  are  poisoned  some- 
what after  the  manner  of  sumac,  although 
some  are  free  from  any  defect.  Swelling  of 
the  face,  closing  of  the  ej'es,  appearances  of 


12G 


THE    FRIEND. 


being  burned  on  the  bands,  are  the  usual 
symptoms.  Some  are  attacked  with  distress 
in  the  stomach,  with  loss  of  appetite.  One 
person,  who  was  a  confirmed  smoker,  after 
being  poisoned,  has  been  unable  to  smoke  or 
even  stay  in  a  room  where  there  is  any  to- 
bacco smoke.  Children  playing  in  the  saw- 
dust of  this  wood,  which  had  been  dumped, 
were  badly  poisoned  about  their  feet.  At  a 
large  factory  on  Elm  street,  where  this  wood 
is  extensively  worked,  chickens  in  the  adjoin- 
ing yards  have  all  died  from  eating  the  dust 
that  settles  on  the  grass. 

Chestnuts  as  Food. — Italy  uses  as  food  6400 
tons  of  chestnuts  a  year.  There  almost  as 
much  attention  is  paid  to  the  production  of 
choice  varieties  of  chestnuts  as  we  pay  here 
to  the  production  of  improved  peaches  and 
pears. 

How  to  Loosen  a  Tight  Screw. — The  Builder 
says  :  "  One  of  the  most  simple  and  readiest 
methods  for  loosening  a  rusted  screw,  is  to 
apply  heat  to  the  head  of  the  screw.  A  small 
bar  or  rod  of  iron,  flat  at  the  end,  if  reddened 
in  the  fire  and  applied  for  a  couple  or  three 
minutes  to  the  bead  of  the  rusted  screw,  will, 
as  soon  as  it  heats  the  screw,  render  its  with- 
drawal as  easy  by  the  screwdriver  as  if  it  was 
only  a  recently  inserted  screw.  As  there  if 
a  kitchen  poker  in  every  house,  that  instru 


—  Tract  Distribution  in  Paris. — When  the  news 
reached  Paris  of  the  destruction  caused  by  the  earth- 
quake in  Ischia,  the  heart  of  the  great  city  was 
moved.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Paris  editors,  it  was 
resolved  to  raise  money  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers 
by  a  great  festival  in  the  garden  of  the  Tuilleries. 
S. f  the  Protestant  evangelical  laborers  pub- 
lished for  the  occasion  a  beautiful  illustrated  paper, 
calling  the  attention  of  the  readers  to  the  awfulness 
(if  the  lesson  whielf  (rod  gave  to  the  world  through 
that  terrible  event— in  a  word,  a  gospel  tract,  in 
which  Jesus  was  plainly  and  simply  announced. 
Fifty  thousand  copies  were  given  away,  and  ap- 
peared to  be  well  received. 

— Howard  Association  Report. — This  association 
was  formed  in  England,  for  preventing  crime  and 
promoting  the  proper  treatment  of  criminals.  Its 
recent  report  contains  several  points  of  general  in 
terest.  In  speaking  of  the  necessity  of  individual 
oversight  and  care  of  prisoners  it  says  : 

"  Neither  present  Christian  influences,  nor  ulti 
mately  economic  ones,  can  effectually  be  exerted 
where  human  beings  are  congregated  in  masses  ii 
huge  establishments,  where  individuality  is  lost  it 
the  impersonal  '  Number  468'  or  '  Number  1,155, 
and  where  every  varying  type  of  character  and  dis 
position  is  subjected  to  methods  of  disposal  as  sum- 


Mayor,  that  not  one  individual  for  these  two  years 
has  ever  been  sent  to  the  County  Prison,  or  has  been 
committed  to  take  his  trial  at  the  sessions  or  the 
assizes." 


THE    FRIEND. 


ELEVENTH  MONTH  24, 


There  is  probably  no  one  of  the  doctrines 
held  by  the  Society  of  Friends  which  more 
plainly  distinguishes  it  from  other  professors 
of  Christianity,  than  that  in  reference  to  the 
nature  of  spiritual  worship,  and  to  the  neces- 
sity of  waiting  in  an  holy  dependence  upon 
the  Lord  for  the  arising  of  his  power  in  the 
mind  before  entering  upon  any  outward  acts 
so  that  man  ma}'  be  enabled  to  offer  unto  Him 
living  worship  —  "in  spirit  and  in  truth.' 
Many,  perhaps  nearly  all,  professing  Chris- 
tians will  admit,  that  unless  the  heart  accotn 
panics  the  service,  the  utterance  of  vocal 
prayers,  praises  or  exhortations,  is  not  true  tf 
mil.  md  uniform 'as  tin.  pacing;  and  stewg;.  cfj worship  ."  but  yet  they  generally  expect  tc  to 
hales  of  merchandise.  There  is  a  familiar  anecdote  engage  in  such  performances  at  stated  times,  j 
of  the  burial  of  some  soldiers  on  a  field  of  battle,  whether  any  preparation  of  heart  is  experi- 
when  one  of  the  supposed  corpses  was  heard  to  eneed  or  not.  This  preparation  is  of  the 
mutter,  'But  I  am  not  dead  yet;'  and  received  the  Lord  raust  corae  from  Him,  and  is  not  undei 
brutal  rebuff,  '  You  needn't  be  so  mighty  particular  thfl  ^^  of  m&^ 


about  the  few  hours  left  of  your  life.'     So,  but  as  a ,      , 
ment,  it  heated  at  its  extremity  and  applied  j  matter  of  fact,  in  innumerable  instances  the  linger- 1      l  ne  practice,  winch  prevails  in  our  asscm 
for  a  few  minutes  to  the  head  of  the  screw,  or  ing  rays  of  moral  and  spiritual  life  have  been,  and ,  blies,  of  endeavoring  to   draw  near  unto  the 
ill  do  the  work  of  loosening,  and  an  are,  quenched  and  buried  by  a  disregard  to  the  indi-  jLord  in  spirit,  waiting  for  the  springing  ur 
vidual  circumstances  and  rights,  of  even  the  criminal  of  bis  Divine  life,  is  a  noble  testimony  to  the 
and  the  pauper.     It  is  a  special  grace  of  the  Divine!  Headship  of  Christ  in  his  Church— a  practical 
Redeemer  that  S  bruised  reed  shall  He  not  breakJacknovv]edgmentof  belief  in  biswords,  "With 
and  the  smoking  flax  shall   He  not  quench       And  &  d      „othin_,.      0ur  Friendi 

in  accordance  with  this  principle,  the  Christian  and  |  .    .  ■>.        "...,,       .     &.      .  ,   .,     . 

economically  wise  osteins  of  rcfonnatorv  and  pre- |  were  led  into  it  in  the  beginning,  and  then 
ventive  treatment  will  ever  seek  to  revive  the  writings  abound  with  testimonies  to  its  value 
germs  of  moral  life  and  of  self-help  which,  in  either 'and  necessitjr.  Barclay,  in  the  proposition  o 
the  prisoner,  the  juvenile  offender,  or  the  pauper,  his  Apology  which  treats  on  Worship,  say; 
may  still  be  available  for  effectual  development,  if  that  this  silent  waiting  upon  God  is  oppositi 
patiently  fostered,  instead  of  being  quenched  by  in-  L  the  natnral  will  and  wJsdom  of  man, 
discriminating  treatment  in  pi™"" 


screws, 

ordinary  screwdriver  will  do  the  rest,  without 
causing  the  least  damage,  trouble  or  vexation 
of  spirit.  In  all  work  above  the  common 
kind,  where  it  is  necessary  to  use  screws,  and 
particularly  in  hinge  work  and  mountings, 
fancy  fastenings  and  appliances  affixed  to 
joinery  or  furniture  work,  wo  would  advise 
the  oiling  of  screws  or  the  dipping  their  points 
in  grease  before  driving  tbem.  This  will  ren- 
der them  more  easy  to  drive,  and  also  to  with 


Iraw,  and  it  will   undoubtedly  retard  for  a 
ongcr  time  the  action  of  rusting." 


Items. 

—  Temperance  Amendment  in  Ohio. — The  proposed 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  Ohio  prohibiting 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  spirituous  liquors  for 
drinking  purposes  received  over 300,000  votes,  which 
was  probably  a  large  majority  of  the  votes  actually 
given  on  that  question.  But  the  laws  of  <  >hio  count, 
as  opposed  to  an  amendment  of  the  constitution,  all 
the  voter,  who  fail  to  vote  for  or  against  the  amend- 


nends  that  R 
wdiich  juveni 

dbriiiatorv  a 
e  offenders  a 

id  Ii 

dustrial  School; 
iniittcd,  should 

no 

be  very  large 

renders   it    mi 

re  difficult  ' 

infli 

ils   ol 

alms 

rlv   t     -hi  vitv 

Vh 

inmates,  and 

wing  proper 

dly.    The  e\ 

lEpjilt-lCUS 

In  illustrati 

■ne.es  to  bear  u 
vagrancy,  it  stf 
given  by  unref 
this  it  quotes 
tend  to  work  w 

to 
ect 
th 
lil 

1  can  get   lo  s 

liflings  a-da 

my  skin  full. 

It' 

th 


such 


added  to  those  hostile  to  the  reform  overbalai 
those  in  favor  of  it,  and  prohibition  was  lost. 

large    vote  in    its    favor  seems   to   indicate   that 

question   is  not   finally  disposed  of;  and  it  sh 

a  strength   in  its  advocates  which  will   probabh 

fluence  the  legislation  of  the  State  in  favor  of  1 


rspi 


/:,i„ 


n  Ohio.— At  an  Epis 
thern  <  )hio,  the  report  of: 
sing  from  the  prevalence 


copal  ( 'nil- 

committee 

of  divorce 

In  Ohi( 

5.459  mar- 


The  Report  speaks  of  the  importance  of  continued  therefore  was  neither  preached  nor  praetiscc 
oversight  and  care  in  regard  to  poor  children  who  but  by  those  who  found  "no  outward  cere 
are  placed  out  in  families,  and  those  who  are  sent  mony,  no  observations,  no  words,  yea,  not  th 
abroad  to  America  or  the  British  colonies.    Itrecom-  best   and  purest  words,   even   the   words  o 

;,    able    to   satisfy  their  weary  ant 

souls;  because  where  all  these  maj 

fe,   power  and   virtue,  which   mak< 

igs  effectual,  may  be  wanting."    Fo 

the  sensible  experience  of  this  Life  of  Chris 

operating  in  their   hearts, — this   Light   ant 

Grace  of  God,  —  they  waited  and  wrestled 

"abstaining  from  all  their  own  thoughts  ami, 

imaginations."    And  oftentimes,  as  a  spiritua 

exercise  was  faithfully  maintained,  the  arisin; 

of  the  Life  became  as  a  flood  of  refreshmen 

catling  the   meeting,  and  such  a  hob 

I  reverence  were  felt,  as  were  effectiv 

in  convincing  others.     It  was  in  this  way 

Barclay  testifies  that  he  himself  came  to  n 

ceive  the  truth  ;  "  for,"  says  he,  "  when  I 

into  the  silent  assemblies  of  God's  people,  1  I 

a  secret  power  among  them,  which   t 

my  heart  ;  and,  as  1  gave  way  unto  it,  1  foun 

the  evil  weakening  in  me,  and  the  good  raise 

up,  and  so    I    becomo   thus   knit  and  unite! 

unto  them,  hungering  more  and  more  aftj 

the  increase  of  this  power  and  life,  whereb, 

I  might  feel  myself  perfectly  redeemed." 

All  true  ministry  must   come  from  this  D 

883'  i  vine  power  and  life;   and  those  declaration 

and   which  spring  from  it.  are  often  greatly  hel| 

n  t0  ful  in  warning,  instructing  and  comforting  th 

*a,™|  listeners;  being  uttered  not  in  the  will  an 

jjon"  wisdom    of    man,    but     ill     the    evidence    an 

j0rd  I  demonstration  of  the   Spirit  and  of  powei 


tally  about 
■Temperanc 


sits  daily  were  paid. 


St.  foes.— Without  any  legal  pro- 

the  power  of  moral  suasion  and 
and  of  the  spiritual  forces  of  the 
of  St.  Ives  in  <  'oiuwall,  with  a 
0.  has  attained  a  wonderful  suc- 
1    teetotal    mayor,  .1.    V    Kernick, 

m  Guildhall,  in  8rd  month,  1883, 


iv 

: 

'el 
,1, 

tc 

:; 


THE    FRIEND. 


12; 


George  Fox  declares  thiit  he  saw  that  all  must 
be  done  in  and  by  Christ.  He  is  the  way  to 
the  Father,  and  through  the  revelations  of  his 
Light  in  the  heart,  we  receive  knowledge  of 
the  way  in  which  weshould  walk,  and  strength 
to  journey  forward  therein.  The  ministry 
which  springs  from  the  movings  of  his  Spirit 
tends  to  draw  people  to  the  same  Spirit  from 
which  it  proceeded ;  and  to  settle  them  under 
Christ's  own  immediate  teaching,  where  their 
hope,  peace,  joy  and  refreshment  are  found  in 
waiting  on  the  Lord  "for  the  riches  of  his 
Spirit,  and  in  returning  back  to  the  Lord  (by 
his  own  Spirit,  and  in  the  virtue  of  his  own 
life)  that  which  He  hath  pleased  to  bestow." 

Of  latter  years  there  has  grown  up  in  some 
parts  of  our  Society,  a  manner  of  holding 
meetings,  and  a  form  of  ministry,  which  is 
radically  different  from  that  heretofore  recog- 
nized among  us;  and  which  proceeds  from  a 
different  root  and  is  based  on  a  different  prin- 
ciple. The  fundamental  principle  of  worship 
according  to  the  doctrines  held  by  Friends, 
of  waiting  to  feel  the  arising  of  Divine  Life 
to  qualify  for  this  service — is  set  aside  ;  and 
in  place  thereof  a  system  of  means  is  substi 
tuted  calculated  and  designed  to  stir  up  thi 
emotional  faculties  and  produce  a  degree  of 
inervous  excitement  and  sensibility  in  an  au 
dience,  which  will  render  them  more  suscep 
tible  to  the  appeals  of  the  speakers.  To  this 
system  belong  the  singing  as  usually  prae 
tised,  the  commands  to  rise,  kneel,  &c,  the 
use  of  the  mourners'  bench  and  similar  appl 
ances — appliances,  without  which  (as  a  late 
number  of  the  Christian  Worker  distinctly 
states  in  an  article  defending  their  use),  the 
workers  in  so-called  revival  movements  would 
be  shorn  of  their  strength.  From  a  Quaker 
standpoint,  this  system  must  be  regarded  as 
a  reversal  of  the  Apostle  Paul's  description  of 
gospel  ministry,  which  he  desired  should  be 
not  in  man's  wisdom,  but  in  the  demonstra- 
tion of  the  Spirit.  In  this,  the  teaching  of  the 
Spirit  is  not  waited  for. 

It  is  the  glorious  privilege  of  the  religion 
of  Christ  Jesus,  that  all  may  be  taught  of  God 
without  human  intervention.  The  Apostle 
John  testified,  "  Ye  have  an  unction  from  the 
Holy  One,  and  ye  know  all  things."  And 
again,  he  says,  "  The  anointing  which  ye  have 
received  of  Him  abidelh  in  you  :  and  ye  need 
not  that  any  man  teach  you  ;  but  as  the  same 
anointing  teacheth  you  of  all  things."  To 
this  anointing,  this  life  and  light  of  Christ  in- 
wardly revealed,  our  early  Friends  were  con- 
cerned to  direct  the  attention  of  all,  as  to  an 
ever-present  helper  and  guide.  But  it  is  a 
weak  point  in  that  system  which  builds  upon 
emotional  excitement,  that  when  the  excite- 
ment has  subsided,  and  those  who  favored  it 
have  exhausted  their  power  or  gone  to  other 
fields  of  labor,  the  supposed  converts  have 
Httle  to  sustain  them,  their  strength  not  being 
derived  from  an  inward  experience  of  the 
work  of  the  Spirit.  Hence  the  numerous  in- 
stances in  which  such  relapse  into  their  former 
condition,  or  become  more  confirmed  in  sin 
than  they  were  before  their  imagined  conver- 
sion. 

The  ministry  and  system  of  which  we  have 
been  speaking  necessarily  involve  a  departure 
from  the  principles  of  our  Society  and  could 
not  grow  up  among  a  people  who  faithfully 
maintained  its  doctrines,  in  theory  and  in 
practice.  As  an  illustration  of  the  manner  in 
which  meetings  are  held  under  this  so-called 
revival  system,  we  give  the  substance  of  ac- 


counts received  from  reliable  persons,  well 
known  to  the  Editor,  who  were  present  at 
what  is  called  a  devotional  meeting,  held  at 
Plainfield,  Indiana,  on  First-day  evening,  16th 
of  9th  month,  by  authority  of  the  Larger 
Body,  Western  Yearly  Meeting. 

The  first  hour  or  two  were  occupied  by 
a  continued  succession  of  preachings,  pray- 
ings and  singings,  with  occasional  groans  or 
amens.  No  time  of  silence  was  allowed.  After 
8  or  9  of  these  performances,  a  woman  arose 
and  spoke  very  loudly  and  excitedly,  throw- 
ing her  body  back  and  forth,  with  her  arms 
stretched  out,  until  she  became  exhausted  and 
sank  into  her  seat.  Immediately,  one  of  the 
preachers  arose,  saying,  ''now  we  are  done 
with  preaching;"  and  stepping  down  from 
the  gallery  with  his  arms  stretched  out  full 
length,  he  commanded  all  to  rise  up,  repeat- 
ing the  command  several  times.  Then  he 
said, — all  kneel  down  in  prayer,  "down,  down, 
down."  Then  he  and  other  ministers  walked 
among  them,  and  laid  their  hands  upon  them, 
and  told  some  who  were  kneeling  at  the 
mourners'  bench,  that  now  they  had  received 
salvation  through  the  blood  of  the  Lamb. 
There  were  other  commands  to  rise  and  kneel 
Requests  were  made  for  those  to  withdraw 
who  were  not  in  s\-mpathy  with  the  work 
Ministers  circulated  among  the  audience,  urg 
ing  people  to  come  forward  to  the  mourners 
bench,  &c. 

One  of  the  most  distressing  features  in  such 
meetings  is  the  bold  assumption  of  authority 
by  ministers  present,  not  only  in  issuing  or- 
ders to  the  congregation,  which  a  company  of 
Friends  should  refuse  to  comply  with  ;  but 
presuming  to  pronounce  on  the  salvation  of 
their  poor,  deluded  followers. 

In  the  meeting  at  Plainfield,  the  excitement 
of  the  hour  led  to  some  breaches  of  decorum 
which  we  suppose  would  not  receive  the  ap 
proval  of  many  who  give  their  sanction  to 
such  meetings.  We  refer  to  them  in  this  case 
only  to  point  out,  that  the  natural  tendency  of 
the  system  is  to  lead  into  and  develop  a  spirit 
of  ranterism,  which  may  get  beyond  the  con- 
trol of  tbo  more  conservative  members;  and 
that  the  evil  nature  of  this  fruit  is  one  of  the 
proofs  that  the  system  itself  is  not  to  be  com- 
mended. 

It  was  against  this  system,  and  the  errone- 
ous views  of  doctrine  associated  with  it,  and 
on  which  it  is  founded,  that  the  Yearly  Meet- 
ing of  Philadelphia  bore  an  open  and  decided 
testimony  in  the  Address  which  it  issued  in 
the  Fourth  month  last.  Its  publication  has 
tended  to  bring  to  light  the  differences  which 
already  existed  in  our  Society.  There  have 
been  many  evidences  that  it  has  been  a  cont- 
ort and  confirmation  to  many  who  love  the 
original  principles  of  Friends."  On  the  other 
hand,  the  Christian  Worker,  in  its  issue  of  10th 
mo.  25th,  says  that  nine-tenths  or  more  of 
the  active  workers  under  the  revival  system, 
:' believe  that  much  of  the  advice  contained 
in  the  Philadelphia  Address  is  pernicious,  and 
therefore  they  do  not  take  that  advice.  Nay, 
they  believe  that  some  of  the  things  therein 
condemned  have  been  marvellously  blessed 
of  the  Lord,  and  that  to  lay  them  aside  would 
paralyze  the  work  and  bring  rapid  spiritual 
decay.  These  Friends  use  the  Bible  in  preach- 
and  read  it  in  meetings  ■  they  sing,  and 
encourage  believers  to  faithfulness  in  singing; 
they  hold  revival  meetings,  and  in  them  use 
various  means  to  draw  out  confessions  of  per- 
sonal need,  and   to   lead   individuals   into  a 


knowledge  of  the  Saviour,  such  as  calling  on 
them  to  rise,  to  come  to  a  place  of  prayer,  and 
to  speak  in  acknowledgment  of  blessings  re- 
ceived." 

"  These  movements  are  so  fully  endorsed 
that  we  have  not  heard  of  a  voice  being  raised 
against  them  for  years  in  any  of  these" Yearly 
Meetings;  devotional  meetings  are  conducted 
during  Yearly  Meetings  in  harmony  with  this 
order  of  work  ;  committees  which  have  charge 
of  evangelistic  work  are  fully  endorsed  year 
by  year,  though  it  is  well  known  they  work 
in  this  way;  ministers  who  are  constantly  in 
revival  work  after  this  fashion,  are  sustained, 
beloved  and  honored  by  the  whole  church." 

The  natural  and  almost  inevitable  result 
of  two  such  opposite  systems  being  tolerated 
in  a  society  at  the  same  time,  is  to  lead  to 
division  among  the  members.  Persons  can- 
not be  expected  permanently  to  attend  meet- 
ings where  the  proceedings  are  opposed  to 
their  beliefas  to  the  right  method  of  performing 
the  most  solemn  duty  of  man.  Nor  can  they 
be  expected  to  submit  their  children  to  in- 
fluences manifestly  at  variance  with  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  their  profession,  and 
which  are  likely  to  lead  them  away  from  what 
they  believe  to  be  the  safe  pathway  to  salva- 
tion. Hence  come  the  separations  which  have 
taken  place  within  a  few  }-ears  in  Canada  and 
several  of  the  western  Yearly  Meetings.  That 
this  is  the  real  cause  of  those  separations  is 
clearly  stated  in  the  article  of  the  Christian 
Worker  from  which  we  have  already  quoted. 
In  enlightening  the  British  Friend  as  to  ihe 
cause  of  the  division  at  West  Branch,  Iowa, 
(mentioned  in  our  issue  of  10th  month  0th), 
it  says  : — 

"  We  would  further  say  to  the  editor  of  the 
British  Friend,  that  the  persons  referred  to  at 
West  Branch  are  out  of  harmony  with  this 
reviving  and  advancing  work."  "  Thejf  long 
for  the  old  ways."  "A  number  of  Friends 
holding  like  views,  have  left  the  Society,  and 
have  set  up  so-called  Yearly  Meetings  in  the 
limits  of  Western,  Iowa,  Kansas  and  Canada 
Yearly  Meetings,  and  we  understand  have 
placed  themselves  in  fellowship  with  the  so- 
called  Wilbur  Yearly  Meetings  in  Ohio  and 
New  England,  or  are  seeking  to  do  so.  All 
this  class  are  pleased  with  the  Philadelphia 
Address,  and  are  doing  what  they  can  to  aid 
in  its  circulation  and  influence."  "We  en- 
courage all  of  them  to  come  together  where 
they  can  be  free  from  our  annoying  innova- 
tions." 

We  think  it  seasonable  again  to  state  the  • 
view  which  has  repeatedly  been  enforced  in 
these  columns,  that  the  primary  responsibility 
for  the  divisions  in  our  Society  rests  upon 
those  who  introduce  principles  and  practices 
inconsistent  with  those  which  are  the  ground 
of  our  being  a  distinct  people.  Therefore,  if 
the  view  of  the  Christian  Worker  -is  correct, 
as  to  the  cause  of  these  separations,  its  lan- 
guage would  have  been  more  appropriate,  if, 
instead  of  speaking  of  Friends  of  the  Smaller 
Bodies  as  having  "left  the  Society,"  it  had 
said,  that  they  had  endeavored  to  sustain  the 
Society  by  meeting  apart  from  those  who  had 
practically  departed  therefrom. 

For  the  information  of  some  of  our  readers, 
we  state  that  the  Christian  Worker  is  published 
at  Chicago  by  the  "Publishing  Association 
of  Friends,"  a  stock  company,  whose  mem- 
bers belong,  we  believe,  to  different  Yearly 
Meetings,  and  whose  object  is  to  publish 
books  and  periodicals,  professedly  in  the  in- 


12S 


THE    FRIEND. 


tercsts  of  our  Society.  While  it  is  probable 
that  those  who  control  its  operations  are 
more  radical  and  outspoken  in  their  utter- 
ances than  some  of  the  more  conservative 
members  of  the  Western  Yearly  Meetings, 
yet  we  do  not  see  how  any  one  can  evade  the 
force  of  the  argument  so  strongly  stated  by 
the  editor  of  the  paper — that  the  continued 
sanction  by  those  Yearly  Meetings  of  opera- 
tions carried  on  year  after  year  in  these  re- 
vival methods  fully  commits  them  to  the  in- 
dorsement of  those  methods. 

We  have  received  the  first  number  of  The 
Biographical  Magazine,  published  in  New 
York,  containing  short  biographical  sketches, 
with  cheap  cuts,  of  persons  to  whom  the  pub- 
lic attention  is  at  present  turned.  Price  10 
cents  per  number.  Direct  to  P.  O.  box  3295, 
New  York. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Our  total  exports  of  provisions, 
tallow  and  dairy  products  during  the  twelve  months 
which  ended  on  lUth  month  31st,  amounted  in  value  to 
$98,333,611,  against  $85,795,043  during  the  preceding 
twelve  months. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  Seventh-day  last 
issued  a  call  for  the  redemption  of  ten  millions  of  three 
per  cent,  tonds. 

The  Secretary  of  State  of  Illinois,  on  the  19th  inst., 
licensed  the  "  Chain  of  Rocks  Bridge  Company,  "  which 
proposes  to  bridge  the  Mississippi  river  ten  miles  above 
the  big  St.  Louis  bridge.  The  capital  stock  of  the  com- 
pany is  fixed  at  S2,000,000.  It  is  supposed  the  project 
is  in  the  interest  of  the  Gould  lines  and  the  Chicago 
and  Alton  Railroad. 

Alameda,  Cal.,  is  to  have  a  cotton  factory  established, 
the  first  in  the  State,  it  is  said,  on  a  capital  of  1600,000. 

The  discovery  of  a  new  gold  field  in  Lower  Cali- 
fornia is  reported  "  much  richer  than  those  already  ex- 
plored." 

The  temperature  throughout  the  North-west  on  the 
night  of  the  15;h,  ranged  from  15  to  40  degrees  below 
zero.  At  Bismarck,  Dakota,  30  below  was  registered. 
No  snow  fell  in  any  part  of  the  region,  but  the  wind 
was  so  strong  as  to  delay  railroad  travel. 

The  recent  gale  which  swept  the  Lake  Region  and 
the  Middle  States,  assumed  the  force  of  a  tornado  in 
portions  of  Maine.  In  several  counties  houses  and  barns 
were  damaged  or  destroyed,  the  losses  in  Oxford  and 
Franklin  counties  alone  being  estimated  at  $150,000. 

A  telegram  from  St.  Pierre,  Newfoundland,  reports 
that  a  furious  snow  storm  prevailed  on  that  coast  on  the 
16th  and  17th  instant,  which  was  probably  attended  by 
great  destruction  of  life  and  property. 

The  steamer  S.  H.  Parisot,  from  Vicksbnrg  for  New 
Orleans,  with  3564  hales  of  cotton,  1300  sacks  of  oil 
cake  and  500  barrels  of  oil,  »  totally  destroyed  by 
fire  soon  after  five  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  18th, 
eight  miles  above  Natchez.  The  total  loss  on  boat  and 
cargo  is  estimated  at  $250,000.  The  boat  was  built  at 
Louisville  two  years  ago,  at  a  cost  of  $60,000.  The 
burning  boat  floated  down  the  stream  wrapped  in  flame, 
until  some  gunpowder  on  board  exploded,  when  she 
sunk.  When  the  lire  broke  out  the  pilot  headed  the 
boat  lor  shore,  and  all  the  passengers  were  saved,  most 
ol  lb. hi  it,  !iii,Lr  :,»|i,,ri.  in  thuir  night  clothes,  and  carry- 
ing hi  i  i  lothing  in  their  arms.  One  of  the  crew  was 
drowned,  and  it  is  feared  that  two  or  three  deck  passen- 
gers perished.  It  is  believed  that  the  lire  was  started 
by  the  carelessness  of  these  passengers  in  smoking  pipes 
and  cigarettes. 

The  new  time  standard  took  effect  on  the  18th  inst. 
in  New  York  and  elsewhere.  In  that  city  the  Western 
Union  lime  ball  was  dropped  exactly  live  hours  slow 
of  Greenwich  time,  or  at  noon  of  the  75th  meridian. 
The  old  time  in   this  city  was  only  36  seconds  behind 

tin-  new. 

Thirty  cases  of  diphtheria  have  been  reported  by 
physicians  it  Waterbury,  Vermont.  The  schools  were 
closed  on  the  19th  instant,  and  much  excitement  pre- 


Markets,  &c— U.  S.  4J's,  registered,  113J;  coupon, 
115;  4's,  122i;  3's,  101;  currency  6's,  130  a  137. 

Cotton  continues  dull.  Sales  of  middlings  are  re- 
ported at  10a  a  10j  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New 
Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8J  a  8J  cts.  for  export 
in  barrels,  and  10|    cts.  per  gallon  in  cases. 

Flour  was  quiet  but  steady.  Sales  of  1800  barrels, 
including  Minnesota,  extras  at  $5.25  a  §6  ;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and 
patents  at  46  a  $7.  Rye  flour  was  firm  at  §3.75  a 
$3.87i  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  unsettled  and  lower.  About 
9000  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.17  ; 


his  constant  kindness,  and  says  he  regrets  the  circuml 
stances  which  have  compelled  him  to  separate  from  hi  J 
colleagues,  whom  he  highly  esteems,  and  with  whoul 
he  has  never  ceased  to  be  in  accord.  President  Grey 
has  sent  a  reply,  expressing  deep  regret  at  the  resigna 
tion  of  so  esteemed  a  colleague.  Decrees  have  beei 
issued  appointing  Prime  Minister  Ferry  Minister  o 
Foreign  Affairs,  and  Faltier  Minister  of  Public  Instruc 
tion,  in  succession  to  Ferry. 

Semi-official  journals  say  the  French  squadron  n 
Chinese  waters  will  be  reinforced,  as  the  Chinese  Vice 
roy  of  Canton  is  assisting  the  Black  Flags. 

In  an  interview  with  a  Gaulois  reporter,  Marquis Tsen; 
the  Chinese  Ambassador,  declared  that  the  situation  be 


No.  2  at  $1.08  a  $113  per  bushel ;  No.  3  red  at  §1  per  jtween  France  and  China  bad  become  very  critical 
bushel.  Corn — Car  lots  were  firm.  About  10,000  bush,  owing  to  the  proceedings  of  the  French  Government 
sold  in  lots  at  56}  a  61  cts.  a  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  [the  repeated  votes  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  and  th 
prime  yellow  and  sail,  mixed.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  juxtaposition  of  the  Chinese  and  French  troops.  Ma 
firmly  held;  about  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  36  a  j  well-armed  Chinese  regulars  have  crossed  the  frontie 
38}  cts.  per  bushel,    according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  and  encamped  at  Bac-Ninh,   where   they  are  closel 

watching  the  movements  of  the  French. 


hite  at  37 

Hav  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  11th 
mo.  17th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  373;  loads  of  slraw,  57.; 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts. 
a  $1  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  last  week  and  prices 
were  a  fraction  higher  :  4000  head  arrived  and  sold  at 
the  different  yards  at  4}  a  6|  cts.  per  lb ,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  lower:  12,000  head  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  2}  a  5^  cts  ,  and  lambs  at  4  a  6\  cts.  per  lb.,  as 
to  condition. 

Hogs  were  steady  :  7000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  6} 
a  7J  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition. 

Foreign.— It  is  said  that  Henry  Chaplin,  member 


The  Bon-sen  ( 'mirier  says  Germany  will  send  a  specia 
envoy  to  Pekin  to  exert  his  influence  in  behalf  of 
peaceful  solution  of  the  questions  pending  betwee 
France  and  China. 

The  North  German  Gazette,  in  an  edilorial  referrin; 
to  the  declining  trade  of  France,  upbraids  the  anti 
German  press  of  that  country  fur  keeping  the  people  i 
fear  of  an  impending  war  with  Germany,  which  has  till 
effect  of  paralyzing  every  branch  of  business  in  Francil 
The  Temps,  referring  to  articles  in  German  newspaper! 
on  France,  in  reply  to  the  comments  of  French  newsl 
papers  on  the  visit  of  the  German  Crown  Prince  tl 
Spain,  accuses  the  German  press  of  bid  faith  in  enl 
deavoring  to  create  a  belief  that    France  is  trying  t| 


of  Parliament  for  Lincolnshire,  proposes  to  continue 'provoke  an  insult  to  Germany.     The  Temps  challenge 


The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  350, 

which  was  ^7  re  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 

22  more  than  dining  the  coi  responding  period  lasl  year. 
The  number  of  males  was  170;  of  females  180:56  died 

of  consumption  ;  ,'il  of  diphtheria;  l':;  of  pneu da; 

17  of  scarlet  fever;  15  of  marasmus;  12  of  convulsions, 
and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 


his  efforts  to  induce  the  Government  to  restrict  the  im 
portajion  of  cattle  from  the  United  States,  which  is 
steadily  increasing. 

De  Lesseps,  speaking  at  Manchester  on  the  17th  in- 
stant, said  that  he  had  received  from  the  engineers  of 
the  Panama  canal  assurances  that  the  canal  would  be 
open  in  five  years. 

The  Paris  correspondent  of  the  London  Times  says 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  basis  upon  which  an 
agreement  is  likely  to  be  arrived  at  between  the  Suez 
Canal  Company  and  the  English  ship-owners  is  that  the 
administration  of  the  Company  shall  be  44  per  cent. 
English  and  56  per  cent.  French;  that  England,  as  well 
as  France,  shall  be  a  seat  of  administration  ;  that  all 
differences  that  may  arise  shall  be  settled  by  English 
tribunals,  and  that  all  surplus  dividends  shall  go  towards 
the  reduction  of  transit  dues  in  the  canal.  This  is 
stated  to  be  the  English  proposal,  but  it  is  generally 

snnnnso/t    th-it    Fi.i    t  n.,..nnnn,:il    „~* . ..w«»l.~    .* ««     I 


the  German  papers,  in  order  to  justify  their  denunci 
tions,  to  quote  any  attacks  made  by  influential  FrencU' 
journals. 

It  is  reported  at  Berlin  that  the  German  Governmetjfc 
will  ask  the  Reichstag  for  a  grant  to  build  fifty  torpedl.i 
boats. 

A  slight  shock  of  earthquake  was  felt  at  Malaga 
Spain,  on  Sixth-day  the  16th  inst.  A  slight  shock  w's_| 
felt  in  the  province  of  Palermo,  Sicily,  on  the  19th.    tit 

A  Rome  despatch  to  the  Exchange  Telegraph  Conj  J 
pany  says,  the  American  bishops  have  suggested  that! L 
Papal  Nuncio  be  appointed  to  the  United  States. 

A  Berlin  despatch  to  the  Exchange  Telegraph  Con'1 
pany  says  the  political  crisis  in  Bulgaria  has  been  sei  * 
tied  by  mutual  concessions  on  the  points  at  issue  bi||ti 
tween  Russia  and  Bulgaria. 

A  special  number  of  The  Will  of  the  People,  a  Nihilii  |, 
agrarian    troubles    in    the 


paper,  state: 
pposed  that  De  Lesseps  will"  not  consent  to  the  propo-  J  Russia  are  increasing,  owing  to  the  deplorahl 
sition  that  all  the  surplus  earnings  shall  go  towards  the  :  'he  rural  populace,  and  that  conflicts  between 
reduction  of  the  tolls,  but  will  insist  that  a  portion  of] and   landlords,   calling  for   military  interven 


the  surplus  shall  go  to  the  shareholders.  A  part  of  the 
agreement  will  be  that  the  English  Government  shall 
lend  £S,000,000  sterling  to  help  in  the  construction  of 
a  second  canal.  The  Observer  says  there  is  reason 
believe  that  the  result  of  the  interviews  between  De 
Lesseps  and  English  ship-owners,  on  the  Suez  canal 
matter,  has  been  to  leave  the  latter  under  the  impression 
that  the  points  of  view  from  which  they  respectively 
regard  the  question  differ  too  fundamentally  to  allow 
any  possibility  of  a  mutual  agreement. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  16th  instant,  while  Prime 
Minister  Ferry  was  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  a  young 
man,  18  years  of  age,  went  to  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction  and  asked  to  see  him.  The  latter's  Secre- 
tary informed  the  youth  that  Ferry  was  absent.  The 
stranger  then  left,  but  returned  ten  minutes  later  and 
forced  his  way  into  the  reception  room,  holding  in  his 
hand  a  revolver,  which  he  kept  pointed  as  if  ready  to 
tire.  An  official  seized  him,  and  after  a  struggle  over- 
powered him.  While  being  held  he  shouted  "  Vive  la 
Republique  Sociale!  Vive  la  Commune  !"  The  re- 
volver was  fully  loaded  and  thirlv  cartridges  were  found 
on  the  person  of  the  youth,  who  gave  his  name  as  Cur- 
rien.  lie  said  he  was  born  at  Jlagueiiau,  in  Alsace, 
and  was  a  baker  by  trade.  A  later  inquiry  into  the  an- 
tecedents of  Currien  develops  the  fact  that  the  prisoner 
is  a  fanatic,  holding  ideas  of  a  violent  nature.     He  is 


A  despatch  from  Tamalave  says:  The  French  have 
declined  proposals  brought  there   by  two   Malagassy 


pending  difficulties. 

Uly  obtained    leu.    of 

,  has  written  a  letter  to 

finally  resigning  the 
lairs  on  account  of  ill- 
IB  President  ( crew  for 


frequent, 


NOTICE. 

A  meeting  of  the  Teachers'  Association  of  Frier 
Philadelphia  and  vicinity,  will  be  held  at  820  CI 
St.,  Seventh-day,  12th  mo.  1st,  at  2.30  P.  M. 

Programme  :  Report  of  Committee  on  Organiza 
Lesson  on  Inductive  Teaching,  by  Edward  Brooks, . 

All  interested  in  the  subject  of  Education  are  invitt' 
to  attend. 


WANTED, 
A  well  qualified  Friend,  as  teacher,  to  take  charge 
Friends'  School  at  Springville,  Iowa.     School  to  op 
early  in  next  month.     Apply  to    B.  V.  Stanley, 

Springville,  Linn  county,  Iowa. 


Died,  9th  mo.  13th,  1S83,  John  Willits  Wakne 
son  of  Thomas  A.  and  Matilda  W.  Warner,  in  the  2: 
year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  Money  Monthly  Meetii 
of  Friends,  Pa. 

,  at  her  residence  in   Hesper,  Winneshiek  Ct    ,, 

Iowa,  on  the  22d  of  10th   ,Q0Q    r -~"  w  -r.™ll 


Lydia  V.  Tabe 

wife  of  Russel  Taber,  aged  72  years  one  month  and  ! 
days,  after  an  illness  of  one  week  of  intense  snfl'erin  ., 
which  was  borne  with  Christian  fortitude.  The  d:  |tjj 
before  her  decease  she  was  able  to  give  directions  as 
the  arrangements  for  her  funeral  and  other  affairs,  wi 
as  much  composure  as  though  she  had  been  speak! 
of  the  ordinary  concerns  of  life.  She  was  ever  ready 
put  forth  a  helping  hand  to  the  needy  under  all  c 
cumstances,  and  rejoiced  in  caring  for  lier  friends,  a 
especially  for  the  messengers  of  the  gospel  of  pea. 
She  rests  from  her  labors,  and  her  works  do  follow  h  . 


<;,„ 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TWELFTH  MONTH  1, 


NO.    17. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOUKTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Knt;r=d 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "  The   Friend." 

letters  and  Memoranda  of  William  Scattergood. 

(Concluded  from  page  122.) 

To . 

"Concordville,  7th  mo.  24th,  1857. 
Dear  Friend, — My  feelings  were  so  awak- 
ned  towards  thee  in  the  little  opportunity 
ve  had  together,  that  I  feel  inclined  at  the 
isk  of  repeating  some  things  that  were  then 
aid,  to  write  a  little  by  way  of  encouraging 
hee  to  faithfulness  and  perseverance  in  the 
pay  of  holiness,  which  leads  to  peace  and 
verlasting  life.  And  above  all  things,  it  is 
n  my  heart  to  recommend  faith  in  God  as 
le  who  can  alone  comfort  and  strengthen  us 
n  our  spiritual  journey,  and  who  is  faithful 
nd  just  to  forgive  us  our  sins,  and  to  cleanse 
is  from  all  unrighteousness.  Is  not  this  the 
nd  we  are  aiming  at?  And  is  there  any- 
hing  more  worth}'  of  our  desire,  than  to  have 
t  fully  accomplished?  Keep  then  this  im- 
lortant  truth  in  view — that  we  are  called 
into  holiness,  and  lot  us  rejoice  in  feeling  that 
his  is  our  chief  desire.  As  this  is  our  concern, 
nd  we  are  made  willing  to  endure  these 
laptisms  which  are  needful  to  bring  it  about, 
pe  shall  find  that  the  work  is  not  our  own, 
mt  that  it  is  God  that  worketh  in  us  both  to 
pill  and  to  do  of  his  good  pleasure.  Under 
his  feeling  we  shall  be  encouraged  to  wait 
or  fresh  ability  from  time  to  time  for  the  per- 
brmanee  of  every  religious  duty,  and  we  shall 
ake  great  care  how  we  attempt  to  do  any- 
bing  which  may  have  the  appearance  of  good 
n  our  own  way  and  time,  but  if  we  find  our- 
elvcs  poor  and  incompetent  to  do  any  good 
hing,  let  us  rest  there — not  in  careless  indif- 
ference, but  in  holy  patience,  waiting  for  the 
)ivine  arising  whereby  we  may  be  rightly 
lualified  to  offer  an  offering  in  righteousness 
ir  to  promote  the  Lord's  cause  and  work  in 
be  earth  ;  for  He  is  not  worshipped  with 
Den's  hands,  neither  will  any  thing  that  is 
'.onceived  in  our  own  wills,  promote  his  cause 
if  truth  and  righteousness  in  the  earth.  Then 
et  me  engage  thee  to  stillness  of  spirit — corn- 
nine  with  thy  own  heart  upon  thy  bed  and 
>e  still,  for  the  Lord  takes  care  of  his  exer- 
lised  children,  even  with  more  care  than  He 
loes  of  the  fowls  of  the  air,  not  one  of  whom 
alleth  to  the  ground  without  his  notice.  Re- 
nember  that  the  hairs  of  our  head  are  all 
mmbered,  and  that  there  is  no  danger  that 
3e  who  has  begun  a  good  work  in  any  of  us, 
vill  forsake  it,  or  leave  us  to  the  power  of  the 


enemy  of  our  souls,  but  will  in  due  time  lift 
up  a  standard  against  bim.  I  think  thou  wilt 
find  great  comfort  from  frequent  reading  in 
the  book  of  Psalms,  wherein  many  experi- 
ences are  set  forth  of  those  who  have  loved 
and  feared  God,  and  which  remain  to  be 
known  to  those  who  have  set  their  love  upon 
Him.  There  is  one  passage  which  occurs  to 
me  just  now  where  it  is  said,  'For  my  love 
they  are  my  adversaries;  but  I  give  myself 
unto  prayer.'  What  a  precious  resort  is  this, 
and  how  certain  of  an  answer  is  such  prayer, 
begotten  under  the  sense  of  the  strength  of 
temptation,  and  that  it  is  because  of  our  love 
to  God  that  these  inward  adversaries  are 
buffeting  us.  Mayost  thou  be  encouraged  to 
hold  fast  the  beginning  of  thy  confidence 
steadfast  to  the  end,  and  thou  wilt  find  as  thy 
attention  is  kept  directed  to  the  Lord  alone 
for  help,  and  not  to  man,  that  thou  wilt  know 
an  increase  in  religious  experience,  and  a 
closer  acquaintance  with  Him  whom  thou 
lovest,  and  who  first  loved  us  and  gave  Him- 
self for  us.  I  feel  strong  desires  for  thy 
preservation  and  advancement  in  true  sta- 
bility. Remember  we  are  but  strangers  and 
pilgrims  in  the  earth  ;  and  let  it  be  the  breath- 
ing of  thy  spirit  to  the  Lord,  'Leave  me  not, 
neither  forsake  me.'  'Thus  He  will  be  found 
from  time  to  time  near  thee  to  preserve  thee. 
He  will  cleanse  thee  from  all  unrighteousness, 
and  give  thee  to  partake  at  seasons  of  those 
precious  consolations  that  are  the  sure  portion 
of  the  pure  in  heart.  'Blessed  are  the  pure 
in  heart  lor  they  shall  see  God.' 

Now,  farewell ;  and  may  nothing  tempt 
thee  to  swerve  from  the  inward  watch  which 
is  the  very  entrance  of  wisdom,  by  which 
thou  wilt  be  preserved  on  the  right  hand  and 
on  the  left,  and  through  the  mercy  of  God  in 
Christ  Jesus,  be  favored,  by  and  by,  to  know 
an  entrance  abundantly  ministered  into  his 
everlasting  and  heavenly  kingdom. 

With  much  love,  I  am  thy  friend, 

Wm.  Scattergood." 

As  appeal's  from  his  memoranda,  William 
Scattergood  removed  with  his  family  from 
Millville  to  Philadelphia,  in  the  autumn  of 
1845.  He  remained  there  until  the  summer 
of  1851  ;  when,  as  he  writes,  "  having  a  clear 
evidence  that  it  was  consistent  with  the  Lord's 
will,  I  purchased  a  small  farm  adjacent  to  the 
meeting-house  at  Concordville,  Penna.,  and 
removed  there  during  the  summer  of  said 
year.  Being  settled  here,"  he  continues,  "  and 
sensible  of  many  blessings  conferred  upon  us, 
favored  also  with  a  degree  of  solemn  quiet, 
from  the  sense  that  we  were  in  our  proper 
allotment,"  he  soon  found  religious  services 
opening  upon  his  mind  ;  which,  giving  due 
place  to,  he  obtained  the  needful  credentials, 
and  visited  the  families  of  his  own,  (Concord) 
Monthl}'  Meeting:  then,  in  the  order  named, 
the  meetings  and  families  of  Friends  in  Cain, 
Western,  Haddonfield — except  within  the 
limits  of  one  Monthly  Meeting — Shrewsbury 


and  Rahway.  and  Concord  Quarterly  Meet- 
ings. These  visits,  which  were  concluded 
filially  in  the  Sixth  month  of  1857,  he  records, 
•'afforded  peace  to  my  mind." 

Subsequently  to  this,  he  says,  '•  I  have  been 
engaged,  as  way  opened,  to  attend  neighbor- 
ing Monthly,  Quarterly,  and  Particular  Meet- 
ings as  they  came  in  course,  and  much  peace 
of  mind  has  been  my  portion."  ''In  all  these 
engagements  I  have  moved  in  fear,  and  I  trust 
with  single  and  sincere  desires  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  good  cause.  Some  of  the 
service  allotted  has  been  exercising,  but  on 
other  occasions  evidence  was  given  that  good- 
ness and  mercy  are  still  near  us  as  a  people, 
and  that  all  that  is  wanting  is  more  dedica- 
tion on  our  part  to  enable  us  to  enjoy  that 
blessed  condition  which  once  pertained  to  us 
as  a  religious  Society.  I  see  here  and  there 
clear  proofs  that  the  Lord  still  gives  his  gifts 
to  men,  and  if  faithfulness  is  abode  in,  some 
will  yet  be  made  to  show  forth  his  praise." 

"As  I  am  led  to  meditate  upon  the  present 
aspect  of  affairs  in  our  religious  Society,  and 
the  great  departures  among  us  from  primitive 
simplicity  and  zeal,  I  see  preserved  here  and 
there  a  seed  which  I  trust  will  be  counted  to 
the  Lord  for  a  generation  ;  and  although  I 
may  not  see  to  any  great  extent  the  gather- 
ing together  in  one,  of  the  now  scattered  and 
peeled  people  that  love  the  name  of  the  Lord, 
yet  I  firmly  believe  He  will  preserve  witnesses 
to  his  truth,  who  shall  stand  as  waymarks, 
and  whom  He  will  keep  by  the  right  hand  of 
his  righteousness  to  his  own  glory,  and  the 
peace  of  those  who  keep  the  faith  in  their  Di- 
vine Lord  and  Master.  What  a  wonderful 
departure  there  is  from  that  holy,  humble 
walking,  which  the  Truth  would  and  does 
lead  into.  How  has  the  cross  of  Christ  be- 
come a  stumbling  block,  and  as  foolishness  to 
many  who  have  been  brought  up  and  make 
a  profession  among  us ;  whole  Yearly  Meet- 
ings adopting,  almost  without  a  dissenting 
voice,  sentiments  and  views  which  are  at  en- 
mity with  the  profession  and  faith  of  our 
early  predecessors,  and  becoming  persecutors 
of  those  who  feel  bound  to  maintain  them." 

"4th  mo.  1st,  1855.— My  mind  has  been 
much  and  thoughtfully  exercised  within  the 
past  few  weeks,  in  looking  forward  to  our  ap- 
proaching Yearly  Meeting.  Within  the  past 
few  days  in  an  especial  manner  with  respect 
to  myself;  and  strong  desires  have  been  be- 
gotten this  evening,  that  I  may  be  preserved 
in  the  hollow  of  the  Lord's  hand,  and  be  so 
kept  in  singleness  and  holy  watchfulness  be- 
fore Him,  as  to  experience  peace  of  mind  and 
true  settlement  upon  the  unchangeable  foun- 
dation." 

The  following  is  a  record  of  a  prayer  made 
by  W.  S.  in  a  Yearly  Meeting  held  in  this  or 
a  previous  year,  viz  : — 

"  O  Lord,  the  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh  ! 
Whose  unfailing  and  eternal  arm  of  power 
has  been  stretched  out  from  generation  to 
generation  for  the  help  of  thine  afflicted  and 


130 


THE    FRIEND. 


poor  people  that  trust  in  Thee  !  Thou  knowest 
the  state  of  thy  church  !  Thou  knowest  the 
deep  conflict  and  exercise  of  some  of  thy  poor 
children  that  are  now  before  thee,  whose  chief 
and  onlv  desire  is  that  thy  glorious  holy 
Name  may  be  exalted,  and  that  the  kingdom 
of  thy  dear  Son  may  be  extended  from  sea  to 
sea  and  from  the  river  to  the  ends  of  the 
earth  !  We  trust  in  Thee.  We  believe  that 
thy  holy,  eternal  arm  is  not  shortened  that  it 
cannot  save,  neither  is  thine  ear  heavy  that 
it  cannot  hear.  Answer,  we  pray  thee,  ac- 
cording to  thy  own  good  will  and  pleasure, 
the  fervent  travail  and  exercise  of  these. 
Keep  us,  we  pray  thee,  in  the  hollow  of  thy 
holy  hand;  that  so.  whether  in  suffering  or 
rejoicing,  we  mav  give  glory  to  Thee.  And 
prepare  us  availingly  to  labor  for  the  promo- 
tion of  thy  glorious  cause  of  Truth  and  right- 
eousness "in  the  earth.  Wo  worship  at  thy 
footstool,  and  ascribe  unto  Thee,  glory  and 
honor,  who  art  God  over  all,  blessed  forever 
and  ever.  Amen." 

"  1st  mo.  1857.— The  opening  of  another 
year  seems  a  suitable  occasion  to  bring  up  a 
review  of  the  past,  in  which  it  may  be  said 
that  no  prospect  of  good  at  hand  to  our  re- 
ligious Society  seems  to  have  been  afforded. 
There  is  a  ministry  abroad  among  us  that  is 
exercised  in  the  will  and  wisdom,  the  affec- 
tions and  imaginations  of  the  creature,  and 
too  many  of  those  who  sit  in  judgment  are 
unable  to  perceive  it,  and  thus  it  seems  to  me, 
confusion  is  brought  into  the  church,  and  the 
trumpet  giving  an  uncertain  sound,  the  peo- 
ple do  not  prepare  themselves  tor  the  battle, 
and  the  children  are  not  brought  forth  who 
have  been  made  sensible  in  measure  of  the 
strivings  of  divine  life. 

Where  this  state  of  things  is  to  end,  I  can- 
not see.  It  must  be  left  to  Him  who  seeth 
the  end  from  the  beginning,  and  who  can  sus- 
tain his  true-hearted  children  in  every  trial, 
and  will  finally  bring  about  his  own  blessed 
ends,  and  I  trust  preserve  a  remnant  to  serve 
Him,  so  that  the  light  of  his  glory  may  not 
be  altogether  lost  sight  of  in  this  our  day  and 
generation." 

This  was  the  last  memoranda  made  by 
W.  S. ;  and  in  the  words  of  the  valued  friend 
who  submitted  these  notes,  "  On  the  13th  day 
of  8th  month,  1857,  and  in  the  53d  year  of  his 
age,  his  Heavenly  Father,  whom  he  had  en- 
deavored to  serve  from  his  youth  up,  often 
through  much  tribulation,  was  pleased  to  cut 
short  the  work,  and  we  humbly  trust  to  re- 
ceive him  into  ono  of  the  many  mansions 
promised  to  those  who   love  and  serve  Him." 


The  Conscript  Quakers. 

(Concluded  from  page  123.) 

The  conscripted  young  men  were  soon  sum- 
moned to  camp,  whither  I'rovosl  Marshal 
Chadsey  advised  that  they  bo  allowed  to  go, 
as  a  Choice  of  evils,  between  that,  and  their 
being  taken  as  prisoners  to  Governor's  Island 
(a  military  station  in  New  York  harbor),  to 
be  disposed  of  as  might  there  be  determine 
He  said  they  were  old  mil lita ry  stagers 
Governor's  bland,  who  knew  little  aside  fro 
military  operations  and  tactics,  and  won 
have  little  or  no  idea  of  lenity  or  merry.  \i 
we  thought  if  they  wenl  into  camp  they  mig 
be  summarily  ordered  away,  beyond  Oi 
reach;  and  further,  that  WO  might  as  well 
know  the  worst  at  once;  that  if  they  were  to 
be  tried  by  court-martial  as  deserters,  it  in 
as  well  come  first  as  last.      We   therefore  de-  an 


eided  to  go  with  tbem  to  Governor's  Island; 
and  did  so,  under  feelings  of  intense  anxiety 
and  much  doubt  as  to  the  result. 

Before  seeing  the  Commandant,  who  was  a 
Colonel  Loomis,  we  happened  to  meet  with 
the  physician  and  the  surgeon,  both  of  whom, 
after  hearing  our  story,  at  once  took  part 
with  us.  We  found  that  the  former  was  well 
acquainted  with  Friends,  his  wife  being  a 
member  of  the  Society;  and  that  the  latte 
was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  and 
of  very  kindly  feelings.  On  coming  before 
the  colonel,  the  surgeon  at  once  volunteered 
to  plead  our  cause,  saying,  "Colonel,  it  will 
never  do  to  send  such  men  as  these  over  to 
the  castle  ;*  they  are  of  the  respectable  and 
ntelligent  class  of  society;"  to  which  the 
colonel  replied,  "  That  is  what  I  should  like 
to  avoid."  After  hearing  our  plea,  he  said  he 
should  send  us  over  to  General  Canby,  who 
had  charge  of  the  troops  in  the  city.  The 
surgeon  (Dr.  White)  asked  the  colonel  if  he 
might  go  with  us  to  General  Canby's  head- 
quarters, saying  that  we  should  need  a  guide. 
To  this  a  ready  assent  was  given,  I  m  ' 
say  greatlj-  to  our  satisfaction. 

General  Canby  listened  consideratel}T  to 
our  plea,  but  said  he  thought  we  might  pay 
the  commutation  without,  any  sacrifice  of 
principle;  that  it  was  put  into  the  law  pur- 
posely to  meet  such  cases.  We  replied  that 
we  could  see  no  difference  between  taking  up 
arms  ourselves  and  hiring  others  to  do  it  in 
our  places  ;  that  by  the  law  this  commutation 
was  to  be  used  to  hire  a  substitute.  He  did 
did  not  seem  disposed  to  discuss  the  question, 
and  soon  said  :  "  Well,  I  can  pretty  easily  ap- 
preciate your  scruples  ;  by  near  relations  are 
mostly  Friends;"  when  Charles  Perry  said, 
"  It  is  very  singular  that  we  meet  so  many 
who  are  connected  with  Friends  in  our  calls 
upon  military  men  ;  that  the  Secretary  of 
War  told  us  that  his  parents  were  Friends." 
General  Canby  soon  said  he  thought  it  best 
to  write  the  President  and  lay  the  case  before 
him.  He  then  wrote  to  Colonel  Loomis  on 
the  Island,  and  handed  the  letter  folded  but 
unsealed  to  Charles  Perry,  who  was  about  to 
put  it  in  his  pocket,  when  General  Canby 
said  to  him,  "Mead  it;"  which  Charles  then 
did  ;  and  with  much  feeling  said,  "  It  is  ail  we 
could  ask;  if  I  had  written  it  myself  I  could 
not  have  put  it  in  more  satisfactory  terms." 
The  letter  was  to  this  effect :  That  he  had  de- 
rided to  refer  the  case  of  these  men  to  the 
President,  for  his  judgment ;  and  meanwhile, 
until  he  received  an  answer,  the  colonel  was 
directed  to  retain  them  on  the  Island,  with 
no  other  restriction  than  their  word  that  they 
would  not  leave  and  that  nothing  should  be 
required  of  them  inconsistent  with  their  prin- 
ciples. 

Wo  left  General  Canby  with  a  comfortable 
hope  that  we  should  get  a  favorable  decision; 
knowing  that  when  President  Lincoln  saw 
the  names  of  the  men,  he  would  find,  by  refer- 
ence to  the  list,  his  clerk  had  taken,  that  they 
were  the  same;  ami  that  he  would  remember 
our  interviews  with  him.  We  then  went  back 
to  I  he  Island,  and  leaving  the  young  men 
there,  returned  home.  After  waiting  more 
than  two  weeks,  and  hearing  nothing  from 
General  Canby,  who  was  to  advise  us  of  any 
tidings  ho  might  receive,  we  again  went  to 


New  York  to  learn  what  further  we  could. 
We  -first  called  on  the  general,  who  said  he  | 
had  been  expecting  letters  for  some  time,  but 
had  as  yet  received  none.  We  then  went  to 
the  Island  and  saw  the  young  men,  who  were 
a  good  deal  discouraged,  fearing  they  would 
have  to  remain  there  during  the  war.  We 
left  them  and  went  to  Flushing,  Long  Island, 
to  stop  with  our  relatives  there,  promising  to 
return  next  morning  and  spend  the  First-day 
with  them.  On  going  back  next  morning, 
when  nearing  the  Island,  we  saw  the  younij 
men  standing  on  the  wharf,  looking  very 
cheerful.  On  landing  they  informed  us  that 
an  order  had  been  received  from  Washington 
for  their  release!  They  had  a  copy  of  the 
order,  and  passed  it  to  us  to  read.  It  required 
that  these  men  be  discharged  on  parole  until 
they  should  be  called  for.  Surgeon  White  was 
with  them  on  the  wharf,  and  appeared  no  less 
joyful  than  the  rest;  he  asked  whether  we 
knew  what  "until  they  are  called  for"  meant; 
adding,  "it  means  that  they  will  never  be 
called  for."  We  told  him  that  we  so  under- 
stood it.  Taking  leave  of  him  with  due  ac- 
knowledgment of  his  kindness  in  this  time  oi 
trial,  we  immediately  left  the  Island.  Our 
young  friends  went  with  us  to  Flushing 
here  we  stayed  until  the  next  day.  Upon 
n-  return  to  the  city,  we  again  called  on 
General  Canby, and  thanked  him  for  the  kind- 
ness which  he  had  shown  us,  and  the  interest 
he  had  manifested  on  our  behalf;  far  beyond 
what  we  had  reason  to  expect. 

We  took  the  evening  boat  for  home;  and  I 
emember  to  have  spent  a  more  joyful 


■  [i  n  nt  1; 


visited,  and  fuiind 
mil  hardened  set  ; 

•hisses  in  the  city. 


day  and  night  in   my  life.     My  peace  flowi 
as  a  river,  and  a  song  of  thanksgiving  unutj 
terable  was  raised  unto  Him  whose  Almighty 
Hand    was    clearly    discernible    throu^hou! 
these  remarkable  occurrences. 

Provost  Marshal  Chadsey,  on  being  in- 
formed of  the  kind  and  feeling  reception 
which  we  met  at  Governor's  Island  and  ir 
New  York  city,  and  of  the  final  result, 
claimed,  "You  were  right  and  I  was  wrong;' 
and  added,  "It  really  seems  as  if  the  Divini 
Hand  was  in  it." 

The  young  men  went  to  thcirseveral  homes 
and  continued  to  pursue  their  ordinary  avo 
ations  until  the  end  of  the  war.  No  call  wasl 
ver  made  for  them  by  the  government. 

No  doubt  the  faithfulness  we  were  enablec 
to  pursue  in  going  to  Governor's  Island  wafc 
a  great  aid  in  the  removal  of  our  difficulties 
We  have,  in  the  experience  we  met  with  Iron 
the  authorities  of  the  land,  and  especially 
from  the  military  officers,  a  striking  illustra 
tion  of  the  great  advance  in  religious  tolcra 
tion  and  freedom  which  has  been  made  since 
the  early  settlement  of  our  country;  and  ; 
forcible  reminder  that  wo  of  this  generation 
owe  much  to  the  unflinching  integrity  anil 
faithfulness  of  our  early  Friends;  even  unti, 
death,  in  support  of  our  testimonies. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

INSTANT    IN     SEASON. 

On  one  occasion,  as  our  late  valued  friend 
Hannah  Gibbons,  was  going  from  Birming 
ham  to  her  home  in  West  Chester,  her  mini; 
was  brought  under  religious  exercise,  with  ai 
impression  that  it  would  be  right  to  call  at  i 
house  by  the  roadside,  with  whose  inmate 
she  had  no  acquaintance.  She  mentioned  he 
concern  to  the  Friend  who  drove  the  earriagi 
lie  expressed  his  willingness  to  do  whaleve 


THE    FRIEND. 


131 


she  desired,  but  suggested  that  as  the  day  was 
waning,  and  the  roads  deep  and  heavy,  it 
might  be  better  then  to  go  on  home,  and 
promised  to  take  her  to  call  on  the  family 
when  a  suitable  opportunity  presented.  To 
this  suggestion  Hannah  yielded,  and  they 
pursued  their  journey  without  calling. 

The  opportunity  for  the  discharge  of  a  re- 
ligious duty,  which  was  thus  allowed  to  pass 
unimproved,  never  returned.  For,  on  a  sub- 
sequent visit  to  the  house  it  was  ascertained, 
that  the  family  had  removed  in  the  interim 
to  a  distant  part  of  the  country;  and  the 
burthen  of  an  unfulfilled  duty  doubtless  rest- 
ed uncomfortably  on  the  mind  of  this  consci- 
entious and  tender-spirited  Friend. 

When  Joseph  Hoag  was  a  young  man,  he 
had  occasion  to  go  about  12  miles  from  home 
on  business,  into  a  part  of  the  country  where 


hearing  of  the  deaths  in  this  family,  I  was 
beset  by  the  enemy,  who  insinuated  to  my 
mind,  'that  now  I  knew  for  a  certainty  that 
I  had  disobej-ed  the  word  of  the  Lord;  that 
I  had  not  warned  the  wicked,  and  the}-  had 
died  in  their  sins;  that  now  their  blood  was 
required  at  my  hands,  and  cried  against  me 
as  Abel's  cried  against  Cain  ;'  and  thus  I  was 
sorely  buffetted  by  Satan,  who  tried  to  per- 
suade me  that  the  idea  of  my  finding  forgive- 
ness was  only  imagination,  till  I  was  almost 
driven  to  despair;  so  that  had  not  the  Lord 
in  mercy  rebuked  the  serpent,  I  should  have 
sunk  under  the  affliction,  for  which  favor  1 
desire  to  praise  his  ever-adorable  name. 

Here  I  can  but  remark,  that  bad  I,  instead 
of  entering  into  reasoning,  turned  my  mind 
to  the  Lord  with  a  humble  prayer  that  He 
Id 


of  being  ''instant  in  season''  is  more  vitally 
pressing,  than  where  the  visitations  of  heaven- 
ly love  are  extended  to  the  soul,  inviting  man 
to  submit  himself  to  the  government  of  God, 
to  take  up  his  cross  and  follow  in  the  way  in 
which  his  Saviour  would  lead  him.  Thou- 
sands have  had  cause  bitterly  to  lament  that 
they  turned  aside  from  these  invitations,  and 
deferred  to  a  future  day,  that  work  which 
man  cannot  do  of  himself,  and  which  depends 
upon  that  assisting  Grace — of  whose  renewed 
visits  he  has  no  control.  What  a  warning  is 
contained  in  a  narrative  given  in  the  American 
Messenger  of  a  young  man  of  good  moral 
character,  ami  respected  in  the  community  in 
which  he  lived,  but  who  seemed  insensible  to 
religious  impressions  at  a  time  when  much  in- 
terest was  awakened  on  such  subjects  among 
his  associates !  To  one  who  conversed  with 
him  on  his  indifference,  he  made  the  follow- 
ing statement  : — 

"  I  do  not  doubt  that  this  is  the  work  of 
God.  I  rejoice  in  your  success.  But  as  for 
myself,  I  feel  no  interest.  I  know  full  well 
that  I  am  not  reconciled  to  God,  and  that  I 
am  hastening  on  to  a  sinner's  doom  ;  but 
clearly  as  I  perceive  this,  1  feel  no  alarm. 
These  precious  calls,  these  offers  of  mercy, 
this  pardon  of  sin,  this  salvation,  this  peace 
and  joy,  is  for  others,  but  not  for  me.  A  life  of 
darkness,  an  end  of  utter  darkness,  lies  before 
me.  For  others  there  is  hope.  For  me  there 
is  no  hope.     Once  I  too  might  have  turned 


would  preserve  me  from  all  delusion,  and  give 
he  had  no  knowledge  of  the  people.  He  says :!  me  strength  to  do  his  will,  no  doubt  I  should 
"As  I  came  in  sight  of  a  house,  I  felt  it  my  [have  been  enabled  to  do  my  duty,  have  en- 
duty  to  stop  and  go  into  it.  As  I  continued  joyed  peace  and  a  tranquil  mind,  and  escaped 
to  approach  the  house,  this  sense  of  duty  in-jthe  buffettings  of  Satan.  Oh  !  I  should  have 
creased  with  so  much  weight,  that  I  was  been  spared  the  loss  of  much  time,  missed  an 
afraid  to  pass  by  without  attending  to  it.  I  abundance  of  sorrow  and  woe,  and  have  been 
accordingly  alighted  and  went  in.  As  I  better  able  to  fill  up  my  duty,  both  in  a  tern- 
entered  the  door,  this  portion  of  Scripture  poral  and  in  a  religious  line.  I  have  suffered 
powerfully  ran  through  my  mind  :  'Set  thine  almost  every  way  on  account  of  my  remiss- 
house  in  order,  for  thou  shalt  die  and  not  ness  herein,  for  when  my  mind  was  so  much 
live.'  I  was  exceedingly  struck  with  the  Ian-  perplexed,  I  was  not  able  to  manage  1113'  tem- 
guagc,  and  instead  of  expressing  it  as  I  ought'  poral  affairs  to  good  account.  May  these 
to  have  done,  I  sat  down  and  reasoned,  until  portions  of  sorrowful  experience  be  lessons  of 
a  cloud  came  over  my  mind,  when  I  thought1  lasting  instruction  to  my  posterity!" 

that  I  was  too  young,  and  had  not  arrived  atl  The  National  Farmer  relates  a  case  in  which 'and  found  eternal  life.  Now  it  is  too  late, 
that  degree  of  experience,  which  would  justify  |  the  prompt  use  of  a  passing  opportunity  en-  "When  I  was  in  college,  I  passed  through 
me  in  delivering  such  a  solemn  and  awful  abled  a  watchful  Christian  to  be  helpful  to  a  scenes  similar  to  these  we  are  now  witness- 
message  ;  querying  with  myself,  how  did  I  brother  and  to  fill  his  own  eyes  with  tears  ing.  Then  the  Spirit  of  God  came,  and  many 
know  but  that  it  was  all  the  work  of  the  wick-  of  gladness.  He  was  a  travelling  salesman,  and'obeyed  his  call.  I  too  was  so  distressed  that 
ed  one  to  destroy  me.  1  arose  anil  went  awajyon  his  way  to  the  depot,  in  a  town  in  Illinois,  |l  could  not  study.  I  felt  that  my  soul  de- 
carrying  with  me  a  heavy  heart  and  a  dis-  was  accosted  by  a  stranger,  a  young  man  of,  manded  my  immediate  attention.  But  to  at- 
tressed  mind  for  this  omission  of  duty,  which  about  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and  invited  to  tend  to  my  soul  I  thought  I  must  give  up  the 
continued  with  me  for  a  long  time.  After,  slop  and  have  a  glass  of  beer.  "I  do  not  studies  in  which  I  was  deeply  interested,  and 
accomplishing  my  errand,  on  passing  the  drink,"  was  the  reply.  "  Come,  have  a  cigar,  sacrifice  the  literary  mark  i  had  set  before 
house  as  I  was  returning  the  next  da}',  the  and  let  us  enjoy  a  game  of  cards,"  persisted  me.  After  struggling  awhile  with  my  con- 
same  impression  came  over  me,  but  I  rode  by  the  stranger,  pointing  to  a  saloon  near  by.i  victions,  I  deliberately  resolved  to  put  off  all 
and  went  home,  losing  my  peace  and  my  tea-  "  I  don't  smoke  nor  play  cards.  Won't  you  consideration  of  the  interests  of  my  soul  till  I 
timony,  which  did  not  return  to  me  for  walk  with  me  to  the  depot?"  said  the  travel- 
months.     All  this  I  kept  to  myself.  ler.     It  was  the  one  opportunity  to  do  good, 

and  it  was  not  lost.     As  they  walked  on  to- 
gether the  evil  course  of  the  stranger  and  its 


About  a  year  after,  as  I  was  passing  the 
same  house,  my  former  exercise  came  fresh 
in  my  remembrance,  and  I  thought  I  would 
call  at  another  house  near,  and  inquire  after 
the  family,  where  I  was  told  that  a  great 
change  had  taken  place  in  it ;  that  the  parents 
with  twelve  children  all  living  at  home  had 
neither  witnessed  death  nor  sickness  of  any 
serious  consequence  till  within  the  past  year, 
but  that  lately  the  mother  and  seven  of  the 
children  had  died  of  a  fever  within  a  few 
weeks  of  each  other.  I  then  inquired  if  they 
were  religious  people,  but  was  informed  that 
they  were  not  at  all  so.  Previous  to  hearing 
this,  I  had  passed  through  deep  sufferings 
and  sore  chastisings  for  my  want  of  obedi- 
ence, thinking  at  times  if  I  could  have  my 
peace  restored,  I  would  accomplish  any  duty 
required  of  me  hereafter,  if  I  could  only  be 
sure  it  was  a  right  requisition,  for  I  greatly 
feared  being  deceived,  or  running  without 
right  authority,  and  desired  to  know  for  a 
certainty  whether  I  had  done  wrong  or  not 
in  withholding  as  I  did.  At  length  this  lan- 
guage opened  to  my  mind  :  '  As  thou  didst  it 
not  through  wilful  disobedience,  but  through 
fear  of  being  deceived,  there  is  forgiveness  for 
thee  ;'  and  my  peace  in  good  measure  return- 
ed to  me,  and  I  appeared  in  public  again  a 
number  of  times  to  my  own  comfort.    But  on 


inevitable  result  were  clearly  and  kindly 
pointed  out.  His  mother  was  brought  to  re- 
membrance, and  there  was  an  earnest  and 
affectionate  appeal  to  be  reconciled  to  God. 

.The  stranger  broke  down  in  tears  and  was 
again  urged  to  give  his  heart  to  Christ.  As 
the  train  came  up,  with  tears  streaming  down 
his  cheeks,  he  promised   not  only  to  join  a 


was  through  college,  and  then  give  my  un- 
divided attention. 

"  No  sooner  was  this  determination  formed, 
than  I  felt  that  the  Spirit  bad  left  me.    I 


troubled  with  no  anxiety,  no  seiiousness. 
Others  were  burdened  and  distressed,  but  I 
was  free  to  plunge  into  my  books.  Others 
found  peace  and  sang  a  new  song,  but  even 
this  did  not  disturb  me. 

"  I  passed  through  that  revival,  callous  to 
every  gospel  appeal.  My  college  life  is  now- 
over.     The  time  that  I  had  fixed  to  seek  the 


temperance  society,  but  also  that  he  would  I  salvation  of  my  soul  has  come.     The  Spirit  of 
try  to  be  a  Christian.  jGod  is  again  poured  out,  but  the  anxiety  I 


For  some  days  frequent  and  earnest  prayer 
was  offered  for  him,  but  soon  business  matters 
forced  the  thoughts  of  the  man  from  the  mind 
of  the  traveller. 

Two  years  or  more  passed,  and  one  morn- 
ing, in  a  town  in  Northern  Ohio,  the  one  who 
had  been  faithful  to  an  opportunity  was  called 
to  his  door  to  receive  from  a  stranger  the 
greeting:  "Don't  you  know  me?"  Grasping 
his  hand  with  an  expression  of  gladness,  the 
stranger  gave  a  name  which  recalled  the  in- 
cident in  Illinois.  He  was  the  young  man. 
He  had  kept  his  promise  and  had  come  to 
Christ,  and  the  eyes  of  him  who  had  been  in- 
strumental in  turning  a  sinner  from  the  error 
of  his  waj'S,  and  of  him  who  had  been  turned, 
were  both  filled  with  tears  of  gladness. 

There  is  no  case  in  which  the  importance 


once  had  does  not  return.  I  have  not  the 
least  disposition  to  act.  I  believe  the  truth 
of  the  message  you  bring.  I  have  the  fullest 
conviction  of  the  reality  of  the  judgment,  of 
eternal  life  for  those  who  come  to  Christ,  and 
of  eternal  death  for  those  who  do  not  come, 
and  yet  my  heart  is  not  moved.  I  know  that 
my  companions  are  pressing  into  the  king- 
dom, while  I  am  left  behind,  yet  this  docs  not 
disturb  me.  I  have  so  grieved  the  Spirit  of 
God,  that  I  have  no  hope  the  Spirit  will  ever 
return  to  bid  my  soul  live." 

Whether  this  individual  was  ever  favored 
with  a  renewal  of  the  offers  of  grace,  we  know 
not;  but  his  experience  may  well  remind  us 
of  the  petition  of  the  Eoyai  Psalmist,  when 
he  had  greatly  offended  :  "'Take  not  thy  Holy 
Spirit  from  me." 


132 


THE    FRIEND. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

In  "Tbe  Friend"  of  11th  mo.  16th,  1883,  is 
a  notice  of  the  late  Daniel  B.  Smith,  derived, 
as  it  is  there  stated,  mainly  from  a  paper  read 
before  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
by  one  of  its  members.  Prepared  as  that  paper 
was  for  an  association  of  men  of  different  re- 
ligious opinions,  its  author  did  not  feel  himself 
called  upon  to  especially  direct  attention  to 
what  was  a  very  marked  feature  in  Daniel  13. 
Smith's  character,  his  attachment  to  the  prin- 
ciples and  testimonies  of  the  religious  Society 
of  Friends.  And  yet  no  notice  of  his  life 
would  be  at  all  complete  without  some  such 
reference.  How  strong  were  his  convictions, 
and  how  loving  his  attachment  to  his  relig- 
ious Society  are  well  shown  in  the  following 
words,  which  form  the  concluding  paragraph 
of  a  series  of  interesting  and  instructive  lec- 
tures prepared  by  him  for  his  pupils  at  Haver- 
ford  School. 

"  Cherish  carefully,  therefore,  the  affections 
which  bind  you  to  that  religious  Society  in 
which  your  lot  has  been  cast,  and  which 
forms  so  beautiful  a  model  of  the  religious 
compact.  It  contains  within  itself  every  thing 
that  can  commend  it  to  the  heart  and  the 
reason. 

"  We  have  traced  its  principles  in  their  ap- 
plication to  the  varied  concerns  of  life,  and 
have  found  them  to  shed  a  clear  and  benig- 
nant light  upon  them  all.  They  blend  in  one 
the  truths  of  religion  and  philosophy.  They 
harmonize  the  highest  discoveries  of  reason 
with  the  undoubted  dictates  of  revelation. 

"  The  Society  of  Friends  raised  the  standard 
of  universal  toleration  and  peace  in  a  turbu- 
lent and  bigoted  age.  It  is  the  onlj-  religious 
Society  which,  having  attained  political  power 
while  its  sides  were  still  reeking  with  the 
blood  of  persecution,  sought  no  revenge  on 
its  persecutors. 

•'It  led  the  way  in  proclaiming  liberty  to 
the  negro,  in  banishing  from  its  borders  that 
opprobrium  of  Christendom,  the  use  of  ardent 
spirits;  in  denouncing  all  oaths  as  immoral; 
in  renouncing  war;  in  proclaiming  tbe  abso- 
lute equality  of  religious  rights,  and  the  per- 
fect freedom  of  tbe  Gospel ; — and  one  after 
another  these  glorious  truths  are  embraced 
by  men  and  communities  that  are  still  press- 
ing on  in  the  pursuit  after  Truth  and  Virtue." 
^^^__  J.  J.  L. 

Mildred  Ratcliff. 

[The  following  tribute  to  the  memory  of  a 
beloved  minister  of  the  Gospel,  has  for  many 
years  been  circulating  in  manuscript,  and  was 
recently  sent  for  insertion  in  "The  Friend," 
by  an  aged  friend  in  Ohio. 

Her  residence  was  in  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania, whither  she  had  removed  from  Vir- 
ginia, her  native  country.  During  a  religious 
visit  which  she  paid  in  the  latter  years  of  her 
life  to  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  she  made 
a  strong  impression  on  the  minds  of  many, 
not  only  by  her  services  in  our  meetings,  but 
by  her  remarkable  powers  of  conversation, 
which  were  directed  to  the  promotion  of  tbe 
kingdom  of  the  Redeemer;  so  t  hat,  like  the 
late  Christopher  Healy,  her  familiar  inter- 
course in  the  parlor  was  like  preaching. 

Her  health  was  very  frail,  and  she  was  fre- 
quently disabled  from  journeying  by  attacks 
of  disease.  On  one  such  occasion  she  found 
a  quiet  resting  place  at  the  house  of  the  late 
William  Kinsey,  of  Frankford,  Philadelphia. 
His  wife,  Phebe,  a  sweet-spirited  and  valuable 


elder,  years  after  related  to  me  an  incident 
which  occurred  at  that  time.  As  day  after 
day  passed  away,  while  Mildred  was  still 
lying  on  her  sick  bed,  the  young  man,  who 
waited  on  her  and  her  female  companion,  be- 
came very  uneasy.  Harvest  time  was  ap- 
proaching, and  he  had  left  no  one  at  home 
who  could  properly  attend  to  the  gathering 
of  his  crops,  and  so  he  feared  that  they  would 
be  allowed  to  go  to  waste.  Mildred  felt  sym- 
pathy for  him  —  and  one  day  was  favored  with 
a  revival  of  faith  on  his  account,  and  told  him, 
she  believed  his  crops  would  be  safely  housed. 
He  could  scarcely  accept  the  encouragement 
offered,  and  replied,  that  he  did  not  see  bow 
it  was  to  be  done.  Yet  so  it  turned  out.  His 
grain  ripened  sooner  than  that  of  his  neigh- 
bors and  they  went  into  his  fields,  and  gath- 
ered it;  so  that  on  his  return  home,  he  found 
Mildred's  prediction  had  been  fulfilled. — Ed.] 

There  is  an  eagle  brightness  in  that  eye, 
Whence  radiant  sparks  of  inspiration  fly  ; 
There  is  a  witchery  in  that  fluent  tongue, 
Whence  rich  instruction  every  breath  is  flung. 

The  mute,  the  eloquent,  I  he  weak,  the  sage, 
The  wise,  the  simple,  infancy  and  age, 
As  thou  departed  scenes  called  into  view, 
Hung  on  thy  lips;  for,  ancient  things  and  new 

From  thy  exhaustless  treasury  are  brought; 
In  all  the  dishabille  of  native  thought. 
As  erst  the  prophet's  vine,  thy  branches  shoot 
Over  the  wall,  rich  with  luxuriant  fruit. 

Though  still  thy  Master's  pruning  knife  was  known, 
The  native  vigor  in  new  shoots  was  shown. 
Oft  have  the  archers  shot,  but  still  thy  bow 
Abode  in  strength  ;  thou  quailed  not  at  the  foe. 

Strengthened  by  Jacob's  God,  thy  hands  were  strong 
To  stand  the  combat,  tho'  the  strife  was  long: 
Yet,  with  thy  mental  strength,  thy  spirit's  force, 
Guiding  our  hearts,  in  a  mysterious  course; 

Holding  in  leading  strings,  the  strongest  mind 
A  willing  captive,  curiously  entwined 
In  some  unearthly  gossamer,  whose  strength 
It  cannot  sever,  nor  define  its  length. 

Thou  art  thyself  a  prisoner;  a  poor  frame, 
Shattered  and  weak,  bears  Mildred  Katcliff's  name. 
A  spirit  of  gigantic  powers  is  pent 
In  a  frail  body,  by  each  light  wind  rent. 

A  mind,  expanded  as  cerulean  dome, 

Is  girt  with  pains  and  weaknesses  at  home. 

The  glories  of  the  coming  world  are  thine, 

But  this  world's  splendors  never,  for  thee,  shine. 

Thou  see'st  the  gems  and  jewels  of  the  throne, 
But,  gems  and  jewels  here,  wilt  never  own. 
In  thy  log-cabin,  by  the  mountain's  side, 
The  Christian  traveller  loveth  to  abide. 

Springs  of  refreshment  there  are  bubbling  up  ; 
There  the  dear  Master  fills  the  sparkling  cup; 
And,  as  in  Cana,  still  his  power  Divine 
Turns  living  water  to  refreshing  wine. 

Though  small  thy  oil,  thy  wheaten  measure  scant, 
Thy  King's  own  promise  is,  Thou  shalt  not  want. 
This  was  his  language,  when  the  bond  went  free, 
And  thy  slaves  rose  to  men,  to  liberty. 

Glorious  that  day  to  thee,  when  comes  the  cry, 
Thy  Father's  chariot  waits  !  Home  to  the  sky  ! 
Then,  may  the  Church  wear  sackcloth  ;  then,  the  bride, 
In  secret  chambers,  seek  her  grief  to  hide. 

Then,  may  the  priests  before  the  altar  fall; 
Young  men  and  maidens  tell  the  mournful  tale; 
Then,  may  the  plaintive  cry  from  all  proceed, — 
Israel  doth  mourn  a  prophetess  indeed. 

Bui  nil  !  to  thee  how  glorious!  Stripped  of  all 

Earth's  woes  and  weaknesses,  heir-looms  of  the  fall, 

The  buoyant  spirit,  like  a  bird  let  By, 

shall  join  the  church  triumphant,  in  the  sky. 

Father  of  mercies,  from  this  harvest  home, 

Mav  seed  be  scattered  and  fresh  verdure  come! 


OUR  DAILY  BREAD. 

Close  beside  us  stands  the  tempter, 

And  his  voice  comes  low  and  sweet: 
"All  these  treasures  will  I  give  thee, 

Only  worship  at  my  feet." 
And  our  hearts  so  weak  and  wayward, 

Long  to  prove  what  he  has  said  ; 
Father,  in  our  hour  of  danger, 

Give  us  then  our  daily  bread. 

In  the  day  when  ruthless  sorrow 

Kills  all  joy  within  the  heart; 
When  bright  hopes  that  we  have  cherished 

Slowly  from  our  life  depart; 
When  the  storm-cloud  o'er  us  lowers, 

And  our  hearts  sink  low  through  dread  ; 
Father,  in  this  time  of  trouble, 

Give  us  now  our  daily  bread. 

When  the  sunshine  biightens  round  us, 

All  our  friends  seem  warm  and  true, 
And  the  future  with  caresses 

Woos  ns  as  we  still  pursue  ; 
Father,  let  our  joys  and  gladness 

Still  from  heavenly  founts  be  fed; 
In  the  hour  of  joy's  sweet  trial 

Give  our  souls  their  daily  bread. 

At  all  times  and  in  all  places, 

Under  bright  or  clouded  skies, 
Framed  in  words  of  Christ's  own  choosing 

Does  this  same  petition  rise. 
May  both  we  and  all  thy  children 

Ever  by  thy  hand  be  led  ; 
Father,  in  thy  love  and  pity 

Give  us  all  our  daily  bread. 

— Frances  E.  Gordon. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

J.  Eendel  Harris,  Professor  of  New  Testa- 
ment Greek  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University 
writes  concerning  "  Christian  Ministry"  as 
follows,  viz  : 

"The  impulse  of  true  ministry  is  the  Divine 
Will.  It  is  impossible  to  take  the  Lord  Jesus 
its  our  pattern  of  service  without  observing 
his  fidelity  to  the  motions  of  the  Spirit.  No 
deed  was  done  but  as  the  Son  saw  the  Father 
doing,  and  no  word  spoken  except  as  it  was 
given  from  above.  It  is  when  we  lose  sight 
of  this  heavenly  impulse  of  the  true  minister 
that  we  fall  into  human  arrangements  as  to 
our  service,  and  even  sometimes  into  bargains 
as  to  hire  for  our  prophesying.  We  are  so 
sure  that  we  shall  prophesy  and  that  the  Lord 
allows  us  to  choose  our  reward  therein  ! 

It  is,  however,  certain  that  you  could  never 
have  bargained  with  the  Lord  Jesus  for  a 
sermon  beforehand,  and  you  would  never 
have  dared  to  pay  him  after-hand.  It  may 
seem  almost  unnecessary  to  put  the  matter 
in  this  light;  but  as  some  have  even  gone  so 
far  as  to  argue  for  paid  preaching  from  the 
fact  that  the  Twelve  and  their  Master  bad  a 
bag  and  a  common  stock,  it  is  well  to  remem- 
ber that  the  privilege  of  carrying  tho  bag 
seems  to  have  belonged  to  a  person  with  titles 
far  from  honorable  !  But  in  any  case  we  are 
right  in  taking  the  Lord  Jesus  and  his  dis- 
ciples as  our  pattern  in  regard  to  the  pay- 
ment of  the  ministry,  and  when  we  interpret 
the  words,  'The  laborer  is  worthy  of  his 
hire,'  we  must  do  so  with  special  reference  to 
the  first  laborers.  As  far  as  I  know,  the  only 
direct  payments  that  the  Lord  received  were 
an  occasional  invitation  to  a  meal  when  Ho 
bad  done  speaking,  perhaps  a  cup  of  water 
from  a  solitary  listener  at  .Jacob's  Well,  the 
hospitalities  of  Bethany,  and  sonic  help  from 
the  women  of  Galilee.  I  am  sure  that  those 
who  follow  Him  will  bo  prcsorved  both  from 
the  shame  of  dependence  and  from  the  pride 
of  independence. 

.My  impres:  ion  is,  that  if  the  saints  of  tbe 


THE    FRIEND. 


133 


irst  century  could  come  to  life  again,  there 
vould  be  two  things  that  would  startle  them 
*  *  the  first  would  be  the  dearth  of 
he  Hoh'  Spirit  in  Christian  assemblies,  the 
ccond  the  merchandise  that  is  made  of  things 
ivine. 

This  zeal  for  hiring  our  brother  out  to  be 
aspired  for  us,  reminds  me  of  a  trick  which 
ras  practised  in  some  heathen  temples  in 
imes  not  very  remote  from  our  Lord.  The 
unning  priests  had  a  curious  sacrificial  vessel 
r  fountain,  which  normally  was  inactive,  but 
owed  freely  when  the  worshipper  introduced 
loney." 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

We  may  worship  God  in  Spirit  and  in  truth, 
nd  we  may  walk  in  the  light,  and  believe  in 
ie  perceptible  guidance  of  his  holy  spirit  in 
be  heart;  without  undervaluing  the  benefit 
f  the  outward  ottering  once  made  for  all,  bj' 
ie  sacrifice  and  suffering  of  Jesus  Christ 
'ithout  the  gates  of  Jerusalem.  We  maj- 
reach  Christ  within  and  not  without.  And 
e  may  preach  Christ  without  and  not  with- 
).  But  there  is  danger  now,  while  we  are 
)  much  prone  to  outwardness,  of  relying  too 
sclusively  on  what  He  has  done  outwardly 
>r  us,  and  so  content  ourselves  with  only  a 
teral  faith,  without  experimentally  knowing 
>r  ourselves  the  effectual  working  of  his  di- 
ine  grace  upon  the  heart,  sanctifying  it.  and 
adeeming  it  from  all  iniquity.  Hence  wo 
i&y,  almost  imperceptibly,  substitute  a  like- 
ess,  or  an  imitation  of  holiness,  consisting  in 
feless  forms  and  ceremonies  that  belong  only 
)  the  outward  law.  How  lamentably  we 
ick,  even  now,  in  this  boasted  day  of  religious 
Bightenment,  a  pure  and  undefiled  religion, 
nd  a  pure  and  undefiled  spiritual  ministry  ! 
oth  of  which  proceed  from  God  alone,  and 
>ud  to  lead  to  Him  ;  while  the  religion  and 
linistry  that  originate  in  the  wisdom  and 
laming  of  man,  only  operate  on  the  emotion- 
I  or  animal  part  in  man  ;  doing  only  a  super- 
cial  work,  like  the  baptism  of  John.  They 
ever  reach  deep  enough  to  cleanse  the  foun- 
lin  of  sin  and  corruption  at  the  heart.  Hence 
lis  is  a  religion  that  Satan  has  no  contro- 
ersy  with;  because  it  suits  him  very  well, 
i  it  tends  to  soothe  the  conscience,  and  to 
sttle  its  advocates  down  in  a  delusive  hope 
lat  they  are  in  the  service  of  the  meek  and 
iwly  Redeemer,  and  working  for  Him.  So 
e  willingly  helps  them  in  preparing  and  de- 
vering  their  sermons,  and  in  canying  out 
leir  active  devotions.  It  makes  no  difference 
>  him  how  nearly  they  imitate  the  true  wor- 
lip  and  ministry,  so  it  does  not  diminish  his 
ingdom.  For  the  vital  and  spiritual  part — 
ie  regenerating  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit — 
not  in  it. 

The  minds  of  those  who  deny  Christ  to  be 
ie  true  light  that  shines  in  all,  to  give  them 
ie  knowledge  of  the  glory  of  God,  may  be- 
>me  so  darkened  as  tolead  them  to  mistake 
ie  false  radiance  of  the  evil  one  for  the  light 
f  Christ ;  and  so  far  reverse  the  truth  as  to 
ike  evil  for  good,  and  good  for  evil ;  to  put 
arkness  for  light,  and  light  for  darkness. 
ut  there  was^a  woe  pronounced  upon  them, 
nd  also  upon  "them  that  are  wise  in  their 
wn  eyes,  and  prudent  in  their  own  sight." 
[s.  v.,  20,  21.)  Hence  they  become  an  easy 
rey  to  the  enemy ;  and  are  made  willing  in- 
.ruments  in  his  hands  to  draw  away  disciples 
Pter  them.     But  we  are  told  that  "evil  men 


and  seducers  shall  wax  worse  and  worse,  de- 
ceiving and  being  deceived."  "And  many 
shall  follow  their  pernicious  ways;  by  reason 
of  whom  the  way  of  truth  shall  be  evi'l  spoken 
of."  And  our  Saviour  says,  "Many  will  say 
to  me  in  that  day:  Lord*  Lord,  have  we  not 
prophesied  in  thy  name?  and  in  thy  name 
have  cast  out  devils'?  and  in  thy  name  done 
many  wonderful  works?"  But  He  neve 
knew  them  in  it  all;  and  sentenced  them  to 
depart  from  Him  as  workers  of  iniquity.  So 
we  see  the  sad  consequences  of  being  deceived 
ourselves,  and  of  deceiving  others.  If  we  fol- 
low a  false  guide,  we  shall  be  led  more  and 
more  into  falsehood  and  darkness,  But  if  we 
follow  the  true  guide,  the  Spirit  of  truth,  we 
shall,  by  its  progressive  guidance,  be  led  into 
all  truth,  and  into  the  more  full  effulgence  of 
that  light  which  shines  more  and  more  unto 
the  perfect  day.  If  we  are  not  enough  spirit- 
ually-minded to  distinguish  between  Christ 
and  anti-Christ,  we  may  be  sure  that  anti- 
Christ  will  lead  us,  and  his  light  and  his  spirit 
become  our  guide.  The  disciples,  while  Christ 
was  yet  outwardly  with  them,  had  not  come 
to  the  perfect  clay.  He  told  them  when  He 
was  about  to  leave,  that  "I  have  yet  many 
things  to  say  to  you,  but  ye  cannot  bear 
them  now.  Howbeit.  when  He,  the  Spirit  of 
truth  is  come,  He  will  guide  you  into  all 
truth."  Has  not  the  manifestation  of  the 
Spirit  been  given  to  every  man?  And  if  we 
do  not  profit  by  it,  whose  fault  is  it?  Is  it 
not  because  we  are  too  often  led  by  our  own 
self-wills,  and  not  by  the  will  of  Him  who 
would  lead  us  into  all  the  truths  of  the  gos- 
pel, and  out  of  darkness  into  his  marvellous 
light.  The  light  that  gave  the  holy  men  of 
old  an  understanding  so  as  to  enable  them  to 
write  the  Holy  Scriptures,  is  hardly  deemed 
needful  now  to  enable  unholy  men  to  under- 
stand them.  Hence  holy  men's  words  are 
expounded  by  unholy  men;  and  by  that  wis- 
dom that  knows  not  God,  nor  the  deep  things 
of  God.  And  a  very  different  interpretation 
is  put  upon  many  fundamental  passages  from 
what  our  more  enlightened  predecessors  gave 
them.'  We  must  have  something  of  the  Spirit 
of  Christ  to  enable  us  to  understand  the  deep 
things  of  God  as  contained  in  the  Scriptures. 
For  God  is  a  Spirit,  and  can  only  be  known 
spiritually.  Those  who  have  not  the  heav- 
enly light,  cannot  with  all  their  worldly  wis- 
dom, see  into  the  mysterious  things  of  the 
heavenly  kingdom,  because  they  are  only 
spiritually  discerned.  And  this  spiritual  dis- 
cernment is  given  to  the  remnant  whose  faith 
stands  in  the  wisdom,  the  life,  light  and  power 
of  God,  and  not  in  the  wisdom  or  eloquence  of 
unregenerate  men.  But  while  the  faith  of  so 
many  is  thus  lamentably  outward,  we  need 
not  marvel  that  we  have  such  a  large  number 
that  seem  to  be  nothing  better  than  blind 
leaders  of  the  blind.  "My  brethren,  these 
things  ought  not  so  to  be."  But  we  see  that 
many  of  the  people  love  to  have  it  so.  But 
though  the  number  of  the  professing  Israel 
be  as  the  sand  of  the  sea,  yet  a  remnant  only 
shall  be  saved.  And  this  remnant  "are  they 
which  came  out  of  great  tribulation,  and  have 
washed  their  robes  and  made  them  white  in 
the  blood  of  the  Lamb.  Therefore  are  they 
before  the  throne  of  God,"  &c.  Though 
those  tribulated  ones  are  spoken  of  in  the 
Revelations  as  a  "great  multitude,"  yet  they 
may  be  considered  as  only  a  remnant  in  com- 
parison to  the  countless  millions  who  have 
gone  in  the  broad  way  to  destruction,  and 


who  are  like  Gog  and  Magog,  "the  number 
of  whom  is  as  the  sand  of  the  sea." 

And  while  there  are  but  i'cw  who  find  the 
strait  gate,  and  enter  into  the  heavenly  light 
through  it,  because  the  broad  way  is  so  much 
easier  to  the  natural  man,  yet  they  are  the 
favored  remnant  who  have  walked  in  the 
light  while  in  this  world  of  tribulation,  and 
have  had  fellowship  one  with  another.  And 
now,  thou  oft-desponding  one,  be  of  good 
cheer,  for  if  thou  still  continue  to  follow  the 
light,  the  time  is  at  hand,  when  the  sun,  or 
outward  lights,  will  be  no  more  thy  light  by 
day;  neither  for  brightness  shall'the  moon 
give  light  unto  thee  in  times  of  darkness; 
but  the  Lord  shall  be  unto  thee  an  everlasting 
light,  and  thy  God  thy  glory  ;  and  the  days 
of  thy  mourning  shall  be  ended.  I>.  II.*' 

Dublin,  Intl.,  11th  mo.  10th,  1SS3. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Protecting  Iron  from  Rust. — In  tearing  down 
old  masonry  iron  bands  and  clamps  imbedded 
in  the  mortar  are  often  found  free  from  rust 
— the  lime  alkali  protecting  the  iron  from  the 
action  of  acids.  Similarly,  it  has  been  noticed 
that  iron  does  not  rust  in  water  containing  a 
small  portion  of  free  alkali.  This  has  sug- 
gested the  use  of  a  paint  to  protect  iron,  in 
which  a  small  proportion  of  burnt  magnesia 
or  baryta  is  mixed. 

Cremation. — This  method  of  disposing  the 
bodies  of  the  dead  is  said  to  be  more  and 
more  popular  at  Rome,  where  it  is  in  almost 
daily  use. 

Pic/des  Colored  with  Copper.— The  Daily 
JVeics  (London)  says  that  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals in  Brussels  reversed  the  judgment  of  an 
inferior  court  inflicting  a  tine  on  certain  manu- 
facturers of  pickles  for  having  them  colored 
with  copper  verdigris,  as  injurious  to  the 
health  of  the  consumer.  On  the  trial  an  ex- 
professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  "University  of 
Brussels  deposed  that  the  salts  of  copper  were 
unquestionably  poisonous.  A  professor  of 
Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Ghent  de- 
clared that  such  salts  are  "  incapable  of  doing 
any  harm." 

The  case  reminds  one  of  the  remark  made 
bjT  John  Bright  of  England,  that  expert  testi- 
mony could  be  bad  on  anj-  side  of  a  question. 
It  would  be  prudent  for  all  to  abstain  from 
pickles  containing  salt  of  copper, — in  accord- 
ance with  the  long  received  opinion  of  the 
deadly  nature  of  such  compounds. 

The  Bottom  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee. — A  sub- 
marine diver,  who  recently  explored  the 
bottom  of  this  lake,  while  searching  for  the 
body  of  a  drowned  man,  reports  part  of  it  to 
be  a  vast  plain  covered  with  eel  grass  and 
swarming  with  eels.  Fish  of  different  kinds 
were  very  numerous  and  swarmed  around 
him,  nibbling  at  his  armor  and  carefully  ex- 
amining him.  While  walking  on  the  bottom 
near  a  large  spring,  he  came  upon  a  quick- 
sand into  which  he  commenced  sinking,  but 
was  drawn  up  bj  the  men  above  to  whom  he 
promptly  signalled. 

Stone  Wax,  called  also  Camavba  Wax,  is 
very  hard,  and  its  melting  point,  unusually 
high  (185°  Fah.).  The  color  varies  from 
"  ght  yellow  to  deep  gray  green,  and  it  can 
be  bleached  to  a  pure  white.  It  is  found  ad- 
hering as  a  thin  film,  like  varnish,  to  the 
eaves,  stalks  and  berries  of  a  Brazilian  Palm. 
From  these  the  wax  is  boiled  off,  and  skimmed 
nto  moulds.     When  congealed,  its  likeness  to 


134 


THE    FRIEND. 


stone  is  so  great,  that  if  it  were  not  for  its 
lightness  of  weight,  it  might  readily  be  sup- 
posed to  be  a  mineral. 

Potato  Rot. — This  disease  is  caused  by  a 
very  minute  fungus,  somewhat  allied  to  the 
mildew  which  infests  the  grape.  The  potato- 
fungus  consists  of  long  filaments  or  threads, 
which  grow  through  the  substance  of  the  po- 
tato plant,  and  cause  its  rapid  decay.  It 
usually  makes  its  appearance  first  on  the  un- 
der side  of  the  leaves,  and  quickly  spreads. 
When  it  is  visible  there,  the  potatoes  should 
be  dug  at  once,  and  all  affected  with  the  dis- 
ease, as  well  as  the  tops,  should  be  burnt,  so 
as  to  destroy  the  spores,  and  prevent  them 
from  propagating  the  next  year. 

Ozokerite  or  earth  wax. — This  is  a  solid  form 
of  petroleum,  found  in  many  places,  but  com- 
mercially mined  only  in  Austrian- Poland, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Carpathian  Mountains. 
About  the  year  1862,  a  shaft  was  sunk  at  that 
place  for  petroleum.  After  descending  about 
ISO  feet,  the  miners  found  all  the  cracks  in 
the  clay  or  rocks  filled  with  a  brown  sub- 
stance resembling  bees-wax.  At  first  the 
layers  were  not  thicker  than  writing  paper  ; 
but  they  grew  thicker  gradually  below,  until 
at  a  depth  of  300  feet  they  attained  a  thick- 
ness of  3  or  4  inches;  on  examination  it  was 
found  that  a  yellow  wax  could  be  made  of  this 
substance;  the  discovery  caused  an  excite- 
ment like  the  oil  fever  of  1865  in  America. 

The  land  was  leased  in  small  pieces  of  32 
feet  square,  in  which  shafts  were  sunk,  and 
the  rock  hoisted  by  an  ordinary  windlass  and 
bucket.  For  several  hundred  feet  the  ozoke- 
rite is  found  embedded  in  a  still'  blue  clay  ; 
below  it  is  interlaid  with  rock.  As  the  earth, 
rock  and  wax  is  brought  to  the  surface  it  is 
dumped  in  a  shed,  and  the  wax  detached  by 
children,  with  knives.  It  is  then  taken  to  a 
rude  furnace,  melted  in  iron  pots,  and  the 
ozokerite  skimmed  off,  free  from  other  solids, 
with  ladles,  and  poured  into  conical  moulds 
to  cool.  It  is  sold  in  this  state  at  about  6  cts. 
a  pound. 

A  deposit  of  white  ozokerite  occurs  on  the 
top  of  the  Appenine  Mountains  in  Italj-.  An 
interesting  story  is  told  of  its  discovery.  A 
quantity  of  wax  candles  were  stolen  from  a 
place  for  worship  at  Modena.  A  short  time 
afterwards  a  woman  brought  to  a  druggist 
some  wax,  and  offered  it  for  sale  ;  the  drug 
gist  bought,  it  and  afterward  suspected  itcon 
sisted  of  the  wax  candles  melted  clown.  Soon 
after  she  brought  another  lot.  He  had  her 
arrested.  When  questioned  by  the  magis- 
trate, she  said  she  found  the  wax  in  the  clay, 
on  her  farm  about  211  miles  from  the  city. 
This  story  confirmed  him  in  the  belief  that 
she  bad  stolen  the  candles,  or  was  the  receiver 
of  the  stolen  goods;  for  such  a  thing  as  a 
deposit  of  wax  in  the  soil  was  unheard  of. 
She  was  therefore  remanded  to  jail.  On  three. 
several  days  she  was  brought  before  the  Court, 
and  when  questioned  told  the  same  story. 
She  requested  her  priest  to  be  sent  for.  He 
came,  and  after  an  interview  with  her,  said  it 
was  easy  to  ascertain  the  truth  of  her  story 
by  sending  her  home  with  an  officer  to  inves 
tigate.  On  coming  to  her  house  she  look  a 
pick  and  shovel,  and  going  to  the  place  at  the 
top  of  the  hill,  she  dug  out  of  the  clay  a  quan- 
tity of  white  ozokerite,  proved   her  case,   and 

was  at  once  set  at  liberty.  Wm,  L.  Say.  from 
whose  paper,  read  before  the  X.  York  Acade- 
my   Of   Sciences,     the    above    1'aels    are    taken, 

says,   "She  performed  the  same  service  for 


me,  and  I  saw  her  dig  a  specimen,  and  heard 
her  tell  the  story  as  I  have  told  it  to  you. 
The  hill  was  composed  of  loose  clay  and 
stones.  It  appeared  as  if  it  had  been  forced 
up  by  gas  or  some  power  from  below  the  sur- 
face." 

How  Cable  Messages  are  Received. — A  visitor 
to  Heart's  Content  describes  as  follows  the 
method  of  receiving  messages  at  that  point: 
The  recorder  is  a  horse-shoe  magnet,  electri- 
fied by  the  usual  circles  of  fine  wire,  and  at- 
tracting a  small  metallic  coil.  The  coil  is 
hung  between  the  magnetic  poles,  and  by  a 
ght  lever  and  a  thread  almost  as  fine  as  the 
strand  of  a  cobweb,  is  connected  with  a  deli- 
cate siphon  hung  in  a  little  reservoir  of  ink. 
The  ink  is  electrified,  so  as  to  produce  a  re- 
pulsion of  the  particles,  making  it  flow  more 


— Difficulties  in  the  way  of  peace  movements  -,1 
Europe. — "  Here  [in  England]  there  are  so  marl 
powerful  vested  interests  concerned  in  upholdit  j 
the  military  system,  that  every  movement  whicjj 
looks  towards  peace  or  disarmament,  is  regardfll 
with  jealous  and  hostile  eyes  by  them,  as  being  like:  J 
to  endanger  the  personal  profits  and  multifarioil 
advantages  of  money,  rank,  power,  and  honor,  whic  jj 
the  armies  and  navies  of  Europe  offer  to  sn  many  ill 
their  aristocracies  and  dependents." — The  Herald^ 
Peace  (London.) 

— Ku-klvx  Trials  in  Georgia. — At  a  recent  trial  i 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  eight  of  the  prisoners  indicted  fi 
Ku-klux  outrages  were  found  guilty.  In  his  charg 
the  judge  said  that  such  acts  show  "want  of  sens 
want  of  propriety,  want  of  principle,  want  of  In 
inanity,  and  all  sense  of  justice  ;"  and  "  that  nothir 
has  tended  so  much  to  bring  this  Southern  count] 
into  disgrace,  nothing  has  tended  so  much  to  put  tl 
balance  of  the  United  States  against  us  as  this  kir 
.eadily  through  the  siphon,  which  outside  is  of  outrages." 
about  the  size  of  a  darning-needle,  and  the  It  is  pleasant  and  encouraging  to  see,  as  i 
interior  tube  scarcely  larger  than  a  hair.  The,  this  case,  that  the  good  sense  and  feelings  < 
lower  end  of  the  siphon  rests  against  a  paper  humanity  in  our  Southern  brethren  are  asser 
tape  playing  perpendicularly  through  rollers,  ing  themselves  in  honest  efforts  to  cheek  th 
The  whole  machine  is  almost  of  gossamer  cruel  and  illegal  efforts  of  ignorant  or  unprii 
fineness  and  flexibility,  so  as  to  minimize  the  eipled  men  to  deprive  the  colored  portion  i 
electric  strain  necessary  for  working  the  ca-  their  population  of  their  political  rights, 
ble.     Let  us  imagine  now  that  a  coming  mes- 

sage  has  been  signalled  from  far  across  the  I  ^^X^^:'^^ 
ocean  at  Valentia.  lhe  operator  at  first .j  in  e^  country;  as  far  as  Iceland  on  the  norf 
opens  the  simple  machinery  that  works  the  and  New  Zealand  on  the  south.  We  almost  encirS 
brass  rollers.  On  the  centre  of  the  tape,  as  J  the  globe."  Recently  twenty-five  missionaries  we 
it  passes  between  the  rollers,  the  siphon  at  sent  into  the  Southern  States,  where  they  are  r 
first  marks  only  a  straight  line.  Suddenly 'ported  as  making  many  converts.  They  remind  oi 
the  line  swerves  to  the  right  or  loft.  The  °f  the  Pharisees  of  old,  who  compassed  sea  and  lu| 
message  has  started,  and  the  end  of  the  siphon  to  make  P^elytes. 

has  begun  its  record.  Worked  by  two  keys  I  Whatever  temporary  success  may  atter 
and  positively  or  negatively  electrified,  the  this  system  of  priestcraft  and  delusion  v 
coil  swings  the  siphon  point  now  to  one  side,!  believe  it  will  in  time  be  swept  away.  Tl 
now  to  the  other,  along  the  tape.  Eespon-  Divine  blessing,  which  alone  gives  perm 
sive  to  the  trained  hand  of  the  operator,  the  "ent  prosperity,  will  not  rest  upon  it.  Ma| 
filament  of  ink  marks  out  one  notch,  two!  we  not  trust  that  in  his  own  time,  the  Loi 
notches,  three  notches  ;  then  suddenly,  it  may  "  will  blow  upon  it  and  it  shall  wither?" 
be,  a  high  elevation  or  depression,  until  the  —Evading  the  Conscription.— The  police  authoj 
delicate  line  traced  on  the  tape  looks  like  the  ties  of  St.  Petersburg  (writes  an  Odessa  correspo 
tiny  outline  of  a  mountain  range.  But  it  is  dent)  have  for  some  time  past  been  not  a .little  exe 
a  range  whose  every  hilltop,  peak,  and  valley  <'ised  in  tracing  the  cause  of  the  extraordinary; mi 
means  an  alphabetical  symbol  to  the  tele- j^Vw'n n-nrX""^' that  the  tCvSi 
graphcr's  eye.  The  recorder  is  the  invention  v.,1-{]li,]  "  new'an'ivals  and  that  on  the  expiration 
of  the  famous  electrician,  Sir  William  Thom-  their  various  short  terms  of  imprisonment  they  it 
son.  How  delicate  an  interpreter  it  is  may  mediately  disappear.  A  few  days  ago  a  young  F| 
be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  ten  jars  work  was  charged  before  one  of  the  city  courts  with  stq 
1,800  miles  of  cable  between  Valentia  audi  ing  a  pair  of  window  curtains,  which  he  had  to 
Heart's  Content,  while  twenty-five  jars  of  the;  fl]".1"  •'"  "I""  I'1""1'""  ",!!"'")'' ,1,;l"k"'~i""  "."7,'f  t] 
same  electric  power  would  be  needed  to  work  j  jV'j'''  '  "',''' '^  ^ 1 1\ -i7i i >t  to'  csc'me  wi's'n'ride'bv't 
350  miles  of  land  wire;  or,  in  other  words,!  ''.^  „',',".'  \vho\>fVoiirse'Vns  'immediately  arrestc 
the  recorder  is  more  than  twelve  times  as'  Questioned  before  the  judge,  the  replies  of'thisyoii 
efficient  for  its  purpose  as  the  ordinary  Morse  were  as  ingenuous  as  the  method  which  he  and  1 
instrument.  The  recorder  traces  its  charac-  compatriots  pursued  was  ingenious.  From  the  i 
ters  on  the  tape  about  as  fast  as  a  slow  pen- (formation  elicited  from  the  prisoner  it  would  appfl 
mat:  copies  a  Liter.  E301U30  its  J-Jicr.:  v  :  f  ,1',t.,1H'  '::  t:';£."1  '.'Ti  ,'•  t'|..t,:  '} '\y  Yl'"  f\y  ~~. 
work,  the  recorder,  as  its  name  imports,  has/'V'1'1  'iiV|,,'-iii  n'i^-irv*  Miiiliori'tic-'^i.r  Ki  nVa'inl'rt'ic'A  ai 
the  merit  of  leaving  the  record  of  the  message,  i'.'11''    ■   .  '   .     i..'ls"i,' (.i,  <•' .m'ictcd  of  luvenv      Tl 


Items. 


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quickl; 

THE    FRIEND. 


135 


— Appeal  of  the  Maories. — The  Parliament  of  New  come  to  experience  in  due  season  a  measure 
ealand  contains  4  representatives  of  the  native  of  true  peace  and  a  sense  of  acceptance  and 


ibes,  and  87  representatives  of  the  European  popu- 
,tion.  The  Maories  say  that  on  questions  aiiecting 
icir  rights  to  the  land  under  their  control,  they  are 
instantly  outvoted  by  the  other  members  of  Par- 
ament,  and  that  the  Colonial  Government,  which 

a  party  to  suits  respecting  land,  is  virtually  judge 
Iso.  They  have  appealed  to  the  British  Govern- 
ient,  that  the  powers  now  exercised  by  the  New 
ealand  Land  Courts  should  be  entrusted  to  an  elec- 
ve  body  of  Maories.  We  suppose  their  case  is 
pnewhat  like  that  of  our  own  Indian  tribes,  scarce- 
7  able  to  resist  the  pressure,  often  unfair  and  dis- 
onorable,  brought  to  bear  by  those  who  covet  their 
ossessions. 

—  Temperance  Object-lemon. — That  was  an  impres- 
ve  object-lesson  which  was  seen  in  a  procession 
uring  the  recent  political  campaign  in  Iowa.  A 
;hooI-housc  on  wheels  was  marched  through  the 
;reets  drawn  by  four  horses,  and  in  the  house  a 
Biool-teacher  was  teaching  the  children.  This  was 
dlowed  by  a  drinking-saloon,  also  on  wheels,  and 
itbin  was  the  representation  of  a  bar,  drunken 
ien,  and  a  rum-seller  tempting  boys  to  drink, 
'hese  were  accompanied  by  a  banner,  on  which 
ras  inscribed,  "'  Look  on  this  picture,  and  then  on 
Bat." 


THE    FRIEND. 


TWELFTH  MONTH 


The  Apostle  Paul,  in  his  epistle  to  the  Ro 
lans,  declares  that  "  the  wrath  of  (Jod  is  re 
ealed  from  Heaven  against  all  ungodliness 
nd  unrighteousness  of  men;"  and  he  adds, 
Because  that  which  may  be  known  of  God 
3  manifest  in  them;  for  God  bath  showed  it 
into  them."  "So  that  they  are  without  ex- 
usc  who  do  evil." 

Paul  goes  on  to  declare  that  God  will  render 
o  every  man  according  to  his  deeds — eternal 
ife  to  them  who,  by  patient  continuance  in 
pell  doing,  seek  for  glory  and  honor  and  im 
nortaiity — but  tribulation  and  anguish  to 
ivery  one  that  doeth  evil,  and  doth  not  obey 
he  truth,  but  obeys  unrighteousness. — Ro- 
nans  ii.  6. 

It  is  very  needful  we  should  keep  in  re- 
nembranco  this  fundamental  truth  in  re- 
igion,  which  is  enforced  in  various  parts  of 
he  Scriptures.  For  though  our  salvation  is 
lot  due  to  our  works,  in  the  sense  of  being 
>urchased  by  any  merit  of  ours,  but  is  alto- 
gether to  be  ascribed  to  the  fulness  of  the  Di- 
?ine  mercy  and  goodness,  yet  we  can  have  no 
lope  of  being  accepted  of  the  Lord  while  we 
iontinue  in  a  state  of  rebellion  against  Him, 
,urning  away  from  the  revealings  and  plead- 
ngs  of  the  Light  of  Christ  in  our  hearts,  and 
•efusing  to  submit  to  his  holy  government. 

There  is  no  contradiction  between  this 
,ruth,  and  that  which  the  apostle  so  empbati- 
:ally  sets  forth  in  a  later  part  of  the  same 
spistle — that  our  salvation  is  not  of  works, 
)ut  of  grace — that  it  is  the  free  gift  of  God 
'through  the  redemption  that  is  in  Christ 
resus:  whom  God  hath  set  forth  to  be  a  pro- 
pitiation through  faith  in  his  blood,  to  declare 
lis  righteousness  for  the  remission  of  sins 
;hat  are  past,  through  the  forbearance  of 
god." 

When  the  Light  of  Christ  reproves  man  for 
sin,  shows  him  that  he  is  living  out  of  the  fear 
if  the  Lord,  and  inclines  him  to  forsake  his 
svil  ways,  if  he  will  yield  himself  to  those 
iivine  impressions,  it  will  give  him  power  to 
repent  of  his  sins;  and  as  he  continues  with 
holy  reverence  to  follow  its  guidance,  he  will 


favor  with  the  Lord  ;  and  ability  will  be  given 
him  to  deny  himself  those  sins  to  which  he  is 
naturally  inclined,  and  to  bring  his  deeds  to 
the  Light,  that  he  may  know  whether  they 
are  wrought  in  God  or  not.  Of  those  who 
thus  walk  in  the  Light,  the  Apostle  John  tes- 
tifies, that  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleanseth 
them  from  all  sin.     (1  John,  i.  7.) 

Without  faith  no  man  can  attain  this  bless- 
ed experience.  "He  that  cometh  to  God 
must  believe  that  He  is,  and  that  He  is  a  re- 
warder  of  them  that  diligently  seek  Him." 
If  we  do  not  believe  in  the  authority  and  di- 
vine character  of  those  revelations  which  the 
Light  of  Christ  unfolds  to  us,  we  will  not 
walk  in  obedience  thereto,  and  will  not 
ceive  the  good  they  are  designed  to  bring  us 
to.  But  in  the  mercy  of  God  these  impres 
sions  are  accompanied  with  a  sense  of  tbeii 
authority — a  feeling  that  we  ought  to  obey 
them.  This  faith  or  confidence  in  them,  "is 
the  gift  of  God,"  and  as  we  accept  it,  and  act 
in  accordance  therewith,  it  becomes  stronger 
and  stronger,  and  our  path  becomes  as  a  shin 
ing  light,  shining  more  and  more  unto  the 
perfect  day.  But  where  the  love  of  self-in- 
dulgence, and  of  their  own  will  and  way,  in- 
duces any  to  reject  the  pleadings  of  the  Light, 
and  to  turn  from  it,  darkness  comes  over  the 
mind,  and  they  may  be  led  to  deny  the  au 
tbority  of  that  which  had  reproved  them 
The  condition  of  such  is  portrayed  in  the 
words  of  our  Saviour:  "  This  is  the  condemn 
tion  that  lightiscome  into  the  world,  and  men 
loved  darkness  rather  than  light,  because  thei 
deeds  were  evil.  For  every  one  that  doeth 
evil  hateth  the  light,  neither  cometh  to  the 
light,  lest  his  deeds  should  be  reproved." 

"God  so  loved  the  world,  that  He  gave  his 
only  begotten  Son,  that  whosoever  believeth 
in  Him,  should  not  perish,  but  have  everlast 
ing  life."  This  blessed  Saviour  not  only  ap 
peared  in  an  outward  form  of  flesh  and  blood 
but  He  manifests  Himself  in  the  hearts  of  all 
who  are  truly  his  disciples  ;  and  we  must  be 
lieve  in  Him,  not  only  in  his  outward  appear 
ance,  but  also  in  his  inward  appearance ;  and 
show  our  faith  by  our  submission  to  his  wor' 
there,  so  that  we  may  be  washed,  sanctified 
and  justified.  For  although  we  may  have 
known  a  sense  of  forgiveness  for  past  sins, 
yet  the  promise  of  eternal  life  remains  to  be 
to  those  who  through  his  holy  help  manifest 
"a  patient  continuance  in  well-doing."  Be 
thou  faithful  unto  death,  and  I  will  give  thee 
a  crown  of  life." 


We  have  received  "  The  Protestant  Episco- 
pacy of  the  Revolutionary  Patriots,  lost  and 
restored" — an  octavo  pamphlet  of  102  pp. 

Though  principally  designed  for  the  infor- 
mation of  members  among  the  Episcopalians, 
it  contains  some  facts  of  interest  to  the  stu- 
dent of  general  history;  showing  how  the 
ritual  adopted  in  the  United  States  in  1785, 
was  subsequently  essentially  altered,  so  as  to 
give  continuance  to  the  fallacious  notion  of 
baptismal  regeneration,  and  that  the  ministers 
of  the  Church  of  England  could  exercise 
■priestly  functions.  It  points  out  bow  the 
changes  made  in  1789,  afterwards,  placed  the 
controlling  power  of  the  body  in  the  hands  of 
the  clergy,  and  especially  of  the  bishops.  And 
it  endeavors  to  prove  that  the  changes  made 
in  the  interests  of  reform,  by  the   Reformed 


Episcopalians,  in   1874,  are  really  a  return  to 
the  purer  principles  of  earlier  days. 

We  are  informed  that  some  copies  of  "The 
Conscript  Quakers,"  extracts  from  which  are 
contained  in  the  present  and  preceding  num- 
bers of  "The  Friend,"  have  been  sent  to  the 
Book  Store,  No.  304  Arch  street,  Philadelphia, 
where  they  may  be  procured  without  charge 
by  those  who  desire  to  possess  copies  of  this 
pamphlet.  The  Friend,  who  was  chiefly  in- 
strumental in  having  it  published,  states,  as 
a  reason  for  distributing  it  gratuitously  rather 
than  by  sale,  that  the  "sole  object  is  to  do  as 
much  good  with  it  as  possible." 

Henry  Horn  is  appointed  Agent  for  "The 
Friend."  Address,  Arba,  Randolph  County, 
Indiana. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — On  die  26 th  of  llih  month,  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  rendered  a  decision 
in  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  cise.  It  wa-  the  suit  of  A.  B. 
Miller  against  the  Mayor,  &c,  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
to  restrain  the  building  of  a  suspension  bridge  between 
New  York  City  and  Brooklyn  and  to  have  it  declared 
a  nuisance  on  the  ground  that  it  affected  and  injurious- 
ly modified  navigation  of  the  East  River.  The  Court 
held  that  "as  the  bridge  was  duly  authorized  both  by 
Congress  and  by  the  State,  and  inasmuch  as  Congress 
through  the  Secretary  of  War  declared  after  full  and 
careful  examination  that  the  proposed  bridge  is  built 
so  as  to  be  135  feet  above  mean  high  water  and  wonld 
not  injuriously  modify  the  navigation  of  the  river,  it 
cannot  be  declared  a  nuisance." 

As  a  result  of  the  Cabinet  deliberations  in  Washing- 
ton on  the  trouble  between  France  and  China,  the 
Secretary  of  State  has  sent  a  cable  message  to  the  officer 
in  command  of  the  Asiatic  Squadron,  instructing  him 
as  to  the  course  he  should  pursue  for  the  protection  of 
American  interests  in  that  quarter.  It  is  not  deemed 
advisable  to  publish  the  contents  of  the  message  at 
present. 

Secretary  Folger  has  directed  that  the  new  standard 
time  shall  be  adopted  in  the  Treasury  Department,  and 
that  half  an  hour  shall  be  allowed  each  employe  for 
luncheon. 

"The  Oaspe  Convention  of  Faithists  in  the  Creator" 
met  in  New  York  on  the  24  ult.  Delegates  were  pre- 
sent from  eleven  States.  T.  Grill  read  an  address,  in 
which  he  said:  "The  delegates  did  not  intend  to  patch 
up  an  old  structure  as  had  been  done  since  the  time  of 
Martin  Luther.  They  wanted  to  commence  work  on  a 
new  foundation.  They  would  not  begin  with  adults 
but  with  children,  whom  they  would  teach  to  regard 
virtue  and  industry  as  the  strongest  attributes  of  be- 
nevolence. They  were  opposed  to  all  creeds  and  doc- 
trines, but  took  whatever  was  good  in  Christianity, 
Judaism,  Brahminism  and  Buddhism.  The  moral 
faculties  would  be  cultivated  by  an  exclusively  vege- 
table diet,  as  advocated  in  the  old  Bible.  All  that  was 
asked  of  the  members  was  that  they  should  buy  tracts 
of  land  in  order  that  headquarters  might  be  established 
and  people  removed  to  them  from  the  profanity  of  the 
world."  Dr.  Newborough,  author  of  the  "  Bible  of  the 
Faithists,"  also  made  an  address,  and  compared  the 
present  condition  of  the  "  Faithists''  to  that  of  "  the  first 
convention  held  250U  years  ago  by  Confucius  in  China." 

Captain  Hogue,  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  steamer 
Dora,  at  San  Francisco,  reports  the  discovery  of  a  newly 
created  volcanic  island,  near  Bojaslow,  in  latitude  53, 
longitude  1(17.  It  emitted  smoke  and  flames,  and  was 
also  seen  by  the  captain  of  the  whaler  Matthew  Turner. 

Governor  Crosby,  of  Montana  Territory,  in  his  an- 
nual report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  urges  that 
polygamous  Mormons  be  not  only  impeached,  but  that 
they  be  disbarred  from  entering  Government  lands, 
thereby  preventing  the  spread  of  Mormonisra  in  that 
Territory. 

The  shipments  of  treasure  to  China  and  Japan  from 
California  are  not  only  very  valuable  but  increasing. 
The  City  of  Tokio,  which  sailed  from  San  Francisco  on 
the  7th  for  Hong  Kong,  carried  an  amount  of  treasure 
exceeding  half  a  million  dollars,  by  much  the  largest 
shipment  that  has  been  made  in  a  long  time,  this  being 
about  a  quarter  of  a  million  in  excess  of  the  treasure 
list  of  the  previous  steamer.  "  One  cause  for  this  heavy 
shipment,"  says  the  San  Francisco  Commercial  Herald, 


130 


THE    FRIEND. 


"  is  the  lessened  shipments  of  quicksilver,  which  during 
the  past  month  were  nothing.  The  quicksilver  used  to 
balance  a  good  deal  of  the  imports  of  tea,  rice,  nut  oil, 
&c,  which  have  now  to  be  settled  for  in  coin  or  its 
equivalent,  and  until  shipments  of  quicksilver  begin 
again,  as  they  have  been,  every  outgoing  steamer  will 
have  a  heavy  treasure  list." 

The  Milwaukee  Sentinel  publishes  a  tabulated  state- 
ment of  the  loss  of  life  and  property  in  the  gales  on  the 
Lakes  from  the  11th  to  the  17th  ult.,  showing  that  55 
lives  and  00  ve.-sels  were  lost. 

Five  hundred  Norwegians  and  Swedes  from  Illinois 
and  Wisconsin,  who  came  to  this  country  as  immigrants 
many  years  ago,  left  Chicago  on  the  22d  ult.  for  Nevv 
York,  en  route  lor  their  native  land.  This  is  the  second 
detachment,  a  like  number  having  preceded  them. 
They  are  mostly  farmers  and  of  the  wealthier  class. 

At  the  Franklin  Institute  meeting  on  the  21st  ult.,  a 
number  of  inventions  were  exhibited.  Professor  E.  J. 
Houston  explained  the  multiplex  synchronous  system 
of  telegraphy,  which  permits  the  simultaneous  trans- 
mission of  seventy-two  telegraphic  messages  on  one  and 
the  same  wire.  The  messages  are  absolutely  private, 
being  unintelligible  to  any  save  those  for  whom  they 
are  designed. 

The  alligator  will  become  extinct  in  Florida  waters, 
the  Palatka  Herald  says,  as  has  the  manatu  (sea  cow), 
once  so  numerous  there  ;  500,0(10  alligators  were,  it  is 
estimated,  killed  in  Florida  last  year. 

Sojourner  Truth,  a  well-known  colored  woman,  died 
on  the  26th,  at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  at  the  alleged 
age  of  108  years. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  370, 
which  was  20  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
21  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing,  188  were  males,  182  females:  46  died 
of  consumption  ;  23  of  diphtheria;  21  of  convulsions; 
20  of  pneumonia;  18  of  croup;  14  of  scarlet  fever,  and 
10  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4£'s,  coupon,  114;  registered, 
115J;  4's,  122$;  3's,  1C1 ;  currency  6's,  130  a  137. 

Cotton  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  10f  a  10J  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 


leum. — Standard 


lite,  8iJ  a  8|  cts.  for  export 


Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  without  essen- 
tial change.  Sales  of  1700  barrels,  including  Minne- 
sota extras  at  $5.25  a  §6  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at  j5; 
western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and  patents  at  »6  a  $6.75. 
Rye  Hour  was  steady  at  S3. 75  per  barrel  for  choice. 

Grain —Wheat  was  dull  and  unsettled.  About  8000 
bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.16  a  $1.17  ; 
No.  2  at  $1.08  a  $115  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at'  99^  cts.  a  §1  per  bushel. 
Corn — Car  lots  were  firm.  About  10,000  bushels  sold 
in  lots  at  55J  a  61  cts.  a  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime 
yellow  and  25,000  bushels  sail  mixed  at  60J  a  6U  cts. 
Oats. — (Jar  lots  were  firmly  held;  about  11,000  bushels 
sold  in  lots  at  37J  a  39  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to 
quality,  and  20,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  38J  a  39}  cts. 
Kye  was  firmly  held.     Small  sales  are  reported  at  65 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  11th 
mo.  24th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  409;  loads  of  straw,  71  ; 
Average  price  during  week— Prime  timothy,  85  a  95 
cts.  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

FOREIGN.— At  a  meeting  of  the  creditors  of  Morris 
Ranger,  a  Liverpool  cotton  broker,  who  failed  recently, 
it  was  shown  that  he  had  unsecured  liabilities  of  »4,- 
000,000,  and  assets  of  only  $45,000.  A  committee  was 
appointed  to  wind  up  bis  affairs. 

A  despatch  to  Renter's  Telegraph  Company,  dated 
Cairo,  1  1th  mo.  22d,  says  the  army  of  Hicks  Pasha  has 
been  destroyed  by  the  forces  of  El   Mahdi,    the  False 


igenee 


to  Khartoum  by  a 
id  to  have  continued 
to  have  resulted  in 
gvptian  troops. 
•ised,  it  is  estimated, 
ies,  Bedouins,  Mulat- 
was  fought  near  El 
•d  the  Dervishes.de- 


by 


the  Regulars  joined  in  the  attack, 
it    became   general.     The    army   of 

I  early  in  the  battle  was  divided  into 
Bequentlv  reunited  and  formed  into 
■  forces  of  tin-  False  Prophet  broke 

II  M-nd-  a  up  --age  from  Khartoum, 
1,  saying  that  Vizitellv,  the  artist  of 


the  London  Graphic,  is  the  sole  survivor  of  the  recent 
battle  with  El  Mahdi's  forces,  and  that  he  is  a  prisoner 
at  El  Obeid.  Col.  Coetlogan  says  the  situation  is  most 
critical. 

Advices  from  Zanzibar  say,  that  the  British  man-of- 
war  Dryad,  which  has  arrived  there  from  Madagascar, 
reports  that  a  French  man-of-war  bombarded  the  un- 
fortified town  of  Vohemar,  on  the  north  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar, on  the  8th,  without  giving  any  previous  notice. 
Five  British  subjects  were  killed,  and  much  property 
belonging  to  neutrals  was  destroyed  or  plundered. 

A  despatch  from  Kong  Kong  to  Reuter's  Telegram 
Company,  says,  news  has  been  received  from  Hai- 
Phong,  announcing  that  a  force  of  3000  Chinese  troops 
made  an  attempt  on  Hai-Dzuong  on  the  17th  inst. 
The  French  garrison,  being  supported  by  a  gun-boat  on 
the  river  Tai-Bigne,  held  out  from  9  o'clock  in  the 
morning  until  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  the  Chi- 
nese retreated.  The  loss  of  the  French  land  force  was 
12  killed  and  wounded.  The  French  gun-boat  had  its 
hull  penetrated  by  the  enemy  s  shot  in  several  places, 
and  eight  of  the  crew  were  wounded.    A  Paris  despatch 

the  Exchange  Telegraph  Company  says  :  "  The  fight 
at  Hai-Dzuong  lasted  seven  hours.  The  French  loss 
was  20  killed  and  wounded." 

The  Temps  states  that  the  Marquis  Tseng,  the  Chi- 
nese Ambassador,  has  received  from  the  Chinese  Gov- 
ernment a  reply  to  the  last  French  communication 
relative  to  the  Tonquin  question,  in  which  China  has 
made  fresh  proposals  to  France,  which  the  Temps  says 
are  not  in  any  way  acceptable  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment. The  latest  news  from  Tonquin  confirms  the  pre- 
vious reports  that  Suntay  i.s  powerfully  fortified  by  the 
Chinese.  A  Paris  despatch  to  the  Daily  Telegraph  says 
ly  true  that  China  has  informed  France 


with  bills  on  taxation  is  not  clear.  The  Liberal  papei 
criticize  the  speech  adversely,  saying  that  it  does  nt'l 
satisfy  public  curiosity  concerning  real  taxation,  th;j 
the  programme  generally  is  colorless  and  insigniliean 
and  that  the  proposed  bill  taxing  interest  accruing  froil, 
capital  will  not  obtain  a  majority  in  the  lower  house  <,! 
the  Diet,  especially  while  landed  property  remairj 
exempt  from  impost. 

The  llluslrirte  Zeitung  reports  that  German  emigrant 
return  weekly  in  great  numbers  from  America.  On! I 
hundred  agricultural  laborers  returned  recently  front 
Chicago  to  their  old  homes  in  East  Prussia.  They  asji 
cribe  their  ill  success  to  the  much  quicker,  but  leal 
thorough,  work  of  Americans  with  whom  they  had  t  ) 
compete.  They  had  with  difficulty  earned  their  passag; 
money. 

A   St.    Petersburg   despatch    to   the    Tagblatt   says 
"  There  appears  to  be  more  and  more  :ground  for  th 
report   thai   the   Czar   some  time   ago  selected  Counl 
Toistoi  and  Privy  Councillors  Pobedonosetl'and  Katko  !| 
to  elaborate  a  Constitutional   charter  for  the  Empirej| 
The  charter   is  said  to  contain  an  organization   man 
adapted  to  the  spirit  of  the  age,  wherein,  though  thjj 
principle  of  autocracy  is   maintained,   a   possibility  iij 
given   to   prominent   persons,  as  representatives  of  thlj 
people,  to  mediate  between  the  latter  and  the  crown,  a  I 
advisers  of  the  Government.  These  reforms  are  grantee j| 
in  order  to  do  justice  to  the  universal  desires  of  thijj 
people." 

News  from  Bolivia  states  that  Montero  has  left  thir 
capital  for  the  Argentine  States,  doubtless  en  route  tiU 
Europe.  Bolivia  has  decided  to  treat  for  peace  witlB 
Chili,  and  is  sending  a  diplomatic  commission  to  San» 
tiago. 


that  if  the  French   forces  attack   Bac-Ninh,  it  will   be 

considered  a  casus  belli.     It  is  reported  that  the  French  NOTICE. 

troops  in  Tonquin  are  suffering  from  dysentery.  A  meeting  of  the  Teachers'  Association  of  Friends  o| 

La  Liberie  publishes  a  telegram  from  London,  stating  Philadelphia  and  vicinity,  will  be  held  at  820  Cherr 
lliat  England  lias  ottered  to  mediate  between  France  and  St.,  Seveiitli-dav,  12th  mo.  1st,  at  2.30  P.  M. 
China,  and  that  France  has  accepted  the  offer.  The  I  Programme  :"  Report  of  Committee  on  Organization 
telegram  also  says  that  England  recognizes  that  the  in-  Lesson  on  Inductive  Teaching,  bv  Edward  Brooks,  A.  M 
terests  of  France  in  Tonquin  justify  the  occupation  by  j  All  interested  in  the  subject  of  Eduction  are  invitee 
the  trench  ot  both  Sontay  and  Bac-Ninh,  but  England  to  attend, 
strongly  advises  France  to  pursue  a  conciliatory  policy.        '  

A    despatch   to  Reuter's   Telegram    Company    from 


Paris  says:  "It  is   thought  probable  that   the 
forbidding  the  importation  of  American  pork  will  soon 
be   withdrawn,   in    conformity   with   the  report  of  the 
Hygienic  Committee.     Dr.   Brouardel   states  that  the 
cases  of  trichinosis  in  Saxony  were  produced  by  Ger- 

meat. 

eat  importance  is  attached  in  political  circles  to 
the  decision  arrived  at  in  the  Spanish  Cabinet  to  ad- 

to  the  previously  announced  programme,  owing  to 

fleet  which  it  is  expected  to  produce  among  the 
supporters  of  Sagasta,  who  are  opposed  thereto,  and  who 
form  a  parliamentary  majority  in  the  Cortez. 

The  programme  agreed   upon  provides  for  home  re-  

forms  and  the  adoption  of  universal  suffrage  in  the  re- 
ision  of  the  Constitution.     Segasta  pr Tscs  that  the  I        FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE 


WANTED, 
A  well  qualified  Friend,  as  teacher,  to  take  charge  1 
Friends'  School  at  Springville,  Iowa.     School  to  ope 
early  in  next  month.     Apply  to    B.  V.  Stanley, 

Springville,  Linn  county,  Iowa. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowi 
Station  on    the    arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train   fron 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


suffrage  franchise  be  conferred  only  upon  those  wl 
read  and  write. 

Ten  thousand  people  gathered  at  Valencia  on  the  21st 
to  witness  the  landing  of  the  Crown  Prince  of  Germany, 
and  greeted  him  with  loud  cheers,  while  the  men-of-war 
in  the  harbor  and  the  batteries  on  shore  fired  salutes. 
On  the  23d  he  arrived  at  Madrid  on  a  special  train, 
he  streets  were  crowded  with  people  of  all  ranks,  and 

any   bouses  were    gaily  decorated.     King  Alphonso 

et  the  Prince  when  he  alighted  from  the  train.  Ex- 
traordinary attention  has  been  shown  their  guest  by 
the  Spanish  people.  The  newspapers  generally  wel- 
come the  visitor,  while  deprecating  an  alliance  between 
Spain  and  Germany. 

The  Prussian  Diet  was  opened  at  noon,  on  the  21st, 
in  the  White  Hall  of  the  Koyal  Castle  bv  von  Pult- 
kamer,  Minister  of  the  Interior.  The  speech  from  the 
throne  set  forth  that  the  financial  situation  had  improv- 
ed, and  the  working  of  the  railways  bv  the  Slate  had 
resulted  in  the  accumulation  of  a  considerable  surplus. 
The  new  budget  does  not  make  any  chin,  upon  the 
credit  of  the  State,  but  a  certain  disproportion  continues 
in  regard  to  the  resources  of  the  treasury  as  compared 
with  the  demands  upon  it,  arising  from  the  pressure  of 
communal  charges  anil  the  inadequacy  of  the  salaries  of 
public  officials.  The  budget  estimates  the  receipts  and 
expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  of  1884-'85  at  1,112,- 
800,000  marks  each. 

The  proposed  bill  for  the  taxation  of  incomes,  refer- 
red to  ill  the  Royal  speech  at  (he  opening  of  the  Diet, 
will  apply  only  to  incomes  fron,  personal  property. 
Ihe  members  ol  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  received  the 
speech  coldly.    They  complain  that  the  passage  dealing 


Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphii 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  ol 
Managers. 


Married,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,  Medford,  N.  J., 
on  11th  mo.  15th,  Ezra  C.  Bell,  of  Haddonlield,  and 
Priscilla  M.  Evans,  of  Upper  Evesham  Monthly 
Meeting. 


Died,  at  his  late  residence,  Ashley,  near  Wiloiing 
Delaware,  on  the  6th  day  of  7th  month,  1883,  AshtoN 
Richardson,  in  the  54th  year  of  his  age,  an  esteemed 
member  and  elder  of  Wilmington  Monthly  Meeeting. 
"  Blessed  is  that  servant  whom  his  Lord,  when  he 
cometh,  shall  find  watching." 

,  at  her  residence  in  Germantown,  10th  mo.  2d, 

1SS3,  Margaret  C.  Henderson,  in  the  75th  year  of 
her  age,  a  member  of  Frankford  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends. 

— -,  lhh  mo.  11th,  Sarah  N.,  widow  of  the  late 
Nathan  Woolman,  in  the  78th  year  of  her  age,  a  111 
ber  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia 
for  the  Northern  District. 

,   11th   mo.  16th,   Rachel,  widow  of  the 

Reuben  Roberts,  in  the  8  III)  year  of  her  age,  a  member 
of  Haddontield  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  J. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TWELFTH  MONTH 


NO.    18. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


oiul-rl.t^-. 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

CONTROVERSY. 

An  incident  related  bj'  Job  Seott  in  his 
journal,  illustrates  the  importance  of  keeping 
close  to  our  Heavenly  Guide,  especially  when 
we  are  endeavoring  to  defend  the  cause  of  re- 
ligious truth.  In  the  year  1784,  he  attended 
a  meeting  at  Saratoga,  of  which  he  says,  "  It 
was  to  me  a  time  of  awful  silent  waiting  ;  and 
though  several  subjects  seemed  to  be  opening 
on  my  mind,  yet  they  all  closed  up,  and  I  had 
no  liberty  to  say  any  thing  among  them. 

"Near  the  conclusion  of  the  meeting  it 
sprang  a  little  in  my  view,  and  I  thought 
likely  I  might  have  to  mention  it,  that  I  bad 
a  little  cabinet  with  me,  that  contained  a 
valuable  treasure;  but  that  I  was  not  the 
keeper  of  the  key  ;  that  He  kept  the  key,  who, 
when  He  opens,  none  can  shut;  and,  on  the 
contrary,  when  He  shuts,  none  can  open  ;  so 
as  He  did  not  open,  I  had  nothing  for  the 
people. 

"After  meeting  we  went  home  with  James 
Seal.  Here  came  a  Baptist  preacher  who  had 
been  at  the  meeting.  Soon  after  ho  came  in 
he  began  to  discourse,  and  seemed  to  mani- 
fest a  disposition  to  dispute.  I  felt  a  caution 
arise,  not  hastily  to  speak  what  was  on  my 
mind.  So  keeping  silence,  I  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  hear  him  work  round  and  try  to 
get  hold  of  something,  as  he  conversed  with 
Daniel  Aldrich  and  the  other  Friend,  till  din- 
ner was  ready.  Also  at  the  table  he  mani- 
fested the  same  disposition,  and  said  he  should 
like  it  better  if  Friends  would  state  some  pro- 
positions, and  clearly  illustrate  them,  than  to 
dwell  much  on  exhortations,  &c,  meaning  in 
public  testimony,  I  suppose. 

"I  remained  silent  till  dinner  was  over; 
and  then,  before  we  rose  from  the  table,  I  felt 
an  openness  to  speak.  First,  I  related  the 
constrainings  to  silence  which  I  had  felt  in 
the  meeting,  and  what  sprang  in  my  mind 
near  the  close  of  it,  respecting  the  little  cabi- 
net I  had,  the  key  of  which  I  was  not  the 
keeper  of,  &c.  And  then,  enlarging  a  little, 
I  added,  that  I  had  found  by  trying  to  open 
something  myself,  I  had  run  into  words,  to 
the  grief  of  my  own  mind,  and  not  to  the 
profit  of  the  people.  And  further,  that  by 
endeavoring  to  be  methodical,  I  had  some- 
times lost  the  life,  in  which  the  pure  opening 
was,  and  so  been  confused  and  confounded. 


But  that,  by  waiting  in  silence  till  the  life 
hath  arisen,  and  therein  a  living  opening  ;  and 
by  carefully  moving,  as  the  true  key  opened 
things  suitable  to  the  states  of  the  people,  I 
had  often  known  the  power  of  Truth  arise 
into  groat  dominion  ;  to  the  consolation  of  my 
own  soul,  the  great  tendering  of  the  people, 
and,  as  I  have  no  reason  to  doubt,  to  their 
real  benefit  and  spiritual  advantage. 

"After  thus  expressing,  as  things  opened 
in  a  good  degree  of  the  influence  of  truth,  the 
poor  man  seemed  to  be  entirely  shut  up ;  and 
without  making  a  word  of  reply,  arose  from 
the  table,  took  his  stick  in  his  hand  and  went 
away.  He  soon  after  returned  again  on  some 
outward  occasion,  but  did  not  come  into  our 
company,  and  said  nothing  about  religious 
matters. 

"Thus  that  spirit,  wherein  he  appeared  to 
think  himself  able  to  crush  and  confound  us 
all,  was  overcome,  and  as  it  were  chained  and 
bound  fast  in  silence.  Let  God  have  all  the 
glory,  as  it  is  evidently  due  to  Him.  For  by 
waiting  his  time,  He  gave  us  the  victory,  and 
that  without  many  words;  whereas,  had  we 
engaged  this  priest  at  a  venture,  and  entered 
into  a  dispute  with  him,  in  our  own  ereature- 
ly  ability,  as  if  our  time  was  always  ready,  it 
is  very  likely  it  might  have  led  into  a  large 
field  of  words  and  arguments,  without  much 
satisfaction  on  either  side." 

On  the  subject  of  controversy,  Isaac  Pen- 
ington  thus  speaks  in  one  of  his  letters:  "As 
touching  disputes,  indeed,  I  have  no  love  to 
them  :  Truth  did  not  enter  my  heart  that 
wa3T ;  yet,  sometimes  a  necessity  is  laid  upon 
me,  for  the  sake  of  others.  And  truly,  when 
I  do  feel  a  necessity,  I  do  it  in  great  fear;  not 
trusting  in  my  spear  or  bow,  I  mean  in  strong 
arguments  or  wise  considerations,  which  1 
(of  myself)  can  gather  or  comprehend  ;  but, 
I  look  up  to  the  Lord  for  the  guidance,  help 
and  demonstration  of  his  Spirit,  that  way  may 
be  made  thereby  in  men's  hearts  for  the  pure 
seed  to  be  reached  to,  wherein  the  true  con- 
viction and  thorough  conversion  of  the  soul 
to  God  is  witnessed." 

This  reaching  to  "the  pure  seed" — the  gift 
of  Divine  Grace — is  the  surest  way  to  produce 
conviction.  Many  years  ago,  a  Friend  in  the 
vicinity  of  Philadelphia  committed  some  act 
against  the  good  order  and  discipline  of  the 
Society,  and  justified  himself  in  his  offence. 
A  committee  was  appointed  to  wait  upon 
him,  but  he  was  full  of  arguments  in  defence 
of  his  conduct.  A  party  was  forming  in  the 
Monthly  Meeting,  for  he  went  about  telling 
what  he  had  said,  and  what  the  committee 
had  said  ;  and  some  thought  one  thing,  and 
some  another.  A  Friend,  who  felt  his  mind 
drawn  in  love  and  life  to  go  with  the  com- 
mittee to  see  him,  knowing  very  well  that  he 
would  fortify  himself  with  arguments  against 
everything  that  could  be  said  to  him,  told  his 
companions  that  "we  were  going  to  meet  with 
a  crooked  spirit,  that  never  could  be  over- 
come with  words,  so  wo  must  all   be  silent, 


and  say  nothing  about  the  man's  offence,  for 
he  knows  very  well  what  we  are  coming  for. 
All  he  wants  is  for  us  to  begin,  and  he  will 
match  it  at  once;  but  if  he  begins  let  us  help 
him  out  his  own  way  as  well  as  wo  can  in 
brotherly  kindness;  but  if  we  cannot,  let  us 
all  be  silent. 

"So  we  went  to  see  him,  and  he  invited  us 
into  a  room ;  and  we  all  sat  in  solemn  silence 
together,  until  he  became  very  uneasy  and 
restless.  We  then  conversed  about  other 
matters,  and  afterwards  walked  out,  looked 
at  his  farm,  and  talked  friendly  together.  So 
we  came  in  and  took  tea  ;  and  after  tea  we 
sat  in  silence,  in  a  feeling  and  tender  state. 
We  then  concluded  to  order  our  horses  and 
go ;  but  he  said,  '  Friends,  not  so.  It  is  too 
late.'  So  we  consented  and  stayed  all  night, 
and  in  the  morning,  after  breakfast,  we  sat 
down  again  in  solemn  silence,  and  were  all 
much  tendered  together.  When  we  had  bid 
the  family  farewell,  and  had  mounted  our 
horses,  he  called  us  back  and  said,  '  Friends 
I  am  conquered;  for  I  could  not  sleep  last 
night.  I  had  nothing  but  my  conscience  to 
war  with,  and  it  continually  reproached  me 
with  having  done  wrong.  Oh!  Friends,  lam 
willing  to  make  any  acknowledgment,  if  it 
will  only  atone  for  the  evil  I  have  done.'  I  told 
him,  he  had  not  much  acknowledgment  to 
make  to  Friends  ;  if  he  could  only  make  peace 
with  his  Heavenly  Father,  a  very  little  would 
satisfy  Friends.  So  we  went  back  again, 
and  he  wrote  an  acknowledgment  which  we 
thought  was  more  than  enough  ;  and  when  it 
was  made  right,  we  parted  in  much  tender- 
ness, and  he  gave  the  paper  to  the  Monthly 
Meeting.  It  was  freely  accepted,  and  peace 
and  harmony  were  restored  among  Friends." 

Thomas  Story  gives  an  instructive  account 
of  an  interview  which  he  had,  when  yet  young 
in  years  and  young  in  religious  experience, 
with  Dr.  Gilpin,  "a  man  of  great  learning, 
religious  in  his  way,  an  ancient  preacher  and 
writer  too,  famous  in  Oliver's  time,  and  a 
throne  among  his  brethren."  The  Doctor  had 
heard  that  Thomas  inclined  towards  Friends, 
and  borrowed  of  him  such  of  their  books  as 
were  in  his  possession,  with  the  design  of  con- 
vincing him  that  their  views  were  erroneous. 
He  says  : — 

"  Soon  after  I  had  parted  with  these  books, 
I  observed  a  cloud  came  over  my  mind,  and 
an  unusual  concern;  and  therein,  the  two 
sacraments,  commonly  so  termed,  came  afresh 
into  my  remembrance,  and  divers  Scriptures 
and  arguments  pro  and  con  ;  and  then  I  was 
apprehensive  the  Doctor  was  preparing  some- 
thing of  that  sort  to  discourse  me  upon.  I 
began  to  search  out  some  Scriptures  in  de- 
fence of  my  own  sentiments  on  those  subjects; 
but  as  I  proceeded  a  little  in  that  work  I  be- 
came more  uneasy  and  clouded  ;  upon  which 
I  laid  aside  the  Scriptures  and  sat  still,  look- 
ing towards  the  Lord  for  counsel." 

"Then  it  was  clear  in  my  understanding, 
that  as  he  was  in  his  own  will  and  strength, 


138 


THE    FRIEND. 


though  with  a  good  intent,  searching  the 
letter,  and  depending  on  that  and  his  own 
wisdom,  acquirements  and  subtilty,  leaning 
to  his  own  spirit  and  understanding,  I  must 
decline  that  way,  and  trust  in  the  Spirit  of 
Christ,  the  divine  Author  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures. This  caution  was  presented  in  the  life 
and  virtue  of  truth,  and  I  rested  satisfied 
therein,  and  searched  no  further  on  that  oc- 
casion. When  I  went  to  his  house,  he  entered 
into  a  discourse  on  those  subjects;  and  had 
such  passages  of  Scripture  folded  down  as  he 
purposed  to  use;  when  I  observed  it,  I  was 
confirmed  that  1113*  sight  of  him,  in  my  own 
chamber  at  Carlisle,  and  of  his  work,  some 
days  before,  was  right;  and  my  mind  was 
strengthened  thereby." 

In  the  interview,  Thomas  found  himself 
furnished  with  such  replies  to  the  arguments 
of  Dr.  Gilpin,  as  in  measure  presented  the 
subjects  in  a  light  in  which  he  had  not  before 
viewed  them;  and  they  parted  in  friendship. 
"From  henceforth,"  he  says,  "I  was  easy  as 
to  everything  any  of  that  sort  could  say.  And 
divers  disputes  I  have  had  with  many  of  tbem 
since,  in  other  parts  of  the  world  ;  but  never 
began  any  controversy,  being  always  on  the 
defensive  side ;  and  rarely  entered  upon  any 
question,  with  any  sect,  till  I  knew 


of  worlds  and  comets,  undoubtedly  has  a 
rapid  motion  around  some  distant  centre; 
and  this  far  off  body  quite  probably  revolves 
around  some  other  vast  globe  in  the  distant 
realms  of  creation.  And  thus  finally  the 
whole  universe  of  worlds  and  suns  majr  have 
one  grand  centre  of  motion.  All  is  under  the 
government  of  the  eternal,  omnipresent  God, 
whose  power  is  infinite;  so  that,  of  all  the 
trillions  of  objects  great  and  small  which 
make  up  the  system  of  animated  nature,  every- 
one receives  due  attention  and  care.  How 
appropriate  then  for  all  intelligent  beings 
to  remember  their  Creator  with  praise  and 
thanksgiving.  W.  Dawson. 

Spieeland,  Ind.,  11th  mo.  14th . 

For  "The  Friend." 

John  Churchman's  Concordance, 

And  some  Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and 
other  families. 
A  well  preserved  copy  of  the  Cambridge 
edition  of  a  Concordance  published,  or  printed 
in  1720,  at  one  time  the  property  of  John 
Churchman  (the  minister),  has  lately  been 
received,  and  having  somewhat  of  an  interest- 
ing history,  it  was  thought  a  short  account 
of  it,  with  some  accompanying  papers  con- 
taining recollections  of  the  Churchman  and 


point 

the  divine  truth  over  all  in  my  own  mind,  and  [other  families  of  Nottingham  Monthly  Meet- 
my  will  subjected  by  it."  *  *  "  In  two  or  ing,  about  the  commencement  of  the  present 
three  times  at  most,  in  the  course  of  my  life,  century,  would  be  interesting  to  the  readers 
in  some  low  cases,  and  in  too  hasty  engage-  of  "  The  Friend."  The  volume  is  14  by  9 
ments  in  my  own  strength,  my  mind  hath  inches,  and  about  2}  inches  thick,  and  un- 
been  ruffled  :  and  though  I  have  gained  the 'paged.  Inscribed  on  the  inside  of  the  back, 
point  by  force  of  argument,  from  the  principle  '  in  a  fair  legible  hand,  is  the  following  : 
of  reason  only,  and  not  from  the  principle  ofi  "  This  Concordance  was  bequeathed  to  the 
divine  Truth  ;  yet  I  have  not  had  that  peace  undersigned  in  a  verbal  wid  by  Margaret 
and  satisfaction  of  mind  which  is  to  be  found  Churchman,  grand-daughter  of  John  Church- 
in  the  virtue  of  truth  alone.  And  this  has  man  (the  minister),  10th  mo.  26th,  1835,— just 
also  taught  me  to  be  totally  silent,  and  some-; two  years  before  her  decease, — aged  about 
times  even  insulted  by  ignorants,  as  if  I  had  79  years.  The  same  volume  is  now  presented 
nothing  to  say;  till  the  power  and  virtue  of  to  the  Library  of  the  Society  of  Friends  at 
truth  hath  arisen  in  my  mind  ;  and  thenit|Arch  Street,  Philadelphia,  under  a  feeling  of 
hath  never  failed,  by  its  own  light  and  evi- 1 peaceful  quiet  in  the  mind  of  the  donor,  in 
-b,  to  support  its  own  cause  anil  justify  the  81th  year  of  his   age.     James  Trimble, 

formerly  of  East  Nottingham,  Cecil  Co.,  Md., 
grandson  of  Joseph  Tremble,  who  came  from 
Ireland  about  1730.  Fairville,  Chester  Co., 
Pa.,  11th  mo.  1,  1882." 

Pasted  on  the  title  page  is  a  small  piece  of 


Motion  and  Space. 

Motion  seems  to  be  an  attribute  of  creation 


— the  life  of  matter.  Yet  some  parts  of  matter  ancient  looking  paper,  on  which  is  written  in 
are  still,  in  a  relative  sense;  a  large  rock  lies  a  neat  and  legible  hand,  the  following: 
on  the  same  spot  of  ground  year  after  year,  J  "1803,  3d  mo.  29th. — It  appeared  by  a 
doubtless  for  many  ages.  But  the  earth  and  ,Reeeit  on  a  blank  leaf  in  the  fore-part  of  this 
all  things  on  it  move  as  one  body  through  Concordance,  signed  by  Isaac  Webster  (the 
space  at  the  astonishing  rate  of  nearly  nine-  father  of  Isaac  late  of  Bush  River,  in  Harford 
teen  miles  in  every  second  of  time.  Such  a 'county,  deceased,)  dated  the  18th  of  the  4th 
motion  is  entirely  beyond  the  utmost  stretch  Imp.  (old  stile),  1749,  that  the  cost  thereof  was 


tion.     Hut  it  is  a  reality  in  the 'three  pounds,  two  sh 

for  the  sun  is  known  to  bo  suppose  that  at  my  fath 


about  92,000,000  miles  from  the  earth,  which 
moves  quite  round  it  in  one  .year. 

To  assist  in  realizing  rapid  motion  we  might 
think  how  soon  a  train  of  cars  goes  out  of 
sight  when  moving  011  a  straight  road  at  the 
rate  of  30  miles  an  hour.  What  a  heavy  rush 
it  would  make  if  going  by  us  with  a  velocity 
of  one  mile  a  minute.  The  greatest  velocity 
of  a  cannon  ball  is  said  to  be  nearly  20  miles 
a.  minute.  We  could  hardly  see  it  in  such  a 
flight.  And  yet.  our  earth,  with  all  its  whirl 
of  business,  moves  more  than  51)  times  Paster 
than  the  whizzing  ball.  The  planet  Venus 
goes  still  faster;  and  the  motion  of  Mercury 
is  nearly  twice  that  of  the  earth.  The  other 
planets  move  slower,  because  they  are  farther 
from  the  sun.     The  sun  with  all  its  retinue 


I'C.       I 

Hook 


r  by  the  said 
:oming  loose, 
d  price  is  in- 


was   imported 
Maryland  to  England,  or  s 
Isaac  Webster.    The  blank 
this  memorandum  of  the  d; 
sertcd  by  Geo.  Churchman 

For  a  pretty  full  account  of  Geo.  Church- 
man, see  vol.  44  of  "  The  Friend."  It  is  pro- 
posed to  place  the  volume  in  Friends'  Library, 
now  at  304  Arch  St.,  where  those  who  dosire 
may  have  an  opportunity  of  examining  ii. 

The  large  folio  edition  of  Cruden's  Con- 
cordance, containing  about  1000  pages,  was 
first  published  in  A  merica  about  1800. '  Printed 

and  sold  by  Kimber,  Conrad  Ac  Co.,  No.  :>:; 
Market  St.,  I'hilada.  In  the  preface  to  this 
valuable  work,  we  are  informed  that  Hugo 
deS.  Charo,  a  preaching  Friar  of  the  Domini- 


can Order,  who  was  afterwards  a  Cardina  I 
was  the  first  who  compiled  a  Concordance  t\ 
the  Holy  Scriptures.  It  was  in  the  Lath! 
tongue, —he  died  in  1262.  In  1545,  Rober 
Stephens  divided  the  chapters  of  the  Bibl 
into  verses,  and  in  1555  "this  eminent  printe 
published  his  fine  Concordance."  Cardina 
Hugo's  work  being  in  Latin,  one  in  Hebrev 
was  commenced  by  Rabbi  Mordecai  Nathan 
otherwise  called  Isaac  Nathan,  in  1438,  am 
completed  in  1448.  After  printing  was  ir 
vented,  it  was  printed  several  times;  once  a 
Venice,  under  the  title  of  "  Meir  Netib" — tha 
is  to  say,  "  Which  giveth  light  in  the  way, 
"  This  was  the  foundation  of  that  noble  worl 
published  by  Jno.  Buxlorf,  at  Basil,  1632. 
An  excellent  Concordance  to  the  Old  TestaJ 
ment  was  published  at  Amsterdam,  1718,  b\ 
the  aged  and  worthy  minister  of  Groningeu 
Abraham  Trommius.  The  first  English  Con 
cordanco  was  published  by  Marbeck,  in  1550 
which  was  "dedicated  to  the  pious  King  Ed 
ward  VI."  Others  were  published  byT  Cotten 
and  then  Hewman,  and  lastly  we  have  oni 
under  the  title  of  the  "Cambridge  Concord 
ance,"  of  which  the  one  above  alluded  to  is  ; 
copy. 


The  Light  of  Christ. 

George  Fox,  on  this  great  doctrine,  writes 
"  I  was  sent  to  turn  people  from  darkness  to 
the  light,  that  they  might  l'eceive  Chris j 
Jesus  ;  for  as  many  as  should  receive  Him  ii\ 
his  light,  I  saw  He  would  give  power  to  be 
come  the  sons  of  God  ;  which  I  had  obtaineel 
by  receiving  Christ." 

Again  in  an  answer  to  "some  lines  from  jj 
high-flown  professor,  concerning  the  way  oil 
Christ,"  G.  F.  testifies :  "  If  ever  ye  come  tcl 
sec  Christ  to  your  comfort,  while  ye  oppostl 
his  light,  then  God  hath  not  spoken  by  me."  I 

William  Penn  declares:  "  The  gloiy  of  this 
day,  and  foundation  of  the  hope  that  has  not 
made  us  ashamed  since  we  were  a  people,  you 
know  is  the  light  and  life  of  Christ,  which  we 
profess,  and  direct  all  people  to,  as  the  great 
instrument  and  agent  of  man's  conversion  to 
God.  It.  was  by  this  we  were  first  touched,  and 
effectually  enlightened  as  to  our  inward  state; 
which  put  us  upon  the  consideration  of  our 
latter  end,  causing  us  to  set  the  Lord  before 
our  eyes,  and  to  number  our  days,  that  we 
might  apply  our  hearts  to  wisdom." 

It  is  well  to  keep  these — with  many  similar 
testimonies  that  might  be  selected— clearly 
defined  and  fundamental  doctrines  of  out- 
early  Friends,  livingly  in  view;  being  primi- 
tive Christianity  revived.  The  restless  and 
stirring  spirit  of  the  day  seems  greatly  athirst 
for  change  and  novelty;  even  to  innovate 
upon  that  forbidden  : — "Remove  not  the  an- 
cient land-mark  (or  bound)  which  thy  fathers 
have  set."  "Stand  ye  in  the  ways,  and  see, 
and  ask  for  the  old  paths,  where  is  the  good 
way,  and  walk-  therein,  and  ye  shall  find  rest 
for  your  souls." 

li'  such  rcmodcllers  now  astir  upon  the 
stage,  think-  to  bring  about  a  reformation  in 
I  he  Society  by  entering  into  a  league  with 
enemies— whether  such  as  was  (Jiboon  to 
Israel  or  not  — which  our  first  Friends,  by  the 
Spirit  of  the  Lord,  were  led  out  from,  are  we 
mil    in   danger  of    having  a   set    of   unskilled 

formalists  brought  in  and  nurtured  among  us 
who,  never  having  known  that  baptism  winch 
thoroughly  cleanses   the  floor  of  the  heart, 


THE    FRIEND. 


139 


nor  the  washing  of  regeneration  which  makes 
rhen  and  women  for  God,  are  likely  to  be  su- 
perficial members,  having  their  heads  more 
ailed  with  notions,  than  with  that  nothing- 
less  of  self  and  humility  of  mind,  which  so 
morns  the  Christian  disciple  and  character? 


Letter  from  Joel  Bean. 

Dear  Friend, — Often  has  my  heart  been 
Irawn  to  thee  in  sympathy  and  fellowship, 
vhen  physical  depression  has  compelled  me 
,o  lay  aside  the  pen.  And  as  from  month  to 
nonth  The  British  Friend  has  reached  this 
listant  coast,  it  has  been  read  with  that  deep 
nterest  which  lives  with  us,  in  all  that  con- 
:erns  the  welfare  of  our  people  and  the  Church 
if  God. 

I  am  prompted  by  thy  last  issue  to  express 
he  joy  I  felt  to  see  the  place  given  in  its 
lolumns  for  the  "  Voice  from  Iowa'"  [a  notice 
>f  which  appeared  in  "  The  Friend,"]  pre- 
lenting  a  different  view  of  what  Friends  are 
>assing  through,  from  that  which  meets  the 
feaders  of  most  of  the  published  accounts — 
iot  that  the  exposure  of  evils  and  wrongs 
jives  pleasure,  only  so  far  as  a  faithful  wit- 
less to  the  truth  requires,  and  that  the  op- 
jressed,  and  the  proscribed,  and  the  outcast, 
nay  have  a  hearing. 

As  I  have  read,  the  reports  of  the  Yearly 
Meetings  this  year,  representing  them  as  in 
i  condition  of  great  favor  with  the  Lord  and 
success  in  his  work,  and  knowing  as  I  do  so 
:nany  places  of  suffering,  and  so  many  wrongs 
igainst  brethren,  like  those  in  Springdale 
Monthly  Meeting  described  in  the  moderate 
ind  candid  letter  of  A.  Crosbie,  the  question 
meets  me  over  and  over  again,  how  is  it  if 
the  Church  is  80  alive  and  in  sympathy  with 
its  Head,  that  there  is  not  in  the  great  bodies 
i  heart  to  feel,  a  spirit  to  discern,  an  ear  to 
hear,  and  a  disposition  to  search  out  the 
Jauses  of  these  things  and  to  remove  them  ? 

How  is  it  that  the  perpetrators  of  these 
wrongs  receive  the  right  of  fellowship,  and 
ire  strengthened  to  press  on  in  their  course  ? 
How  is  the  burning  desire  to  "save  souls" 
and  to  send  the  glad  tidings  of  the  gospel 
lio  distant  lands,  to  bo  reconciled  with  the 
indifference  towards  the  thousands  of  the 
living  members  of  the  body  who  feel  their 
services  rejected,  and  the  places  they  have 
long  filled  taken  from  them,  on  whose  behalf 
we  hear  of  no  voice  of  appeal,  of  no  visit  of 
sympathy.  And  when  it  is  known  that  so 
many  of  this  class  are  the  very  salt  of  the 
earth,  who  have  borne  the  burden  and  heat 
of  the  day,  in  the  building  up  of  many  of  the 
strongest  meetings  of  the  Society  in  our  land, 
the  sweet  savor  of  whose  Christian  lives  is 
owned  with  grateful  love  in  the  communities 
around  them,  their  treatment  at  the  hands  of 
those  who  publish  to  the  world  a  profession 
of  "entire  sanctijication,"  and  "perfect  love," 
has  brought  a  burden  to  the  cause  of  Christ, 
and  a  strain  upon  the  faith  even  of  believers, 
which  as  yet  have  had  little  utterance  save 
as  a  suppressed  undertone  of  anguish  amid 
the  exultations  and  rejoicings  of  the  multi- 
tudes. But  they  are  heard  on  high  ;  and  the 
time  must  come  when  they  will  have  a  hear- 
ing in  the  body  of  our  Lord  on  earth  when 
his  Spirit  reigns.  For  these  true  mourners  in 
Zion,  in  obscurity  and  loneliness,  oftentimes 
have  the  token  of  the  Saviour's  regard,  and 
the  evidence  of  his  watchful  love,  been  pro- 
portioned, even   in   the  day   of  trial,   to   the 


depths  of  proving  through  which  they  are 
called  to  go. 

Jt  is  time  that  a  trumpet  voice  should  arouse 
our  people  to  danger,  when,  hurried  onward 
by  a  leagued  leadership  in  many  places,  almost 
unbounded  liberty  is  given  to  innovations 
upon  the  doctrines  ami  the  order  of  the  So- 
ciety, and  the  liberty  (if  criticism  and  caution 
s  suppressed  to  such  a  degree,  that  a  paper 
like  "  The  Issue,"  which  appeared  in  The 
British  Friend  2J  years  ago,  is  not  allowed  to 
rest,  until  a  Yearly  Meeting  condemnation  of 
it  (and  of  course  of  the  writer  of  it)  has  been 
obtained. 

It  is  the  sensitive  rcpellence  of  inquiry  and 
discussion  regarding  the  propriety  of  new 
teaching  and  methods  that  has  stifled  the 
voice  of  dissent,  until  the  harmony  of  meet- 
ings which  have  set  aside  tho  judgment  of 
half  their  numbers,  or  made  them  withdraw 
altogether  from  the  expression  of  judgment, 
is  published  as  a  remarkable  evidence  of  di- 
vine favor. 

What  acquisition  of  numbers,  unconvinced 
of  our  principles,  can  compensate  for  the  loss 
of  our  most  consistent  members?  What  multi- 
it}-  of  works  can  compensate  for  a  de 
ded  standard  ?  And  what  glorying  in 
sanctification  can  affect  our  fellow-Christians 
and  our  fellow-men  like  the  humble  leaven 
of  holy  lives  and  tender  loving  hearts? 

A.  searching  gaze  is  on  us  from  those  who 
see  our  walk.  The  flower  of  our  youth  who 
are  finding  their  place  and  work  in  the  genera- 
tion following  us  are  testing  the  value  of  the 
legacy  we  are  leaving  them. 

In  the  midst  of  all  the  disorganization  of 
systems,  and  the  disheartening  disclosure  of 
human  frailty,  our  Lord  reigns  over  all,  and 
carries  forward  his  work  in  the  world,  and 
all  that  is  of  Him,  and  all  that  is  like  Him  in 
tho  individual  or  associated  lives  of  his  chil- 
dren, will  tell  to  his  glory  and  the  advance- 
ment of  His  Kingdom  of  Truth  and  Righte- 
ousness. J.  B. 

California. 


An  Evil  Imagination. — I  met  a  man  some 
days  ago  who  said  to  me  he  had  so  injured 
certain  nerves  of  his  eyes — according  to  the 
instruction  of  a  prominent  oculist  by  exces- 
sive smoking  of  tobacco — -that  there  was  con- 
tinually before  his  sight  a  small  black  speck, 
which  lit  upon  everything  he  beheld.  If  he 
look  at  the  bright  sun,  or  fair  moon,  or  beauti- 
ful landscape,  or  white  lily,  or  into  the  face 
of  any  man,  woman  or  child,  there  was  the 
ugly,  deteriorating,  black  spot  caused  by  his 
defective  vision.  It  mattered  not  at  what  or 
whomsoever  he  gazed,  the  first  thing  to  at- 
tract his  thought  was  this  black  spot.  I 
could  but  think  while  listening  to  the  sadly 
afflicted  man,  oh,  how  many  there  are,  who, 
by  an  excessive  use  of  an  evil  imagination, 
have  so  weakened  and,  in  many  cases,  entirely 
destroyed  the  sensitive  organ  of  moral  per- 
ception, that  now  they  can  scarcely  look  upon 
anything  God  has  made,  no  matter  how  fair 
and  sacred  and  holy,  without  beholding  at 
the  same  time  some  black  spot  which  mars 
for  them  the  fair  design.  Let  one  allow  the 
thoughts  to  dwell  frequently  on  that  which 
is  evil,  the  imagination  to  revel  amid  scenes 
that  are  impure  and  unholy,  and  ere  long  the 
vision  of  the  soul  will  become  so  diseased  and 
unable  to  see  aright,  that  it  will  be  far  be- 
yond the  skill  and  power  of  any  human  being 
to  restore  it  to  what  it  was  in  the  davs  of  in- 


nocent childhood.  Only  by  applying  to  the 
divine  Physician  and  continuing  to  anoint, 
the  eyes  with  the  eye-salve  he  has  prescribed, 
can  a  perfect  cure  be  effected.—  G.H.  Bobbins. 


A  Summer  in  the  Azores. 

Having  lately  read  with  pleasure  a  little 
work  entitled  "A  Summer  in  the  Azores,  with 
a  glimpse  of  Madeira,"  it  is  thought  some  ex- 
tracts might  interest  the  readers  of  "The 
Friend.''  The  authoress,  C.  Alice  Baker,  in 
her  preface,  thus  gives  an  apology  for  print- 
ing what  she  calls  "these  fragmentary  im- 
pressions:" "Barely  mentioned  in  the  geogra- 
phies, these  islands  have  hitherto  been  almost, 
neglected  by  the  pleasure-seeker.  The  tide 
of  travel  recently  setting  that  way  warrants 
the  prediction  that  they  will  ere  long  be  re- 
garded as  a  desirable  half-way  station  on  the 
great  highway  of  European  travel.  *  *  * 
In  the  Azores  every  thing  is  novel,  and  noth- 
ing is  new.  The  tired  teacher  finds  here 
enforced  rest  with  continual  diversion  ;  the 
nervous  invalid,  an  engrossing  change  of  scene 
with  absolute  quiet,  no  temptation  to  hurry, 
and  no  excuse  for  worry.  To  the  artist,  tlie 
botanist,  the  geologist,  and  the  philologist, 
they  offer  a  rich  and  almost  unexplored 
field." 

After  a  successful  voyage  of  twenty -six 
days  from  New  Bedford,  on  the  8th  of  Seventh 
month,  1881,  land  was  descried,  and  they  found 
themselves  twenty-five  miles  from  Flores,  the 
most  westerly  island  of  the  Azores,  bearing 
east-south-east.  We  give  the  writer's  own 
words;  "It  looked  like  a  low  cloud-bank  in 
the  horizon.  We  felt  a  renewed  admiration 
for  Columbus:  it  was  such  a  marvel  to  us, 
that,  even  with  all  the  appliances  of  modern 
science  to  navigation,  wo  could  traverse  the 
pathless  deep,  on  the  wings  of  the  wind,  and 
with  unerring  aim  strike  this  bit  of  land  in 
mid-ocean,  hundreds  of  miles  from  every- 
where. 

"The  outline  of  Flores  grew  more  and 
more  distinct, — a  backbone  of  serrated  peaks, 
sloping  on  all  sides  to  the  sea,  and  ending  pre- 
cipitously in  black  and  jagged  cliffs,  against 
which  the  surf  beats  ceaselessly.  The  full 
moon  rose  at  midnight  from  behind  the  tallest 
peak,  illuminating  the  principal  crater  like  a 
new  eruption,  and  revealing  the  volcanic 
character  of  the  island. 

"Land  will  never  again  be  so  enchanting 
as  the  sight  of  these  islands  at  day  break. 
Such  exquisite  delight  as  it  was  to  gaze  once 
more  upon  houses,  green  fields,  and  waving 
grain, — to  see  the  cloud-shadows  chasing  each 
other  on  the  hill-tops,  and  down  the  deep 
ravines. 

"Corvo,  which  is  higher  but  much  smaller 
than  Flores,  lies  ten  miles  to  the  north  of  it. 
It  is  a  single  volcano,  seldom  visited,  and  un- 
inhabited, except  by  a  small  colony  of  Moorish 
descent.  Its  summit  wrapped  in  a  silvery 
mist,  it  lay  in  the  morning  light,  far  and  still 
as  a  spirit-land. 

"  Though  we  were  but  twelve  miles  from 
shore,  there  was  not  breeze  enough  to  take  us 
in.  The  captain's  boat  was  lowered,  and  he 
rowed  off,  leaving  us  to  tack  in  and  out  all 
day,  between  the  two  islands.  As  we  were 
beating  up  behind  Flores,  far  away  from  any 
sign  of  human  habitation,  we  saw  a  thin 
column  of  smoke  ascending  from  a  narrow 
ledge  on  one  of  the  steepest  declivities  of  the 
island.     It   grew    to    a    flame.     '  Some    poor 


140 


THE    FRIEND. 


fellow  wants  to  come  aboard,'  said  the  mate 
To  avoid  the  severity  of  the  conscription  laws 
the  young  men  of  the  Azores  seek  to  escape 
from  the  islands  on  American  vessels.  They 
kindle  a  tire  as  a  signal  for  a  boat.  The}'  are 
taken  on  board  without  passports,  and  stow 
themselves  away  among  the  cargo,  out  of 
sight  of  the  custom-house  officers.  Last  year 
a  thousand  were  carried  off  in  this  way. 

"Late  in  the  afternoon  we  made  the  port 
of  Flores.  Three  or  four  lighters  put  out  for 
the  ship.  These  island  boats  are  made  for 
rough  water,  and  are  so  big  and  heavy  that 
they  look  like  the  dismantled  bulks  of  small 
schooners.  They  are  painted  black  or  a  dingy 
red.  No  two  of  their  four  oars  ever  touch 
the  water  together;  and,  as  they  crawl  clum- 
sily along  in  the  distance,  they  look  like  huge 
water  beetles  struggling  in  the  billows.  The 
oars  are  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  long;  the 
handle  consisting  of  two  crooked  boughs 
spliced  together,  so  large  round  that  they 
cannot  be  clasped  by  the  hands,  and  turning 
on  the  gunwale  by  a  broad  semicircular  piece 
of  plank  with  a  hole  in  it  for  the  thole-pin. 
There  are  two  men  at  each  oar. 

"  Most  of  our  passengers  went  ashore  the 
next  day,  and  returned  bringing  long  sprays 
of  English  ivy,  rare  ferns,  and  handfuls  of 
lantana.  In  the  afternoon  an  Pmglish  captain 
paid  us  a  visit,  His  bark,  '  The  Miaco,'  was 
the  first  vessel  that  passed  through  the  Suez 
Canal.  He  was  hurrying  home  after  a  three 
years  cruise  in  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
waters.  He  left  us  at  the  close  of  a  glorious 
sunset.  We  were  not  anchored,  but,  in  nau- 
tical phrase,  '  laying  off  and  on.'  As  the  twi- 
light deepened,  the  gulls  flew  about  us,  utter- 
ing their  melancholy  cries.  The  lights  went 
up  at  our  bow.  l  The  Miaco'  weighed  anchor. 
Her  sails  gleamed  ghastly  in  the  pallid  light. 
Both  ships  ran  up  their  flags, —  brothers  still 
in  spite  of  revolution  and  secession  days. 
'  The  Miaco'  glided  close  to  our  quarter,  and 
silently  dropped  astern  of  us,  homeward  bound, 
and  we — whither? 

"  12th.  With  fair  winds,  the  run  between 
Flores  and  Fayal  can  be  made  in  twenty-four 
hours.  On  one  occasion  a  Boston  bark  was 
eight  days  becalmed  between  the  two  islands. 
We  were  favored  however;  and  thirty-six 
hours  after  leaving  Flores  we  drifted  slowly 
with  the  tide  into  the  harbor  of  Horta,  the 
chief  town  and  sea-port  of  Fayal." 


The  "Pearl  of  Great  Price." 

"Could  all  the  gratifications  the  most  un- 
bounded imagination  could  conceive  of,  or 
desire,  be  bestowed  in  full  perfection,  the  pos- 
sessor would  be  poor,  compared  with  one  in 
the  blessed  inheritance  of  a  conscience  void 
of  offence,  the  peace  which  the  world  neither 
gives  nor  takes  away." — T.  Kite. 

At  seasons  I  feel  a  degree  of  consolation 
and  Divine  peace,  that  cannot  be  expressed 
in  words,  which  I  would  not  exchange  for  a 
thousand  times  the  treasures  of  both  the  In- 
dies ;  in  comparison  of  which  I  should  esteem, 
I  do  esteem,  crowns  and  sceptres  but  as  dross. 
— Jno.  Thorp. 

"  You  can  never  catch  the  word  that  has 
gone  out  of  your  lips;  once  spoken  it  is  out  of 
your  reach — do  your  best,  you  can  never  re- 
call it — therefore  take  care  of  whal  you  say. 


.never  speak  an  unkind  word,  an  impure  word, 
a  lying  word,  or  a  profane  word." 


LUTHER'S  HYMN. 
A  mountain  fastness  is  our  God  ! 

On  which  onr  souls  are  planted  : 
And  though  the  tierce  toe  rage  abroad, 
Our  hearts  are  nothing  daunted. 
What  though  he  beset, 
With  weapon  and  net, 
Array'd  in  death-strife? 
In  God  are  help  and  fife: 
He  is  our  Sword  and  Armor. 

By  our  own  might  we  naught  can  do; 

To  trust  it  were  sure  losing  ; 
For  us  must  tight  the  right  and  true, 
The  Man  of  God's  own  choosing. 
Dost  ask  for  his  Name? 
Christ  Jesus  we  claim  ; 
The  Lord  God  of  hosts; 
Theonlv  God:  vain  boasts 
Of  others  fall  before  Him. 

What  though  the  troops  of  Satan  fill'd 

The  world  with  hostile  forces  ? 
E'en  then  our  fears  should  all  be  still'd  ; 
In  God  are  our  resources. 

The  world  and  its  king 
No  terror  can  bring: 
Their  threats  are  no  worth  ; 
Their  doom  is  now  gone  forth  ; 
A  single  word  can  quell  them. 

God's  word  through  all  shall  have  free  sway 

And  ask  no  man's  permission  : 
The  Spirit  and  His  gifts  convey 
Strength  to  defy  perdition. 
The  body  to  kill, 
Wife,  children,  at  will, 
The  wicked  have  power  ; 
Yet  lasts  it  but  an  hour  ! 
The  Kingdom  's  ours  forever  ! 

To  Father,  Son  and  Holy  Ghost, 

Forever  be  outpouring 
One  chorus  from  the  heavenly  Host, 
And  saints  on  earth  adoring! 
That  chorus  resound 
To  earth's  utmost  bound; 
And  spread  from  shore  to  shore. 
Like  stormy  ocean's  roar, 
Through  endless  ages  rolling. 

THE  HOPE  BEYOND. 

And  the  soul  of  the  people  was  much  discouraged 
because  of  the  way." — Numbers  xxi.  4. 
How  often,  forgetting  the  crown, 

And  the  palm,  and  the  victor's  array, 
In  sackcloth  we  choose  to  sit  down, 

"  Discouraged  because  of  the  way  !" 

Disheartened  because  of  the  foe; 

And  weary  of  bearing  the  cross; 
Cast  down  when  the  brooks  cease  to  flow  ; 

And  the  gold  is  obscured  by  its  dross  ! 

Then  the  cross  is  a  burden  and  grief, 

And  thy  yoke  is  a  toil  and  a  care ; 
Though  'lis  only  our  own  disbelief 

Which  makes  them  so  heavy  to  bear. 

now  often  to  Marah  we  flee, 

And  there  pitch  our  tent  in  the  waste; 

Forgetting  the  marvellous  "tree"* 
Which  maketh  it  sweet  to  the  taste! 

We  pine  for  the  blessings  foregone, 

While  still  beside  Marah  we  dwell ; 
Through  to  Elim  we  ought  to  press  on, 

And  be  counting  each  palm-tree  and  well.t 

Soon  the  shoes  shall  be  loosed  from  the  feet, 
And  the  staff" shall  be  dropped  from  the  hand; 

And  the  wilderness  manna,  ho  sweet, 
Shall  be  changed  for  the  "corn  of  the  land."J 

Then  grace  shall  with  glory  be  crowned, 

And  night  shall  dissolve  into  day: 
Oh!  the  country  for  which  we  are  bound, 

Is  worth  all  the  griefs  of  the  way  ! 


sod  « 


t  Exo.li 


"Pray  ye  that  your  Plight  be  not  in  the  , 
Winter." 

Win.  M.  Thomson  in  The  Land  and  The\ 
Book,  describes  an  experience  which  illustrates] 
the  force  of  this  advice  of  our  Saviour.  It  oc- 
curred in  the  part  of  Palestine  north  of  Lake 
Tiberias  and  near  the  southern  extremity  of'j 
Mount  Hermon  and  the  Anti-Lebanon  range. 
He  says  : — I  was  once  here  with  the  Countess} 
of  Schlieffer  and  her  son,  when  the  ground! 
was  frozen  hard,  and  flying  clouds  pelted  usj 
with  sleet  and  snow.  Eighteen  hundred  and) 
forty-nine  had  been  swept  away  by  a  wild 
winter  storm,  and  the  new  year  came  in  clear  j 
and  cold.  Our  German  friends,  who  had  been 
detained  for  a  month  by  sickness,  had  left  usj 
a  few  days  before,  carrying  the  servant-maidj 
on  a  litter.  As  it  began  to  rain  violently 
soon  after  they  started,  we  were  quite  anxious! 
about  them  ;  and  early  one  morning  I  set  off  I 
in  search  of  them. 

At  Kula'at  I  found  the  countess  and  her 
party  in  dire  confusion.  After  leaving  Has-j 
beiya,  the  men  hired  to  carry  the  sick  maidj 
set  down  the  litter  in  the  mud  and  ran  away.l 
The  rain  fell  in  torrents,  and  the  count  wasl 
obliged  to  summon,  in  the  name  of  the  govern- 
ment, the  population  of  Kula'at  to  their  as- 
sistance. Thej-  finally  reached  that  village 
about  dark.  There  they  had  been  detained  | 
ever  since  by  the  storm,  and  in  filthy  and 
uncomfortable  quarters.  Not  being  able 
procure  carriers,  the  dragoman  had  left,  two! 
days  before,  for  Safed,  to  hire  porters  froml 
that  place.  That  morning,  however,  twelve 
men  had  offered  to  take  the  maid  to  Hunin 
for  three  hundred  piasters,  and  the  count  had 
set  off  with  them,  leaving  his  mother  and  the 
chaplain  to  come  on  as  best  they  could. 

It  was  then  after  twelve  o'clock,  and  but! 
little  progress  had  been  made  in  preparation.  I 
They  were  surrounded  by  a  rude,  screaming! 
and  quarrelling  mob,  and  the  countess  begged! 
me  to  come  to  her  assistance,  as  she  could  not! 
talk  a  word  with  the  people,  nor  comprehend  j 
the  cause  of  the  noise  and  delay.  After  an  j 
amount  of  reasoning  and  rebuke,  the  refrac-1 
tory  muleteers  loaded  their  animals  and  wel 
set  off — a  party  of  about  forty,  with  horses,  J 
mules  and  donkeys. 

Just  before  reaching  the  castle  of  Hunin  J 
we  overtook  Count  William  and  his  party  I 
with  the  sick  maid,  who  had  been  all  day  in 
making  a  distance  of  nine  miles.  Hunin  is 
inhabited  by  an  inhospitable  and  insolent  set. 
But  the  firman  of  the  Sultan,  with  which  the 
count  was  provided,  and  the  stringent  orders 
of  the  pasha,  were  not  to  be  resmted.  The] 
sheikh  gave  up  his  own  room  to  the  countess 
and  her  sick  maid,  while  a  poor  widow  vacated 
her  habitation — about  twelve  feet  square 
for  the  gentlemen.  The  loads  began  to  come 
n,  and  by  dark  all  had  arrived  except  the 
cook  and  his  company. 

Having  waited  until  after  nightfall  for  the 
missing  cook  and  his  party,  we  roused  the 
village  to  go  in  search  of  them.  They  were 
soon  found  and  brought  in  safely.  Both  they 
ind  the  chaplain  had  been  stopped  by  Arabs, 
and  compelled  to  pay  Bedawin  toll  before 
they  were  allowed  to  pass.  It  was  then  very 
old  and  dark.  The  wind  bowled  over  the 
mountain,  and  the  clouds  pelted  us  with  rain 
and  snow  whenever  we  ventured  out  of  our 
treat.  With  great  noise  and  confusion  we 
got  the  baggage  slowed  in  the  room  of  the 
ountess.  and  the  forty  animals  crowded  into 


THE    FRIEND. 


141 


a  large  vault  of  the  old  castle,  and  fed,  amidst 
uproar,  kicking  and  fighting,  in  total  dark- 
ness. By  ten  o'clock  the  cook  had  prepared 
some  kind  of  dinner,  and  we  spent  an  hour  in 
talking  over  the  adventures  of  the  day  and 
night.  Then  we  laid  down  in  our  clothes 
and  muddy  boots,  cold  and  wet,  and  tried  to 
sleep. 

Morning  came  at  last.  Our  friends  set  off 
for  Safed,  and  I  returned  to  Hasbciya.  It  is 
riot  easy  to  exaggerate  the  hardships  and 
even  dangers  which  travellers  sometimes  en- 
counter in  the  winter  season.  Tents  cannot 
be  used,  and  such  parties  are  therefore  at  the 
mercy  of  the  rude  and  mercenary  peasants. 
The  amount  of  money  which  the  countess 
spent  could  not  have  boen  less  than  fifty 
dollars  a  day,  and  yet  the  discomforts  of  her 
situation  were  enough  to  drive  anyone  to 
despair.  The  houses  are  not  fit  to  put  pigs 
in,  and  every  door-yard  is  full  of  mire  and 
filth.  Through  that  one  must  flounder,  and 
into  it  the  baggage  will  be  tumbled.  To  add 
to  the  perplexity  and  distress,  the  villagers  of 
every  age  and  sex,  throng  around  like  bees, 
and  laugh  instead  of  rendering  any  assistance. 
The  poor  are  begging,  and  all  are  demanding 


depends  upon  the  orderly  and  law-abiding 
conduct  of  each  citizen,  and  as  fast  as  the  peo- 
ple advance  in  thoughtfulness  and  wisdom, 
they  become  willing  to  submit  to  such  re- 
strictions as  are  found  needful.  As  intelli- 
gence increases,  despotism  declines,  and  as 
true  liberty  becomes  better  understood,  the 
necessity  for  certain  restraints  becomes  re- 
cognized and  admitted. 

The  wise  and  wholesome  restraints  of  pa- 
rental love,  of  family  ties,  of  a  good  govern- 
ment, of  public  opinion,  and  even  of  social 
observances,  are  the  best  possible  prepara- 
tions for  that  self-restraint  which  is  the  rock 
on  which  all  true  liberty  is  built.  No  slavery 
is  so  abject  and  humiliating  as  that  which 
chains  us  in  servile  obedience  to  our  own  ap- 
petites and  passions,  and  no  power  on  earth 
can  free  us  from  such  bonds  except  the  power 
of  self-restraint.  This  power  like  all  others 
is  developed  by  continual  exercise,  and  he 
who  resists  or  contemns  all  external  restraints, 
shuts  himself  out  from  this  development.  The 
capacity  of  yielding  to  wise  restraint  always 
leads  to  the  capacitj-  for  self-restraint.  Look 
at  the  progress  of  the  youth  who  has  always 
been    indulged    in    every    whim    and    never 


bakshish  for  contributing  their  share  to  the' thwarted  in  any  desire.  He  grows  up  selfish 
intolerable  annoyance.  The  count  and  his  and  disagreeable,  and  though  he  may  fancy 
large  party  went  through  all  that,  and  the  he  enjoys  liberty,  he  really  knows  nothing  of 
marvel  was  that  the  sick  maid  survived  it,  it.  For  although  he  may  bend  his  will  to  no 
recovered  and  returned  to  Germany.  The1  one;  though  he  may  defy  all  attempts  to  in- 
countess  remarked  that  she  needed  no  other  fluence  him  ;  though  he  may  break  through 
illustration  of  the  admonition,  "  Pray  ye  that  the  barriers  of  public  opinion,  and  disregard 

of  society,   he  yet  bows  in  servile 


the  law 

subjection  to  his  inclinations,  he  yields  th 
reins  to  his  passions,  ho  is  conquered  and  rid- 


your  flight  be  not  in  the  winter." 

Liberty  and  Restraint. 

In  these  days  of  unmixed  adoration  of ' den  over  by  appetite  or  ambition,  he  h 
liberty,  we  are  often  disposed  to  look  upon  power  to  guide  or  to  control  his  lower  nature, 
restraint  as  its  natural  enemy,  and  as  such  to'  and  thus  DC  becomes  a  slave  in  the  worst  pos- 
regard  it  with  impatience  and  dislike.  Thus'sib'e  sense,  and  to  the  worst  possible  master. 
there  is  a  frequent  chafing  against  all  kinds1  0n  tbe  othel"  hand,  the  loving  discipline  of 
of  restraint,  even  the  most  wholesome  and  home, teachingtheyouth gradually butsteadi- 
necessary.  The  youth  resents  the  restraints \]7  l0  curb  uis  temper  and  control  his  desires 
of  home  and  school;  the  law-breaker  thosej— tbe  wise  restraintsof  school  or  college  train- 
of  government ;  some  would  break  loose  from  "'g  him  to  habits  of  concentration  and  devel- 
the  bonds  of  marriage  ;  others,  in  the  name  °Pirig  mental  power— the  mild  laws  of  a  good 
of  liberty,  would  use  the  press,  or  the  mails,i  government  enforcing  equal  rights  for  all  her 
or  the  public  hall,  to  corrupt  and  debase  thej  citizens^all  tend  to  fit  him  to  understand  and 
young   and   ignorant.     And    there    are   not  t0_?!1J°7  real  liberty. 


wanting  those  who,  without  an}-  vicious  de- 
sires or  evil  intentions,  yet  gravely  advocate 
the  removal  of  all  restraints,  and  actually  be- 
lieve that  such  a  course  would  reflect  honor 
and  insure  benefit  to  mankind. 


While,  then,  we  honor  freedom,  and  rightly 
work  for  it,  let  us  also  honor  wise  and  just  re- 
straints, and  willingly  submit  to  them,  know- 
ing that,  as  the  dignity  and  sublimity  of  the 
universe  depends  upon  the  obedience  of  every 


obedience  to  the  laws  which  preserve  and  up- 
hold society. 

"Entice  the  trusty  Sun,  if  that  you  can, 
From  his  ecliptic  line  ;  beckon  the  Sky, 
Who  lives  by  rule  then,  keeps  good  company." 

— Public  Ledger. 


In  all  this  there  is  an  utter  disregard  of  the  planet  to  the  laws  which  sustain  it,  so  ou 
Seat  truth  that  restraint  and  liberty  go  hand!  highest  perfection  depends  upon  our  glad 
in  hand  in  the  development  of  character.  In- '  "K 
deed,  without  the  former  the  latter  is  impos- 
sible. Tbe  higher  we  ascend  in  the  animal 
creation  the  more  power  of  restraint  do  we 
see  manifested,  and  the  more  honor  do  we  in- 
stinctively pay.  The  horse  and  tbe  dog  are 
at  once  the  most  intelligent  and  tbe  most  ca- 
pable of  restraint  of  all  the  lower  animals,  and 
the  two  qualities  arc  seldom  dissociated.  In 
human  races  the  most  barbarous  and  least  in- 
telligent are  amenable  to  no  restraint  but  that 
of  force.  They  may  be  crushed  by  tyranny, 
or  bent  by  the  stern  hand  of  despotism,  but 
of  wise  restraint,  of  submission  to  law  and 
order,  of  the  government  of  their  passions  or 
impulses,  they  know  as  little  as  they  do  of 
true  liberty.  As  civilization  advances,  and 
as  freedom  becomes  better  understood,  in 
that  very  proportion  does  the  value  of  re- 
straint become  recognized.  Intelligence  dis- 
covers that  the  happiness  of  the  community 


Peclestrianism. — The  Earl  of  Home,  early 
last  century,  gave  his  footman  a  commission, 
towards  the  close  of  the  day,  to  proceed  from 
Home  Castle  in  Berwickshire  to  Edinburgh, 
a  distance  of  thirty-five  miles,  in  order  to  de- 
liver a  letter  of  high  political  importance. 
Early  next  morning,  when  he  entered  the 
hall,  he  saw  the  man  sleeping  on  a  bench,  and 
was  proceeding  to  some  rash  act,  thinking  he 
had  neglected  his  duty,  when  the  footman 
awoke,  and  gave  the  Earl  the  answer  to  his 
letter.  Lord  Home  was  equally  surprised 
and  gratified  with  the  man's  amazing  powers 
of  speed. — Chambers'  Journal. 


Nothing  New  under  the  Sun. — As  we  wander 
through  the  houses  of  Pompeii — where  the 
paintings  are  yet  bright  on  the  walls,  and  we 
may  walk  around  their  gardens  and  see  their 
dried-up  fountains — one  seems  to  hear  the 
book  of  Eevelation  sounding  in  one's  ears,  and 
a  voice  saying,  "Behold,  I  make  all  things 
new  !" 

Those  old  Pompeiians  were  very  modern. 
There  is  nothing  new  under  the  sun.  They 
had  folding-doors  and  hot-water  urns;  they 
put  gratings  to  their  windows  and  made  rock- 
eries in  their  gardens ;  their  steel-yards  are 
exactly  like  those  your  own  cheese-monger 
uses  to  weigh  his  Cheddars  and  Glosters. 
Their  children  had  toys  like  ours — bears, 
lions,  pigs,  cats,  dogs,  made  of  clay,  and  some- 
times serving  as  jugs  also.  Poor  children  ! 
poor  mothers!  How  did  they  fare  in  those 
three  days  of  darkness  and  dismay? 

People  wrote  on  walls  and  cut  their  names 
on  seats,  just  as  we  do  now.  They  kept  birds 
in  cages.  In  Naples  to-day,  as  you  walk 
along  the  Chiaja,  you  may  find  yourself  in  the 
midst  of  a  herd  of  goats,  with  bells  around 
their  necks,  exactly  like  those  in  the  Museum. 
They  gave  tokens  at  the  doors  of  their  places 
of  entertainment — the  people  in  the  gallery 
had  pigeons  made  of  a  sort  of  terra  cotta. 
They  put  lamps  inside  of  the  hollow  eyes  of 
the  masks  that  adorned  their  fountains.  They 
even  made  grottos  of  shells  ;  vulgarity  itself 
is  ancient. 

They  ate  sausages  and  hung  up  strings  of 
onions.  They  had  stands  for  public  vehicles, 
and  the  school-master  used  a  birch  to  the 
dunces.  They  put  stepping-stones  across  the 
roads,  that  the  dainty  young  patrician  gentle- 
men and  the  pursy  old  senators  might  hot  soil 
their  gilded  sandals.  It  was  never  cold  enough 
for  their  pipes  to  burst,  but  they  turned  their 
water  on  and  off  with  taps,  and  their  cook- 
shops  bad  marble  counters.  They  clapped 
their  offenders  into  the  stocks:  two  gladiators 
wore  kept  there  for  1,800  years! 

When  their  crockery  broke  they  riveted  it. 
At  Hcrculaneum  there  is  a  huge  wine-jar  half 
buried  in  the  earth.  It  has  been  badly  broken, 
but  is  so  neatly  riveted — with  many  rivets — 
that  it  no  doubt  held  the  wine  as  well  as  ever. 
Those  rivets  have  lasted  1,800  years  !  It  is  a 
strange  thing  to  think  about.  What  would 
the  housewife  have  said  if  some  one  had  told 
her  that  her  cracked  pot  would  outlast  the 
Roman  Empire  ? — Sunday  at  Home. 


Presence  of  mind. — An  officer  in  the  British 
service  in  India,  when  arriving  one  morning 
at  the  arsenal,  which  was  under  his  charge, 
found  one  of  his  subordinates  out  of  his  mind, 
walking  about  a  magazine  of  ammunition 
smoking  a  large  cigar."  Quietly  entering  into 
conversation  with  the  lunatic,  he  walked 
slowly  with  him  torwards  the  door,  and  once 
outside,  he  snatched  the  cigar  away  and 
crushed  it  between  has  bands  until  every 
spark  was  extinguished. — Chambers'  Journal. 

For  *'  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Geographical  Distribution  of  Plants. — This 
was  the  last  of  the  series  of  Michaux  Botani- 
cal Lectures,  delivered  at  Fairmount  Park, 
Philadelphia,  by  Professor  Bothrock.  Tho 
lecturer  said  we  habitually  recognize  differen- 
ces in  the  character  of  vegetation  when  we 
speak  of  tropical,  temperate  or  Arctic  plants. 


142 


THE    FRIEND. 


Even  the  most  uneducated  mind  cannot  avoid 
contrasting  the  rank  luxuriance  and  vast  leaf 
expansion  which  are  so  characteristic  of  the 
equatorial  lands  with  the  hard  and  dwarfed 
vegetation  of  polar  or  Alpine  regions.  To  ex- 
plain these  differences  some  have  supposed 
that  each  particular  kind  of  plant  was  created 
as  we  find  it  and  where  we  find  it ;  others  be- 
lieving that  all  the  different  kinds  of  plants 
have  descended  from  a  very  few  primal  forms, 
and  that  the  progeny  has  in  the  long  course 
of  ages,  wandered  from  the  original  home  and 
changed  into  a  multitude  of  new  forms  under 
the  influence  of  varied  climates  and  soils  as  it 
was  migrating.  There  are  reasons  for  either 
belief,  as  there  are  also  for  a  compromise  be- 
tween the  two  opinions. 

That  plants  do  change  their  locations  is  be- 
yond question.  We  see  it  going  on  before  our 
eyes.  The  long-tailed  and  plumed  seed  of  the 
Virgin's  Bower  (clematis):  the  leaf-like  ap- 
pendage to  the  seed  vessels  of  the  Linden  ; 
the  wings  to  the  seed  of  Pines,  Ashes  and 
Maples  are  contrivances  intended  to  aid  in 
dispersion  of  seeds  by  the  wind.  The  light- 
ness of  some  seeds  associated  with  a  mass  of 
hair  often  affords  a  most  efficient  means  of 
effecting  their  wide  dispersion.  Illustrating 
this,  we  have  Thistle  and  Dandelion  down. 
The  seeds  of  the  Milkweed,  Cotton-grass,  Wil- 
lows and  Poplars  show  the  same  thing. 

Plants  ma}'  be  dispersed  by  currents  of 
water,  which  cany  the  seeds  long  distances 
and  then  land  them  on  such  spots  as  allow 
their  growth  and  increase.  Water  plants  es- 
pecially illustrate  this  mode  of  dispersion. 
We  ma}'  almost  regard  this  as  their  natural 
mode.  .  Land  plants  are  often  so  dispersed  by 
some  chance  which  places  their  seeds  in  a 
current  of  water.  It  is  quite  probable  that 
many  islands  in  the  ocean  owe  their  vegeta- 
tion to  such  accident.  The  agency  of  animals 
in  distributingseedsis  very  important.  There 
appear  to  be  special  contrivances  for  the  pur- 
pose of  aiding  in  this.  Thus,  the  hooks  and 
the  barbs  which  are  found  on  the  seeds  or  the 
seed  envelopes  of  the  Cocklebur  or  the  Tick- 
Trefoil  ;  or,  the  Spanish  Needles  ami  the  Beg- 
gars' Ticks,  are  all  illustrations  of  this.  Some 
of  the  commonest  weeds  of  cultivation  owe 
their  rapid  spread  thus  to  animal  agency. 
Other  plants  have  in  themselves  the  means 
of  their  dispersion.  The  Touch-mc-Not,  by 
the  elasticity  of  portions  of  the  seed  vessels, 
throw  theseeds  to  considerable  distances  from 
the  parent  plant.  Railroads  often  disperse 
seeds  widely  which  have  come  into  the  coun- 
try on  imported  goods.  Thus  without  our 
designing  it,  these  highways  of  travel  fre- 
quently give  unwelcome  additions  to  the  flora 
of  the  regions  through  which  they  run. 

What  prevents  ail  plants  from  spreading 
over  the  entire  globe?  There  are  two  reasons 
— first,  unfavorable  climate,  and  second,  a 
preoccupation  of  the  soil  may  prevent  a  new- 
comer from  gaining  a  foothold  in  aland  unless 
specially  adapted  to  the  new  situation.  He- 
fore  a  plant  or  a  seed  can  begin  to  grow  at 
all  it  is  requisite  that  I  he  air  have  a  certain 
temperature;  before  it  can  llowcr  a  definite 
increase  of  beat  must  be  hail,  and  a  still 
further  increase  before  it  can  ripen  its  fruit. 
These  temperatures  vary  for  different  plants, 
but  appear  to  be  quite  constant  for  the  same 
species  wherever  found.  This  being  the  case, 
one  can  well  understand  the  importance  of 
temperature  in  limiting  vegetable  distribu- 
tion.    Taking  a  mountain   at  the  level  of  the 


sea,  if  it  be  possible,  in  equatorial  regions,  one 
may  by  ascending  its  slope  from  the  base  to 
the  summit  pass  through  the  following  zones 
of  vegetation  :  1st,  palms;  2nd,  banana,  bread 
fruit  and  date  palm  ;  3d,  coffee,  sugar  and  cot- 
ton ;  4th,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grapes;  5th, 
barley  and  oats;  6th,  birches;  7th,  lichens. 
These  zones  correspond  with  those  observed 
in  going  from  the  equator  toward  the  poles. 
Hence,  then  one  can  see  that  latitude  and  al- 
titude come  to  be  the  measure  of  each  other. 
For  the  Western  coast  of  Europe  it  has  been 
estimated  that  267  feet  of  altitude  produces 
as  much  change  in  the  flora  as  going  north 
one  degree  of  latitude  would  do,  and  in  trop- 
ical America  the  same  result  is  gained  by  an 
elevation  of  328  feet.  The  action  upon  each 
other  of  man  and  the  cereal  grains  has  been  re- 
ciprocal ;  for  while  he  has  carried  them  around 
the  globe,  they  have  aided  in  raising  the 
human  race  from  uncivilized  wandering  herds- 
men to  civilized  communities,  which  remain 
stationary  and  hence  produce  the  works  of 
art,  the  wonders  of  architecture,  and  the  set- 
tled habits  upon  which  high  mental  character, 
or  great  national  strength,  "in  the  long  run," 
depend. 

For  a  long  time  observers  were  puzzled  to 
explain  how  certain  of  the  common  Northern 
plants  came  to  be  found  in  isolated  points  far 
south  of  their  central  home.  It  appears  now 
to  be  proven  that  these  plants  along  with  the 
rest  of  the  Northern  flora  were  driven  south- 
ward by  the  advancing  mass  ot  ice  which 
covered  a  large  portion  of  our  continent  as  far 
south  as  the  40th  parallel,  in  what  is  known 
to  geologists  as  the  glacial  period.  When  a 
warmer  temperature  came  the  icy  mass  grad- 
ually disappeared  from  the  whole  region  south 
of  Greenland  and  these  polar  plants  could 
only  here  and  there  find  in  southern  latitudes 
situations  which  were  cold  enough  to  thrive 
in.  So  we  understand  how  one  of  the  house- 
leek  group  (Sedum  Rhodiola),  has  been  found 
in  Labrador,  Nova  Scotia.  Pennsylvania,  and 
in  Roan  Mountains  in  North  Carolina.  The 
present  distribution  of  plants  is  but  the  last 
chapter  of  a  long  history.  Sometimes  a  single 
species  furnishes  a  paragraph  which  starts 
some  new  problem  in  the  past  of  our  globe. 
Thus  the  Scotch  Heather,  which  is  now  found 
in  Massachusetts,  has  also  been  found  sur- 
vivingin  Nova  Scotia,  Prince  Edward's  Island, 
Newfoundland,  Iceland  and  the  British  Is- 
lands, and  suggests  very  strongly  a  continuity 
of  land  in  former  times  between  Northern 
Europe  and  America.  Its  present  stations 
being  mere  land-marks  left  along  the  route 
of  its  migration,  just  as  the  early  civilizing 
Aryans  in  their  march  have  left  the  traces  of 
their  advance  in  the  language  of  the  lands 
through  which  they  passed. 

Bed  Sunrises  and  Sunsets. — Prof.  Brooks, 
of  the  Red  House  Observatory  at  Phelps, 
New  York,  while  searching  for  comets  near 
the  sun,  on  the  evening  of  11th  month  28tb, 
discovered  a  wonderful  shower  of  telescopic 
meteors,  some  moving  southward  and  others 
northward.  He  believes  the  display  has  some 
connection  with  the  remarkable  red  light  seen 
at  sunrise  and  sunset  for  several  days,  and 
that  the  earth  is  passing  through  a  mass  of 
meteoric  dust,  or  is  enveloped  in  the  tail  of  a 
gigantic  comet. 

A  South  Polar  Expedition.— It  is  stated  that 
Prof.  Nordenskjold,  the  Swedish  Arctic  Ex- 
plorer,  is  planning  an  expedition  to  the  South 


Orchids. — This  peculiar  family  of  plants  is  j 
found  in  almost  every  quarter  of  the  globe. 
The  latest  calculation  of  the  number  of  dis- 
tinct species  is  stated  to  be  no  fewer  than 
6000.  With  the  exception  of  the  compound 
flowers,  they  are  the  most  numerous  family 
in  the  vegetable  world. 

The  cultivation  of  these  has  wonderfully 
increased  within  a  few  years,  and  no  expense 
is  spared  in  purchasing  new  or  rare  sorts. 
Many  British,  Continental  and  American 
nurserymen  keep  trained  collectors  who  ran- 
sack the  forests  of  Mexico  and  Brazil,  the 
highlands  of  New  Grenada  and  of  India,  the 
jungles  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  and  the  arid 
valleys  of  the  Australian  continent,  in  search 
of  popular  kinds.  Cargoes  are  weekly  arriv- 
ing at  the  great  central  port  of  London  from 
North  and  South  America,  from  South  Africa 
or  Southern  Asia. 

The  orchids  are  especially  remarkable  for 
the  peculiarity  of  their  flowers,  many  of  which 
bear  a  striking  resemblance  to  insects  and 
other  objects,  and  others  are  among  the  most 
beautiful  of  floral  productions.  These  resem- 
blances are  indicated  by  their  popular  names, 
such  as  the  Fly  orchis,  the  Bee  orchis,  the 
Spider  orchis,  the  Butterfly  orchis,  the  Ladies' 
Slipper,  &c. 

The  Ladies'  Slipper  (Cypripedium  specta- 
bile),  of  North  American  swamps,  is  of  an 
unapproachable  tint  of  rose  on  a  setting  of 
clearest  white.  [Never  was  the  botanical 
enthusiasm  of  the  writer  more  vividly  excit- 
ed than  upon  finding  a  group  of  perhaps  100 
of  these  lovely  plants  in  full  bloom  within  a 
radius  of  about  twenty-five  feet  in  a  swamp 
in  the  woods  near  Trenton  Falls,  New  York.] 
High  upon  tree-tops,  in  the  land  of  the  Incas, 
the  "  Flower  of  May"  {Loelia  majalis)  appears 
as  a  nebulous  cloud  of  grayish  satin.  The 
monkeys  of  Brazilian  forests  swing  and  lea]) 
and  chatter  in  the  midst  of  twisting,  drooping 
orchids — yellows  to  be  dreamed  of,  wonder- 
ful chocolates,  and  the  most  delicate  of  lilacs. 
From  Java  and  the  Phillipine  Islands  come 
the  exquisitely  lovely  Moth  orchids.  And  so 
we  might  continue  to  write  of  any  number  of 
others  worth  mentioning. 

The  structure  of  the  orchid  flowers  is  such 
that  it  is  impossible  for  an  insect  to  introduce 
its  proboscis  into  the  nectary  without  its  headi 
coming  in  contact  with  the  viscid  disc  to  i 
which  the  anther  is  attached,  and  which  im- 
mediately glues  itself  to  the  insect's  head. 
The  next  flower  visited  by  the  insect  receives 
the  pollen  of  the  anther  on  its  stigma,  which 
is  thus  fertilized,  and  the  plant  is  thus  enabled 
to  perfect  its  seeds.  This  insect  aid  appears 
to  be  essential — and  the  absence  of  the  proper 
insects  in  our  hot  houses,  is  one  cause  of  the 
necessity  of  constantly  obtaining  fresh  sup 
plies  of'these  wonderful,  beautiful  and  curious 
plants' from  their  native  climates.  One  spe 
oieBitbe  Angrcecumsesquipedah  tof  Madagascar 
has  its  nectary  at  the  base  of  a  horn-like  pouch 
measuring  nearly  a  foot  from  its  mouth  to  its 
lower  end.  A  species  of  moth  has  been  found 
possessed  of  a  proboscis  long  enough  to  ex- 
tract the  sweets  from  the  nectary.  This  pro- 
boscis is  kept  coiled  up,  and  extended  only  \ 
when  needed.  The  well  known  Vanilla  is  a 
species  of  orchid. —  Condensed  from  Chambers' 
Journal. 


Items. 

In   a  suit    for  separation 
u  wife  against  her  husband 


THE    FRIEND. 


143 


minister — among  other  charges  it  was  stated,  that 
at  family  prayer  "he  would  often  crawl  across  the 
floor  on  his  knees,  keeping  up  his  prayer  all  the 
while,  and  administering  blows  to  his  children  for 
supposed  inattention." 

The  Christian  Advocate  judiciously  remarks; 
"This  method  can  hardly  be  commended." 
It  certainly  seems  to  us  inconsistent  with 
that  reverence  which  ought  to  clothe  the 
mind  when  engaged  in  the  solemn  act  of 
prayer.  But  when  a  person  attempts  to  per- 
form such  an  act  at  stated  times,  it  may  often 
be  the  case,  that  the  mind  is  under  no  proper 
feeling  of  solemnity. 

—Religions  of  India.— The  census  of  1882  giv 
the  population  of  British  India,  in  round  figures,  as 
2o.~>,00(  1,000  ;  of  these,  the  various  sects  and  castes  of 
Hindoos  make  up  18x,ooo,ooo ;  the  Mohammedans, 
50,000,000;  and  the  Christians  (exclusive  of  persons 
of  European  nationality!,  1,862,634,  of  whom  about 
one-half  are  Roman  Catholics.  The  number  pro- 
fessing Christianity  has  largely  increased  in  the  last 
ten  years. 

— An  Evening  Meeting  foe  W'orx/iiji  during  Indiana 
Yearly  Meeting. — Under  this  heading,  The  London 
Friend  publishes  an  account  of  one  of  the  Devotional 
Meetings  held  at  Richmond  during  the  time  of  the 
late  Yearly  Meeting.  It  was  taken  from  a  letter  to 
her  friends  at  home  written  by  M.  A.  Marriage  Al- 
len, an  English  Friend  who  was  present,  anil  who 
writes  approvingly  of  what  she  saw.  After  men- 
tioning various  persons  who  prayed,  sang,  spoke  or 
read  to  the  people,  she  says:  "I  should  have  pre- 
ferred a  little  silence  between  the  addresses,  but 
there  was  none,  and  sometimes  when  a  Friend 
wishes  to  speak,  he  or  she  gets  up  before  the  hymns 
sire  concluded.  All  speak  with  their  Bibles  in  their 
hands."  "  The  singing  was  not  congregational ; 
any  who  felt  it  right,  started  a  hymn,  and  we  had 
one  after  nearly  every  address."  "The  ministers, 
many  of  them,  joined  in  also,  made  responses  or] 
signified  their  assent  and  approval,  during  the  ad- 
dresses and  prayer;  it  seemed  to  me  like  a  good 
Salvation  Army  meeting,  only  better  than  any  I1 
have  ever  attended,  and  without  themusic."  "Dur-1 
ing  singing,  an  aged  woman  Friend  near  the  top  of 
the  meeting,  knelt  down,  and  with  tears  prayed  for 
salvation;  another  knelt  beside  her  and  talked  to 
her,  and  then  nearly  all  the  meeting  knelt." 

Such  meetings,  in  which  there  is  no  evi- 
dence of  waiting  on  the  Lord  for  the  help  of 
his  Spirit  in  order  to  perform  true  worship, 
but  where  the  proceedings  are  calculated  to 
kindle  an  artificial  excitement,  show  a  wide 
departure  from  primitive  Quakerism.  They 
throw  light  on  the  language  used  by  a  valued 
member  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting,  who 
stated  recently  in  a  letter  to  the  Editor,  "I 
doubt  whether  I  shall  ever  attend  another 
[Yearly  Meeting]  of  ours  at  Richmond.  It 
seems  like  giving  a  more  public  acknowledg- 
ment to  that  in  which  I  have  lost  confidence, 
than  I  at  present  feel  easy  to  do." 

—  The  International  Arbitration  (  bnrention. — The 
object  of  this  convention,  which  met  in  Philadelphia 
in  the  27th  and  28th  of  11th  month,  was  to  promote 
the  principle  of  arbitration,  as  a  means  of  settling 
national  disputes  and  preventing  wars.  The  Puhlie 
Ledger  of  this  city,  remarked  respecting  it,  "  It  is  a 
movement  that  commends  itself  to  the  good  sense  of 
ill  people,  as  well  as  to  the  enlightened  humanity  of 
3ur  age." 

"  It  is  no  new  or  untried  thing,  either  in  private 
policy,  in  the  proceedings  of  law  courts,  or  in  inter- 
jourse  among  nations.  In  most  instances  where  it 
las  been  tried  in  good  faith,  it  has  been  successful, 
md  wherever  it  has  been  successful  its  operation  has 
>een  productive  of  the  best  results — beneficent  in 
dl  ways." 

"'No  more  impressive  spectacle  was  ever  present- 
id  to  the  world  than  when  two  such  nations  as 
Ireat  Britain  and  the  United  States  agreed  to  sub- 
nit  the  war-threatening  dispute  over  the  Alabama 
Claims  to  the  tribunal  at  Geneva.     That  arbitration 


not  only  elicited  the  admiration  of  the  civilized 
world,  but  excited  the  hopes  of  the  people  of  all 
Christian  countries  that  the  time  had  come  when 
good  sense,  regard  for  the  lives  and  fortunes  of  their 
citizens  and  subjects,  and  the  claims  of  universal 
humanity,  would  displace  war,  with  its  privations, 
its  devastation,  its  sacrifices,  its  unspeakable  miser- 
ies and  afflictions.  That  was  more  than  ten  years 
ago,  but  the  fruition  of  that  grand  example  has  not 
yet  appeared.  It  is  the  business  of  the  Convention 
to-day  to  renew  the  impulse  then  given  to  interna- 
tional arbitration  as  a  means  of  preventing  some 
wars — an  impulse  that  should  never  have  been  per- 
mitted to  halt." 

The  convention  was  called  by  the  National  Arbi 
tration  League  of  the  United  States.  Delegate: 
were  present  from  it,  from  peace  associations  ii 
Great  Britain,  Geneva  and  this  country,  from  some 
of  the  Western  Yearly  Meetings,  and  some  Minis- 
terial Associations  of  different  religious  bodies.  A 
letter  from  General  Grant,  excusing  himself  fro 
being  present,  says,  "  My  views  on  the  subject  of 
Peace  Arbitration  in  the  settlement  of  international 
differences,  instead  of  the  sword,  have  not  changed." 

Several  essays  were  read  and  discussed,  and  a 
number  of  resolutions  adopted  as  to  the  best  methods 
of  spreading  correct  views  on  Peace  and  Arbitration 
among  the  people  and  governments.  One  of  these 
states,  "  That  the  methods  of  teaching  history  which 
dwell  in  the  details  of  war,  rather  than  in  the  inner 
lite  of  nations,  foster  an  erroneous  impression  as  to 
the  relations  of  war  to  humanity,  and  favor  a  belief 
in  the  error  that  international  disputes  cannot  be 
settled  except  by  a  resort  to  arms." 


THE    FRIEND. 


TWELFTH  MONTH  8,  1883. 


AVrhen  the  Apostle  Peter  preached  the  way 
of  salvation  to  the  Jews  in  the  Temple  at 
Jerusalem,  after  he  had  borne  testimony  to 
Christ  Jesus,  through  whose  power  the  lame 
man  had  been  miraculously  healed,  he  ex- 
horted his  hearers  to  "  repent,  therefore,  and 
be  converted,  that  your  sins  may  be  blotted 
out,  when  the  times  of  refreshing  shall  come 
from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  He  shall 
send  Jesus  Christ  which  before  was  preached 
unto  you." 

In  the  Revised  Version,  this  passage  reads, 
"Repent  ye  therefore,  and  turn  again,  that 
your  sins  may  be  blotted  out,  that  so  there 
may  come  seasons  of  refreshing  from  the  pre- 
sence of  the  Lord  ;  and  that  He  may  send  the 
Christ  who  hath  been  appointed  for  you,  even 
Jesus."  While  the  two  translations  are  sub- 
stantially the  same,  yet  the  meaning  appears 
to  be  more  clearly  set  forth  in  the  latter.  It 
is  in  full  accord  with  the  general  tenor  of  the 
Scriptures,  and  with  the  teachings  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  from  its  rise — for  the  Primi- 
tive Friends  always  declared  that  their  doc- 
trines were  nothing  else  than  "  Primitive 
Christianity  revived." 

When  the  Light  of  Christ  within  shows 
unto  man  his  sinful  condition,  if  he  yields 
himself  to  its  impressions,  a  godly  sorrow  for 
sin  is  felt,  and  a  willingness  is  begotten  in  the 
heart  to  turn  from  that  which  is  evil.  This 
is  the  beginning  of  the  Saviour's  baptism  with 
fire  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  by  which  the  floor 
of  the  heart  is  cleansed,  and  the  evil  propen- 
sities are  burnt  up  as  with  unquenchable  fire. 
Though  this  process  is  trying  to  our  natures, 
yet  it  "yields  the  peaceable  fruits  of  right- 
eousness to  those  who  are  exercised  thereby." 
Under  a  sense  of  the  miseiy  of  man  when 
separated  from  the  favor  of  his  Creator,  and 
of  the  preciousness  of  that  holy  peace  which 
is  at  times  dispensed  to  those  who  are  journey- 


ing towards  Zion,  often  and  often  has  the  cry 
arisen  from  sincere  souls,  "Lord,  let  not  thine 
eye  pity,  nor  thy  hand  spare,  till  thou  hast 
brought  forth  judgment  unto  victory."  Such 
are  found  hungering  more  and  more  after  the 
increase  of  the  Divine  power  and  life,  where- 
by they  may  feel  themselves  perfectly  re- 
deemed. 

Repentance  is  not  merely  a  "turning  round," 
a  process  which  man  can  do  of  himself  when 
his  understanding  is  convinced  that  his  true 
welfare  will  be  promoted  by  changing  his 
course  of  life.  But  it  includes  a  conviction  for 
sin  which  nothing  can  produce  but  the  Spirit 
of  Christ,— a  feeling  that  we  have  violated 
the  holy  laws  of  God  and  are  justly  exposed 
to  his  wrath  therefor.  This  repentance,  Wil- 
liam Penn  states,  naturally  arises  from  the 
Principle  to  which  our  early  ministers  turned 
all  people  unto:  "For,  of  Light  came  sight; 
and  of  sight  came  sense  and  sorrow  ;  and  of 
sense  and  sorrow  came  amendment  of  life;" 
and  "  forgiveness  of  sins  that  are  past  through 
Christ  the  alone  propitiation  ;  and  the  sancti- 
fication  or  purgation  of  the  soul  from  the  de- 
filing nature  and  habits  of  sin  present,  by  the 
Spirit  of  Christ  in  the  soul." 

Though  we  may  make  distinctions  in  our 
imagination  in  regard  to  this  work-  of  grace, 
and  mentally  separate  it  into  successive  steps 
and  experiences,  yet  it  is  all  part  of  the  great 
process  of  regeneration,  without  which  no 
man  can  find  the  kingdom  of  Heaven.  The 
very  first  opening  of  the  heart  to  the  convic- 
tions of  the  Light  of  Christ  is  a  step  in  the 
pathway  to  salvation,  and  is  the  beginning  of 
the  process  of  cleacsiug  from  sin,  and  of  ex- 
periencing forgiveness,  of  which  those  par- 
take who  "  walk  in  the  Light."  And  the  ex- 
perienced Christian  who  has  long  walked  in 
this  holy  way,  still  finds  it  needful  to  turn 
from  eveiy  temptation  to  evil,  to  have  his  eye 
fixed  on  the  Light,  and  to  place  bis  trust  on 
Christ  his  Eedeemer,  Guide  and  Helper.  He 
is  prepared  to  accept  the  advice  of  the  apostle, 
"  Whereunto  ye  have  already  attained,  walk 
by  the  same  rule  and  mind  the  same  things." 
As  he  journeys  on  towards  his  heavenly 
home,  he  is  often  favored  with  "seasons  of 
refreshing  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord," 
which  cheer  his  spirits  and  strengthen  his 
faith  in  the  continuance  of  the  Lord's  mercy 
and  care  over  him. 

In  his  letter  to  the  Countess  of  Faleken- 
stein,  William  Penn  declares  that  "It  is 
Christ,  the  true  and  only  Seed  of  God,  that 
visited  my  soul,  even  in  my  young  3-ears  ;  that 
spread  my  sins  in  order  before  me,  reproved 
me,  and  brought  Godly  sorrow  upon  me; 
making  me  often  to  weep  in  solitary  places, 
and  say  within  my  soul — '  O  that  I  knew  the 
Lord  as  I  ought  to  know  Him!  O  that  I 
served  Him  as  I  ought  to  serve  Him!'  Yea 
often  was  there  a  great  concern  upon  my 
spirit  about  mine  eternal  state,  mournfully 
desiring  that  the  Lord  would  give  my  soul 
rest  in  the  great  day  of  trouble."  "And  in 
this  seeking  state  I  was  directed  to  the  testi- 
mony of  Jesus  in  mine  own  conscience,  as  the 
true  shining  Light,  giving  me  to  discern  the 
thoughts  and  intents  of  mine  own  heart. 
And  no  sooner  was  I  turned  unto  it,  but  I 
found  it  to  be  that  which  from  my  childhood 
had  visited  me,  though  I  distinctly  knew  it 
not.  And  when  I  received  it  in  the  love  of 
it,  it  showed  me  all  that  ever  I  had  done,  and 
reproved  all  the  unfruitful  worksof  darkness." 
"And  as  by  the  brightness  of  his  coming  into 


144 


THE    FRIEND. 


my  soul,  He  discovered  the  man  of  sin  tbere 
upon  his  throne,  so  by  the  breath  of  his  mouth, 
which  is  the  two-edged  sword  of  his  Spirit, 
He  destroyeth  bis  power  and  kingdom.  And 
so  having  made  me  a  witness  of  the  death  of 
the  cross,  He  hath  also  made  me  a  witness  of 
his  resurrection." 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— The  first  Session  of  the  Forty  - 
eighth  Congress  began  on  the  3d  instant.  The  Senate 
met  at  noon,  and  the  new  Senators  were  qualified.  In 
the  House,  after  Representative  Carlisle,  of  Kentucky, 
had  been  elected  Speaker,  that  body  adjourned  without 
completing  its  organization.  Carlisle  represents  the 
free  tradeVing  of  the  Democratic  party. 
"  The  public  debt  statement  for  11th  month  shows  a 
decrease  of  $1,721,676.  . 

Secretary  Teller  has  issued  an  order  for  the  adoption 
of  the  new  time  standard  in  the  Interior  Department, 
beginning  on  12th  mo.  1st. 

The  question  whether  a  woman,  otherwise  competent, 
is  debarred  from  the  mastership  of  a  steamboat  by  reason 
of  her  sex,  has  been  referred  to  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury. 

The  Supervising  Inspector  General  of  Steamboats,  in 
his  annual  report  gives  the  number  of  vessels  inspected 
during  the  vear  as  5333,  and  of  officers  licensed  as 
23  292.  The' total  number  of  accidents  on  steam  vessels 
was  34,  involving  a  loss  of  281  lives.  The  whole  num- 
ber of  passengers  carried  is  estimated  at  475,000,000. 
making  the  loss  of  life  1  in  1,750,000. 


mo.,  61*  a  61J  cts  for  1st  mo.,  61  f  a  62  cts.  for  2d  mo., 
and  61£  a  61  §  cts.  for  3rd  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were 
firmly  held  ;  about  12,500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  39  a 
41  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white 
at  39:j  a  40i  cts.  Rye  was  unchanged  ;  small  sales  are 
reported  at  65  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  12th 
mo.  1st,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  358  ;  loads  of  straw,  72 ; 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  80  a  90 
cts.  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  65  a  80  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  65  a  75  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  demand  and  prices  were  a  fraction 
higher  :  2700  head  arrived  and  sold  at  4£  a  7  cts.  per 
lb  ,  according  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  higher:  8000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  2J  a  oh  cts.,  and  lambs  at  4J  a  6J  cts.  per  lb.,  as 
to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  fair  demand  at  an  advance:  C300  head 
arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  7  a  8  cts.  per 
lb.,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — The  Arbitration  and  Peace  Society  of 
London,  has  sent  an  address  to  Lord  Granville,  Foreign 
Secretary,  on  the  subject  of  the  relation  which  exists 
between  France  and  China.  The  address  alludes  to  the 
vast  commercial  interests  of  Europe  and  America  in- 
volved, and  asks  Lord  Granville  to  receive  a  deputa- 
tion from  the  society  in  order  to  strengthen  his  hands 
in  offering  mediation.  Lord  Granville  replied  that  he 
did  not  think  the  reception  of  a  deputation  now  would 
further  the  desired  object. 

It  is  seini-oflicially  announced  that  England,  Ger- 
many, America,  Russia  and  France  will  participate  in 
a  joint  protection  of  their  subjects  and  interests  in  China 
in  the  event  of  war  between  France  and  China.  The 
object  is  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  European: 


The  Adjutant  General  of  the  army  has  been  officially  |  and  Americans  in  the  event  of  the  recurrence  of  inc 
informed  of  the  surrender,  at  Camp  Poplar  River,  of  dents  similar  to  the  Canton  trouble  last  summer.     I 
five  lodges  of  Sittim'  Bull's  forces  in  Canada,  number-  ! order  tu  accomplish  this,  the  five  powers  would  form  a 
in-  in  all  33  persons!     General  Terry  recommends  that ;  flotilla  of  gun-boats  on   the  Canton  river,  the  command 
they  be  sent  to  Standing  Kock  Agency,  all  their  friends  of   which   would   be   given   to  the   Power   having  the 
heine  at  that  place  largest  naval  force  in  Chinese  waters.     At  the  present 

Several  months'ago  a  large  floating  buoy,  lighted  time  France  has  the :  greatest  number  of  vessels  there 
with  compressed  gas,  was  anchored  on  the  Sandy  Hook  Two  men  who  left  El  Obeid  between  the  loth  and 
Shoals,  as  an  experiment.  It  is  said  the  trial  has  been  '19th  of  11th  month,  arrived  at  Khartoum  on  the  1st 
successful  thus  iar;  the  light  is  umisuallv  strong,  and,  instant,  lhey  saw  El  Mahdi  march  out  to  meet  the 
it  is  claimed  will  last  nine  months  longer  without  re- .Egyptians  before  the  recent  battle,  and  afterwards  saw 
new-  him   return  to  El  Uoeid  with   guns  "lies,   large  stores 

i  The  Palouse  Branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  of  ammunition  and  a  train  of  camels  belonging  to  the 
is  now  completed  and  opened  for  traffic  to  Colfax,  Wash,  j  Egyptians,  which  had  been  abandoned  in  entrenched 
Ter  89  miles  eastward  from  the  main  line  at  Palouse 'positions,  owing  to  the  scarcity  ot  water.  They  report 
Junction  This  branch  passes  through  a  section  of  that  the  Egyptian  army  had  been  completely  annihi- 
Eastern  Washington,  which  is  growing  in  population  Mated  after  two  days'  fighting.  The  prisoners  were 
rapidly  |  brought  into  El  Obeid. 

'  The  shipments  of  iron  ore  from  the  Lake  Superior  j     The  Porte  has  addressed  a  note  to  the  Powers  inform- 
al r  luring  this  yei-.r  are  sr.il  tc  be  :-V3r  oOO.OOO  tons  ing  them  thatT.i:key  offered  to  send  troopc  l;  :xpf  r 


led  at  Cape  Race,  Newfoundland,  on  First-day  night 
the  2d  instant.  "The  sea  rose  higher  than  was  evei 
before  known  there,  and  swept  away  inland  bridges 
drove  the  Cape  Light  boat  high  upon  the  shore  threw 
the  wrecked  hull  of  the  steamship  Herder  fifty  feet  or, 
the  coast,  and  drove  a  large  quantity  of  wreckage  up  or 
the  beach."  ,        ,     ,  . 

The  total  number  of  cattle  and  sheep  already  shippei 
from  Canada  this  year,  and  for  which  space  has  beer 
secured  in  steamships  to  12th  month  31st,  is  greatly  n 
excess  of  that  of  any  previous  year.  The  total  nuinbei 
of  cattle  is  55,674,  and  of  sheep  113,725. 

It  is  reported  that  "  considerable  confusion  has  beer 
caused  among  the  retail  merchants  in  the  city  of  Mexicc 
by  the  large  amount  of  nickel  coin  in  circulation  there 
Congress  is  discussing  a  bill  to  regulate  the  iiicke. 
coinage  and  determine  the  extent  to  which  it  shall  bef 
legal  tender.  The  bill  authorizes  the  coinage  ot  only 
4,000,000  nickels  among  ten  millions  of  people. 

The  decree  abolishing  the  right  of  Cuban  slave- 
holders to  punish  slaves  with  stocks  and  fetters  wa; 
gazetted  11th  mo.  29th. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowijj 
Station  on   the   arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train  iron 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D 

Applications  for  the  Admission  ot  Patients  may  bi 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  a 
Managers. 

Married,  at  Springville,  Linn  Co.,  Iowa,  11th  mo 
19th,  1883,  Joshua  P.  Smith,  of  Coal  Creek,  Iowa,  tc 
Mary  M.  Williams,  of  the  former  place. 

,  at  Friends'  Meeting,  Germantown,   Pa.,  oi 

the  29th  tilt.,  James  Edward  Tatnall,  of  Bethlehem 
Pa.,  to  Edith  A.,  daughter  of  Edward  Comfort,  of  th  j 
former  place. 


than  in  liie  comparative  period  of  1882.  The  re- 
ceipts of  iron  ore  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  for  the  season  just 
closing,  were  663, S07,  against  993,048  tons  neceived  in 
1882.  The  total  shipments  for  the  season  have  been 
644,331  tons,  against  678,735  tons  in  1882. 

San  Francisco  papers  deny  that  the  seal-catch  has 
been  small  this  year,  and  assert  that  over  90,000  of  the 
100,000  seals  which  the  Alaska  Company  is  permitted 
to  take  annually  under  its  charter  have  been  killed 
this  year. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  357, 
which  was  13  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
19  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing,  175  were  males,  1S2  females:  55  died 
of  consumption;  28  of  pneumonia;  19. of  diphtheria; 
19  of  old  age ;  9  of  scarlet  fever,  and  8  of  typhoid  fever. 
Markets,  &c— U.  S.  4J's,  114 J;  4's,  registered,  122J ; 
coupon,  1231 ;  3's,  101  ;  currency  0's,  127  a  133. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  but  prices 
remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted.  Sales  of  mid- 
dlings are  reported  at  LOg  a  10J  cts.  per  pound  for 
uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8|  a  8J  cts.  for  export, 
and  9.;  a  9;  els.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  without  essen- 
tial change.  Sales  of  21100  barrels,  including  Minne- 
sota extras  at  $5  a  $6;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $5: 
western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and  patents  at  »6  a  $6.75 
Kye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. —  Wheat  was  unsettled  and  rather  lower 
About  9500  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  a 
$1.17  a  $1.18;  No.  2  at  $1.08  a  $115  per  bushel,  th. 
latter  rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  $1.01  pel 
bushel;  and  100,0110  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.08  a  $1.08] 
for  12th  mo.,  $1.10A  a  $1.1 1 1  for  1st  mo.,  $1.13  a  $1.13 
for  2d  mo.,  and  $1.15  a  $L15J  for  3rd  mo.  Com  Ca 
lots  were  firm  ;  about  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  5' 
a  63  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  am 
45,000  bushels  sail   mixed  at  OH  a  01:)   cts.  for  12ll 


the  rising  in  the  Soudan,  but  that  England  refused  the 
offer. 

The  decree  rescinding  the  prohibition  of  the  impor- 
tation of  American  pork  into  France  was  published  in 
the  Official  Gazette,  11  th  month  28th.  The  decree  states 
that  if  the  pork  is  carefully  salted  there  is  no  danger  of 
trichinosis,  and  that  the  municipal  authorities  will 
seize  any  bacon  that  may  be  found  to  be  imperfectly 
salted. 

It  is  denied  that  England  had  offered  to  mediate  upon 
the  Tonquin  question,  and  that  France  has  accepted  the 
roffered  mediation. 

The  Spanish  Cabinet  has  approved  the  decree  of  the 
Minister  of  the  Colonies  abolishing  the  right  of  Cuban 
iveholders  to  punish  slaves  with  stocks  and  fetters. 
The  boring  of  the  Arlberg  Tunnel  through  the  Alps 
is  about  completed.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  works  that 
modern  science  has  achieved.  The  tunnel  has  been 
finished  two  years  before  the  time  appointed,  and  unless 
very  great  efforts  are  made  on  all  sides  it  will  be  ready 
for  use  five  months  sooner  than  the  lines  which  lead 
to  it.  Some  attention  should  be  given  to  the  fact  that 
the  mechanical  works  on  the  western  side  were  carried 
out  in  accordance  with  the  system  of  an  Austrian  engi- 
neer, Brandt — that  is  to  say,  the  boring  machines  and 
the  ventilators  were  put  in  motion  by  hydraulic  power. 
The  work  accomplished  in  the  Arlberg  Tunnel  is  double 
that  done  in  the  St.  Golhard  and  three  times  that  done 
in  the  Mount  Cenis. 

St.  Petersburg,  12th  mo.  2d.— A  ukase  has  been  pub- 
lished ordering  the  issue  of  six  per  cent,  gold  rentes  to 
the  amount  of  50,000,000  roubles  at  98,  redeemable  at 

the  option  of  the  gover rill  after  ten  years. 

The  delegates  from  the  Australian  Legislatures  have 
all  arrived  at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  to  attend  the 
conference  called  to  consider  measures  looking  to  the 
annexation  of  New  Guinea  and  the  federation  of  the 
English-Australian  colonies. 
I      A   terrible   hurricane  from  the  east-north-east,  pre 


Died,  at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law,  Israel  T 
Hole,  near  Damascus,  Ohio,  on  the  lSlh  of  10th  mc 
1.SS3,  Morris  Miller,  in  the  85th  year  of  his  age, 
member  of  Upper  Springfield  Monthly  Meeting  o 
Friends,  Ohio.  . 

at  the  residence  of  her  steplather,  Daniel  \\  ll 

Hams,  'Flushing,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  Jeftha  Anu.i 
Fawcett,  daughter  of  Jeptha  and  Lydia  Ann  rawcet 
'the  former  deceased),   a  member  of  Flushing  Month 
iy  and  Particular   Meeting   of  Friends.     In   the  earl; 
part  of  the  illness,  which   terminated   the   hie  ot   tin 
dear  young  Friend,  she  remarked,  "  If  it  is  right  tor  m 
to  gel  well,  I  would  prefer  it,  but  if  not  right  I  hope 
have  no  choice  in  the  matter  :  I  am  in  the  hands  ot  On 
who   is  worthy  to  be   trusted."     Her  sufferings  wer 
great  through  a  period  of  several  months;   but  wer 
patiently  borne.     She   frequently  spoke  of  the  man. 
blessing's  which   were  conferred  on  her,  and  appears 
truly  thankful  for  them.     At  one  time,  after  a  season  c 
unusual  suffering,  she  said  afflictions  were  olien  anion; 
our  greatest  blessings,  and  that  she  hoped  no  su fieri n 
would  be  spared  her  that  was  necessary  ;  and  she  truste. 
nothing  would  be  permitted  to  come  upon  her  that  wa 
not  for  some  good  purpose  ;  and  repeated  the  stanza, 
"  Judge  not  the  Lord  by  feeble  sense, 
But  trust  Him  for  his  grace, 
Behind  a  frowning  Providence, 
He  hides  a  smiling  face." 
She  manifested  from  early  childhood  a  remarkable  lea 
of  violating  Scriptural  injunctions,  particularly  the  Sei 
mon  on   the   Mount,  which  she  frequently  read.     I 


locence  and  gentleness  were  conspicuous  i 


her  dail 


„fe  in  the  family.  At  times,  after  giving  way  to  tnr 
of  mirthfulness,"  she  would  exclaim,  "Oh  idle  words 
bow  different  from  yea,  yea,  nay,  nay!"  During  th 
last  few  weeks  of  her  life,  she  appeared  to  be  waitin 
for  the  summons  home;  and  marvelled  that  she  wa 
kept  so  long.  She  passed  away  10th  mo.  20th,  188.- 
aged  17  years  and  one  day. 

° nth  mo.  luili,  1883,  Elizabeth  W.  Coor-Ei 

of  Camden.  New  Jersey,  aged  75  years,  a  member  t 
Newton  Particular  and  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meetin 
of  Friends. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TWELFTH  MONTH  15,  1883. 


NO.    19. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

Inscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


itter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

CONSISTENCY. 

An  incident  related  by  John  Richardson  as 
having  happened  in  Virginia,  some  time  be- 
fore his  visit  to  that  country,  illustrates  how 
certainly  those  who  are  unfaithful  to  their 
own  profession  forfeit  the  esteem  and  respect 
of  sensible  men.  He  says,  "  The  governor 
wanted  a  cooper  to  mend  his  wine,  cider  and 
ale  casks,  and  some  told  him  there  was  a 
workman  near,  but  he  was  a  Quaker;  he  said, 
if  he  was  a  workman,  he  made  no  matter  what 
he  professed  ;  so  the  Quaker,  such  as  he  was, 
was  sent  for  and  came  with  his  hat  under  his 
arm.  The  governor  was  somewhat  at  a  stand 
Lo  see  the  man  come  in  after  that  manner, 
and  asked,  if  he  was  the  cooper  he  had  sent 
for?  He  said,  Yes.  Well,  said  the  governor, 
iire  not  you  a  Quaker?  Yes,  replied  the  man, 
[  am  so  called,  but  I  have  not  been  faithful. 
He  then  asked,  How  long  have  you  been 
jailed  a  Quaker?  The  poor  man  said,  About 
twenty  years.  Alas  for  you,  poor  man  !  said 
the  governor,  I  am  sorry  for  you. 

"  By  this  we  may  clearly  see,  that  such  who 
walk  most  up  to  what  they  profess,  are  in 
most  esteem  among  the  more  thinking  and 
religious  people;  and  the  unfaithful  and  loose 
libertine  professors  of  Truth  are  slighted,  and 
[  believe  will  be  more  and  more  cast  out  as 
the  unsavory  salt,  which  is  good  for  naught 
in  religion,  and  is  indeed  trodden  under  the 
feet  of  men." 

John  Churchman  relates  in  his  journal,  that 
when  at  Masham,  England,  in  the  year  1752, 
be  lodged  at  the  house  of  John  Kelden, 
'who,"  he  says,  "related  to  mo  something 
that  passed  between  a  knight  of  the  shire  and 
one  of  his  tenants,  a  member  of  our  religious 
Society,  as  follows,  viz: 

Landlord. — So  John,  you  are  busy? 

Tenant.- — Yes,  cuy  landlord  loves  to  see  his 
ienants  busy. 

Landlord. — But  John,  where  was  you  that 
pou  was  not  at  your  Quarterly  Meeting  at 
Fork  the  other  day?  I  saw  most  of  your 
staunch  Friends  there,  but  you  I  missed. 

Tenant. — Why  thou  knowest  I  have  a  curi- 
ous landlord  who  loves  to  see  his  tenants 
shrive  and  pay  their  rents  duly,  and  I  had  a 
*ood  deal  in  hand  that  kept  me  at  home. 

Landlord. — Kept  you  at  home !     You  will 


neither  thrive  nor  pay  the  better  for  neglect- 
ing your  duty,  John. ' 

Tenant. — Then  I  perceive  my  landlord  was 
at  Quarterly  Meeting,  how  did'st  thou  like  it 

Landlord. — Like  it!  I  was  at  one  meeting 
and  saw  what  made  my  heart  ache. 

Tenant. — What  was  that? 

Landlord. — "Why  the  dress  of  your  3-01 
folks,  the  men  with  their  wigs,  and  the  .young 
women  with  their  finery,  in  imitation  of  the 
fashions;  and  I  thought  I  would  try  another 
meeting,  so  next  day  I  went  again,  and  then 
I  concluded  there  was  little  difference  but  the 
bare  name,  between  us  whom  3-ou  call  the 
world's  people,  and  some  of  you  ;  for  you  are 
imitating  us  in  the  love  and  fashions  of  the 
world  as  fast  as  you  can  ;  so  that  I  said  in  my 
heart,  these  people  want  a  Fox,  a  Penn  and 
a  Barclay  among  them;  and  so  turned  from 
his  tenant." 

John  Churchman  adds, — "I  thought  it 
would  be  a  pity  that  the  true  and  solid  re- 
mark of  this  man  should  be  lost,  understand- 
ing that  it  was  rather  expressed  in  pity  than 
derision." 

The  same  writer  mentions  an  incident  which 
occurred  probably  in  his  early  childhood,  and 
which  illustrates  the  need  of  watchfulness 
over  their  conduct  even  in  little  matters,  by 
those  who  make  a  profession  of  religion.  He 
says  :  "  I  remember  a  person  was  once  at  my 
father's,  who  spoke  about  religious  matters 
with  an  affected  tone,  as  if  he  was  a  good 
man  ;  and  when  he  mounted  his  horse  to  go 
away,  taking  a  dislike  to  some  of  his  motions, 
he  called  him  an  ugly  dumb  beast,  with  an 
accent  which  bespoke  great  displeasure,  and 
grieved  me  much.  I  believed  that  a  man 
whose  mind  was  sweetened  with  Divine  love, 
would  not  speak  wrathfully  or  diminutively, 
even  of  the  beasts  of  the  field,  which   were 

ven  to  man  for  his  use ;  and  I  relate  this  in- 
stance as  a  warning  to  be  careful  of  giving 
offence  to  the  little  ones." 

Another  passage  in  the  Journal  of  John 
Churchman  shows  his  care  to  practise  that 
consistency  in  his  own  case,  which  he  recom- 
mended to  others.  In  1761,  he  had  a  concern 
to  pa)'  a  religious  visit  to  Barbadoes  and  some 
of  the  adjacent  islands,  and  says:  "I  went  to 
Philadelphia  to  inquire  for  a  passage,  when 
my  friends  informed  me  of  five  vessels,  three 
of  which  were  nearly  ready  to  sail;  but  un- 
derstanding that  all  of  them  were  prepared 
with  guns  for  defence,  I  felt  a  secret  exercise 
on  my  mind,  so  that  I  could  not  go  to  see  any 
of  them.  I  kept  quiet  from  Sixth-day  even- 
ing until  Second-day  morning,  when  I  went 
to  the  meeting  of  ministers  and  elders,  where 
I  had  a  freedom  to  let  Friends  know,  '  That  I 
came  to  town  in  order  to  take  my  passage  for 
Barbadoes,  but  found  myself  not  at  liberty  to 
go  in  any  of  those  vessels,  because  they  car- 
ied  arms  for  defence;  for  as  my  motive  in 
going,  was  to  publish  "  the  glad  tidings  of  the 
Gospel,  which  teacheth  love  to  all  men,"  I 
could  not  go  with  those  who  were  prepared 


to  destroy  men,  whom  Christ  Jesus,  our  Loid 
and  Master,  laid  down  his  life  to  save,  and  to 
deliver  from  that  spirit  in  which  wars  and 
fightings  stand.'  I  further  added,  'If  I  had 
a  concern  to  visit  in  Gospel  love,  those  now 
living  at  Pittsburg,  or  Fort  Duquesne,  do  you 
think  it  would  become  me  to  go  in  company 
with  a  band  of  soldiers,  as  if  I  wanted  the 
arm  of  flesh  to  guard  me  ;  would  it  not  be 
more  becoming  to  go  with  a  few  simple  un- 
armed men  ?  I  now  tenderly  desire  your 
sympathy  and  advice.'  One  honest  Friend 
said,  '  Keep  to  the  tender  scruple  in  thy  own 
mind,  for  it  rejoices  me  to  hear  it ;'  and  several 
said  they  believed  it  would  be  best  for  me  to 
mind  my  own  freedom. 

I  then  begged  that  Friends  would  consider 
weightily,  whether  it  was  right  for  any  pro- 
fessing with  us,  to  be  owners,  or  part  owners, 
charterers,  freighters  or  insurers  of  vessels 
that  a  Friend  could  not  be  free  to  go  passenger 
in  on  a  gospel  message.  As  I  returned  to  my 
lodgings,  I  felt  so  much  peace  of  mind  in  thus 
bearing  my  testimony,  that  I  thought  if  my 
concern  ended  therein,  it  was  worth  all  my 
trouble,  though  at  that  time  I  did  not  think 
it  would,  yet  was  quite  easy  to  return  home 
and  wait  until  my  way  appeared  more  open. 
As  my  concern  went  off  in  this  manner,  I 
have  been  since  led  to  consider  that  I  could 
not  have  borne  that  testimony  so  fully  and 
feelingly,  if  I  had  not  been  thus  restrained." 

It  is  said  that  William  Romaine  was  one 
evening  invited  to  a  friend's  house  to  tea,  and 
after  the  tea  things  were  removed,  the  woman 
of  the  house  asked  him  to  play  at  cards,  to 
which  ho  made  no  objections.  The  cards 
were  produced,  and  when  all  were  ready  to 
commence  the  play,  the  venerable  minister 
said  :  "Let  us  ask  the  blessing  of  God." 

Ask  the  blessing  of  God  !"  said  the  woman, 
^reat  surprise ;  "  I  never  heard  of  such  a 
thing  at  a  game  of  cards." 

Romaine  then  inquired,  "  Ought  we  to  en- 
gage in  anything  on  which  we  cannot  ask  his 
blessing?"  This  gentle  reproof  put  an  end 
to  the  card-playing. 

The  steady,  consistent  course  of  life  of  those 
who  have  submitted  to  the  government  of  the 

irit  of  Christ,  often  has  a  powerful  influ- 
ence in  convincing  others  of  the  reality  of  the 
eligion  which  they  profess.  It  is  an  argu- 
ment which  no  sophistry  can  successfully 
answer. 

A  writer  in  the  Earnest  Christian,  of  12th 
mo.  1881,  gives  an  illustration  of  this  in  re- 
aring his  own  experience.  He  says  :  "  My 
parents  were  Roman  Catholics.  I  was  born 
n  the  south-west  of  Ireland,  a  place  remark- 
able for  the  extreme  bigotry  of  the  people. 
My  early  teachings  were  very  strict.  I  was 
baptized  by  the  priest  and  was  confirmed  by 
the  bishop,  went  to  confession  regularly,  and 
was  a  regular  attendant  at  mass.  When  18 
years  of  age  I  came  to  America  ;  and  in  1871 
married  a  Protestant  lady.  One  year  after- 
wards the  Lord  blessed  us  with  a  little  boy. 


146 


THE    FRIEND. 


When  three  years  old  he  was  an  unusually 
handsome  and  intelligent  child.  We  loved, 
or  rather  more  properly  speaking,  we  idolized 
him.  But  in  1876  he  took  his  place  with  the 
redeemed  around  God's  eternal  throne.  I 
hardened  by  heart,  and  would  not  believe  in 
experimental  religion,  and  viewed  with  dis- 
trust any  one  that  professed  it." 

About  this  time  his  wife  came  under  re- 
ligious conviction,  at  which  he  was  very 
angry;  and  when  she  asked  him  to  read  a 
portion  of  Scripture,  he  took  up  a  novel  and 
suggested  that  a  chapter  out  of  it  would  be 
more  interesting.  Though  he  continued  for 
some  time  to  pursue  his  former  habits  of  card- 
playing,  and  frequenting  bar-rooms  for  the 
sake  of  the  loose  company  that  collected  there, 
and  would  often  argue  with  his  wife  against 
the  profession  of  religion  which  she  made  ; 
yet,  he  says,  "  her  every-day  life  in  keeping 
God's  commandments  impressed  me  very  seri- 
ously. I  looked  into  the  matter  and  saw  that 
in  following  out  the  principles  of  her  pro- 
fession, she  had  love,  joy,  peace,  long-suffer- 
ing, gentleness,"  &c.  lie  was  conscious  that 
his  own  heart  was  filled  with  evils— unclean- 
ness,  wrath,  strife,  envyings,  revilings,  &c, 
and  that  he  was  not  ready  to  die  and  meet 
his  Creator, — though  he  had  made  confession 
to  the  priests  and  received  absolution  from 
tbem.  The  work  of  grace  thus  commenced 
in  him,  through  the  godly  example  of  his  wife, 
went  forward — reminding  us  of  the  apostle's 
query  in  his  epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  "  What 
knowest  thou,  O  wife,  whether  thou  shalt 
save  thy  husband?" 


For  "  The  Friend 

John  Churchman's  Concordance, 

And  some  Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and 
other  families. 

[Continued  from  page  138.) 

Accompanying  the  Concordance  alluded  to 
in    a    previous   number,  were   the  following 
papers  from  the  pen  of  James  Trimble,  th 
donor: 

"In  tracing  the  course  of  events,  as  they 
have  risen  before  us  historically  or  otherwise, 
we  find  that  circumstances  apparently  trivial 
in  themselves  have  elicited  qualities  of  mind 
in  individuals  that  else  might  have  remained 
dormant,  thus  affording  evidence  of  the  reality 
of  special  Providences.  The  son  and  grand- 
sons of  John  Churchman,  the  minister,  (the 
latter  five  in  number)  were  men  of  prominent 
attainment  in  practical  surveying,  scientific 
research  and  general  knowledge,  ami  withal 
good  examples  of  Christian  piety.  In  1702. 
Randall  Janney,  of  Philadelphia,  (styled  gen 
tleman)  took  up  lot  No.  15,  adjoining  that  ol 
John  Churchman,  the  immigrant,  in  the  Not 
tingham  survey  of  that  year.  In  1700  he 
Mold  the  tract  to  Abel  Cottey,  '  clock,  compass 
and  watch-maker,'  of  that  city.  In  1710,  tin 
latter  conveyed  the  property  to  his  daughtei 
Sarah,  wife  of  Benjamin  Chandlec,  (who  had 
long  been  an  apprentice  with  him),  son  of  b 
Chandlee,  of  Kilmoro,  County  Kildare,  s 


ned  that  the  works  of  the  latter  soon 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  junior  John 
Churchman,  at  this  time  five  years  old.  We 
have  it  traditionally  that  Benjamin,  observing 
the  unusual  aptitude  of  the  child,  indulged 
his  presence  in  the  shop  ;  he  being  delighted 
when  allowed  to  perform  little  chores  about 
the  place.  The  intimacy  thus  commenced, 
lost  nothing  by  the  lapse  of  years;   as  John 

ew  up,  his  qualifications  enabled  him  to  as- 
sist Benjamin  in  testing  the  accuracy  of  his 
new  instruments  and  in  the  amicable  adjust- 
ment of  disputed  lines.  The  comfort  of  mind 
arising  from  his  services  in  reconciling  his 
neighbors  with  each  other,  it  was  thought  by 
others  may  have  had  some  influence  in  turn- 
ing his  attention  towards  the  more  extended 
field  of  the  ministry.*  He  makes  little  allu- 
sion in  his  journal  to  his  scientific  pursuits, 
but  it  is  known  that  he  was  engaged  by  the 
Penus,  and  others  in  authority,  to  lay  out 
townships,  roads,  &c.  It  sounds  strange  to 
read  a  dispatch  from  a  son  of  William  Penu 
addressed  to  'Mr.  Churchman.' 

In  1741,  Benjamin  Chandlee  sold  his  farm 
at  Nottingham  to  Joseph  Trimble,  and  re- 
moved with  his  wife  and  younger  children  to 
Wilmington,  Del.,  (where  their  descendants 


events  and  of  human  life.  "As  the  morning1 
cloud  and  as  the  early  dew  it  goeth  away." 
Hosea,  vi.  4.  "Remember  the  days  of  old, 
consider  the  years  of  many  generations  :  ask 
thy  father,  and  he  will  show  thee  ;  thyelders,| 
and  they  will  tell  thee."     Deut.  xxxii.  7. 

(To  be  continued.) 


\\> 


Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

Our  holy  Redeemer  said  "  He  that  folio  weth 
me  shall  not  walk  in  darkness,  but  shall  have 
the  light  of  life."  For  "God  is  light,  and  in 
Him  is  no  darkness  at  all."  And  "if  we 
walk  in  the  light,  as  He  is  in  the  light,  w€ 
have  fellowship  one  with  another,  and  the 
blood  of  Jesus  Christ,  his  Son,  cleanseth  us 
from  all  sin."  Walking,  here  means  a  spiritual 
moving  forward  in  the  light  of  Him  who  is 
the  light  of  the  world,  and  who  is  the  true 
light  that  lighteth  every  man  that  cometb 
into  the  world.  And  he  that  walketh  in  this 
light  has  no  occasion  to  stumble  or  fall.  Foi 
it  will  be  as  a  "  lamp  unto  his  feet,  and  a  lighl 
unto  his  path."  And  as  he  follows  the  path 
it  will  lead  him  step  by  step  into  all  truth 
and  shine  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect 
.  —  .day.  But  if  we  walk  not  in  the  light  of  oui 
are  still  found);  his  place  being  well  filled  by  JHoly  Guide  and  prefer  darkness  rather  tbar 
his  son  Benjamin  and  grandsons  Isaac  and  |  light,  wc  shall  be  left  to  our  choice  ;  but  lean 
Ellis,  who  became  widely  known.  Their  es-  ness  will  be  our  portion.  And  we  shall  noi 
tablishment  was  located' near  East  Notting-  have  fellowship  one  with  another,  neithei 
ham  Meeting-house.  Here  they  conducted  shall  we  witness  the  blood  of  Christ  to  cleanst 
an  extensive  .business,  having  branches  at  us  from  all  sin.  But  we  shall  be  left  to  wan 
Baltimore  and  Winchester;  probably  not  sur-der  as  on  the  barren  mountains  of  Gilboa 
passed  in  popularity  at  the  time  by  any  firm  where  there  is  none  of  the  heavenlyr  dew 
of  the  kind  in  America — clocks,  compasses,  neither  rain  nor  fields  of  offerings,  but  "when 
quadrants,  engraving  instruments,  &c,  bear-jthe  beauty  of  Israel  is  slain  upon  the  big! 
ing  their  name,  are  yet  extant.  places.     How  are  the  mighty  fallen  !"     Hofl 

Benjamin  Chandlee,  the  2nd,  married  Mary, 'is  the  shield  that  once  so  protected  theanointec 
daughter  of  Goldsmith  Edward  Folwell,  of  ones  "  vilely  cast  away,  as  though  it  had  no 
Wilmington,  in  the  1st  mo.  1749 — departed 'been  anointed!"  How  many  have  we,  wh< 
this  life"9th'  mo.  18th,  1794,  and  Mary,  10th!Once,  like  Saul,  had  been  anointed  with  tin 
mo.  6th,  1806 — both  interred  at  East  Not- 'qualifying  power,  that,  having  lost  it,  hav. 
tingham.  [continued  to  usurp  the  honorable  calling,  a 

George  Churchman,  the  elder,  was  doubtless  being  kings  over  our  Israel,  after  the  Hobj 
early  initiated  in  the  studies  that  his  father  Spirit  had"  left  them,  and  ceased  to  answe 
saw  were  needed  in  a  new  settlement.  He  was 'them!  But  still  they  have  been  professing 
10  years  old  when  B.  Chandlee  the  2d  was  to  continue  in  fighting  the  battles  of  the 
rising  in  his  profession,  and  the  sequel  showed  Lord,  until  they  and  their  followers  have  beei 
that  they  did  not,  like  some  of  old,  "  Forsake 'slain  by  the  Philistines:  or  like  Saul,  havi 
the  covenants  of  their  fathers  ;"  they  became  fallen  upon  their  own  swords.  "  Tell  it  not  ii 
mutual  friends,  their  tastes,  pursuits  and  in-  Gath,  publish  it  not  in  the  streets  of  Askeloni 
terests  were  congenial,  and  they  lived  to  see  lest  the  daughters  of  the  Philistines  rejoice 
each  other  attain  the  meridian  of  their  ar-  lest  the  daughters  of  the  uncircumcisSJ 
tistic  fame.  triumph." 

The  Chandlecs  were  Friends  in  good  stand-]  What  will  it  avail  us  to  retain  the  name  o 
ing,  identified  with  the  concerned  upholders  our  forefathers,  when  the  life  and  spirituality 
of  the  Society  in  the  attendance  of  Meeting,] — the  faith  and  practices  that  distinguishes 
plainness  of  speech,  deportment  and  apparel,  them  from  other  denominations — have  de 
But  they  and  their  coadjutors,  the  "  very  Iparted  ?  Though  the  lamp  of  profession  ma;j 
large  meeting  and  zealous  body  of  Friends" .  still  retain  the  name  of  a  lamp  after  the  oil 
at  Nottingham,  spoken  of  by  John  Griffith  in  and  the  light  have  left  it.  But  why  should  it 
his  journal,  page  206,  in  1750,  are  gone!  Thc|  O  that  our  Zion  might  again  shine  forth  i; 
places  that  knew  them,  know  them  no  more !  its  primitive  brightness  and  the  salvation 
The  remains  of  the  strong  man  and  the.  weak  j  thereof  as  a  lamp  that  burnetii !  But  it  neve? 
brother,  rest  together,  furnishing  an  impres-  will,  until  the  sinful  and  selfish  nature  thai 
heme  for  the  contemplative  mind,  while  belongs  to  us  as  fallen   beings  is  overcount 


Ireland;  who  occupied  it  the  same  year,  and 
established  his  business  there  as  a  branch  of 
the  concern  in  the  city. 

A  small  stream  on  the  bead  waters  of  North 
East  river,  divided  it  from  the  Churchman 
estate.  On  either  side  of  the  rivulet,  a  fourth 
of  a  mile  distant,  from  each  other,  stood  the 
rustic  domicils  of  John  Churchman  and  Ben- 
jamin Chandlee,  the  immigrants.     The  fami- 


dwellins  on   the   fleetii 


ing 


nature  of  human 'and  taken  out  of  the  way.  For  it  is  th 
I  that  obscures  the  brightness  of  the  sun 
*  [The  account  given  by  John  Churchman  himself 
of  his  being  led  into  the  ministry,  shows  that  this  ser- 
vice was  not  undertaken  by  him,  as  a  result  of  any  pre- 
vious experience  of  the  comfort  attending  the  settling  of 
disputes  among  bis  neighbors;  but  that  it  arose  from 
his  submission  to  the  commands  of  Christ,  who  im- 
pressed on  his  mind,  from  time  to  lime,  a  sense  of  duty 
lo  declare  what  was  thus  given  him  for  the  people. 
lie  found,  as  he  says  in  his  journal,  that  "ministry 
should  be  of  necessity  and  not  of  choice."— Ed.] 


righteousness,   and    hinders    it    from    arisin 
with    healing  in    his  wings:   and   prevents   u 
from  partaking  of  the  fruit  of  the  tree  of  liful 
(Christ)  w  hose  leaves  are  spread  out  for  th] 
healing  of  the  nations. 

But  we  must  fight  the  good  fight  of  fait!1 
and  witness  an  ■overcoming,  of  one  evil  pre 
Density  alter  another,  until  we   can   say  wit 


THE    FRIEND. 


147 


Paul,  "thanks  be  to  God  which  giveth  us 
the  victory  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ." 
Then  after  having  "  gotten  the  victory,"  and 
becoming  "strong  in  the  Lord  and  in  the 
power  of  his  might,"  and  by  keeping  on  the 
whole  armor  of  God,  we  shall  be  able  "to 
stand  against  the  wiles  of  the  devil."  But 
our  standing  may  still  be  a  slippery  and 
a  critical  one.  Like  John  represents  it  to  be 
under  the  figure  of  a  sea  of  glass  mingled 
with  fire.  But  he  says,  "  they  that  had  gotten 
the  victory,  (or  had  witnessed  an  overcoming) 
over  the  beast,  and  over  his  image,  and  over 
his  mark,  and  over  the  number  of  his  name, 
could  not  only  stand,  but  they  could  have 
the  harps  of  God."  But  take  notice,  it  was 
they  that  had  gotten  the  victory  over  the 
beastly  or  satanic  nature  in  all  its  forms,  or 
different  appearances,  that  could  stand  on 
this  slippery  sea.  And  they  could  sing  both 
the  song  of  Moses  their  outward  deliverer 
from  the  outward  bondage  of  oppression,  as 
he  was  leading  them  outwardly  through  the 
wilderness  of  this  world,  towards  an  outward 
inheritance  beyond  Jordan  ;  and  also  they 
could  sing  the  song  of  the  Lamb,  their  spiritual 
deliverer  from  the  bondage  of  sin  and  death, 
and  darkness,  who  is  leading  his  followers  to 
a  spiritual  inheritance  through  Jordan,  that 
is  incorruptible  and  undefiled,  and  that  fadeth 
not  away.  Yes,  the  song  they  could  sing 
was,  "  Great  and  marvellous  are  thy  works 
Lord  God  Almighty  :  just  and  true  are  thy 
waj-s  thou  King  of  saints.  Who  shall  not 
fear  thee,  O  Lord,  and  glorify  thy  name  ?  for 
thou  only  art  holy  ;  for  all  nations  shall  come 
and  worship  before  thee;  for  thy  judgments 
are  made  manifest."  This  is  the  kind  of 
singing  which  they  who  have  overcome  and 
gotten  the  victory  can  sing.  Which  needs  not 
the  embellishment  of  man  to  give  it  note  or 
tune,  so  as  to  make  artificial  music  of  it,  and 
better  to  please  the  carnal  or  impulsive  animal 
nature  in  man.  Such  exciting  sounds  as  tend 
to  please  the  outward  ear,  only  tend  to  close 
the  spiritual  ear,  and  to  make  it  more  dull 
of  hearing  what  the  Spirit  saith  unto  the 
churches.  And  also  to  draw  it  away  from 
the  true  life,  and  to  settle  the  emotional  mind 
on  resemblances  of  heavenly  things,  instead 
of  on  Christ  himself  in  whom  all  shadows 
end.  Then  we  shall  find  that  his  power  is 
over  all  the  powers  of  the  enemy.  And 
that  greater  is  He  that  is  in  us,  than  He  that 
is  in  the  world.  Though  great  is  the  deeeiva- 
bleness  of  unrighteousness  in  them  that  perish. 
And  great  is  the  power  of  Him  who  rules 
and  reigns  in  the  hearts  of  the  children  of 
disobedience.  And  I  believe  that  many,  in 
our  day,  are  mistaking  the  false  radiance  of 
•the  enemy  for  the  true  light.  But  if  we 
follow  the  true  light,  we  shall  not  walk  in 
darkness,  but  shall  enter  into  the  true  fold, 
by  the  light  of  Him  who  is  "the  door  of  the 
sheep,"  and  who  giveth  his  life  for  the  sheep. 
And  we  shall  know  the  voice  of  the  Good 
Shepherd,  and  a  stranger  we  will  not  follow. 
If  we  are  grafted  into  the  true  vine,  we  shall 
not  bring  forth  wild  grapes,  but  shall  bear 
the  peaceable  fruits  of  righteousness.  As  it 
is  impossible  for  a  tree  or  a  vine  to  remain 
vigorous  and  fruitful  without  a  circulation 
and  supply  of  sap  from  the  root;  so  it  is  with 
an  individual  or  a  church.  If  they  remain 
living  and  fruitful,  they  must  continually  re- 
ceive nourishment  from  Him  who  is  the  root 
and  the  offspring  of  David,  the  bright  and 
the   morning    star — the    root   from    whence 


David  sprang,  and  his  offspring  according  to 
the  flesh — •"  the  Alpha  and  Omega.  The  first 
and  the  last."  D.  H 

ThorntowD,  Intl.,  11th  mo.  24th,  1S83. 


A  Summer  in  the  Azores. 

(Continued  from  page  140.) 

A  general  description  will  answer  equally 
well  for  Fayal  and  for  the  other  islands  of  the 
group.  The  outline  of  all,  as  we  see  them 
from  the  water,  is  a  long  ridge  of  conical 
hills, — I  ought  to  say  mountains, — each  with 
a  depression  at  the  top.  Long  straggling  vil- 
lages of  white  houses  on  the  slopes.  The  port, 
or  harbor,  a  semi-circular  roadstead  lying 
open  to  the  sea,  and  exposed  to  all  the  fury 
of  the  winds,  protected  onl}-  by  two  bold  pro- 
montories that  make  the  horns  of  the  crescent- 
shaped  bay. 

The  city  of  Horta,  with  its  little  one-story 
houses,  glaring  white  walls,  and  red  tiled 
roofs,  resembles  the  Swiss  to}-  villages  of  out- 
childhood.  It  lies  along  the  shore  ;  its  prin- 
cipal street  following  the  curve  of  the  sea- 
wall. 

After  a  visit  from  the  healthy  doctor,  as 
the  steward  called  the  health  officer  of  the 
port,  we  were  permitted  to  land.  The  land- 
ing-place is  a  small  wharf,  projecting  from 
beneath  the  frowning  ramparts  of  a  fort.  A 
motley  crowd  surrounded  us  as  we  stepped 
upon  the  quay, — men  and  women  barefooted, 
or  clattering  in  wooden  shoes.  The  men  wore 
gay  woollen  caps  like  those  of  the  Neapolitan 
fishermen  ;  the  pointed  top  tasselled,  and 
banging  over  the  side.  Their  shirts  and 
trousers  were  of  white  linen,  and  over  the 
right  shoulder  they  hung  their  short  jackets 
of  dark  woollen  stuff.  The  women  were  bon- 
netless,  hatless,  with  red,  blue,  or  yellow 
cotton  handkerchiefs  tied  over  their  heads. 
Some  were  entirely  enveloped  in  hooded 
cloaks  of  dark  blue  broadcloth.  The  hood, 
which  is  stiffened  with  whalebone  and  buck- 
ram to  preserve  its  shape,  might  be  taken  for 
a  miniature  chaise-top'  or  the  smoke-jack  of 
a  city  chimney.  The  chief  article  in  the 
trousseau  of  a  well-to-do  Fayalese  bride  is 
this  capote.  It  costs  from  thirty  to  sixty 
dollars.  The  cloak  part  is  a  full  circle,  ex- 
tending to  the  ankles.  All  that  one  sees  of 
the  wearer  of  this  capote  is  the  hands,  and  a 
pair  of  eyes  glistening  as  it  were  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  coal-hod.  The  wearer  holds  the  two 
sides  of  the  hood  together  in  such  a  way  as 
to  hide  her  own  face,  while  she  gives  herself 
ample  opportunit}'  to  peer  out  at  the  Ameri- 
canas.  Nothing  could  be  funnier  than  the 
side-view  of  two  capotes  gossiping  on  the 
street. 

After  a  brief  delay  at  the  custom-house,  we 
proceeded  on  foot  to  the  English  hotel,  so- 
called.  A  small  sign,  swinging  over  the 
sidewalk,  directed  us  to  the  entrance  of  the 
"Hotel  Fayal,"  which  otherwise  does  not 
differ  externally  from  the  ordinaiy  dwellings 
of  the  town.  We  found  here  good  enough 
accommodation, — bare  floors  frequently  wash- 
ed, clean,  hard  beds,  and  a  good  variety  of 
palatable  food.  The  cost  of  living  is  a  Span- 
ish dolkir  ($1.20)  a  day.  The  English  hotel 
has  one  advantage  in  its  fine  garden,  where 
an  invalid  may  swing  in  her  hammock,  sur- 
rounded by  a  sub-tropical  vegetation. 

Like  all  the  other  gardens  and  estates  of 
the  islands,  it  is  enclosed  by  walls  of  lava 
sixteen  feet  high,  and  two  feet  and   a   half 


thick.  Tall  mimosa-trees  shade  the  entrance, 
which  is  flanked  by  immense  ferns,  and  ivies 
of  all  kinds  grow  over  it.  From  the  walls 
droop  flowering  vines  :  maurandia,  trumpet- 
creeper,  and  Cherokee  roses  run  riot  here. 
The  garden  is  laid  out  in  broad  avenues 
shaded  by  ineenso-treea,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  aromatic,  and  the  nuts  are  burned  as  in- 
cense in  the  churches.  Here  are  lemon  and 
orange  trees,  bananas  and  figs,  laden  with 
fruit, — the  latter  already  ripe.  Hundreds  of 
the  white  trumpets  of  the  datura  exhale  their 
sickly  odor,  and  calla  lilies  abound.  There 
are  far  more  beautiful  gaidens  in  Fayal  than 
this  one.  In  them  I  have  seen  growing  the 
cork-oak  and  the  camphor-tree,  the  date,  the 
cocoanut  and  other  palm-trees,  bamboos, 
sugar-cane,  the  acanthus  and  the  olive,  the 
cottee-tree  and  the  tea-plant,  the  rice-paper- 
plant,  guavas,  pineapples,  pomegranates,  mag- 
nolias, Spanish  chestnuts,  and  the  Norfolk- 
Island  pine,  with  an  endless  varietj'  of  vines 
and  flowers  such  as  in  New  England  we  see 
on^  rarely  in  greenhouses.  There  are  long 
hedges  of  camellias,  which  in  early  winter 
will  be  one  mass  of  red  and  white  blossoms; 
the  rarest  roses;  three  or  four  kinds  of  pas- 
sion-flower, among  them  a  pure  white  one 
with  fringed  petals;  the  American  agave; 
ipomceas,  purple,  yellow,  and  a  beautiful  white 
one  that  unfolds  at  night ;  acacias  that  burst, 
as  if  by  magic,  into  rosy  bloom  ;  and  allaman- 
das,  bougainvilleas,  and  stephanotis  in  pro- 
fusion. 

The  houses  of  Horta,  as  of  the  other  towns 
of  the  Azores,  are  built  of  igneous  stone,  cov- 
ered with  plaster,  and  whitewashed.  Those 
of  the  smaller  villages  are  but  one  story  high. 
Though  there  are  whole  streets  of  one  store- 
houses in  Horta,  in  Angra,  and  in  Ponta  Del- 
gada,  the  buildings  of  those  three  Azorean 
cities  are  usually  two  stories  high.  Some 
have  three  ;  and  very  often  a  facade  of  small 
glazed  tiles  of  white  porcelain  with  arabesques 
or  geometric  figures  in  blue,  brown,  green,  or 
yellow.  These  glazed  tiles  are  of  Oriental 
origin,  and  are  much  better  suited  for  inner 
and  outer  walls  in  damp  climates,  than  plas- 
ter or  stucco.  In  the  Portuguese  dominions 
they  are  an  interesting  relic  of  the  Moslem 
occupation  of  the  Spanish  peninsula.  Irving 
speaks  of  them  in  the  Alhambra,  and  says, 
"  Some  are  still  to  be  seen  among  the  Moor- 
ish ruins,  which  have  been  there  upwards  of 
eight  centuries."  When  the  Spaniards  in- 
vaded the  Netherlands,  the  tiles  went  with 
them,  and  their  cleanliness  made  them  ac- 
ceptable to  the  Dutch.  In  old  colonial  days, 
our  forefathers  brought  tbem  to  New  Eng- 
land, where  we  know  them  as  Dutch  tiles ; 
but  they  are  Dutch  only  by  adoption.  They 
are  still  manufactured  in  the  Spanish  penin- 
sula. Those  in  use  in  the  "Western  Islands, 
are  mostly  made  in  Oporto. 

The  houses  are  built  in  continuous  blocks 
close  up  to  the  sidewalk,  the  lower  floor  being 
on  a  level  with  it.  Either  because  living  in 
the  lower  stories  would  be  disagreeable  from 
this  circumstance,  or  on  account  of  the  damp- 
ness, thej*  are  given  up  to  shops,  or  used  only 
as  a  sort  of  inner  court-yard  from  which  en- 
trance to  the  living-rooms  is  made.  This 
court-yard,  or  sagao  as  it  is  named,  is  paved 
in  patterns  with  gray  and  white  pebbles,  and 
has  a  base-board  or  dado  of  bright-colored 
tiles. 

Between  the  two  stories,  a  course  of  hewn 
stone  projects  about  a  foot  and  a  half  from 


148 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  wall,  forming  balconies  upon  which  the 
long  windows  of  the  second  story  open.  They 
are  surrounded  by  high  wooden  balustrades, 
painted  to  match  the  other  trimmings  of  the 
house.  Oftener  they  are  of  lattice-work  of 
elaborate  patterns,  with  half  a  dozen  little 
trap-doors  in  the  front,  lifting  outward.  Be- 
clining  indolently  on  the  balcony  floors,  the 
women  peer  out  curiously  from  the  trap-doors 
at  the  passers-by. 

There  are  but  few  chimneys,  fires  being 
seldom  needed  or  used  except  for  culinary 
purposes.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  half- 
cylindrical  red  pottery  tiles,  laid  in  rows, 
overlapping  end  to  end  from  ridge-pole  to 
eaves,  to  which  they  give  a  scalloped  edge. 
The  seams  made  by  their  adjacent  edges  are 
protected  by  rows  of  inverted  tiles. 

During  the  summer  of  1862  slight  oscilla- 
tions of  the  earth  were  frequent  on  th 
island.  One  hundred  and  twenty  shocks 
occurred  within  ten  days.  They  were  not 
violent,  but  distressing  to  the  inhabitants, 
most  of  whom  left  their  houses,  and  betook 
themselves  to  tents.  They  lived  in  momen 
tary  expectation  of  an  eruption,  not  knowing 
where  or  when  it  might  burst  forth.  A  part 
of  the  consul's  family,  who  were  at  Porto  Pirn, 
feared  it  might  issue  from  Monte  Queimada 
the  burnt  mountain  between  them  and  the 
town,  where  the  rest  of  their  friends  were 
To  their  great  relief  the  shocks  finally  sub 
sided,  the  disturbance  probably  culminating 
in  a  submarine  explosion.  Vessels  coming  in 
from  sea  reported  strange  noises,  and  for  day 
the  ocean  was  covered  with  a  wonderful 
phosphorescence.  The  people  on  the  western 
slopes  of  the  island,  believing  the  sea  to  be  on 
fire,  and  the  end  of  the  world  at  hand,  got  out 
their  images  of  the  saints,  and  chanted  and 
prayed,  night  and  day  on  the  cliffs. 

(To  be   continued.) 

Jewish  Sabbath. — More  than  half  of  the 
population  of  Safed  are  Jews.  They  are  in- 
tensely fanatical,  and  their  social  and  domestic 
institutions  and  manners  comprise  a  mingling 
of  self-righteousness  and  license. 

A  Jew  must  not  carry  on  the  Sabbath  even 
so  much  as  a  pocket-handkerchief,  except 
within  the  walls  of  the  city.  If  there  are  no 
walls,  it  follows,  according  to  their  logic, 
that  he  must  not  carry  it  at  all.  To  avoid 
this  difficulty,  in  Safed  poles  were  set  up  at 
the  ends  of  the  streets,  and  strings  stretched 
from  one  to  the  other.  These  strings  repre- 
sented a  wall,  and  a  conscientious  Jew  could 
carry  his  handkerchief  anywhere  within  their 
limits.  I  was  once  amused  by  a  devout 
Israelite,  who  was  walking  with  mo,  on  his 
Sabbath,  towards  a  grove  of  olive-trees  whero 
my  tent  was  pitched.  When  we  came  to  the 
end  of  the  street,  the  string  was  gone,  and  so 
he  supposed  he  was  at  liberty  to  go  on  with- 
out reference  to  what  ho  had  in  his  pocket, 
because  he  had  not  passed  the  wall.  The 
last  time  I  was  here  they  had  abandoned  (hat 
absurdity,  probably  to  avoid  the  constanl 
ridicule  it  brought  upon  them. 

A  profane  and  most  quarrelsome  .lew  once 
handed  mo  his  watch  to  wind,  just  after  sun 
set  on  Friday  evening.  It  was  then  his 
Sabbath,  and  he  could  not  work.  Thus  they 
"pay  tithe  of  mint,  and  anise  and  cummin  ;" 
"teaching  for  doctrines  the  commandments 
of  men,"  making  void  the  law  of  (lod  by  their 
traditions.  Such  traditions  our  Lord  rebuked 
when    He  declared   that  "the   Sabbath    was 


made  for  man,  and  not  man  for  the  Sabbath.' 
—  Wm.  H.  Thomson's  The  Land  and  The  Booh 


TRUST. 


Vainly  I  strive  through  the  darkness  to  see 

The  path  I  must  tread,  'tis  hidden  from  me. 

Halting  despairingly,  kneeling  I  say 

Father,  I  cannot  go — there  is  no  way  ; 

Lo,  as  [  kneel  at  his  feet,  humbly  bowed, 

My  pathway  is  shown  through  a  break  in  the  cloud. 

No  road  stretching  far  the  horizon  to  meet, 

Only  one  step  in  it,  lying  close  to  my  feet. 

Place  my  feet  in  it — Oh,  Father  above, 

Teach  me  to  trust  in  thy  Infinite  Love. 

The  way  that  is  hidden  from  me  still  thou  knowest, 

Make  me  content  with  the  one  step  thou  showest. 


THE  VOICES  OF  THE  SEA. 
Along  the  shell-wreathed,  shining  strand 

The  old  and  young  went  to  and  fro  ; 
The  sinking  sun  filled  all  the  land 

With  evening's  rich  and  ruddy  glow. 
The  hot  clouds  in  the  amber  west 

Lit  up  the  sea-kissed  shingly  bars, 
And  weary  ones  who  longed  for  rest 

Waited  the  dawning  of  the  stars. 

There  came  the  murmur  of  the  sea 

Along  the  soft  sands  of  the  shore ; 
'Twas  laden  with  deep  mystery, 

And  music  strange  was  in  its  roar. 
And,  as  the  voices  of  the  waves 

Were  borne  upon  the  listening  ears, 
They  sang  alike  of  songs  and  graves, 

Of  sunny  hearts  and  sacred  tears. 

There  passed  a  little  blue-eyed  boy, 

As  sunk  the  sun  on  ocean's  brim ; 
Naught  but  the  sound  of  endless  joy  i 

Across  the  red  waves  came  to  him. 
For  his  bright  fancy  chased  the  sun 

O'er  seas  of  emerald  and  gold  ; 
And  the  sweet  life  he  had  begun 

Its  first  fair  scenes  had  now  unrolled. 

With  merry  heart  a  maiden  came, 

The  shining,  sunlit  sands  along; 
To  her  the  sea  bore  one  dear  name 

Amid  the  burden  of  its  song; 
And  the  ten  thousand  glilterings 

That  stretched  across  the  sunlit  bay, 
Seemed  messengers  on  golden  wings 

From  her  true  loved  one  far  away. 

There  came  a  man  of  full  fourscore 

Into  the  twilight  all  alone; 
To  him  the  sea  broke  on  the  shore 

With  solemn  sway  and  sullen  moan. 
The  voices  of  the  bygone  years 

Came  faintly  on  its  sad  refrain  ; 
Yet  when  he  called,  'mid  rising  tears, 

On  friends,  they  answered  not  again. 

Still  sank  the  sun.     Then  rose  the  stars, 

And  looked  down  on  the  cold  gray  shore; 
Still  solemnly  the  moaning  bars 

Wailed  low  their  music  as  of  yore. 
And  some  with  sad  eyes  met  the  night, 

To  pass  its  watches  all  forlorn  ; 
And  some  there  slept  'mid  visions  bright 

Till  dawned  the  fragrant,  rosy  mom. 

— All  the  Year  Round. 


Selected. 
No  father's  house  is  full, 
E'en  tlio'  there  seems  no  resting  place  for  more  ; 

Forgiving  arms  and  doors  do  open  wide, 
If  one  repentant  child  implore 
Outside. 

No  mother's  heart  is  full, 
Unless  it  be  with  longing,  burning  wild — 
^  Ileart-throbbings  that  no  cheerful  face  can  hide- 
T he  wish  to  clasp  her  sinning  child 
Outside. 

(iod's  Hock  is  never  full. 
Fear  not  to  enter  boldly  at  his  door, 

None  ever  were  refused  who  there  applied  ; 
He  hath  abiding  place  for  more 

[noide. 


Concerning  the  Charity  Ball. 

The  article  which  follows,  was  contributed 
by  the  writer,  two  winters  ago,  to  the  Chris-. 
tian  Statesman,  of  this  city.  My  object  in 
desiring  its  re-publication  at  this  time,  is  tho 
fact  that  a  similar  "  charity-ball"  has  already 
been  announced,  in  usual  course,  and  the 
further  statement  is  made  that  the  proceeds 
of  the  entertainment  are  to  be  given  to  certain 
institutions  in  this  city  devoted  to  the  relief 
of  suffering  humanity. 

It  will  not  do  to  forget,  however,  whilst 
desiring  that  these  institutions  be  kept  in 
generous  and  well-deserved  remembrance, 
that  the  entertainment  from  which  this  gift- 
money  is  proposed  to  be  derived,  is  one  which 
properly  belongs  to  "  Vanity  Fair"  and  its 
patrons,  exclusivelj'.  Likewise,  that  the  sug- 
gested application  of  the  money  for  the  object 
named,  so  far  from  being  such  as  should  meet 
with  encouragement,  should  rather  be  con-j 
temned  by  "the  children  of  light"  and  obedi- 
ence, seeing  that  it  must  have  the  guileful 
effect  of  drawing  to  its  support  not  a  few 
whose  profession  of  religion  ought  to  keep 
them  away  from  such  resorts  of  gaiety  and' 
revelry.  Mournfully  instructive  is  the  ac- 
count of  that  young  woman,  almost  persuaded 
to  be  a  Christian,  who,  despite  the  Holy 
Spirit's  pleading,  decided  to  go  yet  once  more 
to  a  ball,  and  was  brought  back  to  her  home 
a  corpse. 

It  seems  to  me,  therefore,  that  a  plain 
Christian  duty  may  be  exercised  here,  when 
we  consider  our  moral  responsibility  toward 
the  movers  and  the  possible  participants  in 
an  entertainment  of  this  character.  Some  of 
these,  who  will  be  members  of  religious  bodies, 
will  be  proceeding  in  opposition  to  the  whole- 
some discipline  or  advices  of  their  respective 
denominations.  Their  feet  will  be  turned 
from  the  highway  of  holiness,  treading  amid 
scenes  which  must  seriously  imperil  their  im- 
mortal souls.  Is  it  well  to  accept  the  coin 
which  these  deluded  ones  have  paid  as  tho 
price  of  their  sensuous  pleasures?  "Let  no 
man  deceive  you  with  vain  words  :  for  becauso 
of  these  things  cometh  the  wrath  of  God  upon 
the  children  of  disobedience.  Be  not  ye  there 
fore  partakers  with  them."  (Eph.  v.  6,  7.)  This ' 
was  probably  the  consideration  which  not. 
long  ago  animated  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop 
of  Canada,  and  also  a  Protestant  minister  of' 
a  Southern  State,  in  refusing  to  accept  tho 
money  proceeds  from  Fairs  wherein  the  lot- 
tery had  been  an  accompaniment.  But  is  tho 
public  dance  any  less  demoralizing  in  its  ten- 
dency than  the  lottery?  and  can  Christians 
properly  participate  in  the  gains  of  one  any 
more  than  they  can  of  the  other?  Now,  of 
Christian  and  Faithful,  in  Bunyan's  parable, 
we  read:  "But  that  which  did  not  a  little 
amuso  tho  mcrchandizers  was,  that  theso 
Pilgrims  sot  very  light  by  all  their  wares,! 
they  cared  not  so  much  as  lo  look  upon  them;  j 
and  if  they  called  upon  them  to  buy,  they 
would  put  their  fingers  in  their  ears,  and  cry, 
Turn  away  mine  eyes  from  beholding  vanity, 
and  look  upwards,  signifying  that  their  trado 
il  traffic  was  in  Heaven.'' 
The  article  referred  to  in  the  opening  sen- 
tence of  this  communication,  and  which  dwells 
more  particularly  upon  the  economic  aspect 
"  tho  "  charity,"  is  as  follows  : 


When    a   deed    is    done    in    th 
charity,  it  would  seem  almost  uiu 


of 


THE    FRIEND. 


149 


look  too  critically  at  the  reasons  impelling  to 
the  presumably  good  act,  and  yet.  when  Chris- 
tian people  are  pressed  to  lend  their  aid  and 
countenance  to  it,  by  an  appeal  to  motives 
which  ought  not  to  have  place,  it  is  not  well 
to  keep  silence.  For  the  church  and  the 
world  do  indeed  walk  so  closely  together  that 
oftentimes  the  line  of  demarcation  is  by  no 
means  apparent;  whilst  the  simple  are  only 
too  willing  to  be  beguiled  out  of  the  narrow 
way  of  the  cross  and  the  life,  by  the  world's 
specious  and  ready  reasoning. 

"  These  thoughts  have  arisen  in  considering 
the  occurrence  of  the  late  '  Charity  Ball'  in 
this  city,  and  especially  in  connection  with 
that  portion  of  the  appeal  which  was  made 
so  prominent,  to  wit:  that  the  great  amount 
of  work  necessary  for  the  preparation  of  so 
many  elegant  costumes,  must  furnish  employ- 
ment and  be  a  great  help  to  the  class  of  seam- 
stresses and  dressmakers.  I  have  no  means 
of  knowing  what  may  have  been  the  average 
cost  for  the  material  and  making  of  the  many 
hundreds  of  resplendent  dresses  which  were 
brought  out  upon  the  occasion  stated,  but  per- 
haps the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  each 
would  not  be  an  overestimate.  Now,  the 
three  or  five  dollars  cost  of  the  ticket,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  charity,  and  the  one  hundred 
dollars  for  the  attire  of  the  giver,  seems  a 
startling  disparity  to  begin  with  ;  but  our 
present  question,  as  I  said,  is  chiefly  the  mat- 
ter of  employment.  We  will  therefore  sup- 
pose that  the  prospective  owner  of  such  a 
dress  changes  her  mind  and  concludes  that 
she  will  forego  the  anticipated  pleasures  of 
the  ball;  that  in  place  thereof  she  will  provide 
herself  with  an  evening  dress  costing  less  than 
half  the  money,  which  will  servo  her  for  many 
quieter  occasions,  and  that  she  will  give  twice 
tho  cost  of  a  ticket  directly  to  the  charity, 
leaving  her  still  fifty  dollars  to  be  expended 
in  employment  or  otherwise.  With  thirty 
dollars  of  this,  we  will  say,  she  can  purchase 
seasonable  material  for  twentj'  plain  garments 
for  the  barely  clad  Kansas  sufferers,  and  the 
remaining  twenty  dollars  will  recompense  the 
women  who  make  them. 

"Thus  the  result  of  this  second  and  better 
plan  will  have  been  (1)  that  the  charity  di- 
rectly interested  will  have  received  from  her 
twice  the  money  it  otherwise  would  ;  (2)  she 
will  have  provided  herself  with  a  dress  that 
she  can  frequently  wear;  (3)  she  will  have 
avoided  countenancing  an  occasion  whereat  j 
pride,  env}-,  and  scandal,  and  much  else  that! 
is  opposed  to  godliness  must  inevitably  pre- 
vail ;  (4)  she  will  have  given  emplo3'ment  to 
the  dressmakers,  all  the  same;  and  finally,  I 
will  have  added  materially  to  the  comfort  of, 
at  least  twenty  of  her  suffering  fellow-crea- ■ 
tures,  who  will  have  received  from  her  hand 
a  garment  which  will  be  in  daily  use  until 
worn  out.  Far  better  this  exhibit  and  vastly 
Bore  accordant  with  the  Christian  profession, 
than  finding  one's  self  the  possessor  of  a  single  | 
elegant  dress  which,  having  been  worn  once, 
must  either  be  laid  aside  until  the  time  for | 
another  annual  ball  comes  around,  or,  that  it 
may  not  become  unfashionable,  fresh  occa- 
sions be  sought  for  parading  it  in  similar  fes-  j 
tive  places,  where  Christ  and  his  own  faithful 
ones  are  not  to  be  found." 

Josiah  W.  Leeds. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Should  not  parents  feel  a  deep  and  abiding 
religious  obligation  resting  upon  them,  to 
watch  over,  and  to  train  their  respective 
families  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord  which  is  the 
beginning  of  wisdom,  and  in  his  new  covenant 
of  light  and  life? 

Should  they  not,  and  mothers  especially, 
endeavor  to  guard  their  precious  charge — 
beginning  at  a  very  early  age — from  every 
thing  tending  to  promote  pride,  worldliness, 
and  worldly  conformity? 

Should  they  not,  by  prayer  and  supplica- 
tion, and  with  a  solemn  sense  of  the  value  of 
the  souls  thus  intrusted  to  them,  seek  for 
ability  and  grace  to  direct  their  minds  and 
hearts  to  the  place  of  true  waiting,  and  teach 
them  where  and  in  what  manner  the  Saviour, 
through  his  Holy  Spirit,  manifests  himself  for 
the  light,  instruction  and  preservation  of  all? 

And  if  these  efforts  were  simply,  faithfully, 
and  religiously  carried  out  in  living  example 
or  practice — tho  parents  walking  themselves 
in  the  same  holy  counsel — would  not  a  very 
different  and  animating  state  of  things  be 
witnessed  among  us? 

All-hallow  Eve  Myths. 

BY   DAVID   BROWN. 

As  the  world  ''rows  old  and  wise  it  ceases 


last  festival  the  Druids  of  all 
gathered  in  their  white  robes 
stone  altar  or  cairn  on  the  hi! 
stood  an  emblem  of  the  sun,  and 
was  the  sacred  fire,  which  had  be« 
ing  through  the  year.     The  l>i 


tiic  region 
round  the 
top.  Here 
n  the  cairn 
kept  burn- 
ids  formed 


about  the  fire,  and  at  a  signal  quenched  it, 
while  deep  silence  rested  on  the  mountains 
and  valleys.  Then  the  new  fire  gleamed  on 
the  cairn,  the  people  in  the  valley  raised  a 
joyous  shout,  and  from  hill-top  to  hill-top 
other  fires  answered  the  sacred  flame.  On 
this  night  all  hearth-fires  in  the  region  had 
been  put  out,  and  they  were  rekindled  with 
brands  from  the  sacred  fire,  which  was  be- 
lieved to  guard  the  household  through  the 
year. 

But  the  Druids  disappeared  from  their 
sacred  place,  the  cairns  on  the  hill-tops  be- 
came the  monuments  of  a  dead  religion,  and 
Christianity  spread  to  the  barbarous  inhabi- 
tants of  France  and  the  British  Isles.  Yet 
the  people  still  clung  to  their  old  customs, 
and  felt  much  of  the  old  awe  for  them.  Still 
they  built  their  fires  on  the  first  of  [5th  mo.,] 
at  the  solstice  in  [6th  mo.,]  and  on  the  eve  of 
[11th  mo.]  first.  The  Church  found  that  it 
could  not  all  at  once  separate  the  people  from 
their  old  ways,  so  it  gradually  turned  these 
ways  to  its  own  use,  and  the  harvest  festival 
to  believe  in  many  of  its  superstitions.  But, 'of  the  Druids  became  in  the  Catholic  calendar 
although  they  are  no  longer  believed  in,  the  the  Eve  of  All  Saints,  for  that  is  the  meaning 
customs  connected  with  them  do  not  always'of  the  name  ''-All-hallow  Eve."  Intheseventh 
die  out;  they  often  linger  on  through  centu-  'century,  the  Pantheon,  the  ancient  Botnan 
ries,  and,  from  having  once  been  serious  re- 'temple  of  all  the  gods,  was  consecrated  anew 
ligious  rites,  or  something  real  in  the  life  of  to  the  worship  of  the  Virgin  and  of  all  holy 
people,  they  become  at  last  mere  children's  martyrs.  The  festival  of  the  consecration 
plays  or  empty  usages,  often  most  zealously  |was  held  at  first  on  [5th  mo.]  14,  but  it  was 
enjoyed  by  those  who  do  not  understand  their  afterward  changed  to  [11th  mo.]  1,  and  thus 
meaning.  |  All  Saints  Day, as  it  is  now  called,  was  brought 

Still  other  customs  have  been  parts  of  a  into  connection  with  the  Druid  festival.  This 
heathen  religion,  and  when  that  religion  was 'union  of  a  holy  day  of  the  Church  with  pagan 
supplanted  by  Christianity  the  people  hekFcustoms  gave  new  meaning  to  the  heathen 
on  to  the  old  customs,  although  they  had  lost  rites  in  the  minds  of  the  common  people,  and 
their  first  significance.  Ithe  fires  which  once  were  built  in   honor  of 

For  instance,  when  a  party  of  boys  and  'tho  sun  they  came  to  think  were  kindled  to 
girls  are  out  in  a  sail-boat,  and  the  wind  dies  lighten  Christian  souls  out  of  purgatory, 
down,  some  one  says,  "  Whistle  for  the  wind."  j  But  by  its  separation  from  the  solemn 
A  boy  whistles,  and  they  all  laugh,  for  it  character  of  the  Druid  festival,  All-hallow 
seems  a  good  joke  to  think  of  raising  the(Eve  lost  much  of  its  ancient  dignity,  and  be- 
wind  by  a  whistle.  But  it  was  a  serious  came  the  carnival-night  of  the  year  for  wild, 
thing  to  the  sailors  of  old  time,  for  to  them ! grotesque  rites. — St.  Nicholas. 
the  whistle  was  an  imitation  of  the  sound  ofi  .  . 

the  winds,  and  their  intention  in  making  it       ■«■«-«-  ,„„„  „  r.*,.~,       ™-.,  i  .,  ,   „  i   <  n  „* 

.,,.',  ,        .    ,  .    ,  ,         t    °.u  A  ever  was  a  strong  mind  more  intellectii- 

was  that  the  gods  might  hear,  and  make  the,    „    confident  of  the  falsehood  of  Christianity 
real  wmds  blow.     But  a  better  illustration  of  ^   Sa(l]  fjf  ,^^.   ^  wbcn  christ  ^ 

evealed  to  him  all  his  dialectic  reasonings 


Trust  through  the  dark  brings  triumph  in 
the  dawn. 


all  this  is  our  All  hallow  Eve  festival.  Its 
history  is  that  of  a  custom  which  has  passed 
from  the  worship  of  heathen  gods  into  the 
festivities  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  has 
sunk  at  last  into  a  mere  sport. 

All  hallow  Eve  is  now,  in  our  country  towns, 
a  time  of  careless  frolic,  and  of  great  bonfires, 
which.  I  hear,  are  still  kindled  on  the  hill- 
tops in  some  places.  We  also  find  these  fires 
in  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  from 
their  history  we  learn  the  meaning  of  our 
celebration.  The  early  inhabitants  of  Great 
Britain,  Ireland,  and  parts  of.  France  were 
known  as  Celts,  and  their  religion  was  directed 
by  strange  priests  called  Druids.  Three  times 
in  the  year,  on  the  first  of  [5th  mo.,]  for  the 
sowing  ;  at  the  solstice,  [6th  mo.]  21,  for  the 
ripening  and  turn  of  the  year;  and  on  the 
eve  of  [11th  mo.]  1,  for  the  harvesting,  those 
nrysterious  priests  of  the  Celts,  the  Druids, 
built  fires  on  the  hill-tops  in  France,  Britain, 
and  Ireland,   in   honor  of  the  sun.     At  this 


lost  their  power  in  a  moment.  His  Judaism 
dropped  like  a  moth-eaten  garment  from  his 
intellect  the  instant  he  was  conscious  that 
Christ  had  spoken  to  his  heart.  And  it  is 
ever  thus.  When  skeptics  feel  the  truth  in 
their  hearts  and  j'ield  to  it,  doubt  evaporates 
like  vapors  from  their  intellects.  To  win  the 
heart,  therefore,  is  to  win  the  man. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Sulphuric  Acid  from  Pyrites. — It  is  now 
stated  that  sulphuric  acid  can  bo  made  as 
cheaply  from  our  native  iron  pyrites  (iron 
and  sulphur)  as  from  imported  brimstone; 
and  that  the  saving  in  freight  will  enable 
manufacturers  to  reduce  the  price  of  the 
acid.  Immense  deposits  of  pyrites  are  found 
in  Virginia.  The  uses  of  sulphuric  acid  in 
the   arts  arc  so   varied   and   extensive,  that 


150 


THE    FRIEND. 


this  employment  of  pyrites  will  probably  lead 
to  the  opening  of  many  mines  of  it. 

The  occurrence  of  Water-animals  in  the.  Aus- 
tralian Desert.  — The  sand-hills  and  stony 
plains  that  cover  the  greater  part  of  the  in- 
terior of  Australia  are  but  seldom  visited  by 
rain,  sometimes  not  for  a  period  of  two  or 
three  years.  Consequently  all  animals  living 
habitually  in  this  region  are  capable  of  doing 
without  water  for  long  periods.  After  a  rain 
the  water  collects  in  shallow  pools  on  the 
clay-pans  and  in  the  hollows  on  the  stony 
table-lands,  but  it  is  soon  evaporated  by  the 
fierce  sun. 

One  day  after  a  shower  (the  first  in  two 
years)  as  I  was  riding  across  a  clay-pan,  I 
observed  a  strange  rippling  of  the  water  in 
one  of  the  shallow  puddles.  On  examination 
I  found  the  water  to  be  swarming  with  a 
species  of  crustaceans,  measuring  about  an 
inch  across.  Now  the  astonishing  part  was 
that  the  rain  had  fallen  two  days  before  and 
that  that  was  the  first  time  it  had  done  so  for 
certainly  two  years.  The  clay-pan  was  in  the 
sand-hill  country,  sixty  miles  away  from  any 
water  course,  'it  had  been  baking  in  the 
sun,  swept  by  the  hot  wind,  covered  and  un- 
covered with  drift  sand,  and  yet  two  days 
after  a  slight  shower,  the  pools  were  swarm- 
ing with  full-grown  animals. 

A  few  miles  further  on  I  camped  on  the 
stony  plains  by  a  small  pool  of  water  collected 
from  the  same"  rain  ;  in  this  I  found  dozens  of 
another  species  of  crustacean,  a  great  number 
of  tadpoles,  and  a  young  fish  about  an  inch 
and  a  half  long.  Now  this  seemed  to  me 
more  wonderful.  How  could  the  egg  of  a 
fish  exist  that  length  of  time  in  the  earth 
baked  like  a  cinder?  The  eggs  must  have 
been  buried  rather  deeply,  and  then  when 
moisture  reached  them  developed  rapidly.  In 
the  face  of  facts  like  these  we  must  grant  that 
animal  germs  have  far  more  vitality  than  we 
arc  accustomed  to  grant  them.  —  Edw.  B. 
Sanger  in  American  Naturalist. 

Habits  of  the  Panther  in  California.— -The 
McCloud  Biver  panthers  will  always  run 
from  a  dog.  When  he  finds  the  dog  closing 
on  him,  he  jumps  into  a  tree.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  the  panther  jumps  into  the  tree 
so  as  to  bo  in  a  position  to  pounce  upon  the 
dog  when  he  comes  up.  When  there,  he 
watches  the  dog  constantly,  no  matter  how 
near  the  hunter  comes  up  to  him.  As  long 
as  the  dog  remains  barking  under  the  tree 
and  absorbing  the  panther's  attention,  the 
hunter  is  perfectly  safe. 

Panthers  are  seldom  seen  roaming  about 
by  day.  On  the  McCloud  River  I  believe 
they  spend  the  day  for  the  most  part  in  the 
inaccessible  parts  of  the  limestone  cliffs,  which 
cap  the  mountain  summits.  One  day  I  fol 
lowed  a  panther's  trail  far  up  the  side  of 
Mt.  Persephone.  The  panther  tracks  grew 
thicker  and  plainer  as  the  mountain  side  grew 
steeper,  and  the  limestone  cliffs  came  nearer. 
When  about  3,000  feet  up,  the  mountain  be- 
came very  steep  and  precipitous  and  ended  in 
a  blank-,  smooth,  vertical  wall  of  rock  about 
20  feet  high.      Tin:  panther   tracks  continued 


Habits  of  the  Beaver. — George  Daniels  while 
preparing  subjects  for  the  State  Cabinet  of 
Kansas,  made  some  researches  in  the  adjoin- 
ing Indian  Territory,  where  he  found  undis- 
turbed beaver  communities.  After  securing 
three  specimens  of  the  animal  for  the  State 
Cabinet,  he  embraced  the  opportunity  of  ob- 
serving its  method  of  work. 

With  two  assistants  the  dam  of  an  undis- 
turbed family  was  broken  down  to  the  bottom, 
displacing  a  large  log  which  formed  its  base. 
His  companions  then  returned  to  camp  ;  while 
he,  secreted  in  the  bushes  close  by,  awaited 
the  result. 

He  says  :  "At  early  twilight  five  beavers 
came  out  from  holes  in  the  bank  and  looked 
the  devastation   all    over.      The   first   effort 

as  to  get  back  to  its  place  the  bed  log.  It 
was  wet,  heavy  and  slippery,  their  united 
strength  could  hardly  move  it,  so  that  after 
tugging  a  quarter  of  an  hour  it  was  aban- 
doned. They  then  went  down  the  stream, 
gathering  up  the  sticks  of  the  old  dam  ;  the 
smaller  ones  were  held  above  the  water,  the 
arger  ones  towed  up,  the  beaver  holding  by 
the  teeth,  and  swimming  by  the  side. 

"  There  was  standing  on  the  bank  directly 
above  'the  dam,  a  willow  tree  some  twenty 
inches  in  diameter.  The}'  all  gathered  about! 
this  tree,  one  on  the  upper  side,  all  the  others 
on  the  lower  side  next  the  dam.  Those  be- 
low  applied    their  teeth    to   the   trunk    like 

eat  gouges,  all  in  turn  as  one  became  tired, 
so  that  in  less  time  than  a  man  with  an  axe 
would  have  done  it,  the  tree  tottered  to  its 
fall.  All  at  once  withdrew  from  the  lower 
side,  while  the  master  mechanic  began  cauti- 
ously to  cut  away  the  remaining  support. 
This  was  done,  cutting  a  little  here,  and  a 
little  there,  often  looking  upward,  so  that  the 
tree  fell  with  a  crash  squarely  upon  and  across 
the  crevice  in  the  old  dam.  The  tree  was  held 
several  feet  above  the  dam  by  its  branches, 
and  the  beavers  all  disappeared  in  the  water. 
I  could  not  see  what  they  were  doing,  but 
the  tree  began  to  settle  and  soon  rested  on 
the  dam.  They  had  cut  off  the  branches 
which  held  it  up. 

"Then  commenced  the  process  of  closing 
the  breach.  A  beaver  would  draw  up  a  fair 
'cord  wood'  stick  upon  the  dam,  raise  it  on 
end,  hugging  it  against  his  shoulder  and  neck, 
letting  it  slide  diagonally  up  stream,  leaning 
against  the  fallen  tree.  In  the  meantime  a 
beaver  at  the  bottom  was  digging  a  'post 
hole,'  and  guiding  the  post  to  its  place.  When 
this  was  done  the  digger  would  come  to  the 
surface  to  breathe,  while  the  one  on  the  log 
would  cut  off  the  stick  if  too  long  for  fair 
work.  When  the  sticks  of  the  old  dam  wore 
all  used,  they  would  go  into  the  bushes  and 
soon  return,  backing  out  and  dragging  along 
a  stick,  which  was  placed  in  the  same  manner. 
This  was  repeated  until  the  whole  gap  was 
filled.  The  process  of  covering  this  wood 
work  with  earth,  leaves,  bog  or  whatever 
came  to  hand  was  done  as  —  Collins  described 
what  he  witnessed  in  Nova  Scotia,  hugging 
a  mass  against  chin  and  neck,  and  swimming 
with  hind  feel  and  tail.     And   thus,  forgetful 


from  sea  weed,  the  color  from  fuchsine,  or 
some  other  similar  material,  and  the  flavor  is 
given  b}-  a  compound  in  which  there  is  not  a 
drop  of  gooseberry  juice,  but  which  is  com- 
posed of  acetic  ether,  tartaric  acid  and  other 
chemicals. 

The  flavors  of  strawberry,  pine-apple,  melon, 
apple,  pear,  cherry,  peach,  apricot  and  plum 
are  also  imitated  by  chemical  compounds. 

Injurious  to  Health. — About  120  women  and 
girls  are  daily  employed  in  Washington  in 
counting  currency.  They  work  at  it  from  9 
a.  M.  to  4  p.  si.,  and  are  very  expert.  But  it 
is  stated  that  the  arsenic  in  the  paper  soon 
affects  their  health,  and  after  a  few  years 
arsenic  sores  appear  on  the  hands  and  face. 
In  many  manufactures  the  use  of  poisonous 
substances  has  grown  to  be  a  considerable 
evil,  impairing  the  health  of  workmen  in  sub- 
tle, but  certain,  ways. 

The  English  Sparrow  "playing  possum." — 
E.  E.  Fish,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Buffalo 
Naturalist's  Field  Club,  relates  the  following 
case.  "  Among  the  birds,  only  the  English 
Sparrow  have  I  known  to  make  use  of  this 
subterfuge.  One  morning  I  saw  four  or  five 
of  these  little  pugilists  engaged  in  a  terrific 
fight  among  themselves.  They  had  picked 
and  hammered  one  another  in  the  slushy 
snow,  and  appeared  reckless  of  surroundings. 
I  stepped  up  quietly  and  with  a  quick  move- 
ment caught  one  of  them  before  be  could  rise 
to  fly.  lie  immediately  put  on  the  appear- 
ance of  death  and  lay  in  my  hand  on  his  side, 
motionless,  and  as  I  supposed,  lifeless.  I 
smoothed  his  soiled  plumage  and  stretched 
out  his  wings  to  examine  the  quills,  feeling 
pity  for  the  little  fellow's  untimely  'taking 
off,'  killed  in  a  brawl.  I  had  gone  a  block  to 
Pearl  street,  in  which  were  large  elms,  when 
all  at  once,  as  if  by  magic,  he  straightened 
up,  and,  like  a  flash,  darted  out  of  my  hand 
and  flew  to  the  top  of  one  of  the  highest  trees, 
where  he  trimmed  his  dishevelled  feathers." 


up  to  the  very  base  of  this  rock-,  which  of  of  time,  1  watched  with  absorbing  and  often 
course  having  reached,  they  sprang  to  the  with  almost  breathless  interest,  the  progress 
top  of,  and  once  there  were  sale  from  every-  ol  the  work,  so  that  when  darkness  faded 
thing.  No  Indian  could  follow  them  there,  into  daylight  the  dam  was  completed,  the 
no  dogs  could  track  them  there,  no  while  tired  workers  had  retired,  and  I  left  for  camp, 
hunter  with  his  rifle  could  reach  their  in-1  repeating  the  resolution,  'I  have  killed  my  last 
accessible  retreat. —  h.  Stone  in  Forest  mid  beavor,  the  very  last.' " — Forest  and  Stream. 
Stream.  !     Artificial  Gooseberry  Jelly.— This  is   made 


— Mennonite  Conferences. — At  a  recent  Conference 
in  Indiana,  especial  reference  was  made  to  worldly 
conformity,  display  of  fineries  and  personal  adorn- 
ment, as  things  which  should  not  be  indulged  in  by 
the  followers  of  Jesus. 

At  a  Conference  in  Missouri,  it  was  explained 
that  there  was  no  saving  power  attributed  by  their 
people  to  Water  Baptism,  but  that  it  was  simply  a 
rite  of  initiation  into  the  Church.  Feet-washing 
they  regarded  and  used  as  a  church  ordinance  be- 
cause it  was  commanded  by  our  Saviour,  and  be- 
cause it  represents  humility  and  preferring  others 
before  themselves.  The  practice  of  attending  fairs 
was  severely  censured.  Those  brethren  who  do  not 
shave  were  asked  to  wear  the  hair  on  the  upper  lip 
short.  "  It  was  agreed  that  when  a  member  has 
been  found  guilty  of  a  grave  offence,  but  confessed 
his  guilt  and  asks  the  forgiveness  of  the  church,  and 
promises  to  live  a  better  life,  and  desires  to  hold 
membership,  that  such  a  member  should  not  be  ex- 
pelled." 

It  is  pleasant  and  satisfactory  to  notice 
the  concern  exhibited  by  this  worthy  body 
of  people  to  observe  the  Scripture  command, 
••He  not  conformed  to  this  world," — for  a 
spirit  of  worldlincss  is  destructive  to  the 
spiritual  life  of  all  who  givo  place  to  it.  And 
wc  could  rejoice  if,  in  the  revelations  of  tho 
Light  of  Christ  to  them,  they  could  see  be- 
yond those  ordinances  to  which  they  are  at- 
tached, and  become  so  settled  under  the  teach- 
ings and  leadings  ol'  Christ,  as  to  place  no 
COnfidenCO  in  outward   rites;   which  were  not 


THE    FRIEND, 


151 


intended  to  be  permanently  observed  in  the 
Christian  Church. 

— The  Duke  of  Wellington  on  War.— The  Earl  of 

Shaftesbury  recently  related  the  following  incident: 
— "He  once  travelled  to  Hatfield  with  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  who  as  they  passed  through  a  lovely 
country,  turned  to  hirn,  after  a  long  silence,  and 
said,  '  Can  you  guess  what  I  have  been  thinking 
of?'  Being  answered  in  the  negative,  he  said,  'I 
have  been  looking  at  this  country,  where  everything 
is  beautiful  and  fills  the  heart  with  joy ;  and  I  was 
thinking  that,  if  I  had  to  take  military  possession 
of  it,  I  should  have  to  lay  waste  that  beauty  and 
dispel  that  joy,  and  produce  instead  nothing  but  de- 
vastation and  misery.'  Then  the  duke  added,  with 
a  depth  of  feeling  he  should  never  forget,  '  If  you 
had  seen  but  one  day  of  war  in  the  course  of  your 
life,  you  would  pray  before  God  that  you  might 
never  see  another.'  "  In  giving  his  reasons  for  con- 
ceding Catholic  Emancipation,  he  said  1 3d  mo.  21st, 
1829) :  '  My  Lords,  I  have  passed  more  of  my  life  in 
war  than  most  men,  and  I  may  say  in  civil  war,  and 
if  I  could  avoid,  by  any  sacrifice  whatever — if  I 
could  avoid,  even  for  one  month,  a  civil  war,  in  a 
country  to  which  I  am  attached,  I  would  sacrifice 
my  life  to  do  it." 

—  Catholic  BMops  on  Secret  Societies. — In  a  Pas- 
toral Letter  issued  from  a  recent  meeting  of  Catholic 
Bishops  in  New  York  city,  is  the  following  para- 
graph:— "Another  most  important  question  which 
has  occupied  our  serious  consideration  during  this 
Provincial  Council  has  been  the  nature  and  t 
secret  societies.  Guided  by  the  example  of  sover- 
eign pontiffs,  as  well  as  by  our  experience  of  past 
years,  which  have  impressed  upon  our  minds  so 
many  sad  lessons,  we  earnestly  beseech  you  to  re- 
gard secret  societies  as  societies  with  which  you  can- 
not be  connected  or  which  you  cannot,  in  any  way, 
abet  or  encourage." 

— Pennsylvania  Pence  Societij. — The  17th  annual 
meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia  on  11th  mo.  29th. 
Many  letters  expressing  sympathy  with  the  cause  of 
peace  were  received;  among  these  were  communi 
cations  from  President  Arthur,  and  Tseng,  the  Min 


adopt  such  a  principle,  a  guard  is  placed  over 
the  conclusions,  by  confining  the  deliberations 
and  decisions  to  persons  previously  selected, 
or  in  certain  official  positions,  who  form  the 
Synods,  Conferences,  &c,  by  whom  rules  are 
adopted  and  questions  decided. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  business  meetings 
of  the  Soeiet}'  of  Friends  are  open  to  all  their 
members  ;  and  if  it  should  come  to  be  the  rule 
among  us,  that  doubtful  or  disputed  questions 
were  to  be  settled  by  plurality  of  voices,  we 
might  find  young,  inexperienced  and  impul- 
sive persons  assuming  the  control  and  lead- 
ing the  Society  into  many  inconvenient  or 
even  hurtful  things.  There  was  less  danger 
of  this  in  former  times,  because  the  business 
meetings  were  confined  to  those  who  were 
somewhat  grown  and  established  in  the  Truth, 
and  the  younger  members  were  not  then  ex- 
pected to  be  present,  until  they  had  been  in- 
vited to  attend.  Joseph  Pike  relates  in  his 
journal,  that  when  about  20  years  of  age, 
being  then  under  religious  exercise,  sober  in 
conversation  and  plain  in  his  appearance,  he 
was  invited  to  attend  the  men's  meeting,  in 
which  for  some  years  he  sat  as  a  learner  be- 
fore venturing  to  take  much  active  part  in 
the  business.  And  in  his  old  age  he  wrote 
ilsofjan  epistle  to  Friends,  in  which  he  advises 
them  not  to  admit  3'oung  men  into  their  meet- 
ings for  discipline,  unless  they  are  sober,  or- 
derly, plain  and  exemplary,  and  such  as  "  will 
be  condescending  to  godly  elders,  and  not  be 
likely  either  in  words  or  spirit  to  oppose 
them  :  for  I  have  observed,"  he  adds,  "  some 
who  have  been  admitted  without  these  quali- 
fications, have  in  time  proved  great  troublers 
to  the  church,  especially  if  they  had  fluent 
tongues." 

But  even   in   those  early  days,  when  the 


ister  of  China  to  France.     A  telegram  was  sent  to  meetings  for  discipline  were  far  more  select 
the  President  of  the  United  States  desiring  him  to  than  is  now  the  ca8     there  was  no  8Uch       ;n. 

JKf1,n,wt™t^COm,ng  meSSage'  a  recommeQda-  ciple   recognized,   as  decision    by  majorities. 


tion  of  arbitration 


THE    FRIEND. 


TWELFTH  MONTH  15, 


by  majoriti 
In  his  Anarchy  of  the  Ranters,  Robert  Barclay 
lays  down  the  principles,— that  the  Spirit  of 
God  is  the  only  proper  judge  of  controversies 
— that  in  a  living  Church  this  Spirit  will  not 
be  wanting  to  illuminate  the  minds  of  those 
who  are  led  and  guided  by  it,  who  only  con- 
rue  Church — that   it  is   not  the 


The  peculiar  manner  in  which  the  Suv/.^j-  ctitnto  the  true  Church — th 
of  Friends  settle  questions  which  arise  in  judgment  of  the  plurality  w 
their  deliberative   assemblies,  is  one  of  the  jcepted,  but  that  wnich  comes  from  the  1  ruth 


fruits  of  their  belief,  that  in  a  healthy  state  ot 
the  Church,  Christ,  its  holy  head,  is  ever  pre- 
sent, influencing  the  hearts  of  those  who  are 
■waiting  upon  Him  for  counsel,  and  enabling 
them  to  come  to  a  substantial  agreement  as 
to  the  right  course  to  be  pursued.  The  de- 
cision of  such  questions,  from  a  Quaker  stand- 
point, does  not  depend  on  the  number  of  per- 
sons who  may  incline  in  one  direction  or  an- 
other, any  further  than  as  this  may  indicate 
the  mind  of  the  Spirit,  which  is  regarded  as  the 
source  of  all  authority,  and  the  true  standard 
to  which  all  church  action  must  conform. 
Therefore,  in  endeavoring  to  gather  the  sense 
and  judgment  of  a  meeting,  the  clerk,  on 
whom  this  duty  devolves,  will  naturally  and 
properly  give  greater  weight  to  the  expres- 
sions of  the  older  and  more  experienced  mem- 
bers, especially  if  their  words  are  accompanied 
with  a  measure  of  that  holy  anointing  which 
shows  that  they  are  speaking  under  a  Divine 
influence.  Those  who  do  not  fully  believe  in 
the  reality  of  this  heavenly  help  in  the  trans 
action  of  the  affairs  of  the  Church,  have  re 


whether  through  one  or  more. 

We  have  referred  to  this  subject,  in  accord- 
ance with  a  request  received  from  a  Friend 
residing  at  a  distance,  who.  we  suppose,  be- 
lieved there  was  need  of  clearer  views  on  the 
part  of  some.  It  was  prominently  brought 
to  notice  in  the  New  Jersey  trial,  to  decide 
the  ownership  of  certain  trust  funds,  after  the 
separation  of  1827.  The  position  taken 
regard  to  it  by  the  Society  of  Friends, 
clearly  expressed  by  some  of  the  witnesses 
who  were  examined  on  that  occasion.  Among 
those  was  Samuel  Settle,  the  elder,  who  was 
Clerk  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  at  the 
time  of  the  separation.  In  his  examination, 
as  printed  in  Foster's  Reports,  vol.  1,  p.  64, 
we  find  the  following  statement,  in  reply  to 
query,  "  In  the  meetings  for  business  of  the 
Society,  how  are  questions  decided  ?" 

"  Our  mode  of  deciding  questions  is  peculiar. 
It  is  intimately  connected  with  our  religious 
principles  and  doctrines."  "  The  Society  be- 
lieve, and  it  is  one  of  their  peculiar  and  dis- 
tinguishing   doctrines,    that    there    may   be 


and  in  our  meetings  for  business,  we  also  hold 
that  it  is  needful  to  experience  the  same  power 
to  qualify  us  for  right  discernment,  and  to 
restrain  our  own  spirit  and  will;  and  we  do 
believe  that  when  our  meetings  have  been 
thus  in  degree  influenced,  there  have  been 
wisdom  and  judgment  better  than  our  own  ; 
consistent  with  the  prophetic  declaration  re- 
specting the  blessed  Head  of  the  Church,  that 
'  He  should  be  a  spirit  of  judgment  to  those 
who  sit  in  judgment.'  With  these  views  and 
a  corresponding  practice,  though  deeply  sen- 
ble  of  the  weakness  and  frailty  of  man  when 
left  to  himself,  whether  in  an  individual,  or 
collective,  or  social  capacity — our  Society  has 

i  favored  to  come  to  its  decisions  and 
conclusions  at  its  various  meetings,  with  a 
emarkable  degree  of  harmony  and  unity. 
These  conclusions  thus  prevailing  in  a  meet- 
or  in  other  words,  this  sense  of  the  meet- 
ing, is  often  attained  to  with  very  little  ex- 
pression— and  the  member  acting  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  Clerk,  records  this  sense,  feeling,  or 
conclusion  of  the  meeting.  And  it  has  never 
een  come  to  by  a  vote,  or  the  opinion  of  the 
majority — no  question  is  ever  taken  by  refer- 
ence to  numbers,  or  votes,  or  a  majority,  or 
anything  like  that.  It  is  obtained  upon  re- 
"gious  principles,  which  we  understand  very 
■ell,  but  which  it  is  difficult  to  explain.  We 
have  got  along  in  this  way  for  near  two  cen- 
turies very  well." 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Clerk  to  gather  the 
solemn  deliberative  sense  of  the  meeting,  and 
record  it.  This  method  of  acting  lies  at  the 
very  basis  of  Quakerism,  and  has  always  been 
fundamental  with  us." 

Similar  views  were  expressed  by  several  of 
the  other  witnesses;  and. the  evidence  offered 
fully  sustained  this  as  the  settled  usage  of  the 
Society ;  so  that  in  the  decision  of  the  suit, 
rendered  by  Chief  Justice  Ewing,  he  speaks 
of  it  as  a  point  fully  established.  He  says  :— 
'  One  of  the  peculiar  and  distinguishing 
characteristics  of  this  people,  consists  in  their 
mode  of  transacting  business  and  arriving  at 
conclusions;  in  which,  rejecting  totally  the 
principle  that  a  majority,  as  such,  is  to  rule, 
or  decide,  or  govern,  they  arrive  at  an  unity 
of  resolution  and  action,  in  a  mode  peculiar 
•     .1   ..„„„!„,,„  >>     -'The  minutes  and   journals 

of  the  various   meetings.  n>.u  „■'      .  ,  . 

the  bounds  of  this  Yearly  Meeting,  but  within 
the  pale  of  the  whole  society,  do  not  furnish, 
so  far  as  we  are  able  to  learn,  a  single  record 
of  a  vote  taken,  or  a  count  of  numbers." 

It  must  be  obvious  to  areflecting  mind,  that 
the  method  of  arriving  at  a  judgment,  which 
has  characterized  the  Society  of  Friends,  rests 
on  the  assumption  that  their  meetings  con- 
tain those  whose  religious  experience  enables 
them  to  distinguish  the  voice  of  Christ  from 
the  suggestions  of  their  own  self-will  or  im- 
agination ;  and  that  such  a  method  is  not 
likely  to  be  used  by  a  body  of  people  who  are 
conscious  that  they  are  not  so  living  under 
the  government  of  Christ,  as  to  have  reason- 
able ground  to  hope  that  His  Spirit  will  be 
a  light  to  their  path  ;  or  who  have  not  that 
living  faith  in  his  Divine  guidance  which  was 
a  marked  feature  of  the  early  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends. 


course  to  the  principle  of  majorities-but  in  I  secret  approach  to  and  worship  of  God,  with- 
nearly  or  perhaps  all  the  denominations  which  |  out  any  ceremonial  outward  act,  or  service- 


In  another  page  of  our  paper 


will  be  found 
a  timely  and  sensible  article  on  Charity  Balls, 
which  so  clearly  shows  the  evils  of  that 
method  of  raising  funds,  that  it  does  not  seem 
needful  to  add  thereto. 


152 


THE    FRIEND. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  President's  Message  refers  to 
the  friendly  relations  of  this  with  foreign  governments. 
In  view  of  the  rapid  reduction  of  the  national  debt,  and 
that  only  $305,000,000  of  the  three  per  cent,  bonds  are 
now  within  early  reach  of  the  Government;  nearly 
200,000,000  of  which  are  held  by  the  Treasury  as  part 
basis  for  the  national  bank  circulation,  the  cancellation 
of  which  would  produce  a  contraction  of  the  currency, 
he  recommends  a  law  repealing  the  tax  and  circulation, 
and  permitting  the  banks  to  issue  notes  to  the  amount 
of  90  per  cent,  of  the  market  value  of  their  deposited 
bonds,  instead  of  the  full  value.  He  does  not  favor  a 
reduction  of  tariff  duties  or  internal  taxes  at  the  present 
time.  Advises  that  the  Trade  Dollar  be  received  as 
bullion  at  a  small  per  cent,  above  the  market  value  of 
silver.  He  advises  the  repeal  of  the  act  organizing  the 
Territory  of  Utah.  That  Alaska  should  be  placed 
under  organized  civil  government,  and  further  mea- 
sures for  the  preservation  of  our  forests  be  enacted. 

The  President  suggests  a  better  law  in  regard  to  the 
succession  of  the  Presidency,  in  case  of  the  death  or  dis- 
ability of  both  President  and  Vice-President.  He  also 
repeats  a  recommendation  for  a  constitutional  amend- 
ment that  will  enable  the  Executive  to  veto  objection- 
able items  in  appropriation  bills,  without  defeating  the 
entire  bills. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  has  transmitted  to 
Congress  the  estimates  of -appropriations  required  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  6th  mo.  30th,  1885.  The  amount, 
estimated  as  required  for  all  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment, is  §283,125,305,  which  is  22,323,282  less  than  the 
aggregate  of  appropriations  for  the  present  fiscal  year, 
and  3557,154,857  less  than  the  sum  called  for  in  the  esti- 
mates submitted  last  year.  The  estimates,  which  show 
an  increase  over  the  amounts  appropriated  last  year, 
are  as  follows:  Civil  establishment,  $547,216;  military 


ablishment,  $1,615,055; 


[establishment,  $6,767,- 


Of  the  whole  number  174  were  males,  160  females:  49 
died  of  consumption  ;  31  of  pneumonia;  19  of  croup; 
18  of  diphtheria;  16  of  convulsions,  and  12  of  scarlet 
fever. 

Markets,  &e—  U.  S.  4$'s,  114$;  4's,  registered,  122f; 
coupon,  123|;  3's,  101;  currency  6's,  127  a  134. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  and  prices 
were  weak.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  10|  a 
10J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8|  a  8|-  cts.  for  export, 
and  9J  a  9J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  dull  but  steady,  with  sales  of  2000  barrels, 
including  Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  §6  ;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  §6,  and 
patents  at  1:6  a  $0.75.  Rye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.62$ 
a  §3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher  :  8700  bushels 
red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  »1.14|  a  $1.16;  No. 
2  at  $1.07 J  a  $1.14!  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
DeIaware,No.  3  red  at  99$  cts.  per  bushel;  and  70,000 
bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.07  a  $1,081  12th  mo.,  $1.09$  a 
$1.10  1st  mo.,  $1.12  a  $1.12$  2d  mo.,  and  §1.14  a  $1.14$ 
3rd  mo.  Corn — Car  lots  were  %m  ;  about  11,000 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60  a  03  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  prime  yellow;  and  new  at  57  a  58  cts.;  and 
50,000  bushels  sail  mixed  at  63J  a  65  cts.  12th  mo., 
63  a  634L  cts.  1st  mo.,  63J  a  64  cts.  2d  mo.,  and  63^  a  64 
cts.  3rd  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  firmly  held.  About 
10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  38  a  41  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  20,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at 
40  a  40$  cts.  12th  mo.,  40$  a  40J  cts.  1st  mo.,  414,  a  423; 
cts.  2d  mo.,  and  42  a  43  3d  mo.  Kye  was  unchanged. 
~mall  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  12th 
to.  8th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  458;  loads  of  straw,  92; 
.verage  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  75  a  85 
ts.  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  60  a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  60  a  70  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  :  3300  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a  7  cts.  per  lb.,  the 
latter  rate  for  extra. 

Sheep  continue  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were 
teady  :  12,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  3  a  5$  cts.,  and 


314;  Indian  affairs,  $2,427,423;  public  works,  $11,789. 
363;  postal  service,  $2,942,087;  miscellaneous,  $1,- 
162,917. 

The  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  says 
that  the  collections  of  internal  taxes  already  made  for 

the  current  fiscal  year  are  at  the  rate  of  $123,000,000   lambs  at  4  a  6$  cts.  per  lb. 
per  annum.     He  estimates  that  the  collections  for  the       Hogs  were  firmly  held:  6000  head  arrived  and  sold 
entire  year  will  amount  to  $130,000,000.   This  includes;at  7  a  8  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  condition, 
nearly  $7,000,000  to  be  collected  in  special  taxes  in  the       Foreign.  —  The    Times  commenting   on   President 
4th  and  5th  months,  but  does  not  include  an  increase  Arthur's    message  to  Congress,   says  the  document  is 
anticipated  from  spirits  forced  out  of  bond.  |  somewhat  colorless.     It  sees  a  tribute  to  the  Irish  vote 

For  the  last  fiscal  year  the  Government  receipts  were  ir  the  Uni'ed  States  in  the  language  the  President  uses 
$398,287,581,  the  expenditures  $265,408,137,  and  the  jn  regaid  to  pauper  emigrants. 

surplus  $132,879,444,  while  during  the  year  $134,178,- 1  The  press  generally  expresses  disappointment  that 
757  of  the  public  debt  was  redeemed.  For  the  current  |  President  Arthur  does  not  recommend  reduction  in  the 
fiscal  year,  ending  6th  month  30th  next,  the  partly  i  tariff  at  this  session  of  Congress.  All  the  papers  refer 
actual  and  partly  estimated  figures  are— receipts  $343,-  to  the  picture  the  message  presents  of  the  great  pros- 
000,000,  expenditures  $258,000,000,  and  surplus  $85,- 1  perity  of  America.  The  Queen  has  made  Alfred  Ten- 
000,000,  of  which  the  past  four  months  of  the  year  have  riyson,  the  poet,  a  baron 
yielded  $28,786,550.  For  the  next  fiscal  year,  begin-  "a  scientific  expedition,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
ning  next  7th  month,  the  estimated  figures,  on  the  basis  R0ya]  ( Geographical  Society,  is  about  to  start  to  explore 
of  existing  laws,  are— receipts  $343,000,(100,  expendi-   the  island  of  New  Guinea.     Lord   Derby.  Se. 


ike; 


::-.4,8BSBlBfi,SMV.Vil,il"-,,)thercom. 
■pointed.  Nothing  of  importance 
tion  of  bills  for  reference  was  ex- 
is  week  in  the  House.  The  num- 
ed  will,  it  is  estimated,  nearly  or 

utt  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
verse  report  on  the  application  of  Mary 
ns,  for  a  license  as  muster  of  a 


A.  Miller,  of  New  Orle; 
steamboat. 

The  "Ohio  Divorce  Reform  League"  was  organized 
on  the  6th  inst.,  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  by  a  conference  of 
ministers  of  the  various  Protestant  denominations  of 
the  State. 

There  were  severe  shocks  of  earthquake  at  Rovenden 
Springs,  Arkansas,  on  Fourth-day,  the  5th  inst.  They 
lasted  40  seconds,  were  accompanied  bv  a  loud  noise, 
broke  crockery  and  glassware  and  loosened  large  rocks 

The  ravagesof  the  cranberry  "lire  blight"  and  the 
berry   worm,   in    Massachusetts,   are    estimated   to   have 


Ma 


d    -el 


asp. 


ofHoboken,onenighl  last  week,  and 
il.     It  was  ascertained  the  next  morn- 
iilleritig  from  nicotine  poisoning  from 
ig  cigarettes. 

death,  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  340, 
was  17  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
than  during  the  corresponding  period  laBt  year, 


ue  asKed  to  countenance 
officially  the  enterprise. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  12lh  mo.  4th. — The  con- 
ference of  delegates  of  the  Australian  Legislatun 
unanimously  passed  a  resolution  in  favor  of  the  an 
tion  of  the  New  Hebrides,  New  Guinea  and  other  South 
Sea  islands  to  Australia.    The  Intercolonial  Conference 
at  Sydney,  before  adjourning,  passed  resolutions  against 

the  landing  in    New  Guinea  of  ( victs   from  other 

islands,  and  against  recognizing  purchases  of  land  in 
New  Guinea  before  British  dominion  over  the  island 
has  I  een  established. 

The  following  despatch  has  been  received  in  London 
from  Mauritius:  According  to  advices  from  Madagascar 
the  French  have  bombarded  Mobamboand  Fenerif,  on 
the  northeast  coast,  and  two  French  frigates  have  gone 
to  bombard  Fort  Dauphin  and  other  places  on  the 
south  coast. 

A  Paris  despatch  to  the  Exchange  Telegraph  Com- 
pany says,  it  is  asserted  that  the  French  Government 
:d  to  Admiral  Con r bet,  commander  in 
nliniic  his  preparations  for  his  campaign 
and  Bac-Ninh,  but  to  await  fresh  orders 
rln re  taking  decided  action. 
mo,  9.h  —News  has  reached  Aden  that 
■f  hill  tribes  attacked  five  com  pan' 
pa  which  were  l'econnoitering  outside  of 
.■  5th  inst.,  and  that  severe  lighting  en- 
li    the    Fgyptiaus    were  annihilated  and 


•iek  William,  on  taking  his 
Seville,  on  the  17th  inst., 
j  the  servants  of  the  royal 
for   the   Spanish    military 


legr 


asylums.  The  prince  reiterated  his  expressions  of  the 
great  pleasure  he  had  experienced  from  the  hearty 
welcome  accorded  him  by  the  king,  the  court,  the 
Spanish  army,  and  the  people. 

The  Compagnie  Generale  Transatlantique  has  en- 
tered into  a  contract  for  a  new  mail  service  between 
France  and  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico,  for  18  years, 
with  a  subsidy  of  10,000,000  francs. 

Baron  Von  Mantetittel,  Governor  of  Alsace-Lorraine, 
has  annulled  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  District  Diet 
of  Upper  Alsace,  allowing  the  use  of  the  French  lan- 
guage in  its  debates.  The  ground  of  the  Governor's 
action  was  that  the  Diet  had  exceeded  its  legal  powers. 

The  Journal  de  St.  Pcter.-bourg  denies  the  report  con- 
tained in  a  St.  Petersburg  despatch  to  the  Berlin  Tag- 
blatt  on  the  24th  ult.,  that  the  Czar  had  selected  Count 
Tolstoy  and  Privy  Councillors  Pobedonoself  and  Kalt- 
koff  to  elaborate  a  constitutional  charter  for  the  Em- 
pire. The  Journal  also  declares  that  nothing  is  known 
in  St.  Petersburg  relative  to  Russia  participating  with 
other  Powers  in  a  joint  protection  of  foreigners  and  pro- 
perly in  the  event  of  war  between  France  and  China. 

The  Haskieric  quarter  in  Constantinople,  inhabited 
by  Turks  and  Jews,  was  on  fire  all  day  on  the  5th  i 
Hundreds  of  houses  have  been  destroyed  and  much 
distress  prevails. 

Snow  fell  in  Saltillo,  Mexico,  on  the  evening  of  the 
10th,  to  the  depth  of  four  inches — a  thing  never  before 
known  in  that  latitude. 

El  Bien  Publico  states  that  Senor  Santa  Maria,  Presi- 
dent of  Chili,  on  ascertaining  that  the  terms  of  peace 
offered  by  the  Bolivian  Minister  were  based  upon  the 
cession  of  Tacna  and  Arica,  or  Arequipa  and  Mollendo, 
stated  that  he  would  adhere  strictly  to  the  treaty  of 
peace  signed  with  Peru  in  all  respects. 

The  laborers  on  the  Trans-Andean   Railway  li 
struck. 

The  Peruvian  Government  has  decided  to  conduct 
the  Mint  by  two-year  contracts  with  private  firms. 

The  cost  of  living  in  Canada,  according  to  the  Toronto 
Globe,  is  fully  30  per  cent,  more  than  it  was  five  years 
ago. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Visiting  Committee  meet  at  the  school  on 
Seventh-day  evening,  the  15th  instant. 

For  the  accommodation  of  the  committee,  convey- 

ces  will  be  at  Westtovm  Station  on  that  day  to  meet 
the  trains  that  leave  Philadelphia  at  2.47  and  4.55  P.  M. 

Philada.,  12th  mo  11th,  1883. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on   the   arrival    of  the  9.05  a.  m.  train   from 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third.  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
rnysician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 

Married,  at  Friends'  meeting-house,  at  Chesterfield, 
Morgan  Co.,  Ohio,  on  Third-day,  the  20th  of  11th  mo. 
1883,  David  Stephen,  of  Flushing  Monthly  Meeting, 
Ohio,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  late  Robert  Todd,  of 
the  former  place. 

,  also,  at  the  same  place  and  date,  Samuel 

Morris,  son  of  the  late  Nathan  Morris,  to  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  Robert  Todd,  above  named. 

,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,  Media,  Delaware 

county,  Pa.,  on  the  5th  of  12th  month,  Daniel  B. 
Price,  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  to  Rachel  Benington, 
daughter  of  John  Benington,  of  the  former  place. 


Died,  Eleventh  mo.  22nd,  1883,  at  her  residence  in 
Mahaska  Co.,  Iowa,  Ann,  wife  of  John  Lipsy,  a  mem- 
ber of  Coal  Creek  Monthly  and  Particular"  Meeting, 
aged  nearly  78  years.  This  dear  Friend  bore  a  long 
protracted  illness  with  much  Christian  patience  and 
esignation  ;  and  her  surviving  friends  have  a  consoling 
belief  that  her  end  was  peace. 

— ,  12th  mo.  4th,  at  her  residence  in  Burlington, 
N.  .).,  Anna  E.  Morrison,  a  member  of  Burlington 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends. 

,  12th  mo.  7th,  at  her  residence  in  Medford,  N.  J., 

Rachel  E.  Haines,  a  member  and  elder  of  Upper 
Evesham  Monthly  Meeting,  in  the  80th  year  of  her  age. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TWELFTH  MONTH  22, 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH    FOURTH   STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Sarah  B.  Upton. 

Sarah  Biddle  Thomson,  daughter  of  Peter 
and  Rebecca  Owen  Thomson,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia  on  New  Year's  day,  1797. 

Her  constitution  was  so  frail  that  it  was 
only  by  the  most  vigilant  care  that  her  life 
was  preserved  through  her  infancy;  and  in 
later  years  she  has  been  frequently  heard  to 
say  that  she  did  not  remember  one  day  with- 
out pain  ;  so  that  early  in  the  race,  began  the 
struggle  between  an  unusually  clear  and  vig- 
orous intellect  and  a  physical  organization 
which,  though  possessed  of  much  elasticity 
and  tenacity,  made  her  throughout  her  life 
a  prey  to  frequent  and  varying  attacks  of 
disease. 

In  the  few  glimpses  we  have  of  her  child- 
hood and  early  girlhood,  she  is  pictured  as 
bright  and  active,  eager  for  study  and  for 
play,  and  contending  bravely  with  the  head- 
aches which  would  be  her  persistent  attend- 
ants, notwithstanding  the  care  taken  to  con- 
quer them  by  such  methods  as  were  approved 
in  that  day,  but  to  which  methods,  in  later 
life,  she  ascribed  some  of  the  suffering  to 
which  she  was  afterwards  subjected.  Writes 
an  aunt,  about  this  period — "Sarah  complains 
so  cheerfully  of  her  head,  when  she  complains 
at  all,  that  I  hope  it  is  not  very  bad." 

Eldest  daughter  of  the  house,  as  years  went 
on,  the  young  "  book-worm"  and  "  walking 
encyclopaedia,'  as  she  was  playfully  called, 
figures  also  as  right  hand  woman  of  her  deli- 
cate mother,  in  the  care  of  younger  children, 
and  she  it  was  who  seems  to  have  taken  care 
of  them  at  night  and  through  illnesses  inci- 
dent to  childhood.  To  her"  also,  as  letters 
show,  would  be  assigned  the  preparation  of i 
the  summer  home  in  the  country  for  the 
family,  and  her  judgment  appears  early  to] 
have  developed  to  a  degree  which  made  her 
the  special  confident  of  all  her  family,  trusted 
by  her  mother,  and  the  companion,  in  his  in- 
tellectual pursuits,  of  her  father. 

Of  her  spiritual  life  at  this  time,  there  is 
little  record,  as  no  diary  has  been  preserved 
of  any  period  of  her  life,  and  she  seems  as  yet 
to  have  written  few  letters,  but  she  frequently 
in  after  life  remarked,  that,  as  a  young  girl 
she  loved  bestof  all  books — the  Bible  of  course 
excepted — the  lives  of  the  early  Friends,  and 
that  a  "Journal,"  new  to  her,  of  one  of  the 
religious  Society  in  which  she  had  a  birth- 
right membership,  was  welcomed  as  a  trea- 
sure, and  eagerly  read  in  some  quiet  corner. 


This  was  perhaps  the  more  remarkable  from 
the  fact  that  her  father  kept  abreast  of  the 
times  in  which  he  lived,  and  the  only  restric- 
tion put  upon  her  selection  of  reading  matter, 
it  would  appear,  was  his  remark  that  if  she 
would  read  no  novels  until  thirty  years  of 
age,  she  might  then  read  all  she  chose.  Long 
afterwards,  when  the  direction  of  younger 
minds  devolved  on  her,  she  would  recur  to 
the  wisdom  which  preserved  for  her  the 
healthful  intellectual  taste,  that,  uncloyed  by 
the  unrealities  and  glamour  of  fiction,  could 
relish  the  good  and  the  beautiful  in  the  wide 
realm  of  the  True,  with  a  pleasure  far  greater 
than  the  feverish  excitement,  called  pleasure, 
of  the  devotee  of  imagination— a  pleasure 
which  never  left  her,  for  even  in  extreme  age 
and  amid  physical  infirmities,  her  mind  could 
still  grasp  the  topics  of  the  day,  and  when  at 
length  the  hour  came  in  which  sight  and 
hearing  and  speech  all  failed  her,  and  her  only 
means  of  communication  with  those  about 
her  was  by  motions,  her  physician  remarked 
thaf'eveiy  motion  was  intelligent." 

The  earliest  written  record  which  has  been 
found  of  her  feelings  about  the  great  problem 
of  life  is  contained  in  a  letter  to  a  young  friend 
in  the  autumn  of  1820 — she  writes — "  I  believe 
the  safest  and  best  path,  in  every  situation, 
is  to  cast  all  our  care  upon  a  wise  and  over- 
ruling Providence,  who.  we  may  in  faith  be- 
lieve, orders  all  things  for  our  benefit.  The 
idea  that  such  an  omniscient  Power  is  con- 
stantly watching  over  us,  has  often  been  con- 
soling to  me  in  hours  when  I  have  felt  dis- 
satisfied with  rey  little  usefulness  in  the  world; 
and  the  firm  persuasion  that  we  are  all  placed 
in  the  situation  for  which  we  are  best  fitted, 
has  often  taken  the  load  from  my  heart,  and 
made  me  rejoice  in  an  existence  which  before 
seemed  only  a  burden.  I  believe  it  is  quite 
necessary  to  our  happiness  here  to  feel  that 
we  are  in  a  degree,  at  least,  useful,  and  if  we 
only  add  to  the  comfort  or  pleasure  of  one 
individual,  we  may  think  ourselves  filling  a 
situation  in  society  for  which  we  ought  to  be 
grateful."  Thus,  at  twenty-three,  she  looked 
onward,  and  when,  at  more  than  eighty-four, 
on  the  very  verge  of  time,  the  aged  pilgrim 
took  a  solemn  look  backward  on  her  path  of 
life,  after  its  many  trials  and  provings  of  faith 
and  patience,  it  was  with  the  same  calm  trust 
in  an  overruling  Power,  that  she  testified  that 
"  the  endeavor  to  do  right  saved  a  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  secured  more  happiness  and 
peace  than  could  be  gained  in  seeking  our 
own  gratification,  instead  of  waiting  on  the 
Lord  to  find  out  what  was  right." 

Naturally  earnest,  and  active  almost  to  in- 
tensity, it  was  her  constant  endeavor  to  lay 
her  will  at  the  feet  of  her  Creator  and  to  wait 
for  his  guidance.     True  it  was  that 
"  She  would  not  have  the  restless  will 
That  hurries  to  and  fro, 
Seeking  for  some  great  thing  to  do, 

Or  secret  thing  to  know  ; 
She  would  be  dealt  with  as  a  child 
And  guided  where  to  go." 


True  it  also  was,  that  while  she  would  not 
"strain  her  eyes  in  the  dark,"  as  was  her 
Wont  to  say,  yet  when  the  light  did  shine  out 
of  darkness,  her  guided  activities  found  many 
channels  of  unobtrusive  usefulness  and  quiet, 
influence,  productive  of  more  fruit  than  she 
herself  realized.  Not  that  she  made  no  mis- 
takes— she  acknowledged  man}-  —  and  her 
letters  prove  that  she  felt  "  the  chaff  must  be 
burned  with  unquenchable  fire,  and  the  heart 
purged,  before  it  is  fitted  for  the  impress  of 
holiness  to  the  Lord."  To  II.  and  S.  M.  W., 
in  1829,  she  writes  : 

'•  I  know  full  well  what  it  is  to-  feel  dead  in 
trespasses  and  sins,  and  though  I  do  not  for- 
'get  that  it  is  the  'rebellious'  who  are  to  'dwell 
in  a  dry  land,'  yet  I  also  firmly  believe  that 
jthese  trials  of  our  faith  are  permitted  for  our 
good,  for  the  purification  of  our  hearts  from 
t  he  corruptions  of  our  natures — that  we  should 
have  more  deeply  impressed  upon  us  the 
nothingness  of  self,  and  the  dependence  we 
have  upon  the  Source  and  Fountain  of  all 
good,  for  every  good  thought  and  feeling  of 
the  soul.  Let  us  then  have  faith  in  God,  and 
have  it  towards  ourselves.  Let  us  believe  that 
all  these  things  shall  work  together  for  our 
good.  I  have  felt,  many  times,  dear  S.,  when 
with  thee,  that  heavenly  good  was  very  near 
thee,  and  I  have  even  felt  ready  to  envy  thee, 
and  have  checked  the  feeling.  I  am  con- 
vinced, fully  convinced,  of  one  thing  as  it  re- 
spects myself,  that  there  is  no  progress  to  be 
gained  without  frequent  retirement  for  recol- 
lection and  prayer,  without  a  constant  en- 
deavor to  cherish  such  a  state  of  mind  as  to 
be  able  to  lift  up  the  heart  in  desires  for 
preservation  in  all  circumstances  and  occu- 
pations. 

"1  believe  that  much  is  lost  for  want  of  an 
attention  to  the  very  gentle  intimations  that 
we  are  often  favored  with  to  draw  near  and 
worship.  As  we  sit  in  our  social  circles,  and 
in  the  midst  of  our  most  active  employments, 
have  we  not  felt,  do  we  not  often  feel  the  little 
impressions  that,  attended  to,  would  give 
ability  to  receive  instruction,  if  not  consola- 
tion and  strength.  But  the  Tempter  knows 
this,  and  then  does  he  do  all  that  he  can  to 
hinder  us  by  presenting  in  rapid  succession 
the  busy  thoughts  that  chain  us  to  the 
world." 

Again,  to  the  same  friend  she  writes,  "This 
one  lesson  I  have  learned  by  many  a  season 
of  want,  that  the  hidden  root  of  life  is  often 
as  much  strengthened  and  nourished  by  a 
patient  abiding  under  poverty  and  fasting,  as 
by  the  more  sensible  enjoyment  of  that  food 
which  the  fainting  soul  so  ardently  craves. 
Let  us  then,  my  beloved  friend,  cast  all  our 
cares  and  anxieties  with  unshaken  confidence 
upon  that  all-wise,  overruling  Providence  who 
ordereth  all  things  aright — believing  that 
trials  patiently  endured'blessings  gratefully 
received,  all  things  shall  work  together  for 
good  to  those  who  love  and  trust  Him." 

To  H.  and  S.  M.  W.— "Poor  as  I  feel  my- 


154 


THE    FRIEND. 


self  to  be,  there  is  such  a  rich  consolation  in 
tbe  evidence  of  having  chosen  the  service  of 
Christ  before  earthly  gratification,  that  it 
well  deserves  all  we  can  sacrifice.  The  con- 
solations of  the  Gospel!  Yes,  I  feel  willing 
to  bear  testimony  that  in  deep  affliction  the 
believer  has  the  assurance  that  the  Judge  of 
all  the  earth  cloeth  well — in  anxiet}'  for  the 
future  there  is  confidence  in  an  overruling 
Providence — amid  tbe  hurry  and  bustle  of 
Time  there  is  tbe  calming  influence  of  the 
ever-blessed  Spirit." 

"The  calming  influence  of  the  ever-blessed 
Spit 

other  life — not  only  in  the  "  hurry  and  bustle  ' 
of  a  youth  and  earlier  womanhood — passed 
amid  the  manifold  attractions  and  occupations 
of  a  large  cit3'  circle,  which,  while  it  was  re- 
moved from  fashion  and  gaiety,  was  still  most 
active  in  all  matters  of  culture  and  benevo- 
lence— but  also,  in  the  after  years — through 
long  illnesses,  with  their  forced  and  uncon- 
genial inactivity,  and  through  periods  of  com- 
parative isolation  in  remote  country  scenes, 
this  influence  shone  out  conspicuously,  to  the 
delight  and  comfort  of  tbe  friends  who  sought 
her  society,  or  enjoyed  the  letters  she  wrote 
or  dictated  to  them. 


gether.  It  is  made  from  one  piece  of  wood, 
with  a  wicker  body.  Its  solid  wheels  and 
heavy  axle  slowly  revolve  together  with  a 
terrific  creak,  dear  to  the  heart  of  the  Fayal- 
ese  peasant.  There  was  formerly  a  law  that 
the  axles  must  be  soaped  before  entering  the 
city.  A  revolution  occurring  as  to  the  basis 
of  taxation*,  some  Azorean  Danton  demand- 
ed redress  of  grievances.  '-Down  with  the 
income  tax!"  be  cried.  "Give  us  tithes!" 
"Titbes!"  echoed  the  mob,  "and  liberty  to 
squeak  our  carts  through  the  streets  I"  Tbe 
wicker  cart  of  the  Azores  is  like  tbe  Roman 
There,  indeed,  was  the  main-spring 'plaustrum   with   its   tympana   or  solid   or! 


wheels,  to  which  Virgil  often  alludes,  and  to 
which*  he  constantly  applies  the  adjectives 
gementia  and  stridentia,  [groaning  and  creak- 
ing.] 

Yonder  is  a  group  of  women  at  a  well. 
Their  tall  wooden  buckets,  shaped  like  old- 
fashioned  wooden  churns,  and  holding  six  or 
seven  gallons,  stand  on  the  stone  curb.  How 
skilfully  each  in  turn  throws  down  and  dips 
the  pail!  and  with  what  assurance  of  strength, 
band  over  hand,  with  long  reaches,  they  draw 
it  up  dripping  from  the  fern-clad  well !  Then, 
rolling  up  a  little  pad  for  it  to  rest  upon,  each 


are  driven  attached  to  a  wooden  drag,  whose 
lower  surface  is  studded  with  iron  spikes  and 
sharp  bits  of  lava.  A  long  rope  from  the 
right  horn  of  the  off  ox,  is  held  in  tbe  driver's 
hand. 

I  saw  a  barefooted  girl  of  thirteen  driving 
one  pair  of  cattle  ;  her  little  brother  of  seven 
sat  on  the  drag,  and  drove  a  second  pair,  and 
their  father  the  third.  Two  men  turned  over 
the  straw  with  wooden  pitchforks  made  of  a 
single  piece  of  wood,  cleft  into  three  tines  at 
one  end. 

After  the  threshing,  the  straw  was  raked 
off  with  cumbrous  wooden  rakes,  the  grain 
swept  up  into  a  windrow,  a  flag  raised  to  show 
the  direction  of  the  wind,  and  men  with  wood- 
en shovels  tossed  up  the  wheat  into  the  air, 
against  tbe  wind,  to  winnow  it.  Tbe  whole 
scene  was  truly  Oriental  and  picturesque. 

The  corn-mill  of  Fayal  is  like  the  viola  asi- 
naria  of  the  Romans.  Tbe  lower  story  of 
some  of  the  houses  is  used  as  a  mill.  A  cow 
is  harnessed  to  a  crank,  as  the  horse  is  in  a 
New  England  cider-mill.  Her  eyes  are  cov- 
ered with  funnel-shaped,  tin  blinders;  and 
she  travels  in  a  circle,  turning  one  stone  upon 
another,  and  grinding  a  bushel  of  corn  in  an 


A  Summer  in  the  Azores. 

(Continued  from  page  148.  J 

The  streets  of  Fayal,  like  those  of  the  other 
islands,  are  very  narrow,  and  paved  with  ob- 
long blocks  of  stone.  Little  or  no  soil  accumu- 
lates upon  tbe  pavement,  and  they  are  quite 
clean.  Now  and  then,  a  small  boy  appears 
with  a  short  pick,  and  a  broom  of  fresh  box- 
twigs  ;  and,  digging  out  the  weeds  that  spring 
up  between  the  stones,  he  carries  them  off  in 
a  basket. 

The  main  streets  have  sidewalks,  often  not 
wide  enough  for  two  to  walk  abreast,  and  but 
slightly  raised  above  the  street.  The  side 
streets  have  only  a  row  of  wider  stones  in  the 
middle  of  the  road  for  foot-passengers. 

One  finds  entertainment  enough  in  the  ever- 
shifting  scenes  of  the  streets.  Early  in  the 
morning  the  tide  of  travel  begins  to  surge. 
The  Pico  boats,  with  their  picturesque  lateen 
sails,  come  in  bringing  the  market  people  and 


with  another's  help,  lifts  the  heavy  bucket  to  hour.  There  are  a  few  windmills  of  rude 
her  head.  How  the  last  one  is  to  manage,  (construction,  but  the  cow-mill  and  the  scrip- 
becomes  a  problem.  Two  already  laden  dex-jtural  hand-mill  are  the  common  methods  of 
terously  raise  it,  not  a  drop  spilled  from  their  grinding  the  corn. 

own  the  while;  and  away  they  all  trot  at  a  The  interiors  of  their  houses  are  bare  and 
swinging  gait  up  tbe  street,  chattering  like  poor ;  one  room,  rafters  visible  above  ;  a  floor 
rooks,  enviable  health  in  every  motion,  grace  of  earth;  "woven  work  of  willow-boughs" 
in  every  pose.  Not  even  a  band  is  raised  to  sometimes  partitioning  off  one  end  of  tbe 
steady  their  burdens.  Milk-boys  pass  bear-  room  as  a  bedroom;  a  loft  above  it  reached 
'ng  crooked  poles  across  their  shoulders,  from  by  a  ladder,  and  on  tbe  floor  a  pallet  of  straw. 

There  is  neither  chimney  nor  stove.     The 
fire-place  is  without  crane  or  andirons,  and 


which   depend  their  wooden    measures  and 
pottery  jars. 

One  accustomed    to   our  time   and   labor 


merely  a  broad  stone  shelf  built  out  from  the 


saving  machinery,  looks  with  wonder  and  wall,  and  on  this  a  fire  of  furze  and  fagots.  The 
interest  upon  the  simple  industrial  methods  ,  blinding  smoke  escapes  as  best  it  may  through 
of  the  Azores.  Sawhorses  and  our  common  Iroof  and  open  door.  For  cooking  utensils, 
wood-saw  are  unknown.  Here  and  there  we 'there  are  an  iron  pot  and  trivets,  and  one  or 
pass  two  men  by  the  roadside,  lazily  pushing  two  red  pottery  jars  and  saucers, 
back  and  forth  a  peculiar  saw,  fitted  into  Meat  is  a  rare  article  of  food  with  the  peas- 
a  clumsy  wooden  frame.  There  is  neither  ant.  Coarse  corn-cake,  baked  on  a  trivet 
wheelbarrow,  spade,  nor  shovel  on  the  islands,  over  the  coals,  bard,  sour,  heavy,  and  smoky, 
Boys  at  work  on  the  breakwater,  with  coarse  — this  with  a  bit  of  cheese,  fish,  or  a  pepper, 


bags  thrown  over  head  and  shoulders  in  place 
of  hats,  cany  the  dirt  in  baskets  on  their 
heads.     A  short-handled,  square  hoe  has  to 


their  produce.  Men  and  women  are  carried  (serve  tbe  purpose  of  the  spade,  the  use  of  the 
ashore  through  the  surf,  on  the  shoulders  of i latter  being  incompatible  with  the  bare  feet 
the  bare-legged  boatmen,  and  come  swarming! of  tbe  men  ;  though  their  soles  are  so  callous- 


up  through  the  water-gates  into  the  Rua  d 
San  Francisco.  All  their  burdens  are  carried 
on  their  heads:  men  in  rude  sandals  of  cow- 
hide, with  the  hair  left  on,  balancing  great 
baskets  of  wood  for  the  baker,  and  their  hands 
full  beside;  others  with  the  same  commodity 
bound  about  with  an  iron  hoop,  like  an  over- 
grown cart-wheel,  steadying  it  with  one  hand 
only. 

There  is  a  Fayal  man,  with  his  basket  of 
cucumbers  carefully  covered  with  ferns,  on 
the  back'  of  his  nuck',  supported  by  a  pole 
over  his  right  shoulder.  Women  with  flaring 
black  baskets  piled  high  above  their  heads 
with  red  and  yellow  apricots;  or,  perhaps, 
with  fluffy  white  ducks  whose  broad  yellow 
bills  rest  on  the  rim;  others  running  easily 
under  the  weight  of  immense  melon-shaped 
squashes,  carefully  poised    upon    their   heads, 

atop  of  which  in  a  cabbage  leaf  is  a  pat  of 

fresh  hut  ler. 
The  farmer  comes  in  from  the  country  wit 


that  they  often  scratch  matches  on  them 
in  lighting  their  cigarettes. 

What  farming  was  in  the  time  of  David 
and  the  prophets,  of  Homer  and  of  Virgil, 
that  it  is  to-day  in  the  Western  Islands. 
The  yoke,  the  cart,  the  plough,  the  harrow. 
the  threshing-floor,  the  threshing  and  the 
winnowing,  are  precisely  like  those  described 
in  the  Old  Testament,  the  Odyssey,  and  more 
minutely  in  the  Georgics.  The  grain  is  cut 
with  a  sickle,  and  the  sheaves  bound  by  men, 
women,  and  children,  as  in  the  days  of  Ruth 
and  I5oaz. 

Near  the  hut  of  the  well-to-do  peasant  is  a 
hard-trodden,  circular  floor  of  pumice,  fifteen 
to  twenty  feet  in  diameter,  surrounded  by  a 
low  rim  of  weather-beaten  stones.  This  is 
the  eira,~\  or  threshing-floor.  Over  the  un- 
bound sheaves,  as  they  lie  on  the  floor,  cattle 


his  cart  drawn  by  an  ox  and  a  cow  yoked  to- 1     f  Latin 


The  Azorean  is  now 
actual  income. 


and  a  cup  of  cold  water,  is  bis  principal  food. 

There  is  little  furniture  in  tbe  room, — a  bed, 
so  high  as  almost  to  require  steps  to  get  into 
it,  with  a  bright  worsted  coverlet  of  domestic 
manufacture,  like  those  of  our  colonial  grand- 
mothers; a  table;  a  hand-loom  in  one  corner  ; 
and  a  i\;w  scriptural  prints  on  the  walls.  In 
soi  ne  eo  it  ages  one  finds  tbe  same  modifications 
of  theold  Roman  lamp,  used  by  our  forefathers 
in  New  England, — a  small  triangular  pan  to 
hold  grease,  and  a  floating  wick.  There  are 
one  or  two  chairs  ;  these,  however,  are  seldom 
used  by  tbe  women,  who  squat  upon  the  floor, 
and  sew  or  spin,  and  card  their  flax  and  wool. 

Different  members  of  the  same  family  aro 
known  by  such  a  variety  of  names,  that  it  is 
difficult  to  identity  them  as  of  one  household. 
The  wife  sometimes  takes  her  husband's  name; 
quite  as  often  she  does  not.  The  oldest  son 
appropriates  some  of  the  father's  ancestral 
names  ;  the  second  son,  some  of  the  mother's  ; 
neither  assuming  his  father's  family  name. 
The  patronymic  seems  to  bo  of  little  conse- 
quence. The  personal  name  is  tbe  one  to 
which  importance  is  attached. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


Cod  teste 
them." 


lis  people  before   He   blesses 


THE    FRIEND. 


155 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

"  A    LITTLE    CHILD    SHALL    LEAD    THEM." 

It  sometimes  pleases  the  Lord  to  make  use 
of  young  and  feeble  instruments  to  awaken 
those  who  are  older  to  a  sense  of  their  situa- 
tion, or  to  perform  other  services.  In  such 
cases,  the  effect  produced  depends  on  the 
power  of  Divine  Grace  which  accompanies 
the  message,  or  service,  and  which  brings 
conviction  to  the  one  to  whom  it  is  addressed 
— and  this  Grace  may  be  extended  through 
weak  agents,  who  without  its  assistance  would 
have  no  power  to  effect  any  good. 

In  my  school-boy  days,  I  knew  a  little  boy, 
the  son  of  one  of  my  teachers,  who  died  at 
an  early  age,  perhaps  8  or  9  years.  He  was 
a  thoughtful  child,  and  one  day  asked  per- 
mission of  his  mother  to  visit  a  neighbor  who 
kept  a  house  of  entertainment  for  travellers, 
and  sold  spirituous  liquors  to  such  as  wanted 
it.  Ho  was  a  man  of  wealth,  and  respect- 
ability, and  the  owner  of  a  large  landed  pro- 
perty, and  his  house  was  one  that  was  re- 
garded as  reputably  kept ;  I  never  heard  of 
anything  like  carousing  or  disorderly  conduct 
being  permitted  about  the  premises.  The 
mother  discouraged  her  child  from  making 
the  visit,  thinking  one  so  young  would  not  be 
able  to  accomplish  any  good.  But  the  im- 
pression of  duty  was  so  imprinted  or  renewed 
on  his  young  mind,  that  the  request  for  per- 
mission to  go  was  repeated  at  intervals,  until 
the  mother  was  unwilling  longer  to  prevent 
the  visit.  Accordingly  the  child  went  alone. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  what  took 
place  at  the  interview  which  resulted — but 
there  was  probably  no  one  present  but  them- 
selves, and  it  is  not  known.  But  I  believe  it 
was  not  long  after  that  the  proprietor  dis- 
continued the  sale  of  liquor. 

I  recently  met  with  a  narrative  which 
brought  the  above  incident  to  my  recollec- 
tion. The  writer  of  it,  was  riding  in  a  street 
car  in  one  of  our  cities,  when  there  entered  a 
man  about  70  years  of  age.  He  says  :  "  I  no- 
ticed that  he  walked  unsteadily,  but  thought 
it  due  to  the  motion  of  the  car.  His  actions 
after  he  was  seated,  however,  convinced  me 
that  he  was  intoxicated.  By  my  side  sat  a 
little  boy,  aged  about  8  years ;  he,  with  his 
father,  and  the  old  gentleman  before  men- 
tioned, and  myself,  constituted  the  sole  occu- 
pants of  the  car.  I  remarked  that,  after  a 
few  moments  close  scrutiny  of  the  old  gentle- 
man by  the  boy,  he  addressed  his  father.  I 
could  hear  but  imperfectly  what  he  said,  but 
I  distinguished  a  'Please,  papa,  let  me  speak 
to  him.'  The  father  answered,  ■  No,  my  boy, 
he  will  not  understand  what  you  say.'  Still 
the  boy  pleaded,  and  finally  I  saw  him  go  to 
the  side  of  the  old  gentleman.  Laying  his 
little  hand  on  the  old  man's  knee,  the  boy 
said.  '  Please,  sir,  I  am  sorry  for  you.'  The 
half  stupid  man  raised  his  head  and  said,  '  Eh  ! 
what  did  you  say?'  The  boy  repeated  his 
first  remark  and  added  :  '  I  know  what  is  the 
matter  with  you,  for  I  have  seen  a  great  many 
who  had  been  drinking;  but  I  know  how  you 
can  stop,  and  I  am  sure  you  want  to  know, 
too.'  '  How,'  answered  his  hearer.  '  Pray,' 
answered  the  boy.  'Mamma  has  told  me 
whenever  I  felt  tempted  to  do  wrong  to  pray 
and  God  would  help  me  by  taking  the  temp- 
tation away;  and  I  know  He  does  help  me, 
for  7nany  a  time  when  I  have  wanted  some 
fruit  I  have  prayed  and  God  ahvays  made  it 
easy  for  me  not  to  take  any.     You  see,'  said 


the  boy.  in  explanation,  'I  was  very  sick  a 
year  ago,  and  the  doctor  thought  I  would  die  ; 
but  I  got  well,  and  the  only  way  I  can  keep 
well  is  not  to  eat  fruit.  Now,  if  you  would 
pray  I  don't  believe  you  would  want  rum.  I 
know  you  have  friends  who  bate  to  have  you 
sick  as  much  as  my  friends  do  me;  so  won't 
you  try  and  keep  well?  I  am  going  to  pray 
for  you,  anyway.' 

••  I  diil  not  hear  this,  but  the  gentleman  told 
me  afterwards  what  the  youthful  preacher 
had  said.  What  I  saw,  however,  was  this: 
tears  streaming  down  the  face  of  the  old  man 
opposite,  and  1  heard  him  say,  'Pray!  yes,  I 
will!  and  you  must  pray  for  me.'  The  little 
boy,  under  the  guidance  of  the  Spirit,  had 
wrought  a  good  work." 

The  writer  adds,  that  since  that  time,  he 
had  seen  the  man  exposed  to  great  tempta- 
tion, but   that   he   had   never  fallen  into  the 


satisfied  his  reason.  Iutellectually  he  was  no 
longer  a  sceptic.  Things  stood  thus  with 
him  when  he  was  called  to  attend  a  little  girl 
dying  of  consumption.  Lying  on  her  sick 
bed,  she  whispered  she  had  something  to  say 
to  him  ;  and,  when  encouraged  to  speak,  said 
she  had  not  the  courage,  but  confessed  that  it 
would  relate  to  his  being  at  peace  with  God. 
"To-morrow  morning,"  she  added,  "when  I 
am  stronger,  I  will  tell  you."  And  to-morrow 
morning  she  was  dead.  The  incident  made  a 
permanent  impression  on  Dr.  Vinton.  He 
could  notecase  to  ask  himself  what  that  little 
girl  would  have  said  to  him  on  that  matter. 
He  framed  one  thing  after  another,  and  thus 
called  up  before  his  conscience  the  persuasions 
he  himself  invented  for  the  little  girl.     He 


became  a  pious  man. 

The  Spirit  of  Christ  operates  on  the  minds 
of  children  very  early  in  life.  Mary  Capper 
ensnaring  habit.  His  safety  resulted  fromjrelates  the  following  incident.  "One  occa- 
looking  to  the  Lord  for  help  to  overcome  the | sion,  I  think  I  cannot  forget,  because  it  is 
sin  that  so  easily  beset  him.  His  feelings  sealed  by  mercy  and  by  experience  to  this 
towards  the  lad  who  spoke  the  "  word  in  due  day;  though  the  thing  was,  in  itself,  conipara- 
season"  are  thus  indicated:  "He  is  beloved,\tive\y  little,  and  I  was  then  young.  Being 
and  I  have  heard  a  white-haired  gentleman, 'tempted  to  take  some  fruit  in  a  garden  where 
with  a  voice  tremulous  with  emotion,  say:'I  was  unobserved,  and  being  on  the  point  of 
■  And  a  little  child  shall  lead  them.'  "  gathering  it,  a  sudden  check  arrested  me.     I 

William  Hone,  the  author  of  the  "Every-  cannot   distinctly  describe  it,  but  I  walked 
day  Book,"  was  at  one  time  a  noted  infidel  from   the  spot   with   a  sweetness  of  inward 

nd   an    active    opposer  of  Christianity.     A  peace,  indescribable,  such  as  I  think   I    had 

ttle  girl  of  his,  coming  under  the  saving  in-]  never  before  known  ;  and  it  arose  in  my  heart 
uence  of  truth,  became  much  concerned  for  and  has  remained  in  my  understanding,  this 
her  father,  and  obtained  a  Bible,  but  knew  not  is  the  teaching  of  the  grace  of  God;  or,  in 
how  to  put  it  into  his  hands,  for  she  feared  other  words,  of  the  Holy  Spirit!  This,  we 
his  displeasure.  She  retired  to  seek  Divinejbad  been  taught  to  believe,  would  enable  us 
guidance.  Her  father,  passing  the  door  of  to  overcome  evil ;  but  it  is  not  sufficiently  un- 
the  apartment,  heard  the  voice  of  his  child  ;  derstood  ;  and  when  gently  developed  in  the 

t  was  the  voice  of  prayer;  she  prayed  for 
him  ;  he  became  affected,  agitated,  distressed. 
After  a  little  while  the  family  assembled  at 
the  tea-table,  the  beverage  was  handed  round, 
but  he  could  not  partake.     "  Is  there  a  Bible 

n  the  house?"  he  said.  "My  dear,"  replied 
his  wife,  apprehensive  of  the  proposed  repe- 
tition of  the  act,  "did  you  not  burn  every 
~'ble  that  we  bad,  not  leaving  so  much  as 
one?"     "Is  there  any  good  book,  then ?"  he 

nquired.  His  little  daughter,  thinking  that 
God  might  be  answering  her  prayer,  arose, 
took  him  by  the  hand,  and  asked  him  to  go 
with  her,  and  when  they  had  left  the  room, 
looking  into  his  face,  said,  "Father,  surely 
you  won't  be  angry  with  me;  I  know  you 
won't  be  angry  with  me;  come  with  me,  and 
I  will  get  you  one,"  and  she  brought  him  and 
gave  him  the  Bible,  which  for  this  very  pur- 
se she  had  procured. 

He  felt  deeply,  and,  trembling  while  he 
handed  it  back  to  her,  said,  "  My  child,  I  can- 
not read  this  book  ;  will  you  read  it  for  me?" 
She  did  so,  and  then  taking  her  in  his  arms 
he  kissed  her  and  said,  "Tell  me,  my  child, 
where  did  you  get  this  book,  and  how  did 
you  obtain  ibis  knowledge  of  it?"  She  told 
him  all.  That  very  evening  be  accompanied 
her  to  the  chapel.  As  the}'  entered  the  min- 
ister was  engaged  in  prayer;  his  manner  and 
address  made  a  powerful  impression  on  the 
father's  mind,  for  he  seemed  to  talk  with  God. 
The  sermon  aided  in  deepening  the  impres- 
sion. It  was  an  interesting  sight  when,  two 
hree  weeks  afterward,  that  father  ap- 
peared in  that  chapel  with  his  wife  and  nine 
children,  and  openly  renounced  his  infidelity. 
It  is  related  of  Dr.  Vinton,  that  when  a 
}7oung  sceptical  physician,  a  friend  persuaded 
him  to  read  "Butler's  Analog}'."     This  book 


still,  small  voice,  it  is  frequently  not  obeyed  ; 
and  the  quick  sense  of  its  secret  monitions 
becomes  less  discernible." 

In  John  Fothergill's  Life,  occurs  the  follow- 
ing passage:  "When  I  was  between  six  and 
seven  years  old,  as  near  as  I  can  recollect, 
being  at  some  little  play  with  another  boy, 
through  the  force  of  a  sudden  temptation,  I 
swore  an  oath,  which  notwithstanding  it  was 
to  a  truth,  yet  such  secret  conviction  of  the 
evil  of  so  doing  in  the  sight  of  the  Almighty 
God,  so  affected  my  mind  with  sorrow  and 
remorse,  as  made  a  lasting  impression  on  my 
judgment;  and  also  imprinted  that  warning 
and  fear  in  my  heart  in  this  respect,  that  I 
never  did  the  like  since  on  any  occasion. 

"  Wherefore  as  I  cannot  but  believe  that  the 
pure  law  of  God,  which  is  light,  makes  its 
appearance  against  evil  in  all,  and  often  in 
tender  years;  so  if  a  careful  regard  were 
yielded  in  youth  to  this  inshining  of  the  day 
of  God  in  secret,  many  evil  practices  and  de- 
filing liberties  would  be  prevented,  and  would 
never  get  that  room  in  the  mind,  and  in  use, 
which  with  sorrow  we  too  often  observe  they 
do." 


A  Word  of  Comfort  for  Poor  Boys. — "  A  rich 
man,"  said  John  C.  Dodge  at  a  meeting  of  the 
alumni  of  Bowdoin  College,  "cannot  give  his 
son  the  often  great  advantages  of  poverty." 
One-half  the  rich  nobodies  of  the  present  day 
would  be  notably  somebodies  if  they  had  only 
been  obliged  to  black  their  own  boots  when 
boys,  or  chop  the  wood  which  cooks  their 
breakfast. 


Wherein  is  the  candor  and  honesty  of  as- 
suming the  name  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
when  we  have  renounced  many  of  its  Chris- 
tian testimonies  and  principles? 


156 


THE    FRIEND. 


For  "The    Friend." 

Two  Native  Africans. 

Early  in  the  present  century,  the  ship 
Ganges  arrived  at  Philadelphia,  laden  with  a 
cargo  of  native  Africans,  captured  in  their 
own  country  and  consigned  to  slavery;  but 
recaptured  and  restored  to  liberty  by  virtue 
of  United  States  authority.  Information  was 
extensively  spread,  inviting  those  who  wore 
in  need  of  such  service  as  these  poor  people 
might  supply,- to  come  forward  and  make 
arrangements  accordingly.  The  demand  was 
liberal,  the  supply  soon  exhausted,  and  the 
cargo  distributed  in  town  and  country.  Two 
of  these  poor  exiles,  both  of  the  most  promi- 
nent negro  type,  in  feature  and  in  color,  were 
transferred  to  families  residing  in  the  sunt  hern 
part  of  Falls  township,  Bucks  county,  Pa. 
Wanga  (represented  as  an  African  princess) 
continued  to  reside  in  that  locality  until  the 
close  of  a  long  life.  She  proved  a  faithful 
and  trusted  servant ;  her  conduct  was  orderly, 
and  she  was  much  respected.  Through  her 
American  life,  she  carried  disfigurement  from 
the  effects  of  a  broken  jaw,  a  monument  of 
the  horrors  of  the  slave  trade.  She  imbibed 
some  of  the  precepts  of  Christianity,  but  still 
retained  some  of  the  strange  superstitions  of 
her  fatherland.  Citephah  was  also  faithful 
and  valuable  in  the  service  of  his  employers, 
and  what  is  still  more  interesting,  there  is 
evidence  that  he  received  Christianity  in  the 
love  of  it,  and  became  a  servant  of  the  Prince 
of  Peace.  After  a  few  years  of  acceptable 
tarriance  in  the  locality,  he  left  for  distant 
parts;  but  his  name  and  the  favorable  im- 
pression which  his  bearing  had  created,  wei'e 
afterwards  occasionally  revived  in  respectful 
remembrance.  Several  years  later,  upon  a 
day  in  wheat  harvest,  the  gatherers  had  been 
pursuing  their  avocations,  and  were  pausing 
briefly  from  their  labors,  when  Citephah  ap- 
proached ;  he  and  his  former  employer  greeted 
each  other  cordially,  inquired  after  each 
other's  welfare,  and  brought  into  view  some 
of  the  history  of  former  years.  He  also  spoke 
of  his  religious  experiences,  and  of  his  present 
calling  and  prospects, — "I  go  wherever  the 
Lord  sends  me."  He  afterwards  addressed 
the  young  men  of  the  company,  and  imparted 
interesting  and  judicious  counsel  to  them, 
which  was  received  without  any  appearance 
of  levitj',  and  with  becoming  seriousness. 
He  appeared  happy  in  the  attainment,  in  the 
enjoyment,  and  in  the  spread  of  religion  ;  and 
■was  apparently  a  sincere  and  earnest  laborer 
in  the  vineyard  to  which  he  believed  himself 
called.  The  scene  and  the  circumstances  were 
of  an  original  and  strangely  interesting  char- 
acter; the  appearance  and  language  of  the 
ambassador,  the  attitude  of  the  audience,  the 
locality  of  the  demonstration,  and  the  rural 
surroundings,  remind  us  of  remote  antiquity 
and  patriarchal  days.  This  interesting  monu- 
ment of  the  efficacy  of  divine  grace,  although 
nurtured  in  the  gross  superstitions  of  his  na- 
tivo  land  ;  and  surrounded  by  the  tempta- 
tions, the  thwartings,  and  the  discourage- 
ments which  doubtless  accompanied  bis  sub- 
sequent pilgrimage;  yet  apparently  bail  re- 
cognized with  gladness  the  light  that  dawned 
upon  bis  heathenish  darkness,  bad  accepted 
the  offers  of  redeeming  love  and  mercy,  and 
was  cheerfully  spending  bis  time  and  sub- 
stance for  the  best  welfare  of  his  fellow  man. 
He  tarried  but  briefly,  and  then  passed  on- 
ward, doubtless  to  pursue  bis  calling  in  other 
opportunities  for  religious  service. 


MARTHA  OE  MARY? 
I  cannot  choose;   I  should  have  liked  so  much 
To  sit  at  Jesus'  feet,  to  feel  the  touch 
Of  his  kind,  gentle  hand  upon  ray  head, 
While  drinking  in  t lie  gracious  words  he  said. 

And  yet  to  serve  Him  !  O  Divine  employ  ! 
To  minister  and  give  the  Master  joy  ; 
To  bathe  in  coldest  springs  his  weary  feet, 
And  wait  upon  Him  while  He  sat  at  meat. 

Worship  or  service — which  ?     Ah  !  that  is  best 
To  which  He  calls  me,  be  it  toil  or  rest ; 
To  labor  for  Him  in  life's  busy  stir, 
Or  seek  his  feet  a  silent  worshipper. 

So  let  Him  choose  for  us;  we  are  not  strong 

To  make  the  choice;  perhaps  we  should  go  wrong, 

Mistaking  zeal  for  service,  sinful  sloth 

For  loving  worship,  and  so  fail  of  both. 


We  speak  of  the  realms  of  the  blest, 
Those  regions  so  bright  and  so  fair, 

And  oft  times  are  its  glories  confessed, 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there. 

We  speak  of  its  freedom  from  sin, 
From  sorrow,  temptation  and  care, 

Of  trials  without  and  within, 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there. 

We  speak  of  its  service  of  love, 

The  robes  which  the  purified  wear, 

The  church  of  the  first-born  above, 
But  what  must  it  be  to  be  there. 

Oh  !  Lord  in  this  valley  of  woe, 
Our  spirits  for  heaven  prepare, 

That  shortly,  we  also  may  know 
And  feel,  what  it  is  to  be  there. 


THE  SILENT  MESSAGE. 
Be  still,  just  now,  be  still ! 

Something  thy  soul  hath  never  heard, 
Something  unknown  to  any  song  of  bird, 
Something  unknown  to  wind  or  wave,  or  star, 
A  message  from  the  fatherland,  afar, 
That,  with  sweet  joy,  the  homesick  soul  shall  thrill, 
Cometh  to  thee  if  thou  canst  but  be  still. 

Be  still,  just  now,  be  still ! 

And  know  that  I  that  speaketh  am  thy  God. 
The  lonely  vale  of  sorrow  I  have  trod, 
I  know  it  all ;   I  know  it  and  can  feel 
Thy  spirit's  pain,  but  I  that  pain  can  heal. 
Thou  never  yet  hast  proved  my  wondrous  skill, 
Hush  !  I  will  speak  if  thou  wilt  but  be  still. 
Be  still,  just  now,  be  still! 

There  comes  a  Presence,  very  mild  and  sweet; 
White  are  the  sandals  on  the  noiseless  feet, 
It  is  the  Comforter  whom  Jesus  sent 
To  teach  thee  all  the  words  He  uttered  meant. 
The  wailing   willing  spirit  He  doth  lill : 
If  thou  would'st  hear  his  message,  soul  be  still. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
families,  by  James  Trimble. 

It  may  be  observed  that  the  letters  of  Geo. 
Churchman,  formerly  published  in  "The 
Friend,"  dated  previous  to  1767,  have  the 
adjunct,  Jr.,  attached  to  the  signature.  It 
seems  right  to  leave  on  record  an  explanation 
of  this  circumstance.  The  oldest  child  of 
J.  Churchman,  the  immigrant,  was  George, 
born  at  Chester,  7th  mo.  13th,  1697.  Bemovcd 
with  his  parents  to  Nottingham  in  1704.  His 
peculiarities  were  quite  different  from  the 
rest  of  the  family,  amounting  to  organic  men- 
tal weakness.  Looking  to  others  for  continued 
instruction  in  affairs  pertaining  to  business 
and  comfort,  constituted  bis  principal  im- 
pulses; hence  be  remained  through  life  a 
ward  of  his  younger  brother  John  and  nephew 
( reorge.  Efforts  to  engage  him  in  the  pursuits 
of  personal  interest  were  unavailing.  Willi 
the  innocence  of  a  child,  and  the  strength  of 


a  man,  he  cheerfully  performed  the  requests 
of  his  caretakers.  The  precepts  and  example 
of  others  in  public  worship  impressed  him 
sensibly,  observing  the  proprieties  of  the  oc- 
casion with  due  solemnity,  when  at  suitable 
times  he  was  taken  to  meeting.  He  died  in 
1767. 

In  the  number  of  "The  Friend"  dated  11th 
mo.  6th,  1880,  is  a  letter  of  Geo.  Churchman 
(the  elder)  relating  to  a  small  Boarding  School 
established  by  him  apparently  in  1762.  The 
publication  of  this  letter,  which  I  had  not  be- 
fore seen,  brought  it  to  my  recollection,  faintly 
at  first,  but  as  the  leaves  of  memory  gradu- 
ally  unfolded,  reminiscences  of  events  and 
circumstances  threw  sufficient  light  on  the 
history  of  the  school  to  give  it  a  tangible  ex- 
istence. I  now  distinctly  recollect  the  re- 
mains of  a  one  story  brick  building  that  stood 
in  a  small  park  surrounding  the  Churchman 
mansion.  It  consisted  of  two  rooms,  each 
about  15  feet  square — all  trace  of  the  rural 
structure  has  long  since  disappeared. 

In  looking  over  some  brief  accounts  of  early 
settlers  of  Nottingham,  made  years  ago,  I 
find  the  following:  "At  Nottingham  Monthly 
Meeting  held  2nd  mo.  28th,  1761,  Bebecca 
Trimble,  a  young  woman,  appeared  at  this 
meeting  ami  requested  to  be  received  into 
membership  with  Friends,  which  in  due  form 
was  complied  with."  *  *  *  There  is  nothing 
on  record  to  indicate  her  vocation  while  at 
Nottingham,  but  comparing  dates  and  other 
circumstances,  I  am  satisfied  in  the  belief  that 
she  was  none  other  than  the  "careful,  steady 
person  as  teacher  under  his  direction,"  men- 
tioned by  G.  C.  in  the  aforesaid  letter,  and 
that  this,  probably  the  first  "  suitable  Friends' 
school  in  the  country,"  had  a  useful  existence 
of  about  10  years. 

Geo.  Churchman  the  3d,  was  small  in  stature, 
and  rather  frail  of  bod}*,  but  his  circumstances 
being  easy,  he  was  able  to  fulfil  most  of  the 
active  labors  devolving  on  concerned  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  was  a 
rare  instance  of  an  unbroken  family  line  in 
the  same  meeting  through  the  fourth  genera- 
tion of  zealous  individuals  who  maintained  in 
succession  a  strict  observance  of  the  discip- 
line. He  was  born  12th  mo.  29th,  1764— died 
3d  mo.  14th,  1837,  on  the  original  homestead 
property  taken  up  by  John  Churchman,  the 
immigrant,  1702,  and  the  name  of  Church- 
man, (the  first  that  occurs  on  the  records  of 
Nottingham  Monthly  Meeting,  4th  mo.  20th, 
1730,)  disappeared  from  the  minutes,  the 
other  members  of  the  family  having  moved 
away. 

Thus  terminated  the  history  of  a  family  at 
Nottingham,  possibly  more  extensively  known 
through  its  several  generations,  than  any 
other  in  its  time  in  the  Society  in  this  coun- 
try,  outside  of  Philadelphia.  John  the  first, 
and  Hannah  his  wife,  are  shown  by  the 
minutes  of  Chester  Monthly  Meeting,  to  have 
held  its  esteem  as  solid  practicable  members. 
The  foundation  they  laid  for  religious  and 
temporal  prosperity  in  furtherance  of  Wm. 
I Ynifs  special  views  in  settling  Nottingham 
(while  on  his  hist  visit  to  his  province)  as- 
sisted in  proving  the  soundness  and  far  seeing 
judgment  of  thai  acknowledged  moulder  of 
historical  events. 

John  the  2d  was  chosen  at  25  years  of  age, 
(by  men  who  had  been  pupils  of  Bobt.  Barclay 
and  Thomas  Fllwood)  to  the  responsible  ser- 
vice of  clerk  and  recorder  to  the  Monthly 
Meeting,  which  he  held  lor  twenty  years,  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


157 


eorge  the  2d  succeeded  him,  at  the  age  of 
I,  to  the  same  position  for  a  like  period. 

It  was  a  subject  of  regret  with  the  deseend- 
its  of  John  Churchman,  the  minister,  that 
more  extended  memoir  of  him  had  not  been 
eserved.  There  was  much  in  the  social 
ibits  of  their  grandfather,  so  promotive  of 
e  reciprocal  interests  of  the  community, 
at  they  desired  the  manuscript  journal  re- 
rnedto  the  family,  from  which  auseful  diary 
ight  be  compiled.  This,  however,  seems  not 
have  been  done.  It  was  his  practice  when 
le,  to  assist  in  the  occupations  of  the  farm 
d  neighborhood,  laying  out  and  building 
ads,  draining,  levelling  for  water  works, 
ilizing  springs,  locating  and  sinking  wells, 
.,  without  charge.  It  was  the  custom  in 
rly  times  to  unite  for  the  accomplishment  of 
avy  jobs.  On  such  occasions,  the  venerable 
m.  Jackson  once  informed  the  writer,  it 
18  remarkable  what  an  influence  the  pre- 
ace  of  John  Churchman  exerted  over  a 
mpany  of  hardy  pioneers.  While  the  eheer- 
[  pleasantly  of  his  manner  anil  thoughtful 
re  for  the  avoidance  of  accidents  in  erecting 
ildings  and  other  critical  works,  had  a  ten- 
ncy  to  lighten  labor;  anything  like  undue 
rity  seldom  appeared.  This  identification 
th  the  interests  of  the  people  continued 
rough  life.  In  his  declining  years  the  young 
in,  irrespective  of  religious  tenets,  held  it  a 
ivilege  to  be  allowed  to  assist  in  procuring 
i  supply  of  winter  fuel.  They  would  ap- 
int  a  day,  chop,  haul  and  prepare  a  suffi- 
int  quantity,  to  suit  the  old  fashioned  corner 
e-place  in  his  room,  to  last  till  spring. 

Storms  on  the  Sea  of  Galilee. — Placid  as  the 
rface  now  is,  squalls,  and  even  furious  tem- 
sts,  are  not  uncommon  at  certain  seasons 
the  year.  "  There  arose  a  great  storm"  at 
e  time  when  Jesus  and  his  disciples  sailed 
er  it. 

I  spent  a  night  on  the  mountains  east  of 
e  lake.  The  sun  had  scarcely  set  when  the 
nd  began  to  blow  towards  the  lake,  and  it 
ntinued  all  night  long  with  constantly  in- 
jasing  violence  ;  so  that  when  we  descended 
the  shore  the  next  morning  the  surface  of  the 
ie  was  like  that  of  a  boiling  caldron.  The 
nd  swept  down  every  valley  from  the  north- 
3t  and  east  with  such  fury  that  no  efforts 
rowers  could  have  brought  a  boat  to  land 
any  point  along  that  coast.  Caught  b}-  a 
nd  like  that,  the  disciples  must  have  been 
iven  quite  across  to  Gennesaret,  as  we  know 
ey  were. 

To  understand  the  causes  of  these  sudden 
d  violent  tempests,  we  must  remember  that 
e  lake  lies  low — six  hundred  and  eighty 
it  below  the  sea;  that  the  water-courses 
ve  worn  or  washed  out  profound  ravines 
d  wild  gorges  ;  and  that  these  act  like  great 
inels,  to  draw  down  the  cold  winds  from 
a  mountains. 

We  pitched  our  tents  on  the  shore,  and  re- 
lined  for  three  days  and  nights  exposed  to 
at  vehement  wind.  The  whole  lake  was 
ihed  into  fury;  the  waves  repeatedly  rolled 
to  our  tent-door,  tumbling  over  the  ropes 
th  such  violence  as  to  carry  away  the  tent- 
is.  It  was  no  matter  of  wonder  to  me, 
ercfore,  that  they  toiled  and  rowed  hard  all 
at  night  "  over  the  sea  toward  Capernaum  ;" 
d  how  natural  their  amazement  and  terror 
the  sight  of  Jesus  walking  on  the  waves! 
le  faith  of  Peter  in  desiring  and  daring  to 


set  foot  on  such  a  tempestuous  sea  is  most 
striking  and  impressive — more  so,  indeed, 
than  the  failure  of  it  after  he  had  made  the 
attempt,  and  cried  out,  "Lord,  save  me!" 

Such  winds  are  not  only  violent,  but  they 
come  down  suddenly,  and  often  when  the  sky 
is  perfectly  clear.— IP.  M.  Thomson's  The 
Land  and  The  Book. 


to  the  place  of  execution,  saying  that  thero 
was  no  need  to  bind  or  cany  her,  for  she  was 
quite  ready  to  go.     Hopes  were  entertained 
that  she   might    be   induced   to   recant,   and 
with  this  view  orders  were  private!}'  given  to 
the    native    officers    who    superintended    the 
butcheiy  to  reserve  her  to  the  last.     She  was 
set  close  to  the  edge  of  the  precipice  and  held 
there  by  the  executioners  while  the  slaughter 
proceeded.     One  by  one  her  fellow -martyrs 
were  crushed  into  shapeless  hideousness  be- 
Ihe  prohibition  of  Christian  preaching  in  fore  her  eyes  till  she  alone  was  left.     Buttho 
1835  was  speedily  followed   by  the  flaming  brave  girl  never  flinched.     To   all  offers  of 
out  of  a  persecution  that  waxed  even  fiercer  life  she  replied  simply:  "I  will  not  give  up 
and  fiercer,  till  it  grew  into  a  seven-fold  fur-  my  faith;  let  me  go  with   my  friends."     In- 
naee  of  wrath.      Old    men,    children,    weak  [furiated  by  her  steadfast  calmness  the  chief 
women,  tender  girls,  went  fearlessly  to  death. 'of  the   ruffians  who    directed   the    massacre 
Insignificance  could  not  shield   the  peasant  struck  her  savagely  on  the  face  and  bade  her 
who  toiled   in   the  rice-fields,  high    birth   and  take  the  oath  of  abjuration  and  do  homage  to 
long  service  could   not   save  the  noble    who  the  gods  of  the  country  or  die  forthwith.    Put 
stood  beside  the  throne.     "I  must  obey  God  her  answer  was  still  the  same:  "I  will  follow 
rather  than    man    in   this  matter,"   said   one  my  friends."      "She  is  an  idiot,  and   knows 
gallant   fellow,  '-but  I   will  serve  the  queen  not    what  she  says'"  said   the   baffled  man; 
faithfully    nevertheless."      The    words    were  "  take  her  away !'"     She  was  accordingly  re- 
j hardly  spoken  when   he  was  a  corpse.     And  moved  from  the  spot  and  taken  to  a  distant 
,at    last    there    came   a    day    when    eighteen  part  of  the  island,  where  she  survived   tore- 
victims  at  once,  among  whom  were  several  count,  years  later,  all  the  details  of  a  scene 
of  the   noblest   names   in   Madagascar,   were  worthy  to  be  commemorated  in  words  of  fire 
dragged  before  the  judges  amid  the  yells  of  a   like   those    wherewith    the   greatest    English- 
i blood-thirsty  multitude  and  all  condemned  to  man  of  the  seventeenth  century  branded  the 
dii — fourteen   to  be  hurled  from  the  Pock  of  Piedmontese  massacre. — London   Cor.  N.    Y. 
Nampaminarina  and  the  remaining  four  to  be  Times. 

burned  alive.  — •> 

,  Then — the  little  band  of  heroes  having  re- j  Let  us  be  careful  in  dealing  with  weak 
fused  every  offer  of  life— came  the  last  scene  brethren.  Pough  treatment  inay  alienate 
of  all,  the  description  of  which,  by  a  native  and  destroy,  where  kindness  may  attract  and 
eye-witness,  may  bear  comparison  with  any- 'save.  "  Restore  such  a  one  in  the  spirit  of 
tiling  in  Fox's  "Book  of  Martyrs,"  or  the  meekness."  Lacking  that  spirit,  we  are  dis- 
annuls ot  the  Scottish  Covenanteis.  qualified  for  Jhe  work  of  restoration.  It  is 
!  "  When  the  sentences  were  all  pronounced  easy  enough  to  point  out  the  fault  of  a  brother, 
and  the  officer  had  gone  back  to  the  place  of  The  use  of  strong  and  cutting  language  is  not 
the  chief  authorities  they  took  those  eighteen  'a  difficult  art.  But  to  win  one  who  has  gone 
away  to  put  them  to  death.  They  tied  them  astray,  making  him  feel  grateful  while  his 
by  the  hands  and  feet  to  long  poles  and  carried  errors  are  shown  him,  is  an  art  not  easily  a  ci- 
thern on  men's  shoulders.  And  those  brethren  quired,  but  one  well  worth  learning,  and  of 
spoke  and  spoke  to  the  people  as  they  were  happiest  results  in  its  practice. — Selected. 

being  carried  along.     And  some  who  looked  j  — ■ 

upon  them  said  that  their  faces  were  like  the)  Sojourner  Truth,  the  well-known  colored 
faces  of  angels.  *  *  And  as  they  took  the  lecturer,  who  died  lately,  is  generally  sup- 
four  that  were  to  be  burned  alive  to  the  place  posed  to  have  reached  the  age  of  108,  although 
of  execution,  these  Christians  sang  the  hmyn,  j  the  date  of  her  birth  is  uncertain.  For  almost 
'When  ourheartsare  troubled  then  remember  three  quarters  of  a  century  she  delivered  lec- 
'us.'  And  when  they  came  to  Faravohitra  tures  from  the  East  to  the  West  upon  temper- 
there  they  burned  them,  fixed  between  split  ar.ee  and  politics.  She  was  born  a  slave,  in 
spars.  And  there  was  a  rainbow  in  the  the  State  of  New  York,  and  spent  the  early 
heavens  at  the  time.  They  prayed  as  long  part  of  her  life— until  1817,  when  slavery  was 
as  they  had  any  life,  and  they  died  softly  and  [abolished  in  that  State— in  hard  work  in  the 
gently.  And  all  the  people  were  amazed  who  'fields  of  her  many  masters.  Her  parents  were 
beheld  the  burning  of  them  there."  brought  from  the  coast  of  Guinea,  and  sold  as 

Equally  cruel  was  the  fate  of  the  heroic  slaves  on  arriving  in  the  United  States.  Her 
fourteen  who  were  doomed  to  the  fatal  rock,  real  name— or  that  which  had  been  given  her 
I  They  were  suspended  with  cords  passed  round   by  her  first  master— was  Isabella  Hardenburg, 

but,  becoming  dissatisfied  with  it,  it  is  said 
that  she  went  out  into  the  wilderness,  and 
prayed  to  the  Lord  to  give  her  an  appropriate 


their  bodies  over  the  brink  of  a  feartui  preci- 
pice. An  awful  hush  fell  upon  the  fierce 
multitude  that  crowded  the  summit  of  the 
rock  as  the  executioner  came  to  the  spot 
where  the  swinging  forms  hovered  in  midair, 
with  the  glorious  panorama  below  outspread 
as  if  in  mockery  before  the  eyes  that  were  so 
soon  to  be  closed  forever.  Once  more,  and 
for  the  last  time,  mercy  was  offered  to  each 
victim  in  turn  on  condition  of  renouncing  the 
Christian  faith.  The  firm  refusal  that  an- 
swered it  was  barely  uttered  when  the  dooms- 
man's  axe  flashed  and  fell,  the  rope  parted, 
and  the  mangled  body  fell  on  the  rocks  far 
below. 

There  was  a  young  girl,  who  walked  quietly 


name.  After  praying  for  some  time  she  heard, 
she  said,  the  name  "  Sojourner"  whispered  to 
her,  as  she  was  to  travel  "up  and  down,"  and 
afterward  "Truth"  was  added  to  it  to  signify 
that  she  should  preach  nothing  but  truth  to 
all  men.  Sojourner  had  a  tall,  masculine- 
looking  figure — she  was  almost  six  feet  high 
— and  talked  in  a  deep,  guttural,  powerful 
voice  that  made  many  people  Mho  heard  her 
think  that  she  was  a  man,  and  was  imposing 
upon  them  by  masquerading  as  a  woman. 
She  could  neither  read  nor  write,  but  was 
very  eloquent.     She  is  said  to  have  been  in- 


158 


THE    FRIEND. 


iminer   hundreds  of  bad 


strumental   ir 
men  and  women. 

For  "The  Friend." 

In  consideration  that  old  wine  is,  at  times, 
better  than  new.  the  following  selections  from 
epistles  written  about  half  a  century  ago, 
showing  forth  a  timely,  friendly  caution  re- 
specting the  temptation  of  Ephraim,  (Hosea 
vii.  8.  9),  or  too  ready  association  with  others 
even  for  benevolent  objects,  are  herewith  sub- 
mitted for  publication  in  "The  Friend." 
Extracts  from  the  Epistle  ofPhiladelph  ia  Yearly 

Meeting  of  1833,  to  London  Yearly  Meeting. 

Your  acceptable  epistle  of  last  year  being 
received  aud  read  among  us,  we  note  your 
expression  of  desire  that  we  "  may  be  favored 
to  labor  to  support  the  Gospel  in  its  purity ; 
that  thus  we  might  partake  of  the  fruits  of 
the  Spirit  which  are  righteousness,  peace  and 
joy  in  the  Holy  Ghost."  To  experience  this, 
'is  there  not,  dear  friends,  an  absolute  neces- 
sity of  more  complete  separation  from  every 
thing  that  defiles  or  unfits  for  communion 
with  Him,  who  is  the  source  of  all  perfection, 
and  the  glory  of  his  devoted  children?  Hav- 
ing this  unclouded  conviction,  and  viewing 
the  state  of  the  church,  we  are  bowed  in  a 
fervent  exercise  of  soul,  that  both  with  us 
and  you  there  may,  in  the  Light  of  Christ,  be 
a  close  search  into  the  ground  aud  motive, 
which  induces  the  members  of  our  religious 
Society,  to  connect  themselves  with  others  in 
associations  for  promoting  what  may  ^osten- 
sibly appear  to  be  benevolent  objects  !  The 
spirit  of  the  world,  in  its  various  transforma- 
tions, is  continually  seeking  to  catch  the  at- 
tention and  draw  away  the  mind  from  a 
steady  adherence  to  the  gentle  intimations 
and  salutaiy  restrictions  of  the  Divine  Law, 
but  believing  that  our  safety  and  real  sphere 
of  usefulness,  very  much  consists  in  keeping 
out  of  the  mixture,  it  becomes  deeply  obliga- 
tory upon  us,  that  we  labor  to  show  by  the 
humility  and  circumspection  of  our  lives  and 
conversation,  that  we  are  sensible  of  the  awful 
weight  of  a  holy  profession  herein.  The  sub- 
jugating power  of  the  cross  being  carefully 
abode  under,  we  should  frequently  find  to  our 
comfort  and  encouragement,  that  the  expres- 
sions of  our  blessed  Lord  were  in  good  degree 
verified  upon  us.  "  If  ye  were  of  the  world, 
"  the  world  would  love  its  own,  but  because  ye 
are  not  of  the  world,  but  I  have  chosen  you 
out  of  the  world,  therefore  the  world  hateth 
you." 
Extract  from  the  Epistle  of  Philadelphia  Yearly 

Meeting  to  that  of  Indiana. 

We  have  been  renewedly  convinced,  that 
the  safety  of  our  religious  Society,  both  col- 
lectively and  as  individuals,  is  endangered  by 
intimate  association  with  the  world,  or  join- 
ing ils  friendships  and  policy  even  in  the  pro- 
motion of  useful  and  benevolent  objects.  If 
our  love  is  preserved  chaste  to  the  Bride- 
groom of  souls,  and  our  eye  singly  directed 
to  Ilim,  with  fervent  desires  to  follow  only 
where  He  leads,  we  shall  In;  separate  from 
every  source  of  mixture  and  defilement,  and 
answer  the  figurative  description  formerly 
given  of  the  Church:  'A  garden  enclosed 
is  my  sister;  a  spring  shut  up;  a  fountain 
scaled." 

For  "  The  Friend." 

One  of  the  Dangers  of  Foreign  Travel, 
A  writer  in  the  Christian  Advocate  calls  at- 


cans  travelling  in  Europe  fall  into  the  common 
practices  of  using  wine,  and  of  disregarding 
the  First-day  of  the  week  as  a  day  of  rest  and 
religious  observance.  The  following  illustra- 
tion of  this,  is  taken  from  his  article. 

"Not  long  ago  I  met  a  very  intelligent 
gentleman  from  New  York  who,  with  his 
family,  had  been  travelling  on  the  Continent 
for  about  two  years.  He  had  just  then  left 
them  at  a  central  point  while  he  took  a  tramp 
lor  about  two  weeks  among  the  mountains. 
As  we  dined  together  one  evening,  he  ob- 
served that  I  did  not  order  wine  as  he  did, 
and  the  following  conversation  took  place: 

'Don't  you  ever  use  wines  ?' 

'I  never  have  done  so  in  America,  and  I 
see  no  reason  why  I  should  in  Europe.' 

'  Well,  I  am  a  total  abstainer  at  home,  but 
I  feel  obliged  to  drink  something  while  I  am 
over  here.' 

'  Why  do  you  feel  so?' 

'  O,  if  one  declines  it  makes  him  the  sub- 
ject of  remark  on  the  part  of  other  guests, 
and  I  don't  like  to  be  looked  upon  as  singular 
in  that  waj'.' 

'  But  you  are  equally  at  liberty  to  remark 
on  the  habits  of  those  who  do  drink,  and  I 
don't  see  why  their  conduct  should  be  a  law 
to  you  any  more  than  yours  a  guide  to  them.' 

He  admitted  that  I  was  right,  and  was 
taking  the  proper  course,  but  still  insisted 
that  the  great  majority  who  were  known  as 
total  abstainers  at  home  used  wines  more  or 
less  when  abroad.  Of  course,  he  may  have 
desired  to  shield  himself  by  including  others, 
but  still  I  believe  he  stated  a  fact  which  can- 
not be  successfully  contradicted.  I  have 
known  a  number  of  similar  cases,  and  I  see 
but  few  Americans  who  are  abstainers  while 
here.  Just  as  this  man  was  led  into  the 
practice  of  drinking,  so  are  multitudes.  In- 
deed, every  thing  conspires  to  favor  it.  Dur- 
ing the  intervals  between  the  courses  at  the 
tedious  table  d'hote  the  wine  card  is  presented 
to  each  guest,  and  if  one  indicates  that  no 
wine  is  wanted  it  is  not  infrequently  the  case 
that  the  waiter  will  repeat,  in  a  tone  expres- 
sive of  surprise,  and  loud  enough  to  be  heard 
by  those  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  table,  '  No 
wine !' 

This  points  one  out  for  special  notice,  and 
perhaps  he  may  observe,  if  he  cares  enough 
about  it  to  observe  at  all,  that  people  are 
whispering  together  as  they  glance  at  him. 

This  is  not  altogether  pleasant,  especially 
if  one  has  no  acquaintance  at  hand  with  whom 
to  converse,  and  after  enduring  it  for  awhile 
many  people  yield  the  point,  and  order  a 
bottle  of  wine.  Surety,  he  who  would  run 
this  gauntlet  without  yielding  to  the  im- 
perious demand  of  fashion  must  be  pretty 
well  grounded  in  the  principles  of  total  ab- 
stinence, and  ready  to  defend  them  on  occa- 
sion. Unless  he  has  reached  this  point,  he 
would  best  not  travel  in  Europe." 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Leprosy. — In  the  Bombay  Presidency  (India) 
9,483  cases  of  this  disease  are  reported  to  be 
under  treatment. 

Marengo  Cavern. —  During  a  geological  ex- 
cursion through  Southern  Indiana,  my  atten- 
tion was  called  to  the  remarkable  springs 
(lowing  out  of  cavernous  openings  in  the 
village  ot  Marengo.  We  explored  the  largesl 
of  these  grottos  for  perhaps  three-quarters  of 
a    mile,    following   the    margin   of  an    under- 


ground stream.  The  entrance  was  wide  a  I 
symmetrical,  and  the  walls  were  gradual 
contracted  so  as  to  form  a  tubular  passaj 
way.  There  were  a  good  many  fish  in  t 
stream,  but  all  of  them  seemed  to  be  visitc 
from  surface  waters.  This  eave  contain 
many  interesting  objects,  especially  sevei 
large  stalagmitic  columns.  The  tempcratu 
was  uuifornily  52°  F. ;  and  the  atmosphe 
like  that  of  many  other  Indiana  caves,  pi 
sesses  antiseptic  properties  of  which  the  v 
lagers  take  advantage,  using  the  place  as 
store-house  for  fruit,  vegetables,  and  oth 
provisions  liable  to  decay. 

The  geological  formation  of  the  region 
favorable  to  eaves,  heavy  beds  of  limesto 
being  overlaid  by  sandstone.  Here  and  the 
the  surface  rocks  have  broken  down,  form 
sink  holes  varying  in  size,  and  supposed 
communicate  with  subterranean  passages. 

On  the  9th  of  September,  1883,  five  you 
men,  while  rambling  near  Marengo  discover 
a  crevice  at  the  bottom  of  a  large  sink  ho 
and  resolved  to  explore.  The  passage  widen 
into  a  vast  subterranean  chamber.  The  c 
scription  thus  far  furnished  shows  the  ea 
to  resemble  closely  other  great  caves  of  t 
region.  There  are  large  halls  embellished  : 
stalactites,  frost  work,  drapery,  and  vario 
formations  fantastic  or  grotesque.  The 
are  lateral  branches  from  the  main  cave,  lea 
ing  to  pits  and  domes.  There  are  gypsu 
rosettes,  alabaster  columns,  limpid  poo 
sparkling  incrustations  and  other  subt( 
ranean  wonders.  The  portion  explored 
estimated  to  exceed  two  miles  in  length. —  1 
C.  Houey  in  Scientific  American. 

Alcohol  in  Bread. — In  the  fermentation 
the  dough  by  the  use  of  yeast,  in  makii 
bread,  a  certain  portion  of  alcohol  is  forme 
The  most  of  this  is  drawn  off  by  the  heat 
baking,  but  an  appreciable  quantity  remaii 
and  probably  adds  to  the  excellence  of  t 
bread.  Many  years  ago  a  company  w 
formed  in  London  who  erected  works  f 
baking  bread  in  such  a  way  as  to  conden 
and  save  the  alcohol.  It  was  easily  dor 
and  the  alcohol  was  made  and  sold  ;  but  aftj 
expending  8100,000  the  company  failed.  Th< 
could  not  sell  their  bread.  They  evaporat 
the  alcohol  from  it  so  closely  that  the  peojj 
pronounced  it  unpalatable  and  would  not  u 
it. — Scientific  American. 

Alligator  Skins. — The  most  fashionable  a- 
terial  for  small  valises,  satchels,  hand-bai 
portemonnaies,  and  the  like,  is  the  skin  of  t 
A  merican  Alligator,  and  in  all  the  Gulf  Stat* 
from  Florida  to  Texas,  these  saurians 
hunted  to  supply  the  demand. 

A  reporter  of  the  New  Orleans  Picayu 
desiring  to  make  some  inquiry  into  the  c 
tent  of  the  trade  in  their  skins,  visited  sevei 
dealers  in  bides  and  furs  of  that  city.  In  o 
warehouse  he  found  several  thousand  of  the 
skins  being  packed  for  shipment  to  New  Yo 
and  Boston,  There  were  skins  of  young  on 
not  much  more  than  a  yard  long,  and  othc 
of  alligators  that  must  have  measured  fr 
twelve  to  fifteen  feet  when  alive.  Only 
skin  of  the  belly  and  sides  is  used,  the  ba 
with  its  coat  of  mail  being  thrown  away 
worthless.  Each  skin  was  curiously  checker 
in  squares,  which  being  separated  by  int< 
secting  grooves  and  wrinkled,  gave  the  pec 
liar  checkered  appearance  seen  in  all  alligat 
leather.  The  flat  parts  of  the  skins  are  us 
for  bags  and  satchels  ;  while  those  pai 
covering  the  knees  and  elbows  of  the 


THE    FRIEND. 


159 


sr's  legs  are  peculiarly  suited  for  the  fronts 
boots  and  shoes.     The  average  prices  paid 

■  fresh  skins  ranged  from  10  cents  for  the 
tallest  to  90  cents  for  the  largest.  The 
niber  collected  in  the  New  Orleans  market 
s  diminished  from  100,000  to  50,000  a  year, 
■ing  to  the  increasing  scarcity  of  the  alli- 
tors. 

The  teeth  of  the  alligator,  which  are  round, 
lite  and  conical,  are  mounted  with  gold 
d  silver,  and  used  for  jewelry  trinkets,  and 

■  teething  babies  to  play  with. 

Rain  Fall  of  the  United  States.— The  Signal 
rvice  has  recently  published  a  valuable 
per  on  the  geographical  distribution  of  rain 
1  in  the  United  States.  This  useful  work 
American  climatology  clearly  shows  that 
3  great  vapor  sheet  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
tends  northward  in  the  middle  of  the  agri- 
Itural  season  over  nearly  the  entire  coun- 
I  east  of  the  ninety  seventh  meridian  and 
3n  beyond  the  lakes,  the  average  July  pre 
litation  within  this  area  approximating  four 
ihes,  and  that  of  August  from  two  to  three 
ihes.  When  it  is  remembered  that  an  inch 
water  yields  one  hundred  tons  of  water 
t  acre,  or  about  sixty  thousand  tons  for 
ih  square  mile  on  which  it  falls,  these 
tistics  afford  the  best  possible  proof  that 
»  climatic  conditions  on  which  the  agricul- 
•al  prosperity  of  the  country  depends  are 
t  deteriorating.  The  densest  part  of  the 
If  vapor  is  thrown  over  the  delta  of  the 
seissippi,  and  is  mostly  diffused  northeast- 
rdly  to  the  west  end  of  Lake  Erie.  While, 
Before,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  from  which  our 
ief  supply  of  rain  comes,  remains,  the  nor- 
.1  pupply  of  rain  for  the  country  will  not 
materially  reduced. — JYew  York  Herald. 
Deneholes. — These  are  pits,  evidently  of 
sat  antiquity,  found  in  various  parts  of 
gland,  and  supposed  to  have  been  flint 
nes,  whence  a  supply  of  flint  was  procured 
1  the  rude  implements  of  an  early  age. 
me  of  these  in  Hangman's  Woods,  Essex, 
ve  recently  been  investigated  by  a  local 
entific  society.  In  that  locality  the  chalk 
ata,  in  which  flints  are  found,  are  covered 
th  50  to  60  feet  of  sand  and  gravel.  The 
JStructors  of  the  deneholes  had  sunk  per- 
ndicular  shafts  about  three  feet  in  diameter 
d  eighty  feet  deep,  through  the  sand  into 
i  chalk,  where  they-  carefully  excavated 
died  chambers  so  as  to  form  a  double  trefoil 
6  chambers,  with  the  shaft  in  the  centre, 
le  Wood  is  stated  to  contain  about  70  of 
sse  holes,  the  shafts  of  most  of  them  being 
w  closed  by  soil  from  the  surface  and  sides. 
Russian  Wolves. — -The  value  of  domestic 
imals  annually  destroyed  by  wolves  in 
iropean  Russia  is  estimated  at  not  less  than 
,500,000.  The  police  reported  101  persons 
led  by  wolves  in  1875.  It  is  fortunate  for 
3  traveller  that  the  wolf  is  very  suspicious. 
stick  planted  in  the  earth  with  some  flutter- 
*  piece  of  linen  is  often  sufficient  to  preserve 
3  carcass  of  a  slain  deer  or  other  animal  for 
3  hunter.  When  a  Siberian  finds  his  sleigh 
rsued  by  wolves,  he  frequently  fastens  a 
it  or  some  spare  garment  to  a  string  and 
Ws  it  behind.  So  suspicious  are  the  wolves 
this  novel  object,  that  it  is  often  sufficient 
keep  them  from  advancing  ahead. 
Bee  Culture  in  Cashmere. — -In  building  the 
uses  spaces  are  left  in  the  walls  of  about  14 
»hes  in  diameter  and  two  feet  deep — the 
ual  thickness  of  the  walls.  Each  of  these 
vities  is  lined  with  a  mixture  of  mortar. 


clay  and  chopped  straw,  and  is  closed  at  the 
end  with  a  flat  tile  which  can  easily  be  re- 
moved from  the  inside  of  the  house.  When 
the  time  comes  for  removing  the  honey  from 
these  hives,  the  tile  is  removed,  and  the  bees 
driven  out  for  a  time  by-  the  smoke  of  some 
smouldering  straw.  The  same  colonies  con- 
tinue to  occupy  the  same  hives. 

Items. 

— The  Finances  of  Odd-Fellowship.— la  the  Even- 
ing Telegram,  of  Providence,  of  9th  mo.  17th,  ap- 
peared an  article  giving  some  statistics  of  Odd- 
Fellowship,  from  which  it  appears  that  in  the  years 
1881  and  1882,  the  order  received  from  its  members 
over  sln,iioii,iioo;  and  that  the  amount  paid  out 
during  the  same  period  for  the  relief  of  those  need- 
ing help  was  about  $3,700,000.  In  other  words, 
about  $6,300,000  of  the  funds  collected,  largely  from 
mechanics  and  men  of  limited  means,  has  been  con- 
sumed in  expenses! 

— Marriage  Regulations  in  Kansas. — From  the  ac- 
count of  Kansas  Yearly  Meeting,  the  Smaller  Bodv, 
published   in   Th,-    \Y,st,-rn    Frinidihr  the   Eleventh 

nilesofthel'>i>.'ipliiieofOh\oFV.ll'!ui"vret!iin.'d 
the  provisions  of  the  old  Indiana  Discipline,  which 
grant  the  privilege  of  marriage  according  to  our 
order,  where  one  of  the  parties  is  not  a  member,  and 
also  the  clause  giving  children  the  right  of  member- 
ship where  either  parent  is  a  member.  The  meet- 
ing was  united  in  adopting  a  clause  forbidding 
membership  to  divorced  parties  who  are  re-married 
to  others  while  a  former  husband  or  wife  is  still 
living. 

The  removal  of  the  restriction,  which  for- 
merly was  universal  among  Friends,  forbid- 
ding the  marriage  of  our  members  to  those 
who  are  not  of  our  Society-,  was  one  of  the 
changes  which  tended  to  break  down  the 
barriers  against  a  spirit  of  worldliness.  This 
restriction  was  founded  on  the  conviction, 
that  husband  and  wife  exercise  so  powerful 
an  influence  over  each  other,  that  it  is  very 
difficult  for  one  to  faithfully  uphold  a  testi- 
mony to  the  spiritual  principles  of  the  Gospel 
as  held  by  Friends,  where  there  is  opposition 
from  a  bosom  companion. 

—  Waldenses. — A  Waldensian  place  of  worship 
was  opened  in  Rome  on  11th  mo.  25th. 

— Mennonite  Doctrine. — An  abstract  of  a  sermon 
delivered  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  by  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  Mennonite  Church,  bears  an  interesting 
testimony  to  the  spiritual  nature  of  true  religion. 
In  commenting  on  tn<s  text,  "  Blessed  are  they  who 
keep  [the  Lord's]  commandments."  it  states  that 
these  commandments  are  written  in  the  hearts  of 
every  man — that  the  time  is  now  come  when  "they 
shall  teach  no  more  every  man  his  neighbor,  or  say 
unto  him,  know  ye  the  Lord  ;  for  all  shall  know  me, 
from  the  least  unto  the  greatest.  I  will  put  my  law 
in  their  inward  parts  and  write  it  in  their  hearts" — 
that  no  matter  who  he  is  or  what  he  is,  or  in  what 
part  of  the  earth  may  be  his  abode,  whether  he  has 
read  the  outward  scriptures,  or  heard  of  the  coming 
of  Christ  in  the  flesh,  the  law  of  God  is  given  to 
every  one,  and  the  wayfaring  man,  though  a  fool, 
can  understand  it — that  if  we  obey  this  light  within 
us  we  shall  be  accepted — that  Christ  died  for  our 
sins, — that  it  is  His  Light  in  the  soul  which  must 
call  the  sinner  to  repentance — that  if  we  repent  and 
forsake  our  sins  and  give  our  whole  heart  to  God, 
we  shall  partake  of  the  benefit  of  Christ's  atone- 
ment— but  that  no  outward  rites  or  ceremonies  can 
save  us,  or  are  necessary  to  salvation. 


THE    FRIEND. 


TWELFTH  MONTH  22, 


We  are  informed  that  recently*  a  member 
of  our  Society  having  occasion  to  go  to  the 


Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  this  city  to  look 
after  a  patient  who  required  surgical  treat- 
ment, was  ordered  byT  the  surgeon  in  attend- 
ance either  to  take  off  his  hat,  or  to  leave  the 
ward. 

We  were  much  surprised  to  learn  that  any 
such  regulation  had  been  adopted,  or  was 
attempted  to  be  enforced,  in  that  institution  ; 
because,  from  its  very  commencement,  it  had 
been  largely  supported  by  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  whose  religious  scruple 
against  removing  the  hat  as  a  sign  of  honor 
to  man,  is  widely  known  ;  and  probably  there 
never  has  been  a  time  when  several  of  our 
members  were  not  among  its  most  active  and 
efficient  managers.  As  no  consistent  Friend 
could  adopt  such  a  rule,  we  did  not  see  bow- 
it  could  have  found  a  place  among  the  regu- 
lations framed  for  the  proper  conducting  of 
that  valuable  charity, — especially  as  it  might 
have  the  effect  of  excluding  from  the  wards 
those  who  were  deeply  interested  in  particu- 
lar patients,  as  well  as  in  the  institution  itself. 

So  far  as  we  have  ascertained  this  regu- 
lation, as  to  removing  the  hat,  rests  on  no 
authority  emanating  from  the  Managers  of 
the  Hospital,  but  is  simply  an  arbitrary 
order  or  requisition  of  the  surgeons  them- 
selves. We  think  it  is  unnecessary  in  itself, 
that  it  comes  from  that  pride  which  seeks 
for  tokens  of  honor  from  men,  that  it  tends 
to  encourage  a  domineering  spirit,  and  that 
it  is  inexpedient,  because  its  tendency  is  to 
alienate  the  interest  of  a  class  of  persons  who 
have  been  liberal  supporters  of  the  institution. 

We  have  been  reminded  of  the  forcible 
language  used  by  the  late  Charles  Evans  in 
"The  Friend"  for  10th  mo.  5th,  1872,  when 
commenting  on  an  attempt  made  by-  one  of 
the  Judges  of  a  Philadelphia  Court  to  enforce 
a  similar  token  of  respect,  by  ordering  the 
hat  to  be  removed  from  a  Friend  who  was 
present.     C.  Evans  says  : 

"  Were  this  extraordinary  action  in  accord- 
ance with  or  sanctioned  by  any  law  of  the 
State,  it  would  be  a  disgrace  to  the  place  and 
the  age,  betraying  a  lingering  existence  in  the 
community-  of  that  persecuting  spirit  which 
once  filled  the  gaols  of  Great  Britain  with 
innocent  Friends,  because  they  would  not 
violate  their  conscientious  scruples,  in  order  to 
gratify  the  pride  and  unjust  demands  of  cruel 
and  vindictive  judges;  and  in  Xew  England, 
goaded  on  high  professing  Puritans  to  hang 
ministers  of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  because  they 
presumed  to  set  their  l'eet  within  the  limits 
of  their  jurisdiction  after  they  had  forbidden 
them  to  come.  But  being  the  illegal  act  of 
jone  man,  altogether  opposed  to  the  spirit  and 
,  feelings  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives, 
|  while  we  regret  that  he  should  thus  have 
sullied  the  dignity  and  equity  of  the  position 
he  holds,  we  disclaim  any  belief  that  in  bis 
!  determination  that  the  members  of  religious 
societies  should  not  act  up  to  their  religious 
'scruples  when  in  court,  or  in  his  peculiar 
notion,  that  men,  in  order  to  make  a  respect- 
■  able  appearance  there,  must  not  wear  their 
j  hats,  be  represents  the  opinion  or  feeling  of 
any  other  judge  in  the  State.'' 

The  spirit  of  these  remarks"  is  applicable  to 
the  present  case.  If  the  action  of  the  surgeon 
had  been  "sanctioned  by  any  law"  of  the 
Managers,  it  would  have  been  "  a  disgrace"  to 
them.  But  we  believe  that  the  issuing  of  an 
order  that  the  Friend  should  not  be  permitted 
to  enter  the  ward  in  future  with  his  hat  on,  is 
"  altogether  opposed  to  the  spirit  and  feelings 


160 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  the  community"  which  respect  the  con- 
sistent course  of  those  who  act  up  to  their 
scruples;  but  has  little  esteem  for  those  whose 
self-importance  seeks  such  homage,  or  for 
those  who  depart  from  their  principles  in 
subserviency  to  such  demands. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  President  has  appointed  a 
Board  to  consider  the  question  of  sending  an  expedi- 
tion to  the  relief  of  Lieut.  Greely  and  his  party,  and  to 
recommend  to  the  Secretaries  of  War  and  the  Navy 
jointly  the  steps  the  Board  may  deem  advisable  to  be 
taken" for  the  equipment  and  transportation  of  the  relief 
expedition,  and  to  suggest  such  plan  for  its  control  and 
conduct,  and  for  the  organization  of  its  personnel  as 
may  seem  to  them  best  adapted  to  accomplish  its  pur- 
pose. The  Board  expected  to  meet  in  Washington  this 
week. 

The  Postmaster  General  has  issued  a  circular  to  post- 
masters, in  which  he  says:  "In  consequence  of  the  re- 
cent reduction  in  the  letter  rate  of  postage,  postmasters 
are  directed  to  exchange  for  the  public,  as  application 
may  be  made,  the  three  and  six  cent  denominations  of 
postage  stamps  and  stamped  envelopes  for  others  of  dif- 
ferent denominations." 

The  Mescalero  Indians  have  been  given  permission 
to  send  a  delegation  to  Washington  to  complain  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  the  occupation  of  part  of 
their  lands  by  the  Jicarilla  Indians,  who  were  recently 
removed  to  their  reservation. 

A  San  Francisco  telegram  confirms  a  rumor  that 
Clans  Spreckels  has  "  cornered"  the  entire  Hawaiian 
sugar  crop.  The  quantity  is  estimated  at  80,000,000 
pounds,  and  the  operation,  it  is  said,  will  enable  him 
to  control  the  sugar  trade  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

One  of  the  largest  recorded  cattle  sales  was  consum- 
mated on  the  13th  inst.,  in  Denver,  Colorado.  H.  D. 
and  J.  W.  Snyder  &  Co.,  of  that  city,  bought  of  Snyder 
Brothers,  of  Georgetown,  Texas,  over  29,000  head  of 
cattle  and  400  horses  for  i 000,000  cash. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Botanical  Section  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  was  held  last  week.  The 
reports  stated  that  the  herbarium  is  believed  to  contain 
representatives  of  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  whole 
flora  of  the  earth,  which  at  the  present  time  is  com- 
puted to  be  about  100,000  species. 

About  two  thousand  coal  miners  have  been  thrown 
out  of  employment  by  the  suspension  of  a  large  number 
of  mines  on  the  Monongahela  on  account  of  the  depres- 
sion of  the  trade. 

The  State  debt  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  1st  of  the 
present  month,  was  $20,225,083,  and  the  reduction  dur- 
ing the  year  ending  on  that  date  was  §506,300. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  364, 
which  was  24  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
6  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  ISO  were  males,  178  females:  54  died 
of  consumption;  27  of  pneumonia;  32  of  diphtheria; 
19  of  scarlet  fever  ;  15  of  croup,  and  14  of  old  age. 

Markets,  etc.— U.  S.  4Ps,  114f ;  4's,  registered,  123J; 
coupon,  121J;  3's,  102;  currency  6's,  127  a  134. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  but  prices 
were  without  essential  change.  Sales  of  middlings  are 
reported  at  lOf  a  10g  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and 
New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  9  a  9J  cts  for  export, 
and  10  a  10J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull.  Soles  of  1850  barrels,  includ- 
ing Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  .JO  ;  Pennsylvania 
family  at  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and  patents 
at  16  a  $6.75.    Rye  Hour  was  steady  at  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  closed  dull.  About  9500  bushels  red 
sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  S1.12  a  $1.13.1  ;  No.  2 
at  $1,073  a  $112  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Dela- 
ware, and  No.  3  red  at  $1.01  a  $1.02  per  bushel.  Corn. 
— Car  lots  were  unsettled:  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots 
at  61  a  64  els.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  vel- 
low;  and  new  at  50  a  57  cts.;  and  80,000  bushels  sail 
mixed  at  59  a  62  cts.  12th  mo.,  61  a  62  cts.  1st  mo.,  62| 
a  63  cts.  2d  mo.,  and  02;  a  63}   eta.  3rd   mo.     Oats.— 

Car  lots  were  unsettled.     About  12, 1 bushels  Bold  in 

lots  at  38  a  401  cts.  per  bushel,  a, voiding  to  quality, 
and  15,000  bushels  No.  2  white  al  39  a  40  els.  12th  mo., 
40  a  41  cts.  1st  mo.,  41;;  a  12  cts.  2d  mo.,  and  12  a  43 
cts.  3d  mo.  Rye  was  unchanged.  Small  sales  are  re- 
ported at  65  cts.  per  bushel. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  demand  at  an  advance :  2800  head 
arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5  a  7  1  cts.  per 
pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand  at  an  advance  :  8000  head 


arrived  and  sold  at  3  a  5J  cts.,  per  lb.,  as  to  condition, 
and  lambs  at  31-  a  6|  cts. 

Hogs  were  in  demand  at  an  advance  :  5000  head 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  7£  a  81  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to 
quality. 

Foreign. — Violent  gales  prevailed  throughout  Eng- 
land on  the  evening  of  12th  month  12th,  causing  much 
damage  in  London  and  the  provinces.  The  gale  pre- 
vailed throughout  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  was 
accompanied  on  the  coast  by  heavy  seas.  The  telegraph 
lines  are  much  damaged  and  communication  is  serious- 
ly impeded.  The  gale  was  especially  severe  in  Ireland, 
Scotland  and  North  Wales.  In  the  midland  counties  of 
England  huge  trees  were  torn  up  and  carried  away,  and 
there  was  great  destruction  of  property  and  personal  in- 
jury. There  was  also  some  loss  of  life  in  that  section. 
The  low-lying  districts  of  Birmingham  are  flooded. 

Official  announcement  is  made  that  England  resumes 
control  in  Basutoland,  in  compliance  with  the  request 
of  a  large  majority  of  the  natives  of  that  country. 

A  Hong  Kong  despatch  to  Renter's  Telegram  Com- 
pany, dated  12th  mo.  17th,  asserts  that  a  French  expe- 
dition composed  of  6000  men,  with  a  flotilla  of  gun- 
boats and  steam  launches,  started  several  days  ago  from 
Hanoi  for  Sontay.  The  troops  were  landed  seven  miles 
from  the  town  and  encamped  without  meeting  the 
enemy  or  firing  a  shot.  The  assault  upon  Sontay  was 
expected  to  be  made  on  the  12th.  The  enemy's  forces 
is  estimated  at  20,000  men. 

The  Press  Association  says  it  is  enabled  to  state  that, 
if  Bac-Ninh  and  Sontay  are  attacked  by  the  French 
forces  in  Tonquin,  the  Marquis  Tseng,  Chinese  Ambas- 
sador, will  promptly  leave  his  embassy  in  Paris  and  go 
to  England. 

It  is  rumored  in  Madrid  that  the  Governor  of  the 
Island  of  Fernando  Po  has  telegraphed  to  the  Govern- 
ment that  a  French  vessel  has  taken  possession  of  the 
Islands  of  Annabon  and  Carisco,  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea, 
belonging  to  Spain. 

Madrid,  12th  mo.  15th.— El  Parvenir  publishes  a 
manifesto  from  Ruiz  Zorilla,  the  Radical,  dated  at 
London,  Pith  mo.  11th.  The  document  is  12  columns 
in  length,  and  defends  the  military  rising  in  the  Spanish 
I  army  of  last  8th  month.  It  violently  attacks  the  Bour- 
bons and  the  monarchical  form  of  government,  and 
'proclaims  the  necessity  for  a  Spanish  Republic.  It 
.states  that  the  chief  points  of  the  Republican  pro- 
gramme are  as  follows:  Civil  marriages,  trial  by  jury, 
the  abolition  of  slavery,  the  assimilation  of  the  colonies 
to  the  mother  country,  and  reforms  in  every  branch  of 
the  administration.  Zorilla  severely  criticises  the  policy 
of  the  restoration.  He  considers  that  a  revolution  in 
Spain  is  inevitable,  is  certain  to  succeed,  and  will  not 
J  be  long  delayed.  He  concludes  by  saying  :  "  A  republic 
is  the  only  form  of  government  that  will  allow  Spain  to 
enjoy  order,  morality,  justice,  and  liberty.  Whether 
|  the  future  struggle  shall  be  one  of  peace  or  one  of  arms, 
the  day  of  battle  will  be  a  day  of  victory.  Our  motto 
will  always  be,  '  Never  compromise  with  Bourbons.'" 
El  Parvenir  will  be  criminally  prosecuted  for  publish- 
ing the  radical  manifesto  issued  by  Ruiz  Zorilla. 

King  Alphonso,  of  S.pain,  opened  the  Cortes  on  the 
evening  of  the  15th,  with  the  usii.il  ceremony.  In  his 
speech  he  deplores  the  late  insurrection  among  the 
military.  "  The  sole  result  of  the  incidents  which  oc- 
curred during  the  journey,"  he  said,  "  was  to  increase 
the  cordiality  of  Spain  with  other  countries  and  to  pro- 
voke on  my  return  one  of  those  manifestations  which  I 
are  only  possible  when  monarch  and  people  are  united 
in  one  sentiment,  and  which  sufficiently  compensated 
me  for  the  excessive  grief  I  was  caused  by  the  late  in- 
surrection." He  refers  to  the  prospective  improvement 
of  Spain's  commercial  relations  with  France,  Germany, 
Portugal,  Italy,  Denmark,  the  Netherlands,  South 
America  and  the  United  Slates.  The  speech  expresses 
the  hope  that  the  budget  will  be  covered  by  the  ordi- 
nary resources,  and  concludes  by  saying  that  after  all 
these  reforms  are  voted  the  Government  will  introduce 
an  electoral  reform  bill,  in  which  the  universalization 
of  the  suffrage  will  give  equitable  representation  to  all 
social  interests.  The  mission  of  this  Cortes  it  says  will 
then  be  ended.      If  the  Government  mevai'i,-  al  Hie  neu- 


ral, the  Prince  being  in  Rome,  that  he  should  visit  t 
second  sovereign,  namely,  the  Pope,  who  lives  at  pe; 
with  Germany,  since  it  might  otherwise  be  conclud 
that  there  was  ill  feeling  between  the  imperial  fam 
and  the  Pope.  It  concludes  by  saying  that  there  i 
no  special  or  political  motives  involved  in  either! 
visit  of  the  Prince  to  the  King  of  Italy  or  to  the  Pc 
of  Rome. 

Reichonnet,  head  of  the  political  department  of  t 
Swiss  Federal  Council,  speaking  at  a  military  banqi 
on  the  14th,  said  :  •'  Be  on  your  guard.  Let  the  Sw 
people  prepare  to  defend  their  country.  Many  bla 
clouds  are  gathering  on  the  European  horizon.  W 
long  averted,  will  hardly  be  escaped  after  1884. 
may  even  come  next  spring." 

Among  curious  exhibits  at  the  Munich  electrical  < 
hibition  were  a  series  of  photographs  representing  t 
various  changes  and  contortions  produced  in  the  hum 
face  by  subjecting  the  different  facial  nerves  of  a  pith 
to  the  action  of  electricity.  The  expressions  of  j 
pain,  surprise  and  doubt  were  easily  realized  aceordi 
to  the  nerve  that  was  touched  by  the  electrode.  Gr> 
attention  is  now  being  given  by  the  medical  faculty 
Munich  to  the  effect  of  the  electrical  current  upon  I 
nerves  that  control  the  heart. 

A  cargo  of  100,000  cwt.  of  American  wheat  has  bi 
brought  by  steamer  from  Hamburg  to  Laube,  in  Bo 
mia.  This  is  the  first  cargo  of  American  wheat  e 
imported  into  Austria. 

The  Tamaulipas,  the  first  steamer  of  the  Mexii 
Transatlantic  line,  has  arrived  at  Vera  Cruz. 

Lima,  12th  mo.  11th.— El  Bien  Publico  state 
the  Bolivian  Commissioners  had  arrived  at  Santia 
Chili,  and  within  forty-eight  hours  of  their  preser 
lion  arranged  a  peace,  the  conditions  of  which  wo 
enable  both  armies  to  lay  down  their  arms.  1 
second  troops  of  Caceras  recognize  the  present  Gove 
ment.  His  submission  has  made  a  good  impress 
here. 

12th  mo.  14th.— El  Bien  Publico  publishes  a 
gram,  stating  that  Arequipa  has  been  evacuated  by 
Chilians.     It  also   publishes   the  President's   letter 
Caceras,  assuring  the  latter  of  his  perfect  security. 

Buenos  Ayres,  12th  mo.  13th.— The  Department! 
Salavina  and  Aquina,  in  the  Province  of  Santiago 
Estero,  are  suffering  greatly  from  famine.  Relief  ci| 
missioners  are  being  organized  here. 

The  Canadian  Department  of  Agriculture  has  b 
informed  of  the  discovery  of  a  large  gold  field  in 
Rocky  Mountains,  near  Podmore.  The  surface  c 
tains  copper  assaying  160  pounds  per  ton,  and  nude 
is  the  gold. 

ANTHONY  BENEZET. 
Henry  Longstreth,  Bookseller,  No.  738  Sansom 
Philada".,  has  received  a  number  of  copies  of  a  Men 
of  Anthony  Benezet,  compiled  by  Roberts  Vaux,  v 
additions  by  Wilson  Armistead  of  Leeds,  England.  J 
will  be  sent  by  mail  to  any  addresson  receipt  ofsevet 
five  cents.     Special  terms  for  a  number  of  copies. 


A  "  Friends'  Calendar  for  1S84,"  designed  for  he 
and  office  use,  having  been  prepared  by  several  in: 
ested  Friends  is  now  ready,  and  can  be  obtained  on 
plication  either  at  Friend?  Book  Store,  304  Arch  St. 
of  E.  L.  South,  6  North  Sixth  St. ;  or  if  desired  wil 
mailed  to  any  address. 


PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

Old  muslin  or  linen,  especially  large  pieces  sucl 
sheets  and  table  cloths,  which  are  used  in  dress 
serious  burns,  are  much  needed  at  the  Pennsylva 
Hospital,  Eighth  and  Spruce. 

Packages  will  be  sent  for  if  the  steward  is  notifiei 


the  li 


The  North  German  Oatetle,  editorially  commenting 

on  the  visit  (Jf  the  Crown  Prince  to  Rome,  Bays  thai 

International  courtesy  required  that  the  Prince,  in 
passing  twice  through  the  kingdom  „f  Italy,  should 
visit  the  sovereign  thereof,  and  that  it  was  just  as  nalu- 


Died,  12th  mo.  5th,  1S83,  at  his  home  near  Yi 
ville,  N.  J.,  Samuel  Ali.inson,  in  the  75th  year  of 
age,  a  beloved  and  valued  member  of  Chester! 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.  This  dear  Friend 
strongly  attached  to  our  religiousSociety,  and  consist 
in  the  maintenance  of  its  doctrines  and  testinion 
But  while  actively  solicitous  for  the  welfare  of 
church,  he  labored' yet  more  abundantly  for  the  ben 
of  the  dependent  and  criminal  classes.  "lie  ever  shr 
from  publicity,  and  was  wont  to  regard  himself  as 
unprofitable  servant.  He  was  of  late  impressed  v 
the  feeling  that  bis  earthly  course  was  drawing  I 
close,  but  he  calmly  waited  upon  the  will  of  his  L< 
After  cheerfully  mingling,  during  the  evening 
home  circle,  he  retired  to  rest,  and  soon  after  midni 
"  he  was  not    -lor  God  took  him." 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH-DAY,  TWELFTH  MONTH  29,  18S3. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in  advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.   116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


Entered  as  second-class  i 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Sarah  B.  Upton. 

(Continued  from  page  154.) 

To  her  friends,  H.  and  S.  W.,  absent  on  a 
ummer  trip,  she  writes  as  follows,  under  date 
th  mo.  27th,  1830:  "Though  I  do  not  know 
vhere  you  are,  or  whether  my  letter  will  ever 
each  you,  my  dear  friends,  yet  I  felt  best 
atisfied  to  write  a  few  lines  to  you  by  way 
»f  remembrance.  I  do  not  feel  any  better  for 
Rt her  an  unprofitable  evening,  having  had  C. 
lere,  saying  many  odd  things,  so  that  it  was 
lifficiilt  to  preserve  a  spirit  of  seriousness.  I 
ould  not  help  contrasting  it  in  ray  mind  with 
he  quietude  of  last  evening  which  I  passed 
vitli  dear  S.  alone.  In  the  depth  of  spiritual 
xercise  there  is  more  true  enjoyment  than 
n  anj-  outward  communion.  Perhaps  I 
hould  say  more  true  peace,  for  I  well  know 
hat  suffering  is  often  the  portion  of  those 
vhose  feet  have  been  turned  into  the  narrow 
pay.  Well,  dear  girls,  what  I  wish,  what  I 
arnestly  desire,  is  that  we  may  not  in  any 
ray  hinder  each  other's  progress  in  this  neces- 
ary  work.  We,  who  profess  so  much  (oh  ! 
hat  we  may  always  remember  it),  who  pro- 
ess  to  be  guided  in  all  our  actions  by  the  un- 
rring  Spirit  of  Truth,  how  readj*  should  we 
e  to  embrace  every  opportunity  to  seek  Di- 
ine  counsel,  instruction,  or  consolation. 

"Has  it  become  a  pleasure  to  us  to  turn 
rom  outward  objects,  however  attractive,  to 
hat  still,  small  voice  that  can  be  heard  only 
phen  the  tumult  of  rapid  thought  has  sub- 
ided?  Or  is  the  conflict  entered  upon  with 
eluctance  and  from  a  sense  of  duty  only? 
jet  us  press  forward.  I  am  firm  in  the  belief 
hat  all  that  is  wanting  is  more  faith  in  the 
jight  within,  and  it  behooves  us  to  pray 
arnestly  for  an  increase  of  faith.  I  look  with 
;n  emulous  eye  to  that  state  where  the  mind 
3  stayed  upon  this  unshaken  foundation,  and 
he  billows  of  external  trouble  cannot  over- 
whelm. Such  a  state  is  ineffably  lovely,  for 
t  is  one  of  pure  and  holy  communion,  in 
rhich  too,  the  bands  of  Christian  fellowship 
•re  strengthened  by  the  powerful  effluence 
I  that  love  which  is  stronger  than  death,  and 
nore  enduring  than  any  natural  tie.  May 
his  be  our  bond  of  union,  my  much  loved 
riends  ;  may  it  increase  vvith  added  years 
hrough  fleeting  Time,  and  find  its  full  frui- 
ion  in  eternity.  I  fear  my  lines  will  be  rather 
ll-timed,  but  I  cannot  help  it — they  come  un- 


bidden. Amidst  the  sublime,  the  beautiful  or 
the  grand  of  the  Omnipotent,  I  trust  you  will 
find  that  enjoyment  I  wish  you — an  enjoy- 
ment far  surpassing  the  thrilling  enjoj-ment 
that  even  the  worldling  can  feel.  Fur.  in  its 
all-subduing  power,  it  prostrates  all  the  facul- 
ties of  the  soul  at  the  footstool  of  the  Creator 
in  grateful  adoration  that  He  has  gifted  us 
with  powers  of  perception  so  exquisite.'' 

As  to  the  outward,  so  far  the  life  of  Sarah 
Thomson  appears  to  have  been  absorbed  by 
home-duties,  and  social  and  benevolent  claims, 
and  her  favorite  pursuits  of  reading  and  gar 
dening  (for  books  and  flowers  would  seem  to 
have  been  her  constant  companions  from 
youth  to  old  age),  and  though  physical  suffer- 
ing was  often  her  own  attendant,  yet,  when 
her  health  would  permit,  she  was  a  frequent 
watcher  at  the  bed-side  of  her  friends,  an  ac 
tive  visitor  of  prisons,  and  a  worker  amoni 
the  poor. 

No  one  could  possess  a  more  keen  relish  for 
nnocent  social  enjoyment  than  she,  and,  as  a 
young  woman,  her  fund  of  information,  hei 
love  of  humor  and  her  natural  vivacity,  ren 
tiered  her  one  of  the  most  sprightly  of  hei 
circle.     By  a  New  York  cotemporary  she  was 

scribed  as  being,  in  those  days,  "  almost  like 
a  French  girl"  in  the  gaiety  of  her  manner 
heightened  by  her  bright,  intellectual  face, 
and  dark,  curling  hair.  That  curling  h 
she  felt  it  right  to  brush  as  smoothlj'  back  as 
possible,  and  over  that  native  vivacity  she 
kept  watchful  guard  lest  it  might  become 
frivolity;  yet  she  did  not  stamp  it  out,  and 
it  never  left  her,  but  retained  its  place  to 
brighten  even  old  age,  and  keep  her  as  ready 
is  her  younger  friends,  to  join  with  relish  in 
anything  really  amusing  or  witty. 

In  the  year  1831,  an  association  of  women 

members  of  the  Society  of  Friends — was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  an 
Infant  School,"  and  Sarah  Thomson,  herself 
a  member  of  the  association,  volunteered  to 
take  charge  of  the  school  until  a  suitable 
teacher  could  be  found.  An  offer  which,  she 
said,  proved  a  trap,  for,  until  ten  years  later, 

hen  she  married,  no  teacher  was  found  for 
the  position. 

While  in  the  quiet  of  her  declining  years, 
she  followed  herformer  pupils  in  their  careers 
with  lively  interest,  her  greatest  satisfaction 
arose  from  the  belief  that,  even  more  than  to 
minds,  to  hearts  her  instructions  had  been 
blessed.  Long  will  the  meek  and  reverent 
air  with  which  she  referred  to  this  on  her 
dying  bed  be  remembered.  "I  do  not  wish 
to  boast,"  she  said,  "  but  I  have  a  blessed  hope 
of  meeting  some  to  whom  my  instructions 
have  been  blessed." 

Thus,  absorbed  by  her  school,  her  home 
and  social  interests,  passed  another  decade  in 
this  life  of  "Doing  and  Suffering."  Kiiftcruuj, 
for  sometimes  hours  of  the  night  were  passed 
in  walking  the  floor  with  pain  caused  by  vio- 
lent neuralgia. 

Rarely,  perhaps  has  any  human  frame  had 


placed  within  it  a  mind  less  in  sympathy  with 
its  ailments,  and  her  lifelong  tendency  was  to 
oft'er  resistance,  rather  than  to  yield  to  dis- 
ease, and  while,  on  the  numerous  occasions, 
when  obliged  to  succumb  temporarily,  she 
would  be  as  obedient  as  a  soldier  on  drill,  to 
physician  and  nurse,  her  habit  of  calmly  re- 
signing consequences  to  Him  whom  she  loved, 
came  to  be  counted  on  by  her  physician  as 
his  surest  aid  iu  the  effort  for  her  recovery, 
and  her  sick-room  was  a  spot  where  he  loved 
to  pause  on  his  rounds,  for  sympathy  and  in- 
tellectual converse.  Not  that  there  were  no 
struggles,  no  new  lessons  to  learn  and  no 
failures.  Well  she  knew  what  it  was  to  de- 
scend into  the  depths,  but  as  well  she  knew 
what  it  was  to  come  up  from  them  with  stones 
of  memorial,  because  her  reliance  was  on  the 
un conquered  Captain. 

To  her  friend,  A.  E.,  8th  mo  6th,  1841  :— 
"  For  man}',  man}-  years  after  the  world  had 
lost  its  brightness  to  me,  I  longed  only  to  be 
prepared  and  taken  out  of  it.  Alas!  it  was 
the  spirit  of  rebellion,  though  I  saw  it  not  so 
then.  But  there  came  a  change;  my  eyes 
were  opened  to  behold  hovv  glorious  was  the 
Lord's  work  upon  earth,  and  what  a  favor  to 
be  permitted  in  any  way  to  aid  therein.  From 
that  time  I  have  felt  no  wish  to  shrink  from 
the  toil  or  the  heat  of  the  day,  but  a  thankful 
feeling  that  life  was  lengthened  out,  and  ability 
in  some  measure  given  to  "work  while  it  is 
called  to-day."  I  do  not  speak  in  any  wise 
boastingly — far  from  it;  I  have  fallen  far 
short,  and  am  truly  an  unprofitable  servant, 
but  I  am  desirous  to  encourage  thee  thus  to 
feel,  and  not  to  dwell  unprofitably  on  the  dark 
side  of  the  present  changing  scene,  where  all 
we  love  seems  of  so  precarious  a  tenure." 

To  the  same  friend  two  months  later  she 
writes: — ■ 

"  There  was  one  expression  in  thy  note 
which  has  dwelt  ever  since  upon  my  mind, 
and  if  I  had  then  had  the  time,  I  should  have 
endeavored  to  answer  it.  Thou  said,  'If  I 
could  believe  I  was  one  of  my  Heavenly 
Father's  children.'  Ah!  my  dear  young  friend, 
I  have  trodden  the  same  path,  and  can  now 
look  back  and  see  how  much  solid  comfort  I 
deprived  myselfof  by  continuingin  thisdoubt- 
~ng  state.  Yes,  there  is  no  substantial  peace 
or  enjoyment  till  we  feel  ourselves  the  chil- 
dren of  a  reconciled  Father  and  God,  through 
the  medium  of  a  Saviour  and  Redeemer.  And 
why  not  believe?  He  has  done  much  for 
thee.  Thou  feels  his  love  in  thy  heart — thou 
art  determined  to  live  for  Him,  and  to  seek 
thy  consolation  from  Him  alone.  Thou  art 
one  of  bis  dear  children,  and  thou  mayest 
safely  rely  upon  his  arm  of  Divine  power  to 
lead  thee  safely  along  in  the  path  of  life,  and 
unhesitatingly  accept  thecomfort  of  his  Spirit. 
My  heart  goes  out  towards  thee,  my  dear, 
with  yearnings  tor  thy  true  happiness,  and 
earnest  desires  for  thy  enlargement  in  every 
good  gift,  Having  myself  tarried  too  long  in 
the  wilderness,  I  would  fain  encourage  thee 


162 


THE    FRIEND. 


to  act  more  wisely,  and  use  greater  diligence 
in  making  thy  calling  and  election  sure." 

Of  her  approaching  marriage  she  wrote  to 
her  friend  E.  E.,  in  9th  mo.  4th,  1841  :— 

"The  last  day  of  this  month  is  fixed  upon 
for  the  eventful  one.  *  *  We  shall  have  a 
small,  quiet  wedding.  *  *  I  greatly  crave 
that  covering  of  spirit  at  such  a  solemn  season 
as  may  be  recurred  to  afterwards  in  seasons 
of  weakness  as  an  evidence  of  Divine  support. 
1  trust  we  have  thy  prayers.  It  is  a  blessed 
thing  to  have  the  prayers  of  saints.  There 
is  much  to  feel  in  leaving  home,  and  my  dear 
father  often  touches  a  very  tender  chord  in  his 
remarks  about  not  living  to  see  me  again." 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "The  Fiiend." 

A  Summer  in  the  Azores. 

(Concluded  li-oni  page  154.) 

No  one  should  miss  seeing  the  Caldeira,  the 
crater,  pa?-  excellence,  of  Fayal.  It  is  reached 
by  a  gradual  ascent  of  nine  miles  from  Horta, 
which  is  easily  made  on  a  donkey  or  in  a 
hammock.  The  hammock,  fastened  at  either 
end  to  a  long  bamboo  pole,  is  thus  borne  on 
the  shoulders  of  two  men.  We  were  waken- 
ed at  four  in  the  morning  by  our  escort,  who 
chattered  and  smoked  incessantly,  while  wait- 
ing for  us  to  breakfast. 

As  we  began  the  ascent,  the  men  reversed 
the  hammocks,  so  that  we  rode  backwards, 
thus  commanding  fine  views  of  the  town,  the 
harbor,  and  Pico.  For  the  first  half-hour,  I 
thought  I  had  never  experienced  so  luxurious 
a  method  of  locomotion.  Then  gradually 
numbness  began  to  creep  over  my  extremi- 
ties, and  finally  overevery  part  of  me.  Sharp, 
nervous  pains  followed  ;  and  my  distress  cul- 
minated in  sea-sickness,  which  compelled  me 
to  order  the  men  to  halt.  I  proceeded  the 
rest  of  the  way,  alternately  walking,  and  rid- 
ing a  donkey. 

For  miles  our  path  was  hedged  in  by  the 
blue  hydrangea, — a  plant  not  indigenous,  but 
thoroughly'  naturalized  here.  Seen  from  a 
distance,  it  seems  to  lie  in  masses  like  a  soft 
blue  mist  on  the  slopes  of  the  hills;  but  on  a 
nearer  view  it  is  found  to  be  planted  as  a  divi- 
sion between  the  lands.  Each  plant  is  im- 
mense, and  bears  hundreds  of  large  trusses  of 
sky-blue  flowers.  The  pastures  were  pink 
with  genuine  Scotch  heather,  contrasting  well 
with  the  vivid  green  of  the  tree  heath.  Box, 
similar  to  that  cultivated  for  borders  in  old 
colonial  days,  grew  to  tall  trees  shaped  like 
the  Lombardy  poplar.  Beautiful  composite 
flowers  nodded  from  the  sides  of  the  ravines, 
which  were  covered  with  masses  of  the  native 
ivy  resembling  our  English  ivy. 

Up,  up,  steadily  up,  three  thousand  three 
hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  above  the  sea- 
level  to  the  brink  of  the  Caldeira.  It  was  free 
from  clouds,  and  an  awe-inspiring  spectacle, ! 
— a  circular  abyss  with  precipitous  sides  cov- 
ered with  heath  and  Faya  ;*  eighteen  hun- 
dred feet  to  the  bottom,  which  is  a  vast  arena, 
containing  a  hill  with  its  crater,  and  a  large 
pond.  Patches  of  bluish-green,  fringed  with 
yellow,  were  dotted  here  and  there,  and  slight 
elevations  of  irregular  blocks  of  lava.  What 
we  later  found  to  be  men  cutting  rushes,  and 

Our  gentlemen  set  out  with  a  guide  fin- a 
ride  round  the  rim   of  the  crater,  a  distance 

*  Faya,  a  tree  that  gives  its  name  to  tlie  island  of 
Fayal.     Latin,  Fagux. 


of  more  than  five  miles.  We  watched  them 
for  over  two  hours,  crawling  like  great  black 
ants  along  the  edge.  They  said  it  was  like 
riding  on  the  ridge-pole  of  a  house. 

Just  alter  noon  we  noticed  an  unusual  ac- 
tivity among  the  mites  at  the  bottom,  and  by 
the  aid  of  a  powerful  glass,  discovered  that 
they  were  binding  their  sheaves,  and,  finally 
packing  them  on  their  heads,  were  actually 
beginning  the  ascent.  This  made  us  think  it 
could  not  be  as  bad  as  it  looked,  and  notwith- 
standing the  "  0  Caminho  nao  esta  bom''  (the 
road  no  good)  of  the  donkey-men,  we  deter- 
mined to  try  it.  The  sight  of  a  little  money 
tempted  two  of  the  guides,  and  the  two  gen- 
tlemen and  I  set  out  for  the  bottom.  Strik- 
ing into  a  sheep-path,  we  went  rapidly  at 
first;  but  soon  it  turned  upon  itself  in  angles 
so  sharp  and  steep  that  we  could  not  trace  it 
six  feet  ahead.  To  make  the  eighteen  hun 
dred  feet,  one  must  walk  at  least  three  times 
the  distance.  Taking  the  guide's  hand,  with 
a  pole  in  the  other,  1  leaped  down  with  long 
jumps.  This  was  very  exhausting,  and  my 
knees  trembled  violently.  Again  and  again 
we  assured  each  other  that  we  were  half  way 
down,  when  a  glance  at  the  placid  sheep  be- 
low showed  us  our  mistake.     At  last  G 

exclaimed  that  he  could  see  the  sheeps'  legs, 
and  then  their  shadows,  and  we  saw  that  we 
were  really  progressing. 

As  we  drew  nearer  the  bottom,  on  steps  so 
narrow  that  we  could  only  place  one  foot  at 
a  time,  we  had  met  the  patient  toilers  of  the 
Caldeira,  gray-headed  men,  and  boys  of  four- 
teen, with  their  heavy  burdens  on  their  heads, 
staggering  painfully  up  the  awful  heights. 
These  rushes  are  braided  into  matting,  and 
into  ropes  for  the  cattle.  Three  yards  of 
rope  are  sold  in  the  market-place  for  a  patank, 
five  cents.  Think  of  the  toil  and  the  hard- 
ship that  go  to  that  little  coil  of  rope;  the 
miles  of  walking  barefoot  through  steep  rocky 
ravines  to  the  summit  of  the  Caldeira,  the 
fatiguing  descent  into  the  pit,  the  hours  of 
hard  labor  in  the  broiling  sun,  the  cruel  climb 
under  the  dreadful  burden,  and  the  long  walk 
home  in  the  gloaming,  with  a  loaf  of  hard 
bread,  and  a  straw  pallet  for  the  weaiy  bones 
at  the  end  of  it.  The  rushes  are  tied  first  in 
small  packages,  then  bound  together  in  im- 
mense sheaves.  A  round  place  is  left  for  the 
head,  and  softly  lined  with  lycopodium. 

We  reached  the  floor  of  the  crater  in  an  hour 
and  a  quarter.  It  was  covered  with  mints 
and  tansy.  The  pond,  which  from  above  had 
appeared  like  stagnant  water,  was  the  outlet 
of  a  clear  brook,  the  surface  being  covered 
with  a  network  of  the  leaves  of  some  aquatic 
plant.  Gold  and  silver  fishes  darted  among 
the  roots.  At  some  time  or  other,  the  crater 
lakes  have  been  stocked  with  these  fish. 
There  are  no  native  fish  in  the  islands,  and 
no  snakes  or  reptiles  of  any  kind.  A  few 
small  pond-lilies  bloomed  sweetly  near  the 
shore.  It  was  a  relief  to  find  life  and  beauty 
in  place  of  stagnation  and  decay.  Gazing  up- 
ward, it  was  an  awful  sensation  to  see  the 
clouds  pouring  in  over  the  edge  of  the  abvss 
like  a  cataract,  and  rolling  above  us  like  bil- 
lows of  the  sea.  The  terrible  walls  BCemed  to 
be  closing  in  around  us.  It  seemed  impossi- 
ble that  we  should  ever  scale  them.  In  vain 
we  strained  our  eyes  to  see  the  forms  ami 
faces  of  those  we  bad  left  behind.  Of  the 
depth  and  vastness  of  this  amphitheatre  one 
can  form  no  adequate  idea  without  descend- 
ing into  it. 


Mi 


be  largest  and  finest  of  thd 
Azores.  It  contains  craters,  hot  springs  an<j 
geysers.  In  the  extinct  crater  called  tfflj 
Furnas,  man  has  pitched  his  habitation  ah 
over  its  surface,  and  cornfields  wave  upon  it 
slopes,  and  the  yam  and  the  sweet  potatod 
flourish,  cheated  into  a  tropical  luxuriance  bu 
its  subterranean  fires,  and  watered  by  th' 
spray  of  its  boiling  brooks. 

The  geysers,  or  caldeiras,  occur  in  a  steril 
patch  of  pumice  and  clay,  about  half  an  acrjf 
in  extent,  the  surface  of  which  is  thickly  sowifl 
with  alum  and  soda.  The  ground  sounds 
hollow  under  the  tread,  and  hot  steam  hissel 
from  every  crack.  Near  the  boiling  lakelej 
I  have  described,  a  perpetual  churning  il 
heard,  like  the  splashing  of  water  under  a  re] 
volving  wheel  in  a  pit.  Below,  the  pit  re  J 
sounds  and  trembles  with  a  regular  thud,  lik<| 
the  steady  beat  of  an  engine,  and,  at  eaelj 
pulsation,  vomits  forth  scalding  water  whicll 
is  covered  with  an  oily  scum,  and  deposits  .  I 
gluey  clay  on  the  sides  of  the  pit. 

Side  by  side,  so  that  one  can  put  the  thurn 
in  one,  and  the  forefinger  of  the  same  ban. 
in  the  other,  one  finds  icy-cold  soda-watei 
sparkling  like  champagne,  separated  only  b; 
a  thin  rim  of  clay  from  sulphur-water  so  ho 
and  so  offensive  that  one  can  hardly  bear  th 
touch  or  smell  of  it;  and,  what  is  more  re 
markable,  the  cold  spring  is  in  a  state  of  a 
active  ebullition  as  the  hot  one. 

The  ciilih  iras  of  the  Furnas  are  situated  01 
an  elevated  plateau,  from  which  the  water 
are  carried  in  pipes  to  the  baths  and  foun 
tains.  The  earth-  is  incrusted  with  crystal 
of  sulphur,  alum,  and  soda.  It  is  so  hot  tha 
a  cane  thrust  into  it  is  scorched  ;  and  on 
must  needs  walk  briskly  over  it.  Suffocating 
clouds  of  steam,  laden  with  sulphuretted  hy 
drogen,  drift  from  every  direction  into  ou 
face. 

All  the  ground  is  permeated  with  mineral 
springs  of  every  kind  and  temperature.  Nea 
one,  that  looked  like  a  burnt-out,  half-demol 
ished  chimney,  with  a  boiling  pot  at  the  bot 
torn,  a  woman  stood  watching  three  ears  o 
corn,  which  she  had  thrown  in  to  cook  fo 
her  breakfast.  Iler  husband  had  coiled  th. 
willow  twigs  for  his  baskets  in  another  cal 
dron,  and  was  busy  stripping  off  the  bark 
The  overflow  of  the  dinner-pot  ran  along  th' 
roadside,  till  it  fell  tumbling  into  a  yam-field 
where  we  traced  it  bjr  its  steam  for  rods. 

Close  by  is  a  clear,  cold,  effervescent  sprinj 
of  soda-water,  so  charged  with  carbonic  aci< 

s,  that  a  little  of  it  shaken  up  in  a  bottl 

rows  out  the  cork  with  a  loud  report. 

For  "The  Friend. " 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

In  this  day  of  human  activity  and  boastei 
enlightenment,  we  rind  great  encouragemen 
ven  to-  words,  or  vocal  expressions  on  re 
nous  subjects;  both  in  our  devotional  meet 
gs  and  in'  more  social  intercourse.    All  right 
hen    the    promptings    are    from    the    Horj 
Spirit,  and  accompanied  with  the  Divine  life 
1   the   true   light.     But  the   bus}-,  restlesi 
id  of  man   is  so  prone  to  activity,  that  i 
in i t s  to  evaporate  in  words  those  deep  anil 
ter  feelings  which   were  designed  for  tlii,| 
•ancement  of  the  cause  of  pure  and  unde 
own    hearts.      We  mai  ' 
4~    «+i *u«*    ,..i.:~iMln 


iway  to   others, 
elongs  to   oursclvi 


that  whicl 
We  uaaj 


multiply  words  without  heavenly  wisdom,  o  W 
Divine  knowledge,  and  thus  fail  to  grow  wiS'U,'1 


THE    FRIEND. 


163 


unto  salvation  ourselves,  and  our  words  may 
only  tend  to  bewilder  those  who  hear  us. 

This  propensity  to  talk  on  heavenly  things 
by  the  aid  of  our  worldly  wisdom,  I  believe 
to  be  one  of  the  many  snares  of  the  enemy 
which  he  uses  to  turn  away  the  spiritual  ear 
and  prevent  it  from  hearing  the  still  small 
voice  in  the  secret  of  the  heart;  which  often 
whispers,  in  the  silence  of  all  flesh,  "this  is 
the  way,  walk  ye  in  it,  when  ye  turn  to  the 
right  or  when  ye  turn  to  the  left."  We  may 
feel  and  enjoy  religion  in  the  heart,  and  dwell 
under  its  enlightening  power,  without  often 
talking  of  it  to  our  friends.  And  it  is  very 
possible  to  talk  about  the  influence  of  religion 
without  feeling  much  of  its  power  on  our  own 
hearts.  We  may  draw  nigh  to  God  with  the 
tongue,  and  honor  Him  with  the  lips,  while 
the  heart  is  far  from  Him.  If  the  heart 
abounds  with  vain  speculations  the  mouth 
will  speak  of  the  same — though  the  result  be 
nothing  better  than  vanity  and  vexation  of 
spirit.  But  it  is  with  the  heart  that  man  be- 
lieveth  unto  righteousness;  and  then  the  lips 
are,  at  times,  rightly  constrained  to  make  con- 
fession unto  the  salvation  thus  received  in  the 
heart. 

The  conversation  in  which  wo  sound  forth 
our  own  praise,  and  speak  of  our  own  religious 
experience,  is  perhaps  the  most  exceptionable 
of  all.  "He  that  speakcth  of  himself,  seeketb 
his  own  glory  ;  but  he  that  seeketh  His  glory 
that  sent  him,  the  same  is  true  and  no  un- 
righteousness is  in  him.''  "  If  self  employ  us, 
whatsoe'er  is  wrought,  we  glorify  self,  not 
Him  we  ought."  So  we  may  easily  intrude 
upon  the  religious  quietude  of  our  friends,  or 
of  an  assembly,  by  seeking  to  exalt  that  self 
within  us,  which  our  better  judgment  wouf 
teach  us  should  be  abased.  We  may,  by  an 
unjustifiable  fondness  to  speak  of  our  own 
"experiences,"  dissipate  religious  impression 
and  only  diminish  that  spirit  of  holiness  which 
is  the  crown  and  diadem  of  all  rightly  gath 
ered  assemblies. 

Now  from  what  I  have  been  able  to  observe 
during  my  long  life,  (being  now  in  my  83rd 
year,)  I  have  been  led  to  conclude  that,  whe 
there  is  the  most  superficial  religion,  there 
the  most  religious  talk.  But  where  the  stream 
of  religious  life  is  deeper,  it  is  more  smooth 
and  silent.  The  plant  of  true  piety  may  have 
fewer  branches,  but  a  deeper  root.  The  more 
we  are  impressed  with  a  sensible  influence  of 
the  Divine  presence,  the  more  we  shall  feel 
like,  at  times,  letting  all  that  is  earthly  with- 
in us  be  brought  into  an  holy  reverential 
silence  before  Him,  that  the  Word  of  the  Lord 
(but  not  the  word  of  man)  might  have  free 
course  and  be  glorified. 

:      The  prophet  speaks  of  all  the  Lord's  chil- 
dren being  taught  of  the  Lord,  and  that  great 
shall  be  their  peace.     And  that  such  as  are 
thus  taught,  shall  have  no  longer  need  that 
every   man  should  teach   his   neighbor,  and 
;  every   man   his  brother,  for  the  law  of  the 
Lord  is  put  in  the  mind,  and  written  in  the 
{[heart.     And  as  we  come  under  this  new  cov- 
;  enant  dispensation,  and  obey  the  inward  law, 
He  will  be  merciful  to  our  unrighteousness, 
and  our  sins  and  our  iuiquities  will  He  re- 
member no  more,  because  we  are  washed,  and 
are  sanctified,  and  "justified  in  the  name  of 
the  Lord  Jesus,  and  by  the  Spirit  of  our  God." 
But  we  see  that  all  are  not  the  Lord's  chil- 
dren, so  we  need  the  help   of  iustrumental 
teaching  to  turn  them  to  Him,  that  they  may 
be  taught  of  Him,  and  learn  of  Him,  "  For 


as  many  as  are  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  they 
are  the  sons  of  God,  and  learn  of  Him."    Peter 

utimates  that  even  the  pure  mind  needs  to 
be  stirred  up  by  way  of  remembrance.  And 
we  need  words  to  "  warn  the  unruly,  to  com- 
fort the  feeble-minded,  and  to  support  the 
weak."    But  we  need  to  be  "  patient  towards 

11  men;"  for  he  says,  " If  any  man  speak, 
let  him  speak  as  the  oracles  of  God  ;  if  any 
man  minister,  let  him  do  it  as  of  the  ability 
hich  God  giveth  :  that  God  in  all  things  may 
be  glorified,"  and  not  man.     We  have  need  in 

11  our  religious  conversations  or  devotional 
Leatherings,  to  have  a  care  that  the  human 

fe  does  not  rise  above  the  Divine. 
There  is  a  strong  propensity  in  human  na- 
ture, to  run  the  machinery  of  God  by  the 
strength  of  man.  But  the  things  of  God  are 
only  spiritually  discerned.  They  are  hid  from 
the  wise  and  prudent  of  this  world,  and  re- 
vealed to  the  little  dependent  ones  in  Christ. 
And  as  Christ  himself,  while  personally  on 
earth,  was  despised  and  rejected  of  men,  so  in 
his  spiritual  appearance  in  the  worldly  heart 
He  is  still  rejected  and  denied.  He  comes  to 
his  own  and  his  own  receive  Him  not.  The 
lofty  spirit,  of  unregencrate  man,  is  prone  to 
soar  in  the  airy  regions  of  speculation,  far 
above  the  babe  immortal.  And  far  above  the 
lowly  path  of  self-denial. 

Our  crucified  but  risen  Lord,  was  said  to  h 
a  man  of  sorrow  and  acquainted  with  grief. 
And  though  the  path  that  He  leads  his  fol- 
lowers in  has  many  pleasant  places,  yet  th 
joys  are  largely  mingled  with  sorrow.  It 
leads  through  much  tribulation.  He  wept 
over  the  grave  of  Lazarus.  And  the  Chris 
tian  may  well  weep  over  the  spiritual  death 
that  abounds  in  the  world.     It  is  godly  sor- 


the  weary  soul  will   be  forever  at  rest  with 
the  God  that  gave  it. 

But  let  us  remember,  that  those  who  have 
obtained  this  happy  state  of  "joy  and  glad- 
ness," "are  they  which  came  out  of  great 
tribulation,  and  have  washed  their  robes  and 
made  them  white  in  the  blood"  or  life  giving 
virtue  of  the  Lamb.  "  Therefore  are  they  be- 
fore the  throne  of  God,  and  serve  Him  day 
ami  night  in  his  temple."  And  "the  Lamb, 
which  is  in  the  midst  of  the  throne,  shall  feed 
them,  and  shall  lead  them  unto  living  foun- 
tains of  waters,  and  God  shall  wipe  away  all 
tears  from  their  eyes."  D.  H. 

Darlington,  Montgomery  Co.,  Ind., 
12th  .no.  8th,  1883. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

REWARDS    OF    OBEDIENCE. 

There  is  a  satisfaction  in  being  brought 
under  religious  exercise,  and  in  the  perform- 
ance of  the  Lord's  will,  which  is  truly  com- 
forting to  the  sincere  Christian,  being  an 
evidence  to  him  of  a  degree  of  unity  with  his 
Divine  Master.  Yet  in  addition  to  this,  our 
Heavenly  Father  is  sometimes  pleased  to  fill 
the  souls  of  his  faithful  servants  with  a  ful- 
ness of  rejoicing,  that  there  is  scarce  room  to 
receive. 

In  a  letter  of  Job  Scott,  he  thus  refers  to  a 
religious  visit  he  had  paid:  "After  all  m}' 
painful  conflicts  in  your  land,  the  satisfaction 
I  felt,  the  day  I  bent  my  course  for  home,  on 
looking  back  and  over  the  visit  made,  was 
truly  beyond  my  present  ability  to  describe, 
and,  I  trust,  will  leave  a  lasting  seal  on  my 
mind.  It  seemed  as  if  the  heavenly  hosts 
hovered  over  me,  for  many  miles  on  the  way, 
so  that  tears  of  joy  flowed  irresistibly,  like  a 
river.     I  was  not  fit  for  any  conversation  for 


row  that  worketh  repentance  unto  salvation  : 

while  the  sorrow  of  the  world  worketh  death. 

There  is  an  earthly  sorrow  that  grieves  over! a  dozen  miles,  but  rode  alone,  mostly  behind. 

the  loss  of  worldly  things.     And  there  is  a|And  oh!  the  heart-heaving  emotions  which 

godly  sorrow   that   grieves  over  the  loss  ofjl  felt  towards  man}' whom  I  had  seen  in  your 


that  pure  and  uudefiled  religion  which  our 
forefathers  so  dearly  bought,  and  endeavored 
to  hold  up  before  a  frowning  world.  And 
this  loss  will  never  be  regained,  only  as  we 
follow  the  leadings  of  our  meek  and  lowly 
Kedeemer.  He  will  lead  us  in  a  path  which 
no  fowl  knoweth.  Those  who  soar  above  the 
true  witness  of  truth  in  their  own  breasts, 
and  take  their  flight  in  the  airy  regions  of  an 
pty  profession,  can  never  know  it.  And 
such  as  might  be  compared  to  the  keen-eyed 
vulture,  can  never  see  it.  Neither  can  those 
who  have  the  beastly,  or  wild,  ravenous,  lion- 
like nature,  go  up  to  heaven  on  it ;  for  it  shall 
not  be  found  there.  The  sinful  or  the  un- 
clean shall  not  pass  over  it.  But  the  way- 
faring men,  though  fools  as  to  the  wisdom  of 
this  world,  may  walk  therein  and  not  err. 
All  the  ransomed  of  the  Lord  who  have  come 
up  out  of  great  tribulations,  have  returned  to 
Zion  through  this  way  of  holiness.  And  as 
we  all,  like  sheep,  have  gone  astray,  we  all 
must  return  through  Him  who  is  the  way, 
the  truth  and  the  life;  though  it  will  lead 
us  through  the  strait  gate,  and  narrow  way 
— the  way  of  self-denial.  But  it  is  the  only 
way  that  leads  from  earth  to  heaven  ;  and 
as  we  are  thus  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  we 
become  his  children,  and  heirs  of  the  crown 
immortal  ;  and  finally  are  received  into  his 
everlasting  kingdom,  where  we  "shall  obtain 
joy  and  gladness,  and  where  sorrow  and 
sighing  shall  flee  away;"  and  also  where  the 
wicked  will  cease  from  troubling,  and  where 


western  world  !  Oh  !  the  cries  which  ascended 
for  your  preservation  !  How  often  did  this 
language  run  powerfully  through  my  mind: 
'  Ye  that  keep  watch  in  Heaven,  watch  over 
them.'  But  I  must  not  lavish  away  too  much 
of  that  ecstatic,  rapturous  enjoyment,  I  then 
felt." 

Many  are  the  records  preserved  which  show 
the  comfort  and  satisfaction  which  the  Lord 
pours  into  the  hearts  of  those  who  have 
been  faithfully  engaged  in  his  service.  When 
Thomas  Wilson,  "who  had  long  labored  for 
the  good  of  others,  was  enduring  the  last  con- 
flicts of  nature,  he  was  asked — "  If  he  would 
have  anything  to  wet  his  mouth;"  to  which 
he  replied,  "The  Lord  hath  taken  away  all 
my  pain,  and  given  me  the  bread  of  life,  and 
the  water  of  life,  and  quenched  my  thirst, 
which  hath  been  great;  the  will  of  the  Lord 
be  done."  And  again  said,  "  The  Lord's  good- 
ness fills  my  heart,  which  gives  me  the  evi- 
dence and  assurance  of  my  everlasting  peace 
in  his  kingdom,  with  my  ancient  fiicnds  that 
are  gone  before  me,  with  whom  I  had  sweet 
comfort  in  the  work  ot  tt.e  gospel."  "  The 
Lord  visited  me  in  my  young  years,  and  I 
felt  his  power,  which  hath  been  with  me  all 
along,  and  I  am  assured  He  will  never  leave 
me,  which  is  my  comfort." 

The  performance  of  an  unpleasant  duty  is 
often  followed  by  a  precious  feeling  of  com- 
fort. Samuel  Neale  relates  the  following  in- 
stance of  this  : 

"  When  I  was  with  my  old  master  T.  S.  as 


164 


THE    FRIEND. 


an  apprentice,  be  had  occasion  to  pay  rent  to 
the  Bishop  of  Clogher  for  one  of  his  corres- 
pondents. I  was  sent  with  the  monej',  and 
addressed  the  Bishop,  not  as  though  I  was 
one  called  a  Quaker.  He  took  but  little 
notice  of  me  ;  I  thought  he  treated  me  rather 
with  contempt.  It  stung  me  to  think  J  had 
played  the  coward,  and  was  ashamed  to  ad- 
dress him  as  a  Quaker;  I  therefore  entered 
into  an  engagement  that  if  ever  I  went  again, 
I  would  address  him  in  the  plain  language. 
The  season  came  that  I  was  to  go,  and  I  was 
warned  in  my  mind  to  remember  my  engage- 
ment. I  went  in  some  degree  of  fear;  he 
was  just  stepping  into  his  coach  to  go  into 
the  country:  when  I  addressed  him  as  a 
Quaker,  be  very  politely  received  me,  and 
treated  me  as  if  I  had  been  his  equal.  When 
I  had  done  my  business,  I  returned  with  a 
pleasure  far  transcending  anything  I  bad  felt 
before,  for  such  an  act  of  obedience.  I  thought 
I  could  leap  as  an  hart.  I  felt  such  inward 
joy,  satisfaction  and  comfort.  So  that  I  would 
have  the  beloved  youth  mind  their  Guide, 
and  not  dishonor  that  of  God  in  them  ;  for  as 
we  are  faithful  in  a  little,  we  shall  be  made 
rulers  over  more  ;  and  we  shall  have  more  of 
the  praise  even  of  men,  by  keeping  to  our  re- 
ligious principles,  and  be  in  higher  esteem  by 
those  in  authority,  as  our  forefathers  were." 

David  Ferris  was  brought  up  among  the 
Presbyterians  in  Connecticut,  and  in  early 
manhood  was  led  by  the  Spirit  of  Christ  into 
a  self-denying  course  of  life,  and  ultimately 
joined  in  membership  with  the  Society  of 
Friends.  At  the  time  to  which  the  following- 
extract  from  bis  memoranda  refers,  he  had  had 
but  little  intercourse  with  that  people.  He 
says  :  "After  I  had  been  some  time  at  home, 
new  objections  arose  in  my  mind  against  a 
compliance  with  the  customs  of  those  among 
whom  I  resided;  such  as  bowing  and  scraping; 
putting  off  the  hat;  saying,  'your  servant, 
sir,  madam,'  &c,  and  against  using  the  un- 
grammatical,  corrupt  language  of  'you'  to  a 
single  person.  Although,  in  past  years,  I  bad 
known  various  exercises,  and  though  1  had 
learned  many  hard  lessons,  yet  I  found  much 
in  me  that  required  mortification,  and  that  I 
had  yet  many  things  to  learn.  To  refuse  the 
use  of  the  plural  language  to  a  single  person, 
although  it  seemed  a  small  matter,  yet  I 
found  it  hard  to  submit  to.  I  was  convinced 
that  the  common  mode  of  speaking  in  the 
plural  number  to  a  single  person,  was  a  viola- 
tion of  the  rules  of  grammar  and  unscriptural. 
I  also  believed  the  pride  of  man  bad  intro- 
duced the  custom  ;  yet  I  thought  it  was  not 
necessary  to  make  myself  ridiculous  to  all 
about  me  for  a  matter  of  so  small  importance. 
So  long,  therefore,  as  no  necessity  was  laid 
upon  me  to  take  up  the  cross  in  that  respect, 
I  continued  to  use  the  language  of  my  educa- 
tion. Yet  I  used  compliments  sparingly,  be- 
cause the  disuse  of  them  was  not  so  observa- 
ble. However,  it  was  not  long  before  1  found 
it  my  duty  to  say  '  thee'  and  '  thou'  to  every 
individual.  Nevertheless,  I  found  an  inclina- 
tion or  temptation  so  to  turn  the  conversation 
as  to  shun  this  mode  of  speech  ;  yet  this  did 
not  afford  peace.  Small  as  the  matter  ap- 
peared, 1  could  not  be  easy  without  being 
entirely  faithful  in  every  respect;  and  my 
duty  in  this  particular  being  clearly  mani- 
fested, I  reasoned  no  longer  with  flesh  and 
blood;  but  submitted  to  the  requiring.  And 
thus  I  obtained  peace. 

"About  this  time,  several  scholars  coming 


from  the  college,  invited  me  to  accompany 
them  on  a  visit  to  the  minister  in  our  settl 
ment;  and  accordingly  I  went  with  them.  We 
walked  with  our  hats  under  our  arms,  and  so 
entered  the  house.  Just  as  we  were  about  to 
depart,  I  was  required  to  bear  a  testimony 
against  the  hat-honor.  So  1  rose,  put  on  my 
hat,  went  to  the  priest,  and  bade  him  fare 
well,  without  putting  my  hand  to  it,  or  bow 
ing  my  body.  This  being  the  first  time  I  bad 
refused  these  compliments,  it  was  a  el 
trial;  and  it  appeared  remarkable  that  it 
should  be  required  of  me  at  such  a  time,  and 
in  such  company  ;  but  neither  the  priest  nor 
my  companions  took  notice  of  it,  so  as  to 
make  any  remark.  My  obedience  afforded 
me  great  peace  ;  and,  by  yielding  to  these 
inward  motions  of  the  Sure  Guide,  in  small 
things,  1  gained  strength  ;  and  was  more  an 
more  confirmed  that  I  was  right  in  makin 
such  a  change. 

"  I  now  began  to  lay  aside  some  of  the 
superfluities  of  my  dress,  and  to  appear  1 
a  Quaker  ;  believing  that  it  was  required  of 
me  not  to  hide  myself  in  any  respect,  but 
boldly  to  bear  a  testimony  to  the  truth,  so  far 
as  it  was  clearly  manifested  to  me.  I  did  not 
then  wonder  that  people  admired  at  our  folly 
(as  they  think  it  to  be)  in  making  ourselves  a 
laughing-stock  and  by-word  byoursingul 
ties;  because,  so  it  appeared  to  me,  but  a 
short  time  before  I  was  obliged  to  submit  to 
it.  I  loved  the  honor  and  esteem  of  men 
well  as  others,  and  would  have  enjoyed  it, 
I  could  have  had  it,  with  peace  of  mind  ;  but 
that  is  not  allowed  in  the  school  of  Christ, 
where  nothing  will  do  without  self-denial  and 
taking  up  the  daily  cross  ;  and  if,  on  our  part, 
there  be  a  full  submission  in  every  respect,  I 
can  say  from  experience  that  our  peace  will 
flow  as  a  river." 


For  "The  Friend." 

There  is  hardly  any  set  of  men  more  lost 
to  conscience,  to  humanity,  and  virtue,  than 
some  of  the  manufacturers  and  venders  of  in- 
toxicating drinks.  They  cannot  but  be  aware 
of  the  misery  and  crime  which  their  gains 
entail  upon  their  fellow  men.  Their  money 
is  ill-gotten,  and  therefore  yields  no  true 
peace  or  enriching  reward.  It  is  the  price  of 
blood — of  the  bodies  and  souls,  it  may  be,  of 
those  who  fall  into  their  proffered  temptations. 
Their  employment,  while  very  prejudicial  to 
their  families,  tends  greatly  to  harden  their 
own  hearts,  and  to  stupefy  their  consciences 
in  the  ways  of  sin.  Whoever  buys  or  sells  or 
in  an}'  way  lends  a  hand  of  encouragement 
in  their  illicit  trade,  is  so-far-forth  a  helper  of 
their  mischief,  and  must  be  responsible  for 
the  consequences  of  their  complicity  with 
the  evil. 

How  imminent  is  the  peril  of  those  who, 
without  seeking  in  humble  dependence  the 
approbation  of  Him  who  is  a  Cod  of  knowl- 
edge, and  who  can  reward  or  punish,  are  pur- 
suing a  business  which  will  not  bear  the 
scrutiny  of  a  dying  hour,  nor  the  heart-search- 
ing eyes  of  Him,  of  whom  it  is  declared,  "Jus- 
tice and  judgment  are  the  habitation  of  thy 
throne."  &c. ;  and  "  that  which  a  man  sowoth, 
that  shall  ho  also  reap." 

It  is  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  that  maketh 
truly  rich.  Hut  when  the  love  of  money  is 
Buffered  to  prevail  over  1 1  is  fear,  ami  any  seek 
to  enrich  themselves  by  means  which  dis- 
please 1 1  i  in ,  because  highly  injurious  to  their 
lellow-men,  how  can   they  hope  for  his  bless- 


ing, or  for   the   honor  which    cometh   fromj 
Him  ! 


THE  NEW  YEAR. 

The  new  year,  ah  !  what  tongue  can  tell 
What  changes  vast  in  thee  may  dwell! 
What  buried  hopes,  what  grounded  fears, 
What  joys  and  sorrows,  smiles  and  tears! 

As  dew  before  the  sunbeam  bright, 
Or  stars  at  dawn  of  morning  light, 
So  shall  thy  fondest  hopes, — ah  !  they 
As  fair  and  fleeting,— fade  away. 

The  dying  year!  what  memories  throng 
Back  through  its  crowded  aisles  along  ! 
To  wisdom,  scenes  of  pure  delight ; 
To  folly,  shades  of  deepest  night. 

O  happy  he  whose  grateful  breast 
Receives  true  wisdom  there  a  guest; 
So  shall  his  years  serenely  glide, 
With  sunbeams  on  life's  spaikling  tide. 

The  new-born  year?     O  may  it  be 

The  chosen  of  prosperity, 

Where  love  and  friendship  claim  their  birth, 

To  paradise  transforming  earth. 

May  peace  her  milder  skies  extend, 
Their  gentle  dews  on  earth  descend, 
Till  man  shall  feel  their  softening  power, 
And  seek  the  battle-plains  no  more : — 

Till  every  kindred,  tribe  and  tongue, 
Like  rainbow  hues  on  heaven's  arch  hung, 
In  sweetest  harmony  shall  blend, 
And  Heaven's  approving  smile  attend. 

O  may  the  nation's  prayer  arise 
Like  grateful  incense  to  the  skies, 
That  He,  whose  years  unnumbered  are, 
Shall  be  its  guide  and  guardian  star. 
So  shall  the  year,  supremely  blest, — 
Of  wisdom,  peace  and  love  possessed, — 
To  earth  that  purity  restore 
Which  sat  enthroned  in  Eden's  bower. 

When  time  his  weary  race  has  run, 
And  sinks  to  rest  life's  latest  sun, 
And  days  and  years  no  more  shall  be, 
Then  may  the  soul,  redeemed  and  free, 
Find  in  that  pure  celestial  clime, 
Unmeasured  by  the  flight  of  time, 
A  refuge  from  life's  changeful  sea, 
Crowned  with  its  own  eternity. 
Greene,  N.  Y.  O.  A.  Pratt. 

Selected. 

THE  SLEEPING  BABE. 

The  babe  wept ; 
The  mother  took  it  from  the  nurse's  arms, 
And  soothed  its  griefs,  and  stilled  its  vain  alarms; 

And  baby  slept. 

Again  it  weeps, 
And  God  doth  lake  it  from  its  mother's  arms, 
From  present  pain  and  future  unknown  harms; 

And  baby  sleeps. 

Samuel  Hinds. 
—Literary  Era,  18S3. 

For  "The   Friend." 

THE  BABE  IMMORTAL. 

God  the  baby  keeps  : 
It  here  lived  to  love  ;  it  can  never  die  ; 
An  angel  bright,  it  lives  on  high  ; 

Where  it  never  weeps. 

Yet  it  lives  to  love  ; 
Being  of  light,  she  better  loves  it  still ; 
Says,  "  Oh  God  !  I  bow  to  thy  holy  will  ; 

Keep  my  child  above. 

Thou  hast  but  thine  own  ; 
There  my  elder  born,  that  soul  bids  me  come  ; 
In  heaven's  love  and  lore  mature,  calls  me  home 

To  immortal  crown  !" 

Ell  K.  Price,  12th  mo.  6th,  1883. 

Sampson  got  his  honey  out  of  the  veiy  Horn 
that  roared  against  him.  The  Christian  often, 
gets  his  best  blessing  out  of  his  greatest  seem-1 
ng  calamities. — Good  Way. 


THE    FRIEND. 


165 


For  "  The  Friend." 
"Whoso   bath   the  world's  goods,   and   belioldeth   his 
brother  in  need,  and  shulteth  up  his  compassion 
from   him,  how  doth   the  love  of  God   abide  in 
him?"— 1  John  iii.  17,  K.  V. 
Let  not  the  cry  "improvidence,"  "laziness," 
&c,  shut  up  thy  compassions  for  the  poor  :  let 
not   "systematic  charity"  wither  thy  sensi- 
bilities as   to  their  claim  upon  thee  :  let  not 
thy  desire  for  increase  dry  up  thy  considera- 
tion for  them. 

Tby  storehouse  is  full  and  thou  art  building 
others — adding  to  thy  possessions  yearly — 
weigh  well  the  responsibilities  of  thy  steward- 
ship, and  pray  to  God  that  He  save  thee  from 
the  unhallowed  love  of  money.  Give,  give. 
give,  or  after  awhile  thou  canst  not  give  when 
thou  wouldst :  it  will  be  too  hard  for  thee, 
and  thou  wilt  die  excusing  thyself. 


Christian  Eddy. 

Fifty-seven  years  ago  there  was  joy  in  a 
humble  home  in  Cornwall  over  the  birth  of  a 
daughter.  The  mother,  who  loved  Christ. 
chose  for  her  little  one  the  name  of  Christian. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  the  girl  sustained 
the  heaviest  loss  that  could  befall  her,  the 
loss  of  a  good  mother,  who,  in  dying,  com- 
mitted her  children  to  the  care  and  love  of 
her  Saviour. 

Christian  Eddy  left  home  early,  but  was 
iriven  back  by  illness.  Her  stepmother 
watched  the  sick  bed  of  the  invalid,  and, 
better  still,  watched  for  her  soul  as  one  who 
must  give  account.  Another,  a  heavenly 
watcber,  was  also  keeping  guard  over  the 
sufferer;  and  she  rose  from  her  illness  a  new- 
being.  Henceforth  to  her  "to  live"  was 
'Christ." 

Consistency  is  the  rock  that  re-echoes  every 
prayer,  the  hammer  that  drives  home  every 
nail,  the  feather  that  wings  eveiy  arrow. 
3ne  felt  it  to  be  so  with  ber;  and  some  of j 
ber  converts  owe  their  spiritual  life,  under 
jod,  to  this  alone.  Years  before  she  left  ser- 
vice her  mistress  said,  "She  has  been  a  bright 
ampin  my  house  these  eleven  years;"  and 
I  fellow-servant  testifies  :  "  I  went  into  the 
family  saying  '  such  cheerful,  consistent  piety 
jannot  last.'  I  watched  her  closely  for  six 
months,  and  she  was  always  the  same.  So 
;hen  I  began  to  think  there  was  something 
n  religion.  I  sought  Jesus,  and  she  helped 
me  to  find  him.  nor  has  she  been  different  all 
;hese  fifteen  years." 

Blasphemy  lost  its  bravery  in  her  presence. 
Sometimes  a  rude  coarse  remark  would  come  ; 
jut  soon  you  would  see  the  speaker's  face 
irop,  and  hear  his  tone  alter  as  he  "  felt  how 
iwful  goodness  is." 

But  she  was  not  satisfied  with  the  silent 
?ebuke  her  life  gave  to  sin,  and  the  silent 
;estimony  her  character  bore  to  Christ.  No 
niser  ever  coveted  gold  as  she  coveted  souls. 
ro  seek  them  she  was  "instant  in  season 
uid  out  of  season."  When  sent  to  the  post, 
ihe  would  take  care  to  have  some  little  re- 
nembrancers  of  Jesus,  which  without  loss  of 
;ime  she  might  leave  by  the  way.  Tracts, 
ittle  books,  and  penny  Gospels  were  always 
it  hand.  One,  whom  we  knew,  dated  his 
irst  serious  conviction  to  the  day  she  met 
lim,  a  stranger,  and  gave  him  one  of  the 
iospels.  "  What  could  have  put  it  into  her 
nind  to  give  me  this  ?"  was  his  remark  to  his 
ihild,  with  which  began  a  train  of  thought 
vhich  ended  in  his  conversion. 

Her   winning   look    and    persuasive   tone 


pleaded  for  a  kind  reception  for  everything 
she  said  or  did  ;  so  that  when  an  old  lady 
whose  heart  was  in  the  world  stamped  at 
another  monitor  as  an  intruder,  she  sat  down 
to  listen  to  the  words  of  Christian  Eddy  ;  and 
at  the  close  of  the  interview  she  kissed  her. 
This  glowing  tenderness,  caught  from  a  con- 
stant looking  by  faith  at  the  sympathetic 
face  of  Him  who  would  never  break  the 
bruised  reed  nor  quench  the  smoking  flax, 
was  doubtless  the  reason  why  so  many  doors 
were  thrown  wide  open  before  her.  The 
kitchen,  the  nursery,  the  parlor,  the  shop, 
the  street,  the  cliff,  the  hospital,  the  work- 
house, the  public  house,  were  all  the  scenes 
of  ber  labor.  Assuredly  she  had  the  blessing 
promised  to  those  who  sow  beside  all  waters. 
A  kind  Providence  had  put  it  into  the  heart 
of  one  whose  purse  was  large  to  leave  her  a 
little  annuity.  This  set  her  free  from  any 
service  save  that  of  Christ;  and  nobly  did 
be  use  her  freedom.  The  moments  of  leisure, 
ike  the  drops  of  a  rich  elixir,  were  wrung 
out  into  the  cup  of  consecration.  Nor  time 
alone  was  given.  She  was  never  satisfied  to 
save  the  soul  and  see  the  body  starve.  No 
record  of  her  charities  ever  was  or  could  be 
made.  Her  "  record  is  on  high  ;"  her  tablets 
are  the  living  hearts  she  warmed  by  her  con- 
stant bounty.  She  counted  herself  now  "pass- 
ng  rich  on  forty  pounds  a  .year;"  and  it  is 
believed  that  she  gave  one  half  of  it  to  others. 
Man}- and  many  a  want  of  her  own  was  stinted, 
that  the  poor  might  be  clothed  and  fed. 


page  497, )  was  treating  with  the  Governor  of 
Virginia  for  a  large  body  of  land  in  the  Shen- 
andoah Valley,  then  mostly  a  wilderness.  In 
1732,  the  grant  being  secured,  Boss  made 
public  sale  of  his  property  on  the  7th  of  6th 
month  of  that  year.* 

John  Churchman,  now  in  his  27th  year,  who 
had  become  widely  known  as  a  correct,  prac- 
tical surveyor,  was  urged  to  accept  the  posi- 
tion of  general  superintendent  in  locating  and 
laying  out  the  various  divisions  of  the" new 
settlement.  This  he  declined,  but  finally  con- 
sented to  assist  in  establishing  some  of  the 
base  lines  bordering  on  the  previous  claim  of 
Thomas  (Lord)  Fairfax.  This  rather  delicate 
task  in  a  hitherto  unsurveyed  district,  requir- 
ing some  scientific,  as  well  as  artistic  qualifi- 
cations, appears  to  have  been  accurately  ac- 
complished ;  for  when,  in  1748,  Fairfax  em- 
ploj-ed  George  Washington,  at  16  years  of 
age,  to  survey  for  the  first  time  his  future 
manor  of  "Greenway  Court"  of  10,001)  acres 
west  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  there  is  no  evidence 
extant  that  he  did  not  respect  the  land  marks 
planted  by  John  Churchman  16  years  before. 

Among  the  first  objects  of  the  colonists 
was  the  appointment  of  meetings  for  wor- 
ship which  eventually  in  1736  became  Hope- 
well Monthly  Meeting.-f  as  in  that  year  a 
number  of  certificates  were  issued  by  Notting- 
ham Monthly  Meeting  for  Friends  removing 
thither.  From  this  time,  till  about  1765,  the 
progress  of  the  settlement  seems  to  have  been 
slow  ;   the  lon<;  apprehended  approach  of  the 


Her  gentleness  stood  her  in  good  stead  in  French  and  Indian  war  on  the  Ohio  retarded 
the  hospital  and  work-house.  Certain  rules,  its  advancement.  We  hear  no  more  of  Alex- 
are  rightly  laid  down  in  those  establishments, '  ander  Boss  or  his  family  till  in  the  latter  year 
and  they  for  a  time  prevented  extended  efforts;,  his  son  John,  as  executor  to  his  father's  estate, 
but  by  degrees  door  after  door  was  thrown  applied  to  George  Churchman  the  elder,  to 
open.  lay  out  farms   and    roads  for  new    settlers. 

■•Come  in  here,"  a  voice  would  say  from  Henceforward  the  vallej-  of  the  Shenandoah, 
one  ward.  ■•There  are  two  or  three  wanting!  the  richest  part  of  Virginia,  received  acces- 
you  to  speak  to  them  there,"  would  be  tbejsions  from  all  quarters.  Up  to  1700  there 
remark  from  another;  and  (for  here  was;  were  issued  by  Nottingham  Monthly  Meeting 
where  she  differed  from   most  of  us)   every,  eighty-nine  certificates  for  persons  removing 


door  opened  was  entered,  every  opportunity 
given  was  embraced.  Fancy  preaching  the 
gospel  in  public  houses!  But  she  did  it.  or 
if  she  did  not  preach  she  went  in  and  out 
with  a  word  here  and  a  look  there  which 
spoke  for  her  Saviour;  a  tract  for  this  fallen 
woman,  a  Gospel  for  that  degraded  man.  And 
so,  like  a  rainbow  round  a  ruin,  the  light  and 
hope  of  a  hoh'  life  were  flung.  It  was  a  won- 
derful work.  "  Give  me  five  hundred  pounds," 
said  a  strong  man,  a  strong  Christian  too, 
"and  I  could  not  do  it."  But,  unflinching, 
unflagging,  this  weak  woman  went  on.  "God 
hath  chosen  the  weak  things  of  the  world  to 
confound  the  mighty." 

(To  be  concluded.) 


Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
families,  by  James  Trimble. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  of  some  in- 
terest in  the  history  of  the  Churchman  family 
to  record  an  incident  that  introduced  them  as 
surveyors  into  Northern  Virginia, 

In  the  year  1720,  a  certain  Alexander  Boss, 
late  of  Ireland,  who  appears  to  have  been  a 
Friend  of  note  and  influence,  resided  in  that 
branch  of  New  Garden  Monthl}-  Meeting  that 
in  1730  was  erected  into  Nottingham  Monthly 
Meeting. 

At  the  time  of  the  latter  event  an  associa- 
tion of  Friends  under  the  leadership  of  Boss 
(see  Smith's  History  of  Delaware   Co.,   Pa., 


to  Hopewell  and  Opecan  Meetings.  During 
this  period  G.  Churchman  was  occasionally 
engaged  at  his  calling  in  the  vicinity  of  these 
places,  his  advice  and  judgment  being  much 
sought  after  in  regard  to  settling  in  that 
locality.  Among  the  papers  left  by  him  were 
several  interesting  drafts  showing  the  wind- 
ings of  the  Shenandoah  river,  and  plots  of  ad- 
joining farms  with  theownersnamesthereon.J 
Thus  the  Churchmans,  father  and  son,  appear 
to  have  been  partially  identified  with  the 
planting  of  civilization  and  early  prosperity 
in  the  now  teeming  valleys  of  the  Blue  Bidge. 
Their  interest  in  the  scenes  of  their  early 
labors,  and  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  those 
they  considered  in  some  degree  as  wards  of 
the  Monthly  Meeting,  continued  through  life; 
each  in  their  day  paying  special  religious 
visits  to  their  friends  and  others  in  that  see- 


*  This  date  is  obtained  from  an  acknowledgment  by 
a  member  to  the  Monthly  Meeting  that  at  the  residence 
of  Alexander  Eoss  "  be  had  taken  a  little  more  strong 
drink  than  was  best." 

fThnt  this  was  the  meeting  afterwards  altended  by 
John  Pemberton  and  other  Friends  exiled  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Virginia  in  1777,  would  appear  from  the 
following  taken  from  Thomas  Gilpin's  account  of 
"Friends  Exiled  to  Virginia,  27th  of  11th  month:" 
"Some  part  of  our  company  attended  the  Preparative 
Meeting  at  Hopewell." 

I  Quite  a  number  of  the  old  Churchman  surveys  in 
a  good  state  of  preservation  are  yet  in  existence  at 
West  Chester,  Pa.,  for  an  account  of  which  see  "  The 
Friend,"  vol.  55,  page  35. 


160 


THE    FRIEND. 


tion  of  country.  Edward  Churchman,  third 
son  of  George  (the  elder),  when  a  young  man 
practised  surveying  and  teaching  school  in 
those  parts  of  Virginia.  The  writer  has  often 
listened  with  interest  to  the  recital  of  his  ad- 
ventures in  that  mountainous  region. 

The  Websters,  father  and  son,  mentioned 
in  the  note  of  George  Churchman  on  the 
title  page  of  the  Concordance,  were  the  son 
and  grandson  of  John  Webster,  an  Elder  of 
Bush  River  Preparative  Meeting  ;  his  brother! 
Michael  was  appointed  overseer  of  that  meet- 1 
ing  by  Nottingham  Monthly  Meeting,  3rd1 
month  ISth,  1745.  The  members  of  these 
families  were  zealous  attenders  of  Nottingham  I 
Monthly  Meeting  30  miles  distant,  with  the' 
Susquehanna  intervening,  the  crossing  of 
which,  especially  in  winter,  in  that  day  was 
perilous.  John  Webster  married  Mary  Tal- 
bot, of  West  River,  in  Maryland,  in  1734 , ' 
died  1753  ;  his  son  Isaac,  probably  by  a  former 
marriage,  died  in  1759,  and  grandson  Isaac 
deceased  previous  to  1803. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Corundum  gems  in  the  Himalaya  Mountains. 
— Recently  a  deposit  of  these  gems  has  been 
found  in  a  slaty  rock  in  the  Himalayas.  At 
first  their  value  was  so  little  known  that  the 
villagers  bartered  them  for  a  trifle  to  traders  ; 
but  on  their  value  becoming  known  there  was 
a  rush  ofjewellers  from  Delhi  and  other  places, 
and  the  price  rose  to  about  £20  per  oz.  for 
good  specimens.  Many  of  these  are  beauti- 
fully crystallized,  and  are  of  various  colors — • 
black,  white,  sapphire-colored  and  deep  blue.' 
The  mine  is  now  strictly  guarded. 

Scottish  Weasels. — In  some  parts  of  Locha- 
ber,  Scotland,  weasels  abound.  A  few  years! 
ago,  an  old  man  was  employed  in  removing 
a  pile  of  stones  from  the  centre  of  a  grass  field.  | 
He  had  wheeled  away  several  barrowfuls  of 
stones,  when  several  weasels  suddenly  sprang 
out  of  the  boa])  and  attacked  him.  They 
flew  at  his  hands,  chin,  and  cheeks,  and  at  his; 
throat,  which  was  fortunately  protected  by  J 
several  folds  of  a  stout  homespun  cravat ;  and  ] 
before  he  could  defend  himself  he  was  severely 
bitten.  One  or  two  he  tore  off  with  his  hands, 
and  killed  by  trampling  them  under  his  feet; 
but  the  others  stuck  to  him  like  leeches,  and 
he  had  to  run  to  a  neighboring  house  and  get 
assistance  to  rid  himself  of  his  pertinacious 
little  foes. —  Chambers'  Journal. 

Tame  Otter. — The  otter  is  easily  tamed. 
An  innkeeper  at  the  Bridge  of  Tilt,  in  Scot- 
land, had  one  which  was  usually  kept  chained 
in  an  empty  stall  in  the  stable.  It  was  very- 
fond  of  the  horses,  and  always  went  the  full 
length  of  the  chain  to  meet  thorn  when  they 
returned  from  their  day's  work,  uttering  its 
cry  of  welcome,  which  was  a  curious  half- 
whining  bark.  It  was  very  docile  and  good- 
tempered,  and  liked  to  be  stroked  and  petted 
by  the  men,  uttering,  when  being  fondled,  a 
loud  purring  sound  like  a  cat.  It  was  a  very 
adroit  fisher;  and  when  taken  out,  with  a  long 
cord  attached  to  a  collar  round  its  neck,  to 
the  river,  or  to  a  moorland  loch,  it  never 
failed  to  catch  a  number  of  fish.  It  drove  the 
fish  before'  it  into  a  corner  of  tin!  pool,  much 
as  a  collie  would  drive  a  Mock  of  sheep,  and 
then  making  a  series  of  rapid  dives,  brought 
up  in  succession  t-wo  or  three;  of  the  best  and 
biggest  fish.  It,  was  very  dainty  and  fastidi- 
ous  in    its   eating,   and    never   devoured   any 


part  of  the  fish  it  captured,  except  a  little  bit 
at  the  back  of  the  head  and  around  the  pec- 
toral fins.  It  was  fond  of  milk,  but  would 
taste  nothing  else  except  fish.  —  Chambers' 
Journal. 

Malaga  Raisins. — -These  are  made  in  An- 
dalusia, Spain,  from  a  white  grape,  carefully 
cultivated  and  picked  so  as  to  have  no  spoiled 
or  imperfect  fruit.  The}'  are  dried  by  sun- 
heat,  being  placed  on  inclined  divisions  of 
brick  or  stone-work,  which  are  thickly  cover- 
ed with  fine  gravel  to  absorb  the  heat.  Ex- 
posed to  the  intense  heat  of  the  Andalusian 
sun,  the  temperature  reaches  145°  Fahren- 
heit. At  night  a  stout  canvas  is  spread  over 
to  protect  them  from  dew  or  rain.  As  they 
dry  the  grapes,  are  turned  so  that  all  parts 
may  become  properly  colored.  The  process 
requires  about  ten  days.  This  is  the  usual 
method,  though  artificial  heat  is  sometimes 
used. 

Invalids  in  Foreign  Climes. — A  writer  in 
Chambers'  Journal  endeavors  to  enforce  the 
need  of  caution,  as  to  certain  kinds  of  expo- 
sure, on  those  of  his  countrymen  who  go 
abroad  in  search  of  health  to  milder  climates, 
and  especially  to  the  shores  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean. What,  he  says,  can  be  more  delight- 
ful than  to  sit  out  of  doors  in  the  soft,  sweet 
air  of  Southern  Italy,  and  watch  the  setting 
sun  with  its  train  of  golden  splendor?  The 
air  is  soft  and  balmy.  And  yet  it  would  be 
far  less- perilous,  well  wrapped  up,  to  strugglo 
against  the  fierce  north  wind,  than  to  linger 
exposed  to  the  insidious  sweetness  of  the 
desert-born  southerly  airs,  or  to  inhale  the 
moisture-laden  vapors  which  attend  the  Medi- 
terranean sunsets.  In  Italy  or  Greece,  the 
inhabitants  know  well  that  the  period  of  sun- 
set is  about  the  most  dangerous  part  of  the 
whole  twenty-four  hours,  especially  for  those 
who  are  at  all  susceptible  to  damp  and  cold. 
By  those  who  have  not  had  experience  of  it, 
the  suddenness  of  the  change  from  a  clear, 
dry  atmosphere  to  one  heavily  charged  with 
moisture,  can  hardly  be  realized.  In  five 
minutes  the  decks  of  a  Mediterranean  steamer 
will  become  so  saturated  with  wet,  that  there 
will  not  bo  a  place  where  it  is  possible  to  sit 
down. 

Feigned  Insanity. — Persons  have  frequently 
feigned  insanity;  sometimes,  to  screen  them- 
selves from  punishment;  at  others,  to  excite 
sympathy  from  the  charitable.  A  long  con- 
tinuance of  this  effort  to  deceive  others  in- 
volves considerable  strain  upon  the  mind,  and 
has  several  times  resulted  in  the  pretenders 
becoming  really  insane.  Dr.  Laurent,  in  the 
Annates  d'Hygiene,  quotes  the  case  of  two 
sailors  who  successfully  simulated  mental 
alienation,  to  escape  imprisonment;  but  ulti- 
mately they  became  deranged.  Some  eminent 
writers  on  the  subject  say,  that  the  expression 
of  the  eye  and  countenance  of  a  madman  is 
one  that  cannot  be  counterfeited.  There  is  a 
lack  of  that  calm,  unobstructed  gaze  peculiar 
to  a  sane  person,  untouched  by  passion  or  ex- 
citement. 

Adulteration  of  Mill;. — A  French  chemist 
has  ascertained  by  a  delicate  analysis,  that  a 
great  deal  of  the  milk  sold  to  the  public  in 
that  country-,  in  addition  to  being  adulterated 
with  water,  has  sirup  of  glucose  mixed  with 
it.  The  glucose  has  the  effect  of  bringing  the 
milk  up  to  its  natural  density,  and  therefore 
defies    detection    by  the    use   of   an    ordinary 

lactometer. 

Medicine   from    Gas-tar. —  Prof.    Fisher,   of 


Munich,  has  obtained  a  white  powder  frorri 
the  residuum  of  gas-tar,  which  is  said  to  pos' 
sess  similar  medical  properties  to  quininei 
and  to  be  very  efficacious  in  subduing  fever.  |, 

Effect  of  a  Tornado. — In  the  tornado  tha  I 
destroyed  the  town  of  Rochester,  Minnesota 
on  the  24th  of  8th  month,  a  pine  board,  abou  (I 
6  feet  long  and  4  inches  wide,  was  driven  end  jl 
ways  through  the  trunk  of  a  maple  tree  sijl 
inches  thick,  and  remains  embedded  in  it.      j 

The  wife  of  a  farmer  who  was  in  the  field ij 
started  for  the  house  but  failed  to  reach  itll 
she  ran  for  a  stake  in  the  field,  but  was  blown] 
almost  to  pieces.  The  stake  was  driver! 
through  her  body,  and  her  limbs  torn  oft',  scl 
that  they  were  not  found. 

John  McCall,  of  Winona,  was  killed  neail 
his  elevator.  He  had  started  for  the  house! 
across  the  way,  but  had  evidently  been  caugh  ij 
in  the  air  and  whipped  on  to  the  earth,  fo  I 
the  grass  was  swept  clean  where  ho  wail 
found,  and  bis  bones  were  broken. — Scientific 
American. 


— Day  of  Rett. — In  the  City  of  Jerusalem  thre' 
days  are  observed  by  diifereut  parts  of  the  popula 
tion  respectively  as  days  of  rest  or  religious  observ 
ance.  The  Mohammedans  observe  the  Sixth-day  o 
the  week,  not  by  closing  their  shops,  but  by  go'inj: 
to  the  mosque  at  certain  hours  and  reciting  prayers 
The  Jews  observe  the  Seventh-day.  They  close 
their  shops  and  are  not  often  seen  in  the  street 
until  after  noon.  The  First-day  is  observed  by  th 
Christians  of  various  denominations. 

— First-day  among  the  Hebrews. — Some  excitemen 
has  been  caused  among  the  Hebrews  of  Philadelphia 
by  the  delivering  lectures  in  one  of  their  congregai 
tions  on  the  First-day  of  the  week.  The  Kabbi  iij 
charge  says  there  is  no  intention  to  make  any  conf 
cession  to  Christianity  in  this  act ;  but  he  takes  th 
ground  that  there  is  no  valid  reason  to  prevent  th 
Jews  from  selecting  any  other  day  in  the  week  thaif 
the  Seventh  as  that  in  which  to  observe  the  com 
mand  given  to  their  people  in  ancient  days — to  re 
train  from  work  one  day  in  seven. 

— Salvation  Army  in  New  Haven. — The  Mayor  o 
New  Haven  issued  an  order  to  the  Chief  of  Police) 
to  prevent  the  members  of  the  Salvation  Army  from 
occupying  the  streets  and  public  squares  as  hereto 
fore,  and  directing  them  "  to  refrain  from  singing 
blowing  horns,  and  tambourines,  in  accordance  wit! 
the  city  ordinance  prohibiting  disturbances  of  sucl 
character."  He  concludes  his  order  by  assuring  the! 
Salvationists  of  full  protection  if  they  conduct  thef 
meetings  in  a  place  of  worship  "according  to  ou; 

g 1  old  Xcw  Knglanil  fashion."     When  the  notic'l 

was  served  a  member  of  the  "army"  said  that  "the.'jl 
would  heat  drums  and  keep  on  parading  as  hereto 
fore;   that  they  knew  the  State  law,  constitution 
&c;  they  would  obey  God  before  they  would  th 
Chief  of  Police." 

—Birth-right  membership  In  the  Society  of  Friends 
—The  British  Friend  for  the  12th  month  says,  tha 


fell 


—  Tin 


a  committee. 

a  Soudan. — The  destruction  of  thi 
Egyptian  army  in  Soudan  by  the  forces  of  Mahdi 
"the  fals,'  prophet,"  bas  led  to  the  publication  ii 
the  London  Times  of  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  o 
the  British  and  Foreign  A.ntwslavery  Society, statdnj 

the  slave  trade  by  armed  forces,  and  that  the  trm 
method  is  the  abolition  of  slavery  itself.  He  sug 
gests  that  a  ureal  market  for  slaves  would  he  close( 
by   abolishing  the  system   in    Upper  and   Lowe 


THE    FRIEND. 


1G7 


Egypt,  which  are  now  practically  under  the  control 
of  the  British  Government. 

— Semi- Centennial  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery 
Society. — This  Society  was  formed  in  Philadelphia 
fifty  years  ago,  and  '  its  declaration  of  principles 
signed  by  59  persons.  At  the  meeting  held  in  com- 
memoration of  the  event,  a  letter  was  read  from  John 
G.  Whittier,  one  of  the  four  still  living  of  the  ori- 
ginal signers.     In  this  he  says  : 

"  Our  convention,  with  few  exceptions,  was  com- 
posed of  men  without  influence  or  position,  poor 
and  little  known,  strong  only  in  their  convictions 
and  faith  in  the  justice  of  their  cause.  To  onlookers, 
our  endeavors  to  undo  the  evil  work  of  two  centuries 
and  convert  a  nation  to  the  "great  renunciation" 
involved  in  emancipation  must  have  seemed  absurd 
in  the  last  degree.  Our  voices  in  such  an  atmos- 
phere found  no  echo.  We  could  look  for  no  re- 
sponse but  laughs  of  derision  or  the  missiles  of  the 
mob. 

"  But  we  felt  that  we  had  strength  of  truth  on  our 
side;  we  were  right  and  all  the  world  about  us  was 
wrong.  We  had  faith,  hope  and  enthusiasm,  and 
lid  our  work,  nothing  doubting,  amidst  a  genera- 
tion who  first  despised,  and  then  feared  and  hated 
as.     For  myself  I  have  never  ceased  to  be  grateful 


part 


Divine  Providence  for  the  privilege  in  taki 
i  the  work. 


And  now  for  more  than  twenty  years  we  have 
bad  a  free  country.  No  slave  treads  its  soil.  The 
Eticipated  dangerous  consequences  of  complete 
smancipation  have  not  been  felt.  The  emancipated 
jlass  as  a  whole  have  done  wisely  and  well  under 
iircumstances  of  peculiar  difficulty.  The  masters 
have  learned  that  cotton  can  be  raised  better  by  free 
:han  slave  labor,  and  nobody  now  wishes  a  return  to 
slave-holding.  Sectional  prejudices  are  sub>idin>i, 
the  bitterness  of  the  civil  war  is  slowly  passing  away. 
We  are  beginning  to  feel  that  we  are  one  people, 
with  uo  really  clashing  interests,  and  none  more 
;ruly  rejoice  in  the  growing  prosperity  of  the  South 
than  the  old  abolitionists,  who  hated  slavery  as  a 
;urse  to  the  master,  as  well  as  the  slave. 
■  "'In  view  of  this  commemorative  semi-centennial 
iccasion,  many  thoughts  crowd  upon  me;  memory 
recalls  vanished  faces  and  voices  long  hushed :  of 
;hose  who  acted  with  me  in  the  convention  fifty 
pears  ago  nearly  all  have  passed  into  another  state 
)f  being.  We  who  remain  must  soon  follow ;  we 
have  seen  the  fulfilment  of  our  desire ;  we  have 
outlived  scorn  and  persecution  ;  the  strengthening 
shadows  invite  us  to  rest.  If,  in  looking  back,  we 
feel  that  we  sometimes  erred  through  impatient  zeal, 
in  our  contest  with  a  great  wrong,  we  have  the 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  we  were  influenced  by 
no  merely  selfish  considerations.  The  low  light  of 
nur  setting  sun  shines  over  a  free,  united  people, 
md  our  last  prayer  shall  be  for  their  peace,  prosperity 
md  happiness." 


to  the  founding  of  public  libraries,  the  sup- 
port of  charitable  institutions,  orotber  worthy 
objeets.  The  writer  can  well  remember  when 
many  of  the  offices  on  Third  street,  between 
.Market  and  Chestnut  streets  in  Philadelphia, 
were  devoted  to  the  sale  of  lottery  tickets,  anil 
exhibited  in  glaring  colors  and  attractive  fig- 
ures the  great  prizes  that  might  be  won  by  a 
small  investment.  As  public  attention  be- 
came more  awakened  to  the  great  evils  which 
Mowed  from  the  gambling  spirit  thus  fostered, 
earnest  efforts  were  made  by  enlightened  phil- 
anthropists to  check  these  evils,  and  pamph- 
lets were  published  showing  how  families 
were  ruined  by  such  speculations  ;  and,  gradu- 
ally, State  after  State  refused  an}'  longer  to 
countenance  lottery  schemes,  which  were  un- 
doubtedly doing  the  work  of  the  enemy  of  all 
good. 

It  is  difficult  fully  to  eradicate  practices 
which  have  once  attained  a  wide-spread  foot- 
hold in  a  community;  especially  where  these 
appeal  lo  the  natural  selfishness  of  man. 
Therefore  it  is  not  very  strange,  yet  not  the 
less  to  be  lamented,  that  the  gaming  principle 
is  often  introduced  into  whatare called  church- 
fairs,  and  similar  entertainments,  where  per- 
sons are  induced  to  pay  for  an  unknown 
chance.  The  tendency  of  such  things,  and 
their  possible  effects,  are  illustrated  in  an  in- 
cident related  of  a  young  man  imprisoned  for 
forgery,  who  committed  the  offence  to  obtain'ject  is  als 
money  for  lotteries.  lie  said  the  commence- 
ment of  his  downward  career  was  at  a  First- 
day  school  fair,  where  a  gold  ring  was  hid  in 
a  cake  and  rattled  for. 

.Many  of  the  speculations  in  stocks,  grain 
and  other  articles,  which  some  people,  other- 
wise respectable,  have  indulged  in  of  latter! 


It  enters  the  channels  of  finance,  and  vast 
fortunes  turn  to  dust  and  ashes.  Upon  the 
full  tide  of  public  and  private  prosperity,  it 
brings  panic  and  ruin.  It  destroys  the  con- 
fidence which  men  should  have  in  each  other, 
and  fills  their  hearts  with  distrust  and  dread. 
It  wins  our  confidence  but  to  plunder,  and 
there  is  no  protection  against  it.  It  should 
not  and  will  not  receive  the  judicial  sanction." 


We  have  received  the  printed  minutes  of 
Iowa  Yearly  Meeting  (Smaller  Body)  held  at 
North  Branch,  .Madison  Co.,  Iowa,  9th  mo. 
27th. 

Epistles  were  received  from  the  correspond- 
ing bodies  of  Western,  Kansas,  Canada  and 
New  England  Yearly  Meetings;  and  replies 
sent  thereto. 

The  answers  to  the  Queries  state  that 
Friends  endeavor  by  example  and  precept  to 
educate  their  children,  and  those  under  their 
care,  in  plainness  of  speech,  deportment  and 
apparel;  to  encourage  them  in  reading  the 
Scriptures  and  other  religious  books;  and  to 
guard  them  from  evil  ;  yet  some  deficiency  is 
acknowledged  in  these  respects,  as  also  that 
schools  under  the  care  of  Friends  arc  not  suffi- 
ciently encouraged.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  labors  of  the  Committee  on  Education, 
appointed'  by  the  Yearly  Meeting,  may  be 
helpful  in  remedying  this  defect.  This  sub- 
lluiled  to  in  the  minute  embody- 
ing the  exercises  of  the  meeting.  This  minute 
mentions  the  necessity  that  had  been  felt  "  to 
have  our  aspirations  raised  to  our  once  cruci- 
fied, but  now  risen  and  glorified  Lord,  to  so 
inspire  and  lead  us  by  bis  Holy  Spirit"  that 
the  meeting  might  be  held  to  his  honor  and 
their  own    peace;    and  it  enunciates  an  im- 


THE    FRIEND. 


TWELFTH  MONTH  2'J, 


times,  have  been  prompted  by  the  same  un-!  portant  truth,  needful  ever  to  be  kept  in  mind, 
holy  desire  of  obtaining  that  for  which  no  when  it  states,  "that  it  is  only  as  we  keep 
adequate  return  has  been  given — of  enriching' upon  the  watch  and  mind  the  gentle  intima- 
oneselfat  the  expense  of  another;  and  they!  tions  of  the  Spirit  of  Truth  in  our  own  hearts, 
belong  morally  to  the  same  class  of  practices  to  the  end  of  the  race,  that  we  have  the  pro- 
as dealing  in  lottery  schemes.  There  is  need  mise  of  the  crown  immortal."  It  then  goes 
that  the  moral  sense  of  the  community  should  on  to  say:  "  The  proper  home-training  of  our 
be  more  decidedly  brought  to  bear  against  children  while  young,  and  also  the  necessity 
such  speculations,  which  spring  from  an  evil  of  a  guarded  religious  school  education,  has 
root,  and  the  fruits  of  which  are  unmistakably  been  pertinently  and  feelingly  brought  to  our 
evil.  The  magnitude  of  the  operations  can-  notice,  and  the  great  responsibility  that  rests 
not  make  that  right  which  is  wrong  in  itself;1  upon  parents  in  these  respects." 
nor  do  we  see  any  just  ground  of  distinction,  A  minute  was  adopted  in  reference  to  the 
by  which  such  speculators  can  claim  a  higher!  Address  issued  by  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meet- 
standing  in  the  respect  of  the  community, ling,  which  says:  "In  view  of  the  soundness 
than  the  professional  gambler  with  cards  or  of  the  doctrines  therein  advocated,  and  the 
dice.  I  testimony  against  those  doctrines   that   we 

It  is  with  much  satisfaction  that  we  notice,  consider  unsound,  it  would  be  right  for  this 
as  bearing  on  this  subject,  the  remarks  ofi  meeting  to  endorse  and  fully  approve  of  the 
Judge    Finletter,    before   whom    proceedings  same." 


In  the  article  on  Charity  Balls,  given  i 
a  late  number,  there  was  a  reference  to  the  '  were  brought  in  one  of  our  city  courts  against 
costliness  of  that  manner  of  raising  money!  a  stock-broking  firm  who.  without  capital  of 
for  benevolent  purposes.  A  similar  criticism! their  own,  had  speculated  to  the  amount  of 
is  applicable  to  the  fairs  and  various  other  de-  86,000,000  in  less  than  a  year,  and  in  doing  so 
cices  frequently  adopted,  even  by  congrega-j  had  made  use  of  funds  belonging  to  their 
tions  of  professing  Christians,  to  collect  funds. 'customers.     After  stating  that  all  gambling 

There  is  no  more  direct,  or  cheaper  way,  to'  transactions  are  illegal,  the  judge  said  :  "  This 
raise  money,  than  for  those  who  are  inter-  case  is  characteristic.  The  spirit  of  reckless 
ested  in  the  objects  for  which  it  is  required,!  speculation  and  disregard  of  fidelity  pervades 
simply  to  give  what  they  can  spare.  In  this!  all  its  details,  and  yet  we  are  asked  to  con- 
process,  there  is  the  satisfaction  of  knowing1  sider  these  dishonest  transactions,  these  vio- 
t'hat  a  large  part  of  what  is  contributed  will^ations  of  faith  as  ordinary  business  transac- 
not  be  wasted  in  incidental  expenses  ;  and  one!  tions.  We  cannot  so  regard  them.  Want  of 
aan  feel  also  that  no  encouragement  is  given  fidelity  to  trusts  is  the  evil  of  the  times,  the 
to  anything  of  a  demoralizing  or  frivolous' consequences  of  which  are  widespread  and 
tendency.  disastrous.     It  robs  the  widow  and  the  or- 

In  former  times,  it  was  very  common  for  the  phan.  It  sweeps  aside  in  a  day  the  hard 
government  to  authorize  the  drawing  of  lot-  earnings  of  whole  communities.  It  breathes 
teries — the  profits  of  which  were  to  be  applied  upon  established  industries  and  they  perish. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States. — Among  a  number  of  bills  intro- 
duced into  tlie  U.  S.  Senate  last  week,  was  one  by 
Senator  Ingalls  of  Kansas,  to  establish  the  new  time 
standard  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  which  was  taken 
up  and  passed.  In  tbe  House,  on  tbe  24th,  the  Speaker 
announced  tbe  standing  and  select  committees.  The 
same  day,  both  Houses  adjourned  until  tbe  7th  of  next 

Our  Minister  to  Sweden  informs  the  State  Depart- 
ment that,  on  the  24th  of  4th  mo.  next,  direct  steam 
communication  between  the  United  Stales  and  Sweden 
will  begin.  It  will  be  continued  monthly  thereafter 
between  New  York  and  Gothenburg,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  North  German  Llovds.  During  1882,  Sweden 
imported  §2,000,000  worth  of  wheat,  mostly  from  Den- 
mark. 

Contracts  have  been  awarded  by  the  Treasury  De- 
partment for  the  construction  of  iron  partitions  in  the 
silver  storage  vaults  in  the  Sub-Treasuries  at  Chicago 
and  Philadelphia  to  the  Globe  Iron  Works  of  Chicago. 


168 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  San  Francisco  U.  S.  Treasury  vault  now  contains 
'58  tons  of  gold  coin  and  700  tons  of  silver  coin,  which 
fills  two  large  vaults,  one  with  dimensions  of  36  by  14 
and  8  feet  high,  and  the  other  with  dimensions  of  36  by 
17  by  8  feet. 

At  Kansas  City  on  the  20th  instant,  32,000  acres  of 
land  in  Stafford  county,  Kansas,  were  sold  for  $160,000 
to  capitalists  of  Staunton,  Virginia,  who  intend  to  colo- 
nize Dunkards  on  the  land. 

About  200,000  acres  will  be  added  to  the  cultivatable 
lands  of  Arizona  next  year  bv  canals  and  irrigating 
ditches,  at  an  expense  of  $800,000. 

The  merchants  of  San  Francisco  assert  that  their 
trade  with  the  Northwest  has  been  already  reduced  75 
per  cent,  by  the  opening  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kail- 
road.  "Four  months  ago  three  steamers  a  weelc  were 
not  sufficient  to  carry  freight  to  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton Territory.  Two  months  later  two  steamers  per 
week  were  sufficient,  and  now  one  every  five  days  is  all 
that  is  necessary." 

Experiments  were  made  last  week  at  the  factory  of 
the  United  States  Electric  Company,  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  to  test  the  danger  of  electric  light  wires  to  fire- 
men. A  fifty-light  arc  machine  was  placed  in  circuit 
with  fifty  lamps,  and  a  number  of  persons  took  hold  of 
the  naked  wires  without  feeling  a  shock.  A  stream  of 
water  was  then  thrown  on  the  wires  through  a  hose 
with  a  metal  nozzle,  and  those  holding  it  were  not  in- 
jured, nor  did  they  feel  the  least  shock.  The  positive 
and  negative  wires  of  the  fire  alarm  telegraph  and  elec- 
trict  lighting  system  of  the  city  were  then  bared,  and  a 
powerful  current  of  electricity  was  passed  through 
them.  A  man  held  a  brass  nozzle  in  his  hands  and 
threw  a  stream  of  water  on  the  wires  without  feeling  a 
shock. 

The  number  of  persons  sent  to  Bellevue  Hospital 
during  the  year,  to  be  treated  as  inebriates,  is  officially 
stated  to  be  1815,  against  1070  in  1882  ;  increase  of  men 
l,  135.     These  patients 


Flour  was  dull  but  steady.  Sales  of  2100  barrels,  in-  ( day  the  22nd  inst.,  at  1.30  A.  M.,  but  was  not  general  I 
eluding  Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  $6  ;  Pennsylvania  noticed.  A  stronger  shock  occurred  at  3.30  a.  M.  ail. 
family  at  $4.75  a  $5;  western  do.,  at  $5.25  a  $6,  and  lasted  12  seconds,  being  accompanied  by  heavy  rut |< 
patents  at  *6  a  $6.75.  Kye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.75  blings,  which  awoke  the  entire  population  of  the  ci  • 
per  barrel  for  choice.  and  caused  a  panic  in  the  narrow  streets.     Some  o  t 

Grain. — Wheat  was  dull  and  rather  lower.  About  buildings  and  a  number  of  chimneys  were  damage 
9500  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.12  j  At  Setubal,  18  miles  southeast  of  Lisbon,  the  shock  w| 
a  $1.12];  No.  2  a  $1.08}  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  t  so  severe  that  many  of  the  inhabitants  rushed  to  the  se, 
Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at$1.03  per  bushel,  and  50,000  shore. 

bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.07  a  $1.08|  12ih  mo.,  $1,084  a  Sontay  was  captured  by  the  French  on  the  17th  i ! 
$1,081  1st  mo.,  jl.llf  a  $1.12  2d  mo.,  $1.13]  a  $1.14  stant.  Their  losses  are  stated  to  be  fifteen  killed  an 
3d  mo.,  and  $1.17  a  $1.19  5th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  sixty  wounded.  The  loss  of  the  enemy  is  not  knowij 
unsettled  :  87,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  50}  a  63  cts.  |  In  the  lower  House  of  the  Prussian  Diet  on  the  18t]( 
per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow,  and  new  at  inst.  Herr  Scholz,  Minister  of  Finance,  introduced  til 
49  a  55  cts.;  and  10,000  bushels  sail  mixed  at  59.]  a  59;  bill  for  the  taxation  of  incomes  derived  from  person  ! 
cts.  12th  mo.,  60J  a  60|  cts.  1st  mo.,  02',  a  62]  cts.  2d  property.  The  bill  was  coldly  received,  and  its  ultima  ( 
mo.,  63}  a  63J  cts.  3rd   mo.,  and  65}  a  67  cts.  5th  mo.  adoption  is  doubtful. 

Oats. — Car  lots  were  firmer.  About  11,000  bushels  sold  [  The  remains  of  Commander  De  Long  and  his  coni 
in  lots  at  38}  a  41  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  Irades.  of  the  ill-fated  Jeannette  expedition,  havearrivtl 
and  No.  2  white  at  40  a  41  cts.  Pith  mo.,  40}  a  40 J  cts.  at  Irkutsk.  ji 

1st  mo.,  42  a  43  cts.  2d  mo.,  and  42]  a  44  cts.  3d  mo.  I  A  telegram  from  St.  Petersburg  says  that  it  was  win  J 
and  44  a  47  cts.  5th  mo.  Kye  was  unchanged.  Small  'the  Czar  was  hunting  in  a  sledge  on  the  20th  inst.  th:J 
sales  are  reported  at  65  cts.  per  bushel.  J  the  horses  shied  and  the  Emperor  was  thrown  out,  ani 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  12th   his  right  shoulder  injured, 
mo.  22d,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  210;  loads  of  straw,  30  ;  I      Over  eight  million  females  are  reported  as  employe! 
Average   price  during   week — Prime  timothy,  75  a  85  in  industrial  occupations  in  India, 
cts.   per  100  lbs.;   mixed,  60  a  75  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  I     The  South  Australian  wheat  crop  is  expected  to  yielj 
straw,  60  a  70  cts.  per  100  pounds.  j  largely  over  the  average  this  year. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  as  usual  at  this  season  of  the  Mexico,  according  to  a  paper  read  before  the  Amerl 
year  and  prices  were  unsettled  :  3000  head  arrived  and  can  Geographical  Society,  will  not  only  cease  importing 
sold  at  the  diflerent  yards  at  5  a  7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to   petroleum  from  the  United  States,  but  will   become  : 


quality 

Sheep  were  in  demand  at  an  advance  :  9000  head  sold 
at  the  diflerent  yards  at  3]  a  5J  and  lambs  at  3f  a  7} 
cts.  pound. 

Hogs  were  dull :  4700  head  sold  at  the  different  yards 
at  8  a  8]  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — The  strike  of  the  cotton  weavers  in  Lan- 
cashire and  the  miners  in  Yorkshire  increases  in  pro- 


over  last  yea 

sent  from  the  Police  Courts  and  stations,  city  prisons 'portions.  Twenty-six  thousand  looms  are  idle  in  Black 
and  other  institutions,  as  Bellevue  is  the  only  establish- 'burn  and  14,000  in  Darwen  and  Padisham.  At  many 
rnent  for  this  class  of  persons.  (places  the  operatives  are  accepting  a  reduction  of  5  per 

The  drouth  in  Southern  Georgia  is  terrible.  The  cent,  in  their  wages.  The  Operatives'  Association  is 
Atlanta  Constitution  says  it  reaches  from  Lee  and  trying  to  fight  the  battle  in  detail  by  bringing  out  the 
Dougherty  through  Baker  and  Mitchell  into  Lowndes, '  operatives  in  two  or  three  towns  at  a  time.  The  Manu- 
covering  all  or  part  of  a  dozen  counties.  In  Lee  county  faeturers'  Association  met  this  move  by  adopting  short 
there  was  a  rain  on  6th  mo.  10th  and  another  on  9th  time  in  all  the  mills  that  are  running.  The  Yorkshire 
mo.  13th.  Not  another  drop  has  fallen  in  over  seven  miners  demand  an  advance  of  10  per  cent,  in  their 
months.  The  creeks,  springs  and  wells  have  dried  up.  J  wages.  A  general  conference  of  miners  will  be  held  at 
In  Leesburg  water  is  sold  at  five  cents  a  glass.  It  is  Manchester  on  the  27th  inst.  for  the  purpose  of  organ- 
hauled  from  fifteen  to  twenty  miles.  Families  take  izing  a  universal  strike  unless  the  demands  of  the  York- 
their  washing  the  same  distance  frequently.  The  crops  shire  men  are  conceded.  The  strike  agitation  is  spread- 
are  very  much  injured  and  the  land  is  so  hard  that  the  ing  in  the  iron  districts  of  the  North  of  France,  Lor- 
people  cannot  put  in  fall  grain,  and  there  will  be  much  '  mine  and  in  other  districts.  The  furnaces  in  the  upper 
suffering  unless  speedy  and  heavy  rains  occur.  j  valley  of  the  Moselle  have  been  blown  out.     A  majority 

The  skull  of  a  pterodactyl  was  brought  up  by  a  of  the  iron  manufacturers  in  Lorraine  are  reducing  the 
dredger  in  New  Haven  harbor  Seventh-day  last.  A  !  wages  of  their  employes  7  to  10  per  cent.,  and  limiting 
search  will  be  made  for  the  remainder  of  the  body,  j  the  number  of  workmen  and  the  hours  of  labor. 
Fossil  tracks  and  remains  of  great  interest  were  diss- 1  Tuke,  chairman  of  the  Tuke  Emigration  Committee, 
covered  last  week  at  the  Portland  quarries,  in  Con- 1  in  a  letter  to  the  Times,  quotes  copious  extracts  from 
nectieut.  Three  large  blocks  of  freestone  were  taken  letters  expressing  the  gratitude  of  emigrants  who  have 
out  300  feet  below  the  surface,  which  are  quite  soft,  |  been  assisted  in  their  passage  to  America  by  the  Tuke 
having  not  yet  become  hardened  from  exposure  to  the  fund.     Many  instances  are  cited  in   which  emigrants 


air.  On  the  upper  surface  of  two  of  the  blocks  are  vi 
ble,  plainly  indented — some  of  them  a  half  an  inch  deep 
and  sharply  cut— the  footprints  of  birds  of  a  past  age. 
Some  are  large  and  some  are  small.  The  third  block 
has  the  fossilized  remains  of  a  creature  that  in  shape 
resembles  a  turtle.  It  is  about  one  foot  and  six  inches 
wide,  octagonal  in  shape,  and  oval  like  the  back  of  a 
turtle.  It  is  firmly  attached  to  the  rock,  and  there  arc- 
no  traces  of  legs. 

It  is  estimated  that  100,000  turkeys  and  double  that 
number  of  chickens  have  reached  this  market  last  week, 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  contributing  more  than  three- 
fourths  of  the  shipments. 

Extremely  cold  weather  prevailed  last  Seventh-day 
night  and  First-day  morning.  At  Bangor,  Maine,  the 
thermometer  was  20  below  zero.  At  Hanover,  New 
Hampshire,  30°  below,  and  at  Boston,  12°  below. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  375, 
which  was  11  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 


of 


of  the  stomach 


M.i,-!.; 


&<-,.— U.  S.  l]'s,  lll;;  4'e,  registered,  L23|; 
coupon,  124g;  3's,  102;  currency  0's,  128  a  135. 

Cotton  was  rather  (inner.  Sales  of  middlings  are 
reported  at  10s;  a  10|  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and 
New  ( Irleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  9  a  9}  cts.  for  export, 
and  10  a  10]  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 


are  returning  their  passage  money.  Of  5400  persons 
assisted  to  emigrate  in  1883  by  the  Tuke  Committee, 
one-third  went  to  Canada  and  two-thirds  to  the  United 
States. 

The  survivors  of  the  steamship  Saint  Augustin,  which 
was  burned  12th  mo.  16th  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay  while 
on  the  voyage  from  Manila  to  Liverpool,  assert  that 
thirty-eight  men  were  left  on  board  when  four  boats 
loaded  put  oil"  from  the  vessel.  It  is  feared  that  all 
were  lost ;  as,  when  the  steamer  was  last  seen,  a  heavy 
sea  was  running,  the  vessel  was  all  burning,  and  she 
had  no  other  boats. 

The  Governor  of  Dongola  telegraphs  detailed  accounts 
of  the  fighting  between  the  forces  of  Hicks  Pasha  and 
those  of  El  Mahdi.  He  maintains  that  the  Egyptians 
were  victorious  and  that  the  army  is  intact  and  is  now 
encamped  at  Melbass.  He  adds  that  El  Mahdi  is  at 
El  Obeid,  having  been  (bleated  by  his  former  followers, 
who  reproached  him  with  not  being  the  Mahdi,  because 
he  had  failed  to  vanquish  (he  Egyptians  by  Divine  aid. 

The  Cairo  correspondent  of  the  Observer,  says  the 
British  Government  has  explicitly  informed  the  Egyp- 
tian Government  that  it  will  not  attempt  to  reconquer 
the  Soudan,  nor  will   it  permit    Egypt    to  make  the  at- 

Khedive  incurs  no  expense  in  (he  undertaking.  Eng- 
land is  willing  to  send  a  Beet  to  Alexandria  and  to 
assist  in  the  defence  of  strictly  Egyptian  territory,  if 
the  same  is  threatened  by  I'll  Mahdi. 

An  earthquake  shock  occurred  at  Lisbon,  on  Seventh- 


exporter  of  it  "  at  an  early  day.' 
On  the  21st  instant  there  was  considerable  rioting  ii 
the  City  of  Mexico,  growing  out  of  a  refusal  to  receivl 
nickel  coins  in  city  markets.  A  mob  gathered,  cryinj 
"Down  with  nickel!"  and  firing  pistols.  The  mo 
rushed  through  the  streets,  breaking  lamps  and  will 
dows,  and  a  panic  ensuing,  all  the  business  houses  well 
closed.  Finally  the  troops  were  called  out,  blan 
cartridges  were  fired,  and  the  crowd  was  charged  bj 
cavalry  several  times.  Order  was  at  last  restored  wit! ; 
.out  bloodshed.  The  City  Council  is  opening  stores  fcj 
the  sale  of  prime  necessaries  for  nickel  money.  Meat 
time,  the  President  has  ordered  the  strict  enforcemerj 
of  the  nickel  coinage  law,  and  the  establishment  through 
out  the  Republic  for  the  redemption  of  nickel  in  silve:] 
The  merchants  receive  nickel  freely. 

A  telegram  from  Montreal  reports  the  commercifj 
situation  there  unchanged.  The  wholesale  business  i| 
in  all  departments  "  unprecedentedly  dull,"  and  the  r<| 
tail  trade  below  the  standard  of  former  years.  The  sale] 
during  the  year  have  been  from  25  to  40  per  cent,  lesl 
than  during  1882.  The  exports  of  live  stock  fror] 
Montreal  during  the  last  season  were  51,000  cattle  and 
104,000  sheep,  an  increase  of  9000  cattle  and  29,00  I 
sheep  on  the  figures  for  1882.  During  the  season  jus' 
closed  445  steamers  and  90  sailing  vessels  entered  th  j 
port  of  Montreal. 

A  "Friends'  Calendar  for  18S4,"  designed  for  horn; 
and  office  use,  having  been  prepared  by  several  inter, 
ested  Friends  is  now  ready,  and  can  be  obtained  on  ap 
plication  either  at  Friends  Hook  Store,  304  Arch  St.,  oj 
of  E.  L.  South,  6  North  Sixth  St.;  or  if  desired  will  U 
mailed  to  any  address. 

PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

Old  muslin  or  linen,  especially  large  pieces  such  sjj 
sheets  and  table  cloths,  which  are  used  in  dressing 
serious  burns,  are  much  needed  at  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  Eighth  and  Spruce. 

Packages  will  be  sent  for  if  the  steward  is  notified,    j 


Died,  at  his  residence1,  near  Harrisville,  Ohio,  on  thii 
morning  of  the  14th  of  12th  month,  1S83,  WlLLIAM 
Hall,  in  the  SOth  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  Short! 
creek  Monthly  and  Harrisville  Particular  Meeting' 
This  dear  Friend  manifested  through  the  course  of  t\ 
long  and  useful  life,  a  becoming  concern  for  the  ad-i 
vancement  of  the  cause  of  truth  and  righteousness  ir: 
the  earth,  and  the  maintainance  of  the  principles  of  tlu 
Society  of  Friends — ever  dear  to  him.  As  the  time  o:l 
his  departure  drew  near,  and  the  shackles  of  mortalitj 
seemed  loosening,  he  evinced  that  his  hopes  of  salva-! 
tion  rested  not  on  works  of  righteousness  which  he  had 
done.  His  bereaved  family  and  friends  are  comforted; 
in  believing  that,  through  the  mercies  of  his  Saviour,  he 
has  joined  the  company  of  those  who  "  shall  hunger  noi 
more,  neither  thirst  any  more:  neither  shall  the  sun 
light  on  them,  nor  any  heat.  For  the  Lamb  which  is] 
in  the  midst  of  the  throne  shall  feed  them,  and  shall! 
lead  them  unto  living  fountains  of  waters;  and  God' 
shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  their  eyes." 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FIRST  MONTH 


NO.    22. 


Price, 

Subscription 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
if  paid   in   advance,  52.00  per  annum. 


,payn 


JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

O.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAII 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

ntered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Sarah  B.  Upton. 

(Continued  from  page  162.) 

In  the  year  1841,  she  was  married  to  Smith 
Upton,  who  took  her  to  bis  home  in  Dutchess 
Co.,  New  York.  How  she  viewed  the  threat 
Range  from  her  active  pursuits  in  a  large 
city,  to  life  on  a  farm  among  the  picturesque 
but  lonely  hills,  east  of  the  Hudson  river, 
near  Pougbkeepsie,  she  tells  in  a  letter  to  H. 
M.  W.,  dated  10th  mo.  10th,  1841 : 

"But  I  hoar  thee  query,  How  dost  thou 
feel  in  thy  new  abode  ?  I  can  in  truth  reply, 
very  peaceful  ;  but  I  fear  not  grateful  enough 
for  the  many  blessings  with  which  I  am  sur- 
rounded. *  *  I  am  thankful  for  the  home 
feeling  that  I  have  been  favored  with,  con- 
sidering the  great  change  it  is  from  the  city 
to  a  country  life.  And  not  only  that — the 
absence  of  so  many  beloved  ones  towards 
whom  my  heart  goes  out  in  many  a  musing 
hour,  and  no  doubt  will  continue  to  do  so.  I 
have  cause  to  rejoice  in  finding  my  new  rela- 
tives very  agreeable,  as  the  circle  here  is  so 
small,  that  they  will  be  my  chief  resource  for 
society  abroad.  But  where  shall  I  find,  my 
dear  H.,  any  one  who  will  supply  thy  place 
to  me?  I  looked  around  the  meeting  and  felt 
indeed  that  these  are  strangers  !  But,  assured 
as  I  am  without  the  shadow  of  a  doubt  that 
I  am  here  in  the  ordering  of  Best  Wisdom,  I 
rest  in  the  hope  that  I  shall  not  long  feel  thus, 
but  find  in  my  new  allotment,  ability  to  per- 
form the  duties  that  may  devolve  upon  me. 
Ah,  my  dear  friend,  thou  knows  how  import- 
ant it  is  to  be  found  doing  our  day's  work  in 
the  day-time,  which  may  be,  to  some  of  us, 
very  short.     My  mind  has  been  solemnized 


the  usual  routine  of  life— eating  and  prepar-  sent  this  latter  individual  out  of  the  room  to 
ing  to  eat,  a  little  interval  of  sewing  or  knit- 'express  an  outburst  of  laughter.  Meanwhile 
ting,  while  my  kind  husband  devours  some  the  figure  sat  silently  by  the  fire,  entirely  in- 
book— a  little  like  thy  uncle,  J.  W.— and  then  Jdisposed  to  give  any  information  as  to  the 
the  night  cometh.  'Tis  true,  we  have  had  ' occasion  of  her  visit.  The  suspense,  however, 
storms,  grand  storms,  when  the  wind  seemed  .was  relieved  by  the  appearance,  after  he  had 
contending  with  the  earth  for  the  mastery, 'secured  her  horse,  of  ber  escort,  whoexplained 
and  now  and  then  a  pleasant  day.  But !  that  the  old  lady  had  heard  of  the  good  deeds 
whether  it  stormed  or  was  bright  and  sunny,  'of  Sarah  Upton,  and  thought  she  might  find  a 
seemed  to  matter  little  to  me,  for  I  have  !  home  for  the  remainder  of  her  days  under  her 
passed  the  time  by  the  same  fireside,  well  con-  roof,  notwithstanding  the  fact,  discovered 
tented  for  the  most,  with  the  society  I  found  upon  investigation,  that  she  had  friends  upon 

vhom  she  had  claims!  Winter  in  those  days 
among  those  hills,  was  sometimes  after  the 
fashion  of  "Snow  Bound,"  but  oftener  the 
long  stretches  of  cold  weather  gave  good 
roads  over  the  frozen  snow,  and  the  merry 
jingle  of  bells  frequently  announced  the  ar- 
rival of  guests  unexpected  at  the  time,  but 
who  knew  they  would  find  a  welcome,  accord- 
ing to  the  hospitable  custom  of  the  country, 
without  special  invitation. 

Having  no  children  of  her  own,  she  adop ted, 
in  1847,  two  motherless  little  girls  whose 
training  she  superintended  with  the  greatest 
care,  procuring  for  them,  teachers  at  home, 
in  the  absence  of  schools  within  reach  to 
which  she  was  willing  to  send  them. 

In  the  long  winter  evenings,  when  the  les- 
sons were  done,  there  was  reading  from  in- 
structive literary  or  religious  works,  or  some 
animated  game,  in  which  all  the  grown  folks 
took  part,  and  on  summer  days  she  would, 
when  able,  ramble  through  field  and  forest, 
or  row  with  the  children  on  the  lovely  little 
lake  which  nestled  at  the  foot  of  the  hills  and 
glistened  through  the  trees  in  front  of  the 
house,  and  sometimes  she  would  say,  she 
thought  that  a  happier  home  could  not  be 
found. 

But  the  shadow  of  ill-health  fell  more 
heavily  over  her  pleasant  picture,  and  she 
thus  records  her  struggle  in  a  letter  to  her 
friend  M.  A.  W. : 

"I  am  sure  that  thou  wilt  feel  with  me  that 


there,  though  there  are  seasons  when  my 
mind  dwells  so  vividly  on  the  friends  left  be- 
hind, that  it  is  almost  impossible  not  to  wish 
some  of  them  within  reach.'' 

Thus  she  found  things,  but  thus  they  did 
not  long  remain,  and  Whittier  might  have 
written  other  that 

"  Homes  were  cheerier  for  her  sake, 
And  door-yards  brighter  blooming; 
And  all  about  the  social  air 
Was  sweeter  for  her  coming!" 

For,  though  at  that  time  the  steam  whistle 
had  not  waked  the  echoes  among  those  beau- 
tiful hills,  and  she  felt  at  times  the  inconveni- 
ence of  distanco  from  centres  of  supply,  yet, 
while  adapting  herself  with  remarkable  ease 
to  country  ways,  and  recognizing  what  was 
valuable  in  them,  she  found  means  to  supply 
deficiencies,  and  thus  their  cheerful,  spacious 
home  soon  became  the  scene  of  the  "  over- 
flowing hospitality"  truly  accredited  to  it. 
The  resources  of  her  "squirrel  holes,"  as  she 
playfully  called  them,  were  seemingly  inex- 
haustible for  manj-  a  bright  and  improving 
social  winter  gathering  of  the  good  and  the 
cultivated,  who  were  scattered  over  the  coun- 
try for  miles  around ;  while  the  summer 
months  did  not  fail  to  bring  a  succession  of 
city  guests  to  drive  and  ramble  over  the  bills, 
and  to  brighten  and  instruct  the  neighbor- 
hood with  stores  from  heart  and  head,  and 
also  to  find  in  their  old  time  co-worker, 


accomplished   country    housekeeper.      They 

mio-ht  have  found  in  her  also,  could  they  have  my  deafness  has  greatly  increased.     It  occur- 

followed    her,    the    sympathetic    friend    and! red  suddenly  last  summer  when  I  was  so  sick 

helper,  so  far  as  her  health  would  permit,  of 

the  poor,  the  afflicted   and  the  suffering,  to 

whom  her  varied  stores  of  information,  and 


this  evening  under  a  feeling  of  the  frailty  of  j her  practical  common 
our  existence  here,  and  the  need  we  have  of 
Divine  aid  in  performing  even  our  relative 
duties  aright.  I  greatly  fear  for  myself,  and 
crave  the  remembrance  of  my  friends  on  my 
behalf,  when  favored  with  access  to  the  foun- 
tain of  mercy — and  it  is  so  consoling  to  be- 
lieve that  wo  can  be  one  another's  helpers  in 
the  Lord." 

Later,  in  this  first  year  of  the  new  life,  as 
winter  closed  round  them  in  the  isolated 
home,  she  writes  again  to  H.  M.  W. — "I  find 
I  must  once  more  try  to  interest  my  friends 
with  self  and  its  concerns  ;  for  so  quietly  and 
with  so  much  sameness  have  these  short 
winter  days  passed  away,  that  nothing  else 
scarcely  has  occurred  than  what  relates  to 


were  not  unfre- 
quen'tly  of  great  advantage.  Often  would 
be  take  long  drives  over  the  hills  to  supply 
some  suffering  poor  one  with  appliances  for 
relief,  out  of  their  reach,  and  before  unknown 
to  them. 

The  fame  of  her  deeds  of  kindness  was 
sometimes  the  occasion  of  rather  amusing  in- 
cidents. One  of  these  which  comes  to  mind, 
was  the  sudden  appearance  in  ber  sitting- 
room,  by  a  side  entrance  one  wintry  day,  of 
a  figure,  robed  in  a  quaint,  old  cloak,  and  with 
its  head  wrapped  in  a  silk  handkerchief  which 
nearly  veiled  the  face.     Looking  up  from  her 


sudden \y . 
with  erysipelas.  I  awoke  one  morning  with 
everything  bushed  and  still,  but  it  was  not 
till  some  one  spoke  to  me  that  I  was  aware 
of  what  had  happened.  I  feel  now  as  if  it 
would  not  pass  off,  as  I  hoped  it  would,  with 
the  disease,  and  I  am  trying  to  be  resigned  to 
perpetual  solitude,  but  with  my  natural  tem- 
perament, find  it  bard  to  be  resigned.  I  can 
assure  thee  my  dwelling  has  long  been  in  the 
depths,  and  with  very  feeble  health  it  is  very 
easy  to  look  on  the  gloomy  side  of  things,  for 
I  find  from  experience,  that  much  of  the  com- 
fort of  life  depends  upon  the  animal  spirits, 
and  long  continued  ill-health  does  wear  upon 

them.    How  is ?    Does  she  still  continue 

so  cheerful  through  all,  or  docs  she  sometimes 
find  she  must  look  higher  for  help  to  bear  the 


work,  as  the  figure  advanced  towards  the  fire,  trials  of  a  suffering  body  ?  Oh  !  it  does  seem 
she  quietly  remarked  to  the  young  girl  at  her  |  to  me  that  those  who  are  favored  with  an 
side    "Is  it  a  ghost?"  with  an  effect  which 'admittance  within  the  pearl  gates  are  those 


170 


THE    FRIEND. 


whom  I  envy.  But  we  are  told  these  are  they 
who  came  out  of  great  tribulation,  and  hav 
washed  their  garments  and  made  tbem  whit 
in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb.  So,  let  us  be  patient 
through  the  varied  trials  and  afflictions  of 
these  dark  days,  and  seek  to  know  an  en 
trance  into  that  never  ending  rest."  The 
friend  to  whom  the  above  was  addressed  had 
herself  long  been  an  example  of  patience 
under  the  privation  of  deafness. 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "  The  Fri 
"  My  sheep   hear   my   voice   and  they   follow   me.     A 
stranger  will  they  not  follow,  for  they  know  not  the 
voice  of  strangers." 

On  seeing  a  flock  of  sheep  being  called  in 
from  the  field,  I  noticed,  when  they  once  un- 
derstood the  call,  how  willingly  and  eagerly 
they  obeyed;  they  even  appeared  to  rejoice, 
and  no  doubt  when  entered  into  the  sheep- 
fold,  they  were  supplied  with  food  from  theii 
master's  stores. 

While  witnessing  this  scene,  the  above 
passage  of  Scripture  was  brought  to  my  re- 
membrance, it  being  so  illustrative  or  appli- 
cable to  the  Christian  travellers, — those  that 
are  endeavoring  to  follow  their  Master  in  the 
way  of  his  leading.  Like  the  sheep,  it  b- 
comes  a  pleasure  to  obej*  his  calls,  because 
they  come  to  believe  in  his  word,  and  know 
that  there  will  a  reward  follow;  or,  in  othe 
words,  that  the}-  will  be  supplied  with  dantie 
from  his  bountiful  table.  So  that  there  is  en 
couragement  to  follow  on  in  the  footsteps  of 
the  flock,  and  endeavor  when  the  Master  calls, 
to  be  ready  to  obey  the  summons.  Then 
there  will  be  a  continuance  of  his  bounties 
and  his  visits;  and  the  answer  of  "  Well  done, 
good  and  faithful  servant,  &c." 

But  the  watch  must  be  kept  up — the  con- 
tinual watch — if  we  want  to  follow  on  in  the 
footsteps  of  Christ's  companions:  for  the  Mas- 
ter may  come  at  a  time  when  we  think  not, 
and  when  we  arc  so  busily  engaged  at  some 
outward  pleasure  that  we  would  scarcely  hear 
the  call ;  and  then  we  may  become  like  a  dis- 
tressed sheep  that  is  astray  from  its  com- 
panions. 

But  when  the  Good  Shepherd,  who  is  ever 
full  of  tender  compassion,  misses  one  of  the 
flock,  He  searches  diligently  to  find  him  ;  and 
rejoices  when  ho  is  found  and  brought  back 
again  into  the  fold.  Faithfulness  to  His  calls 
must  be  observed,  if  we  would  find  favor  in 
the  Master's  sight,  "  If  ye  love  me,"  says  out- 
blessed  Saviour,  "keep  my  commandments." 

My  attention  was  particularly  arrested  late- 
ly, in  reading  a  published  letter  of  a  dear  de- 
parted minister  who,  in  writing  to  his  friend, 
closed  by  saying,  "Pray  for  us,  that  we  may 
be  able  to  withstand  the  evil  day,  and  having 
done  all  to  stand."  That  is  a  great  point  to 
attain  to,  to  be  aide  to  stand  the  winter  season, 
the  dark  and  cloudy  day;  to  be  willing  to  wait 
for  the  refreshing  time  to  come;  for  surely 
we  are  His  in  suffering  as  well  as  rejoicing. 
These  dark,  proving  seasons  are  good  for  us; 
a  trial  of  our  faith  and  patience.'  Therefore, 
"  My  soul  wait  thou  only  upon  God;  for  my 
expectation  is  from  Him."  We  are  told  that 
it  is  the  just  that  shall  live  by  faith,  for  it  is 
the  substance  of  things  hoped  for.  "What  a 
great  attainment  to  be  enabled  each  day  to 
bear  whatever  is  permitted  to  come  upon  us, 
knowing  that  "He  doeth  all  things  well  I" 
B.C.  Cooper. 

12th  mo.  14th,  1883. 


Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
families,  by  James  Trimble. 

A  tradition  was  long  current  with  Friends 
of  Nottingham  that  the  location  at  that  point 
was  decided  upon  through  the  suggestion  and 
desire  of  Win.  Penn  to  end  if  possible  the  long 
agitated  question  of  the  Maryland  border. 
Up  to  this  time  no  permanent  settlement  had 
been  made  near  the  disputed  line  by  either 
party.  According  to  this  account,  in  the  early 
spring  of  1701,  a  party  set  out  from  Chester, 
beaded  by  the  Governor  in  person,  to  "view 
the  lay  of  the  land."  Jt  is  said  that  on  this 
occasion  William  Penn  designated  the  spot 
occupied  by  East  Nottingham  meeting-house, 
farm,  school,  and  burying  grounds.  In  1740, 
John  and  ThomasPenn,  "conveyed  the  tract 
of  40  acres  which  our  honored  father  set  apart 
for  the  Society  of  Friends,  at  a  place  called 
Nottingham  in  this  province,  to  them  and 
their  successors  in  like  faith  forever."  The 
commissioners  of  property,  Edward  Shippen, 
Griffith  Owen,  Thos.  Story  and  James  Logan, 
at  their  meeting  in  Philadelphia,  11th  mo. 
14th,  1701,  issued  their  warrant  to  Henry 
Hollingsworth,  "  To  survey  and  lay  out  18,000 
acres  between  the  main  branch  of  North  East 
river  and  Oetoraro  creek,  to  about  20  families, 
parallel  to,  and  as  near  as  may  be  to  the  line 
of  the  Province."  The  survej-  when  cora- 
Jeted  the  ensuing  summer,  comprised  a  par- 
llelogram  four  miles  wide,  between  the  points 
named,  on  a  line  duo  west  from  New  Castle, 
being  the  exact  boundary  claimed  by  Wni.l 
Penn  for  Pennsylvania;  but  by  compromise 
his  heirs  allowed  the  line  to  be  placed  three] 
and  a-half  miles  further  north,  throwing  the' 
whole  tract,  except  about  1200  acres,  into 
Maryland. 

Mason  and  Dixon  formed  a  congenial  ac 
quaintance  with  John  Churchman  and  son 
George,  while  running  their  famous  line, 
which  divided  the  farm  of  the  latter  midway 
between  the  two  provinces. 

Nottingham  was  settled  by  a  colony  of 
Friends,  some  thirty  in  number,  heads  of 
families,  mostly  from  about  Chester  and  Mar- 
us  Hook.  In  the  autumn  of  1702,  a  pioneer 
party  left  Chester  in  the  10th  month,  and 
encamped  at  a  fine  spring  a  mile  cast  of  where 
the  village  of  "  Rising  Sun"  now  stands.  The 
place  was  then  considered  "far  back  in  the 
woods,"  24  miles  due  west  from  New  Castle. 
Here,  I  have  often  hoard  old  people  relate  the 
household  tradition  that  the  sound  of  the  first 
axe-fall,  wielded  by  the  hand  of  Win.  Brown 
(the  elder)  that  foretold  the  coming  civiliza- 
tion at  Nottingham,  was  hearth  Near  the 
aforesaid  spring  stood  the  house  of  William 
Brown,  more  capacious  than  others,  to  ac- 
date  meetings  for  worship. 
Chichester  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the 
7th  day  of  the  3rd  mo.  1705,  our  Representa- 
tives to  the  Quarterly  Meeting  are  desired  to 
inform  that  meeting  that  the  Friends  a  settling 
t  Nottingham  desire  a  meeting  for  worship 
every  First-day  at  Win.  Brown's  house,  and 
a  week-day  meeting  once  a  month  on  the  5th 
day  before  Chichester  Monthly  Meeting." 

In  1700,  a  comfortable  hewn  log  meeting- 
house was  put  up  in  East  Nottingham  on  the 
10  acre  lot  given  by  Win.  Penn  lor  the  pur- 
■lose,   (adjoining   the   Churchman    estate   of 

lome  600  acres,  u] which  by  actual  count 

here  are  now  fifteen  occupied  dwelling-.) 

At,  Concord    Monthly  Meeting,  held  at  the 


house  of  John  Kinsman,  3rd  mo.  13th,  170l| 
"Robert  Pyde  and  Geo.  Pierce  are  appointe] 
to  go  down  to  Nottingham  and  take  wit  I 
them  the  order  of  the  Quarterly  Meeting  fci 
settling  a  meeting  there;  also  the  seven! 
heads  out  of  the  Book  of  Discipline,  so  far  a| 
may  suit  their  circumstances,  in  order  fof 
settling  a  Preparative  Meeting  and  the  carrjj 
ing  on  of  Church  government  among  thei 
according  to  the  good  order  of  Truth  ;  and  ij 
order  thereto  this  meeting  appoints  William 
Brown,  John  Churchman  (the  immigrant! 
Catharine  Brown  and  Mary  Balls  to  be  oveij 
seers  of  the  said  meeting." 

I  remember  hearing  old  persons  whosi 
grand-parents  attended  the  meetings  held  a 
Win.  Brown's,  speak  of  them  as  remarkabl 
occasions  of  unity  and  fellow  feeling.  Th 
privations  inseparable  from  beginning  lit 
anew  in  an  unbroken  forest,  though  mitigate! 
by  the  hope  that  their  "  vines  and  fig-trees 
might  some  day  afford  them  shelter,  "  witl 
none  to  make  them  afraid,"  (Kings  iv.  25) 
yet  their  forlorn  condition,  compared  with  t' 
fruitful  vales  of  their  native  land,  produced  i 
current  of  sympathy  that  overshadowed  an 
hushed  the  acrimonious  weakness  of  nature 
"  By  the  ruins  of  Babylon  there  we  sat  down 
yrea,  we  wept  when  we  remembered  Ziool 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1703,  the  settler! 
organized  a  meeting  for  worship — several  o 
their  number  being  ministers.  This  appean 
to  have  been  the  first  Friends'  meeting  helt 
in  Pennsylvania,  west  of  the  Brandy- wine,  ex 
.cept  Centre. 

in  1709,  the  Friends  of  West  Nottingham' 
desiring  a  more  convenient  meeting,  a  lot  oj 
five  acres,  two  miles  south-west  of  Williatr.j 
Brown's  house  was  purchased,  and  a  small 
frame  house  put  thereon,  which,  in  1811,  was! 
succeeded  by  the  present  comfortable  brickj 
structure.  In  the  meantime  Wm.  Brown's! 
Meeting  (as  it  was  called)  was  removed  to  the! 
aforesaid  log  house  in  East  Nottingham,  onj 
the  site  of  which,  in  1724,  the  "  Great  House' j 
spoken  of  by  Thomas  Chalkley,  in  1738,  was! 
built  to  accommodate  the  "General  Halt] 
Year's  Meeting"  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meet-j 
ing.  These  meetings  are  said  to  have  been! 
occasions  of  great  interest,  holding  several' 
days,  and  attended  by  many  prominent  menu! 
bers  of  the  Yearly  Meeting.  In  1751,  the] 
"  Great  House"  was  reduced  to  ashes  by  ac-j 
cident,  and  rebuilt  the  following  year  with] 
the  stone  addition,  thus  doubling  the  capacity) 
of  the  house  as  we  see  it  to-day. 

Christian  Eddy. 

(Concluded  from  page  165.) 

Years  ago,  in  London,  Cod  put  it  in  her 
heart  to  visit  one  of  the  worst  lanes  in  the) 
metropolis.  A  policeman  remonstrated  with! 
her.  "  It  is  not  safe,"  he  said;  we  never  go 
down  there,  except  two  at  a  time."  "  Butfl 
Jesus  is  with  me,"  she  replied  ;  and  she  went, 
and  lie  was  with  her,  and  gave  her  favor' 
amongst  the  people,  and  every  one  received  jl' 
her  gift  or  word. 

Hut  "the  disciple,"  is  not  to  be  above  "  the  l] 
Master;"  loving  appeals  will  sometimes  bo  mot  1 
by  refusals  ami  resistance.     Once,  whim  going  | 
about  doing  good,  she  was  struck  down.      In-  ;j; 
stantly  bystanders  rushed  upon  the  assailant, 
and  would  have  taken  him  before  a  magistrate. 
"  You  must   let   him  go,"  she  said.     "  But  he 
hit  you!"      "  Yes,  he   did  ;    but  you   must   let 
him  go."    "But  he  struck  you  to  t-bo  ground!" 
"Still  you  must    lei    him  go,  I   am  sure  Jesus 


THE    FRIEND. 


171 


vould."  And  so  her  meekness  was  as  rare  as 
ler  energy,  and  had  the  stamp  of  the  same 
nint.  the  ring  of  the  coinage  of  Christ. 

Her  courage  has  come  out  in  some  of  the 
■ases  I  have  mentioned.  Let  me  give  another 
nstance.  In  the  next  street  to  where  she 
ived  there  was  a  shoemaker,  a  tall  athletic- 
nan,  who  stood  six  feet  two,  and  could  walk 
brty  miles  at  a  stretch.  He  was  the  terror 
if  many,  and  hated  religion  with  a  terrible 
latred.  The  devoted  clergyman  of  the  dis- 
rict  tried  to  influence  him,  but  in  vain.  A 
riissionary,  a  friend  of  our  friend,  went,  but 
ame  back  shaking  with  terror.     She  began 

0  go  herself  ten  years  ago  or  more.  "  Hovv 
id  you  find  him  to-day  ?':  they  would  ask, 
fhen  she  came  back  out  of  the  lion's  den. 

Don't  ask  me  how  I  found  him,"  she  would 
eply  ;  "  I  leave  all  that  to  Jesus."  She  con- 
essed,  however,  that  she  expected  every 
noment  to  feel  his  huge  stick,  especially  one 
lay,  when  she  dropped  on  her  knees  and 
irayed  for  him  in  his  presence.  The  brave 
ieart  was  kept  up  by  its  faith.  Here  were 
he  hidings  of  its  power,  the  assurance  that 
rod  would  bless  his  word.  "  How  I  love  the 
pot!"  she  said  once,  as  she  passed  the  win- 
ow  ;  '•  what  joy  it  will  be  when  I  have  him 
nth  me  in  glory!"  And  this  while  his  fury 
till  raged.  For  nine  years  she  visited  him 
vithout  apparent  result ;  but  at  the  end  of 
his  time  he  was  stricken  with  illness.  Sbe 
legged  to  be  allowed  to  see  him,  and  was 
>ermitted,on  condition  that  sbe  would  neither 
peak  to  him  nor  pray  for  him  aloud.  Three 
imes  the  silent  visitor  went,  and  watched, 
.nd  prayed.  In  spite  of  the  silence  he  had 
nforced  on  her  he  bad  looked  for  her  visits, 
le  told  her  afterwards,  with  eager  anxiety. 

1  The  clergyman  has  given  me  up,  the  mis- 
ionary  has  given  me  up,  and  now  she  has 
;iven  me  up,  and  I  shall  be  lost."  Nay,  but 
he  had  not  given  him  up,  nor  had  God  either. 
)n  the  third  visit  the  shoemaker  held  out  his 
land.  The  ice  was  broken,  and  the  waters 
>egan  to  flow.  The  soul  was  opened  to  the 
saviour ;  the  man  lived  for  a  time  to  Him, 
md  then  died  to  Him,  and  now  may  have 
welcomed  his  benefactress  into  everlasting 
labitations. 

Her  decision  of  character  was  shown  as 
nuch  in  her  faithful  remonstrance  with  what 
she  believed  to  be  error,  as  in  her  steadfast- 
tess  in  seeking  those  who  were  known  to  be 
ost.  Once  she  wandered  into  a  ritualistic 
smirch,  and,  entering  into  conversation  with 
lome  of  the  sisterhood,  she  pointed  them  from 
mages  of  saints  to  a  living  Saviour.  At  that 
noment  the  priest  of  the  church  came  up 
Unabashed,  instead  of  ceasing  her  testimony, 
the  turned  to  him.  and  with  admirable  tact 
mlisted  him,  as  it  were,  on  her  side  by  say 
ng,  as  she  quoted  the  book  he  was  bound  to 
Knowledge:  "Is  it  not  so,  dear  sir?"  ''I 
im  afraid  you  don't  reverence  the  Virgin 
Mother,"  he  answered,  partying  the  shaft 
'I  love  her  as  a  blood-bought  sister,"  was  the 
omprehensive  reply. 

Of  all  the  traits  of  her  character,  none  was 
nore  marvellous  than  her  perseverance.  I 
lave  known  her  hold  on  to  effort  for  drunkards 
vho  had  grown  old  in  sin,  and  for  fallen  sisters 
vho  bad  relapsed  into  evil,  again  and  again, 
vith  the  greatest  tenacity  and  tenderness, 

A  group   of  sceptics  came  into  the  little 
ihop  one  day.     They  were  watched  by  lovi 
Christian  eyes,  and  spoken  to  by  gentle  Chi 
ian  lips.     The  ringleader  of  the  band  bl 


tered  out  his  brazen  defiance.  But  when, 
after  others  had  tried,  Christian  Eddy  came 
near  and  spoke  to  him.  he  quailed  and  turned 
away,  and  said:  "I  cannot  stand  you,  you 
talk  like  my  mother."  Seven  years  passed 
away.  The  man  had  long  left  the  town. 
But  distress  drove  him  back  in  search  of  work. 
Fresh  disaster  at  first  attended  him,  for  he 
was  laid  on  a  bed  of  sickness.  Then  "  the  iron 
entered  into  his  soul ;"  he  felt  his  ruin,  but, 
thank  God,  he  knew  one  resource.  "  Pray  !" 
said  he,  to  oneofhis  infidel  companions,  almost 
the  only  friend  he  bad.  '■Pray!"  exclaimed 
the  other.  '•  I  pray!  impossible."  -'But  I 
may  die,"  he  replied;  "  you  must  pray." 
"  Pray  yourself,"  replied  the  other.  "  God  be 
merciful  to  us  sinners  !"  cried  the  sick  skeptic, 
folding  his  hands.  At  this  crisis  the  mercy 
of  God  again  brought  to  his  side  her  who  had 
once  before  been  his  good  angel.  "What, 
you  come!"  he  exclaimed  with  delight.  And 
one  can  easily  imagine  with  what  eagerness 
he  would  drink  in  "the  sweet  story  of  old.'' 
"The  prayers  of  forty  years  are  answered," 
wrote  his  pious  father;  and  so  they  were. 

The  converted  sceptic  sent  for  his  old  com- 
panions, and  charged  them  to  give  up  their 
infidelity  and  come  to  Christ.  Nothing  else, 
he  said,  would  stand  them  in  stead  on  a  dying 
day.  Ami  now  mark  the  influence  of  stead- 
fastness to  the  truth.  .Moved  by  what  he 
said,  twelve  of  these  men  went  to  seek  out 
the  good  woman  who  had  been  so  blessed  to 
their  comrade's  soul,  left  their  addresses,  ask- 
ing her  to  come  and  visit  them  ;  and  she  had 
the  joy  of  seeing  all  of  them  much  altered,  and 
four  of  them  hopefully  converted  to  God, 
while  the  captain  of  the  gang  passed  away  to 
heaven,  shouting,  "  Joyful,  joyful,  joyful !" 

But  all  this  holy  effort  could  not  go  on  for 
ever.  "  The  spirit  indeed"  was  "  willing,  but 
the  flesh"  was  "  weak."  Disease  manifested 
itself,  though  no  one  knew  the  severe  suffer- 
ing it  occasioned,  or  dreamt  that  it  would 
soon  put  a  period  to  her  beneficent  labors. 
No  one  but  herself.  She,  it  now  appears, 
felt  that  "  the  little  while"  was  for  her  be- 
coming very  short  indeed.  When  they  spoke 
of  getting  ready  for  an}'  meal,  "I  hope  we 
shall  be  ready  for  Jesus,"  she  would  often  say. 
"  Next  [Fourth-day,]  if  not  in  glory,"  was 
her  weekly  farewell  to  one  dear  friend  ;  "  I 
cannot  be  here  always  to  help  you,"  her  fre- 
quent warning  to  another.  Still  they  could 
not,  would  not,  heed  it.  How  should  they, 
when,  after  a  day  of  enforced  confinment  to 
her  bed,  she  would  come  down  as  if  nothing 
were  the  matter,  bonneted,  and  smiling  as 
she  said,  "I  hope  we  shall  do  some  work 
for  Jesus  to-night?"  So  late  as  [Fifth-day, 
4th  mo.]  18th,  1872,  she  toiled  up  the  lon'g, 
weary  hill  that  leads  to  the  workhouse.  It 
was  the  last  time.  It  was  noticed  that  her 
frame  was  suffering  and  her  steps  were  slow. 
That  day  fortnight  she  was  carried  within 
sight  of  the  same  spot  to  be  laid  in  bcr  grave. 

By  [Seventh-day]  the  symptoms  had  be- 
come violent,  and  it  was  said  she  was  to  go 
to  the  hospital  for  an  operation,  an  operation 
which  it  was  hinted  might  be  fatal.  "Do 
you  hear  that?"  she  said,  turning  to  her  dear 
kind  friend.  "  Yes,  they  say  you  are  very 
ill."  "  They  say  I  may  never  get  well  again  ; 
and  won't  it  be  beautiful  to  burst  forth  in  the 
glory?"  Then,  seeing  her  friend  in  tears. 
■Don't  be  troubled,"  she  said;  "you  will 
spare  me  for  Jesus;  you  won't  grudge  my 
going  to  glory  ?"     "  No  bride,"  says  the  same 


close  observer,  "  wedded  to  a  lord,  ever  went 
off  so  happily  for  her  honeymoon  as  she  went 
to  the  hospital." 

The  way  in  which  she  gloried  in  tribula- 
tion was  the  wonder  of  the  patients,  the 
nurses,  and  the  doctors.  As  they  carried  her 
to  the  operating  room,  they  expressed  sur- 
prise at  her  jubilant  joy.  "  It  is  not  me," 
she  said,  "it's  Jesus."  The  secret  of  that 
supernatural  joy  indeed  could  never  be  self, 
it  could  only  be  the  Saviour. 

When  asked  a  day  or  two  after  by  a  friend 
how  sbe  had  felt  when  the  hour  of  suffering 
came,  "  I  felt,"  she  said,  "  as  if  in  the  glory. 
And  now  Jesus  is  so  precious,  so  precious." 
••-Vnil  her  face  brightened  as  she  spoke,  like 
until  the  face  of  an  angel,"  said  my  informant. 
To  another  visitor  she  said,  "I'm  so  happy, 
so  happy,  so  happy  !''  and  she  repeated  it 
three  times  with  eyes  upraised  to  heaven. 
And  then,  "  the  ruling  passion  strong  in 
death,"  she  added  in  tones  lowered  to  a  whis- 
per, "Jesus  has  found  a  little  work  for  me  to 
do  here.  I've  given  away  all  my  Gospels." 
"Here  is  one  more  for  you  then,"  said  the 
friend,  handing  her  the  only  one  in  his  pocket. 
"  Read  a  little,"  she  replied  :  and  he  read,  "  In 
my  Father's  house  are  many  mansions."  Be- 
fore twenty-four  hours  she  had  entered  one 
of  them.  She  walked  through  the  valley  of 
death,  but  feared  no  evil  ;  his  rod  and  his 
staff  they  comforted  her.  To  her  "  to  live 
was  Christ,"  and  therefore  "  to  die  was  gain." 

Fire  Among  Thorns. — In  Nahum  i.  10,  the 
prophet,  speaking  of  the  wicked,  says:  "  For 
while  they  be  folden  together  as  thorns,  and 
while  they  are  drunken  as  drunkards,  they 
shall  be  devoured  as  stubble  full}'  dry."  Tho 
reference  probably  was  to  that  kind  of  thorns 
called  bellan,  which  cover  the  whole  country  ; 
are  so  folden  together  as  to  be  quite  insepar- 
able, and  being  united  by  small  intertwining 
branches,  when  the  torch  is  applied,  flash  and 
flame  instantly,  "as  stubble  fully  dry;"  in- 
deed, the  peasants  select  the  bellan,  folden 
together,  when  they  want  to  kindle  a  fire. 

Moses  says  (Exodus  xxii.  6)  :  "  If  fire  break 
out,  and  catch  in  thorns,  so  that  the  stacks  of 
corn,  or  the  standing  corn,  or  the  field,  be 
consumed  therewith  ;  he  that  kindled  thefh'o 
shall  surely  make  restitution."  The  reason 
why  Moses  mentions  its  catching  among 
thorns  only,  I  suppose,  is  because  thorns 
grow  all  round  the  fields,  and  actually  inter- 
mingle with  the  wheat.  By  harvest  time 
they  are  not  only  dry  themselves,  but  are 
choked  up  with  grass  dry  as  powder.  Fire, 
therefore,  catches  in  them  easily,  and  spreads 
with  great  rapidity  ;  and  as  the  grain  is  dead 
ripe,  it  is  impossible  to  save  it  or  to  extinguish 
the  fire. 

When  I  was  crossing  the  plain  of  Gcnno- 
saret  during  harvest,  I  stopped  to  lunch,  and 
my  servant  kindled  a  very  small  fire  to  mako 
a  cup  of  coffee.  A  man,  detached  from  a  com- 
pany of  reapers,  came  immediately,  and  stood 
patiently  by  us  until  we  had  finished,  without 
saying  what  he  wanted.  As  soon  as  we  left, 
however,  he  carefully  extinguished  our  little 
fire ;  and,  upon  inquiry,  I  found  be  had  been 
sent  for  that  purpose.  Burckhardt,  while 
stopping  at  Tiberias,  hired  a  guide  to  the 
caves  in  Wady  el  Hainan,  and  says  that  this 
man  was  constantly  reproving  him  for  the 
careless  manner  in  which  he  threw  away  tho 
ashes  from  his  pipe.  He  then  adds,  "The 
Arabs  who  inhabit  the  valley  of  tho  Jordan 


(Z 


THE    FRIEND. 


invariably  put  to  death  any  person  who  is 
known  to  have  been  even  the  innocent  cause 
of  firing  the  grass  ;  and  they  have  made  a  law 
amongst  themselves  that,  even  in  the  height 
of  intestine  warfare,  no  one  shall  set  his 
enemy's  harvest  on  fire." 

The  ordinance  of  Moses  on  this  subject  was 
a  wise  regulation,  designed  to  meet  a  very 
urgent  necessity.  To  understand  the  full 
value  of  the  law,  we  must  remember  that  then, 
as  now,  the  wheat  was  suffered  to  become 
dead  ripe,  and  dry  as  tinder,  before  it  was 
cut ;  and,  further,  that  the  land  was  tilled  in 
common,  and  the  grain  sown  in  vast  fields, 
without  fence  or  hedge  to  separate  the  indi 
vidual  portions.  A  fire  catching  in  any  part 
and  driven  by  the  wind,  would  consume  the 
whole;  and  thus  the  entire  population  might 
be  stripped  of  their  year's  provisions. —  W.  M. 
Thomson's  The  Land  and  The  Book. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Light  shines  into  the  darkness,  dis 
covering  and  bringing  to  view  the  old  man 
with  his  evil  deeds.  It  is  wonderful  to  view 
the  many  codings,  turnings  and  beautiful 
colorings  that  the  Enemy  will  place  bimsel' 
in  before  us,  thereby  deceiving  many.  Let 
us  lift  up  our  whole  heart  to  Him  who  sitteth 
upon  the  throne  of  God,  humbly  craving  to 
be  clothed  with  his  holy  armor,  that  wo  may 
withstand  all  the  assaults  of  Satan.  Let  us 
be  on  our  guard  and  watch. closely,  for  great 
is  his  fascinating  power  over  those  who 
passively,  willing  to  go  any  way  that  appears 
pleasant.  Oh,  how  my  soul  has  yearned 
towards  such  as  these,  in  the  tender  love  of 
the  dear  Son  of  God,  that  they  may  be  awak 
encd  out  of  their  stupor  before  they  are  caught 
in  the  snares  of  the  great  enemy  of  our  soul's 
peace. 

Dwellers  of  earth  and  professing  Christians 
lift  up  your  voices  to  Almighty  God  in  earnest 
prayer  to  be  delivered  from  the  wrath  to 
come.  Lot  his  voice  be  heard  in  every  heart, 
quickening  into  life  the  spiritually  dead  and 
dying,  so  that  life  may  spring  up  in  those 
hearts  where  sin  has  reigned.  Peace,  be  still, 
says  the  voice  of  love  and  mercy,  lie  low  at 
the  feet  of  Jesus  until  the  storm  is  past. 

Oh  let  us  give  heed  to  the  voice  of  Him 
who  formerly  raised  up  kings  and  princes, — 
He  is  able  to  succor  and  comfort  his  people, 
causing  his  love  to  flow  as  from  vessel  to  ves- 
sel, so  that  we  may  be  formed  anew  in  the 
image  of  our  holy  Redeemer  ;  yea,  He  who 
suffered  us  as  a  Society  to  be  scattered,  is 
able  to  bring  us  back  to  the  purity  of  our 
forefathers,  and  to  gather  us  into  his  holy  in- 
closuro,  where  we  will  be  redeemed  beyond 
the  power  of  the  enemy.  II.  T. 

Mansfield. 

"  What  is  Man."—  Think  of  the  horrors  of 
war;  of  the  destruction  by  intoxicating  drinks; 
of  the  traps  of  vile  literature  set  for  the  young 
and  susceptible;  of  the  robberies,  murders, 
and  assassinations,  with  other  multiplied 
wickednesses,  which  more  or  less  result  from 
these;  and  well  might  we  exclaim  with  the 
Psalmist,  "What  is  man?" 

A  bitter  word  may  make  a  wound  that 
will  never  heal.  A  kind  word  may  win  a 
friend  that  will  never  turn.  A  caution  may 
save  asoul ;  and  yet  silence  is  sometimes  more 


For  "The  Friend." 
'The  Lord  is  a  refuge  and  safe  hiding  place,  where- 
unto  the  righteous  may  run  and  find  safety." 

Our  Captain  is  unconquered, 

His  power  remains  the  same, 
His  armor  is  invincible, 

And  holy  is  his  name. 

Who  would  not  love  and  serve  thee, 

Thou  mighty  one  to  save, 
Who  bears  thy  trusting  children, 

From  the  cradle  to  the  grave? 

We  will  fight  the  battle  bravely 

For  thee,  our  God,  for  thee; 
If  only  just  before  us, 

Thy  foot-prints  we  may  see. 

When  darkness  gathers  round  us, 

And  shuts  the  light  of  day, 
Be  thou  our  guide  and  guardian, 

The  Life,  the  Truth,  the  Way. 

And  when  our  faitb  is  faltering, 

And  there  is  none  to  save  ; 
And  the  billows  all  pass  over, 

Walk  thou  upon  the  wave. 

No  power  can  ever  sever 

Thy  children  from  thy  side: 
If  we  are  only  faithful, 

Thy  arms  will  open  wide. 

If  thou  wilt  but  equip  us 

With  the  armor  of  thy  love, 
We  ask  no  rest  from  conflict 

Until  we  rest  above. 

We  humbly  ask  thy  presence 

In  every  combat  here; 
For  every  cross  is  lightened 

When  thou,  our  God,  art  near. 

Thy  peace  is  more  than  riches, 

Or  any  earthly  store  ; 
For  they  who  love  and  serve  thee, 

Will  never  want  for  more. 

When  thou,  in  boundless  mercy, 

Beyond  all  human  ken 
Dost  hide  thy  face,  in  wisdom, 

Teach  us  to  say,  Amen. 

And  grant  that  we,  thy  children, 
May  love  and  serve  thee  more, 

Tho'  crosses  may  assail  us, 
Until  we  reach  that  shore, 

Where  one  eternal  sunshine, 

Shall  o'er  our  souls  be  cast, 
Where  sin  and  sorrow  never  come,   ' 

But  are  forever  past. 

Coal  creek,  Iowa. 

CHOICE. 

BY   CHARLOTTE   M.   PACKARD. 
One  turning  backward,  though  her  heart  delays, 
To  the  old  sweetness  of  familiar  ways  ; 
One  faring  on,  with  courage  nursed  through  tears, 
To  meet  the  unknown  promise  of  the  years. 

Back  through  the  sunshine,  though  with  loitering 
One  to  unlifteil  shadows  doth  retreat, 
And  Fancy  reads  her  tale  in  briefest  lines  : 
Orpah  returneth  unto  Baal's  shrines  1" 

Little  she  dreams,  the  wise  and  tender  Ruth, 
What  dower  is  hers  of  an  immortal  youth; 
That  into  every  clime,  in  days  afar, 
Her  life  shall  gleam  like  a  pure  Syrian  star! 

Life's  still  recurring  mystery  of  choice; 
One  heeds,  and  one  rejects,  the  inward  voice  ; 
Dimly  may  mortal  vision  trace  the  end, 
How  paths  to  glory  or  to  blackness  trend. 

The  hours  of  Destiny  no  louder  strike, 
Yet  wary  souls  hear  not  all  hours  alike. 
Two  mountain  streams  a  pebble  may  divide; 
This  shrinks  to  sand,  that  finds  the  eternal  tide  ! 

A  Covetous  Man.- 


O  monster  of  a  man !  that 
ng,  and  at  other  times  more  soothing,  can  take  up  the  cross  for  covetousnesa  and 
han  any  word.  |  not  for  Christ.—  }V.  Pant. 


From  the  "  British  Friend."  I 

Spain,  Portugal,  and' Gibraltar  Depicted  b\\ 
George  Pitt,  after  Visiting  those  parts. 
Starting  to  the  minute  of  its  appointe| 
time,  on  the  15th  of  9th  month,  we  left  th| 
London  Docks,  and  for  36  hours,  while  goin| 
through  the  river  and  channel,  it  was  so  call  J 
and  lovely,  one  might  fancy  we  were  on  lan|^ 
in  a  train,  only  it  was  far  more  comfortably 
After  parting  with  the  dear  English  shoreilt 
the  only  two  points  of  land  we  passed  neal 
were  Ushant  and  Pinisterro.  Ushant  is 
French  island,  saucily  projecting  at  the  elbo1  < 
or  corner  as  we  turn  round  at  a  right  anglj 
from  the  North  of  France  into  tho  Atlanta 
Ocean.  Tho  other  point  we  saw  was  FinM 
terre,  and  was,  as  its  name  implies,  finis,  entj 
terre,  earth,  being  the  land's  end,  or  extrero'' 
point  of  Spanish  mainland  on  the  west. 

Cape  Finisterre  was  where  the  great  "Ii 
vincible  Spanish  Armada"  of  130  ships  an 
50,000  men,  sent  by  Spain  to  invade  and  sul 
ugate  England  in  1588,  was  caught  in 
storm  and  lost  many  of  their  ships,  and  n 
ceived  damage  to  many  more,  delaying  thei 
six  weeks.  Ushant  was  where  our  Admin 
Drake  with  a  squadron  cruised,  awaiting  the! 
arrival. 

On  our  third  day  fog  and  then  wind  a] 
peared  ;  our  lightly  laden  ship  danced  as  I 
were,  on  the  waters,  and  for  two  days  mos| 
of  our  ladies  and  some  of  the  wine-drinkin 
gentlemen  were  conspicuous  by  their  absenci 
at  the  lunch  and  dinner  tables.  In  four  an 
a  half  days  we  sighted  Oporto,  but  dared  nc 
cross  the  sandy  bar  for  twenty  hours  longej 
the  rocking  motion  of  the  vessel  at  anchor  oj 
a  choppy  sea  forbidding  much  sleep,  anj 
making  it  difficult  to  hold  on  in  bed,  much  t 
our  amusement. 

The  port  and  town  of  Oporto  lies  on  thj 
River  Douro,  four  miles  from  the  ocean,  whic 
is  so  rocky  and  difficult,  and  so  choked  £ 
its  mouth  by  a  bar  of  sand,  that  in  winte] 
time  ships  have  to  wait  sometimes  for  a  weef 
before  being  able  to  pass  over  it.  When  w) 
passed  several  other  ships  also  went  over,  anj, 
wo  noticed  a  fine  steamer  just  wrecked  o 
the  bar,  and  being  broken  up  by  the  tide,  j 
We  landed  at  6  p.  M.,  on  the  sixth  day  ouj 
at  tho  romantic  and  pretty  city  of  Oporttj' 
the  second  city  of  Portugal,  and  first  in  regari 
to  trade,  with  10S.000  inhabitants.  Oportt 
means  the  port  of  Callao,  an  ancient  town  j 
little  to  the  eastward,  from  which  the  whol 
country  derived  its  name  Portugal,  this  bein 
"ts  chief  port. 

Our  familiar  English  port  wine  is  chief! 
exported  from  here.  The  small  purple  grape 
i  which  it  is  made,  looking  and  tastin 
much  like  our  common  out-door  Fnglis 
Tapes,  which  cannot  always  ripen  here,  av 
ultivated  not  at  Oporto,  but  about  sixt 
liles  inland,  in  the  valley  of  the  River  Doun 
hietly  in  a  space  24  miles  by  12,  yielding  0( 
asionally  70,000  pipes  of  wine  a  year,  twe 
birds  of  which  come  to  England.  Twcnt 
English  merchant  firms  have  wine  vaults  o; 
"  Logos"  along  the  banks  of  tho  river." 

The  town  of  Oporto  is  situated  on 
or  declivity,  that  in  parts  it  can  only  be  aj 
proached  by  stone  steps,  or  zig-zag  incline' 
planes,  boing  too  steep  for  horses  or  carriage 
to  ascend,  which  gives  it,  on  first  approacl 
ing,  a  pleasing  appearance,  like  a  small  Cor 
stantinople.  Hut  it  is  fast  extending  nort 
ind  westward,  where  good  roads  and  tvgi 
larity  prevail. 


THE    FRIEND. 


173 


I  My  wife  asked  a  native  gentleman  on  board, 
who  spoke  English,  to  recommend  us  a  private 
lodging,  not  an  hotel,  telling  him  we  had 
visited  scores  of  chief  cities  all  Europe  over, 
land  always  been  able  to  get  them.  "Don't 
waste  your  time,"  was  the  reply,  "you  may 
:get  them  elsewhere,  but  there  is  no  such 
thing  here.  I  wish  I  could  find  one  for  my- 
j self :  you  must  go  to  an  hotel."  Looking  sad, 
she  came  and  told  me  what  to  expect.  I  re- 
plied, "we  have  been  told  that  many  times, 
i  and  always  got  on  better  ;  have  faith  and  we 
tshall  soon  prove  him  a  false  prophet."  And 
isoit  was,  we  had  not  landed  three  minutes 
|  before  I  noticed  the  words  'Ship  Chandler" 
in  English.  We  went  in  and  found  an  English 
fspeaker,  who  kindly  sent  his  man  with  us  to 
a  nice  clean  lodging  in  the  prettiest  part,  our 
room  window  over-looking  the  town  and 
harbor,  and  for  which  they  charged  the  sum 
of  lid.  a  day  and  night. 

On  first  arriving  at  a  new  country,  every- 
thing feels  strange  and  novel,  and  you  notice 
trifles  more  then,  than  important  and  large 
things  a  day  or  two'after,  when  the  novelty 
wears  off,  so  the  neat  and  peculiar  look  of  the 
roofs  and  fronts  of  many  of  the  houses  at- 
tracted our  attention.  The  roofs  are  pan-tiled  ; 
and  each  tile  painted  white  or  blue  all  round, 
leaving  the  middle  alone  red,  seemed  odd. 
The  fronts  of  the  houses  are  almost  covered 
with  fancy  china  tiles,  like  our  Minton  tiles, 
but  commoner,  so  that  tboy  may  easily  be 
washed  and  made  to  look  clean,  cheerful,  and 
sparkling. 

Women,  with  bare  heads  and  feet  and  scant 
clothing,  of  all  ages,  were  to  be  seen  by  scores 
and  hundreds  carrying  coals  in  baskets  on 
their  heads,  about  half-a-cwt.  at  a  time,  from 
the  coal  barges  13-ing  in  the  harbor,  across 
the  quay  to  wharfs  or  gas  works  beyond, — 
also  carrying  baskets  of  earth  in  a  similar 
way,  up  or  down  the  steep  hills  to  the  govern- 
ment building  in  progress.  I  was  grieved, 
and  thought  tbey  must  have  ignoble  ideas 
about  women  in  Portugal. 

Another  observable  thing  was  frequent 
pairs  of  oxen  yoked  together  by  the  neck 
with  a  piece  of  hard  board  of  ornamental 
shape,  curiously  carved,  drawing  rough  carts 
laden  with  produce  through  the  streets. 

The  poorest  women  generally  go  bare-foot, 
and  wear  short  dresses,  as  though  they  had 
taken  off  their  dresses  and  were  out  in  their 
skirts. 

After  two  nights'  sta_y  we  went  forward  to 
Lisbon,  the  capital  of  Portugal,  by  rail,  204 
miles  distant.  The  trains  both  in  Spain  and 
Portugal  arc  on  the  English  pattern — not  the 
saloon  principle,  but  with  doors  to  each  com- 
partment, opening  at  the  side.  The  people 
and  their  trains  are  slow,  and  do  not  like  to 
be  hurried.  They  were  15  hours  doing  the 
204  miles.  Portugal  is  but  a  small  country, 
350  miles  long  by  100  wide,  and  we  had  a 
good  opportunity  of  viewing  it  as  we  crept 
along  in  the  train,  and  found  it  was  chiefly  of 
a  hilly  or  mountainous  character,  its  plains 
being  besides  its  rivers,  the  Tagus  and  Douro. 
It  was  fairly  cultivated  with  vegetables  and 
with  dwarf  vines  bearing  purple  grapes. 

Olive  trees  flourish  in  great  profusion.  To 
call  them  orchards  or  oliveyards  does  not 
convey  the  idea  at  all.  If  it  was  not  that 
there  is  a  certain  distance  between  each  tree, 
we  might  say  there  are  forests  of  olive  trees, 
for  we  often  saw  dense  patches  of  them  two 
miles  broad  and  four  lont?;  the  olives  were 


all  gathered.  Then  there  were  orange  trees 
in  abundance,  a  large  bushy  roundtree, planted 
regularly,  called  orange  groves.  The  oranges 
ripen  mostly  from  5th  to  8th  mo.,  but  are 
gathered  unripe  to  pack  for  foreign  markets. 
We  did  not  see  a  yellow  orange  in  Spain  or 
Portugal. 

We  passed  in  our  travel  many  cork  trees  ; 
where  they  grow  thick  together  they  are 
called  cork  wToods.  In  appearance  they  re- 
semble our  oak  trees  of  middle  growth.  They 
let  them  mature  before  stripping  the  bark  off, 
for  cork  cutting;  not  only  the  stem  ot  the 
tree,  but  also  a  portion  of  its  largest  branches 
are  stripped  in  this  way,  and  the  tree  does  not 
die  in  consequence,  but  recovers  its  vitality 
again. 

In  this  journey  we  had  a  good  opportunity 
of  seeing  and  estimating  the  country  people. 
To  judge  a  country  by  its  city  folk  is  hardly 
a  lair  criterion.  Cities  attract  foreigners, 
and  the  most  adventurous  and  industrious  of 
the  country  people,  who  come  up  to  better 
their  fortunes  ;  and  in  creating  wealth  they 
introduce  fashion  and  refinement  ;  but  when 
you  get  up  country  you  sec  them  in  their 
nature,  as  the  bulk  of  them  are.  The  picture 
I  had  formed  of  Spanish  brigands  seemed 
realized  in  real  life.  The  train  filled  well, 
and  many  got  in  and  out,  convincing  us  they 
were  uot  exceptional  cases.  The  men  were 
rough,  slovenly,  and  uncouth  as  gipsies — 
Bhaggy  black  hair,  with  profusion  of  whiskers, 
beards  not  troubling  the  razor  much,  round 
ruddy  faces,  dark  skin,  smugglers'  or  long 
woolen  caps  lapping  over  their  shoulders,  and 
tight-fitting  coats  without  tails.  I  had  heard 
that  Spaniards  were  malicious  and  vindictive, 
mostly  carrying  knives  or  daggers  concealed 
in  the  broad  sash  round  their  waist  to  as- 
sassinate any  offender.  After  going  through 
the  country,  I  deny  its  accuracy.  I  believe 
the  ordinary  poor  men  have  good  and  tender 
feelings,  and  would  not  wantonly  injure  a  fel- 
low creature  ;  but  I  also  believe  their  nature, 
propensities,  and  habits  are  of  a  low,  rough, 
ignorant  and  inflammable  order,  so  that  it 
would  not  take  much  tempting  to  dcvclope 
viciousness  and  dishonesty.  They  are  very 
ignorant.     Few  are  educated. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

TENDER    CONCERN    FOR    OTHERS. 

The  tender  love  of  the  Almighty  to  his 
creature  man  is  shown  by  the  warm  feelings 
of  love  and  sympathy  awakened  in  the  hearts 
of  his  servants  even  towards  those  who  have 
proved  unkind  to  them  or  rebellious  to  their 
Lord. 

William  Bail}-,  who  was  an  earnest  minister 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
published  "A  Warning"  to  all  persecutors. 
In  the  preface  he  speaks  of  being  haled  out 
of  the  meeting-houses  at  the  town  of  Pool, 
and  denied  entrance  when  he  desired  to  com- 
municate to  them  the  message  with  which  he 
believed  he  was  commissioned  of  his  Divine 
Master.  "Yet,"  he  says,  "notwithstanding 
all  this  their  rebellion,  hath  the  Lord  in 
mercy  laid  it  upon  me  (whether  they  will 
hear  or  forbear)  to  write  a  few  words,  even 
in  tender  compassion,  with  bowels  and  tears 
of  love,  to  their  captivated  souls,  if  happily 
they  might  return  unto  Him  that  often 
smiteth  them,  before  the  things  of  the  eternal 
peace  be  hid  from  their  eyes." 


Another  tract  by  the  same  author,  entitled 
"  The  blood  of  righteous  Abel  crying  from 
the  ground,"  commences  in  this  pathetic 
strain  :  "  My  heart  within  me  is  broken  be- 
cause of  the  false  prophets  and  persecuting 
rulers,  who  are  found  fighting  against  the 
Lamb  of  God  and  bis  followers.  Alas,  alas  ! 
wo  is  me  because  of  the  misery  that  is  coming 
upon  yon  ;  m}-  heart  is  filled  with  sorrow  and 
mine  eyes  with  tears,  and  my  bowels  are 
turned  within  me,  to  consider  the  day  of  your 
desolation  and  destruction." 

After  Elizabeth  Bathurst  had  been  con- 
vinced of  the  principles  held  by  Friends,  and 
through  faithful  obedience  to  the  Light  of 
Christ  in  her  heart,  had  attained  a  degree  of 
religious  settlement  and  stability;  she  wrote 
an  epistle  to  some  of  her  former  acquaintance 
inviting  them  to  come  and  partake  ot  the 
blessings  she  had  experienced.  She  says, 
that  "The  constraint  which  [the  Lord]  hath 
laid  upon  me  hath  been  so  powerful,  that  my 
heart  hath  been  pained  in  me,  and  my  soul 
hath  been  distressed  for  you,  and  often  have 
I  been  bowed  down  in  spirit,  yea,  till  I  could 
hardly  stand  upon  my  feet,  until  the  Lord 
who  bowed  me  down  raised  me  up,  and  set 
before  me  a  door  of  hope,  whereat  his  prisoner 
in  you  might  be  brought  forth,  which  is  that 
for  which  God's  seed  in  me  hath  travelled 
through  many  tribulations;  and  now  having 
'delivered  mo  from  that  cruel  bondage  of  cor- 
ruption which  I  once  groaned  under,  this 
makes  me  restless  in  my  spirit,  that  others 
may  believe  in  that  inward  power  that  is  able 
to  rescue  from  the  fury  of  their  souls'  op- 
pressor." 

In  the  year  17S4  Job  Scott  paid  a  religious 
visit  to  some  parts  of  New  York  State  and 
'adjacent  places.  At  the  conclusion  of  this, 
I  when  he  set  forward  for  home,  he  says,  "My 
mind  was  much  affected  at  and  after  parting 
with  Friends,  with  great  tenderness  and  tears 
'of  joy,  which,  for  a  considerable  space  of  time 
flowed  copiously  from  mine  eyes.  I  suppose 
I  rode  more  than  a  dozen  miles  under  this 
'sensation,  being  altogether  indisposed  for  con- 
versation. My  mind  was  carried  back  to 
view  the  places  where  we  had  visited  ;  and 
my  soul  was  melted  into  ardent  mental  sup- 
plication for  the  preservation  of  Friends  in 
general,  and  many  individuals  in  particular; 
attended  with  such  endeared  affection  and 
brokenness  of  spirit,  as  has  rarely  been  my 
ilotto  witness  forso  longatime  together.  Oh  ! 
'with  what  heart-felt  fervency  did  I  intercede 
for  the  help  and  preservation  of  the  little 
flock  and  family  up  and  down  in  the  world  ! 
Oh  !  the  earnest  requests  that  I  was  enabled 
to  put  up  for  the  instruction  and  Divine  as- 
sistance of  the  many  messengers  of  the  Lord, 
.who  are  running  to  and  fro  in  the  earth 
'among  the  people;  that  their  labors  may 
prove  successful,  and  benefit  the  souls  of  man- 
kind. Indeed  the  language  of  solemn  suppli- 
cation ran  powerfully  through  my  mind,  with 
a  melting  sensibility  for  all;  that  the  dead 
might  be  raised,  quickened  and  made  alive  in 
that  life  which  is  hid  with  Christ  in  God. 
Many  individuals  of  my  acquaintance,  both 
in  places  where  I  had  visited  abroad,  and 
also  at  home  in  our  own  and  neighboring 
Monthly  Meetings,  came  fresh  into  my  re- 
membrance, with  such  ardency  of  desire,  and 
breathings  of  souls  for  their  growth,  preserva- 
tion and  improvement,  as  will  not  readily  be 
conceived  by  such  as  have  not  felt  the  same. 
Yea,  my  desires  for  them  were  conceived  in  in- 


174 


THE    FRIEND. 


tclligcnt  language  in  the  secret  of  my  soul, 
in  a  number  of  little,  short,  though  sweet  and 
melting  requests  for  one  after  another,  as  the 
Father  of  Spirits  brought  them  to  my  re- 
membrance. Oh  !  how  often  did  it  flow 
through  me  as  a  stream  of  life  on  this  wise  : 
'O  most  mighty  and  omnipotent  Lord  God  ! 
commissionate  thine  holy  angels  to  attend 
and  guard  thy  exercised  pilgrims  through 
this  vale  of  tears.  Let  cherubim  and  seraphim 
encamp  about  and  surround  the  little  host  of 
militants,  thy  wrestling  seed,  while  here  on 
earth,  and  forever  more.'  " 

In  her  Wayside  Service,  Anna  Shipton  re- 
lates a  remarkable  instance  of  loving  and 
long-suffering  service  on  the  part  of  a  Chris- 
tian woman,  who  though  living  in  affluence 
and  having  many  friends,  devoted  herself  to 
the  care  of  an  only  brother,  who  was  a  con- 
firmed drunkard. 

"This  affectionate  and  intelligent  woman, 
strong  in  Him  who  is  able  to  subdue  all  things 
unto  Himself,  left  her  own  pleasant  home, 
and  took  up  her  abode  in  the  poor  drunkard's 
dwelling.  Years  passed  by,  but  they  wrought 
no  change  in  him.  Day  after  day  on  the 
borders  of  the  lake  where  they  dwelt,  she 
might  be  seen  in  the  summer  twilight  follow- 
ing at  a  distance  the  unsteady  steps  of  the 
wanderer,  as  a  mother  would  watch  her  child. 
The  position  which  she  voluntarily  accepted 
sundered  her  even  from  Christian  relation- 
ship. In  the  minds  of  others  all  expectation 
of  any  favorable  results  from  her  self-denying 
service  had  failed  long  since.  Not  so  in  the 
mind  of  a  faithful  disciple  of  Him  who  came, 
to  seek  and  to  save.  When  urged  to  leave 
the  wretched  man  to  his  fate,  and  to  bestow 
her  time  and  abilities  on  more  fruitful  sources 
of  service,  her  reply  was  always  the  same. 
'The  Lord  has  called  me  to  (Ai's  work  ;  there 
is  no  one  else  to  do  it.  (iod  will  give  me  my 
brother's  soul.' 

After  a  few  days'  sudden  illness,  the  Lord 
of  seed-time  and  harvest  called  home  his 
faithful  laborer.  And  some  who  had  known 
her  faith,  and  the  patient,  watchful  care  be- 
stowed upon  one  who  disregarded  it,  said, 
'It  has  been  all  in  vain!  Who  will  watch 
him  now  !  who  will  care  for  him  now?' 

The  grass  was  not  green  upon  her  grave 
not  far  from  the  shore  of  the  lake  where  the 
faithful  woman  trod  so  often  in  faith,  when 
the  brother  so  long  sought  is  found  !  Behold 
him  clothed  and  in  his  right  mind,  sitting  a 
the  feet  of  Jesus,  a  living  testimony  to  th 
power  of  believing  prayer." 

In  the  same  volume  from  which  this  inci- 
dent is  taken,  another  is  recorded  which  illus- 
trates not  only  a  tenderdesire  for  the  spiritual 
good  of  another,  but  also  the  protecting  power 
of  the  Good  Shepherd  who  watches  over  his 
flock. 

A  pastor  in  one  of  the  Swiss  cantons  was 
deeply  interested  in  a  prisoner  condemned  to 
death  for  a  capital  offence.  Every  day  that 
visitors  were  admitted  to  the  prison  lie  was 
allowed  to  pass  an  hour  in  the  condemned 
cell.  Patiently  and  hopefully  he  labored  with 
the  prisoner,  setting  before  him  the  offers  of 
eternal  life,  but  without  visible  result. 

The  day  of  execution  drew  near;  only  one 
day  remained.  lie  eoul.l  notaccount  for  the 
strange  disinclination  he  felt  to  the  service 
be  had  hitherto  diligently  fulfilled.     The  hour 


with  supineness  in  losing  this  last  opportunity 
of  speaking  to  and  reading  with  the  prisoner; 
and  though  the  impression  deepened  in  his 
mind  that  God  willed  not  that  he  should  go, 
he  took  his  hat ;  but  ere  be  crossed  the 
threshold  of  his  house,  a  voice  warned  him — 
"  Go  not."  This  caused  him  to  tarry.  In  a 
conflict  of  feeling  he  passed  the  hour  for  ad- 
mittance ;  but  still  fearful  of  neglecting  a 
duty,  he  rushed  to  the  prison,  believing  that 
under  such  circumstances,  the  rule  as  to  time 
would  not  be  strictly  enforced.  But  ere  he 
reached  the  prison-door,  a  power  he  could 
not  resist,  "suffered  him  not,"  and  he  returned 
to  his  closet,  assured  that  God  could  work 
without  him,  and  that,  in  returning,  he  obeyed 
the  will  of  Him  whom  he  desired  to  serve"! 

The  prisoner  had  determined  to  make  one 
desperate  effort  to  escape.  The  visits  of  the 
pastor  were  between  three  and  four  o'clock  ; 
the  criminal  had  resolved  on  his  entrance 
this  day,  to  spring  on  him,  smite  him  dead, 
and  escape.  As  the  hour  struck,  and  he 
came  not,  the  unhappy  prisoner  grew  wild 
with  disappointment,  and  he  yelled  in  rage. 
The  jailer,  hearing  an  unusual' noise,  entered 
the  cell  abruptly  ;  the  prisoner,  supposing 
him  to  be  his  expected  visitor,  sprang  with 
the  strength  of  despair  upon  his  victim,  and 
smote  him  on  the  head  with  his  fetters.  He 
fell  dead,  while  the  murderer  rushed  to  the 
outer  door  attempting  to  escape,  and  only 
after  a  fierce  struggle  was  captured.  Before 
his  execution  he  confessed  that  ho  had  mur- 
dered the  jailer  in  mistake  for  his  kind  and 
pitiful  visitor. 


bad  struck  which  on  other  days  had 
him  at  the  gate,  of  the  prison,  and  yet  I 
lingered  in  bis  bouse,     lie  upbraided  b 


Tract  Association  of  Friends. 

"  A  number  of  Friends  having  convened  in 
Philadelphia,  on  the  15th  of  ""First  month, 
1816,  to  consider  the  propriety  of  forming  an 
Association  for  the  printing  and  distribution 
of  Moral  and  Religious  Books  and  Pamphlets, 
principally  such  as  explain  and  enforce  the 
doctrines  of  the  Christian  Religion  ;  after 
deliberate  consideration,  united  in  the  belief, 
that  such  an  Association,  under  proper  regu- 
lations, might  be  productive  of  much  good. 
And  as  our  faith  and  principles  are  in  strict 
accordance  with  the  doctrines  of  the  New 
Testament,  and  tend  to  promote  the  present 
future  well-being  of  mankind,  that  many 
serious  persons  are  prepared  to  give  our 
writings  a  candid  and  impartial  perusal ;  and 
believing  that  the  present  is  a  favorable  time 
actively  to  engage  in  spreading  publications 
of  this  nature,  the  following  articles  are  agreed 
upon  for  the  Constitution  and  Government 
of  the  Association,  viz  :"  &c. 

Such  was  the  language  used  in  the  pros 
pectus  of  the  Tract  Association  of  Friends  of 
Philadelphia,  an  organization  which  has  con 
tinned  in  active  operation  now  nearly  sixty- 
eigbt  years.  On  the  10th  of  Second  month, 
lSKI.  a  committee  of  management  was  chosen, 
consisting  of  twenty-five  men  Friends.  The 
same  number  of  managers  was  annually  ap- 
pointed in  the  Thh-d  month  of  each  year, 
rom  1816  to  1826  inclusive.  In  1827  it  was 
reduced  to  seventeen  ;  and  the  practice  has 
continued  of  appointing  the  same  number  of 
managers  without  variation,  every  year  since 

at  t  inie. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  the  Association,  much 


through  the  medium  of  agents  in  the  different' 
Monthly  Meetings.  In  the  city,  the  managers  J 
themselves  personally  supplied  steamboats' 
plying  on  the  Delaware  River,  also  the  city  I 
prisons,  almshouse,  hospitals,  dispensaries  and  I 
schools. 

The  subject  of  forming  Auxiliary  Associa- 
tions claimed  attention  in  the  year  1818,  and 
a   constitution    for    their    government  '  was 
adopted.     In  the  Report  for  1819,  the  mana- 
gers state  that  the  endeavor  to   carry 
measure  into  effect  had  not  met  with  "any 
success,  as  far  as  they  have  yet  learned  ;" 
although  Tract  Societies  of  Friends  in  New 
York  and  Baltimore,  had  purchased  several 
hundred  of  their  publications.     The  Report 
for  1827  states  that  the  managers  have  had 
two  important  subjects  under  consideration  ; 
the  first  is:  "The  circulation  of  our  Tracts 
in   such  parts  of  the  country  where  the 
habitants   from   their  remote  situation   have 
few  opportunities   of  procuring    books,   and 
where    the    Committee    have    no   doubt   our 
Tracts  would   prove  peculiarly  acceptable." 
The  concern  thus  revived,  did  not  take  shape 
until  five  years   later.     At  a   meeting    held; 
Fourth    month    10th,    1832,    a   circular    was- 
adopted  to  be  sent  to  different  parts  of  the 
country,  also  a  constitution  for  the  proposed 
auxiliaries.     As  a  result  of  this  movement  it 
ifl  stated  in  the  Annual  Report  of  1833,  that 
eleven  auxiliaries  were  formed  in  the  States  | 
of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersev,  Dela- 
ware, Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.    In  theFourth 
month  of  1833,  another  circular  was  agreed 
upon,  from  which  the  following  is  extracted  : 
Although  these  brief  monitors  are  pecu- 
liarly acceptable  to  those  whosecircumstancos 
exclude  them  from  the  use  of  many  books, 
yet  it  must  not  be  supposed  that  this  is  the 
only  class  of  persons  they  are  calculated  to 
benefit.      The    mere    circumstance   of    their 
brevity  often  obtains  for  them  a  perusal  from 
those,  who,  having  access  perhaps  to  exten- 
sive   libraries,    are,    notwithstanding,    indis- 
posed from  listlessness  or  want  of  time  to  read 
an  instructive  volume.     The  sceptic  or  the 
profligate  who  would  not  open  his  Bible,  and 
would  turn  away  from  any  religious  work  of 
considerable  length,  might  be  induced  to  re- 
flect on  the  things  which  relate  to  his  ever- 
lasting welfare,  when   presented  within  the 
narrow   compass  of  a   few    unbound    pages. 
These  simple  yet  touching  narratives  which 
exemplify  the  blessed  effects  of  religion  upon 
the  bed  of  sickness  or  of  death,  may  be  the 
means  of  cheering  some  of  the  many   who 
languish  under  adversity  and  disease,  and  of 
pointing   them    to  our   hoh;    Redeemer,   the 
only  refuge  and  hope  of  the  afflicted. 

"It  may  be  further  remarked,  that  there  is 
much  at  the  present  time,  which  should  in- 
terest the  feelings  and  excite  the  exertions  of 
all  the  friends  of  religion.     Sentiments  are  in- 
dustriously propagated  in  various  ways,  the 
tendency  of  which  is  to  sap   the  foundations 
of  piety  and  virtue.     There  are  many  insidi- 
ous publications,  some  of  which  are  calcu- 
'ated  to  draw  away  the  youthful  mind  into 
the    vain   pursuit  of  worldly   pleasures  and 
amusements,  and  others  tending  to  introduce 
i  gloomy  scepticism,  or  cold   and   heartless 
nlidditv.     Is  it  not  in  our  power  in  somo 
measure  to  counteract  this  alarming  and   bi- 
asing evil,   by  giving  our  neighbors  the 
lOl'tunity  of  reading  tracts  which  inculcate 
obligations  of  the  Gospel  ? 
Impressed  with    these   views  which   have 


THE    FRIEND. 


175 


aeon  presented,  we  invito  our  friends  of  both 
sexes  to  aid  the  cause  by  entering  into  Aux- 
iliary Associations.  *  *  *  Weareaware 
;hat  in  many  neighborhoods,  large  assoeia- 
ions  cannot  be  formed,  and  it  is  therefore 
lesired  that  those  who  may  be  willing  to  en- 
gage in  the  work  may  not  be  discouraged  on 


passed  through  a  continuous  field  of  pumice, 
unbroken  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  every 
day  until  the  evening  of  the  12th.  This  must 
have  come  from  Krakatoa. 

Animal  Intelligence. — At  the  north  side  of 
Dublin  there  is  at  Clontarf  a  sea-iiilet  where 
the  water  at  certain  times  of  the  tide  is  very 


,hat  account ;  a  very  small  number  may  be  shallow.  It  was  the  practice  among  the  lad„ 
nstrumental  in  promoting  the  objects  in  view  about,  when  the  depth  of  water  suited  to 
,o  a  considerable  extent,"  wade    out    and    catch    little    flatfish.     These 

lhc  Report  for  1834,  mentions  the  addition  abound  in  great  numbers  and  lie  commonly 
if  three  new  auxiliaries,  and  speaks  with  [on  the  seabed.  The  waders  went  in  bare- 
atisfaction  of  the  co-operation  of  some  women:  legged,  and  wben  they  happened  to  tread 
•nendsinthework.  In  the  period  embraced  upon  a  fish,  kept  the  foot  in  position  until 
>etween  the  years  1835  and  1851,  inclusive, '  they  could  stoop  down  and  secure  their  prey, 
wenty-five  auxiliaries  were  recognized,  mak-  One  of  the  fisher  boys  was  one  day  attended 
rig  in  all,  thirty-nine  of  these  sub-associa-  by  his  dog,  and  when  the  intelligent  creature 
ions,  organized  in  nineteen  years.  The  Re-  saw  the  work  in  which  his  master  was  en 
iorts  show  that  up  to  the  year  1858,  theygaged,  he  proceeded  to  help  him  by  plunging 
rere  supplied  with  about  340,000  Tracts.        [about,  and   whenever  he  felt  a  fish  kept  his 

During   the  five  years  from   1851  to  1855,'paw  upon    it  until   his  master  should   come 
iclusive,  it  appears  that  more  than  one  hun-land  take  it.— H.  McCormac  in  Nature 
red  thousand  Tracts  were  donated  to  "The       Green    Sun.  —  Considerable    interest    was 
entral  Book  and  Tract  Committee  of  Indiana  awakened   bv  a  green  appearance  of  the  sun 


early  Meeting  of  Friends."  The  New  Eng-|  during  a  part  of  several  days  in  the  9th  month 
nd  Iract  Association  of  Friends  purchased  last.  It  was  noticed  in  several  places  in  the 
ore  than  one  hundred  and  thirty  thousand  Fast  Indies,  and  was  probably  due  to  some 
facts  in  six  or  seven  years.  j  peculiar  condition  of  the  atmosphere,  in  con 

|  As  the  doctrinal  troubles  in  the  Society  of  nection  with  the  watery  vapor  present  in  it. 
nends  in  America  of  latter  time  increased, |  Cheap  Bread.— On  the  Devonshire  coast  in 
ae  auxiliaries,  one  after  another,  failed  to  England,  a  sea  grass  (porphyra  laciniata)  is 
lake  report  to  the  parent  association.  The  collected  and  made  into  bread  by  cleansing 
nlargement  of  the  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting  boiling,  chopping,  mixing  with  a  small  nor- 
ommittee  s  labors,  and  publications  of  their  tion  of  oatmeal  and  baking.  This  bread  keeps 
vyn  adopted  in  place  of  those  previously  ob-|  from  four  to  eight  days.  Most  of  it  is  sent  to 
lined  in  Philadelphia;  also  the  operation  of  the  Welsh  town  of  Swansea,  where  the  poore 
idependent  organizations  elsewhere  tended;  people  arc  fond  of  it. 

i  the  same  direction.  For  a  number  of  years)  Vanilla  Pods.  —  Persons  handling  large 
ast  there  bas  not  been  any  attempt  made  to  quantities  of  vanilla  pods  are  very  liable  to 
istribute  the  publications  of  the  Association  experience  a  skin  affection  which  Dr  Sayot 
irough  any  other  medium  than  that  of  in-  finds  is  due  to  contact  with   an  insect  living 


ividual  enterprise  and  interest 
Those  Friends  who  are  now  concerned  in 
le  management  of  "The  Tract  Association 
I  Friends,"  believe  that  the  present  is  a  favor- 
ble  time  to  revive  the  subject.  They  have 
snt  out  a  circular,  with  a  copy  of  one  of  thei 


on  the  pods. 


Items. 


— Perth  of  the  Theatre.— T.  L.  Cuyler  in  a  forcible 
article  on  this  subject  warns  his  readers,  especially 
the  young,  that  the  general  effect  of  theatrical  ex- 


...nnal  Reports,  to  a  considerable  number  of,  hibi'tions  is  to  lower  the  standard  of  moral  purity 
Bends,  in  different  neighborhoods,  inviting,  the  community,  and  to  endanger  the  purity  of  char 
:tention  to  the  formation  of  auxiliaries,  in'  acter  of  those  who  frequent  them.  Scenes  am 
hich  old  and  young,  male  and  female,  can  [  thoughts  which  find  entrance  when  there,  may 
ork  together  in  spread  in 
rge 


g,  male  and  temale,  can  U"IU-IUS  wnicn  nna  entrance  when  there,  mav  so 
•eadino-  a  knowledge  of  stick  t0  the  memory  as  never  to  be  effaced.  "I'd 
fee  of  merabershiD  mav  glvf  ,my  nght  hand'"  said  a  Christian  once,  "if  I 
?    ,,,,1      .       '         '  ,        V  coukl  rub  out  the  abominable  things  that  I  put  into 


Truth.     The  cha 
3  quite  a  small 

rcumstances  are  in  the  way  of  much  pecu-!  wno^upportluch'est^bikhmemrb^Tequendng 
lary  outlay.  This  will  be  left  for  Friends!  them  are  responsible  before  God  for  the  evil  influ* 
judge  of  for  themselves.     The  amount  of  ence  they  exert.     "If  you  become  one  of  its  patrons, 


-only  a   few  cents,  Ifjmf  mhTd  when ' [~to  young  ' 


elections,  once  each  year,  is  expected  to  be 
rwarded  .to  the  Depository,  No.  304  Arch 
root,  Philadelphia.  In  return,  the  auxiliary 
ill  receive  a  liberal  supply  of  Tracts,  and  it 
;sired,  copies  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the 
ssociation. 

Other  Friends  than  those  personally  ad- 
•essed,  it  is  hoped  will  also  avail  th.emselves 
'  this  means  of  sowing  good  seed.  And  al- 
iough  the  fruit  is  not  always  seen,  in  the 
ist  it  has  been  many  times  found  to  have 
sen  promotive  of  much  good  in  guiding  and 
aping  pilgrims  on  their  journey  heaven- 
ard.  From  one  to  four  hundred  thousand 
'  these  messengers  are  now  distributed  every 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Floating  Pumice  Sto?ie.—K.  O.  Forbes,  in 
'ature,  mentions  that  in  sailing  through  the 
■raits  of  Sunda,  on  9th  of  7th   mo.  last,  be 


you  go  into  moral  partnership  with  the  theatre.' 
— By  their  fruits  shall  ye  know  them.— A.  man  who 

had  been  awakened  to  a  sense  of  his  sinfulness  at  a 
camp  meeting  in  Illinois,  went  home  and  publicly 
burned  his  stock  of  pipes  and  tobacco,  amounting 
to  $200  worth. 

Jewish  Consistency. — Lewis  David  Cohen,  a  Jewish 
tradesman  in  London,  declined  to  serve  on  a  coro- 
ner's jury  on  the  ground  that  he  was  forbidden  to 
do  so  by  the  Jewish  law.  As  regards  the  descend- 
ants of  Aaron,  the  high  priest,  the  twenty-first  chap- 
ter of  Leviticus  says  :  "Neither  shall  he  enter  into 
a  house  where  there  is  a  dead  body;"  and  Cohen 
said  he  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Aaron.  He  was 
fined  by  the  coroner,  but  appealed  to  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions,  where  his  objection  was  defended 
by  his  chief  rabbi,  who  had  himself  declined  to  at- 
tend a  thanksgiving  in  St,  Paul's  over  the  recoverv 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  on  the  ground  that  dead 
bodies  were  interred  there.  The  court  remitted  the 
fine  and  excused  the  plaintiff  from  future  service  on 
coroners'  juries. 

— Brewers'  Influence. — A  significant  proof  of  the 


power  exercised  by  the  brewing  interest  in  England  is 
foundin  the  fact  that  within  the  past  month  a  clergy- 
man at  Burton-on-Trent  has  dismissed  his  curate 
because  he  had  published  a  pamphlet  on  the  liquor 
traffic,  and  the  brewers  all  threatened  to  withdraw 
their  subscriptions  to  the  church  societies,  unless  the 
offender  was  dismissed. 

—  The  Old  Catholics.— At  the  recent  Synod  at 
Vienna,  a  hopeful  condition  of  the  Old  Catholic 
movement  in  Bohemia  was  reported  ;  and  it  was 
stated  that  there  was  a  slow  but  visible  growth  of  the 
congregation  at  Vienna.  It  was  resolved  thatacom- 
mission  should  he  appointed  relative  to  a  Catechism 
and  other  works,  upon  which,  also,  the  examination 
of  candidates  for  the  position  of  religious  teacher 
should  be  imposed.  A  lively  discussion  arose  on 
the  question  of  the  administration  of  the  rite  of 
confirmation,  in  view  of  the  famous  order  of  the 
Government  prohibiting  Bishop Eeinkens from  such 
administration  in  Austria.  The  assembly  decided 
in  favor  of  a  remonstrance  to  be  addressed  to  the 
<  iovcrnment. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIRST  MONTH  5,  1S84. 


When  John  Pemberton  was  engaged  in  re- 
ligious service  in  Great  Britain,  he  wrote  to 
bis  friend,  Henry  Drinker,  in  Philadelphia, 
in  the  summer  of  1787,  and  excused  himself 
for  not  having  written  sooner,  by  stating  that 
while  his  dear  brethren  and  sisters  from 
America  had  been  employed  in  the  family, — 
in  visiting  among  the  meetings  of  Friends, — 
ho  had  been  "  like  one  excluded  from  religious 
Society,  and  among  a  people  where  itTwas 
needful  to  keep  the  mind  almost  continually 
bent  in  watchful  care."  "  Amongour  brethren 
we  are  at  more  liberty,  and  the  mind  at  times 
more  unbent;  but  in  the  singular  line  I  have 
been  led    in,  abiding   at    inns  and  among  a 

trange  people,  double  guard  is  requisite." 
A  measure  of  the  same  "  watchful  care."  and 

guard"  over  themselves,  of  which  John  Pem- 
berton speaks,  is  needful  to  be  observed  by 
every  Christian.  Indeed,  it  is  enjoined  by  our 
Saviour,  who  said  to  his  disciples,  "  Watch  and 

ray,  lest  ye  enter  into  temptation."  And 
we  need  it,  not  only  for  our  own  preservation 
from  evil,  but  lest,  through  carelessness,  we 
may  lose  opportunities  of  spreading  the  king- 
dom of  the  Redeemer  among  men ;  and  may 
even  be  the  means  of  throwing  a  stumbling- 
block  in  the  way  of  others.  One  who  believed 
himself  called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
thus  records  his  own  feelings:  "When  I  am 
with  my  boys  at  work,  I  find  it  requires  great 
watchfulness  lest  I  say  or  do  anything  that 
may  produce  lightness  and  vanity  in  them, 
or  show  quickness  of  temper  or  harshness  of 
expression  ;  so  as  to  lay  waste  in  their  minds 
the  precious  testimony  given  me  to  bear." 

A  thoughtful  writer  has  said: — '•  Every 
human  being  who  is  ever  called  to  say  a  word 
of  warning  to  an  erring  creature,  or  of  en- 
couragement to  a  weary  one;  eveiy  father 
and  every  mother  whose  example  and  con- 
versation and  entire  life  to  its  least  detail 
may  affect  the  impressionable  nature  of  their 
child, — God  only  knows  how  deeply  and  abid- 
ingly  i — Jea>  every  mortal  whose  lightest  word 
may  remain  for  years  in  some  capricious 
memory,  and  sway  the  conduct  of  another  at 
some  critical  turn,  is  called  as  seriousl}-  [as  are 
ministers  of  the  gospel]  to  keep  the  vineyard 
at  home,  if  they  would  not  have  it  scatter  the 
slight  seeds  of  mighty  evil  wide  and  far.  .  . 
We  are  all  of  us  watched  by  far  more  eyes 


176 


THE    FRIEND. 


than  we  think  of;  and  spiritual  characteris- 
tics in  us  may  reappear  in  those  who  have  no 
intention  whatever  of  imitating  us,  but  who 
insensibly  fall  into  ways  which  they  continu- 
ally see." 

We  have  received  a  printed  copy  of  the 
Minutes  of  Kansas  Yearly  Meeting  (the 
Larger  Body),  held  at  Lawrence,  10th  month 
12th. 

The  statistical  table  (in  which  there  is  no 
report  from  three  of  the  Monthly  Meetings) 
represents  the  number  of  births  among  the 
members  to  be  155,  and  of  deaths  4G — a 
marked  contrast  with  the  social  condition  of 
some  of  the  Yearly  Meetings  in  older-settled 
sections  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain, 
where  the  deaths  outnumber  the  births. 

The  number  received  into  membership  by 
request  is  stated  to  be  157.  Many  of  these 
accessions  appear  to  be  the  result  of  the  labors 
carried  on  under  care  of  the  "  Committee  on 
Evangelistic  and  Pastoral  work,"  whose  re- 
port mentions  an  addition  to  the  membership 
of  51  in  one  place.  Of  them  the  report  says: 
"These  have  very  little  acquaintance  with 
our  distinctive  principles  or  our  discipline." 
It  may  be  doubted  whether  a  Monthly  Meet- 
ing gains  much  real  strength  or  ability  to  sup- 
port the  discipline  and  extend  the  principles 
of  Friends,  by  thus  introducing  into  its  de- 
liberations an  element  so  poorly  prepared. 

A  request  for  the  establishment  of  two  new 
Quarterly  Meetings  was  referred  to  a  com- 
mittee to  visit  those  making  the  request. 

Min  utes  of  acceptable  attendance  were  given 
to  41  persons  who  had  been  present  at  the 
Yearly  Meeting,  of  whom  32  are  stated  to  be 
ministers. 

Our  attention  has  been  called  to  a  short 
article  on  p.  389,  of  vol.  56  of  "  The  Friend," 
copied  from  the  London  Echo,  referring  to  a 
lecture  by  Dr.  Erlenmeyer,  in  which  reasons 
are  adduced  to  show  that  the  ancient  Jews 
were  probably  left-handed.  In  the  conclusion 
it  says  :  "  Jacob  and  Job  preferred  to  give  the 
pre-eminent  benediction  with  the  left  hand 
instead  of  the  rigbt.  Jacob,  '  knowingly  and 
deliberately,'  laid  his  left  hand  upon  the  head 
of  his  eldest  grand-child."  The  account  of 
the  blessing  of  Joseph's  children  in  the  48th 
chapter  of  Genesis,  shows,  that  though  Jacob 
did  lay  his  left  hand  upon  the  head  of  the 
eldest  born,  yet  that  "the  pre-eminent  bene- 
diction" was  bestowed  upon  Ephraim  the 
younger  child,  on  whose  head  his  right  hand 
was  laid. 

We  think,  therefore,  that  whatever  force 
there  may  be  in  the  other  arguments  of  Dr. 
Erlenmeyer  as  to  the  left-handedness  of  the 
descendants  of  Shem,  tins  part  of  the  Old 
Testament  does  not  prove  his  position. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— During  tlie  first  five  months  of  the 
present  fiscal  year  the  total  internal  revenue  collections 
have  amounted  to  $51,279,438,  being  $11,343,971  less 
than  during  the  corresponding  period  oflasl  year. 

The  report  of  State  Superintendent  of  Schools  Higbee, 


female  teachers,  30.05.  The  average  atlendar, 
pupils  during  the  year  was  957,680;    cosl  of  tu 

So, 190,09 1.74  ;  cost  ,>f  buildings,  tuition,  fuel,  and 
tingencies,  $9,206,336.65;  estimated  value  of  s 
property,  $30,199,636;  school  tax  levied  for  all 


poses,  $5,676,547.57;  estimated  value  of  State  and  in- 
corporated educational  institutions,  $8,847,389.76.  The 
increase  since  last  year  is  as  follows  :  In  schools,  359  ; 
male  teachers,  451  ;  female  teachers,  637  ;  pay  of  female 
teachers,  $176  per  month;  number  of  pupils,  12,335; 
cost  of  tuition,  $329,973.83  ;  value  of  school  property, 
$1,858,076. 

During;  the  past  year  there  were  received  at  this  port 
1,348,959  barrels  of  flour,  5,038,175  bushels  of  wheat, 
7,007,190  bushels  of  corn,  3,410,805  bushels  of  oats, 
214,650  beeves,  21,400  cows,  383,312  hogs,  6S0.417 
sheep,  lS,360bagsof  eloverseed,  13,970  hags  of  timothy- 
seed,  143,235  bags  of  flaxseed. 

The  total  exports  from  the  port  of  New  York,  exclu- 
sive of  specie,  during  1883,  amounted  in  value  to  $350,- 
279,473,  against  $347,807,710  during  1882. 

The  clearings  for  1.S83  in  Chicago,  amounted  to  $2,- 
527,308,000,  against  $2,300,537,0011  in  1882.  The  re- 
ceipts for  1883  were  4,403,983  barrels  of  Hour,  20,313,- 
065  bushels  of  wheat,  74,459,948  bushels  of  corn,  37,- 
800,442  bushels  of  oats,  5,000,420  bushels  of  rye  and 
10,591,619  bushels  of  barley.  The  total  receipts  of  grain 
and  grain  in  flour  have  been  108,015,000  bushels,  and 
the  total  shipments  145,673,569. 

The  skull  dredged  up  at  New  Haven  recently,  and 
taken  for  that  of  a  pterodactyl,  is  pronounced  by  Pro- 
fessor Marsh,  of  Yale  College,  to  be  only  the  cranium 
of  a  dolphin  of  large  size.  Dolphins  of  similar  dimen- 
sions, it  is  said,  have  been  found  before  in  Long  Island 
Sound. 

radford  Miller,  in  favor  of  prohibition  and  "  a  strict 
administration  of  the  city's  affairs  on  a  business  basis," 
been  elected  Mayor  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  over  Allen 
Sills,  who  was  in  favor  of  the  city  deriving  a  revenue 
from  the  saloons.     Both  were  non-partizan  candidates. 

Unclaimed  deposits  to  the  amount  of  fully  a  million 
dollars,  are  said  to  be  lying  in  Massachusetts  saving 
banks. 

Word  comes  from  Worth  county,  Georgia,  that  the 
wells  there  have  been  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  feet  deep, 
but  since  the  drought  they  have  been  increased  tosixty- 
and  seventy-five  feet,  and  now  well-diggers  are  in 
demand  again,  and  the  wells  are  being  made  100  feet 
deep  and  over,  and  even  at  that  depth  only  enough 
water  is  obtained  to  do  the  cooking.  The  streams  are 
all  dry  except  in  a  few  places. 

In  Philadelphia  the  number  of  cases  of  small-pox  in 
18S3  was  785,  a  decrease  of  639  from  last  year;  and 
deaths,  170,  a  decrease  from  1882  of  114. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  425, 
which  was  50  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
35  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
The  number  of  males  was  268 ;  of  females,  217  :  50  died 
of  consumption;  44  of  pneumonia;  21  of  diphtheria; 
20  of  convulsions;  24  of  croup:  16  of  marasmus;  14  of 
scarlet  fever,  and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 

_  During  the  whole  of  the  past  year,  there  were  in  this 
city  2787  deaths  from  consumption;  1282  from  pneu- 
ia;  cholera  infantum,  S77  ;  marasmus,  S16;  convul- 
5,802;  diphtheria,  996;  croup,  500;  scarlet  fever, 
501 ;  old  age,  707,  and  tvphoiu  fever,  579.  Total  num- 
ber of  deaths,  20,070,  being  17  more  than  the  previous 
year. 

Markets,  (6c— U.  S.  4 £' s,  115;  4's,  registered,  124; 
coupon,  125;  o's,  103;  currency  6's,  128  a  135. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
L0|  a  10;  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  9  a  9J  cts.  for  export, 
and  10  a  10J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  inactive  but  firmly  held.  Sales  of  2000 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras  at  $5.25  a  $6; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.90  a  #5;  western  do.,  at 
S5.25  a  SO,  and  patents  at  tO  a  $0.75.  Rye  flour  ruled 
steady  at  $3.75  per  barrel  for  choice. 

Grain.  —  Wheat  was  unsettled  and  rather  lower: 
91100  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.12 
a  $1.12';  No.  2  a  $1.00',  a  $1.11  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  $1.01  per  bushel,  and 
.85,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.00  a  $1.07  12lh  mo., 
$1.00:;  a  $1.07  1st  mo.,  $1.09;  a  $1.10  2d  mo.,  $1.12}  a 
$1.12^  3d  mo.,  and  $1.13  a  $1.10.1  5th  mo.  Corn.— Car 
lots  were  unsettled  :  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  59  a 
61  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow,  and 
at  49  a  56  cts.;  and  20,000  bushels  sail  mixed  at 
a  59-1  cts.  12th  mo.,  59  a  Oo  cts.  1st  mo.,  00;  a  0U 
id  mo.,  0U  a  03  els.  3rd  mo.,  and  03  a  05  cts.  5th 
Oats.— Car  lots  were  firm.     About  12,000  bushels 

in  lots  at  38  a  41  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to 

ity,  and  3,0,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  39 j  a  III.1,  cts. 

■>   |n'i   ■'  '"'j  Ota.  1st  .,  4J.1  a  .|]  I  ct8,  2d  mo.. 

I:;  el     3d  mo.,  and  l:;  a  bids.  5th  mo.    Rye  was 
langed.     Small  sales  are  reported    at   05  cts.  per 


Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  12t 
mo.  29th,  1883.— Loads  of  hay,  65  ;  loads  of  straw,  15 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts. 
$1.00  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  rather  dull,  but  prices  were  withou 
essential  change :  2800  head  arrived  and  sold  at  th 
different  yards  at  5  a  1\  ets.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged  :  10,00' 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  3  a  5|  and  lambs  at  4  a  7 
cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  dull  :  5000  bead  arrived  and  sold  8  a  8 
cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— The  Cairo  correspondent  of  the  Time 
says  that  the  administration  of  Egypt  during  the  pas 
year  has  been  a  failure.  The  sole  remedy  is  either  th' 
abandonment  of  English  interference  or  the  acceptance 
by  England  of  some  responsibility.  There  is  reason  b 
believe;  says  the  correspondent,  that  this  convictioi 
has  already  been  forced  upon  the  English  Governmenlj 

Le  Paris  (  newspaper)  states  that  definitive  agreemen 
has  been  concluded  between  the  Suez  Canal  Compan 
and  British  ship  owners  upon  terms  which  are  statel 
to  be  satisfactory  to  the  company. 

Admiral  Peyon,  Minister  of  Marine,  has  received  de 
spatches  from  Admiral  Courbet,  dated  Hanoi,  12th  mc 
20th.  Admiral  Courbet  states  that  he  returned  t 
Hanoi  after  the  capture  of  Sontay,  a  fall  in  the  rive 
having  prevented  an  immediate  attack  on  Hong-HoE 
French  troops  occupy  Sontay  and  the  forts  on  the  rive 
in  strong  force. 

The  London  Times  says  it  has  the  best  authority  fo 
saying  that  China  wants  peace,  and  that  if  France  w.r" 
return  to  her  original  policy  in  Tonquin  and  abstai 
from  further  hostile  action  on  the  Red  River,  a 
agreement  is  almost  certain;  that  China  wilfabat 
some  of  her  first  pretensions  if  France  will  show  a  cor 
ciliatory  spirit;  also  that  the  Government  of  Chins 
seeing  that  the  countries  well  disposed  towards  her  ar 
desirous  for  a  settlement  of  the  question  whether  Tor 
quin  is  a  Chinese  dependency,  is  ready  to  recogniz 
accomplished  tacts  and  to  negotiate  upon  the  basis  c 
the  status  quo.  But  the  establishment  of  this  positio 
involves  the  cessation  of  further  naval  and  m" " 
movements  beyond  merely  defensive  ones,  and  abov 
all,  understanding  that  Bac-Ninh  must  not  be  assailet 
So  much  China  is  prepared  to  concede. 

If  France  responds  to  her  well-meant  concession: 
she  will  not  stop  to  consider  how  far  her  present  att 
tude  may  tally  with  her  original  position,  when  sli 
insisted  upon  the  full  letter  of  her  rights.  The  norther 
bank  of  the  main  navigable  branch  of  the  Red  Riv* 
represents  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  Chinese  concession 
China  believes  that  she  can  secure  her  rights  as  eflectl 
ally  with  Quang-Yen,  Bac-Ninh  and  Laokai  in  h« 
possession,  as  France  with  Hai-Zhong,  Haidjuong  an 
Hanoi.  The  question  of  the  permanent  retention  < 
Sontay  should  be  submitted  to  ihe  arbitration  of  a  thir 
party. 

Uhe  Times  adds:  "The  rejection  by  the  French  i 
these  otters  must  result  in  the  triumph  of  the  ant 
foreign  party  in  Pekin.  China's  desire  for  peace  bein 
sincere,  the  Powers  interested  should  offer  their  medh 
tion  collectively." 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
The  Committee  in  charge  of  this   Institution  wi 
meet  in  Philadelphia  on  the   11th   day  of  the  Fir. 
month,  1S84,  at  11  A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Instruction  and  the  Committee  0 
Admissions  meet  the  same  day,  at  9  A.  M. 

War.  Evans,  Clerk. 


Married,  12th  mo.  21st,  1883,  at  Friends'  Meetin; 
Ridge,  near  Barnesville,  Ohio,  John  G.  Hall,  of  Ea 
Carmel,  Col.  Co.,  Ohio,  son  of  John  and  Hannah  Hal 
of  England,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  Jesse  K.  and  Eliz. 
beth  Livezcv,  of  the  former  place. 


DlEI 


io.  20th,  1883,  Benjamin  Warner,  ill 
the  67th  year  of  his  age,  a  member  of  Muncy  Month!  yt| 

Meeting  of  Friends.  His  daughter,  Rachel  F.  Mej 
denhall,  wife  of  Charles  E.  Mendenhall,  died  8th  in 
Ith,  1880,  in  the  27th  year  of  her  age,  a  member 
Muncy  Monthly  Meeting. 

,  12lb  mo.  4th,  1883,  at  her  residence  in  Pleasai  IK 

Plain,  Iowa,  ELIZABETH  T.,  daughter  of  I.  IL  at  L 
Rebecca  Crumley,  and  wife  of  Aaron  Burgess,  aged  I  i" 
years,  an  esteemed  member  of  Spring  Dale  Month  '" 
Meeting  of  Friends  (recently  organized. I  This  de; 
woman  was  of  a  meek  and  humble  disposition  from 
child,  and  all  through  life  gave  us  a  living  example  kg 
quiet  submission  to  the  will  of  her  Master. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FIRST  MONTH  12,  1S84. 


NO.    23. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

scriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

T   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Sarah  B.  Upton. 

(Continued  from  page  170.) 

To  this  partial  privation  of  hearing  was 
gradually  added  the  partial  loss  of  sight,  and 
,be  nerves  of  the  ears  and  eyes  being  the 
;eat  of  the  trouble,  all  efforts  for  restoration 
proved  unavailing.  Of  this  added  privation 
she  writes,  in  1861,  to  M.  A.  W. :  "  I  was  sorry 
,o  hear  of  A.  U.'s  accident,  it  was  more  like 
Tie  than  her,  for  my  sight  is  so  poor  now  that 
[  often  stumble  over  things,  and  last  fall  was 
{nocked  down  by  horses  in  Poughkeepsic, 
ind  hurt  a  good  deal,  but  mercifully  preserved 
Tom  serious  injury.  The  horses  came  out  of 
in  alley  and  turned  suddenly  round  as  I  was 
irossing  the  street.  Before  I  crossed,  I  looked 
joth  up  and  down  the  street,  as  I  always  do, 
ind  saw  nothing  in  my  way.  If  Providence 
lid  not  watch  over  us  what  would  become  of 
is !  I  am  a  firm  believer  in  special  Provi- 
lences,  and  I  doubt  not  when  %ve  are  favored 
;o  enter  that  life,  which  is  exempt  from  sick- 
ness and  sorrow,  wo  shall  be  enabled  to  see 
many  escapes  and  preservations  in  this  state 
if  trial,  of  which  we  are  not  now  aware. 

"  Instead  of  going,  as  I  proposed,  to  Phila- 
delphia last  winter  I  had  a  very  severe  illness 
with  typhoid  pneumonia,  and  was  exceedingly 
prostrated  and  confined  many  weeks  to  bed. 
[  hope,  my  dear,  thou  wilt  be  able  to  read 
this  poor  scrawl,  my  hand  is  weak  and  my 
sight  so  poor  that  it  is  quite  an  undertaking 
For  me  to  write  a  letter.  As  we  near  the  end 
Df  our  time  here,  it  feels  to  me  of  little  im- 
portance what  we  have  to  endure,  compared 
to  a  preparation  for  that  better  country  we 
aspire  to,  and  our  blessings  are  so  many,  that 
it  is  better  to  look  at  them,  than  at  the  thorns 
that  obstruct  our  path." 

Well  for  her.  perhaps,  that  she  could  not 
3ee  when  she  wrote  the  above,  that  twenty 
years  were  still  before  her,  and  though  it  soon 
became  necessary  for  her  to  dictate  her  letters, 
and  to  be  attended  constantly  in  the  streets, 
yet  she  regained  her  wonted  cheerfulness, 
and,  adapting  herself  to  the  position,  her  ac- 
tive mind  still  found  methods  for  continued 
usefulness.  Her  strength  too,  was  sufficiently 
restored  to  enable  her  to  be  the  almost  con- 
stant attendant  of  the  declining  years  of  her 
husband,  and  to  watch  faithfully  by  him 
through  a  long  and  painful  illness,  to  the 
close  of  his  life  in  1863.  The  loss  of  a  com- 
panion so  congenial,  religiously  and  intellectu- 


ally, was  followed  by  renewed  physical  pros-  1868 — a  change  of  residence  had  been  under 
tration,  and  severe  suffering,  which  resulted  contemplation,  though  she  had  not  been  able 
in  the  entire  loss  of  one  eye.  But  again,  after  to  see  with  clearness  how  to  make  the  change, 
months  of  confinement  to  darkened  rooms,  And  now,  though  her  means  would  have  war- 
she  rallied,  and  again  was  her  home  opened  ranted  a  larger  establishment,  it  was  because 
to  its  various  guests.  Though  tirm  and  un-  she  believed  that  the  pointing  of  the  Divine 
wavering  in  her  own  convictions  that  the  ringer  was  to  that  cottage,  that  there  she 
principles  of  the  religious  Society  to  which  | calmly  arranged  her  affairs  in  the  narrowed 
she  belonged  are  primitive  Christianity,  and  sphere,  still  with  an  eye  to  her  accountability 
firmalsoin  her  belief  that  she  had  been  guided  as  a  stewardess  of  time,  strength  and  posses- 
by  the  Spirit  of  Truth  out  of  conformity  torsions. 

many  of  the  usages  of  the  world,  and  also  of  j  Though  thankfulness  for  the  safety  of  the 
the  usages  of  many  other  Christians,  like  lives  and  health  of  her  family,  and  for  bless- 
John  Woolman,  she  could  and  did  ssxy,  that  ings  left  her,  so  filled  her  heart  that  no  mur- 
she  felt  "  no  narrowness  as  to  sects;"  and  she'mur  escaped  her,  and  she  had  said  only,  as 
numbered  among  her  warm  personal  friends  she    watched    the    devouring   flames:    "My 


the  earnest  and  sincere  of  various  denomina- 
tions, and  could  love  all  those  who  loved  the 
dear  Saviour,  while  not  unfrequcntly  would 
she  say  that  she  loved  to  think  that  the  re- 
deemed in  heaven  came  from  "every  nation, 
kindred,  tongue  and  people." 

Of  her  own  branch  of  the  church  militant 


beautiful  home!"  and  though  she  went 
falteringly  through  all  the  fatigue  of  the 
change  of  abode,  yet  the  escape  from  a  burn- 
ing house  at  midnight  to  find  herself  in  the 
morning  homeless,  and  destitute  of  nearly 
every  personal  belonging,  conducive  to  com- 
fort, could  not  fail  to  tax  severely  her  frail 


she  wrote  thus  to  her  friend  E.  E. :  "  As  far  system,  at  seventy  years  of  age,  and  the  strain 
as  I  am  able  to  discover  from  reading  the  his-  resulted  in  a  long  illness  which  virtually  ter- 


tory  of  the  Society,  and  the  lives  of  many  of 
the  worthies  who  have  gone  before  us,  there 
have  been,  in  every  age  of  the  Church,  trials 
and  difficulties  of  various  kinds,  so  that  in 
each  successive  generation  the  faithful  stand- 
ard-bearers have  been  weighed  down  with 
their  attendant  exercises.  But  we  see  how 
the  Lord  sustained  and  bore  them  through 
all,  and,  to  the  praise  of  his  grace,  finally 
made  them  more  than  conquerors  through 
Him  that  loved  them.  And  so  it  will  con- 
tinue to  be,  so  that  amid  the  floods  of  dis- 
couragement that  at  seasons  seem  ready  to 
overwhelm,  we  may  yet  look  forward  with 
hope  that  through  all  we  shall  be  kept  alive, 
and  in  the  end  have  to  acknowledge  that 
though  all  these  things  seemed  against  us, 
they  have  redounded  to  our  sanctification  and 
the  glory  of  Him  whom  we  desire  to  serve." 
Though  her  heart  was  ever  prayerfully 
with  her  own  branch  of  the  Church,  and  her 
influence  in  it  could  not  have  been  lost,  yet, 
prevented  as  she  was  by  physical  disabilities 
from  active  outside  work  in  conjunction  with 
Friends,  her  usefulness  for  the  Master  whose 
service  she  loved  above  all  things  else,  was 
doubtless  greatest  in  the  social  sphere,  and  in 
quiet  deeds  of  charity.  Towards  this  end 
her  household  arrangements  and  her  disposi- 
tion of  time  and  strength,  were  all  directed 
and  continued  to  be  directed  after  her  beau- 
tiful home  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  she  had, 
with  her  only  sisterand  her  surviving  adopted 
daughter,  established  herself  fortherest  of  her 
life — as  it  proved — in  a  cottage  at  Woodbury, 
N.  J.,  near  Philadelphia.  This  locality  was 
selected  partly  because  it  was  the  residence 
of  the  mother-aunt  of  her  childhood,  now  near 
the  close  of  her  long  life,  and  it  gave  the  sis- 
ters the  enjoyment  of  her  society  for  her  few 
remaining  days.  But,  for  sometime  before 
this  fire — which  took  place  in  the  autumn  of 


minated  active  outside  life.  For  the  future, 
those  only  who  watched  her  closely  could 
know  how  still  went  forth  from  that  cottage 
home,  and  that  often  darkened  sick-room,  sub- 
stantial cheer  to  the  struggling  poor,  material 
comforts  to  friends,  and  counsel  and  intel- 
lectual encouragement  to  old  and  young,  as 
many  a  warm  woolen  wrap  knitted  beauti- 
fully by  her  when  she  could  only  feel,  and  not 
see  her  work,  many  books  and  toys  for  the 
little  ones,  many  a  book  of  reference,  or  other 
bright  and  useful  literature  for  isolated  brain 
workers,  could  testify.  It  was  surprising  too, 
how  many  people  that  little  house  could  hold, 
when  she  was  well  enough  to  see  her  friends, 
and  how  many  persons  she  would  think  of  to 
whom  a  sojourn  with  her  would  be  a  refresh- 
ment, and  how  brightly  often,  after  a  day  in 
bed  she  would  converse  in  the  evening  with 
some  guest  who  had  passed  the  day  in  the 
city,  or  with  the  kind  friends  who  loved  to 
gather  round  and  keep  her  informed  of  pass- 
ing events  of  interest,  and  to  draw,  in  return, 
on  her  store-house  of  narrative,  humor  and 
solid  information.  Though  she  told  many  a 
quaint  tale  of  travel  in  days  of  stage  coach 
and  canal  boats,  and  of  sojourns,  in  the  sum- 
mer rambles  of  her  youth,  at  out  of  the  way 
mountain  inns,  where  perhaps  the  house  was 
innocent  of  teacup  or  goblet,  and  the  thirsty 
guest  would  have  a  pan  of  milk  with  a  ladle 
handed  him,  yet,  unlike  many  aged  persons, 
she  did  not  dwell  in,  or  on  the  past,  but  went 
on  with  the  age,  and  would  laugh  as  heartily 
as  the  youngest,  at  anything  really  amusing 
in  the  present,  and  feel  as  much  interest  as 
any  one  in  the  latest  book  (if  she  thought 
there  was  "  any  bread  in  it")  or  in  the  latest 
discoveries  in  science.  Her  memory  had  al- 
ways been  remarkable,  and  at  eighty  was  so 
retentive  that  she  could  learn  and  repeat  long 
new  poems;  on  her  eighty -fourth  birthday, 


178 


THE    FRIEND. 


she  repeated  to  some  friends,  "Disappoint- 
ment," by  Frances  Ridley  Havergal,  though 
she  had  been  able  to  read  it  only" by  the  aid 
of  a  powerful  magnifying  glass. 

(To  be   concluded.) 


From  the  "  British  Friend." 

Spain,  Portugal,  and   Gibraltar   Depicted   by 
George  Pitt,  after  Visiting  thoseparts. 

(Continued  from  page  173.) 

We  arrived  at  Lisbon  at  9  P.  M.,  and  stayed 
four  days.  Its  population  is  a  quarter  of  a 
million  ;  it  is  six  miles  long  and  two  wide. 
Its  appearance  is  picturesque,  being  built  in 
and  on  a  semi-circle  of  hills  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  river  Tagus,  12  miles  from  the  ocean, 
the  river  being  two  miles  wide  opposite  the 
city,  so  as  to  form  a  safe  bay  capable  of 
anchoring  all  the  fleets  of  Europe.  It  has  a 
castle  commanding  tine  views — an  old  cathe- 
dral, and  200  churches  (so  called);  one,  hit. 
Roque,  having  a  silver  chapel  inside,  which 
cost  a  million  sterling;  and  another  called 
Estrella  in  the  English  quarter,  built  in  shape 
like  St.  Peter's  at  Rome.  There  is  a  flue 
royal  palace,  three  miles  out,  called  Ajuda, 
King  Ferdinand's  seat. 

It  is  a  great  centre  for  calling  steamships 
to  all  parts,  including  Madeira,  belonging  to 
Portugal,  and  South  America  and  Africa, 
it  and  Spain  have  colonized  possessions. 


About  20  miles  from  Lisbon  are  the  lines  of 
Torres  Vedras,  or  Green  Towers,  where  the 
Puke  of  Wellington  constructed  five  lines  of 
formidable  fortifications  to  oppose  the  great 
Napoleon's  army,  which,  being  able  to  hold,  it 
proved  ultimately  the  turning-point  in  eject- 
ing him  entirely  from  Spain  and  Portugal. 

As  to  Portuguese  money,  a  little  seems  to 
go  a  long  way.  Their  standard  coin  is  Reis, 
twenty  of  which  are  worth  about  a  penny. 
England's  standard  coin  is  a  sovereign.  In 
France  it  is  a  franc,  or  about  lOd.  Germany 
has  a  mark,  or  Is.  ;  Italy  a  lire,  or  lOd.  ;  Spain 
a  peseta,  or  10d.,  &c.  In  Lisbon  you  may  see 
a  watch  or  other  article  of  jewelry  ticketed, 
say  at  10,500  Reis,  and  think  what  a  precious 
gem  it  must  be  ;  whereas,  when  you  come  to 
turn  it  into  vulgar  English,  it  means  a  matter 
of  46  shillings.  I  am  glad  to  notice  in  my 
foreign  travels  that  the  decimal  system  of 
coinage  is  getting  patronised  over  Europe, 
most  of  their  coins,  often  called  cents,  being 
decimals  or  multiples  b}-  ten  of  their  unit  or 
standard  coin,  which  greatly  facilitates  and 
simplifies  calculations  and  business  trans- 
actions. A  heavy  duty  on  imported  articles 
makes  most  things  very  dear,  scarce,  and  in 
ferior,  provisions  iueluded  ;  and  luxuries,  oi 
anything  but  the  barest  necessaries,  seldon 
come  to  the  lot  of  the  poor.  There  are  somi 
exceptions.     I   went  into  their  market,  and 


whe 

But  perhaps  to  the  outer  world,  and  England  seeing  some  Portugal  oysters,  such  as  have 
in  particular,  Lisbon  is  most  famous  for  tbejbecn  lately  introduced  into  London  and  sold 
"Great  Earthquake"  which  occurred  there  in 'at  Is.  a  dozen,  with  very  rough,  ugly-shaped 
1755,  on  lstof  11th  mo.  at  9.35  a.m.  I  suppose  shells,  I  tried  them.  Showing  a  silver  coin 
it  is  the  greatest  earthquake  on  record,  as  it,  worth  5UI.,  I  intimated  my  desire  of  eating 
destroyed  in  six  minutes  thirty  thousand  the  worth  of  it  in  oysters.  They  gave  me  37. 
lives,  all  the  public  buildings,  and  six  thousand  |  Meeting  a  poor  man  one  morning,  on  going 
private  houses  ;  and  the  loss  of  property  was  to  get  a  sea  bath,  with  a  basket  of  fresh- 
estimated  at  20  millions  sterling.  There  had  |  gathered,  bursting  ripe  figs,  I  showed  Id.  coin, 
been  earthquakes  in  Lisbon  eight  times  pre-  and  wanted  it  in  tigs.  lie  gave  me  26,  big  as 
viously — the  first  in  1000 — one  in  1539,  when  largo  hen's  eggs,  or  about  a  quarter  peck.  In 
the  shocks  lasted  three  days,  and  another  in  the  Paris  markets  they  ticket  them  as  cheap 
1579,  when  several  streets  were  thrown  down,  at  Id.  each.  Seeing  some  very  fine  white 
But  the  great  one  was  awful.  In  the  Tagus, 'grapes  at  a  small  shop,  I  showed  Id.  and  re- 
a   mile  away,  and  in  deep  water,  the  ships  ceived  two   bunches  weighing  11   lb.,  and  a 

farthing  out. 


actually  touched  the  ground,  the  bed  of  the 
river  rising.  A  new  quay  with  hundreds  of 
persons  on  it,  sunk  to  an  unfathomable  depth, 
and  not  one  of  the  dead  bodies  floated  to  the 
surface.  About  noon  the  same  day  another 
shock  occurred,  during  which  the  walls  of 
the  few  houses  remaining  were  seen  to  open 
about  a  foot,  from  top  to  bottom,  and  close 
again,  so  as  to  leave  no  mark  of  the  fissure. 
The  same  earthquake  was  felt  mostly  over 
Portugal  and  Spain. 

One  curiosity  wo  felt  rewarded  in  making 
great  exertions  to  see,  is  their  Aqueduct.  All 
through  Spain  and  Portugal  fountains  are 
scarce  ;  and  to  supply  the  cities,  they  have 
to  bring  the  water,  as  in  this  case,  many 
miles  over  hill  and  dale.  The  remarkable 
part  of  it  is  at  the  back  of  the  town,  about 
four  miles  from  the  centre,  where  the  sub- 
stantial aqueduct,  crosses  a  wide  and  deep 
ravine  on  35  massive  arches  2,500  feet  long, 
the  centre  one  being  240  feet  high  and  110 
feet  wide,  said  to  be  the  highest,  arch  in  the 
world.  To  stand  under  and  look  up,  it  is 
very  grand  and  imposing.  It  was  erected  in 
1738,  and  is  so  massive  that,  the  earthquake 
displaced  but  one  stone  in  the  principal  arch. 
It  would  seem  the  Portuguese  were,  like  the 
ancients,  ignorant  of  the  first  principles  of 
hydraulics,  that  water  rises  to  its  own  level, 
which  has  with  us  superseded  the  necessity 
of  these  immense  structures. 


They  make  some  excellent  bread,  and  all 
through  Spain  as  well.  It  is  from  the  best 
flour,  white  nearly  as  snow,  or  as  white  as 
the  Austrian  white  bread,  but  not  spongy  as 
that  is;  it  is  solid  and  extremely  fine.  If  it 
had  a  little  sugar  in  it,  it  would  cat  much 
like  an  Aberneth3T  biscuit.  Of  course  Spanish 
onions  are  abundant. 

As  to  the  language,  Portuguese  ami  Spanish 
are  nearly  alike;  the  first  has  fewer  conso- 
nants, and  is  softer  and  easier.  Both  of  them 
seem  to  come  nearest  to  Italian,  but  difficult 
for  English  novices.  The  better  half  of  what 
we  saw  written  up  in  Spanish  we  could 
shrewdly  guess  at,  because  of  their  deriva- 
tions being  in  part  or  whole  what  we  are 
familiar  with.  My  wife  is  a  decent  French 
and  German  scholar,  and  thought  she  would 
like  to  learn  a  little  Spanish,  so  on  the  voj-age 
studied  some  useful  phrases  from  an  ample 
vocabulary.  When  the  time  came  for  airing 
her  Spanish,  cither  the  words  were  forgotten, 
or  she  had  not,  the  righl  native  twang;  so  wc 
abandoned  the  linguist  business  in  despair, 
and  negotiated  our  wants  and  compliments  in 
the  primitive  alphabet,  finding  no  difficulty 
in  being  understood  when  wants  arose.  A 
gesture,  a  nod,  a  look,  a  glance,  or  a  smile, 
Often  spoke  the  substance  of  many  words,  and 
made  mind  correspond  with  mind,  and  heart 
with  heart.     It  is  like  looking  at  a  picture  or 


plan,  the  eye  realizes  at  a  glance  the  position,  | 
outline,  and  meaning  of  what  it  would  take  a  j 
multitude  of  words  to  convey  to  the  mind.  J 
In  fact,  thus  to  speak  without  words  consti-  ) 
tutes  to  me  one  of  the  greatest  charms  and  j 
interests  of  travelling  in  foreign  lands.  It 
proves  to  me  there  is  a  language  without 
words  and  before  words. 

We  went  by  boat  from  Lisbon  to  Gibraltar, 
occupying  two  nights  and  one  day.  About 
20  miles  before  turning  the  corner  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  into  the  Mediterranean  Sea, 
through  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  we  passed 
Cape  Trafalgar,  off  the  Spanish  coast,  where 
Lord  Nelson,  on  the  21st  of  10th  mo.,  1805, 
gained  a  complete  victory  over  the  combined 
fleets  of  France  and  Spain,  in  which  Nelson 
was  killed. 

Gibraltar,  the  famous  key  or  front  door  to 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  which  has  a  popula- 
tion of  28,000,  including  a  garrison  of  5000, 
is  one  of  the  pillars  of  Hercules,  has  belonged 
to  the  British  since  1704,  and  is  1650  mUes 
from  London.  It  is  really  in  Spain,  being 
joined  to  the  Spanish  mainland  by  a  narrow 
strip  of  sandy  marsh  less  than  a  mile  wide, 
and  one-and-a-half  in  length,  called  the  Neu- 
tral ground.  It  is  literally  a  vast  rock,  and 
nothing  more,  of  hard  grey  marble,  about  3 
iniles  long,  1  of  a  mile  wide,  and  1200  to  1400 
feet  high.  It  is  the  most  formidable  fortress 
j  in  existence,  being  terraced  with  guns  on  the 
one  only  sloping,  or  town  side,  and  on  the 
'others  almost  perpendicular.  It  is  surround! 
ed  by  water  on  three  sides,  and  the  fourth  is 
the  neutral  ground  spoken  of.  It  is  as  if  it 
had  dropped  from  the  sky,  or  risen  from  the 
!sea,  just  in  the  right  place  to  defend  the  pass, 
lor  entrance  into  the  Mediterranean  sea.  It 
!has  no  spurs  or  low  crags  like  most  rocks, 
but  is  upright  almost  from  its  base.  Its  nam© 
ought  to  be  U-shant,  for  whoever  holds  it,  and 
ialso  holds  the  sinews  of  war,  can  say,  if  they 
: choose,  to  all  the  world,  "  Your  ships  shant 
pass  in  to  this  sea,"  and  they  won't  dare  to. 
j'Thej'  mount  1000  guns,  and  some  of  them 
1 100-ton  guns.  The  distance  across  the  Straits 
■to  Africa  is  15  miles. 

Knowing  its  supreme  importance,  desperate 
efforts  have  been  again  and  again  made  to 
wrest  it  from  us,  but  in  vain.  In  1727  the 
Spanish  attacked  it  with  23,000  men,  and  be- 
sieged it  many  months.  The  last  and  most 
'determined  siege  was  in  1771*  by  the  Spanish, 
land  French  armies  combined, — the  siege  last- 
ing four  years;  in  the  third  year  of  which,  a 
supreme  effort  was  made  to  take  it  by  storm 
with  an  army  of  40,000  men  attacking  it  by 
land  and  sea,  using  engines  of  destruction 
previously  unknown,  which  were  repulsed  and 
destroyed  by  the  garrison,  with  red-hot  shot, 
I  In  giving  these  particulars,  let  it  not  bo 
thought  1  favor  wars  and  fightings,  for  I 
abhor  them  heart  and  soul.  I  simply  describe 
the  present  aspect  of  points  in  my  travelsj 
and  the  historical  events  making  them  re- 
markable. Gibraltar  has  been,  and  might 
again  be,  a  wonderful  place  for  the  gunpowder 
and  shot  business.  Christians  (so-called)  be- 
lieve in  the  Scripture  in  theory,  but  in  prac- 
tice ihe\  believe  in  thegreal  guns  (and  plenty 
of  (hem),  and  in  awful  engines  of  destruction 
to  destroy  men's  lives  wholesale.  With  their 
lips  they  extol  Jesus,  who  said  He  came  to 
save  men's  lives,  ami  that  his  disciples  could 
not  fight;  and  with  their  hearts  and  hands 
they  destroy  men's  lives  by  thousands  iii  ihe 
most  cruel  way.  if  they  offend  their  vain  glory 


THE    FBIEND. 


179 


or  thwart  their  worldly  interests.     Curious 
Christianity  !     Fie  on  it ! 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

The  outward  Israel  had  to  fight  their  out- 
ward enemies  and  overcome  them,  before  they 
could  enter  or  enjoy  the  outward  land  of 
promise.  Although  there  were  giants  in  the 
way,  yet  they  had  to  be  overcome,  or  driven 
out,  before  they  could  inherit  "  the  good  land 
that  is  beyond  Jordan  ;  that  goodly  mountain 
and  Lebanon." 

But  their  battles  were  outward,  "  with  con- 
fused noise,  and  garments  rolled  in  blood," 
with  outward  burning  and  destruction  ;  while 
the  Christian's  battle  is  with  that  fire  which 
burns  inwardly,  "as  an  oven,"  until  all  that 
does  wickedly  or  belongs  to  the  enemy's  king- 
dom, shall  become  as  stubble  and  be  trodden 
down  as  ashes;  leaving  neither  root  nor  branch. 
Hero  is  full  conversion — a  new  birth  from  in- 
corruptible seed,  by  the  overshadowing  Word 
of  God,  which  liveth  and  abideth  forever. 

And  this  grace  of  God  which  thus  brings 
salvation  from  sin,  and  the  sinful  nature  in  us, 
changes  the  whole  life — makes  us  new  crea- 
tures— makes  us  good  men  and  good  women, 
— good  husbands  and  good  wives,  good  chil- 
dren  and   good   servants,  good    members  of 


upper  springs  and  the  nether  springs ;  typi- 
fying both  the  blessings  of  earth  and  the 
blessings  of  heaven.  If  we  pray  aright  to  our 
Heavenly  Father,  we  may  receive  both  also ; 
or  we  may  take  up  our  rest  in  the  south  land, 
without  being  fruitful  in  the  field  of  offering, 
or  joyful  in  the  house  of  prayer.  We  may 
stop  under  the  work  of  the  law  and  prema- 
turely appropriate  to  ourselves  the  promises 
of  the  gospel.  We  may  have  a  convicting 
grace,  but  not  a  converting  grace.  What  are 
good  views  worth  unless  they  are  verified  by 
practical  experience? 

The  renewed  man  delights  in  the  company 
of  the  righteous;  and  as  they  are  travelling 
on  the  same  road  towards  Immanuel's  land, 
they  converse  together  in  the  language  of 
Canaan  ;  walking  by  the  same  rule  hand  in 
hand  together,  and  minding  the  same  thing. 
And  being 

"  One  in  faith,  in  interest  and  design,_ 
Gird  up  each  other,  in  the  race  divine." 

But  thero  may  be  a  smooth  tongue,  that  can 
speak  the  language  of  Canaan,  and  yet  spring 
from  the  heart  of  Ashdod.  We  may  have 
Jacob's  voice,  and  Esau's  hands.  But  we 
should  have  clean  hands  and  a  pure  heart 
that  speaketh  no  guile.  Hypocrisy  is  a  dis 
ease  in  the  vitals  of  religion,  which,  like  con 
sumption,  soon  takes  awaj7  the  life.     A 


character.  The  manner  in  which  they  depict 
vice,  the  scenes  they  make  familiar  to  the 
minds  of  their  readers,  the  lax  morality  which 
is  represented  as  common  in  society — all  have 
an  evil  and  corrupting  influence  upon  the 
mind.  Those  who  accustom  themselves  to 
this  sort  of  reading  lose  all  relish  for  history, 
biography,  and  science.  Such  useful  matters 
are  too  tame  and  commonplace  for  them. 
Nothing  but  highly  wrought  scenes,  abound- 
ing in  passionate  excitement,  will  awaken 
their  interest.  This  wrong  training  is  in 
every  way  most  deplorable.  We  beseech  the 
young  to  ask  in  regard  to  any  book  they  pro- 
pose to  read,  Will  it  add  to  my  stock  of  useful 
knowledge?  Will  it  have  an  elevating  and 
purifying  influence  on  my  mind?  Will  it 
help,  rather  than  hinder,  a  taste  for  substan- 
tial reading?  Ami  if  these  questions  cannot 
be  answered  affirmatively,  leave  the  book 
alone. — Selected. 


For  "The   Friend." 

We  ought  to  be  thankful  for  every  thing  of 
God  that  serves  to  break  up  a  false  rest  in  any 
one  of  us,  or  in  the  Church.  When  it  becomes 
the  duty  of  the  watchmen  to  sound  an  alarm, 
they  may  be  opposed  and  perhaps  scorned, — 
but  they  are  not  their  own,  and  must  do  their 
Master's  bidding.     If  rightly  qualified  for  the 


„  om  open  profanity  to  civility  is  no  sure  service,  they  will  be  enabled  to  perform  their 
society  and  of  the  community  over  which  its  evidence  of  a  change  of  heart.  There  is  a1  whole  duty  without  hurting  the  oil  and  the 
influence   extends.     It   makes  us  careful  in  voluntary  humility,  which  we  may  assume!  wine  in  any.  ,.,„„, 

complying  with  our  engagements:  dealing  through  policy  to  enable  us  to  pass  respect-  There  are  many  kinds  of  false  rests,  borne 
justly,  loving  mercy,  and  walking  honestly  |ably  among  men  ;  but  it  falls  short  of  a  saving'yield  t0  tbo  reproofs  of  instruction  more 
before  all  men.  A  change  of  heart  from  a  change  of  heart.  The  scribes  and  pharisees  readily  than  others.  The  man  that  is  at  ease 
state  of  nature  to  a  state  of  grace,  shows  itself  were  zealous  in  the  outward  performances  of  in  bis  outward  possessions,  will  bear  a  stirring 
in  all  our  manner  of  life.  Not  only  in  words,  religion,  and  yet  not  born  again.  The  out-1  »P  and  Profit  bv  lt>  whlle  tlic  Pharisaical  (cx- 
ctions  speak  louder  wn,vl  nnH  Pmotionnl  mmi  may  gladly  receive'  ternally  religious)    will    resent   it,  and  turn 

akes    him  look!uPon  the  Lord's  messenger  with  anger;  con^ 


but  also  in  conduct.    For  actions  speak  louaer  Ward  and  emotional  m 
than  wTords.     Example  should  keep  pace  with  a    surface   religion    which    ... 

precept.  We  may  draw  comfort  and  refresh-  beautiful  without,  like  wbited  sepulchres,  and  firming  the  Scripture  "  they  that  are  whole 
ment  from  a  higher  spring  than  earth  can|yetbe  tilled  inwardly  with  uncleanness,  and  need  not  a  physician."  "  Preach  to  us  smooth 
give,  even  from  the  pure  waters  of  life.  IfIDe  utterly  destitute"' of  divine  grace.  We1  things,"  is  a  demand  of  our  race  as  old  as  sin. 
we  are  born  again,  we  walk  in  newness  of  life.)  want  a  faith  unfeigned— a  righteousness  that  "Except  ye  eat  the  flesh  of  the  Son  of  man 
Paul,  before  his  conversion,  was  a  zealous  jexeeeds  the  hypocritical  righteousness  of  the  arid  drink  His  blood,  ye  have  no  life  in  you" 
defender  of  an  outside  religion  that  did  not  Pharisees  We  may  give  our  assent  to  the  indicates  a  growth  from  the  inside,  outward, 
change  the  heart.  For  he  says,  "that  after  theory  of  sound  doctrine,  without  much  ex-|"He  is  not  a  Jew  who  is  one  outwardly 
the  most  straitest  sect  of  our  religion  I  lived  perience  of  the  doctrine  itself.  And  we  can-  neither  is  that  circumcision  which  is  outward 
a  Pharisee."  We  may,  like  him,  be  zealous  not  profitably  expound  doctrines  to  others,! »"  the  Qesh  >  but  he  is  a  Jew  who  1S  one  m" 
in  all  the  external  acts  of  religion,  before  we  which  we  have  never  had  experimentally;  wardly  ;  and  circumcision  is  that  of  the  heart, 
have  witnessed  a  change  of  heart.  The  natural  taught  to  us.  We  cannot  handle  holy  things  in  the  Spirit,  and  not  in  the  letter,  whose 
man  has  his  own  unsanctified  forwardness  in  with  unclean  hands,  without  danger  of  defil-|  praise  is  not  of  men  but  of  God. 


the  works  of  the  church.     He  may  have  con-  ino-  the  he 


We  must  be  cleansed  by  the  J      We  dare  not  make  unto  ourselves  an  idol  of 


victions,  but  not  wait  in  patience  for  them  tolwashing  of  "regeneration  and  have  the  Holy  anything— tangibleorintangiblo— if  we  would 
he  carried  out  to  full  conversion  ;  because  he! Spirit  renewed  in  us,  before  we  can  be  instru-|keeP  alive  rn_the  Truth. 


seeks  the  applause  of  men  more  than  the 
glory  of  God ;  and  because  he  does  not 
abide  the  day  of  his  coming,  when  He  comes 
as  a  refiner  with  fire,  and  a  purifier  of  the 
heart.  Ho  may,  like  Simon  Magus,  have 
convictions  enough  to  make  him  ask  the 
prayers  of  others,  and  be  baptized  with  a  sur- 


others.     We  must!     There  arc  fewer  now  who  make  the  appear- 


'the  Spirit  of  Christ  to  harmonize  and \ance  of  a  Friend  than  when  I  was  a  youth, 
tus.     We   must  be   instruments  in  the  but  those  who  do,  maintain  their  profession 


mental  in  renewing 
have 
direct  „„. 

Lord's  hands  before  we  can  accomplish  the1  throughout,  more  generally,  than  at  that 
Lord's  work.  We  have  nothing  of  a  heavenly  time  :  whether  older  or  younger  there  is  a  de- 
nature only  as  we  receive  it  from  the  heavenly !  gree  of  consistency  with  the  plain  dress  and 
Fountain.  And  we  cannot  give  to  others  thatj  language  indicative  of  a work  inside—  a  cleans- 
face  baptism  like  that  of  John's,  and  yet  bejwnich  we  have  not  first  received  ourselves.  ing  of  "  the  lnsidc  of  tl)0  CUP  and  Platter  — 
in  the  bonds  of  iniquity  ;  and  content  himself  jf  we  believe  that  Shiloh  has  come,  let  us  also'  the  outside  follows.  Of  the  score  and  more 
with  a  religion  that  ""is  as  a  morning  cloud,  believe  that  unto  Him  shall  the  gathering  of  of  young  and  middle  aged  persons  in  my  own 
and  as  the  early  dew  it  goeth  away."  The|tbe  pe0ple  be.  And  let  us  look  more  to  Him  Quarterly  Meeting,  who  have  within  the  last 
Lord,  through  the  prophet,  speaks  of  Israel  for  instruction  in  our  religious  gatherings,  and]  fifteen  years  taken  up  the  cross  in  these  mat- 
as  "rebellious  children,  that  take  counsel,  but;iess  t0  the  uncertain  teachings  of  man'.  Letters,  there  is  not  one  but  whose  consistent 
not  of  me;  and  that  cover  with  a  covering, L8  seek  for  more  vital  Christianity  and  less]  walk  among  men,  marks  their  allegiance  to  a 

sin  dononlinational  strife.  D.  H.      i  holy  King  and  Lawgiver;  and  the  gentleness 


but  not  of  my  Spirit,  that  they  may  add 
to  sin."  And  in  another  place  he  says,  "They 
hate  him  that  rebuketh  in  the  gate,  and  they 
abhor  him  that  speaketh  uprightly." 

A  tree  may  bloom  in  the  spring,  and  yet  no 
fruit  come  to  maturity.     And   we  may,  like 


Darlington.  12th  mo.  20th,  18S3. 


of  Christ,  and  his  restraining  and  constrain- 
ing love,  are  conspicuous  traits  about  them. 
much  They  rarely  allude  to  the  subject,  and  when 


Leave  the   Book  Alone. —  There 
vicious  reading  abroad.     Not  only  is  there  any  do,  it  is  done  humbly  and  disclaiming  all 


an  enormous  quantity  of  openly  and  utterly  |  merit  therefor — they  look  not  for  reward 
Caleb's  daughter,  have  a  south  land,  aiidyet'vile  literature,  but  there  is  a  large  range  of  either  to  church  or  world— they  think  but 
lack  springs  of  water  to  make  it  fruitful.  She  books  that  are  allowed  a  place  in  decent  so-  little  about  it— it  has  become  "  easy"  to  them, 
praved  to  her  father   and  he  gave  her  the'eiety  whose  influence  is  of  a  most  pernicious  and  they  go  forward. 


180 


THE    FRIEND. 


There  are  two  motives  which  may  operate 
— one  having  tradition  for  its  spring,  and  the 
other  Truth — one  an  apprehension  that  this 
particular  testimony  is  expected  of  them— the 
other,  a  certain  knowledge  of  the  Lord's  will. 
Those  who  make  the  traditional  plainness  of 
another  a  reason  for  them  to  turn  wholly 
away  from  the  "testimony"  itself,  displaj' 
weakness  rather  than  strength  ;  and  the  ex- 
ample they  set  makes  void  whatever  they 
may  say  in  defence  of  acting  only  on  Divine 
requirings.  They  may  plead  with  the  inspired 
words,  "little  children  keep  yourselves  from 
idols,"  and  "touch  not;  taste  not;  handle 
not :"  and  yet,  by  their  example,  encourage 
to  a  liberty  which  the  whole  Christian  world 
knows  "gendereth  to  bondage."  It  is  as  a 
strong  temperance  advocate  pleading  for  pro- 
hibition, himself  partaking  of  the  dangerous 
cup  as  and  when  he  wants  to.  I  am  sorry 
lor  the  cause'  sake  that  so  little  testimonial 
fruit  should  be  produced  in  perfection.  But 
the  day  draws  on,  I  believe,  when  "onto! 
the  mouths  of  babes  and  sucklings"  the  Lord 
will  perfect  praise — when  some  who  have 
been  taught  to  look  upon  those  who  walk 
carefully  all  their  days,  as  traditional  profes- 
sors only,  lacking  peace,  will  join  in  the  felt 
assurance,  "we  follow  no  cunningly  devised 
fable." 

I  have  often  watched  with  intense  interest 
the  gradual  unfoldings  of  Truth  in  the  minds 
of  the  young,  and  how  certainly  the  process 
of  separation  from  the  spirit  of  the  world 
leads  to  an  outward  denial  of  its  ways  and 
maxims.  The  blood  of  these  innocents  will 
be  found  upon  those  who,  through  false  teach- 
ing and  example,  turn  them  aside. 

[There  is  one  view  of  this  subject,  not  re- 
ferred to  in  the  above  article,  which  it  may 
be  proper  to  mention  ;  and  that  is,  the  duty 
enforced  by  Scripture,  of  children  being  sub- 
ject to  their  parents,  and  of  individuals  to  the 
Church.  A  godly  parent,  who  sees  the  force 
of  the  Scripture  testimony  to  plainness  and 
simplicity,  will  desire  that  his  children  should 
be  clothed  in  plain  and  modest  apparel.  And, 
correspondingly,  it  is  the  duty  of  these  chil- 
dren to  submit  with  cheerfulness  to  their 
parent's  will ;  even  if  they  have  not  yet  clearly 
seen  for  themselves  the  grounds  and  value  of 
this  testimony. 

And  so,  also,  we  believe  the  advice  of  the 
Church  ought  to  have  great  weight  with  all 
its  members.  In  the  early  days  of  our  So- 
ciety, great  opposition  was  made  by  some  to 
the  introduction  of  any  government  or  dis- 
cipline into  the  body  ;  and  it  was  contended 
by  these  opposers,  that  every  one  must  be  left 
without  censure  to  do  that  which  was  right 
in  his  own  eyes.  This  led  to  the  preparation 
by  Robert  Barclay  of  his  treatise  on  Church 
Government,  in  which  be  shows  from  the  ex- 
ample of  the  primitive  Christians,  and  from 
sound  reason,  that  there  are  just  limits  to  be 
placed  to  this  liberty;  and  that  Christian 
order  in  tho  Church  is  not  "any  ways  con- 
tradictory to  their  being  inwardly  and  im- 
mediately led  by  the  Spirit  of  God  in  their 
hearts;  and  thai  such  as  are  in  the  true  feel- 
ing and  sense,  will  find  it  their  places  to  obey, 
and  be  one  with  tho  <  'hurch  of  <  Jhrist  in  such 
like  cases."  This  doctrine,  that  honorabh 
elder  Joseph  Pike,  applies  to  those,  who, 
when  they  "have  been  spoken  to  for  wearing 
costly  apparel  with  fashionable  dresses  eon 
trary  to  tho  plainness  of  Truth  ;    have  an- 


swered that  they  do  not  see,  nor  are  they 
convinced  of  any  hurt  or  evil  in  them."  Such 
persons  he  refers  to  the  above-mentioned  trea- 
tise of  R.  Barclay,  who  cites  this  very  plea 
and  calls  it  the  "  wisdom  of  man  and  the  de- 
ceitfulness  of  the  serpent." — Ed.] 

Original. 

THE  SEA  OF  GALILEE. 

Oil  !  placid  sea  of  Galilee, 

How  won'drous  is  thy  story  ; 
They  walked  beside  thy  changing  tide, 

Who  knew  the  Lord  of  glory. 

A  sacred  barque  o'er  waves  so  dark, 
Its  precious  freight  was  bearing; 

Mid  calm  repose  the  storm  arose, 
His  marvellous  power  declaring. 

Life's  lesson  taught,  when  Peter  sought 

(Who  was  a  man  of  favor;) 
To  walk  the  wave,  with  spirit  brave, 

To  meet  his  Lord  and  Saviour. 

When  waves  were  high,  there  rose  the  cry 

From  lips  of  faith-tried  mortal, 
No  hand  of  men  could  aid  him  then, 

To  reach  the  ship's  safe  portal. 

In  sinking  fear,  the  voice  rose  clear, 

"  Save,  Master,  or  I  perish  ;" 
Outstretched  the  arm,  to  keep  from  harm, 

The  soul  He  joyed  to  cherish. 

Our  barque  afloat — each  tiny  boat 

Is  in  the  Master's  keeping: 
His  hand  can  save,  mid  boisterous  wave, 

Although  we  deem  Him  "sleeping." 

And,  "  Peace,  be  still,"  is  yet  his  will, 

To  those  on  troubled  ocean  ; 
Doubt  not  his  power  in  danger's  hour. 

But  prove  the  soul's  devotion. 

Should  faith  be  weak,  his  presence  seek 
Who  has  the  power  to  strengthen  ; 

And  sun  will  shine,  with  beams  Divine, 
Life's  glorious  day  to  lengthen. 


Original. 

SEEK  YE  FIRST  THE  KINGDOM  OF  GOD. 
I  have  no  pretty  thoughts  to  twine  into  rhyme, 
To  tickle  the  ear,  and  while  away  time; 
For  they've  vanished  like  shadows  when  clouds  hide 

the  sun, 
And  they  will  not  return,  for  their  course  they  have  run. 

And  so  it  will  prove  with  all  forms  of  delight. 
That  have  not  their  source  in  the  Fountain  of  Light, 
As  we  drink  at  that  Fountain,  we  find  that  no  more 
Do  they  charm  and  delight  as  they  used  to  before. 

I  know  that  some  think,  as  I  used  to  think  too, 
That  those  who  speak  thus  do  not  speak  what  is  true; 
They  cannot  conceive  how  some  joys  so  refined, 
Can  fail  to  find  place  in  a  purified  mind. 

'Tis  not,  they  suppose,  that  the  mind's  become  pure, 
Only  narrowed  and  cramped,  its  resources  are  fewer; 
Its  talents  half  hidden,  like  gold  in  the  ore, 
Will  surely,  they  think,  never  gain  any  more. 

Know  ye  not,  that  man's  heart  is  earthy  and  vain, 
Till  by  God's  Holy  Spirit  purged  again  and  again  ; 
'Tis  those,  who  are  vainly  adorning  the  mind, 
That  will  fail  in  the  end  the  true  increase  to  find. 

Their  talents,  indeed,  lie  concealed  in  the  earth  ; 

And  they  never  can  know  what  they  ought  to  be  worth, 

Till    they   seek,   as   required,    first    the    Kingdom   of 

Heaven, 
And  in  meekness  receive  the  increase  that  is  given. 
S.  J.  G. 

"  Tunnels  in  Our  Lives." — I  have  recently 
been  reading  tho  letters  and  diary  of  a  pious, 
gifted  young  Scotch  lady,  who  was  an  invalid 
and  travelled  abroad  for  her  health.  After 
having  described,  in  one  of  her  letters,  her 
passage  through  the  Mont  Cenis  Tunned,  she 
thus  moralized:  "Wo  have  tunnels  some 
t itiK's  in  our  lives,  long,  dark  places  filled  with 
sadness  and  gloom,  and  God  does  not  toll  us 


what  they  mean — we  could  not  understand  ; 
but  we  wait,  and  in  good  time  come  the  sun- 
shine and  the  flowers." 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

PLAINNESS    OF    DRESS. 

When  Jacob  Bitter  was  in  the  American 
army,  during  the  revolutionary  war,  a  young 
man  was  brought  into  the  army  and  required 
to  perform  military  duty.  He  said,  he  could 
not  tight,  for  he  was  a  Quaker.  The  presid- 
ing officer  replied,  "But  you  are  no  Quaker, 
for  you  have  not  the  accoutrements."  The 
young  man  then  produced  some  written  cre- 
dentials by  which  he  proved  his  right  of  mem- 
bership. The  offieer  now  called  for  a  shears 
that  he  might  trim  him  ;  and  so  he  cut  off  his 
capes  and  his  lappels,  and  tho  queue  of  hair 
which  hung  down  behind  his  head,  and  said 
to  him,  "Now  you  may  go,  now  you  look 
more  like  a  Quaker." 

This  anecdote  Jacob  Ritter  related  in  a 
Monthly  Meeting  when  the  subject  of  plain- 
ness, &c,  was  under  review ;  and  went  on  to 
show  that  in  the  army  it  was  considered  an 
act  of  gross  misbehavior  and  insubordination 
for  a  man  to  wear  any  other  uniform  than 
that  which  accorded  with  his  rank,  and  the 
company  to  which  he  belonged  ;  and  that  the 
officer  could  not  understand  why  he  appeared 
in  a  dress  such  as  he  wore,  professing  at  tho 
same  time  the  peaceable  principles  of  Friends. 

A  person  who  had  been  brought  under  re- 
ligious conviction  found,  as  many  others  have 
done,  that  her  fondness  for  dress  was  one  of 
tho  things  which  had  to  be  brought  under  the 
crucifying  power  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ.  At 
the  time  of  her  awakening  she  had  just 
finished  a  dress — but  it  was  never  worn.  She 
joined  in  religious  fellowship,  I  believe,  with 
the  Methodists.  She  says:  "When  I  went 
home  [from  the  meeting  at  which  she  had 
become  a  member]  the  Lord  let  me  see  that 
I  had  more  trimmings  on  my  hat  than  was 
for  his  glory,  and  I  took  the  flowers  off;  but 
at  meeting  that  night  the  light  kept  shining, 
and  I  pulled  the  feather  off  in  meeting,  and  I 
have  never  had  any  on  since.  The  Lord  let 
me  see  that  I  could  not  wear  these  things  and 
be  a  true  Christian.  And  I  cannot  see  how 
any  one  that  has  a  Bible  experience  and  is 
willing  to  walk  in  the  Light  and  obey  God, 
can  conform  so  much  to  the  world  in  their 
dress." 

A  few  years  since  a  Friend  who  was  paying 
a  religious  visit  in  some  parts  of  the  Southern 
States,  had  an  appointed  meeting  among  the 
colored  people  at  Raleigh,  N.  C.  In  the  au- 
dience he  observed  a  nice-looking,  plainly 
dressed  young  woman,  in  whose  appearance 
he  was  much  interested.  In  a  subsequent 
conversation  he  found  that  she  was  a  member 
with  tho  Methodists,  who  had  felt  it  to  be  her 
duty  to  preach  among  her  people.  In  re- 
lating her  experience,  she  said  that  at  one 
time  she  was  fond  of  wearing  ornaments  like 
other  young  women  ;  but  as  sho  came  under 
the  power  of  Divine  Grace,  one  after  another 
id'  these  bad  been  dropped  from  a  sense  of 
duty.  She  further  stated  that  there  were 
several  other  women  in  her  religious  society, 
who  had  been  led  into  the  ministry,  and  all 
ol  them  had  been  led  into  the  same  self-denial 
and  plainness  as  to  dress,  that  she  had  seen  to 
be  the  allotted  path  for  her  to  walk  in. 

Her  experience  was  similar  to  that  of  a 
good  old  German  Baptist  sister,  then  near  the 


THE    FRIEND. 


181 


nd  of  life,  and  since  called  to  her  heavenly 
ome,  who,  in  a  conversation  where  the  writer 
?as  present,  explained  the  plainness  and  sim- 
licity  of  her  dress  by  saying,  that  when  she 
ubmitted  to  the  power  of  religion,  she  "  took 
p  the  cross  in  all  things." 

Though  the  strong  testimony  on  the  subject 
f  plainness  in  attire  borne  by  prophets  and 
postles  of  old  seems  to  be  much  lost  sight  of 
y  many  who  profess  to  be  Christians — yet 
ersons  who  are  brought  under  deep  religious 
onviction  are  very  often  led  into  a  Christian 
implicily — and  a  following  of  the  fashions  of 
be  day  is  felt  to  be  inconsistent  with  the  self- 
enying  life  of  a  follower  of  Christ. 

John  Fothergill,  who  was  one  of  the  early 
linisters  of  our  Society — being  born  in  1676 
-says  in  his  Journal :  "  When  I  was  about  12 
r  13  years  old,  a  strong  inclination  took  place 
l  me  to  have  a  coat  made  with  some  more 
jsemblance  of  the  mode  or  fashion  of  the  time, 
ian  in  the  plain  manner  which  I  had,  with 
ther  Friends  used ;  and  I  prevailed  upon  my 
ither  to  grant  it.  But  I  was  made  uneasy 
l  it,  almost  at  the  first  wearing  it,  and  the 
lore  so  in  using  it;  feeling  the  certain  re- 
roofs  of  the  Spirit  of  truth,  for  leaning  to, 
nd  joining  with  the  vain  and  restless  flesh- 
leasing  spirit  of  the  world,  and  turning  from 
be  steady  plainness  of  the  unchangeable 
'ruth.  I  was  indisputably  satisfied,  that  the 
nemy  of  all  good  worked  in  the  earthly  affec- 
lons  of  those  wherein  he  could  get  place,  to 
raw  out  the  mind  in  order  to  lead  into  the 
road  way 


For  "The  Friend." 

Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
families,  by  James  Trimble. 

John  Churchman,  in  his  journal,  page  181, 
F.  L.,  says  :  "  In  the  25th  year  of  1113'  age  I 
married  Margaret  Brown,  a  virtuous  young 
woman,  whom  I  had  loved  as  a  sister  several 
years,  because  I  believed  she  loved  religion." 

"  In  the  year  1730,  a  Monthly  Meeting  was 
established  at  Nottingham  ;  this  brought  a 
weighty  concern  upon  me  and  many  others, 
that  the  offices  of  truth  might  be  managed  to 
the  honor  thereof,  for  we  had  but  few  sub- 
stantial elderly  Friends.  In  the  winter  of 
1735-36,  Win.  Brown,  my  brother-in-law,  my 
sister  Dinah  Brown,  a  widow,  and  myself, 
were  all  recommended  to  the  meeting  of  min- 
isters and  elders  as  ministers." 

11th  mo.  22nd,  1760,  Deer  Creek  and  Bush 
River  Preparative  Meetings,  in  Harford  Co., 
M.d.,  were  joined  in  a  Monthly  Meeting  called 
Deer  Creek,  and  transferred  to  Baltimore 
Yearly  Meeting* 

In  the  5th  mo.  1777,  the  house  of  East  Not- 
tingham was  taken  to  accommodate  sick  and 
wounded  soldiers.  Stephenf  Yarnall  (after- 
wards the  eminent  minister)  was  their  sur- 
geon, and  had  his  lodgings  at  my  grandfather's 
house,  half  a  mile  distant.  Ho  paid  three 
visits  a  day  to  the  hospital,  and  was  busy  be- 
tween whiles  preparing  his  bandages,  lint, 
plasters,  &c.  On  one  occasion  he  begged  my 
grandmother  to  sell  him  a  blanket  for  a  poor 


ccstor  Ann  (Churchman)  Tremble,  dated  10th 
o.  1st,  1770,  admitting  the  error  of  leavin 


fellow  who  could  not  long  survive  ;  the  article 

Mary  Bosanquet,  who  afterwards  married!™*  gi.vcftl\,but   thc    m°™J  S^itS 
ohn  Fletcher,  say  ,  in  her  life :  «  I  saw  clearly  ,  doctor  left  the  price  on  the    able  and  departed. 
bat  plainness  of  d.-ess  and  behavior  best  be-'TllIS    ™nsaction  is  verified  by  a  recorded  ac- 
1      ,.,    .  ..       ,,      lT      -ii  .u       c  i      know  ei  "iin'ii  ,  si"ned    bv  mv  maternal  an- 

ame  a  Christian."     "  I  will  therefore  make [  3\A,l..  .j  mn 

j  my  rule  to  be  clean  and  neat,  but  in  thc 
lainest  things,  according  to  my  station  ;  and 
whenever   I   thought  on   the  subject    these  ""j  "t^thmo"  ISO*!  Little  Britain  and East- 

roids  would   pass    through   my  mind   with  Meeting  hitherto  branches 

ower,    For  so  the  holy  women  of  old  adorned  Qf  ^^^  wer0  ^,'nized  as  a  Monthly 
tiemsetves.  ^  Meeting  under  the  former  name. 

The  Fly  on  the  Cathedral  Pillar-There  is  The  Western  Quarterly  Meeting  originally 
striking  passage  in  which  a  great  philoso-  comprising  a  large  extent  of  territory  and  14 
,         ,,   °pl  s  r>-  L        t>     ii         l         -i,       Mont  hv   Meetings,    hail    been    gradually   re- 

her,  the  famous    Bishop    Berkeley,  describes  *J-""l,"J  .     f  >  .      <j>  „,+„k 

,..,-,  L       i.     ,-J      /■■!      •       dueed   by  the  increase  of    r  rends,  and  estab- 

lo-i      u-  nidi    (ifciinvi        rl   Hill    (it        in   in-    ""^tv.    "J     *"~ 


he  thought  which  occurred  to  him  of  th 
srutable  schemes  of  Providence,  as  he  saw, 
ti  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  a  fly  moving  on  one 
f  the  pillars.  "It  requires,"  he  says,  "some 
omprehension  in  the  eye  of  an  intelligent 
pectator  to  take  in  at  one  view  the  various 
arts  of  the  building,  in  order  to  observe  their 
ymmetry  and  design.  But  to  the  fly,  whose 
prospect  was  confined  to  a  little  part  of  one 
f  the  stones  of  a  single  pillar,  the  joint  beauty 
f  thc  whole,  or  the  distinct  use  of  its  parts, 
?as  inconspicuous.  To  that  limited  view  the 
mall  irregularities  on  the  surface  of  the  hewn 
tone  seemed  to  be  so  many  deformed  rocks 
nd  precipices."  That  fly  on  the  pillar,  of 
rhich  the  philosopher  spoke,  is  the  likeness 
f  each  human  being  as  he  creeps  along  the 
ast  pillars  which  support  the  universe.  The 
orrow  which  appears  to  us  nothing  but  a 
•awning  chasm  or  hideous  precipice  may 
urn  out  to  be  but  the  joining  or  cement 
chich  binds  together  the  fragments  of  our 
xistence  into  a  solid  whole  !  That  dark  and 
rooked  path  in  which  we  have  to  grope  our 
pay  in  doubt  and  fear  may  be  but  the  curve 
phich,  in  the  fuller  light  of  a  brighter  world, 
rill  appear  to  be  the  necessary  finish  of  some 
hoice  ornament,  the  inevitable  span  of  some 
najestic  arch  ! — Dean  Stanley. 


ishment  of  new  meetings  within  its  pale,  so 
that  in  1818,  with  7  Monthly  Meetings,  it  be- 
came expedient  to  divide  again,  and  Notting- 
ham Quarterly,  composed  of  Nottingham, 
Deer  Creek  and  Little  Britain  MonthlyMeet- 
ings,  was,  in  the  5th  mo.  1819,  instituted  a 
branch  of  Baltimore  Yearly  Meeting.  The 
assembly  on  this  occasion  at  East  Notting- 
him  was  large  and  impressive — committees 
from  each  of  the  Yearly  Meetings  interested 
being  present.  John  Letchworth  was  led  to 
show  the  importance  of  keeping  in  view  the 
primary  doctrines  of  Christianity,  as  the  only 
safe  basis  of  all  our  endeavors  to  lead  a  virtu- 
ous and  innocent  life.  His  manner  of  speak- 
ing was  remarkable  for  a  continuous  flow  of 
correct  perspicuous  language,  interspersed 
with  strong  convincing  points.  Gerard  T. 
Hopkins  of  Baltimore,  dwelt  largely  on  the 
subject  of  the  new  meeting,  taking  for  his 
text  Isaiah  viii.  19,  "I  will  set  in  the  desert 
the  fir  tree  and  the  pine  and  the  box  tree 
together,  that  they  may  see   and   know  and 

*  The  opening  of  the  above  Monthly  Meeting  was 
superintended  "  according  to  the  good  order  of  Friends," 
by  Samuel  England,  George  Churchman,  Henry  Rey- 
nolds, Jr.,  and  Thomas  Brown. 

f  Probably  Peter  Yarnall. 


consider,  that  the  hand  of  the  Lord  hath  done 
this."  Illustrating  that,  "If  the  members  of 
this  meeting  were  willing  as  it  were  to  abide 
under  the  shadow  of  the  humble  box  tree, 
they  would  witness  in  due  time  the  elevating 
influence  and  power  of  Christian  example  to 
spread  around  them,  gathering  others  within 
the  fold,  as  the  fowls  of  the  air  seeking  rest 
and  quiet  in  the  lofty  branches  of  the  pine." 
As  his  theme  grew  upon  him,  he  enlarged  on 
the  necessity  of  maintaining,  unimpaired,  the 
integrity  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  in  all  that 
in  years  past  had  placed  it  upon  the  Bock, 
<in  which  the  Primitive  Church  was  founded. 
The  occasion  being  an  unusual  event  in  the 
locality,  drew  a  large  concourse  of  Friends; 
also  many  of  other  persuasions,  who  were  so 
impressed  by  the  solemnity  that  spread  over 
the  assembly,  that  some  of  them  preserved 
notes  of  the  communications  delivered. 

ERRATA.— On  page  105,  in  No.  '21  of  present 
volume,  for  "residence"  of  Alexander  Ross,  read 
vendue  of  A.  Ross. 


Mounts  Ebal  and  Gerizim. —  Writing  upon 
Stones. — "By  some  convulsion  of  nature,  the 
central  range  of  mountains  running  north 
and  south  was  cleft  open  to  its  base  at  right 
angles  to  its  own  line  of  extension,  and  the 
deep  fissure  thus  made  is  the  vale  of  Nablus 
[anciently  Shechem].  The  mountains  on 
either  hand  tower  to  an  elevation  of  about 
1000  feet.  Mount  Ebal  is  on  the  north, 
Gerizim  on  the  south,  and  the  city  between. 
Near  the  eastern  end  the  vale  is  not  more 
than  sixty  rods  wide  ;  ami  there,  I  suppose, 
the  tribes  assembled  to  hear  the  blessings 
and  cursings  read  by  the  Levites. 

"  That  was  the  most  august  assembly  of 
the  kind  the  sun  ever  shone  upon  ;  and  I 
never  stand  in  that  narrow  plain,  with  Ebal 
and  Gerizim  rising  on  either  hand  to  the  sky, 
without  involuntarily  recalling  the  scene.  I 
have  shouted  to  hear  the  responsive  echo, 
and  fancied  how  impressive  it  must  have  been 
when  the  loud-voiced  Levites  proclaimed  from 
the  cliffs  of  Ebal,  '  Cursed  be  the  man  that 
maketh  any  graven  or  molten  image,  an 
abomination  to  the  Lord.'  Ami  then  the 
tremendous  'AmenI'  tenfold  louder,  from  the 
mighty  congregation,  rising  and  swelling,  and 
re-echoing  from  Ebal  to  Gerizim,  and  from 
Gerizim  to  Ebal. 

"  It  was  part  of  the  command  of  thc  Lord, 
and  of  Moses  to  Joshua,  that,  having  placed 
the  blessings  and  cursings  on  Gerizim  and  on 
Ebal,  he  should  '  write  this  law  upon  great 
stones'  which  he  should  rear  up  there.  A 
careful  examination  of  Deuteronomy  xxvii. 
2-8,  and  Joshua  viii.  30-32,  will  lead  to  the 
opinion  that  the  law,  or  a  portion  of  it,  was 
written  upon  or  in  the  plaster  with  which 
those  '  great  stones'  were  coated.  This  could 
easily  have  been  done,  and  it  was  common  in 
ancient  times.  I  have  seen  such  writing  cer- 
tainly more  than  2000  years  old,  and  still  as 
distinct  as  when  first  inscribed  on  the  plaster. 

"  In  this  hot  climate,  where  there  is  no 
frost  to  dissolve  the  cement,  it  will  continue 
hard  and  unbroken  for  thousands  of  years. 
That  on  Solomon's  pools  remains  in  admira- 
ble preservation,  though  exposed  to  all  the 
vicissitudes  of  the  climate,  and  with  no  pro- 
tection. The  cement  in  the  tombs  about 
Sidon  is  still  perfect,  and  the  writing  on  them 
entire,  though  acted  on  by  the  moist,  damp 
air  alwa.ys  found  in  caverns,  for  perhaps  2000 
years.     What  Joshua   did,    therefore,  when 


182 


THE    FRIEND. 


be  erected  those  great  stones  at  Mount  Ebal, 
was  merely  to  write  in  the  still  soft  cement 
with  a  stile,  or,  more  likely,  on  the  polished 
surface,  when  dry,  with  ink  or  paint,  as  seen 
in  ancient  tombs."—  W.  M.  Thomson  in  The 
Land  and  The  Book. 


Children  in  the  Rouse.— The  tidiest  and 
most  particular  child  that  ever  lived  will 
sometimes  upset  things  about  a  house,  to  the 
annoyance  of  the  fussy  housekeeper,  and  all 
ordinary  children  are  the  bane  of  her  life. 
They  cannot,  will  not,  appreciate  and  pay 
respect  to  any  ordinary  ideas  of  good  house- 
keeping, so  far  as  avoiding  litter  goes,  at  any 
rate.  Their  toys,  their  games,  their  books, 
are  scattered  indiscriminately  around. 

As  soon  as  the  child  is  old  enough  to  play 
about  in  most  homes,  a  sort  of  quiet  warfare 
between  the  housekeeper  and  that  child  com- 
mences. The  greatest  love  may  prompt  the 
mother  ;  yet,  all  but  unconsciously,  as  it  were, 
an  attitude  of  antagonism  is  assumed  by  her 
as  regards  the  child's  upsetting  things. 

Where  there  is  a  nursery  and  plenty  of 
assistance,  of  course  the  little  folks  are  at 
liberty  in  their  own  domain.  But  in  the 
average  home,  where  the  children  are  parcel 
of  the" family,  as  regards  the  use  of  the  com- 
mon living  rooms,  their  want  of  order  will 
cause  more  or  less  disturbance. 

Happy  the  mother  who  has  the  wisdom 
and  good  sense  not  to  be  disturbed  by  their 
who  with  equanimity  can  see  the 


thousand  men,  employed  as  conductors,  engi- 
neers, firemen  and  brakemen. 

"  The  average  number  reported  as  defective 
in  color-sense,"  said  Dr.  Thomson,  "is  about 
4  2-10;  but  those  absolutely  color-blind,  and 
unable  to  distinguish  between  a  soiled  white 
or  gray  and  green,  or  a  green  and  red  flag, 
are  fully  4  per  cent." 

In  detecting  color-blindness,  colored  yarns 
were  used  attached  to  a  stick,  and  numbered 
from  1  to  40,  containing  the  real  colors  to  be 
tested  and  the  "  confusion  colors"  with  which 
they  arc  usually  confounded. 

"Upon  the  theory  that  color-blindness  is 
most  promptly  detected  by  using  the  light 
green  test  skein,  a  specimen  is  handed  the 
person  under  examination,  and  he  is  asked  to 
match  it  in  color  from  the  yarns  on  the  stick. 
These  are  arranged  to  be  alternately  green 
and  confusion  colors,  the  former  being  repre- 
sented by  odd  and  the  latter  by  even  numbers, 
which  the  examiner  notes  when  the  choice  is 
made.  If  the  person  has  a  good  color  sen 
his  record  will  exhibit  none  but  odd  numbers; 
whilst,  if  he  is  color-blind,  the  mingling  of 
even  numbers  betrays  his  defect 

"To  distinguish  between  green-blindness 
and  red-blindness,"  Dr.  Thomson  said  "  th 
rose-test  is  used,  and  those  color-blind  will 
select  indifferently,  either  the  blues  inter 
mingled  with  the  rose,  or  perhaps  the  blue, 
green  or  grays,  and  thus  reveal  their  defect 
and  establish  either  green  or  red-blindness." 

"If,  then,"  continued  the  expert,  "green 
and    gray    are    indistinguishable,  and    green 


litterin  ? 

dining-room  chairs   converted    into    railroad 

trains   and  composedly  survey  the  marks  of  and  red,  when  of  the  same  depth  of  co  or, 

little   fingers   on   the    furniture.      Unbridled  seem  to  be  entirely  the  same  to   the  color- 


license  or  constant  checking  will  ruin  the 
temper  and  disposition  of  any  child  ;  but 
sympathy  for  and  patience  with  their  desires 
to  find  themselves  amusement  will  lead  any 
housekeeper  to  put  up  with  a  good  deal  of 
annoyance  from  them. — Baptist   Weekly. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Investigating  Color  Blindness  among  Rail- 
road Employes.  —  A  most  important  work, 
covering  a  period  of  several  years,  and  em- 
bracing an  examination  of  thousands  of  train 
hands  having  to  do  with  signals  and  colors, 
has  been  completed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Company,  through  the  superintendeney 
of  Dr.  William  Thomson,  ophthalmologist. 
Many  months  ago  it  became  generally  known 
that  color  blindness  in  railroad  employes  was 
largely  responsible  for  otherwise  mysterious 
and  unaccountable  accidents  or  disasters. 
Steps  were  then  taken  by  the  various  railroad 
companies  to  discover  in  which  of  their  ser- 
vants the  affliction  existed,  and  to  quietly 
transfer  them  to  positions  where  their  ina- 
bility to  distinguish  colors  would  notendanger 
human  life,  or  to  discharge  them  altogether. 

On  the  Pennsylvania  mad,  with  its  numer- 
ous branches,  sections  and  divisions,  the  work 
was  carried  on  with  particular  care. 

<  )n  setting  about  a  work  of  such  great  mag 
nitude,  Dr.  Thomson  first  sought,  to  ascertain 
"  whether  each  man  possessed  sight,  enough 

to  see  forms  at  the  average  distance,  range  of 
vision  to  enable  him  to  see  near  objects  well 
enough  to  read  written  or  printed  orders  and 
instructions,  color-sense  sufficient  to  judge 
promptly  by  day  or  night,  bet  ween  the.  colors 
in  use  for  signals,  and  ability  to  hear  dis- 
tinctly." Tho  entire  method  was  submitted 
to  a  practical  test  extending  ovor  nearly  two 


blind,  it  needs  no  opinion  from  a  scientific 
expert  to  convince  the  manager  of  a  railroad 
that  it  would  be  most  dangerous  to  place  tht 
lives  of  people  under  the  guidance  of  an  en 
gineer  who  could  not  distinguish,  if  green- 
blind,  between  a  solid  white  and  a  green  flag, 
or  between  a  green  and  a  red  flag,  or  other 
signals  of  these  colors." 

Dr.  P.  D.  Keyser,  Surgeon  Wills  Eye  Hos- 
pital, who  is  a  recognized  expert  upon  color- 
blindness, submitted  a  paper  to  the  Medical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  some  time  since, 
which  has  much  bearing  upon  the  present 
subject. 

Xo  note  seems  to  have  been  made  of  this 
anomaly,"  he  said,  "  until  1830,  when  Dalton, 
who  had  discovered  his  inability  to  distinguish 
red  from  green,  published  an  account  thereof, 
and  only  within  the  past  few-  years  has  atten- 
tion been  drawn  to  it  and  interest  taken 
therein  by  the  simple  discovery,  on  investi- 
gating the  causes  of  some  railroad  accidents, 
that  the  engineers  did  not  or  could  not  dis- 
tinguish the  signals  of  danger  that  were  dis- 
played. This,  as  might  be  said,  'opened  the 
eyes'  of  the  physiologists,  ophthalmologists, 
and  other  scientific  men,  and  general  exam- 
inations of  all  train  hands,  as  well  as  school 
children,  have  been  and  are  being  made 
throughout  the  different  countries  in  Europe 
at  the  present  day. 

"Ever  since  the  establishment  of  railroads 
there  have  been  unaccountable  accidents. 
The  switches  have  been  found  in  their  proper 
places,  and  the  signals  correctly  displayed, 
but  still  trains  have  lain  one  into  the  other, 
telescoped,  as  it  is  called  iii  railroad  parlance, 
and  run  into  all  sorts  of  places  when  signals 
were  out.      At  las!   I  lie  eyes  of  some  of  the  olli 

ci  a  Is  became  o'pened  «  bile  making  a  thorough 
investigation  of  an   accident    in   Sweden.      It 


as  discovered  that  the  engineer  did  not  re- 
cognize the  danger  signal  that  was  displayed, 
and  passed  on  as  if  all  was  right  and  the  way 
clear.  From  this  knowledge  it  was  deter, 
mined  to  have  the  hands  on  the  road  exam- 

d  with  the  signals,  aud  to  their  surprise  it 
was  found  that  quite  a  number  could  not  dis- 
tinguish the  colors,  mistaking  red  for  green 
and  vice  versa. 

"  Examinations  were  made  throughout  Eu- 
rope," said  Dr.  Keyser,  "and  the  astonishing 
discovery  of  from  two  to  ten  per  cent,  color- 
blind among  all  the  railroad  employes  was  the 
result.  The  government  of  Sweden  was  the 
first  to  take  an  active  interest  in  this  matter, 
and  placed  it  in  the  hands  of  Prof.  Holingren 
of  Upsala,  to  investigate.  His  examination 
showed  the  color-blind  in  the  Public  Schools 
to  average  about  4.5  per  cent." 

In  examining  the  train-hands  of  several  o: 
the  railroads  centering  in  Philadelphia,  Dr 
Keyser  found  3.5  per  cent,  color-blind,  anc 
8.5  per  cent,  more,  who,  although  able  to  dis 
tinguish  the  colors,  were  unable  to  tell  the 
shades  of  the  colors,  thus  making  12  percent 
of  those  examined  who  were  not  quick  anc 
sharp  in  the  noticing  and  distinguishment  o: 
all  colors  and  shades.  But  of  this  12  per  cent 
only  3.5  per  cent,  were  of  such  a  character  o: 
defect  as  to  make  them  really  incapable  anc 
unsafe  to  fill  the  positions  they  occupied. 

"In  the  examination  of  these  men,"  con 
tinued  Dr.  Keyser,  "several  methods  wero 
used;  that  of  Prof.  Holingren,  of  Sweden,  in 
testing  with  skeins  of  colored  worsteds,  anc, 
that  of  Dr.  Stilling,  in  which  colored  letterf! 
on  a  black  card  are  displayed  were  both  em' 
ployed,  after  which  plates  of  colored  glasij 
were  held  in  front  of  a  gas  flame  in  a  (.lark 
ened  room,  and,  finally,  the  different  signa, 
lamps  used  on  the  roads  were  brought  befon, 
them  in  different  ways.  The  examination 
were  at  first  made  in  the  evening  by  gaslight 
and  those  found  in  the  least  defective  wea 
re-examined  very  carefully  in  daylight.  O 
those  so  found,  49.9  per  cent,  were  green 
blind,  44.4  per  cent,  red,  and  5.5  per  cent 
blue-blind. 

"  My  attention,"  adds  Dr.  Keyser,  "  wat 
attracted  to  two  peculiarities  among  tbost 
found  color-blind.  One  was  the  fact  of  tw* 
men  who  could  not  distinguish  red  from  greet 
on  test,  but  had  educated  themselves  to  know 
that  red  was  an  intense  color,  and  thus  briglr 
red  signals,  by  their  luminosity,  but  at  th« 
same  time  bright  green  and  other  brigh' 
colors,  were  red  to  them,  and  for  such  saic 
they  would  stop  the  trains — thus  being  or 
the  safe  side  and  never  having  an  acciden- 
occur  to  them.  Green  they  called  a  deep  01 
dull  color,  and  dark  reds,  dark  greens  anc 
browns  were  all  greens  to  them,  and  tboj 
would  pass  them  by  as  all  right  on  tho  roa<< 
— thus  causing  them  to  be  unreliable  in  thoi: 
positions. 

"The  other  was  the  power  of  distinguishing 
bright  red  when  held  within  three  foot  of  th< 
eyes,  while  at  10,  20  and  30  feet  it  was  in 
variably  called  green.  This  person  in  sorting 
wools  picked  out  bright  reds  and  light  green: 
for  red. 

"  It  was  just  as  necessary,"  he  said,  "  tha 
sea  faring  men  should  be  free  from  the  det'ec 
of  color-blindness  as  the  railroad  men  in  ordo; 
to  prevent  collisions  at  night." — Condenm 
imm  the  Public  Ledger. 

Effect  of  Vaccination.— An  effort  to  indue' 
the  British  House  of  Commons  to  ropeal  th1 


THE    FRIEND. 


183 


compulsory  vaccination  law,  failed  of  success 
—only  1G  members  voting  for  it  of  302  who 
vere  present.  It  was  shown  that  in  last  een- 
ury  the  annual  deaths  from  small-pox  in 
England  and  Wales,  averaged  3000  in  the 
nillion  of  population,  and  that  as  vaccination 
lad  become  general,  the  number  was  gradu- 
ally diminished;  and  that  from  1871  to  1883, 
he  period  during  which  the  compulsory  law 
lad  been  in  operation,  the  average  had  been 
educed  to  15(3  in  the  million. 


Items. 

— Arbitration. — In  the  debates  in  the  French 
'arliament  on  the  affairs  of  China  and  Tonquin, 
Frederick  Passy,  one  of  the  members,  introduced  a 
esolution  expressive  of  desire  that  the  consideration 
f  the  questions  pending  between  the  Governments 
f  China  and  France,  may  be  referred  to  the  good 
ffiees  of  a  friendly  power.  The  resolution  was  not 
dopted ;  but  its  introduction  and  discussion  may 
aye  an  effect  in  familiarizing  the  public  mind  with 
lis  method  of  settling  disputes,  and  thus  tend  to 
romote  the  cause  of  peace. 

—Civil  Bights  for  the  Indiana. —The  first  annual 
icetingof  the  Indians'  Rights  Association,  was  held 
l  Philadelphia  on  the  18th  of  12th  month.  Its  ob- 
jct  is  to  procure  civil  rights  for  the  Indians  and  to 
romote  their  civilization.  The  Annual  Report 
lowed  that  many  addresses  in  favor  of  their  object 
ad  been  made  in  various  cities,  and  8800  pam'ph- 
;ts  had  been  circulated.  It  was  stated  that  bills  to 
scure  the  allotment  of  lands  to  the  Indians  in 
weralty  will  be  presented  at  the  present  session  of 


—Meeting  of 'the  Christian  Assoriation.— The  recent 
letting  of  this  body  in  Philadelphia,  in  opposition 
)  secret  societies,  was  not  largely  attended — public 
mtiment  not  having  been  much  awakened  to  the 
vil  effects  and  probable  dangers  of  such  combina- 
ons.  Resolutions  were  adopted,  condemning  them 
5  subversive  both  of  Christian  religion  and  of  free 
istitutions;  affirming  that  the  greatest  element  of 
rength  in  the  Mormon  system  is  in  its  oath-bound 
scresy;  and  characterizing  the  so-called  Grand 
.rmy  of  the  Republic  as  a  useless  form  of  secret 
rganization,  better  fitted  for  keeping  alive  the 
temories  of  war,  than  for  advancing  the  interests 
f  peace. 

The  Association  purposes  shortly  commencing  the 
ublication  of  a  weekly  paper  in  Washington  to 
jread  its  views. 

At  the  meeting  an  interesting  letterwas  read  from 
tir  friend  Josiah  W.  Leeds,  as  follows: — 

"Philada.,  12th  mo.  18th,  1883. 

"  I  have  been  interested  to  hear  of  the  call  for  a 
onvention  to  be  held  this  evening  and  to-morrow,! 
t  opposition  to  secret  societies,  belonging  as  I  do] 
)  a  religious  denomination  which  is.  and  has  been' 
nee  its  rise,  virtually  a  unit  in  declaring  against 
rganizations  of  that  character.  Such  a  movement, 
am  sure,  ought  to  meet  with  full  sympathy  in  this 
ty  of  William  Penn,  when  we  consider  that  the 
firit  animating  its  founder  was  that  of  the  broadest 
hristiau  benevolence,  and  that  the  right  hand  and 
*rip'  of  helpfulness  was  not  restricted  to  those  of' 
ae  set,  or  creed,  or  cast  of  thinking,  but  embraced, 
l  its  pure  philanthropic  purpose,  all  people  of  what - 
rer  nation,  color,  or  religious  belief,  who  desired) 
i  dwell  together  in  true  brotherhood — to  be  '  neigh- ] 
Drs'  one  toward  another  as  exemplified  in  the  par- 
jle  of  the  Good  Samaritan. 

"But,  I  chiefly  desire,  in  penning  this  note,  to  in- 
icate  one  direction  in  which  your  helpful  counsels 
ay  be  of  special  service,  (because  I  think  it  is 
kely  to  be  overlooked,)  that  is  to  say , — with  respect 
i  secret  societies  as  affecting  the  negro  race  in  this 
■epublic.  *  *  *  I  observe  that  a  fondness  for 
ining  with  secret  societies  is  (so  it  appears  to  me) 
jing  rapidly  developed  by  this  people.  In  looking 
rer  a  weekly  paper  which  is  sent  to  me,  and  which 

published  by  negroes  in  the  (professed)  interest 
|  industrial  education,  in  a  Southern  city,  I  have 
sen  both  disappointed  and  pained  to  see  the  fre- 
lent  references  to  secret  society  lodges,  so  that  I 
a.ve  been  led  to  ask  myself  whether  the  publicity 


and  approval  given  to  those  matters  might  not  in 
the  end  over-balance  any  good  presumably  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  paper's  advocacy  of  industrial  pur- 
suits. 

"  The  foolishness  of  this  lodge  affiliation  (whether 
by  blacks  or  whites,)  was  forcibly  presented  to  me 
several  months  ago,  when,  riding  in  a  horse  car  be- 
side a  talkative  and  self-important  negro,  the  latter 
confidentially  observed  to  me  that  he  had  purposely 
come  up  from  the  seaside  to  take  part  in  a  ceremony 
of  his  lodge.  He  had  a  big  bundle  in  his  lap,  which 
I  understood  contained  the  trappings  in  which  he 
was  to  appear.  Upon  my  querying,  What  good  ? 
'Why,  you  know  Jesus  Christ  "was  a  Mason,' he 
seriously  said.  I  told  him  I  did  not  wish  to  hear 
any  talk  of  that  sort  about  One  who  was  the  Light 
Himself,  and  who  said  that  '  men  loved  darkness 
rather  than  light  because  their  deeds  were  evil,'  and 
whose  Apostles  also  declared  that  Christians  must 
have  '  no  fellowship  with  the  unfruitful  works  of 
darkness.'     He  did  not  pursue  the  subject. 

"  Desiring  the  Divine  favor  upon  your  delibera- 
tions, which  I  trust  may  be  conducted  free  from  any 
mere  strife  of  tongues  and  to  God's  glory,  I  am  thy 
friend,  and  the  friend  of  the  cause  which  is  that  of 
the  light.  Josiah  W.  Leeds." 


THE    FRIEND. 

FIRST  MONTH  12,  1SS4. 


"A  ceremony  which  rarely  takes  place  in 
a  Canadian  Baptist  Church  was  performed 
in  the  North  Toronto  Baptist  Church  last 
Sunday  by  Rev.  Elmore  Harris.  Mr.  J.  F. 
Barker,  superintendent  of  Pickering  College 
at  Duffin'a  Creek,  and  a  minister  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  was  immersed  by  Mr.  Harris. 
The  novelty  lies  in  the  fact  that  Mr.  Barker 
has  not  joined  the  Baptist  Church,  and  does 
not  intend  doing  so,  as  he  proposes  remaining 
a  Quaker.  Before  performing  the  ordinance 
Mr.  Harris  submitted  the  matter  to  the 
deacons,  and  afterwards  to  the  church  mem- 
bership. The  deacons  consented,  and,  a  ma- 
jority of  the  members  consenting,  the  rite 
was  administered." — Toronto  Mail,  8th  of 
12th  mo. 

The  views  of  the  Society  of  Friends  on  the 
subject  of  water-baptism  are  so  well  known, 
that  it  may  seem  strange  that  any  one  who 
submits  to  that  rite,  should  do  so  with  the 
intention  of  remaining  a  member  of  a  body, 
whose  principles  he  so  openly  violates. 

J.  F.  Barker  belongs  to  that  class  who  are 
in  harmony  with  the  changes  that  have  been 
introduced  into  our  borders  of  latter  years ; 
and  who  appear  to  think,  that  they  can  do 
more  good  in  the  world,  by  a  style  of  preach- 
ing and  an  adoption  of  "  revival"  measures, 
calculated  to  stir  up  the  emotions,  than  they 
can  by  a  simple  dependence  on  the  Spirit  ofi 
Christ,  and  following  where  it  leads.  Having; 
departed  from  the  fundamental  principle  ofi 
our  profession,  they  are  like  ships  without  an  I 
anchor  ;  and  may  drift  in  any  direction  that 
circumstances  may  impel  them.  It  is  there- 
fore not  surprising  that  such  should  come  to 
have  no  testimony  to  bear  against  outward 
rites  and  ceremonies;  and  even  to  be  willing 
to  conform  thereto.  Yet  as  water-baptism 
has  ever  been  regarded  by  those  who  prac- 
tise it,  as  a  sign  of  admission  into  the  Chris- 
tian church,  there  is  an  inconsistency  in  its 
being  administered  to  one,  who  supposes  him- 
self already  within  its  inclosure.  This,  it  is 
reasonable  to  believe,  J.  F.  Barker  thinks  is 
his  own  situation,  since  "he  proposes  tore- 
main  a  Quaker."     We  should  have  thought 


his  course  more  consistent  if  he  had  formally 
joined  the  Baptists,  when  he  submitted  to  be 
immersed  in  water  by  one  of  their  officers. 

We  do  not  know  what  are  the  doctrines,  or 
the  rules  devised  for  their  maintenance,  in 
the  new  discipline  adopted  by  the  portion  of 
Canada  Yearly  Meeting  to  which  this  person 
belongs;  with  which  many  Friends  in  Canada 
were  so  uneasy,  that  the  attempt  to  force  it 
upon  their  Yearly  Meeting  resulted  in  a  sepa- 
ration within  their  borders.  But  it  is  scarcely 
probable  that  any  provision  is  made  in  it 
which  would  openly  sanction  such  departures 
from  our  spiritual  views  of  the  Christian  re- 
ligion. If  the  members  of  the  body  to  which 
J.  F.  Barker  belongs  take  no  action  in  such  a 
ease,  it  will  tend  to  confirm  the  members  of 
our  Society  elsewhere  in  the  fear,  that  they 
are  not  prepared  faithfully  to  uphold  the  prin- 
ciples which  our  earl}-  Friends  so  earnestly 
and  unflinchingly  maintained. 

Joseph  Pike"  who  was  an  Elder  held  in 
great  esteem  in  the  church  in  Ireland,  near 
the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  makes  these 
remarks  :  "  If  every  unruly  or  disorderly  per- 
son were  left  to  their  own  liberty,  to  do  and 
act  as  the}-  please,  or  to  advance  doctrine 
contrary  to  what  we  believe,  and  this  without 
dealing  with,  or  controlling  them,  I  say  such 
forbearance  might  justly  render  us  accounta- 
ble for  such  actions  or  doctrines.  We  might 
also  bid  farewell  to  all  just  pretences  to  be 
the  true  members  of  the  body  or  church  of 
Christ ;  and  instead  thereof,  be  rendered  a 
confused,  distracted  body,  drawing  ami  di- 
viding confusedly,  some  one  way  and  some 
another,  until  at  length  those  who  were  not 
guided  by  Truth,  would  run  out  into  the  wide 
sea  of  the  world." 

We  have  received  a  request  to  notice  an 
error  in  the  Minutes  of  Iowa  Yearly  Meeting 
of  Friends  (Smaller  Body)  on  page  9,  and  in 
the  answer  to  the  5th  Query  of  Women 
Friends'  Minutes.  Where  it  now  reads  our 
case  pleads  for  war ;  it  should  read  one  case 
pleads  for  war  and  self-defence  which  is  under 
care. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.  —  Both  Houses  of  Congress  re- 
assembled on  the  7th  instant.  In  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, 670  resolutions  and  bills  were  introduced  on 
that  Hay,  among  the  latter  was  one  by  Representative 
Browne,  of  Indiana,  that  "  whenever  any  foreign  Gov- 
ernment shall  prohibit  or  impose  undue  restriction  on 
the  importation  into  its  ports  or  markets  of  American 
cattle  or  swine,  or  the  products  of  such  cattle  or  swine, 
the  President  shall  by  proclamation  prohibit  the  impor- 
tation into  the  United  States  of  the  wines  and  other 
liquors,  or  such  other  merchandise  of  such  country  as 
the  President  may  designate;  and  this  prohibition  shall 
continue  until  the  prohibition  of  the  foreign  country  is 
annulled." 

The  public  debt  statement  shows  a  decrease  of  §11,- 
743,3.37  during  12th  month. 

The  amount  of  gold  in  the  United  States  at  the  pre- 
sent time  is  estimated  to  be  S"i7s,niil),ii(l0,  being  an  in- 
crease of  $300,000,000  within  five  years. 
_  On  the  4th  instant,  Agent  Llewellyn  took  a  delega- 
tion of  New  Mexico  Miscalero  Indians  to  the  Interior 
Department  in  Washington,  to  endeavor  to  recover 
possession  of  a  tract  of  land  (about  9000  acres)  alleged 
to  have  been  withdrawn  from  the  Miscalero  reservation 
by  an  erroneous  survey. 

Advices  from  Tucson,  Arizona  Territory,  say  that  the 
last  of  the  Apache  renegades  from  Sonora  surrendered 
at  San  Carlos.  The  Indians  are  contented,  and  general 
security  is  felt.  There  is  a  general  revival  of  prosperity 
throughout  the  territory,  and  the  mining  outlook  is  said 
to  be  flattering. 

A  telegram  from  Ottawa  says  that  agents  of  the  Min- 
nesota flour  mills  have  appeared  there  for  the  purpose 


181 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  soliciting  orders  for  American  flour.  Tliey  expect 
to  find  a  good  market,  the  Canadian  wheat  crop  being 
short. 

Seventli  and  First-days,  the  5th  and  6th  instants, 
were  the  coldest  of  the  season  in  the  North-west,  West 
and  South.  On  Seventh-day  night  temperatures  were 
reported  of  27  degrees  below  zero  at  Chicago  ;  32  below 
at  Dubuque  ;  24  below  at  Des  Moines,  Kansas  City,  and 
Indianapolis;  48  below  at  Jamestown,  Dakota;  39  be- 
low at  Bismarck,  Dakato;  20  below  at  Si.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota; 20  below  at  Louisville,  Kentucky;  23  below  at  St. 
Louis  ;  14  below  at  Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  '20  below  al  Cin- 
cinnati, and  5  below  at  Pittsburg.  On  First-day  tem- 
peratures are  reported  of  43  degrees  below  zero  at  Moor- 
head,  Minnesota;  41  below  at  Fort  Buford,  Dakota;  39 
below  at  Bismarck,  Dakota  ;  42  below  at  Brainerd,  Min- 
nesota; 32  below  at  Fond  du  Lie,  Wisconsin  ;  30  to  35 
below  at  Minneapolis,  Minmsota;  23  below  at  Mil- 
waukee, Wisconsin  ;  14  below  at  Chicago  and  2  to  4 
below  at  St.  Louis.  At  Rockford,  Illinois,  the  day  was 
the  coldest  known  for  forty  years,  the  temperature 
standing  at  25  below  zero  all  day. 

In  the  South  many  orange  trees  were  killed,  and  it 
is  believed  the  whole  crop  of  spring  cabbages  in  Mobile 
county,  numbering  nearly  4,000,000  head,  and  valued 
at  tive  hundred  thousand  dollars,  is  lost.  At  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina,  at  4  o'clock  First-day  morning,  it 
was  13  above  zero,  the  coldest  weather  recorded  there 
in  135  years.  At  Petersburg,  Virginia,  on  Seventh-day 
night  it  was  5  below. 

The  weather  at  Vergennes,  Vermont,  was  the  coldest 
experienced  in  ten  years,  tbe  thermometer  registering 
36  degrees  below  zero;  at  West  Randolph  it  registered 
38  degrees  below  ;  Brattleboro,  20  to  25  below  ;  White 
River  Junction,  25  below;  at  Johnsbury,  40  below, 
Barre,  42  below,  Woodstock,  New  Hampshire,  36  be- 
low, Hanover,  New  Hampshire,  2s  to  35  below. 

The  payments  for  duties  at  the  Custom  House  in 
Boston  during  1883,  amounted  to  $22,730,000,  a  de- 
crease of  §2,000,000  from  the  payments  in  1882. 

Don  Miguel,  who  was  the  first  English-speaking  set- 
tler in  California,  went  there  in  1817.  He  is  now  over 
80  years  old  and  lives  in  Los  Angeles,  where  he  and 
his  wife  are  surrounded  by  their  grandchildren  and 
great-grandchildren. 

A  meeting  of  prominent  citizens  was  held  in  San 
Francisco  on  Fifth-day  evening  the  3d  inst.,  to  arrange 
for  holding  a  World's  Fair  in  that  city  in  1887.  Gov- 
ernor Stoneman  presided  and  read  letters  from  the 
Pacific  coast  Congressmen  promising  to  support  tbe 
scheme.  It  was  resolved  to  provide  a  guarantee  fund 
of  $1,000,000,  and  when  this  is  obtained  to  petition 
Congress  and  the  State  Legislature  for  appropriations. 
It  is  said  the  meeting  represented  $300,000,000. 

The  Baltimore  Manufacturers'  Mec.rd  publishes  an 
article  showing  the  remarkable  growth  in  the  cotton 
manufacturing  interests  of  the  South  during  the  last 
three  years,  it  says  there  are  now  314  cotton  mills  in 
the  South,  having  1,276,422  spindles  and  24,873  looms, 
while  at  the  time  the  census  was  taken,  in  1880,  tbe 
South  had  only  180  mills,  with  713,989  spindles  and 
15,222  looms.  In  1.880  the  value  of  tbe  manufactured 
cotton  produced  at  the  South  was  a  little  over  $21,000,- 
000,  while  in  1883  tbe  value  had  risen  to  between  4  35,- 
000,000  and  $40,000  000. 

The  Chicago  Railiraij  Aye  states  that  during  the  pre- 
sent year  6600  miles  of  main  railway  tracks  have  been 
laid  in  the  United  States  at  a  cost  of  about  $165,000,000. 
The  total  number  of  miles  of  railway  in  the  country  is 
now  about  120,000. 

The  aggregate  receipts  of  all  kinds  of  grain  in  Cin- 
cinnati during  the  year  fell  off  4,300,000  bushels,  and 
the  shipments  declined  nearly  as  much.  The  principal 
decline  was  in  wheat  and  corn. 

Dr.  Edward  Lasker,  the  well-known  German  politi- 
cal leader,  and  member  of  the  Reichstag,  died  suddenly 
in  New  York,  at  one  o'clock  on  Seventh-day  morning 
last. 

It  was  said  at  a  meeting  of  tbe  Philadelphia  Society 
for  Organizing  Charity  recently,  that  two  "Wayfarers' 
Lodges"  will  be  established  in  this  city  similar  to  those 
in  Boston  and  London. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  427, 
which  was  two  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
18  more  than  during  tbe  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  tbe  foregoing  229  were  males,  and  198  females:  49 
died  of  consumption  ;  37  of  pneumonia  ;  24  of  croup: 
24  of  diphtheria;  21  of  convulsions;  16  of  old  age;  17 
of  typhoid  fever  and  13  of  scarlet  fever. 

Mwkete,  dec— U.  8.  4J's,  111';  4's,  123.1;  3's,  101  ; 
currency  6's,  129  a  135. 

( 'niton  -Prices  were  rather  firmer  ;  sales  of  middlings 
were  reported  at  10:J  a  11  els.  per  pound  for  uplands 
and  New  Orleans. 


Petroleum. — Standard  while,  9]  a  9:]  cts.  for  export, 
and  10]  a  105  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  in  light  request  but  steady.     Sales  of  1950 
barrels,    including    Minnesota     bakers',    at    $5   a   $6; 
Pennsylvania   family  at  $4.90   a  $5;  western  do., 
$5.25  a  $5.90,  and  patents  at  4:6  a  $6.75.     Rye  flour 
quiet  at  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain.  —  Wheat  was  unsettled  and  lower:  About 
10,000  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.12 
a  $1.12J  ;  No.  2  at  $1.07  a  $1.12  per  bushel,  tbe  latter 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  $1.01  per  bushel,  and 
15,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.06.'.  a  $1.07i  1st  mo., 
$I.08f  a$1.09]-2d  mo.,  $1.11}  a  $1.1  U  3rd  mo.,  $1.13 
a  $1.14  4th  mo.,  and  $1.15  a  $1.16  5th  mo.  Corn.— Car 
lots  were  unsettled  :  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  59  a 
61  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow,  and 
50  a  56  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer,  and  20,000  bushels 
sail  mixed  at  60|  a  61  cts.  1st  mo.,  61|  a  62$  cts.  2d 
mo.,  62i  a  63i  cts.  3rd  mo.,  63  a  64J  cts.  4th  mo.,  and 
65  a  67  cts.  5th  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  firm.  About 
12,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  41  a  43  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  414  a  43  cts. 
1st  mo.,  42  a  42]-  cts.  2d  mo.,  42£  a  43  cts.  3d"  mo.,  43  a 
44  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  44  a  45  cts.  5th  mo.  Rye  was  un- 
changed. Small  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts.  per 
bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  1st 
mo.  5th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  248  ;  loads  of  straw,  42  ; 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  SO  a  90  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  good  demand,  and  prices  were  a 
fraction  higher:  2500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  5]  a  7  j  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  higher:  8000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4  a  64,  and  lambs  at  4$  a 
7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  a  fraction  higher  :  4500  head  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  8|  a  9  cts.  per  lb.,  as  to  quality. 

Fokeign. — In  a  lecture  delivered  at  Manchester,  Eng- 
land, recently,  Leo  Grindon  estimated  that  out  of  the 
100,000  known  species  of  flowering  plants  10,000  are 
of  direct  service  to  man,  and  5000  are  more  or  less 
poisonous  or  hurtful. 

The  Standard's  Cairo  correspondent  says  :  "  Although 
Great  Britain  insists  on  the  abandonment  of  the  Soudan 
south  and  west  of  Wady  Haifa,  she  will  assist  the 
Egyptian  army  in  tbe  defence  of  the  frontier.  The 
Egyptian  Ministry  demand  that  England  shall  either 
annex  Egypt  or  depart  from  the  country,  as  the  Minis- 
try are  allowed  neither  to  help  themselves  nor  to  apply 
elsewhere  for  the  help  which  they  are  entitled  to  ex- 
pect from  England." 

The  Khedive,  in  defending  his  position,  in  an  inter- 
view with  the  Cario  correspondent  of  tbe  Times,  showed 
that  he  was  personally  prepared  to  yield  to  the  de- 
mands of  the  English  note.  He  repudiated  the  report 
that  he  designed  to  abdicate.  He  believed  that  if  tbe 
Ministry  of  Cberif  Pasha  should  retire,  their  successors 
would  easily  lie  found. 

The  United  States  Consul  General  at  Cairo  reports 
that  in  well-informed  official  circles  the  number  of 
deaths  from  cholera  in  Egypt  is  estimated  at  between 
65,000  and  70,000. 

Currieu,  the  young  Alsatian,  who  on  the  afternoon 
of  11th  mo.  16th,  forced  his  way  into  the  reception 
room  of  the  Senate  Chamber  with  a  loaded  revolver, 
with  the  avowed  intention  to  shoot  Prime  Minister 
Ferry,  and  who  was  arrested,  has  been  tried  and  con- 
victed. He  was  sentenced  to  three  months'  imprison- 
ment. When  arrested  Currieu  staled  that  the  murder 
of  the  French  Ministers  bad  been  agreed  upon  at  a 
meeting  of  a  secret  society  at  Lille,  and  that  be  had 
come  to  Paris  to  execute  tbe  mandate  of  the  society.  It 
was  subsequently  ascertained  that  be  was  a  violent 
fanatic  and  was  a  member  of  secret  societies  at  Lille 
and  Roubaix.  He  threatened  that  when  he  was  re- 
leased from  prison  he  would  be  more  successful  in  an- 
other attempt  to  kill  Minister  Ferry.  Tbe  leniency  of 
Currieu's  sentence  is  due  to  the  fact  that  be  was' in- 
dicted on  tbe  minor  charge  of  assaulting  a  clerk  in  the 


Foreign  Department,  insti 
attempting  to  shoot  tbe  Prime  .' 
A  despatch  to  Renter'-  Tel, 
Madrid  says  it  is  announced  that 
ment  will 'shortly  be  concluded 
United  States,  by  which  Spain 
so-called  thirty-column  tariff  to 
into  Cuba  and"  Porto   Rico,  whit 


iver  charge  of 
Jtnpany    from 


The  United  States  will  abolish  the  ten  per  cent,  a 
valorem  duties  on  imports  from  Cuba  and  Porto  Ric 
under  the  Spanish  Hag.  Complete  equality  of  tr 
ment  will  be  established  between  Cuba  and  Porto  I 
on  the  one  hand  and  the  United  States  on  the  othe 
The  American  custom  house  officials  will  also  furnis 
Spanish  Consuls  with  statistics  regarding  tbe  quantit 
of  sugar  and  tobacco  imported  from  the  Antilles.  Thi 
arrangement  will  come  into  force  on  3rd  month  1st,  an 
will  be  a  prelude  to  a  complete  treaty  of  commerce  an 
navigation  between  Spain  and  the  United  States. 

Tbe  Paris  correspondent  of  the  Post  states  that  th 
French  Government  proposes  to  sell  the  State  railwayi 
It  is  believed  that  the  Rothschilds,  in  behalf  of  certai 
great  railway  companies,  have  offered  the  Governmen 
420,000,000  francs  for  the  lines.  If  the  sale  is  effecte. 
the  Government  will  be  enabled  to  dispense  with  it 
contemplated  loan  of  400,000,000  francs. 

A  despatch  to  the  Times  from  Durban  states  tha 
news  received  there  from  Madagascar  announces  that 
representative  of  the  Madagascar  Government,  em 
powered  to  conclude  a  peace,  had  arrived  at  Tamatavt 
which  was  occupied  by  the  French  forces.  The  Mala 
gassys  agree  to  accept  the  ultimatum  offered  them  b 
tbe  French,  to  cede  France  the  northern  part  of  th 
island  from  St.  Andre  to  Cape  Bellone.  Thesettlemer 
of  tbe  guarantees  is  to  be  referred  to  the  Hova  Govern 
ment,  but  an  agreement  thereupon  is  expected,  as  th 
Malagassys  are  desirous  of  getting  rid  of  the  Frenc. 
upon  any  terms  short  of  the  establishment  of  a  pre 
lectorate  over  the  island. 

Two  scientific  investigators,  one  Swiss  and  tbe  othel 
French,  have  been  analyzing  the  Alpine  air.  The! 
ascertained  that  entirely  pure  air  is  not  found  until  : 
altitude  is  reached  of  from  six  to  thirteen  thousand  feel 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  atmosphere  around  th 
lakes  below  that  level,  however  pure  and  beautiful  ap 
parently,  was  found  to  contain  bacteria.  Nevertheles 
it  was  pure  enough  by  comparison  with  that  of  th 
French  capital,  where  the  bacteria  contained  in  a  squar 
foot  of  air  are  seven  thousand  times  more  numerou 
than  those  in  the  same  quantity  of  air  in  one  of  th 
Swiss  valleys. 

The  mountains  of  Gellivara,  in  the  most  norther; 
part  of  Sweden,  consist  of  pure  magnetic  iron  in 
mense  layers  of  several  hundred  feet  thickness  upoi 
the  surface  of  the  ground.  One  of  these  peaks  alone  i 
supposed  to  contain  280,000,000  tons.  They  are  situate* 
near  large  forests,  furnishing  fuel,  and  are  less  than  ; 
hundred  miles  from  the  Atlantic.  It  is  intended  I 
build  a  railroad  around  the  mountains  to  a  port,  Ofotan; 
on  tbe  coast,  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  iron  ore  cai 
be  delivered  on  the  cars  at  the  low  price  of  two  shilling 
per  ton. 

A  sharp  shock  of  earthquake  was  felt  at  Sadickli 
near  Brousser,  Asia  Minor,  on  the  20th  inst.  Ther 
was  some  damage  to  property,  but  no  lives  were  lost. 

A  suburban  train,  containing  workmen,  ran  into 
freight  train  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  at  Humbei 
bout  seven  miles  from  Toronto,  on  the  morning  of  tin 
nd.  Twenty-two  persons  were  killed,  about  15  beim 
njured,  four  of  whom  have  since  died  and  three  other 
,ot  expected  to  recover. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
The   Committee   in  charge   of  this    Institution  wi 
meet  in   Philadelphia  on  the    11th    day  of  the  Firs 
month,  1884,  at  11  A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Instruction  and  tbe  Committee  01 
Admissions  meet  the  same  dav,  at  9  A.  M. 

Wm.  Evans,  Clerk. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Wesltowi 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train  Iron 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankjord,  ('Twenty -third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  bi 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  < 
Managers. 


Marlb, 


Stark  Co.,  Ohio,  12th  mo.  16th 
1SS3,  Sami'KL  C.  Kkevk,  in  the  81st  year  of  his  age 
He  was  a  sincere  believer  in  the  ancient  doctrines  and 
testimonies  of  Friends,  and  an  humble  follower  of  tin 
meek  and  lowly  Jesus.  His  children  and  relatives  havi 
the  consoling  evidence  that  his  end  was  peace,  and  thai 
their  loss  is  his  eternal  gain. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII, 


SEVENTH-DAY,  FIRST  MONTH 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

ubscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  b' 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Ent( 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. 

DANGER    OF    LOSING    A    GOOD    CONDITION. 

There  is  much  food  for  profitable  reflection 

the  exhortation,  "Let  him  that  thinketh 
lie  standeth  take  heed  lest  he  fall."     There 

e  many  passages  in  the  Bible  which  show 
that  it  is  not  sufficient  for  us  to  know  a  good 
beginning  only  in  the  journey  towards  our 
Heavenly  Zion,  but  that  we  must  know  a 
continued  progress  therein,  if  we  expect  to 
receive  the  end  of  our  faith,  even  the  salva- 
tion of  our  souls.  The  command  of  our  Sa- 
viour to  his  disciples,  "  Watch  and  pray  lest 
ye  enter  into  temptation,"  He  enjoins  upon 
all,  even  the  most  experienced. 

There  are  few  or  perhaps  none  of  those 
who  have  attained  to  a  good  degree  of  re- 
ligious stability,  that,  in  reviewing  their  life, 
cannot  recall  seasons  when  through  unwatcb- 
Ifulness  and  neglect  of  dailj'  seeking  for 
communion  with  God,  their  spiritual  affec- 
tions were  in  measure  benumbed,  and  their 
thoughts  too  much  occupied  with  other  lovers. 
Had  it  not  been  for  the  continued  love  and 
mercy  of  our  gracious  Lord,  who  afresh  ex- 
tended his  visitations  to  their  souls,  and 
aroused  them  from  spiritual  slumber,  they 
would  have  become  more  and  more  negligent 
of  their  eternal  interests. 

If  the  holy  watch  is  not  maintained,  any 
of  the  varied  engagements  that  claim  a  share 
of  our  time  and  thoughts  may  become  a  snare, 
however  proper  or  allowable  they  may  be 
when  kept  in  due  subjection  to  the  cross  of 
Christ. 

John  Churchman  mentions  having  a  meet- 
ing among  some  tender-spirited  people  in 
Massachusetts,  towards  whom  the  doctrine 
of  truth  flowed  freely.  He  says,  "When  the 
meeting  was  over,  I  felt  an  uncommon  free- 
dom to  leave  them,  for  they  began  to  show 
their  satisfaction  with  the  opportunity  in 
many  words  ;  so  speaking  to  the  Friend  who 
went  with  me,  we  withdrew  and  went  to  our 
horses.  On  mounting,  I  beheld  the  man  of 
the  house  where  the  meeting  was  held,  run- 
ning to  me,  who  taking  hold  of  the  bridle, 
told  me  I  must  not  go  away  without  dining 
with  them.  I  looked  steadfastly  on  him  and 
told  him,  that  I  did  believe  this  was  a  visita- 
tion for  their  good,  but  I  was  fearful  that  by 
talking  too  freely  and  too  much,  they  would 
be  in  danger  of  losino'  the  benefit  thereof,  and 


and  my  going  away  was  in  order  to  example 
them  to  go  home  to  their  own  houses,  and 
turn  inward  and  retire  to  the  Divine  Witness 
in  their  own  hearts,  which  was  the  only  way 
to  grow  in  religion." 

Anna  Shipton  mentions  meeting  with  a 
woman  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  who  had 
been  a  Christian,  but  had  become  miserably 
entangled  in  the  snares  of  the  world.  She 
says  of  her,  "  She  had  rambled  from  one  coun- 
try to  another,  devoted  to  art  and  enthralled 
by  the  beauty  of  nature,  which  she  strove  to 
justify  as  tastes  given  by  God  to  be  cultivated. 
Her   days    were   passed    in    sight-seeing,    in 


strove  to  forget  her  loneliness?  Death,  the 
grave,  eternity,  swallowed  up  the  heart's  false 
idols ! 

'•The  child  of  faith  needs  to  be  assured  of 
the  will  of  the  Lord  before  he  goes  forth  on 
foreign  travel,  aimless  in  all  but  the  gratifica- 
tion of  what  is  called  the  natural  taste.  The 
continual  change  of  scene,  the  contact  with 
what  he  would  at  first  gladly  avoid,  will  other- 
wise humble  or  depress  him.  It  may  possibly 
end  by  his  looking  more  leniently  on  what 
first  filled  him  with  dismay.  The  lovety 
scenes  and  the  enervating  climate  may  weak- 
en the  life  of  faith  by  giving  a  preponderance 


churches,  galleries,  studios  and  antiquities  ;  to  that  of  sense.  Thus  his  own  fair  inherit- 
her  ear  and  mind  were  filled  with  masses  and  ante  and  the  eternal  glory,  will  wane  paler 
music;  until  the  natural  vision  of  the  natural  :and  paler  to  the  spiritual  eye.  Things  that 
mind  came  between  the  eye  of  faith  and  its  ceased  to  be  desired  are  no  longer  realized, 
heavenly  vision,  and  destroyed  the  happy  and  this  world's  idols  take  possession  of  the 
sense  of  adoption.  |mind.     With  Christ  as  our  companion,  our 

"  She  sought  in  vain  to  deaden  her  sense  of  Shepherd,  and    our   light,   we    may   sojourn 

safely  in  the  stranger's  land,  as  elsewhere. 
Without  Him  there  is  danger  everywhere  ; 
perhaps  in  no  position  so  insidiously  as  in 
foreign  travel." 

A  writer  in  the  Earnest  Christian  mentions 
meeting  with  a  woman  at  a  meeting  in  Chi- 
cago, whose  sorrowful  countenance  betok- 
ened sadness  of  heart.  In  a  conversation 
which  followed,  she  said  that  she  had  once 


desertion  and  lost  peace,  by  the  passing  in 
terests  of  the  hour.  She  mourned  to  look 
back  ;  she  feared  to  look  forward. 

•'The  cry  of  desolation  that  broke  from  that 
wandering  heart,  asshe  threw  herself  weeping 
into  my  arms,  rings  in  my  ear  now.  Oh  that 
I  could  convey  its  echo  to  another  on  the 
same  perilous  track!  Like  a  poor  bird  under 
the  deadly  fascination  of  the  snake,  sheseemed 


~— V   -~~~....~.,..^.,  ^..  ...vUi.ii..v,uuv^vi.iinJ«     vwiilu    lununtu,  out;    s<uu     liiuu    suu    ijiiu    unet 

unable  to  flee  from  the  enchantment  of  sense  been  a  happy  earnest  Christian,  but  had  mar 
that  spread  its  web  covertly  around  her.  ried  a  man  who  was  not  a  religious  person. 

"Amidst  bitter  weeping  she  told  me  that  He  did  not  like  to  see  her  reading  the  Bible, 
the  nearest  and  dearest  of  her  own'  family  J  or  to  hear  her  conversing  on  religious  sub- 
now  with  Jesus  were  trophies  of  the  grace  of  jects,  and  soon  began  to  object  to  her  going 
God  given  to  her  own  faith  and  prayer.    Yet  to  meetings   for   worship,  and    would    seem 


those  cold  hands,  that  now  clung  convulsively 
around  me,  before  another  day  had  passed 
were  busily  engaged  in  preparing  her  fashion- 
able apparel  for  the  evening's  festivities. 

"Day  by  day  she  made  appointments  with 
me  which  she  failed  to  keep.  Disappointed 
aud  dispirited  these  waiting  hours  passed 
wearily  away,  and  our  few  meetings  were 
brief  and  at  more  distant  periods. 

Late  one  night,  long  after  all  hope  of  sec- 
her  had  failed,  she  came  to  bid  me  fare- 
well ;  and  this  was  our  saddest  meeting  of  all 

t  was  our  last. 

' '  Pray  for  me,'  she  repeated,  as  she  hung 
upon  my  neck.  '  Pray  that  anyhow  I  may 
be  taken  out  of  all  this.  Ask  that  I  may  be 
stopped,  for  I  am  going  downwards,  down- 
wards !' " 

'  I  heard  of  her  again  ;  she  lay  prostrate 
with  the  fever  of  the  country.  During  her 
'ast  illness  she  expressed  a  wish  to  see  me. 
It  was  delayed  from  fear  of  agitating  her. 
And  so  she  died." 

'  Bitterly  mourning,  as  I  know  she  did,  her 
forfeited  peace,  her  wasted  time,  her  lost 
blessing,  what  availed  her  those  purple  moun- 
tains, and  cloudless  skies  and  sunny  shores, 
in  which  her  natural  taste  delighted,  and 
where  she  found  a  foreign  grave?  What 
availed  her  art's  multiplied  forms  of  beauty, 


iss  of  the  good  the  Lord  intended  for  them;  or   the  sweet   sounds    in    which    she  vainly 


gry  or  displeased  when  she  returned  from 
them.  To  please  her  husband,  she  gave  up 
all  these  things  ;  and  in  thus  yielding  her  own 
convictions  of  what  was  right,  she  lost  her 
peace  of  mind  and  happiness.  "  And  now," 
she  said,  "five  weeks  ago,  I  left  my  home  to 
visit  friends  in  this  city,  and  I  have  received 
a  letter  from  my  husband  saying  be  has  no 
affection  for  me,  and  hopes  I  shall  not  come 
back  again."  And  she  added,  "  O,  if  I  had 
only  been  faithful  unto  God,  I  should  have 
been  happy  myself,  and  I  believe  before  now 
he  would  have  been  converted  too." 


Dr.  Charles  C.  Beatty,  of  Steubenville,  O., 
had  a  peculiar  method  of  disposing  of  his 
wealth.  At  first  he  prayerfully  set  apart 
one-tenth  of  his  income  for  the  cause  of  Chris- 
tianity ;  but  when  the  financial  revulsion  of 
1837  wrought  widespread  distress  he  resolved 
that  one-fourth  should  go  to  religion  and 
charity.  After  this,  in  view  of  the  fact  that, 
as  he  says  in  the  written  pledge  found  since 
his  recent  death,  the  Lord  had  blessed  him 
pecuniarily  "  beyond  what  he  had  ever  ex- 
pected or  desired,"  he  made  a  covenant  never 
to  allow  the  principal  of  his  fortune  to  exceed 
$70,000,  and  that  all  above  this  should  be 
given  away.  Accordingly,  the  value  of  his 
estate  is  $65,000,  and  the  aggregated  gifts 
amounted  to  $500,000. 


186 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  Artificial  Propagation  of  Pood  Fishes. 

It  is  apparent  to  all  who  have  taken  any 
interest  in  the  subject,  that  the  supply  of  our 
food  fishes  has  of  late  years  diminished  very 
considerably.  This  is  mainly  owing  to  the 
obstructing  of  streams  by  dams,  thus  prevent- 
ing the  fish  from  reaching  their  spawning- 
grounds;  the  fouling  of  the  water  by  refuse 
from  factories,  driving  the  fish  away  if  not 
actually  killing  them;  and  the  indiscriminate 
catching  of  fish. 

These  remarks  apply  only  to  so-called  fresh 
water  fishes  and  to  those  that  come  from  the 
sea  to  deposit  their  eggs  in  fresh  water. 
Proper  legislation  can  to  a  very  great  degree 
correct  this  evil,  and  is  the  only  true  remedy. 
But  while  waiting  for  the  cloth  to  be  taken 
from  the  eyes  of  justice,  experiments  have 
been  made  with  the  rearing  of  fish  by  arti- 
ficial means,  and  a  measure  of  success  has 
followed  these  endeavors.  Probably  the  best 
idea  of  the  modus  operandi  is  gained  by  ob- 
serving the  artificial  hatching  of  our  common 
shad  (Alosa  Sapid issima.) 

The  shad  spends  the  larger  part  of  its  life 
at  sea.  At  the  time  of  its  maturity  it  comes' 
to  the  coast  in  immense  schools,  going  up  the 
streams  and  depositing  spawn  in  shallow'! 
warm  water.  In  from  four  to  seven  days, 
those  eggs,  which  sink  to  the  bottom,  havei 
their  shells  ruptured  and  a  young  shad  comes' 
forth;  he  swims  around  for  several  months, 
growing  rapidly  in  the  warm  water,  and  as 
fall  comes  on  seeks  the  sea,  there  matures,' 
and  comes  back  to  fresh  water.  The  time 
necessary  to  reach  maturity  averages  four 
years.  The  eggs  arc  expelled  by  the  female, 
and  left  to  a  chance  fertilization  by  the  male,1 
and  before  and  after  fertilization  are  greedily! 
devoured  by  eels  and  other  fish  that  gather 
in  large  numbers  about  the  spawning  grounds. ' 
When  hatched,  the  first  few  days  of  existence' 
are  very  precarious,  their  food  value  in  the 
eyes  of  fishes  not  having  diminished.  The, 
most  favorable  estimate  of  the  percentage 
reaching  maturity  would  probably  not  be. 
more  than  one  in  five  hundred.  But  the  shad 
has  a  still  greater  enemy — man  ! 

As  soon  as  the  shad  reach  our  waters,  men' 
with  seines,  pound  and  gill-nets,  strive  to  allow 
none  to  escape  their  snares.  The  eggs  com- 
posing the  ''roe"  of  the  female  are  at  first  bj' 
no  means  matured,  and  even  though  they 
were,  there  was  no  chance,  till  within  a  few 
years,  for  a  single  egg  in  all  these  taken  fish 
ever  developing  into  a  young  shad. 

It  is  to  save  some  at  least  of  these  eggs  that 
a  United  States  Fish  Commission  baa  been 
started  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Spenser 
F.  Baird,  and  in  most  of  our  coast  States  we 
find  local  Fish  Commissions  established  for  a 
like  object.  After  the  first  of  the  year,  in  the 
Second  or  Third  month,  shad  make  their  ap- 
pearance in  Florida  waters;  and  as  spring 
advances  they  follow  and  reach  the  Connec- 
ticut river  about  the  Fifth  or  Sixth  month. 
The  hatching  of  the  shad  has  been  accom- 
plished by  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  chiefly 
within  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  There 
are  several  Government  shore  stations  ;  be- 
sides which  the  commission  has  a  steamer 
called  the  Fish  Hawk,  and  several  barges  for 
this  work.  The  steamer  and  barges  go  from 
place  to  place  as  the  occasion  demands. 

Having  learned  that  in  some  special  locality 
whore  shad  are  taken,  a  few  ripe  fish  have 
made  their  appearance,  men  are  sent  to  look 


after  them,  if  a  station  is  near;  or  the  Fish 
Hawk-  has  orders  to  go  to  that  place.  The 
commission  does  not  take  the  fish,  or,  I  should 
say,  capture  them,  but  sends  men  to  attend 
the  hauling  of  the  seines  or  fishing  of  the 
gill-nets.  When  the  fish  are  landed  on  the 
shore  or  thrown  into  the  giller's  boat,  these 
commission  men  overhaul  the  fish  for  ripe 
males  and  females,  and  give  the  "  stripped" 
fish  back  to  the  fisherman  ;  also  give  him  a 
card  which  the  commission  redeems  at  25 
cents  for  each  twenty-five  thousand  csrgs, — 
which  number  is  the  average  taken  from  a 
good  sized  female.  Thus  you  may  readily  see 
nothing  is  done  to  interfere  with  the  natural 
spawning  of  the  shad,  butan  endeavor  is  made 
to  save  that  which  otherwise  would  be  lost. 
The  roe  we  eat  at  our  tables  is  not  matured, 
but  is  termed  "green."  This  of  course  is 
necessarily  lost.  But.  as  the  spawning  season 
of  the  shad  lasts  for  some  weeks,  "ripe"  and 
"green"  fish  are  taken  in  the  same  haul.  In 
the  ripe  fish,  a  little  pressure  is  sufficient  to 
force  the  eggs  from  the  ovary,  and  these 
would  be  lost  in  transporting.  A  fish  maybe 
full  of  "over-ripe"  eggs — these  are  of  no  use 
to  the  commission.  So  an  experienced  man 
only  can  take  the  eggs,  for  they  must  be 
neither  too  green  nor  too  ripe.  A  suitable 
fish  having  been  found,  the  "  spawner,"  as  he 


The  eggs  are  inspected  before  being  puts 
into  the  cones,  and  in  those  properly  impreg-i 
nated  will  be  seen  an  opaque  yellow  mass,  the j 
germinal  disk,  which  occupies  a  small  portion! 
of  the  enclosed  space.  Out  of  this  germinal;! 
disk  the  fish  is  evolved,  the  remainder  of  the] 
egg  serving  as  food.  It  is  interesting  to  ob-1 
serve  the  organization  of  the  future  fish  from] 
this  homogenous  mass — first,  the  groove  fori 
spinal  cord;  then,  the  depressions  between  ( 
the  flesh  masses  for  the  ribs,  the  cerebral 
mass,  eyes,  ears,  heart,  stomach;  until  a  per-  ( 
feet  fish  is  under  your  lens — and. to  notice  the 
first  beat  of  the  heart,  the  first  convulsive 
shudder  of  the  body  that  proves  to  the  un-i 
believing  that  life  is  really  present. 

If  the  water  be  about  67°  F.,  the  membrane 
of  the  egg  will  rupture  in  four  days  after  fer- 
tilization, and  a  young  fish  escape,  whose 
length  is  equal  to  near  the  circumference  of 
the  egg  ;  the  mouth  is  still  closed,  but  attached 
to  the  abdomen  is  a  little  bag  of  yolk  into 
which  blood  vessels  ramify  and  convey  nour 
isbment  to  the  fish  proper.  At  this  stage  the 
young  are  unwieldy  and  move  about  spas- 
modically, striking  the  water  with  their  tails 
they  rise  to  the  surface,  and  then  in  seeming 
helplessness  sink,  only  to  repeat  the  process. 
In  a  week  after  hatching,  the  yolk  is  nearly 
absorbed,   and    the    mouth   open.     They  are- 


is  called,  grasps  the  specimen  by  the  nape  of  now  quite  brisk,  and  able  to  care  for  them- 
the  neck  or  gills  with  his  left  hand,  holding 'selves.  At  this  stage,  or  even  earlier,  they 
its    tail    between    his    knees,  then    with   the  may  be  put  overboard. 

thumb  and  forefinger  of  right  hand,  he  gently  The  percentage  hatched  varies,  as  do  all 
strokes  the  abdomen  of  the  fish  downward,  the  conditions  of  growth,  with  the  tempera] 
and  the  eggs  fall  into  a  pan  placed  to  receive  tu  re  of  water,  its  being  free  from  mud,  &c, 
them;  then  the  spawner  will  select  a  ripe  but  usualfy  90  to  95  fish  are  produced  from  a 
male,  and  by  precisely  the  same  process  ex- 1  hundred  eggs, 
presses  the  "  milt,"  which  falls  into  the  pan)  One  circumstance  has  been  noticed  respect- 
with  the  eggs;  he  then  pours  a  little  water  ing  shad  and  all  fish  that  come  from  the  sea 
from  the  river  into  the  pan,  and  by  a  gentle 'to  spawn  in  fresh  water,  they  may  after  hatch- 
motion  favors  the  mixing  of  the  eggs  and  milt,  'ing  go  to  sea  and  remain  their  for  a  term  of 
After  a  time  a  little  more  water  is  put  into  years,  but,  when  mature,  will  return  to  the 
the  pan,  and  the  eggs  by  the  imbibition  of  .waters  where  they  were  spawned  to  deposit 
water  increase  to  nearly  twice  their  original 'eggs.  The  Fish  Commissions  have  taken  ad- 
size.  These  eggs  are  then  taken  to  the  shore  vantage  of  this  circumstance,  and  the  young 
station  or  brought  on  board  and  measured,  fish  are  shipped  in  cars  to  the  head-waters  of 
Fifteen  thousand  are  allowed  to  a  pint ;  as  it  streams,  where  the}'  are  put  overboard  to 
is  easy  to  measure  them,  for  their  specific  stock  those  waters.  These  very  streams  may 
gravity  is  greater  than  that  of  river  water.  in  future  be  a  supply  for  waters  now  full  of 
There  are  various  forms  of  apparatus  for  shad.  Shad  have  been  taken  in  the  California 
artificially  hatching  the  young  fish,  but  the  waters  which  were  placed  there  as  young  fish] 
object  in  all  is  to  supply  the  eggs  with  a  cur-  by  the  commission. 

rent  of  fresh  water,  which  also  produces  a  I  'The  hatching  of  salt  water  fish  is  carried 
slight  motion  in  the  mass  and  thus  prevents  on  very  differently  as  to  detail,  and  is  yet  a 
their  collecting  in  masses  and  dying  from  matter  of  experiment,  for  these  methods  (de^ 
suffocation.  'scribed)  of  rearing  fish  have  been  the  result 


A  form  of  apparatus  giving  as  good  results 
as  any,  consists  of  copper  cones  (inverted,)  the 
entrance  for  water  being  at  the  apex  of  the 
cone,  or  bottom  of  the  apparatus,  while  around 
the  top  fine  wire  gauze  is  attached,  and  be- 
tween its  meshes  the  overflow  of  water  es- 
capes, but  the  eggs  and  young  fish  aic  re- 
tained. Water  from  the  stream  is  pumped 
into  iron  tanks,  and  from  these  the  water 
flows  by  gravity  through  the  cones,  entering 
as  slated  at  the  bottom,  and  escaping  at  the 
top,  where  it  is  caught  and  flows  back  into 
the  stream  again  through  rubber  pipes.  The 
amount  of  water  entering  the  cones  is  regu- 
lated by  valves.  Into  these  cones  the  eggs 
are  placed  after  being  measured,  and  sink  to 
the  bottom.  The  current  forces  them  up  at 
the  sides  and  they  by  gravity  fall  in  the 
centre,  thus  establishing  sufficient  motion. 
Into  each  cone  from  one  half  to  a  million  eggs 
are  usually  placed. 


of  years  of  labor. 

I  would  like  to  add,  that  the  artificial  pro- 
pagation of  fish  is  but  one  item  of  value 
amongst  many  that  Prof.  Baird,  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  is  working  hard 
to  establish. 

The  Christian  life  is  one.  of  conflict;  and  it 
is  well  that  it  is  so.  Conflicts  and  victories 
add  strength  to  character,  just  as  muscular 
exercise  strengthens  the  body.  It  is  no  part 
of  the  business  of  a  Christian  to  go  about 
mourning  over  the  trials  he  meets,  but  to 
meet  them  with  cheerfulness,  and  make  every 
new  trial  I  hi'  scene  of  a  new  victory.  By 
and  by  he  will  have  the  habit  of  conquering, 
and  his  added  Strength  will  make  his  victories 
easier.  Only  let,  him  remember  the  Source 
of  his  strength.  "  1  can  do  all  things  through 
Christ  which  strengthenoth  me." 


THE    FRIEND. 


187 


Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
cotemporary  families,  by  James  Trimble. 

Joseph  England  was  born  at  the  town  of 
Burton,  on  the  Eiver  Trent,  (as  recorded  in 
Budley  and  Wolverhampton  Records),  7th 
mo.  22d,  16S0.  His  parents  were  "John  Eng- 
land and  Louve,  his  wife."  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  and  Joana  Orbel,  was  born  at 
Deal,  in  Kent,  Cth  mo.  3d,  16S5,  and  married 
the  above  Joseph  England,  in  1710.  They 
arrived  at  Nottingham,  direct  from  England, 
in  1722,  where  Joseph  became  a  recommended 
minister,  and  Margaret  an  elder,  10th  mo. 
16th,  1732.  Probably  no  members  of  the 
meeting  were  more  useful  than  they,  in  es- 
tablishing a  healthful  discipline,  or  maintain- 
ing a  more  Christian  example.  They  died  at 
their  chosen  residence  on  North  East  Creek, 
(selected  and  named  Springfield,  it  is  said, 
before  leaving  England.)  Margaret  died  7th 
mo.  9th,  1741,  and  Joseph,  10th  mo.  25th, 
1748.  They  left  five  children  :  Joana,  born 
7th  mo.  29th,  1721.  married  John,  son  of,— 
Joseph  and  Martha  Townsend*  of  East  Brad-  1827 
ford,  Chester  county,  10th  mo.  31st,  1741.|weigi 
Their  son  Joseph  Townsend,  was  a  Friend, 
and  popular  citizen  of  Baltimore,  who  died 
about  1830.f 

Samuel,  born  at  Burton  on  Trent,  4th  mo. 
18th,  1717,  married  Sarah, dauehterof  Samuel 
and  Sarah  Slater.     I 
life  the  grave  pecul 


Joseph  England,  oldest  child  of  the  above 
Samuel,  was  twice  married,  but  left  no  family. 
With  him  passed  away  the  last  type  of  the 
ancient  gravity,  antique  customs  and  dress 
of  the  early  Friends  at  Nottingham.  Like 
his  ancestors  he  was  tall,  features  strongly 
marked,  with  a  slight  unconscious  dignity  of 
manner.  He  often  spoke  of  his  father  in 
terms  of  affectionate  remembrance,  as  a  model 
and  example  of  a  true  Friend.  He  married 
first  Hannah,  daughter  of  Jos.  Haines,  and 
some  years  after  her  death,  Hannah,  daugh 
ter  of  Augustine  and  Hannah  Passmore.  Suc- 
ceeding to  the  eldership  at  a  comparatively 
rally  age,  the  circumspection  exhibited  in  all 
his  affairs,  religious  and  temporal,  placed  him 
among  the  most  confidential  members  of  the 
meeting;  a  confidence  that  remained  unbroken 
for  over  60  years.  But  as  it  sometimes  occurs! 
in  the  lives  of  good  men,  the  latter  days  of 
Joseph  England  were  clouded  by  circum- 
stances beyond  his  control.  The  school  fund, 
to  which  he  had  been  a  generous  contribu-| 
tor,  was  diverted  from  the  special  object  of 
founders.  The  approaching  shadows  of 
led  him  with  apprehensions  thaC 
:tvilv  on  his  mind.     Those  who 


her  foot  at  her  imperturbable  neighbor,  ex- 
claimed, 'Speak,  wretch,  that  1  may  have 
something  to  say!'  Adam,  that  was  a  lesson 
to  me.  Silence  is  often  the  best  answer  to 
abuse." 


had  shared  his  life-long  sympathies  were  gone 
— a  generation  had  arisen  which  knew  not 
Joseph,  (Exodus  i.  8)— and  the  unity  of  the 
Spirit  in  the  bond  of  peace  was  felt  no  more. 
He  could  not,  however,  for  his  few  remaining' 
y  maintained  through  'days  abandon  the  cherished  precincts  where 
ities  of  speech,  dress! the  inspirations  of  his  youth  and  manhood 
and  general  deportment  of  their  English  an-  had  mingled  with  the  spirits  of  the  departed; 
cestors,  and  the  faithful  fulfilment  of  their  re-  therefore  abandoning  his  long  occupied  seat 
ligious  duties  from  the  eldership  down.  Samuel  at  the  head  of  the  meeting  and  assuming  one 
visited  the  noted  Virginia  exiles  during  their  on  the  lowest  seat  of  the  gallery,  facing  the 
involuntary  sojourn  at  Winchester.  His  pre- 'people,  he  continued  to  attend  all  meetings 
sence  and  sympathy  at  that  time  appear  to  punctually  as  usual,  taking  no  part  whateve 
have  been  particul 
ing  situation. t 


rly  grateful  in   the 


The  late  Dr.  Darlington  of  West  Chester,  said  of 


the  proceedings,  apparently  unconscious 
of  the  presence  of  others,  his  solemn  pensive 
countenance  seeming  to  denote  that  his  com- 
munings were  with  the  past,     He  always  ex- 
her,  "She  was  an  intelligent  old-fashioned  English  ^hanged    kind    salutations   with    those    who 

wii Minn,    null    nuirli   enn^v  ,,!   character,   and   a  deter-       1  i  1    1  •  1  •  n       •  ±t.    ■ 

mined  will  other  own  addressed  him,   making  no  allusion  to  their 

t  John  Townsend  resided  on  a  tract  of  land  received 'unwonted  conditions.  This  state  of  things,! 
from  his  father,  adjoining  the  borough  of  West  Chester  in  five  or  six  weeks  terminating  in  physical 
on  the  west.  In  1746,  he  erected  thereon  a  comfortable  'inability,  he  remained  at  home,  and  in  about 
stone  house,  which  is  still  standing  ilss-t,  in  a  good  a  month  peacefully  departed  this  life  in  'Move 
state  ot  preservain.ii.  an, I  or.  inn., I  a-  a  dwelling.     Some  ■  ,'      .,,       .,v        ,!  ..      .„  ,,       o     i  i 

years  prior  to  the  death  of  the  late  .Joseph  Cope,  he  an(\  g°od.  wl11  w'th,  M  mankind  on  the  3rd, 
handed  the  writer  the  following  little  memorial  :  ,and  was  interred  the  oth  of  4th  mo.  1828,  by 

"Died,  on  the  18th  ult.,  (8th  mo.  18th,  1803,)  in  .the  remains  of  his  parents  and  grandparents,! 
Chester  Co.,  Penna.,  John  Townsend,  aged  87  years;  at  East  Nottingham  meeting-house,  where  he 
he  had  10  children  5S  grandchildren  and  33  great-  ,  d  expressed  a  wish  tO  be  laid.  "And  Jacob1 
grandchildren-    lotallill.      I  hiring  his  long  and  useful  i       .,     ,    '    .      ,.  i       •  i   r>  -*i 

life  it  was  his  constant  studv  to  pek.nn  the  duties  of  a  called  unto  his  sons  and  said,  Bury  me  with  my) 
man  and  a  Christian;  to  assist  a  fellow  being  in  distress  fathers,  in  the  land  of  Canaan."  Genesis  xlix. 
and  relieve  the  embarrassments  of  the  unfortunate,  He  had  by  will  bequeathed  a  sum  of  money 
were  his  peculiar  characteristics.  He  led  an  industrious  to  the  Monthly  Meeting  for  the  use  of  pool- 
peaceable  life,  endured  his  la,t  illness  with  uncommon  j  FHends  tbis  he  withdrew  by  Codicil,  and  it! 
lortitude  and    resignation,  and   bade  adieu   to  this  pro- I  .',     ,  "   ,    ..     ,       1TT     {  -r,'         ,. 

bationary  slate  of  exiMenee  without  a  snuggle  or  a ' WaS  Sa,d  donated  it  to  WesttOWU  Boarding 
groan.  'School.     His    wife    survived    him    till   about 

"Sure  the  last  end  of  the  good  man  is  peace;  how  1842,  perpetuating  with  unostentatious  hand) 
calm  his  exit;  night  dews  fall  not  more  gently  to  the  the  characteristic  hospitality  and  charities  of 
ground,  nor  weary  wonioiit  winds  expire  so  soft."  _      JSpringfield,  which,    with    her    demise,  passed! 

t  On  page  1M,  John   ( iilpin  s  Kxiles  to  \  lrguna,  it      '  .      j?  ,        '        .,       '  ,J 

states-:  "Winchester,  2d  day  of  11th  mo.  1777.-First  out  of  the  family  name. 

day  of  the  week. — Our  religious  meetings  began  at  10  [  .^_, 

o'clock  in  the  morning  and  at  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,! 

and  were  very  satisfactory.  Several  exhortations  were  Calmness. — J  ohn  W  esley  one  day  remarked 
delivered,  in  the  forenoon  by  John  Pemberton  and  in' to  Adam  Clarke,  "As  I  was  passing  through 
the  afternoon  by  D.  Brown  and  John  Hunt,  These  St.  Paul's  church-yard  I  observed  two  women 
were  the  largest  meetings  we  have  had.  Friends  were  standing  opposite  to  each  Other,  the  one  speak- 
enahled  to  preach  the  dnctrinot.t  salvation  with  eiiergv.    .  7  ■       i    ,-  •    ,         t  i-t  , 

About  the  close  of  the  meeting,  Samuel  England,  from  mS  and  gesticulating  Violently,  while  the 
Nottingham,  arrived,  he  brought  us  letters  from  our  jother  Stood  perfectly  Still  and  in  Silence.  Just 
friends  Geo.  Churchmau  and  T.  Lancaster,  informing  as  1  came  up  and  was  about  to  pass  them, 
nsof  the  sympathy  of  our  friends,  and  of  our  families 'the   virago,  clenching   her   fist   and   Stamping 

hem-  well  on  the  10th  ultimo.     He  showed  us  a  letter   '       ° 

from  Geo.  Churchman,  giving  an  account  of  a  visit  paid  |  F,.iends,  in  order  to  remove  prejudices  against  our  So- 
General   Howe  and    General   Washington,   by   some  cletVj  which  it  is  hoped  llaJ  somc  gooJ  effect  .,> 


In  the  Morning  Sow  thy  Seed. 

May  this  admonition  be  heeded  by  every 
mother.  Whilst  her  children  are  yet  young 
and  tractable  is  the  season  to  impress  on  their 
minds  those  truths  which  may  be  helpful  to 
them  through  life.  The  care'  of  those  who 
have  been  entrusted  to  her  charge  is  a  duty 
involving  solemn  responsibility. 

A  young  girl  who  had  been  carefully  trained, 
borrowed  of  a  school  mate  a  novel,  through 
desire  of  knowing  for  herself  what  kind  of 
reading  it  was  of  which  her  parents  disap- 
proved. But  the  book  was  quickly  returned, 
but  little,  if  any,  of  it  read.  Whilst  still  a 
3-oung  women,  but  in  the  midst  of  the  active 
duties  of  life,  she  was  unexpectedly  taken 
away  by  a  short  illness.  During  her  sickness 
she  noticed  a  book  on  a  table  in  her  room, 
probably  laid  there  by  one  other  attendants, 
and  expressed  a  fear  lest  it  might  be  of  a  light 
and  trashy  sort ;  adding  that  it  was  a  great 
satisfaction  to  her  then,' that  she  had  never 
given  her  time  to  such  reading,  but  rather  to 
that  which  was  good  and  true.  As  disease  pro- 
gressed, and  her  thoughts  became  unsteady, 
her  rambling  utterances  were  words  of  sup- 
plication— the  immortal  mind  struggling  for 
entrance  into  the  Heavenly  Father's  house, 
which  seemed  not  to  be  lost  sight  of  when  all 
else  faded.  Verses  of  the  Bible  frequently 
revived  in  her  memory,  and  the  day  previous 
to  her  quiet  close,  she  repeated  the  24th 
Psalm. 

It  will  bring  peace  to  parents  to  do  their 
tint}-  well,  guarding  the  innocent  children 
from  what  may  lead  them  astray;  and  re- 
membering that  the  Lord  gives  strength  for 
what  He  requires.  Then,  in  the  day  of  judg- 
ment, the  language  may  be — "She  hath  done 
what  she  could." 

In  the  morning,  sow  thy  seed,  and  in  the 
evening  withhold  not  thy  hand  ;  for  both  may 
be  alike  good. 

Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Sarah  B.  Upton. 

(Concluded  from  page  178.) 

But  those  days  and  evenings  had  an  end, 
and  the  end  drew  surely  on,  more  and  more 
contracted  became  the  sphere  of  her  activi- 
ties, till  at  length  in  the  winter  of  1881  her 
own  chamber  became  the  bound,  her  hands 
lost  the  power  to  hold  longer  those  skilled 
knitting  needles,  and  even  her  strong  magni- 
fying glass  scarcely  made  clear  to  her  fast 
dimming  vision,  the  Bible  in  the  largest  type 
that  could  be  found.  For  years  she  had  been 
in  the  habit  of  listening  through  her  ear 
trumpet  to  reading  by  others — a  mode  ren- 
dered practicable  by  her  readiness  at  catching 
an  idea — but  now,  gradually  the  poor  ears 
failed  to  make  even  that  satisfactory,  and  the 
early  months  of  1S81  were  passed  in  learning 
almost  the  last  lesson  of  her  life — to  be  idle 
cheerfully — and  well  did  she  perform  that 
task,  of  all  others  the  most  distasteful  to  her 
nature.  Sometimes  it  would  seem  to  the  one 
most  constantly  about  her,  that  patience  must 
fail  her,  and  that,  after  hours  alone  one  must 
find  her  unhappy — but  not  so,  rather  the 
greeting  would  be  as  to  the  employment  of 
the  day,  or  of  the  welfare  of  absent  friends 


188 


THE    FRIEND. 


or  coming  on  her  unawares  she  might  be  found 
watching  the  coming,  or  the  fading  daylight, 
or  repeating  softly  to  herself  some  favorite 
verses — 

"  I  go  to  life  and  not  to  death, 
From  darkness  to  life's  native  sky  ; 
I  go  from  sickness  and  from  pain, 
To  life  and  immortality  ! 

"  For  toil,  there  cometh  crowned  rest — 
Instead  of  burdens,  eagle's  wings  ; 
And  I,  even  I.  this  life-long  thirst 
Shall  quench  at  everlasting  springs!" 

Or  that  other,  which  told,  what  she  rarely 
expressed,  that  the  struggle  and  the  weari- 
ness of  heart  did  still  press  at  times  upon 
her — 

"  My  God,  it  is  not  fretful  ness, 

That  makes  me  say,  '  how  long  ?' 
It  is  not  heaviness  of  heart — 

That  hinders  me  in  song, 
'Tis  not  despair  of  truth  and  right, 
Or  coward  dread  of  wrong. 

But  how  can  7,  with  such  a  hope 

Of  glory  and  of  home, 
With  such  a  joy  before  my  eyes, 

Not  wish  the  time  were  come, 
Of  years  the  jubilee,  of  days 

The  Sabbath  and  the  sum? 

These  years,  what  ages  they  have  been  ! 

This  life,  how  long  it  seems ! 
And  how  can  I,  in  evil  days 

Mid  unknown  hills  and  streams, 
But  sigh  for  those  of  home  and  heart — 

And  visit  them  in  dreams  ? 

Yet  peace  my  heart,  and  hush,  my  tongue ; 

Be  calm  my  troubled  breast, 
Each  restless  hour  is  hurrying  on 

The  everlasting  rest — 
Thou  knowest  that  the  time  thy  God 

Appoints  for  thee  is  best. 

Let  faith,  not  fear,  nor  fretfulness 

Awake  the  cry  '  how  long?' 
Let  no  faint-hearted  ness  of  soul 

Damp  thy  aspiring  song; 
Eight  comes,  truth  dawns,  the  night  departs 

Of  error  and  of  wrong." 

— Horatius  Bonar. 

About  the  middle  of  Second  month  she  had 
a  severe  attack  of  bronchitis,  and  though  the 
disease  was  overcome,  her  powers  were  ex- 
hausted, and  she  sank  slowly  but  surely,  being 
unable  from  that  time  to  leave  her  bed.  Dur- 
ing the  earlier  stages  of  her  illness  she  re- 
marked that  she  had  not  seen  clearly  that  it 
was  to  be  her  last  sickness,  that  if  there  w 
more  work  for  her  to  do  she  should  get  well, 
if  not  she  should  go;  but  she  had  a  quiet  and 
peaceful  mind  and  was  not  afraid  to  die.  But, 
as  weeks  passed  on,  she  began  to  regard  the 
end  as  near,  and  to  be  earnest  to  finish  t 
work  yet  to  do  for  her  friends,  while  at  tini 
it  was  evident  that  her  mind  was  occupied 
with  a  searching  retrospect  of  her  own  life 
One  day  she  said  that  "a  long  life  ought  to 
be  a  finished  life,"  and  to  the  remark  that 
thought  hers  a  finished  life,  she  replied,  "Not 
altogether,  I  have  made  many  mistakes,  but 
if  they  have  been  forgiven,  it  will  not  matter." 
Later  it  seems  as  if  she  were  done  with  her 
own  past,  and  she  said,  "Thanks  be  unto 
Him  who  gives  the  victory  over  death,  hell 
and  the  grave,  I  can  truly  say  I  have  no  fear 
of  death  or  the  grave."  Thus,  with  a  soul  at 
peace,  her  mind  was  filled  with  thoughts  of 
"the  glory  to  be  revealed,"  and  with  loving 
care  and  concern  for  her  friends,  and  as  thoy 
came  singly,  or  in  groups  about  her  bed,  they 
received  from  her  counsel  and  blessings,  which 
numbers  of  them  will  never  forget.  Three  of 
those   who  thus  surrounded  her  have  since 


I  followed  to  their  eternal  home,  and  some 
sense  of  this  seems  to  have  been  given  to  her, 
for  she  said,  and  then  repeated  the  remark 
h  emphasis,  "I  feel  as  if  it  would  not  be 
long  before  some  of  us  meet  again." 

Long  at  ber  couch  death  took  his  patient 
stand."  and  with  perfect  consciousness  she 
watched  him  do  his  work,  and  though  she 
expressed  her  desire  to  go  when  it  was  "the 
Lord's  time,"  she  bore  every  added  discomfort 
or  privation  with  a  gentle  "Never  mind,"  or 
No  matter."  For  about  two  weeks  she  took 
no  food,  and  when,  principally  to  satisfy  ber 
friends,  she  had  made  the  effort  in  vain  to  do 
so,  she  said,  "  There  the  Lamb  shall  feed  them, 
and  shall  lead  them  to  fountains  of  living 
waters."  And  thither,  on  the  3d  of  7th  mo. 
1881,  it  is  reverently  believed  by  those  who 
watched  her  through  the  dark  valley,  did  H 
lead  ber;  to  that  home  where  there  are  no 
more  tears. 


THE  WISHING  BRIDGE. 

Among  the  legends  sung  or  said 

Along  our  rocky  shore, 
The  Wishing  Bridge  of  Marblehead 

May  well  be  sung  once  more. 

An  hundred  years  ago  (so  ran 

The  old-time  story)  all 
Good  wishes  said  above  its  span 

Would  soon  or  late,  befall. 

If  pure  and  earnest,  never  failed 

The  prayers  of  man  or  maid, 
For  him  who  on  the  deep  sea  sailed, 

For  her  at  home  who  stayed. 

Once  thither  came  two  girls  from  school, 

And  wished  in  childish  glee: 
And  one  would  be  a  queen  and  rule, 

And  one  the  world  would  see. 

Time  passed  ;  with  change  of  hopes  and  fears, 

And  in  the  self-same  place, 
Two  women,  gray  with  middle  years, 

Stood,  wondering,  face  to  face. 

With  wakened  memories,  as  they  met, 

They  queried  what  had  been  : 
"A  poor  man's  wife  am  I,  and  yet," 

Said  one,  "  I  am  a  queen. 

"  My  realm  a  little  homestead  is, 

Where,  lacking  crown  and  throne, 
I  rule  by  loving  services 
And  patient  toil  alone." 

The  other  said  :  "  The  great  world  lies 

Beyond  me  as  it  laid  ; 
O'er  love's  and  duty's  boundaries 

My  feet  have  never  strayed. 

"  I  see  but  common  sights  of  home, 
Its  common  sounds  I  hear, 
My  widowed  mother's  sick-bed  room 
Suflieeth  for  my  sphere. 

"  I  read  to  her  some  pleasant  page 
Of  travel  far  and  wide, 
And  in  a  dreamy  pilgrimage 
We  wander  side  by  side. 

"  And  when,  at  last,  she  falls  asleep, 
My  book  becomes  to  me 
A  magic  glass:   my  watch  I  keep, 
But  all  the  world  I  see. 

"A  farm-wife  queen  your  place  you  fill, 
While  fancy's  privilege 
Is  mine  to  walk  the  earth  at  will, 
Thanks  to  the  Wishing  Bridge." 

"Nay,  leave  the  legend  for  the  truth," 

The  other  cried,  "and  say 
God  gives  the  wishes  of  our  youth, 

But  in  His  own  best  way  I ' 

—J.  O.  Whiltia: 

Sin  is  of  one  nature  all  the  world  over. 


Selected. 

SUBMISSION. 
When  success  has  crowned  our  efforts,  heaping  up  the 

golden  store, 
When  ease  rests  within  our  dwelling,  and  fat  plenty  at 

our  door, 
When  our  larders  groan  with  dainties,  and  our  cellars 

flow  with  wine, 
Then  how  easy  'tis  to  utter,   "  Not  my  will,  O  Lord, 

but  thine." 

When  beside  our  cheerful  fireside,  we  behold  no  vacant 

chair, 
But  can  gaze  on  childish  faces,  gathered  nightly  round 

us  there, 
With  what  quiet  resignation,  from  the  volume  on  our 

knee, 
Can  we  read  the  invitation,   "Sutler  such  to  come  to 

But  when  changes  come  and  with  them,  ease  and  plenty 

both  have  fled, 
When  the  "  Not  my  will,  O  Father,"  turns  to  cries  for 

daily  bread, 
Then    amid   our  want   and   sorrow,   hunger   pinches, 

winter's  chill, 
Shall    we   bow   in   true  submission,  to  our  Heavenly 

Father's  will  ? 

Or  when  Death  with  icy  fingers,  lays  upon  our  darling's 

head, 
For  the  Asphodels  that  crowned  him,  Amaranthine 

wreaths  instead  ? 
In   our  hour  of  deep  affliction,  from  the  heart's  Geth- 

semane, 
Will  the  prayer  not  rise,  "O  Father,  pass  this  bitter 

cup  from  me?" 


From  Samaria  to  the  Jordan. — The  Wady 
[valley]  Farm,  extends  from  near  Samaria  in 
ii  southeasterly  direction  to  the  valley  of  the 
Jordan  near  the  ford  of  Damieh.  The  descent 
is  more  than  2500  feet.  "  For  the  greater 
part  of  the  way  the  stream  in  Wady  Faria, 
passes  through  a  picturesque  country,  now 
crossing  fertile  vales  on  either  side,  and  anon 
plunging  down  wild  ravines  into  similar  vales 
below,  while  the  immediate  banks  of  the  little 
river  arc  hidden  beneath  the  impenetrable 
thickets  of  waving  cane,  blooming  oleander, 
thorny  bushes,  and  jagged  brambles.  For  the 
last  8  or  10  miles  the  wady  gradually  expands 
into  a  beautiful  plain,  highly  cultivated,  being 
irrigated  by  the  canals  that  bring  water  to 
the  flour  mills. 

"The  road  to  Damieh  has  probably  been 
thescene  of  more  than  one  memorable  Biblical 
incident.  Down  that  long  and  dangerous  de- 
scent I  suppose  the  terrified  army  of  Benhadad 
rushed  from  the  siege  of  Samaria.  '  For  the 
Lord  had  made  the  host  of  the  Sj-rian  to  hear 
a  noise  of  chariots,  and  a  noise  of  horses,  even 
the  noise  of  a  great  host,  and  they  said  one 
to  another,  Lo,  the  king  of  Israel  hath  hired 
against  us  the  kings  of  the  Hittites,  and  the 
king  of  the  Egyptians  to  come  upon  us,  there- 
fore they  rose  and  fled  for  their  life.'  The 
king  of  Israel,  informed  by  the  lepers  that  the 
camp  was  deserted,  sent  out  horsemen,  say- 
ing, '  Go  and  see.  And  they  went  after  them 
unto  Jordan,  and  lo,  all  the  way  was  full  of 
garments  and  vessels  which  the  Syrians  had 
cast  away  in  their  haste.' 

"If  the  flight  of  the  Syrian  host  from  Sa- 
maria, down  that  valley  of  Pari!  was  in  the 
night,  as  I  suppose  it  was,  the  demoralization 
must  bave  been  complete.  We,  with  the  morn- 
ing  light  to  aid  us,  got  often  hopelessly  be- 
wildered amongst  the  watered  gardens  whoso 
Owners  had  obliterated  all  traces  of  the  road 
by  their  water  courses,  or  stopped  up  the  way 
with  impassable  hedges  of  thorny  hushes.  In 
many  places  the  plain  is  covered  with  clumps 
of  thorny  trees,  and  woo  to  the  wretches  who 
wcro  driven  amongst  them  in  that  wild  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


189 


tumultuous  panic.     No  wonder  that  'all  the 

way  was  full  of  garments  and  vessels,  which 

the  Syrians  had  cast  away  in  their  haste.'  " 

IF.  J/.  Thomson  in  The  Land  and  The  Book. 


From  the  "  British  Friend." 

Spain,  Portugal,  and  Gibraltar  Depicted   by 
George  Pitt,  after  Visiting  those  parts. 

(Continued  fron»  page  179.) 

We  saw  every  part  of  Gibraltar  and  its  sur- 
roundings, walking  over  the  top  from  end  to 

'.  We  saw  streams  of  visitors  lolling  in 
•iagea  through  the  town  and  lower  road; 
but  not  one  cared  for  the  labor  of  mounting 
the  Bock  to  survey  it  and  its  wonderful  shape 

d  position.  For  anything  they  could  un- 
derstand about  Gibraltar,  they  might  as  well 
drive  through  Woolwich  or  Hyde  Park.  To 
at  the  root  or  bottom  of  a  place  ice  got  to 
the  top.  There  are  galleries  cut  through  the 
solid  rock,  and  running  most  of  the  way,  large 
enough  for  a  coach  to  pass,  with  port-holes 
for  the  guns.  We  obtained  permission,  and 
went  through  them. 

Monkeys  (without  tails)  live  here  in  liberty, 
and  much  respected  by  the  inhabitants  ;  there 
are  now  about  fifty  of  them,  who  shift  their 
quarters  according  to  the  wind.  A  strong 
light  or  current  of  wind  blows  behind  the 
Bock,  and  has  blown  the  sand  up  in  one  part 
to  a  height  of  600  feet.  English  is  spoken 
ere  chiefly. 

There  is  no  rail  or  road  to  or  from  Gibral- 
tar ;  you  must  go  by  water  ;  so  we  went  after 
three  days  to  Cadiz,  a  Spanish  port  81  miles 
distant,  The  boats  like  the  trains  are  dear, 
dirt}-,  and  slow,  and  very  independent. 

In  Cadiz  we  saw  the  Kearsarge,  the  little 
ship  which  destroyed  the  notorious  Alabama,' 
whose  depredations  in  American  waters  cost| 
us  three  million  pounds.  Cadiz  is  the  Tar- 
hish  of  Scripture. 

At  Cadiz  we  were  entering  into  Spai  n  proper, 
and  in  choosing  our  central  line  for  travelling, 
it  was  because  we  should  take  in  the  Capitals 
ancient  and  modern,  as  also  several  points  of 
the  most  historical  interest. 

Although  Portugal  and  Spain  are  different 
nations  and  kingdoms,  the  distinction  between 
the  people  and  their  character,  language,  hab- 
its, and  boundaries  is  more  arbitrary  than 
natural  and  real,  and  as  my  space  forbids  gen- 
eralities, what  I  have  said  about  Portugal 
will  apply  to  Spain,  with  of  course  sundry  ex- 
ceptions. Portugal,  being  on  the  ocean,  has 
a  milder  climate,  a  more  naval  and  liberal 
feeling,  and  a  more  democratic  government. 
Portugal  has  more  than  once  been  united  to 
Spain.  For  60  years  in  modern  times,  or  from 
1580  to  1640  she  was  so  combined,  without 
being  improved  by  the  connection.  From 
1640  till  now  the  Braganza  line  of  kings  have 
reigned. 

It  might  now  be  well  before  closing  my  lo- 
cal descriptions,  to  give  a  little  geographi- 
cal and  historical  sketch  of  the  entire  Penin- 
sula. Taking  a  map  of  Europe,  we  shall 
notice  that  to  the  south  of  France  a  compact 
land  projects  westward  beyond  the  rest  of 
Europe  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  just 
about  500  miles  square,  and  is  connected  at 
the  top  or  north,  to  the  mainland  of  Europe, 
or  France,  by  a  narrow  neck  of  land,  about 
200  miles  wide,  so  it  is  called  a  Peninsula  ;  or 
Island,  nearly  but  not  quite  surrounded  by 
water;  and  the  tremendous  fightings  in  which 
we  were  engaged  in  Spain  against  Napoleou, 


with  Wellington  as  our  general,  is  termed  the 
Peninsular  War. 

Just  at  the  neck  where  it  joins,  is  a  pretty 
straight  range  of  mountains  about  10,000  feet 
high,  called  the  Pyrenees,  forming  a  natural 
boundary  between  France  and  Spain,  which 
should  prevent  their  quarelling  and  fighting, 
but  it  has  not  done  so.  Banges  of  mountains 
in  Spain  are  called  "  Sierras."  There  are 
roads  over  these  Pyrenees  in  reaching  Spain 
overland,  but  not  convenient ;  so  instead  of 
crossing  them,  the  main  traffic  has  turned 
them  by  a  flank  movement,  by  keeping  close  to 
the  sea  at  either  side,  where  there  is  a  depres- 
sion or  pass.  The  railroads  use  these  passes, 
and  so  did  Napoleon  when  invading  Spain  ;  and 
where  these  lines  meet  or  form  a  junction  in 
Spain,  there  are  the  leading  central  towns. 
The  other  important  cities  are  on  the  chief 
rivers,  and  on  the  coast  line  (of  which  the 
peninsula  has  about  1700  miles  or  700  on  the 
Mediterranean,  and  the  rest  on  the  Atlantic), 
such  as  Barcelona,  famous  for  nuts,  and  Valen 
cia,  Cart hagena and  .Malaga,  famous  for  raisins. 

A  good  half  of  the  country  is  mountainous, 
but  its  centre  lias  a  high  table  land,  yet  in- 
tersected with  mountains.  It  has  railways 
connecting  its  chief  towns,  but,  to  avoid  the 
hills,  they  often  take  roundabout  routes,  in- 
creasing the  distances.  For  instance,  Seville 
to  Madrid  is  212  miles  as  the  crow  flies,  but 
as  the  trains  crawl  and  as  they  charge,  it  is 
365  miles.  By  the  by.  railway  fares  are  dear 
— from  70  to  100  per  cent,  dearertban  iu  Ger- 
many or  Bussia,  and  especially  of  late,  since 
they  have  added  a  tax  of  15  per  cent.  I  do 
not  wonder  their  rail  fares  are  dear,  because 
they  have  so  many  tunnels,  cuttings,  bridges 
and  viaducts.  At  the  railway  stations  re- 
freshments are  dear  and  scarce  and  poor. 

It  is  reported  there  are  no  roads  in  Spain, 
which  is  a  great  mistake,  for  we  saw  hundreds 
of  miles  of  good  roads;  but  doubtless  there 
are  remote  towns  and  villages  to  get  at  winch 
wheel  traffic  would  be  impossible  ;  in  which 
case  mules  and  donkeys  have  to  do  service, 
both  of  these  useful  animals  being  very  nu- 
merous in  those  countries. 

As  to  its  history,  the  Bomans  held  Spain 
400  years;  then  the  North  German  hordes, 
called  Goths,  possessed  it,  from  whom  the 
Moors,  or  natives  of  Morocco,  on  the  African 
coast  opposite,  took  it  and  held  it  for500years 
in  provinces  or  separate  kingdoms — a  patient 
industrious,  intelligent  people,  who.  in  their 
turn,  were  finally  ejected  by  the  Christians 
(so  called).  A  superstitious,  indolent,  unciv- 
ilized, quarrelsome,  ignorant  lot  they  were, 
and  have  made  the  country  degenerate.  Fer- 
dinand and  Isabella,  each  holding  separate 
kingdoms  in  Spain,  married  in  1469,  and  unit- 
ed their  separate  kingdoms  of  Aragon  and 
Castile,  &c,  into  one,  and  finally  expelled  the 
Moors  in  1492.  This  Isabella  instituted  the 
Inquisition,  which  Napoleon  abolished. 

But  momentous  events  occurred  just  about 
the  time  these  Christians  were  supreme. 
Venetian  and  Italian  States  had  long  rolled 
in  wealth,  by  trade  exclusively  in  their  hands, 
arising  from  merchandise  brought  overland 
across  Egypt  from  India. 

Spain — and  Portugal  especially — being  a 
maritime  race,  envied  their  trade,  and  queried 
if  it  were  not  possible  to  reach  India  by  water? 
In  1493  an  enterprising  captain,  named  Diaz, 
sailed  along  the  African  coast  southwards,  till 
he  came  to  the  end  of  the  land,  or  corner; 
and  coming  back  joyfully,  called  the  corner 


The  Cape-of-Good-Hope,  as  he  hoped  a  future 
enterprise  would  turn  the  corner  and  reach 
India. 

So  it  proved.  YascodeGama,  a  Portuguese, 
sailed  from  Lisbon  (a  tower  now  marks  the 
spot)  and  doubled  the  Cape,  or  turned  the  cor- 
ner, and  reached  India.  It  was  all  over  with 
Italy  and  her  commerce,  and  it  was  now 
Spain's  turn. 

Just  then,  and  from  the  same  cause,  a  still 
more  important  incident  occurred — Columbus 
discovered  America !  (he  sailed  from  Palos  near 
Cadiz)  to  be  followed  by  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese discoveries  and  colonial  acquisitions  in 
all  directions,  including  Mexico,  Brazil,  and 
many  parts  of  South  America,  Africa,  and 
China.  Fortune  knocked  at  their  doors;  they 
admitted,  but  abused  him, — and  he  left  them. 
For  a  century  wealth  poured  in  by  lapfuls. 
Silver  was  so  plentiful,  they  made  their  can- 
dlesticks and  utensils  of  it.  For  a  century 
they  were  the  leading  powers  in  Europe,  but 
their  foolish  behavior  soon  brought  them  to 
grief.  They  committed  financial  suicide  by 
taxing  the  export  of  precious  metals,  as  if  they 
could  cat  gold  and  silver. — money  not  being 
wealth.  They  liked  enterprise  and  specula- 
tion, which  is  to  this  day  a  marked  feature 
with  them — the  sale  of  state  lottery  tickets 
is  so  frequent,  that  every  tenth  shop  seems 
devoted  to  the  sale  of  them,  and  poor  men 
and  women  hawk  them  in  the  streets. 

Their  wealth  was  soon  envied,  and  produced 
enemies  and  rivals  and  wars,  which  created 
a  national  debt  of  £500,000,000.  They  be- 
came bankrupt.  Mexico,  and  other  of  her 
best  possessions  have  revolted  and  become  in- 
dependent, or  been  wrested  from  her  by  other 
nations.  Because  England  aided  Holland, 
which  was  under  Spanish  rule,  to  revolt. 
Spain  assisted  by  France  and  other  nations 
tilted  out  the  great  Armada,  before  spoken 
of,  to  conquer  England,  but  which  was  de- 
stroyed before  landing.  Portugal  separated 
from  Spain  in  1640.  The  State  of  Florida,  in 
America,  was  sold  in  1S20  to  the  United 
States  for  $85,000,000.  In  short  they  have 
become  a  poor  miserable  nation — governed 
by  imbecile  monarchs,  and  indulging  in  revo- 
lutions every  two  or  three  years. 

Napoleon  at  a  leisure  time  cast  ambitious 
eyes  on  and  overran  the  country  with  his 
best  veteran  generals,  and  200,000  of  the  flow- 
er of  bis  troops,  and  placed  his  hrotherJoseph 
on  the  throne,  establishing  his  "Code  Napo- 
leon" or  system  of  laws,  infinitely  superior  to 
the  Spanish.  But  the  English,  who  had  com- 
mand ofthe  seas,  landed  picked  English  troops 
in  Portugal,  and  it  became  a  sanguinary  war 
of  giants,  in  which  England  succeeded  ulti- 
mately. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


Selected  for  "The  Friend." 

Had  a  meeting  at  Sadsbury,  which  was 
large  and  highly  favored.  The  Lord  was 
near  to  help  his  poor  servant  in  directing  the 
people  to  get  wisdom  and  understanding,  and 
in  showing  the  contrast  between  the  wisdom 
from  above  and  that  which  is  from  beneath. 

After  I  sat  down,  a  woman  Friend  spoke  a 
few  well  adapted  words,  and  then  appeared 
in  supplication  ;  a  general  solemnity  continu- 
ing, under  which  the  meeting  closed.  I  have 
often  thought  that  highly  favored  meetings 
are  sometimes  hurt  by  a  repetition  of  appear- 
ances near  the  close.  It  is  much  better  to 
close  a  meeting  under  a  solemn  covering  than 


190 


THE    FRIEND. 


to  say  too  much  about  it — lest  we  preach  it 
away. —  William  William's  Journal. 

Francis  Alard. 

Francis  Alard,  the  youngest  of  a  numerous 
family  of  children,  was  born  in  the  year  1524. 
His  parents,  who  were  wealthy  and  of  high 
station,  designed  him  for  the  clerical  profes- 
sion, and  sent  him  into  the  convent  at  Ant- 
werp. Here  he  gave  himself  with  so  much 
zeal  and  success  to  his  religious  duties  as  to 
win  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  superiors. 
Though  still  young,  his  learning  andeloquence 
led  tohis  appointment  as  one  of  the  preachers 
in  the  cathedral  during  the  season  of  Lent. 
He  attracted  a  large  crowd  to  hear  him. 
Among  this  number  was  a  merchant  from 
Hamburg,  who  had  already  embraced  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Reformation.  He  was  so  much 
impressed  by  the  evident  sincerity  of  this 
youth  and  the  evangelical  tone  of  his  preach- 
ing that  he  was  anxious  to  have  him  become 
a  preaebor  of  the  Gospel.  He  sought  him 
out  and  invited  him  to  his  lodgings,  and  then 
showed  him  the  writings  of  Luther,  and  en- 
deavored to  lead  him  from  the  errors  of  the 
papacy  in  which  he  was  involved,  to  a  more 
perfect  knowledge  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Jesus  Christ.  His  labors  were  not  in  vain. 
The  truth  took  quick  possession  of  his  mind 
and  heart.  On  his  next  visit  to  the  city  he 
found  this  young  monk  a  sincere  convert, 
and  desirous  of  preaching  the  Gospel  instead 
of  the  superstitions  and  errors  of  the  Romish 
church  ;  but  how  could  he  break  away  from 
his  convent  ?  How  could  he  meet  the  opposi- 
tion of  his  family,  all  of  whom  were  devoted 
papists?  How  could  he  brave  the  terrors 
of  the  inquisition  ?  These  were  thoughts 
that  caused  him  anxiety.  The  merchant  gave 
him  good  counsel,  and  promised  to  aid  him  to 
escape  and  to  furnish  him  with  all  the  funds  he 
needed  to  complete  his  education.  The  plan 
was  arranged.  On  the  eve  of  his  return  home 
Alard  came  to  bis  lodgings  and  was  supplied 
with  a  complete  disguise;  ho  was  then  ac- 
companied to  the  vessel  that  was  waiting  in 
the  river,  and  they  set  sail  at  once  for  Ham- 
burg. 

Soon  his  escape  became  known  in  the  eon- 
vent  and  throughout  the  city.  A  vessel  was 
despatched  to  bring  him  back,  but  it  was  too 
late,  he  was  beyond  the  reach  of  his  pursuers. 

On  their  arrival  in  Hamburg  his  benefactor 
took  him  to  his  own  house  and  "expounded 
to  him  the  way  of  God  more  perfectly." 

After  supplying  him  with  what  he  needed, 
he  sent  him  to  the  University  at  Jena  to  finish 
his  studies. 

While  Alard  was  there  his  benefactor  died, 
and  he  was  left  without  the  means  of  support 
He  had  now  been  absent  from  home  two 
years.  He  longed  to  see  bis  friends,  and  he 
thought  that,  perhaps,  they  would  receive 
him  kindly  and  give  him  some  assistance. 
He  determined  to  hazard  the  experiment  of 
returning  to  them,  but  be  was  fully  decided, 
come  what  would,  never  to  deny  his  faith 

He  made  the  long  journey  on  foot,  and  at 
length,   way-worn,   destitute,   and    weary,  ar 

rived   at.   the    d •  of  the   bouse    where    hi 

mother  lived — his  father  was  now  dead.  The 
first  person  who  answered  to  bis  call  was  his 
sister.  He  was  so  changed  that  she  did  not 
recognize  him. 

"I  am  your  brother  Francis,"  be  said. 

"  What',  the  heretic  I"  She  cried,  and  im- 
mediately Med  from  his  presence.     Ho  then 


sought  his  mother,  hoping  that  her  maternal 
love  would  revive  on  seeing  him  after  so  long 
an  absence,  but  he  had  yet  to  learn  the  power 
of  religious  bigotry  in  turning  the  tenderest 
affection  into  malignant  hatred.  She  had 
nothing  for  him  but  threatenings  and  curses. 
He  besought  her  to  hear  him,  but  she  would 
not  hear  a  word  unless  he  would  promise  to 
enounce  his  faith  and  return  at  once  to  his 
convent,  This  he  could  not  do.  She  then 
threatened  to  deliver  him  to  the  inquisition. 
But  be  remained  unshaken.  She  at  once  in- 
formed against  him.  and  he  was  seized  and 
dragged  to  the  city  fortress  and  lodged  in  the 
tower. 

The  report  of  his  return  and  arrest,  and  his 
imprisonment,  flew  rapidly  through  the  city. 
A  fanatical  crowd  surrounded  the  prison 
uttering  imprecations  and  vengeance  against 
him.  The  familiars  of  the  inquisition  tried 
hard,  but  vainly,  to  induce  him  to  recant.  He 
persisted  in  saying,  "I  know  in  whom  I  have 
believed,  and  in  that  belief  I  will  die."  Find- 
all  their  efforts  to  induce  him  to  abjure  his 
faith  was  useless,  they  condemned  him  to 
death.  But,  in  order  to  avoid  a  tumult,  they 
decided  to  take  his  life  by  poison  in  the  prison. 

He  heard  his  sentence  with  calmness,  and 
drank  the  cup  without  fear  or  trembling. 
They  locked  the  door  of  his  cell  and  went 
away  and  left  him  to  die  alone.  Commenci- 
ng his  soul  to  God  he  lay  down  on  the  damp 
floor,  hoping  before  the  morning  dawned  to 
find  rest  and  peace  in  death.  But  his  time 
had  not  yet  come. 

The  poison  produced  a  raging  thirst;  there 
was  not  a  drop  of  water  in  his  cell,  but  look- 
ing through  the  hole  in  the  wall  which  served 
for  a  window  he  saw  water  enough  in  the 
dirty  ditch  that  surrounded  the  castle.  It 
ran  close  by  the  foot  of  the  wall.  But  how 
could  he  reach  it  ?  Taking  the  fur  cape  from 
his  neck  and  attaching  to  this  the  threads 
which  he  drew  from  his  garments,  he  dropped 
it  into  the  ditch  below  and  drew  it  up  filled 
with  water.  Muddy  as  it  was  he  drank  till 
his  thirst  was  allayed,  and  then  lay  down 
again.  Soon  a  deathly  sickness  came  upon 
him  ;  but  the  water,  acting  with  the  poison, 
induced  vomiting.  This  happily  relieved  him 
of  most  of  the  poison  before  it  had  taken  fatal 
effect,  but  it  made  him  very  weak.  He  spent 
the  night  in  great  suffering. 

When  they  came  the  next  morning  to  take 
out  bis  body  and  bury  it,  what  was  their 
astonishment  in  finding  him  still  alive  !  They 
believed  he  was  in  league  with  the  devil,  and 
that  he  had  used  some  magic  arts  to  get  rid 
of  the  poison.  And  now,  in  order  to  make 
sure  of  his  death,  they  determined  to  burn 
him  alive  in  the  public  square.  His  mother 
offered  to  furnish  the  faggots,  and  the  same 
day  sent  a  cartman  with  several  bundles  and 
directed  him  to  cry  out  as  he  passed  the  cell, 
"  Here  Francis,  is  the  ration  your  mother  sends 
you." 

Everything  was  in  readiness  for  the  execu- 
tion on  the  following  day.  He  had  one  more 
night  to  spend  in  his  dreary  cell.  He  was  re- 
solved to  spend  it  in  prayer  for  deliverance 
from  the  bands  of  bis  persecutors.  While  at 
prayer  a  beam  of  the  rising  moon  came  into 
the  cell  by  the  opening  through  which  he 
bad  obtained  water  on  the  previous  night, 
Was  if  possible  for  him  to  make  bis  escape 
through  this  hole?  If  was  apparently  too 
small,  and  al  too  greal  a.  height  to  offer  him 
much    encouragement,    but    it    was   his   only 


hope,  and  he  determined  to  try.  Strippin 
oft'  his  clothes  and  tearing  them  into  shreds, 
he  made  a  long  rope.  This  he  fastened  to  a 
ring  in  the  ceil,  the  other  end  he  threw  out- 
side, and  endeavored  to  crowd  himself  after 
it  through  this  narrow  opening.  This  seemed 
impossible,  at  first,  and  had  it  not  been  for 
his  slender  form,  which  was  now  much  reduc- 
ed by  his  sufferings,  he  would  have  failed. 
But  he  got  through  at  length,  and  was  slowly 
descending  by  his  frail  rope  when  it  parted 
and  he  fell.  Fortunately  he  landed  in  the 
soft  mud  of  the  ditch,  and  no  bones  were 
broken.  Struggling  out  of  this,  he  made  his 
way  to  the  gate,  which  was  still  open,  for  it 
was  not  late.  The  sentinel  was  so  terrified 
by  the  spectacle  he  presented,  that  he  ran 
away  and  left  him  to  go  through  without  op- 
position, lie  was  so  much  weakened  by  his 
long  fasting  and  sickness,  and  exhausted  by 
his  efforts,  that  be  had  only  strength  enough 
to  drag  himself  to  a  piece  of  woods  in  the 
neighborhood.  Then  concealing  himself  with 
bushes  and  leaves,  as  well  as  he  could,  he  fell 
asleep. 

Now  as  soon  as  it  was  day  there  was  no 
small  stir  in  the  city — what  had  become  of 
their  prisoner.  They  went  out  in  all  direc- 
tions, and  scoured  the  country  to  find  bim. 
Meanwhile  he  lay  sleeping  soundly  and  softly 
in  his  hiding  place,  and  it  was  not  until  even- 
ing that  the  barking  of  the  dogs  of  his  pur 
suers  awakened  him. 

They  came  very  near  to  bim  but  did  not 
find  him.  After  dark,  when  they  had  given 
up  the  search  for  the  da}-,  he  ventured  out, 
and  directed  his  steps  to  the  house  of  a  sister 
who  kept  a  public  house  in  the  country,  some 
miles  distant,  He  determined  to  ask  her  as- 
sistance in  his  extremity.  He  hoped  she 
would  at  least  give  him  a  suit  of  clothes  and 
then  he  would  make  his  way  out  of  the  coun- 
try. He  prayed  God  to  turn  her  heart  toward 
him,  and  to  bring  his  efforts  to  escape  to  a 
successful  end. 

After  journeying  all  night  be  reached  her 
house  in  the  early  morning,  but  she  did  not1 
recognize    him   in   his  disguise.     He    almost 
feared  to  tell  her,   but  at  last,  bursting  intc 
J  tears,  he  said,  "  I  am  your  brother  Francis.' 
"  What,  the  heretic  !  "  she  cried,  as  hersistei 
had  done  before.     She  would  at  once  have  be- 
Itrayed  him,  had  not  her  husband  persuade 
her  to  give  him  some  food  and  clothes  an 
[Send  him  on  his  way.     So  again  bis  pray* 
was  answered. 

From  here  he  made  his  way  across  the 
.frontiers  into  Germany,  where  he  was  beyond 
the  reach  of  his  pursuers.  But  he  was  with- 
out means,  alone  and  friendless,  and  he  knew 
not  which  way  to  go,  nor  what  to  do.  But' 
'the  Lord  had  work  for  him  to  do,  and  after  so 
wonderfully  delivering  and  protecting  him,  H^ 
did  not  forsake  bim  now.  lie  resolved  to  tn 
to  find  out  the  family  of  his  deceased  bene 
jfactor  in  Hamburg,  with  the  hope  of  recciv 
ing  some  aid  from  them.  He  directed  hi 
steps  toward  that  city. 

The  Reformation  was  now  in  full  progres 
in  Germany.  In  the  duchy  of  Oldenburg  the 
Gospel  had'  been  widely  scattered,  and  many 
Were  eagerly  inquiring  after  the  truth;  but 
they  had  but  few  instructors.  Gospel  proach- 
'ers  wero  in  great  demand,  .lusi  at  this  timo 
Francis  Alard  came  to  them.  The  Lord  bad 
sent  him.  lie  rejoiced  in  the  opportunity  of 
preaching  the  Gospel  for  which  he  hail  suffer- 
ed so  much.     His  labors  were  attended  with 


THE    FRIEND. 


191 


jreat  success.  Many  were  brought  to  a  knowl- 
)dge  of  the  truth. 

The  prince  hearing  of  his  zeal  and  success 
is  a  preacher,  sought  his  acquaintance,  and 
earned  from  him  his  wonderful  story.  He 
loon  raised  him  to  the  highest  ecclesiastical 
josition  and  committed  to  him  the  oversight 
>f  all  the  churches  in  the  country. 

He  fulfilled  the  duties  of  his  high  office  with 
idelity  and  success.  He  did  much  to  promote 
,he  cause  of  the  Reformation  throughout  all 
hat  region. 

And  when,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety- 
bur  years,  he  was  called  to  leave  this  life  he 
ell  asleep  in  Jesus,  leaving  behind  him  a  name 
)earing  the  unique  and  double  honor,  ol  one 
vho  had  suffered  martyrdom  in  his  youth, 
ind  had  yet  lived  to  preach  the  Gospel  for 
bree-quarters  of  a  century. 

Such  is  the  story  of  the  martyr  of  Antwerp, 
ind  the  Oldenburg  reformer,  Francis  Alard. 
—Bible  Banner. 


Christ's  Predicted  Government. 

''  For  unto  us  a  child  is  born,  unto  up  a  son  is  given, 
and  the  government  shall  be  upon  his  shoulders." 
— Isaiah  ix.  0. 

On  the  shoulders  of  the  mighty  God  should 
,nd  must  the  government  rest.  I  used  in 
lading  these  words,  to  send  my  thoughts  out 
iver  the  vast  universe,  embracing  all  worlds 
nd  all  dominions,  and  exult  in  the  thought 
if  the  grandeur  of  Christ's  dominion,  extend- 
Dg  over  all  these.  And  I  would  not  exclude 
his  view  now.  It  is  true  and  impressive. 
Jut  I  dwell  with  more  pleasure  now  on  the 
ninuteness  of  that  government.  I  love  to 
hink  that  it  extends  to  the  least  affairs  of  in- 
lividual  lives.  The  government  of  mv'  life 
,nd  its  daily  interests  rest  on  his  shoulders. 
le  thinks  of  me,  and  cares  for  me;  and  noth- 
ng  can  come  to  me  without  his  control.  He 
[overns  and  shapes  the  little  concerns  of  my 
laily  life,  and  by  faith  his  controlling  hand 
nay  be  daily  seen,  and  under  his  government 
,11  things  are  working  together  for  my  good. 
)ark  and  trying  providences,  disappoint- 
nents,  losses,  bereavements,  all  things  come 
is  his  dispensations,  and  are  therefore  theor- 
lerings  of  infinite  wisdom  and  infinite  good- 
less.  The  government  is  upon  his  shoulders. 
ie  does  condescend  to  care  for  me  in  the  least 
is  well  as  in  the  greatest  affairs.  Over  all 
le  extends  his  care  and  his  loving  control. 
3an  I  not  trust  Him  ?  Is  it  not  better  that 
le  should  send  what  his  wisdom  and  love  die- 
ate?  Would  I,  if  possible,  escape  anything 
vhich  He  sends  ? 

Oh,  let  us  be  thankful  the  government  is 
lot  on  our  own  shoulders  !  It  is  not  ours  to 
;overn,  but  to  submit.  In  a  dark,  fearful 
light,  on  an  ocean  steamer,  when  the  ques- 
ion  was,  shall  we  run  under  full  steam,  and 
isk  a  collision  with  an  iceberg  or  with  another 
hip?  I  looked  on  the  captain,  with  his 
jnowledge,  and  experience,  and  seamanship, 
tnd  rejoiced  that  the  government  was  not  on 
ny  shoulders.  It  was  for  him  to  decide.  The 
'esponsibility  was  all  his.  And  with  confi- 
lence  in  his  skill,  I  rested.  But  I  knew  he 
vas  not  infallible. 

But  amidst  the  storms  of  life,  in  the  thick- 
et darkness,  amidst  the  greatest  perils,  I  can 
ook  into  the  face  of  an  infallible  One  on 
vhose  shoulders  the  government  rests.  O 
ilessed  Euler,  be  thou  my  guide,  even  unto 
leath  ;  decide  all,  control  all,  and  may  my 


heart  ever  say,  Xotmy  will,  but  thine,  be  done 
—  William  Lamson,  in  the  Watchman. 


Hurtful  Reading. — A  bad  book,  magazine, 
or  newspaper,  is  as  dangerous  to  your  child 
as  a  vicious  companion,  and  will  as  surely 
corrupt  his  morals  and  lead  him  away  from 
the  path  of  safety.  Every  parent  should  set 
this  thought  clearly  before  his  mind  and  pon- 
der it  well.  Look  to  what  your  children  read 
and  especially  to  the  kind  of  papers  that  get 
into  their  hands,  for  there  are  now  published 
scores  of  weekly  papers,  with  attractive  and 
sensuous  illustrations,  that  are  as  hurtful  to 
the  young  and  innocent  souls  as  poison  to  a 
healthful  body.  Many  of  these  papers  have 
attained  a  large  circulation,  and  are  sowing 
broadcast  the  seeds  of  vice  and  crime.  Trench- 
ing on  the  very  borders  of  indecency,  they 
corrupt  the  morals,  taint  the  imagination,  and 
allure  the  weak  and  unguarded  from  the  paths 
of  innocence.  The  dangers  to  young  persons 
from  this  cause  were  never  so  great  as  at  this 
time,  and  every  father  and  mother  should  be 
on  their  guard  against  an  enemy  that  is  sure 
to  meet  their  child. 

Look  to  it,  then,  that  your  children  are 
kept  free  as  possible  from  this  taint.  Never 
bring  into  your  house  a  paper  or  a  periodical 
that  is  not  strictly  pure.  See  to  it  that  an 
abundance  of  the  purest  and  healthiest  read- 
ing is  placed  before  j-our  children.  Hungry 
lambs  will  eat  poison,  but  if  well  fed  on  good 
food,  they  let  the  poison  alone. — tevhvtcd: 


-  Protest  Against.  Lotteries.  —  The  Democratic 
State  Convention  of  Louisiana  adopted  a  resolution 
against  the  legalized  lottery  of  that  State,  which  is 
correctly  described  as  "inviting  breaches  of  faith 
and  embezzlement,  demoralizing  society,  corrupting 
politics,  and  impeding  legislation."  If  this  move 
should  be  followed  up  by  legislative  action,  as 
the  Democratic  Convention  recommends,  the  most 
powerful  and  pernicious  lottery  organization  in  the 
country  will  be  broken  up,  or  made  to  take  its  place 
with  other  and  smaller  swindling  concerns,  that  have 
to  carry  on  their  business  in  secrecy.  When  one 
considers  the  political  power  of  the  Louisiana  Lot- 
tery, it  must  be  conceded  that  the  Convention  has 
taken  a  bold  stand  and  one  that  is  greatly  to  its 
credit. — Public  Ledger. 

— Ancient  School. — The  Collegiate  Dutch  Church 
of  New  York,  on  the  22d  of  11th  month,  celebrated 
the  2-30th  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  school 
connected  with  it.  It  preceded  the  founding  of 
Harvard  College  by  three  years.  Originally  de- 
signed as  a  primary  school,  it  has  exteuded  its 
course  of  instruction,  but  has  never  aspired  to  be 
anything  more  than  a  ''school."  It  has  always 
been  a  free  school,  and  was  the  first  free  school  in 
this  land.— .From  Christian  Intelligencer. 

—Attempt  to   Defraud  the   Sioux   Indians.— The 

Council  Fire  of  Washington  -tates  that  the  Commis- 
sioner sent  out  last  year  to  obtain  a  surrender  of  a 
large  tract  of  land  from  the  Sioux,  was  working  in 
the  interest  of  two  railroad  companies  :  The  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul ;  aud  the  Chicago  and 
North-Western.  These  companies  had  secured  a 
right  of  way  by  paying  the  Indians  for  the  land  oc- 
cupied by  the  road-bed,  depots,  &c. ;  and  by  repre- 
sentations of  the  advantages  the  railroads  would  be 
to  their  country.  They  then  planned  by  the  aid  of 
Government  to  obtain  possession  of  the  lands  near 
the  railway.  Out  of  a  population  of  2S.UUU  Indians, 
only  430  signed  the  fraudulent  agreement.  They 
were  told  by  the  Commissioners  that  if  they  did  not 
sign  it,  their  lands  would  be  taken  for  nothing. 
The  scheme  was  defeated  in  the  Senate,  because  the 
signatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  men  of  the  various 
tribes  were  not  obtained. 

If  the  charges  made  by  the  Council  Fire  are  true, 


the  conduct  of  the  Commissioners  should  cover  them 
with  lasting  disgrace, 

_  — Book  Distribution. — At  the  triennial  competi- 
tive examination  of  Chinese  students  at  Hang  Chow 
last  year,  10,000  copies  of  Griffith  John's  book  on 
Christianity  as  the  entrance  gate  to  virtue  and 
knowledge,  were  distributed  among  the   13,000  stu- 


dents  trom  all  parts 

of  the  em 

Jire. 

THE 

FRIEND. 

FIRST  MONTH 

19,  1S84. 

It  was  the  prayer  of  the  Psalmist,  that  the 
Lord  would  not  leave  him  in  old  age,  nor  for- 
sake him  when  his  strength  failed.  When 
those,  who  have  been  dedicated  servants  of 
the  Most  High,  come  to  the  close  of  this  stage 
of  existence,  a  precious  sense  that  they  have 
been  gathered  into  the  arms  of  everlasting 
mercy  is  often  given  to  their  surviving  friends. 
Under  the  softening  influence  of  the  tender 
emotions  which  are  felt  on  the  occasion  of  the 
interment  of  such,  their  survivors  are  often 
induced  to  bear  testimony  to  their  worth,  and 
sometimes  this  is  carried  so  far  as  to  seem 
like  exalting  the  creature,  to  the  partial  over- 
sight of  that  Divine  Grace  to  which  alone 
belongs  the  praise  of  their  faithful  service  and 
redemption  from  sin.  For  the  best  of  men 
are  only  poor  sinners,  saved  by  Grace,  re- 
deemed by  the  Spirit  of  Christ  from  the  pollu- 
tions that  are  in  the  world,  forgiven  for  his 
sake,  and  kept  from  falling  through  his  love 
and  power. 

How   desirable   is  it,     on     ouoh     oooasionc,     t« 

remember  the  language  of  the  Apostle  Paul, 
••  by  the  Grace  of  God,  I  am  what  I  am,"  and 
to  recognize  the  extension  of  this  grace  as  the 
source  of  the  spiritual  strength  and  beauty 
that  adorned  our  departed  friends;  as  well 
as  the  means  offered  to  those  who  remain, 
whereby  they  too  may  come  into  the  same 
blessed  condition  ! 

In  his  journal,  Thomas  Story  mentions 
being  at  the  funeral  of  that  noble  and  digni- 
fied servant  of  the  Lord,  William  Penn,  a  man 
whose  usefulness  to  his  own  and  to  succeeding 
generations,  has  been  exceeded  by  few.  He 
remarks,  "As  the  Lord  had  made  choice  of 
him  in  the  days  of  his  youth,  for  great  and 
good  services,  and  had  been  with  him  in  many 
dangers  and  difficulties  (if  various  kinds,  so  He 
did  not  leave  him  in  his  last  moments,  but 
honored  the  occasion  with  his  blessed  pres- 
ence, and  gave  us  a  happy  season  of  his  good- 
ness." 

A  similar  remark  might  truthfully  be  made 
as  to  the  recent  funerals  of  our  beloved  friends, 
Abigail  W.  Hall  and  Ann  Cope  ;  where  the 
Lord's  blessed  presence  was  sensibly  felt  by 
man}-,  solemnizing  the  spirits  of  those  assem- 
bled, and  awakening  fervent  desires  for  the 
extension  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  in  them- 
selves and  in  others.  It  seemed  a  fitting  con- 
clusion of  the  lives  of  those  who  had  served 
the  Lord  in  the  strength  of  their  day,  and 
long  labored  in  his  cause  in  their  respective 
lines  of  duty,  that  the  last  earthly  scene  in 
which  they  were  concerned  should  be  an  occa- 
sion, in  which  the  same  glorious  cause  of 
truth  and  righteousness  should  be  exalted 
in  the  hearts  of  the  people. 

SUMMARY  OF  EYENTS. 

United   States. — In  the  United  Stales  Senate,  on 

the  8th  inst.,  a  message  was  received  from  the  President, 

submitting  the  draft  of  bills  prepared  by  the  Interior 


192 


THE    FRIEND. 


Department  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  to 
certain   tribes  of  Indians,  and  to  allow  Indian  lio 
stead  entries,  without  payment  of  fees.     On  the  same 
day,  Representative  Beach,  of  New  York,  introduced 
into  the  House  Constitutional  amendments  as  follows  : 

1.  Uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  marriage  and  divorce. 

2.  Giving  the  President  power  to  veto  one  or  more 
items  in  an  appropriation  bill.  3.  Creating  a  statute  of 
limitations  to  all  claims  against  the  United  States.  4. 
The  credit,  money  and  property  of  the  United  States 
not  to  be  loaned  or  given  to  private  corporations.  5. 
Prohibiting  the  granting  of  exclusive  privileges,  and 
forbidding  legislation  on  appropriation  bills.  In  all, 
674  bills  and  resolutions  were  introduced  on  that  day. 

In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  11th  instant,  Van  Wyck, 
from  the  Committee  on  Improvement  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  reported  a  joint  resolution  making  an  immediate 
appropriation  of  3;100,000,000  to  continue  the  work  en- 
tered upon  by  the  Mississippi  River  Commission. 
After  debate,  an  amendment  offered  by  Miller,  of  New 
York,  was  adopted,  providing  that  no  part  of  the  ap- 
propriation shall  be  used  for  the  improvement  of  pri- 
vate property.  The  form  of  the  measure  was  then 
changed  from  a  joint  resolution  to  a  bill,  and  it  was 
passed. 

A  delegation  of  Flathead  Indians  will  go  to  Wash- 
ington to  confer  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in 
regard  io  the  proposed  sale  of  part  of  their  reservation, 
in  Montana. 

The  sub-committee  of  cattle  men  appointed  to  pre- 
pare a  bill  for  the  extirpation  of  contagious  diseases 
among  cattle  has  completed  the  proposed  measure,  and 
presented  it  to  the  House  Committee  on  Agriculture. 
The  bill  provides  for  a  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry, 
under  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  "  which  shall 
be  charged  with  procuring  information  on  all  subjects 
of  interest  to  cattle  owners,  and  whose  agents  shall  have 
power  to  take  measures  for  the  protection  of  live  stock 
from  contagions  diseases,  especially  pleuro-pneumonia, 


across,  with  a  depth  of  a  little  more  than  five-eighths  of  I  The  Standard's  correspondent  at  Hong  Kong  say 
an  inch.  It  is  not  perfect  in  color,  a  marked  yellowish  "Six  thousand  Chinese  troops  have  been  sent  to  Ha; 
prevailing,   though  this  disappears  in  artificial  nan.     The  greatest  activity  prevails  at  Canton.  Barg.ij 


light.  The  value  of  the  stone  cannot  be  stated,  there 
being  no  absolute  standard  for  diamonds  of  such  un- 
usual size. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  393, 
which  was  3  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
34  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  176  were  males,  and  217  females  : 
53  died  of  consumption  ;  43  of  pneumonia;  18  of  diph- 
theria ;  17  of  scarlet  fever ;  16  of  old  age  :  14  of  bron- 
chitis, and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  <fec— U.  S.  4|'s,  114J;  4's,  123J ;  3's,  101; 
currency  6's,  128  a  135. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10J  a  11  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  9}  a  9|  cts.  for  export, 
and  10}  a  10f  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  moves  slowly  and  favors  buyers.  Sales  of  1900 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $5  a  §6; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.80  a  $5;  western  do.,  at 
S5.25  a  Sli,  and  patents  at  S6  a  $6.75.  Rye  Hour  was 
steady  at  $3.62.!  a  §3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  dull,  unsettled  and  fully  lc.  per 
bush,  lower.  About  11,500  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  in- 
cluding No.  1  at  $1.10  a  $1.11 ;  No.  2  at  $1.05.!  a  $1.10 


have  been  sunk  in  the  Canton  river  to  block  up 
channel."  It  is  asserted  that  China  has  definitely  d 
cided  not  to  recall  the  troops  from  Bac-Ninh,  where 
decisive  battle  is  expected  to  take  place  soon.  Tl 
Chinese  troops  sent  to  Hainan  are  possessed  of  goc 
physique  and  fairly  armed,  but  indifferently  drillei 
The  Chinese  state  that  some  extraordinary  steps  ai 
imminent. 

The  upper  house  of  the  Hungarian  Diet  has  rejectei 
by  a  vote  of  200  to  191,  the  bill  legalizing  marriagt 
between  Jews  and  Christians. 

The  Journal  de  St.  Petersbourg,  in  an  editorial  artici 
upon  the  recent  New  Year  letter  of  the  Emperor  Wi 
liam  to  the  authorities  of  Berlin,  welcomes  the  Germa 
Emperor's  assurances  of  peace,  which,  it  says,  will  ir 
spire  universal  confidence. 

Advices  from  Panama  to  the  5th  instant  report  cor 
tinuous  arrivals  of  men  to  work  for  the  Canal  Compan 
and  contractors.  The  number  at  work  on  that  date  i 
different  capacities  exceeded  14,000.  The  dry  seaso 
having  set  in,  it  was  hoped  much  progress  would  h 
made  with  the  work.  The  Congress  of  Bolivia  hs 
voted  a  sum  of  money  for  the  exploration  of  the  Madi 
de  Dios  River.  The  region  drained  by  this  river  it 
according  to  tradition  the  source  whence  the  Peru 


per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red    Incas  obtained  their  gold,  and  tin- wealthiest  gold  bea 


I  cts.  per  bushel,  and  150,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at 
$1.04  a  $1.06  1st  mo.,  Sl.Ooj  a  $1.06]  2d  mo.,  $1.07| 
a  $1.08]  3rd  mo.,  $1,101  a  $1,104  4th  mo.,  and  $1.12  a 
$1.12i  5th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  easier:  20,000 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60  a  61  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  prime  yellow,  56  a  59  cts.  for  rejected  and 
steamer,  and  sail  mixed  at  59if  a  60J  cts.  1st  mo.,  60}  a 
601  cts.  2d  mo.,  611  a  61  f  cts.  3rd  mo.,  62  a  621  cts.  4th 

and  63  a  631  "'ill  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  easier. 
About  12,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  43  a  45  cts.  per 


and  to  establish  quarantine  on  cattle  imported  from  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  41. J  a 
places  where  such  disease  exists.  Such  bureau  is  also  43  cts.  1st  mo.,  4U  a  42  cts.  2d  mo.,  42}  a  43  cts.  3"rd 
to  look  into  cattle  transportation,  to  provisions  in  refer-  mo.,  42 J  a  43£  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  43 J  a  44}  cts.  5th  mo. 
ence  to  their  safely  .and  fiimf-.rt  while  in  railway  trains, !  live  was  unchanged.  Small  sales  are  reported  at  65 
and  all  other  matters  relative  to  the  proper  care  and' cts.  per  bushel. 

protection  of  cattle.''  I     Hay  and  Straw  Market.-For  the  week  ending  1st 

1  he  bark  Elinira,  which  was  totally  wrecked  at  Long!  mo.  12th,  1884,-Loads  of  hay,  3s:j ;  |u;l«ls  of  straw*  72  ; 
Beach,  i\ew  Jersey,  on  Ilurd-day  night,  the  8th  inst.,  i  Average  price  during  week— Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
have  had  thirteen   persons  on  board,  all] $1.00  per  100  lbs.;   mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
lost.     Six  bodies,  one  of  them  belonging  straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  demand,  and  prices  were  a  fraction 


of   Wl 


■1  ■!■•  '-■ 


another  to  a  little  child,  have  been 
washed  ashore,  mutilated  beyond  recognition,  and  are 
buried  on  the  beach.  The  vessel  struck  within  three 
hundred  yards  of  the  shore,  hut  the  fury  of  the  tempest 
made  it  impossible  to  reach  her  by  boat  or  life  line 
during  the  darkness.  At  times  the  cries  of  the  doomed 
sailors  could  be  heard  through  the  roar  of  the  wind  and 
sea,  but  when  day  dawned  not  a  vestige  of  the  vessel 
could  be  seen.  Pieces  of  the  wreck  were  afterwards 
found  fiye  miles  south  of  the  spot  where  she  struck. 

The  beach  at  Long  Branch,  for  miles  north  and  south, 
is  covered  with  broken  timbers,  fragments  of  bathing- 
houses  and  broken  up  furniture,  results  of  the  devasta- 
tion wrought  by  the  storm.  Every  bulkhead  along  the 
Shore  from  Seabright  to  Elberon,  bears  marks  of  the 
storm.  All  the  pavilions  at  Asbury  Park  and  Ocean 
Beach  were  damaged.  A  subscription  has  been  started 
in  aid  of  the  fishermen  of  Seabright,  whose  dwellings 
were  swept  away. 

The  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Works,  of  New 
York,  strongly  advocates  the  protection  of  the  Adiron- 
dack forests.  He  says,  "  the  continued  cutting  away  of 
the  forests  has  made  the  decrease  of  water  supply  pain- 
fully apparent.  Should  this  continue  the  result  on  the 
canals  would  be  disastrous." 

The  Louisiana  Sugar  Planters'  Association,  in  session 
at  New  Orleans,  on  the  10th  inst.  adopted  resolutions 
opposing  the  ratification  of  the  Mexican  Reciprocity 
isastrous  to  the  interests  of  our  sugar  pro- 


;  Slates 

estimated  amount  of  wheat  in  Cal 
Isi  mo.  L884,  was  6,800,000  centa 
100  centals. 

Js 


fornia  on  the 
s  ;    of  barley, 


lersimmon  is  being  successfully  culti- 
vated in  all  parts  of  California.  The  tree  is  highly 
ornamental,  a  prolific  bearer,  as  hardy  as  the  pear,  and 
(mils  early.  1  he  fruit  is  delicious,  and  often  weighs  a. 
pound.  Its  scan, m  is  from  loth  mo.  to  3rd  mo.,  when 
other  fruits  are  scarce. 

The  (anting  of  a  South  African  diamond,  which 
weighed  in  the  rough  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
karats,  and  was  probably  the  largesl  diamond  evei  i  ill 
in  this  country,  has  just  been  completed  in  Boston,  lie 
gem  as  cut  weighs  77  karats,  is  of  a  rounded  cushion 
Shape,  with   56  facets,  and   measures    nearly  a  lull  inch 


higher:  2900  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  5}  a  71  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Sheep  were  in  demand,  but  prices  were  a  fraction 
lower:  13,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  34  a  6}  cts.,  and 
lambs  at  4i  a_7]  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hog  were  in  fair  demand  and  prices  steady :  5300 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  8  a  9  cts.  per  pound,  the  latter 
rate  for  extra. 

Foreign. —A  Cairo  despatch,  received  in  Paris,  con 
tains  the  letter  sent  by  Sherif  Pasha  and  the  other  Egyp 
tian  Ministers  to  the  Khedive  announcing  the  reasons 
for  their  resignations.  The  following  is  the  text  of  the 
letter: 

"  The  Queen's  Government  has  demanded  the  aban 
donment  of  the  Soudan.  We  have  no  right  to  take  that 
step,  since  the  Soudan  is  in  possession  of  the  Porte,  and 
inn  listed  to  our  charge.  The  Queen's  .Government  as- 
serts that  Egypt  should  follow  its  counsels  without  dis- 
cussion. This  declaration  violates  the  organic  rescript 
of  August  28,  1878,  that  the  Khedive  governs  with  and 
through  his  Ministers. 

"We  resign  because  we  are  prevented  from  govern 
ing  in  accordance  with  the  Constitution." 

On  the  9th  inst.  Nubar  Pasha  assumed  office  as  Prime 
Minister  of  the  new  Egyptian  Cabinet. 

Cairo,  1st  month  11th.— The  Ministry  of  War  has 
dialled  a  statement  regarding  (he  proposed  evacuation 
ol  the  Soudan.  It  shows  that  there  are  "1  (Mill  men  and 
84  guns  in  the  Soudan.  The  removal  to  Khartoum  of 
the  ammunition  slored  at  Kas-ala  would  require  4000 
camels,  or  6000  if  file  material  on  the  Abyssinian  fron- 
tier should  also  be  removed.  A  march  from  Berber  to 
Wadi-llalfa,  through  the  Desert,  would  be  impossible 
It  would  be  necessary,  therefore,  to  make  the  journey 
by  river,  which  would  take  three  months  and  require 
1300  boats.  Several  Bedouin  tribes  along  the  Nile, 
between  Khartoum  and  Berber,  have  declared  for  El 
Mahdi. 

Paris,  1st  month  12th.— A  telegram  from  Cairo  stales 
that  the  Egyptian  Government  has  given  orders  to 
evacuate  Khartoum,.  The  guns  will  he  spiked  and  the 
powdi  r  destroyed^  It  is  believed  that  all  the  efforts  of 
tie-  Egyptian  authorities  will  now  be  concentrated  on 
the  defence  of  Massowah  and  Suakim. 


ing  district  in  the  world.  Two  American  locomotive 
have  arrived  in  Chili  for  the  Santiago  and  Tolca  sec 
tion  of  the  Southern  Railway.  They  are  the  first  in 
stalment  of  an  order  for  10  locomotives,  300  cars  and 
restaurant  cars. 

Asingle  plant  of  a  new  species  of  potato— which  ha 
received  the  botanical  name  of  solarium  ohroudi — wa 
some  time  ago  discovered  on  a  small  uninhabited  islan' 
at  the  month  of  the  River  Platte,  in  South  Americt 
The  tubers,  about  the  size  of  hens'  eggs,  were  carried  t 
France  and  planted.  The  taste  of  the  tubers  was  bit 
ter,  with  a  chestnut  flavor,  but  under  cultivation  tin 
quality  is  reported  to  be  improving.  The  yield  i 
abundant,  and  as  little  labor  is  required  to  raise  th 
crop  it  is  thought  that  the  new  potato  may  furnish 
desirable  food  for  cattle,  even  if  it  does  not  becom 
sufficiently  improved  for  table  use. 

La  Opinion  National  of  Lima,  states  that  a  truce  be 
tween  Chili  and  Bolivia  has  been  agreed  upon,  th- 
conditions  of  which  do  not  interfere  with  the  settlemen 
of  the  Peruvian  question.  The  sum  for  the  mainten 
ance  of  the  Chilian  army  of  occupation  has  been  limitet 
to  the  proceeds  from  the  Mollendo  Custom  House, 


Died,  Twelfth  mo.  29th,  1883,  at  her  residence  ir 
Malvern,  Pa.,  Abigail  W.  Hall,  wife  of  Isaac  Hall 
and  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Hannah  Williams,  formerly 
of  Plymouth,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  a  beloved  ministei 
and  member  of  Goshen  Monthly  Meeting,  in  the  72nc 
year  of  her  age.  Having  in  early  life  yielded,  in  filia 
submission,  to  the  visitations  of  Divine  Grace,  anc 
taken  the  yoke  of  Christ  upon  her,  she  became  a  brigh 
example  of  meekness  and  humility,  and  of  dedicatior 
to  her  Lord  and  Master's  service.  'She  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  under  an  apprehension  of  religious  duty, 
engaged  first  in  the  capacity  of  teacher,  and  afterwards 
that  of  governess,  at  Westtown  School.  In  these  situa- 
tions she  was  conscientiously  concerned  to  discharge 
her  duties  with  fidelity  ;  being  deeply  exercised  for  the 
religious  welfare  of  her  precious  charge;  and  was  pecus 
liarly  qualified  to  feel  with,  instruct  and  encourage  the 
young  Christian  traveller— to  feed  and  care  for  the 
lambs  of  the  fold;  and  her  interest  in  the  dear  young 
people  went  with  her  through  life,  even  to  desiring 
they  should  be  invited  to  her  funeral,  and  expressing  a 
hope  that  the  occasion  might  be  one  of  favor  and  re- 
newed visitation  to  them.  About  the  40th  year  of  her 
age  she  received  a  gift  in  the  ministry— always  speak- 
ing of  it  as  a  "small  gift," — yet  she  "did  not  despise 
it."  And  being  diligent  to  wait  on  her  ministry,  andpj 
not  utter  words  without  a  clear  call  thereto,  her  commu- 
nications, though  mostly  brief,  were  deep  and  weighty 
and  delivered  with  great  solemnity,  which  hail  a  set 
tling  and  solemnizing  effect  over  'an  assembly.  SheJ* 
endured  a  protracted  and  suffering  illness  without  a 
murmur,  sending  many  endearing  messages  to  her 
friends,  and  uttered  many  heavenly  expressions  and 
sweet  little  prayers;  and  we  trust  the  language  may  be 
appropriately  annexed:  "Precious  in  the  sight  of' the 
Lord  is  the  death  of  his  saints." 

,  at  her  residence  in   Hist  Bradford,  Chester  Co., 

I'a.,  on  the  It h  of  1st  mo.  1884,  Ann  Cope,  widow  of 

the  late  Samuel  Cope,  a  beloved   member  and  elder  oi 
Bradford  Monthly  and  Particular  Meeting,  in  the  79th 
of  her  ace. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII, 


SEVENTH-DAY,  FIRST  .MONTH  26,  1884. 


NO.    25. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


ered 


second-class 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

BAPTIZING    POWER    OP    TRUE    MINISTRY. 

At  one  period  of  Job  Scott's  life,  he  had 
mbibed  the  belief  that  baptism  with  water 
vas  a  Christian  ordinance.  The  argument 
rbich  produced  this  conclusion,  hethus  states: 
Christ  commanded  his  disciples  to  baptize: 
10  man  can  baptize  with  the  Holy  Ghost ; 
herefore  the  baptism  He  commanded  was 
lot  that  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  but  that  of  water." 
This  then  appeared  to  me  conclusive  and  un- 
inswcrable.  But  it  was  my  ignorance  of  that 
>aptizing  power  which  attends  all  true  Gos- 
>el  ministry,  that  made  me  assent  to  this  false 
losition,  "No  man  can  baptize  with  the  H0I3- 
ihost."  Man  himself,  in  his  own  mere  ability, 
[  know  cannot;  but  I  also  know,  that  of  him- 
elf  he  cannot  preach  the  gospel.  This  asser- 
ion,  "  no  man  can  preach  the  gospel,"  is 
usl  as  true  as  that  "no  man  can  baptize  with 
he  Holy  Ghost."  As  man  merely,  he  can 
lo  nothing  at  all  of  either;  but  it  still  stands 
rue,  man  can,  man  does,  through  Divine  as- 
istance,  do  both.  The  real  gospel  was  never 
'et  preached,  but  "  with  the  Holy  Ghost 
ent  down  from  Heaven."  Thus  the  apostles 
ireacbed  it,  and  thus  alone  it  is  still  preached  ; 
,nd  so  preaching  it,  it  was  a  baptizing  minis- 
ry.  As  they  spake,  the  Holy  Ghost  fell  on 
hem  that  heard  them;  that  is,  where  faith 
rrought  in  the  hearts  of  the  hearers,  and  the 
iving  eternal  word  prea"ched,  through  the 
lower  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  was  mixed  with 
aitb  in  them  that  heard  it;  the  Holy  Ghost 
bll  on  them,  baptizing  them  into  a  living,  soul- 
aving  sense  of  the  power  of  God  unto  salva- 
tion, which  is  the  true  life  of  the  Gospel. 
Ohus  the  apostles  fulfilled  the  commission  ; 
frhey  taught  baptizingly. 

*  Joseph  Pike  relates  that  in  the  year  16G9, 
^?hen  he  was  about  12  years  of  age,  "William 
ij5dmundson  of  Eosenallis,  that  worthy  and 
i-  onorable  Friend  and  father  in  Israeli"  was 
.''Oncerned  to  visit  Friends  at  Cork,  where  he 
Resided.  He  says,  "  To  this  meeting  I  went, 
Ipth  great  heaviness  and  sorrow  upon  my 
joul,  under  a  mournful  sense  of  my  repeated 
iJ  ransgressions  against  the  Lord  ;  and  also  with 
*arnest  cries,  that  He  would  be  pleased  to 
Srgive  me,  and  for  the  time  to  come  grant 
I  ie  power  and  strength  over  the  temptations 
off  the  enemy;  for  I  clearly  saw  that  I  was 
rf  ot  capable  by  any  ability  of  my  own  to  pre- 
^ei've  myself  from  the  least  evil,  agreeably  to 


the  saying  of  my  blessed  Lord,  'Without  me 
ye  can  do  nothing.'  I  sat  down  in  the  meet- 
ing full  of  sorrow  ;  and  William  Edmundson's 
testimony  so  reached  my  inward  state  and 
condition,  and  pierced  ray  very  soul,  that  I 
could  not  refrain  crying  out  in  the  meeting, 
under  a  sense  of  my  sins  and  the  Lord's  te 
rors  and  judgments,  which  I  then  felt  beyond 
what  I  had  ever  before  experienced.  And  I 
was  at  that  time  as  truly  baptized  by  the 
powerful  preaching  of  the  word  of  life  by 
him,  as  those  were  to  whom  the  apostle  Peter 
preached."  Acts  ii.  37. 

Mary  Capper  relates  that  at  London  Yearly 
Meeting  in  1812.  Henry  Hull,  of  New  York, 
who  was  then  in  England  on  religious  service, 
paid  a  visit  to  the  women's  meeting.  After 
speaking  impressively  to  them,  he,  with  much 
solemnitj-,  commended  them  to  God  and  the 
word  of  his  grace.  M.  C.  says  :  "  He  then 
withdrew,  with  his  companions,  leaving  us  in 
remarkable  quietness,  and  some  of  us  in  con- 
trition of  spirit;  somewhat  like  the  early 
morning  of  our  visitation,  and  still  prized  as 
a  precious  token  for  good." 

When  Samuel  Neale  of  Cork,  Ireland,  was 
a  young  man,  he  indulged  in  many  sinful 
pleasures  and  liberties,  and  was  far  from  sub- 
mitting tn  the  restraints  ot't  he  cross  of  Christ. 
In  an  account  of  his  life  which  was  left  among 
his  papers,  he  describes  the  manner  in  which 
he  was  aroused  to  an  earnest  pursuit  after 
heavenly  riches.     He  says  : — 

"I  remember  being  at  a  play  one  evening, 
up  late  that  night ;  and  lying  pretty  long  next 
morning,  which  was  First-day,  an  acquaint- 
ance asked  me  to  go  to  meeting,  and  at  the 
same  time  informed  me  there  were  strangers 
to  be  there,  telling  me  who  they  were.  I  said, 
I  would,  for  at  my  worst  state  I  generally  at- 
tended meetings.  So  to  meeting  I  went,  and 
't  was  a  memorable  one  to  me;  for  in  it  my 
state  was  so  opened  to  that  highly  favored 
'nstrument  in  the  Lord's  hand,  Catharine 
Payton  (who  with  my  beloved  friend,  Mary 
Peisley,  was  visiting  the  churches)  that  all  I 
had  done  seemed  to  have  been  unfolded  to  her 
wonderful  manner.  I  was  as  one  smitten 
to  the  ground,  dissolved  in  tears,  and  without 
spirit.  This  was  a  visitation  from  the  Most 
High,  beyond  all  others  that  I  had  as  yet  wit- 
nessed. I  was  so  wrought  upon  by  the  power 
and  Spirit  of  the  holy  Jesus,  that,  like  Saul, 
I  was  ready  to  cry  out :  '  Lord,  what  wouldst 
thou  have  me  to  do?'  I  was  almost  ashamed 
to  be  seen,  being  so  bedewed  with  tears,  and 
unk  away  from  the  meeting  to  get  into  a 
private  place.  *  *  *  I  abode  still  and  quiet, 
and  kept  near  these  messengers  of  glad  tidings 
to  me.  I  went  with  them  to  Bandon  and 
Kinsale ;  and  the  same  powerful  dispensation 
of  Divine  virtue  followed  me,  breaking  in 
upon  me,  and  tendering  my  spirit  in  a  won- 
derful manner,  in  public  meetings  as  well  as 
private  opportunities;  which  drew  the  atten- 
tion and  observation  of  many.  When  I  re- 
turned to  Cork,  I  kept  as  private  as  I  well 


could,  and  resolved  to  quit  all  my  worldly 
pursuits,  and  follow  the  gentle  leadings  of 
that  heavenly  Light,  which  showed  me  the 
vanity  of  worldly  glory,  and  that  the  plea- 
sures of  sin  arc  but  as  for  a  moment." 

As  Samuel  Neale  continued  to  walk  in  the 
way  which  the  Lord  cast  up  before  him,  he 
was  soon  constrained  to  open  his  mouth  in 
testimony.  Returning  to  Dublin,  which  was 
then  his  home,  he  says,  "I  had  much  reason- 
ing with  flesh  and  blood,  such  as,  what  would 
the  people  think  or  say  of  such  an  one  as  I, 
who  had  been  a  gay  young  man,  a  libertine, 
and  a  persecutor  of  the  holy  Jesus  in  his 
spiritual  appearance,  to  appear  now  as  a 
preacher  of  righteousness.  When  the  meet- 
ing-day came,  my  fears  increased  ;  and  in  this 
state  I  went  to  meeting.  It  was  on  a  First-day; 
there  was  a  very  large  gathering,  amongst 
whom  were  divers  of  my  associates  and  old 
companions.  I  was  concerned  to  bear  my 
testimony,  which  I  did  in  great  fear  and 
trembling.  The  subject  was  Paul's  conver- 
sion: 'Saul,  Saul,  why  persecutest  thou  me?' 
It  was  spoken  in  great  brokenness, — I  did  not 
say  much,  but  it  had  an  extraordinary  reach 
over  the  meeting;  many  wept  aloud,  and  for 
a  considerable  space  of  time.  After  meeting  I 
endeavored  to  get  away  unperceived,  though 
one  man  (not  of  our  Society)  caught  me  in  his 
arms  and  embraced  me.  Thus  I  was  sus- 
tained and  strengthened  in  my  setting  out  in 
the  work  of  the  ministry  ;  and  had  an  evidence 
that  the  people  were  much  reached  and 
powerfully  affected  that  day." 

On  one  occasion  Thomas  Wilson,  whom 
Thomas  Story  describes  as  one  of  the  most 
powerful  ministers  of  bis  time,  was  at  a  meet- 
ing in  London  where  was  a  great  concourse 
of  people,  and  among  them  two  persons  of 
high  rank  in  the  world,  who  sat  very  atten- 
tively whilst  a  Friend  was  speaking,  and 
seemed  to  like  what  was  delivered.  But  when 
Thomas  stood  up,  being  old,  bald  and  of  a 
mean  appearance,  they  despised  him  ;  and  one 
said  to  the  other:  "  Come,  my  lord,  let  us  go, 
for  what  can  this  old  fool  say?"  "  No,"  said 
the  other,  "let  us  stay,  for  this  is  Jeremiah 
the  prophet,  let  us  hear  him."  So,  as  Thomas 
went  on,  the  life  arose,  and  the  power  got  into 
dominion,  which  tendered  one  of  them  in  a 
very  remarkable  manner;  the  tears  flowed  in 
great  plenty  from  his  eyes,  which  he  strove 
in  vain  to  bide.  After  Thomas  had  sat  down, 
this  person  stood  up,  and  desired  ho  might  be 
forgiven  of  the  Almighty  for  despising  the 
greatest  of  his  instruments  under  Heaven. 

It  has  often  been  said  that  there  is  no 
preaching  more  effective  than  that  of  a  truly 
godly  life.  As  an  illustration  of  its  power, 
the  following  incident  is  narrated. 

One  of  the  largest  hospitals  in  a  city  in  the 
south  of  France  had  a  matron  who  was  a 
faithful  follower  of  the  Lord.  She  had  learned 
by  grace,  that  a  meek  and  quiet  spirit  was  of 
great  price  in  the  sight  of  Him  who  was  meek 
and  lowly  of  heart. 


194 


THE    FRIEND. 


On  one  occasion  a  patient   angry  at  a  rule  course  alon^  the  sky  with  much  interest,    On 
of  the   hospital   being  enforced,  spat  in  the  the  22d  it  will  set  soon  utter  9  o'clock  : 
matron's  face  in  the  presence  of  the  assembled 


north  of  the  sun-set  point ;  and  on  the  2d  prox. 
about  8  P.  M.,  much  farther  south.  Its  E.  A. 
will  then  (2d  mo.  2d)  be  about  Oh.  35m.;  dec. 
28°  south. 

It  is  now  fully  believed  that  this  is  the 
same  comet  which  appeared  in  the  autumn 
of  1812.  It  was  then  first  seen  by  a  man 
named  Pons.  This  time  (9th  mo.  3d,  1883) 
by  W.  R.  Brooks,  so  it  is  called  the  Pons- 
Brooks  comet.  It  will  probably  disappear 
from  our  vision  about  the  last  of  next  month, 
not  to  reappear  till  1954. 

Wm.  Dawson. 

Spiceland,  Ind.,  1st  mo.  14th,  18S4. 

Shechem  in  Palestine. — Jotham's  Parable. — 
After  the  conquest  [of  the  Canaanites  by 


ward  ;  she  quietly  wiped  her  face,  saying,  "  i 

have   been   greatly  honored   to  share  the  in- 
dignity offered  to  my  blessed  Saviour."     The 

outrage  was  never  repeated. 

Afterwards,  when  a  new  patient  was  ad- 
mitted, and    placed    in   bed,  the   matron  sent 

her  daughter  to  remove  the  apparel  from  the 

ward  to  another  apartment,  as  no  clothing 

was  allowed   to   be   retained   in    the  sleeping 

room.     As  the  young  girl  stooped  to  gather 

the  clothing   together,   the  woman,  enraged 

that  it  should  be  removed,  bent  over  her,  and 

raising  one  of  her  heavy  wooden  shoes  struck 

her  violently  and  repeatedly  on  the  back. 
AW  looked  on  in  wonder  and  dismay  at  this 

undeserved    cruelty  to    one    who   had  never 

offended,  feeling  that  this    must    touch   the' the   Israelites   under  Joshua],    Shechem    be 

mother's  heart  far  more  severely  than  any  in-  longed   to   Bphraim,   and   was  given   to  the 

dignity  offered  to  herself.    The  matron  calmly  i  Levites  '  to  be  a  city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer.' 

continued  her  duties.    In  the  evening  the  cul-  Abimelech,  the  treacherous  and  bloody  son 

prit  beheld  her  approach  her  bed.    She  waited  0f  Gideon,  made  it  his  capital  after  the  death 

for   some    word    of    reproach  —  none   came;  0f  his  father,  as  we  read  in  the  ninth  chapter 

for  some  expression  of  displeasure  in  her  face,  j  0f  Judges.    'And  when  they  told  it  to  Jotham, 

— none  was  seen.     Carefully  she  arranged  the  he  went  and  stood  in  the  top  of  Mount  Geri- 

pillows,   tenderly  she   spoke  to  the   woman l  Z\m,  and  lifted  up   his   voice,'  rebuking   the 

while  performing  offices  of  kindness.     The'  Shcehemites,   in   the  words   of  his   beautiful 

heart  of  the  harsh  and  violent  woman  melted.1  parable,  and  foretelling  their  ruin,  and  then 

She  watched  and   listened   to  the  matron  as  be  'ran  away  and  fled.'' 

from  day  to  day  she  ministered  of  the  "goodl      «  Several  lofty  precipices  of  Gcrizim  literally 

things"  promised    by  her  Heavenly   Father,  overhang  the  city,  any  one  of  which   would  |  list  of  known  forms. 

Before  leaving  the  hospital  she  declared  that1  answer  bis  purpose.     Nor  would  it  be  difficult       To   gain   knowledge    to    construct  charts; 

the  meek  forgiveness  of  injury  thus  manifested  to  be  heard,  as  everybody  knows  who   has  giving  accurate  depths  of  water;  nature  oi 

by  one  who  walked   with   God,  had    broken:  listened   to   the  public   crier   in    villages    on  |  bottom;    temperatures   at   various    depthS 

her  heart,  and  prepared  her  to  follow  in  the  Lebanon.     In  the  stillness  of  evening,  after  specific  gravity  and  chemical  composition  o 

"jotsteps  of  the  flock  of  Christ's  companions,  the  people  have   returned  home  from   their'these  waters;  the  amount  of  air  contained  ' 

distant  fields,  he  ascends  the  mountain-side'  same  ;  the  quantity  and  quality  of  light  a 
above  the  place,  or  to  the  roof  of  some  promi-j  varying  depths;    the  force  and  direction  o 
nent  house,  and  there,  'lifts  up  his  voice  and  currents,  and  any  additional  knowledge  hav 
cries,'  as  Jotham  did  ;  and  he  gives  forth  his.ing  an  economical  or  scientific  importance, 
proclamation  with  such   distinctness  that  allj      When  any  thing  of  food  value  is  discovered 

northwestern  sky  more  than  four  months,  is!  can  hear  and  understand.     Indeed,  the  people,  the  places  of  its  abode  and  methods  of  captur 
of  west,  in  these  mountainous  countries  are  able,  from  will  be  published  in  the 

and  is  moving  rapidly  southward.    Ithasbeen  long  practice,  so  to  pitch  their  voices  as  to  be'abling  seamen  to  bring  it  within  our  reach 

visible  to  the  naked  eye  for  several  weeks—  heard  at  distances  almost  incredible.     They]  Specimens  of  animal  and  vegetable  life  will  | 


Deep  Sea  Studies. 

In  this  article  I  have  simply  attempted  aij 
outline  of  the  work  done  by  the  "Fish  Comi 
mission,"  that  the  readers  of  "  The  Friend' 
may  form  some  idea  of  its  aims  and  methods! 

For  years  the  fauna  and  flora  of  the  seii 
have  interested  scientific  minds,  and  measureij 
more  or  less  systematic  been  instituted  to  in 
crease  knowledge  of  its  wonders.  It  has  beeii 
left  to  the  United  States  to  first  build  specia 
vessels  for  this  work,  and  by  their  help 
carefully  study  the  nature  of  the  sea,  its  in, 
habitants  and  bottom;  even  as  workers 
land  study  a  new  area,  not  by  getting  a  fev 
specimens  here  and  there,  but  by  selecting  cer( 
tain  portions  and  working  them  up  thorough! 
ly.  Before  describing  special  apparatus  ar 
methods  of  research,  it  may  be  well  to  presen  ] 
a  brief  synopsis  of  the  ends  to  be  attained 
which  are — 

To  find  new  and  valuable  additions  to  thij 
list  of  our  food  fishes,  to  study  their  habit] 
and  the  grounds  they  frequent;  and  in  thii 
case  of  fish  already  known,  to  learn  as  wel 
their  habits  and  the  places  of  their  winter  o 
summer  resorts,  and  thus  enable  them  to  bi 
brought  to  our  market  at  all  seasonable  times 

To  study  more  carefully  the  habits  of  marim 
animals,  from  the  simplest  protozoan  to  th< 
most  specialized  mammalian  that  lives  in  th 
sea;  and  make  all  possible  additions  to  tflj 


The  Pons-Brooks  Comet. 

The  comet  which   has  been  traversing  the 
>rthwestern  sky  more  than  four  m 
now  in  the  west,  or  somewhat  south 


appearing  like  a  small  star, from  which  itcould 
hardly  be  distinguished  without  a  glass.  But 
a  very  small  telescope  would  readily  show 
the  "  hairy"  phase  of  a  comet,  My  6-foot  in- 
strument, 4T63  inches  aperture,  made  it  look 
like  a  splendid  comet  just  before  the  present 
moon  came  in.  The  nucleus  was  very  bright, 
and  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  crown  of  light, 
having  a  fine  tail  extending  from  the  side  op- 
posite the  sun  ;  but  moonlight  obscured  much 
of  the  crown  and  tail,  and  thus  cut  short,  the 
splendor  of  the  comet.  However,  the  moon 
is  now  leaving  our  evening  sky,  and  the 
comet  is  thought  to  have  attained  its  bright- 
est position :  so  we  may  expect  a  return  of 
cometic  splendor  in  the  telescope,  and  also  an 
object  of  interest  to  the  naked  eye;  though  it 
will  not  at  all  approach  the  great  comet  of 
1882. 

Last  night  (1st  month  13th)  it  was  nearly 
in  range-line  with  Scheat  and  Markab  ( tin- 
two  western  stars  in  Square  of  Pegasus)  about 
as  far  south  of  Markab  as  it  is  from  Scheat, 
being  in  R,  A.  23  h.  6  m. ;  and  dec.  0°  28',  north, 
It  moves  about  three  degrees  a  day  in  a 
southerly  direction — nearly  horizontal.  Or 
1st  month  20th  to  25th,  it  passes  a"\ew  de- 
grees below  Iota  and  Beta,  in  the  constella- 
tion Cctus.  Its  course  will  be  nearly  parallel 
with  a  lino  through  these  two  stars. 

Those    having  a  star  atlas   can    trace  its 


___eyji3pe' 
talk  with  persons  across  deep  wadys.  [valleys],!  placed  on  exhibition  at  the  National  Museur 
and  give  directions  which  are  perfectly  under-  in  Washington,    and   duplicates  sent  to  th 


stood  ;  and  in  doing  this  they  seem  to  speak 
very  little  louder  than  their  usual  tone  of  con- 
versation. Jotham.  therefore,  might  easily 
be  heard  by  the  greater  part  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of Shechem. 

"  Nablus,  the  modern  name  [of  Shechem], 
is  merely  the  Arabic  for  Neapolis,  or  New 
City,  which  was  given  to  it  by  Vespasian, 
possibly  because  it  had  been,  at  least  partially, 
rebuilt  by  his  command.  The  houses  of  the 
city  are  solidly  built  of  stone.  The  streets 
are  narrow,  crooked,  dirty  and  dark,  and  in 
many  places  arched  or  vaulted  over.  In 
winter  it  is  difficult,  if  not  dangerous,  to  pass 
along  them,  owing  to  the  rush  of  water  from 
the  fountains  and  streams,  which  at  that 
season  of  the  year  are  full  and  overflowing  ; 
it  surges  over  the  pavement  with  a  deafen- 
ing roar.  It  has  the  mulberry,  the  orange, 
the  pomegranate,  and  other  trees  growing 
amongst  the  houses,  and  wreathed  and  fes- 
tooned with  roses  and  grape-vines,  the  fra- 
grance of  whose  blossoms  in  the  spring  loads 
the  air  with  delicious  perfume.  There  the 
bulbul  delights  to  sing,  and  hundreds  of  other 
birds  unite  to  swell  the  chorus.  The  people 
of  Nablus  maintain  that  theirs  is  the  most 
musical  valley  in  Palestine. —  W.  M.  Thorn 
son's  The  Jjiiml  and  The  Booh. 


various  schools,  here  and  abroad,  wThere  th 
student  can  have  before  him  the  actual  speci 
men  and  not  depend  upon  "a  rude  diagramati 
expression." 

Thus  the  Commission  not  only  aims  to  ir 
crease  the  variety  of  our  food  and  give  great! 
opportunity  for  honest  labor;  but  it  acts  a 
an  educator  in  the  grandest  of  human  studie 
-Lif, 

The  Commission  has  at  present  two  vessel 
engaged  in  this  work,  the  "Albatr 
•'  Fish  Hawk  ;"  the  time  of  the  former  is  es, 
clusively  devoted  to  the  work  in  questioi 
while  the  "  Fish  Hawk"  is  so  employed  whe 
not  propagating  food  fishes.  To  those  ir 
terested  in  the  subject,  full  details  are  put 
lished  in  tin'  Bulletins  of  Fish  Commission  an 
National  Museum.  Generalizing,  so  as  to  b 
accurate,  brief  and  popular,  is  no  easy  task 
ami  time  will  allow  but  a  rapid  survey  of  th 
more  important  methods  and  appliances.  Bi 
sides,  to  land-folk,  the  sea,  its  ways  and  il 
language,  are  Greek. 

Both  vessels  have  forward  of  the  fore  mas 
a  stationary  engine  ami  drum  for  hauling  i 
the  "trawl"  or  "dredge."  Galvanized  wii 
rope  is  wound  around  the  drum,  this  rope  has 
diameter  of  three-eighths  of  an  inch,  and  wi 
stand  a  strain  of  seven  thousand  pounds.    Th 


THE    FRIEND. 


195 


mercury  at  the  bend  noted,  and  it  also  falls  to 
the  distal  end  of  the  staff'  winch  is  now  lower- 
most. The  thermometer  may  be  drawn  up 
through  warmer  or  colder  water  and  the 
column  of  mercury  not  practically  influenced, 
for  it  has  no  connection  with  that  in  the  bulb. 
The  scale  is  reversed  on  these  thermometers, 
and  where  we  usually  look  for  212  F.,  we  find 


zer 


(To  be  i 


lations  in  Maryland,  which,  after  his  return 
to  England,  occasioned  some  trouble  at  Deer 
Creek  Meeting.  William  Cox  and  James 
"Highy  of  that  place,  conducted  the  case  in 
Nottingham  Monthly  Meeting :  Cox  as  attor- 
ney for  Hunt,  and  Rigb3r  representing  some 
kind  of  a  company  that  entered  the  complaint. 
Bigby  insisted  that  the  matter  be  left  to  arbi- 
trators. To  this  Cox  objected  because  he  ap- 
prehended it  had  in  some  sort  been  settled 
when  Hunt  was  in  the  country.  The  report 
of  a  committee  appointed  by  the  Monthly 
Meeting,  in  the  handwriting  of  Geo.  Church- 
man, says:  'That  considering  the  intricacy 
of  the  affair  they  thought  it  best  not  to  advi 
a  reference;  that  inasmuch  as  otli 
of  James    Brown,    the    it  named  lour  .Society  were  concerned  in  the 

Susanna  Churchman,  daughter  of  John  the  count,  it  makes  the  matter  more  difficult ;  that 
immigrant  in  172S,  and  died  1786.  Susanna,  they  have  written  to  John  Hunt  pressing  him 
born  7th  mo.  13th,  1701,  survived  him,  and  to  do  all  in  his  power  to  keep  the  matter  out 
died  at  the  house  of  her  daughter  Sarah,  wife  'of  the  law.'  This  seasonable  advice  was  pro- 
of Samuel  Bond,  near  Bell-Air,  Harford  Co.,  bably  acted  upon,  as  we  hear  of  the  case  no 
Md.,  8th  mo.  25th,  1790,  (interred  at  Little  more." 

Falls.  |     William  owned  and  operated  a  flour  I      "  Monthly  Meeting  adjourned  on   account 

■  when  in  1730.  Joseph  of  the  Halt  Year's  Meeting,  which  was  large, 

Crimble  (grandfather  of  the 'writer)  'arrived  Susanna    Hatton.    a    minister   from    Ireland 


rope,  after  leaving  the  drum,  is  led  up  to  the 
foremast  head,  where  it  is  "  rove"  through  an 
iron  block;  then  to  a  wheel  in  the  foot  of  a 
swinging  boom,  which  by  a  hinge  is  attached 
to  the  mast;  then  to  end  of  boom  where  it 
passes  over  another  wheel  and  falls  down  on 
deck,  to  be  made  fast  to  the  "  bridle"  of  trawl 
or  dredge.  The  block  at  the  foremast  head 
is  attached  to  a  device  called  an  "accumu- 
lator," which  consists  of  parallel  upright  bars 
Of  iron  holding  balls  of  rubber  which  rest  on 
an  iron  base;  through  the  centre  of  these  balls 
an  iron  rod  with  a  broad  head  passes,  and  on 
the  lower  end  of  this  rod  the  block  is  hooked. 
These  balls  yield  when  any  sudden  strain  oc- 
cnrs.  Were  it  not  for  some  such  device,  the 
unyielding  wire  rope  would  part  at  a  critical 
time.  The  boom  can  be  swung  to  either  side 
of  the  ship,  and  is  maintained  at  the  proper 
angle  by  a  "topping  lift,"  and  in  position  by 
"guys."  The  "trawl"  consists  of  an  iron  or 
wooden  beam,  having  at  either  extremity 
iron  runners  like  a  sled.  Fastened  to  this 
beam  and  runners  is  a  conical  net  which  ex- 
'tends  backwards  for  twenty  or  thirty  feet,  mill  at  Nottingham,  and 
'The  mouth  of  the  net  between  the  runners  is  Trimble  (grandfather  o.   .. 

fitted  with  leads  which  make  it  hug  the  bot-  in  this  country  from   Ireland,  a  lone  boy  of  being  present— 9th  mo.  1760. 
torn  closely,  and  when  drawn  over  the  ocean  15  vears,  ho  was  placed   bv  friends  with  the|     Many  similar   records   are  preserved, 

>\vn.     Here  he  lived  about  i  these  may  suffice. 


Reminiscences  of  the  Churchman  and  other 
cotemporary  families,  by  James  Trimble. 

William    Brown,  the    minister,   mentioned 
by  John  Churchman  in  his  journal,  grandson  a  reference;   that  inasmuch  as  others  not  of 


eeu    uv  lritjuuo   witu   luvjj    ( j    ™-     i 

bed   all    movable   objects  are  "scooped"  in ;  aforesaid  Wm.  Browi 
also,  in    being   hauled    up,  the   wide   mouth  11  years  in  the  capacity  of  teamster,  hauling I     Such  were  a  few  of  the  connections,  inci- 
catches  many  a  fish.  w-heat  to   the  mill  and    flour  to    Christiana  dents  and  influences  wherein  the  Churchman 

The  apparatus  for  "sounding"  is  in  brief  a  village,  whence  it  was  sent  by  water  to  Phila-  family  of  four  generations  flourished  and 
curved  iron  frame  extending  over  the  side  of  delphia.  In  1744,  he  married  Sarah,  daughter  massed  awaj',  leaving  numerous  descendants, 
the  ship,  containing  a  grooved  wheel  full  of  of  John  Churchman,  the  immigrant,  thus  be- 1  n0\v  like  the  missing  tribes  of  Israel,  absorbed 
wire.  After  leaving  this  wheel,  the  wire1  coming  brother-in-law  to  his  employer,  ( also  anci  partially  lost  among  the  teeming  popula- 
passes  over  a  smaller  wheel  and  falls  perpen-j  to  John  Churchman,  the  minister).  Sarah  t;on  ar0und  them  fast  spreading  over  the 
dicularly  downward,  when  the  "lead"  is  at-  died  1750,  leaving  three  children.  In  1753,  continent. 
tached.    The  wire  is  very  tine  and  corresponds  Joseph  married  Ann  Chandlee,  from  whomj     Fairville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  7th  mo.  25th,  1883. 


In 


ding,  at  different  times,  old  manu- 

„,.      ,  .  ,      ,.  ,    .        .      ,,     'scripts  relating  to  the  former  movements  of 

Nottingham    ,n    early  times  being  in  the  j     d  member8  ofoul.  religious  Society  in 

line  of  travel  between  eastern  Pennsylvania    ^  count       the  writel.  ha8  °been  impressed 

Jersey,  New  lork,  Maryland,  \  irginia  and,.th  tfae  ^  of  fnj8hne88  and  vitaIity  that 

the  <  'arohnas  often  had  the  company  of  way- 1         acc.ompanie8  the!r  perusal ;  affording  evi 

*'.,,.;,,,,■      .,.,..,,,<       i..n-iii.r    nimrrsMiilK   ii      Mill::  .        '        .  .         ..,'  ...  ■ 


to  the  "A"  string  of  a  piano-forte;  the  lead  the  writer  is  descended 
'varies  in  weight  and   must   be  heavy  in  pro- 
1 portion  to  depth,  so  as  not  to  be  carried  away 

by  currents  it  may  meet,  On  its  base  is  a 
(depression  filled  with  tallow,  to  which  parti- 
icles  of  the  bottom  adhere,  and  are  removed 

i for  inspection  when  the  lead  is  hauled  up.    Tolfaring  Friends,  leaving  impressions  oi  socuu  ^^  that  what  is  cither  written  or  spoken 
ithe  wheel  containing  the  wire,  or  over  which  interest  and  unity.     John    Fothergill,  while  under  j^.^  authority  nev01.  fade8  out  but 

the  latter  passes,  is  affixed  clock-work,  which  J  on  his  three  religious  visits  to  America,  from  ^  ^  refreshing   and    encouraging  after  the 

registers  the  number  of  revolutions,  and  each  1705  to  1738,  attended  or  appointed  a  number  ^  '     of      ,"ars  ^ln'd  pei.haps  j„  obscurity 

revolution  representing  a  fixed  length  of  wire,  of  meetings  at  Nottingham.  [,„„  A„*t  „.,„•'♦*„„  «,.  ,„nir» 

the  depth  is  readily  known.  To  this  wire,  at 
•certain  distances,  self-registering  thermome- 
ters are  attached,  and  by  these  we  get  the 

serial  temperatures. 

It  will  be  worth  a  moment's  delay  to  describe 

these   thermometers.     They   are    made   like 

those  in  ordinary  use  save  there  is  a  sharp 

bend  near  where  the  staff  joins  the  bulb,  by 

this  means  the  calibre  of  the  capillary  pass- 
age for  the  mercury  is  reduced  at  one  point. 

The  thermometers  are  inclosed  in  cylinders 

open  at  the  ends,  and  with  a  slit  in  one  side 

so  the  height  of  the  mercury  may  be  read 

The  cases  are  made  fast  to  the  wire  by  two 

sets  of  clamps.     The  one  at  the  bulb  end  of 

the  thermometer  is  placed  lowermost,     This 

clamp  holds  to  the  wire  very  firmly,  but  a 

ball  and  socket  joint  allows  the  case  to  revolve 

■on  the  clamp.     The  upper  clamp  consists  of 

two  jaws  which  loosely  grasp  the  wire  and 

keep  the  thermometer  in  an  upright  position 

when    descending.     If  the  thermometer  ar 

ranged  as  described  is  lowered,  and  a  "  mes 

sender"  allowed  to  slide  down  the  wire,  it  wil 

strike  the  upper  jaws  of  the  thermometer  case 

and  cause  them  to  open,  and  the  case  reverse 

its  position   by  turning  on  the  lower  clamp, 

and  the  bulb  of  the  thermometer  will  beuppe 

most;  but  this  jar  also  breaks  the  column  of 


.     I  when  first  written  or  spoken. 

Mungo  Bewley  and  Samuel  Stephens,  mm-  truthful  is  the   language  of  the  in- 

ters from  Ireland   held  a  religious  meeting         ed  h       „  go  shaU  my^ord  be  that 

at  Nottingham,  in  l,.,-.  I  „0eth  forth  out  of  my  mouth  :  it  shall  not  re- 

«  Our  worthy  friend,  Samuel .  *  othergill,  sat  £        untQ  me  void /but  it  sball  accomplish 
with  us  in  this   meeting.     His  many  useful 
observations  we  hope  may  be  of  service.— 1st 
mo.  17th,  1755." 

"  Mary  Peisley  and  Catharine  Payton,  from 
Europe,  attended  this  meeting  to  satisfaction 
—5th  mo.  15th,  1756." 

"Our  worthy  friend,  Thomas  Gawthrop, 
from  Kendal  in  Westmoreland,  in  Old  Eng- 
land, attended  this  meeting  to  our  solid  satis- 
faction."—  Monthly  Meeting  Minutes,  10th 
mo.  2d,  1750. 

"Robert  Willis,  a  minister  from  Woodbridge, 
New  Jersey,  whose  company  and  service  was 
satisfactory." — 7th  mo.  1760. 

"  At  Nottingham  Monthly  Meeting,  held 
11th  mo.  20th,  1757,  we  had  at  this  meeting 
the  company  of  our  worthy  friends  Christo- 
pher Wilson,  Wm.  Beckett  and  John  Hunt, 


that  which  I  please,  and  it  shall  prosper  in 
the  thing  whereto  I  sent  it." — Isaiah  lv.  11. 
^^^__  W.  P.  T. 

Self-Control. 

A  gentleman,  not  long  since,  offered  his 
check'in  payment  of  a  bill  in  one  of  our  city 
stores.  The  proprietor  chanced  to  be  absent 
that  day,  having  committed  the  oversight  of 
the  store  to  one  of  his  trusted  clerks.  Not 
being  able  to  identify  the  person  offering  the 
check,  he  very  properly  declined  to  accept  it, 
expressing,  at  the  same  time,  regret  that  the 
regulations  of  the  house  made  this  necessary 
in°all  similar  cases.  The  gentleman  had 
abundant  deposits  in  a  bank  of  unquestioned 
strength.     He  was  well  known  in  that  city, 


from  Europe.     The  latter  had  good  service  in  and  highly  esteemed.     The  only  obstacle  to 

'  the  prompt  reception  of  the  check  was  the 
want  of  identification — a  circumstance  that 
would  not  have  been  possible  had  the  pro- 
prietor been  present.  The  first  impulse  was 
to  resent  that  which  might  have  been  con- 


tho  meeting  for  worship,  but  did  not  stay  the 
one  for  business.  During  his  acceptable  visit 
in  this  country,  the  above  John  Hunt  appears 
to  have  fallen  into  the  indiscretion  of  mixing 
religious  with  temporal  concerns.     He  seems 


to  have  become  involved  in  some  land  apecu-  strued  by  some  as  cxcessiv 


i  carefulness.    But 


196 


THE    FRIEND. 


a  moment's  reflection  showed  him  the  abso- 
lute propriety  of  the  clerk's  course.  He  com- 
mended him  for  his  faithfulness,  and  returned 
in  a  few  hours  with  the  cash  to  meet  his  ob- 
ligation. The  impression  made  was  salutary, 
and,  in  the  esteem  of  all  the  clerks,  was  a  most 
favorable  commentary  upon  the  religion  which 
be  professed.  How  different  would  have  been 
his  influence  over  them  had  not  religion 
brought  into  his  nature  the  power  of  just  dis- 
crimination and  self-control! 

This  incident  is  here  introduced,  not  only 
to  magnify  the  grace  of  God  that  helps  us  to 
attain  a  charity  "not  easily  provoked,"  but 
also  to  disclose  that  which  the  soul  itself  must 
do  in  order  to  meet  successfully  the  tests  of 
this  life.  We  all  arc  gifted  with  a  certain 
ability  to  cultivate  habits  of  self-recollection 
and  self-control.  This  inward  power  must 
not  be  neglected.  Grace  presupposes  the  sur- 
render of  the  whole  man.  An  unwillingness 
to  use  the  power  of  watchfulness,  self-denial, 
brotherly  kindness,  that  God  has  bestowed 
upon  his  intelligent  creatures,  is  to  reveal  a 
fatal  deficiency  in  our  surrender  to  Him,  and 
is  a  sufficient  reason  wl)3'  grace  has  not  yet 
accomplished  its  full  work  in  our  souls.  There 
must  be  a  concurrence  of  the  human  with  the 
Divine.  The  "  working  out"  of  our  salvation, 
while  it  has  no  meritorious  character  what- 
ever, holds  a  necessary  relation  to  growth  in 
all  the  elements  of  holiness. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  there  has  always 
been  a  fatal  tendency  to  divorce  these  two — 
the  human  and  the  Divine.  Various  schools 
of  self-culture,  in  our  own  time,  are  doing 
this  ;  and  it  is  possible  that,  in  our  earnestness 
of  protest  against  their  erroneous  systems,  we 
may  undervalue  that  part  which  belongs  to 
the  human.  Applied  to  our  personal  self-in- 
spection, self-denial,  &c,  the  oft  quoted  lines, 
Cast  your  deadly  dning  down, 
Doing  is  but  death, 
are  false  and  misleading.  Antinomianism 
builds  its  baseless  structure  in  that  soil.  Sal- 
vation, indeed,  is  secured  alone  through  the 
mediation  of  Christ ;  but  still,  "  doing,"  watch- 
ing, self-exertion,  belong  to  ourselves.  We 
are  to  beware  lest  we  fall  into  that  snare  of 
the  devil — "  Nothing  now  remains  to  do." 
God  is  ever  encouraging  us  to  "  well  doing." 
One  of  these  encouragements  is  that  if  we 
"seek  for  glory  and  honor"  in  a  true  sense, 
"  eternal  life"  will  finally  be  awarded  to  us. 

Do  not  bring  the  "cleansing  blood"  into 
disrepute  by  our  deficiencies  in  self-culture. 
Never  is  that  blood  designed  to  displace  per 
sonal  work.  It  is  the  meritorious  ground  of 
salvation  ;  but  it  is  not  intended  to  relieve  us 
from  building  daily  "  gold,  silver,  and  precious 
stones." — Selected. 

From  the  "  British  Friend." 

Spain,   Portugal,  and  Gibraltar   Depicted   by 

George  Pitt,  after  Visiting  those  parts. 

(Concluded  from  page  189.) 

1  must  now  finish  my  local  descriptions 
and  conclude — Cadiz  is  a  city  of  70,000  popu- 
lation, a  port  and  hay  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Guadalquiver  river,  and  as  we  passed  by  rail 
100  miles  to  Seville,  noticed  hundreds  of  white 
pyramids  of  salt,  the  size  of  large  hay  stacks, 
which  they  evaporate  from  the  sea  in  pits. 
and  send  to  Newfoundland  to  sail  cod  fish 
with:  which  salted  fish  the  Spaniards  eat 
freely. 

Sevillo  is  the  ancient  capital  of  Spain — has 
a  population  of  110,000— grows   a   peculiar 


kind  of  orange — a  fine  large  city  on  the 
Guadalquiver — ships  of  500  tons  come  up  to 
it.  The  Emperor  Adrian  was  born  near  here 
— he  who  built  the  wall  across  England  and 
the  present  wall  around  Jerusalem — also 
Trajan  and  Thcodosius  were  natives  of  this 
part.  Its  cathedral  is  414  feet  long  by  270 
wide,  with  six  naves,  and  is  the  largest  in 
Spain.  Columbus  was  buried  therein,  and  its 
collection  of  masterpiece  paintings  rivals  Italy. 
Murillo  was  a  Spanish  master,  and  his  paint- 
ings abound  here,  and  are  considered  second 
to  none.  One  of  them,  very  large  and  of 
enormous  value,  was  in  1874  cut  out  of  its 
frame  by  a  thief,  and  offered  in  New  York 
soon  after  for  1250,  leading  to  its  recoveiy 
and  restoration.  We  saw  it — they  have  caged 
it  in  now. 

When  oneseesthe  many  priceless  paintings, 
and  mostly  devoted  to  imaginary  likenesses 
of  Mary  and  Jesus  and  his  aposties,  it  makes 
me  sigh  and  remember  that  likenesses  of  holy 
things  are  forbidden,  especially  when  intended 
as  objects  of  adoration  to  bow  down  to,  as 
these  most  certainly  are.  They  are  evil 
things,  tending  to  idolatry,  however  talented 
the  painter,  or  pious  anil  wealthy  the  man 
who  employs  him. 

Spain  has  been  the  cradle  and  home  of 
Popery,  and  abounds  with  so-called  churches 
and  cathedrals,  but  the  services  seem  to  grow 
weak  and  feeble,  as  if  Popery  were  waning 
and  grey-headed. 

From  Seville  we  went  on  to  Cordova,  about 
eighty  miles,  still  on  the  Guadalquiver,  with 
another  cathedral  550  bj'  390  feet,  profusely 
ornamented  with  colored  marbles,  with  nine- 
teen naves  and  thirty-three  aisles,  and  800 
short  columns  of  marble,  jasper  and  porphyry. 
It  was  once  the  Moors'  grand  town,  with 
200,000  houses,  and  800  baths,  and  a  famous 
university, — now  a  miserable  town  of  50,000 
in  habitants.  From  hero  we  went  forward 
280  miles  to  Madrid,  which  was  built  and 
founded  as  the  Capital,  by  Philip  II.  of 
■'Armada"  fame,  who  had  conquered  and 
annexed  Portugal,  and  is  said  to  have  chosen 
the  spot  as  being  the  middle  of  his  kingdom. 
A  more  unsuitable  position  could  not  be 
imagined,  being  on  a  platform  2,200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  in  the  middle  of  a 
bleak,  barren,  sandy  plain,  very  hot  with  the 
sun  and  very  cold  with  the  bleak  wind,  so  it 
is  dangerous  and  trying,  as  we  found  it.  It 
is  a  fine  city,  justly  entitled  to  rank  as  one  of 
the  grand  capitals  of  the  world.  Its  popula- 
tion is  about  450,000.  Its  palace  is  large  and 
very  imposing  as  viewed  from  the  plauis  be- 
low, being  on  the  edge  of  the  high  ground  ; 
and  its  stabling  is  extensive,  containing  360 
horses,  250  mules,  and  124  carriages*  with 
endless  apartments  for  livery  dresses  and 
harness. 

In  the  centre  of  the  city  is  an  open  square, 
where  eight  chief  streets  meet.  Its  Prado, 
two  miles  long— a  broad  promenade — exceeds 
anything  of  the  kind  I  have  seen  even  in 
Paris  or  Berlin.  Its  museum  is  extensive, 
and  rich  in  collections.  Its  botanical  and 
other  public  gardens,  parks,  and  drives  are 
models  of  taste  and  extent.  We  met  the 
King  and  Queen  thoro,  driving  out  with  a 
grand  retinue  in  those  gardens,  with  the 
nobility  in  their  broughams  by  hundreds. 

The  Spanish  mantilla  or  cloak  we  did  not 
seo  till  reaching  Madrid.  The  cold  here  makes 
it  useful,  and  many  men  wear  it.  We  saw 
common  ones  ticketed  at  Jew  clothiers  with 


bright-colored  plush  linings  at  £5  and  £6  as 
cheap. 

The  Spanish  girls  wear  not  bonnets,  bul 
black  lace  veils  over  their  heads,  with  the 
vaudyke  margins  on  their  faces,  and  hang- 
ing tastefully  over  their  necks.  They  have 
an  animated  expression  and  graceful  form, 
and  fascinating  ej'es. 

A  Spanish  blemish  is  their  bull  fights. 
Seville  is  said  to  be  the  grandest  place  foi 
them  ;  but  Madrid  delights  in  them,  and  holds 
them  once  and  sometimes  twice  a  week  in 
the  season  ending  7th  mo.  There  was  one 
when  we  were  there,  attended  by  King  and 
Queen,  and  many  nobles  and  gentry,  and 
over  12,000  common  people,  chiefly  young 
men,  but  many  ladies.  The  ring  is  substan- 
tially built,  open  to  the  air  in  the  middle,  and 
of  enormous  size,  after  the  pattern  of  th« 
Colosseum  at  Rome,  but  dwarfed — not  hall 
the  height.  There  are  four  entrances,  and 
they  have  stone  seats,  and  numbered,  open  tc 
the  air  in  the  lower  part,  but  the  galleries 
are  covered  and  reserved  for  the  gentry,  with 
a  box  for  royalty.  They  comfortably  scat 
about  15,000  spectators,  who  applaud  the 
horrid  doings  which  take  place.  Between 
spectators  and  ring  is  a  six  feet  passage,  with, 
a  five  feet  fence  in  front. 

About  a  dozen  gaily  dressed  footmen  andi 
three  men  on  horseback  enter  the  ring,  and 
a  fine  young  bull  with  formidable  horns  is  let 
in.  The  picadors  or  horsemen  spear  the  bull, 
and  the  footmen  worry  him  into  madness 
with  red  sheets.  When  he  runs  after  the 
men  they  spring  over  the  five-foot  fence  like 
cats;  but  when  he  runs  at  the  horses  which 
are  blindfold,  and  thus  deprived  of  a  fair 
chance,  he  rips  and  mangles  them  to  death. 
One  bull  sometimes  kills  three  horses.  A 
battlefield  could  hardly  afford  such  cruel, 
awful,  bloody  sights.  After  the  horses  are 
done,  the  footmen  continue  spearing  the  bull 
with  darts  two  or  three  feet  long,  like  fish 
hooks  or  harpoons,  which  enter  the  flesh  but 
cannot  come  out,  so  dangle  about,  torturing 
the  bull  into  frenzy  while  the  blood  streams 
down  his  flanks.  Then  a  swordsman  thrusts 
at  him,  entering  his  flesh  from  6  to  18  inches, 
until  the  exhausted  bull  falls,  and  is  then, 
put  speedily  to  death  by  the  dagger  of  a 
Matador. 

There  were  to  be  six  bulls  done  to  death  in 
this  way  on  that  day.  The  people  like  it, 
and  the  promoters  pander  to  their  cruel  taste 
for  the  profit  of  the  thing;  for  they  charge 
heavily,  about  2s.  each.  But  what  must  be 
the  effect  on  the  minds  of  the  people?  One 
in  twelve  of  the  young  men  of  Madrid  must 
have  been  there.  I  ts  effect  must  be  to  destroy 
all  compassion,  tenderness,  and  affection — to 
make  them  sodden,  cruel  and  brutish. 

Madrid  surveyed,  we  passed  on  to  Hscorial, 
30  miles  beyond,  famous  for  a  magnificent 
building  in  the  form  of  a  gridiron.  It  is  a 
palace,  chapel,  and  monastery  combined,  and 
is  said  to  lie  the  greatest  architectural  under- 
taking ever  executed  by  one  man.  It  was 
built  by  Philip  II.  who  married  our  EnglisH 
Queen  Mary,  daughter  of  Henry  VIII.,  in 
fulfilment  of  a  vow  ho  made  in  the  battle  of 
St.  Quentin  against  the  French,  in  1557,  in 
which  he  promised,  if  he  gained  the  battle, 
be  would  build  this  edifice.  I  cannot  dwell 
on  it,  but  to  give  some  idea  of  its  dimensions, 
may  state  that  it  has  80  staircases,  14  en- 
trances, 8(1  fountains,  and  with  its  offices  con- 
tains  4000    windows.      It  cost   six    millions 


THE    FRIEND. 


197 


piastres,  and  had  doors  requiring  1,250  lbs. 

sight  of  iron  to  make  their  keys. 

The  distance  by  rail  from  Madrid  to  Paris 
is  930  miles.  The  towns  of  Burgos,  Yittoria, 
Valladolid,  I  must  omit  describing.  San 
Sabastian  is  a  romantic  seaside  place  at  the 
corner  of  the  Bay  at  Biscay. 

As  we  travelled  the  520  miles  through 
Western  France  from  Hendaye  to  Paris,  we 
felt  like  being  in  another  and  more  civilized 
world,  being-fertile  and  highly  cultivated,  with 
bedges  to  the  fields  like  England.  Bayonne 
is  a  quiet  old  city.  Bordeaux  we  sta}'ed  at 
two  nights.  It  is  the  third  port  of  France. 
has  half  a  million  inhabitants,  and  thriving 
trade. 

The  French  ordinary  train  ran  twice  as  fast 
is  the  Spanish,  and  their  third-class  carriages 
are  cushioned,  lofty  and  comfortable. 

Tours  was  the  seat  of  French  Government, 
when,  in  1870,  Gambetta  escaped  from  Paris 
,  balloon.  Orleans  is  where  the  maiden, 
Joan-of-Arc  lived,  who  defeated  the  English 
in  the  memorable  siege  of  1428,  and  was 
burned  to  death  by  her  enemies,  for  her  pains. 

Paris,  as  usual,  is  gay  and  cheerful.  The 
Tuileries  in  front  is  pulled  down  level  with 
ground,  making  a  .strange  gap  opposite 
the  Champs  d'Elysees.  The  Hotel  de  Ville 
bout  complete  and  opened,  and  forms  the 
handsomest  building  in  Paris. 

The  three  park-keepers  of  the  Champs 
i'Elyees  Gardens  happened,  as  we  passed 
through,  to  be  feeding  flocks  of  wild  sparrows 
,n  the  public  park,  which  freely  took  crumbs 
:>f  bread  out  of  their  hands,  or  on  the  ground 
:lose  to  their  feet;  and  some  of  them,  who 
seemed  to  know  their  names  when  called, 
would  fly  to,  and  flutter  about  near  their 
beads,  watching  for  them  to  throw  pellets  of 
)read  in  the  air,  which  the}-  caught  in  their 

aks,  and  flew  away  to  eat. 

A  calm  passage  across  the  Channel,  and  a 
Sunn}-  day  welcomed  us  home  on  the  29th 
day  out.  We  had  travelled  3120  miles.  Our 
total  expenses  were  £36,  4s.  10d.,  or  25s.  a 
Jay  for  the  two  :  of  which  sum  19s.  Id.  was 
for  travelling  fares.  We  travelled  on  the 
average  107  miles  a  day.  Everywhere  we! 
met  with  kindness,  but  specially  in  Portugal.' 

We  returned  to  dear  home  in  good  health,} 
,o  find  everything  and  everybody  well,  and| 
with,  I  trust,  grateful  hearts  for  our  facilities 
and  preservation.  George  Pitt. 

In  the  portion  of  this  article  published  in  last  week's 
lumber,  it  was  erroneously  staled  that  "  the  State  of 
Florida,  was  sold  in  1820  to  the  United  States  for  SS5,- 
300,000."     The  correct  amount  was  about  $5,000,000. 

Peter  Cooper  one  day  stood  watching  the 
portrait  class,  who,  to  the  number  of  30  pupils 
jr  more,  were  drawing  likenesses  of  the  same 
model  from  different  positions.  One  scholar 
made  the  face  in  profile,  another  had  it  turned 
i  little  into  the  shadow,  a  third  saw  more  of 
the  full  face,  while  others  worked  still  further 
nto  or  away  from  the  light.  He  had  stood 
abserving  the  scene  for  a  few  minutes,  when 
ae  said,  "Such  a  sight  as  this  should  be  a 
esson  in  charity,  when  we  perceive  how  the 
same  person  may  be  so  different,  according  to 
the  way  he  is  looked  at  by  various  people." 


One  of  the  sweetest  passages  in  the  Bible 
s  this:  Underneath  are  the  everlasting  arms. 
What  a  vivid  idea  it  gives  of  the  divine  sup- 
port. God  knows  our  feebleness.  He  re- 
aiernbers  that  we  are  dust. 


How  to  Succeed  in 

[Under  this  heading  the  Editor  of  the  Christ- 
ian Advocate,  has  collected  some  advice  and 
suggestions  which  contain  so  much  of  value, 
that  we  transfer  the  greater  part  of  them  to 
our  own  columns.— Ed.] 

When  a  j-oung  man  begins  business  he  is 
liable  to  two  errors.  The  first  is,  that  busi- 
ness is  a  thing  that  has  to  be  attended  to,  but 
that  he  will  do  as  little  of  it  as  possible.  The 
other  is,  that  his  employer  is  trying  to  get  all 
he  can  out  of  his  clerks  for  the  least  sum.  To 
the  j-outh  accustomed  to  have  an  easy  time, 
with  one  or  two  idle  days  each  week,  and 
three  months'  vacation  from  school  in  the 
course  of  a  year,  business  may  seem  a  hard- 
ship. But  to  call  it  so,  and  to  do  as  little  as 
possible,  is  the  way  to  make  it  remain  so. 
Again,  you  should  remember  that  the  salary 
is  the  smaller  part  of  the  compensation.  What 
you  learn,  the  opportunities  you  have  to  lay 
the  foundations  for  future  success,  must  be  for 
years  the  larger  part  of  the  compensation. 
In  some  of  the  great  commercial  institutions 
of  Europe  it  is  the  custom  for  parents,  for  the 
first  two  or  three  years,  to  compensate  by  a 
money  payment  the  establishments  which  re- 
ceive their  sons.  If  you  expect  to  succeed  in 
business  you  must  consider  it  the  chief  thing, 
n  a  worldly  sense,  to  you.  I  am  not  speak- 
ng  of  religion.  I  am  leaving  out  of  consid- 
eration the  duty  of  every  man  to  make  busi- 
ness, family,  wealth,  and  honor  secondary  to 
his  obligations  to  God.  Business,  the  primary 
thing  in  earthly  pursuits,  is  what  I  teach  to 
be  necessary  to  success.  This,  or  the  lack  of 
t,  will  go  far  toward  explaining  the  different 
careers  of  men — much  farther  than  any  nat- 
ural difference  of  ability,  or  any  unusual  good 
fortune,  any  circumstances  or  family  connec- 
tions. No  young  man  having  good  health 
and  integrity  and  ordinary  ability  will  wholly 
fail  who  will  follow  these  directions  : 

Going  to  the  bottom  the  only  way  to  climb  to 
thetop. — First,  go  to  the  bottom  of  every  thing 
with  which  you  have  to  do.  Know  all  its 
principles.  If  it  be  a  trade,  know,  not  only 
its  rules,  but  the  reasons  for  them.  If  it  be 
merchandise  in  raw  materials,  or  in  one  ori 
more  manufactured  articles,  be  sure  to  learn 
the  whole  process,  from  the  planting  of  the 
seed  or  the  digging  ot  the  ore  to  the  com- 
pleted fabric.  Do  this  by  observation,  con- 
versation with  the  heads  of  departments  and 
with  workmen  in  different  specialties.  It  is 
possible  to  acquire  this  general  information' 
concerning  every  particular  of  a  business,  j 
which,  in  addition  to  the  thorough  mastery 
of  your  own  department,  will  quality  you  to 
take  any  other  place  in  an  emergency,  or  to 
manage  the  entire  business.  Bead  that  use- 
ful I k,  "  The  Successful  Merchant  ;  or.  the 

Life  of  Samuel  Budgett."  Comprehend  de- 
tails thoroughl}-.  Here  many  fail.  They 
have  a  great  deal  of  general  knowledge,  but 
they  are  not  accurate  in  any  thing.  As  in  the 
study  of  a  branch  of  science,  the  thorough- 
ness and  accuracy  with  which  details  are  mas- 
tered determine  the  final  proficiency;  so  is  it 
in  every  pursuit.  I  urge  again  the  importance 
of  endeavoring  to  understand  all  departments. 
When  the  foreman  in  a  large  establishment 
in  New  York  died,  the  porter  applied  to  the 
owner  of  the  business  for  his  place.  Said  he. 
"  Why,  you  are  nothing  but  a  porter!  "  I 
know,"  replied  the  porter,  "but  I  have  watch- 
ed this  business,  and  I  can  do  it."     The  prin- 


cipal, who  did  not  know  a  good  thing  when 
he  saw  it,  refused  the  promotion.  The  por- 
ter went  across  the  street,  and  obtained  a 
situation  asforeman,and  in  afew  years  bought 
out  the  concern  of  which  he  had  formerly 
been  a  porter,  and  rose  to  the  front  rank 
among  the  merchants  in  this  city.  It  is  such 
knowledge  which  not  only  makes  promotion 
possible,  but  in  most  cases  certain.  A  young 
man  who  simplj-  did  his  routine  work  saw 
another  promoted  above  him,  went  to  his 
employer,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  and  said, 
"  Why  did  you  not  give  me  this  chance  ?  and 
all  the  employer  had  to  say  in  reply  was,  "  I 
never  happened  to  think  of  you."  Why  did 
he  never  happen  to  think  of  him  ?  Because 
the  young  man  had  never  done  a  thing  or  said 
a  word  which  led  his  employer  to  think  that 
he  could  do  any  thing  but  what  he  had  been 
doing. 

Invent  irorb.  not  excuses. — Do  not  ask  what 
.you  can  avoid  doing,  but  what  you  can  find 
ito  do.  Seek  no  excuses  for  late  coming  or 
|  early  going.  Be  among  the  first  to  arrive  and 
thelastto  depart.  Business  must  be  the  main 
thing.  The  young  man  should  have  no  out- 
side pursuits  or  habits  which  absorb  his  ener- 
gies. It  is  a  good  thing  to  understand  his- 
tory, but  there  is  no  propriety  in  reading  his- 
tory in  business  hours.  Good  society  is  val- 
uable, but  there  is  no  propriety  in  spending 
your  brightness  and  energy  in  society,  and 
I  being  languid  in  business  hours.  Eeligion 
alone  has  greater  claims  than  j-our  profes- 
sion or  business.  Until  you  have  the  means 
of  support,  your  family  cannot  claim  your 
time  from  business.  Remember,  when  in  busi- 
ness you  are  working  tor  your  family.  Of 
punctuality,  fidelity,  and  strict  honesty  I 
shall  not  write  at  any  length.  A  young  man 
inclined  to  be  dishonest  will  hardly  read  my 
letters.  If  he  does,  be  probably  will  derive 
little  benefit  from  them.  He  who  lies  or  de- 
frauds for  his  employer,  if  disatisfied  with  his 
salary  will  be  likely  to  steal  from  his  employ- 
er. No  honest  man  wants  you  to  be  dishonest 
for  him,  and  if  you  have  a  dishonest  employer 
he  may  be  left  without  dishonor,  whether 
he  has  paid  you  much  or  little. 

Special  caution  for  Rich  Men's  Sons. — I  wish 
to  give  a  special  caution  to  the  sons  of  the 
rich  or  well-connected  whoenterintobusiness. 
Do  not  presume  upon  this.  Act  as  if  all  de- 
pended upon  you.  Endeavor  to  rival  the  poor 
man's  son  in  hard  and  faithful  work.  There 
is  no  honor  in  hanging  upon  your  relatives, 
and  to  neglect  your  business,  as  a  young  man 
once  said  in  this  city,  because  "  the  old  man 
has  enough  for  me,"  is  to  confess  at  once  that 
you  are  a  degenerate  scion  of  a  vigorous  an- 
cestry, and  that  your  family  tree  has  begun 
to  die  at  the  roots,  and  your  family  fortune 
will  be  scattered,  in  your  generation,  to  the 
winds. 

The  Relation  of  Personal  Habits  to  Success 
in  Business. — Some  intemperate,  licentious 
lawyers,  merchants,  and  manufacturers  suc- 
ceed in  accumulating  wealth.  But  for  one 
such  who  succeeds,  a  hundred  are  utterly 
ruined  by  their  courses.  A  clerk  or  student 
who  is  extravagant,  licentious  in  habits,  or  in- 
temperate, will  not  long  be  attentive  to  busi- 
ness, as  he  will  have  neither  the  energy  nor 
the  inclination.  It  is  the  maxim  of  a  success- 
ful merchant  whom  I  know,  when  he  finds  a 
clerk  becoming  dissolute,  to  discharge  him  at 
once  ;  for,  as  he  says,  "  He  is  sure  to  steal  from 
me  in  one  or  two  ways,  or  both  ;  by  pilfering 


198 


THE    FRIEND. 


directly,    or  by   becoming  worth  much  less 
than  his  salaiy." 

If  you  ever  expect  to  become  an  employer 
you  must  be  cautious  and  willing  to  wait.  Do 
not  live  as  men  whose  fortunes  are  made.  I 
knew  a  young  man  who,  when  bis  income  had 
reached' $5,000  a  year,  rode  to  the  ferry  with 
his  own  coupe  and  driver.  For  many  years 
he  has  ridden  on  the  street  cars,  when  he  has 
not  walked.  Do  not  put  foreign  travels,  un- 
less business  requires  it,  in  the  beginning  of 
your  career.  Leave  them  as  something  to 
look  forward  to  when  rest  is  fairly  earned, 
and  the  means  to  enjoy  it  are  in  your  posses- 
sion. 

Success  possible  for  Clerks  and  Foremen. — I 
wish  to  say  that  the  well  paid  subordinate 
often  has  great  advantages  over  most  employ- 
ers. There  are  two  points  in  which  a  regular 
and  well  paid  subordinate  has  an  advantage 
over  an  employer.  He  has  no  consuming 
anxiety,  because  he  lias  no  responsibility  out 
of  his  own  department;  and  be  is  not  obliged 
to  risk  his  savings  in  bis  business.  He  may, 
therefore,  by  economy,  find  himself  rich  at  50, 
and  with  few  wrinkles.  Young  men  often 
rush  into  business  for  themselves  too  soon,  or 
attempt  too  much.  Many  do  not  succeed  be- 
cause they  have  no  sense  of  obligation  to 
their  employers.  Many  are  at  no  pains  to 
learn  any  business,  and  are  miserable  through 
life. 

An  aged  man's  question  to  the  writer. — Is 
there  not  danger  of  a  young  man's  becoming 
too  much  absorbed  in  business,  so  as  to  ne- 
glect God,  religion,  home,  improvement  of 
mind,  society,  life,  and  everything  else  except 
business  ?  There  is.  But  there  is  greater 
danger  for  adults  than  for  youth.  Growing 
devotion  to  business  requires  the  injunction, 
"Love  not  the  world,  neither  the  things  that 
are  in  the  world;"  but  "Be  not  slothful  ii 
business,"  is  also  a  command  important  to  b 
urged.  The  danger,  young  man,  that  you 
have  to  encounter  is  not  of  neglecting  reli 
gion  for  business,  but  of  neglecting  both  rel 
gion  and  business  for  pleasure. 

Here  are  three  safe  and  complete  maxims  : 
"  A  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than 
great  riches."  "  Seest  thou  a  man  diligent 
in  his  business?  He  shall  stand  before  kings; 
he  shall  not  stand  before  mean  men."  "  Not 
slothful  in  business,  fervent  in  spirit,  serving 
the  Lord." 


as  toward  a  crowned  head.  This  happened 
two  or  three  times,  until  she  at  last  remon- 
strated with  him,  pointing  out  that  nobody 
else  did  as  he  did,  and  that  it  made  it  awk- 
ward for  her.  After  this,  observing  that 
every  other  man  in  the  family  made  his  way 
nto  the  dining-room  and  left  the  ladies  to 
follow  as  they  could,  he  found  it  easier  to  do 
the  same,  and  so  adopted  the  common  practice. 
Pitman,  in  her  "  European  Breezes,"  gives 
an  amusing  account  of  the  awkwardness  of 
Hungarian  arm}-  officers,  at  being  asked  to 
hold  a  lady's  shawl  for  her,  since  their  pro- 
fessional etiquette  forbids  their  carrying  any- 
thing in  their  bands.  But  the  same  is  the 
rule  in  all  good  society  in  Germany,  and  if  a 
gentleman  and  lady  walk  together  in  the 
street,  it  is  011I3'  the  lady,  not  her  escort, 
whom  propriety  permits  to  carry  a  parcel. 
To  such  a  paradoxical  extent  does  this  go. 
that  a  lady  once  begged  of  a  }'Oung  American 
to  allow  her,  for  her  own  sake,  to  cany  the 
bundle  ;  it  would  never  do  for  her  to  be  seen 
walking  with  a  man  who  would  so  degrade 
himself  as  to  take  it.  This  throws  light  on 
the  story — which  has  always  seemed  a  little 
incredible — of  Dr.  Christlieb's  remark,  that 
the  spirit  of  Christ  must  be  wanting  in 
America,  since  be  had  more  than  once  seen  a 
husband  fetch  his  wife's  shawl  for  her.  "Bear 
3*e  one  another's  burdens,"  was  not  to  be  found, 
it  seemed,  in  the  good  pastor's  Bible.  And 
is  the  Bible  of  German  science  seems  equally 


was  no  longer  worth  living,  and  resolved  to  j 

sk  it  in  the  attempt  at  abducting  the  doctor's] 

edicine  chest. 

Dr.  Isaac  Jennings  illustrates  the  power  of  j 
the  poison-habit  by  the  following  example. 
\.  clergyman  of  his  acquaintance  attempted  I 
to  dissuade  a  young  man  of  great  promise 
from  habits  of  intemperance.  "  Hear  me  first 
a  few  words,"  said  the  young  man,  "  and  then 
you  may  proceed.  I  am  sensible  that  an  in- 
dulgence in  this  habit  will  lead  to  loss  of 
property,  the  loss  of  reputation,  and  domestic 
happiness,  to  premature  death,  and  to  th 
irretrievable  loss  of  my  immortal  soul;  and1 
now  with  all  this  conviction  resting  firmly 
on  my  mind,  and  flashing  over  my  conscience 
like  lightning,  if  I  still  continue  to  drink,  do 
you  suppose  anything  you  can  say  will  deter 
me  from  the  practice  ?" 

Tea. — The  amount  of  tea  exported  from 
China  in  1882  was  209,000,000  lbs.  The  coun- 
try to  which  most  of  this  was  sent  is  England, 
next  in  order  comes  Russia  and  the  third  on! 
the  list  is  the  United  States.  As  a  consumer 
of  tea  the  United  States  ranks  second,  but 
Russia  is  made  to  fill  the  place  of  the  second 
largest  importer  on  account  of  the  quantity 
of  brick  tea  which  is  exported  there.  Nearly 
every  known  country  is  represented,  and 
fact,  the  tea  may  be  said  to  be  sent  the  whole 
world  over.  In  1882  there  were  shipped  tc 
England  a  total  of  134,000,000  pounds,  01 
which  127,000,000  were  black  and  7,000,00( 


destitute  of  any  such   passage,  it   looks  as  if  green  tea,  and  to  America  a  total  of  35, 000,00C 
the  whole  civilized  world  were  in  a  fair  way  [pounds,  of  which  20,000,000  were  black  anci 


15,000,000 green  tea.  Ninc-tcnthsof  the  black 
tea  sent  to  England  is  Congou,  whereas  tc 
America  very  little  but  Oolong  is  sent. 

Effects  of  Cigarettes. — A  boy  14  years  of  ag< 
was  found  senseless  in  one  of  the  streets  O' 
Hoboken  and   taken   to  a  hospital.     It  was 


The  Subr, 


issire  German  Woman. — It  is  not 
long  since  a  youngAmerican  traveller,  talking 
with  a  German  lady,  asked  her  why  there  was 
so  much  astonishment  in  boarding-houses 
whenever  an  American  was  seen  to  black  his 
own  shoes  ?  "Because,"  she  said,  "no  Ger- 
man gentleman  blacks  bis  own  shoes."  "  Who 
does  it?".  "  His  servant."  "Suppose  he  can- 
not afford  to  keep  a  servant?"  "Then  his 
wife  does  it."  "Do  you  approve  of  that?" 
"  ( lertainly  I  do,"  was  the  final  answer  ;  "  was 
nol  woman  created  to  be  the  servant  of  man?" 
All  the  theories  of  Bocial  courtesy  in  Ger- 
many, so  far  as  1  have  known,  imply  defer- 
ence as  due  to  the  man.  nol  t  In'  woman.  A 
young  physician  lately  from  Berlin,  was  tell- 
ing me,  the  other  day,  that  at  his  boarding- 
house  there,  soon  alter  arrival,  be  stepped 
aside  to  give  precedence  to  a  lady  who,  like 
himself,  was  entering  the  dining-room.  She 
begged  him  to  precede  her,  ami  when  he  de- 
clined, she  sidled  reluctantly  in,  keeping  her 
face  always  deferentially  turned  toward  him, 


to  bo  perceptibly  retarded  through  the  cur 
ous  backwardness  of  one  highly  educated  but 
semi-civilized  nation. —  Colonel  Higginson   in 
The  Woman's  Journal. 

There  are  few  Christians  who  cannot  recall 
some  longing  of  their  hearts  and  some  cry  of  j  subsequently  ascertained  that  he  was  suffer 
their  souls,  which  subsequently  proved  to  be  jng  from  the  poisonous  effects  of  smokins 
against  their  own  highest  welfare;  who  can-  cigarettes. 

not,  in  fact,  remember  some  prayer  to  God  |  ^Potato  Starch.— The  most  profitable  indus 
offered  by  them  in  all  earnestness,  which  try  of  the  Swedish  colony  in  Aroostook  coun 
would  have  proved  their  ruin  had  it  been  tv.  Maine,  is  that  of  rasing  potatoes  forth* 
answered  according  to  their  desires.  And  starch  factories.  The  largest  of  these  mad* 
just  so  long  as  God's  wisdom   is  superior  to  last  year  302  tons  of  starch  from  98,000  bush 


our  wisdom,  there  is  need  of  our  relying  on  his 
love  to  deny  us  our  petitions,  when  to  grant 
them  would  prove  our  ruin,  or  would  sorely 
harm  us.— Selected. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Passion  fur  Stimulants.— -In  the  Popular 
Science  Monthly  Dr.  F.  L.  Oswald  relates  the 
following  incidents. 

In  Mexico,  my  colleague.  Surgeon  Keller- 
man,  of  the  Second  Zouaves,  was  one  night 
awakened  by  the  growling  of  his  spaniel,  ami 
thought  he  saw  something  like  the  form  of  a 
man  crawling  out  of  his  tent.  The  next  day 
the  captain  informed  the  company'  that  some 
fellow  had  entered  the  hospital  camp  with 
burglarious  intent,  and  that  he  had  instructed 
the  sentries  to  arrest  or  shoot  all  nocturnal 
trespassers.  About  a  week  after,  the  doctor 
was  again  awakened  by  his  dog.  and,  lighting 
a  match  he  distinguished  the  figure  of  a  large 
man  crawling  from  under  his  table,  ami  carry- 
ing in  his  hand  a  box  or  hie-  book.  His  regi- 
ment had  been  stationed  in  Northern  Algiers. 
where  he  learned  to  smoke  opium,  and  having 
exhausted  his  supply  and  his  financial  re- 
sources, as  well  as  i  he  patience  of  the  hospital 

steward,   who  had  al    various  limes  furnished 
him  small  doses  of  (he  drug,  he   felt   that  life 


s  of  potatoes.  The  process  is  simple,  con 
sisfing  merely  of  grinding  the  potatoes,  wash 
ing  the  pulp,  and  settling  the  starch  in  vats 
after  it  has  been  thoroughly  washed  wit! 
clean  water;  furnace  heat  is  employed  fo: 
drying. 

Puling  lines  in  glass  with  diamond. — Proi 
Rogers  states  that  when  a  diamond  isgroum 
to  a  knife  edge,  this  edge  is  still  made  of  sep 
arate  crystals,  and  that  a  perfect  line  is  ob1 
tained  only  when  the  ruling  is  done  by 
single  crystal.  An  examination  of  the  lint 
by  the  microscope  shows  that  a  portion  of  th> 
glass  is  actually  removed  from  the  groove  cu 
by  the  diamond  ;  and  that  the  minute  parti 
cies  of  glass  thus  removed  are  sometimes  Ian 
up  in  windrows  beside  the  ruled  lines,  as 
plow  turns  up  a  furrow  of  soil.  Fasaldt  o 
Albany,  claims  to  have  succeeded  in  rulinj 
one  million  of  lines  to  an  inch,  but  the  genera 
opinion  is  he  b  as  overestimated  the  number. 
Trimming  the  Elephant's  Feet.— Tho  whol 
of  a  day  was  recently  spent  at  Bridgeport 
Conn.,  by  five  men  in  trimming  the  feel  o 
two  elephants.  The  sole  of  an  elephant! 
foot  is  covered  with  a  thick,  horny  substance 
which,  as  it  grows  I  bicker,  (ends  to  confrac 
and  crack,  often  laming  the  animal.  At  th 
the  time  of  trimming  the  elophant  stands 


THE    FRIEND. 


199 


Ithree  legs  and  places  the  foot  to  be  operated 
upon  across  a  large  tub.  Two  men  hold  the 
leg  down,  and  one  stands  at  the  animal's  head 
to  prevent  him  from  turning.  Then  with  a 
two-foot  drawing  knife  one  man  shaves  off 
great  pieces  of  bone  from  the  sole  of  the  foot. 
The  elephant  holds  the  foot  high  of  his  own 
accord,  seeming  to  understand  what  the  men 
are  doing,  and  after  the  operation,  he  flourishes 
his  trunk,  trumpets  and  expresses  thanks. — 
Scientific  American. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand  of  New  Zealand. — This 
sand  is  of  a  bright  blue,  and  the  particles  are 
so  fine  as  to  be  easily  driven  by  the  wind, 
ming  ridges.  The  quantities  are  immense. 
In  part  of  the  province  of  Auckland  it  extends 
from  the  shore  miles  in  width  ;   and  its  quality 

very  good.  A  furnace  has  been  erected  for 
manufacturing  iron  from  it. 

Microscopic  Organisms  in  Bricks. — W.  W. 

jodrich  in  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle  says; 
that  on  examining  with  a  microscope  a  frag- 
ment of  brick  from  an  old  ruined  building, 
he  found  each  pore  of  the  brick  inhabited  by 

peculiar  rod-like  animalcule  of  the  genus 
Bacillus.  These  insects  can  only  be  seen  by 
a  powerful  microscope.  Their  motions  were 
like  those  of  the  links  of  a  chain  and  they 
were  semi-transparent.  They  were  similar 
to  the  bacilli  found  in  human  kidneys  affected 
with  Bright's  disease.  The  existence  of  such 
insects  shows  that  porous  materials  ought  not 
to  be  used  for  underground  foundations  or 
sewers,  for  they  furnish  a  home  for  the  germs 
jf  disease. 

Large  Apple  Tree. — An  apple  tree  in  Marion, 
Conn.,  described  by  H.  C.  Hovey,  is  thought 
to  be  one  of,  if  not  the  largest,  in  the  world. 
The  circumference  of  the  trunk  3  feet  from 
the  ground  is  13  feet  9  inches.  The  height 
3  feet  and  the  diameter  of  the  tree  top  is 
104  feet.  It  is  estimated  to  be  175  years  old, 
and  has  been  an  excellent  bearer. 


Items. 

-Intercession  of  Saints. — A  few  weeks  ago,  at  the 
Kin  Catholic  place  of  worship  called  St.  Lucy's, 
yracuse  in  New  York,  the  priest  in  attendance, 

ie  close  of  his  sermon,  told  the  people  that  an 
event  of  great  solemnity  was  about  to  occur,  namely, 
the  carrying  through  the  congregation  of  a  piece  of 
flesh  and  a  small  bone,  which  were  enclosed  in  a 
handsome  gold  case  ornamented  with  jewels.  These 
.remains  were  represented  to  have  formed  part  of  the 
'body  of  St.  Lucy,  who  is  said  to  have  been  martyred 
in  Syracuse,  Sicily,  a.  d.  303.  Said  he,  "  The  Cath- 
olic Church  believes  that  the  saints  are  now  inter- 
ssors  for  the  members  of  the  Church." 
The  procession  consisted  of  125  young  men  and 
'0  young  women,  the  officiating  priest  in  the  rear, 
ithen  six  boys  clad  in  red  cassocks,  with  white  sur- 
plices and  carrying  tall  candles,  then  two  taller  boys 
;in  black  cassocks  and  white  surplices,  swinging  cen- 
sers, and  finally  three  priests,  one  walking  in  the 
middle  and  holding  the  remains.  Meanwhile  all  the 
people  were  invoking  the  intercession  of  St.  Lucy. 

Without  commenting  on  the  extreme  im- 
probability that  the  piece  of  flesh  and  bone 
in  the  golden  case  ever  formed  part  of  the 
body  of  one  who  died  1550  years  ago,  such 
veneration  of  relics  savors  strongly  of  idola- 
try; and  the  invoking  of  the  intercession  of  a 
poor  sinner,  whose  salvation,  if  it  was  ever  ac- 
complished, must  have  been  effected  through 
Divine  Grace,  seems  to  us  calculated  to  turn 
the  thoughts  of  the  people  from  the  source  of 
all  spiritual  good,  and  the  only  object  of  wor- 
ship. 
— Church  Statistics  in  Europe. — The  whole  popu- 


lation of  Europe  is  about  330,000,000.  Of  these 
there  are  I  in  round  numbers)  156,000,000  Catholics; 
80,000,000  Protestants;  81,000,000  Oriental  Chris- 
tians, i  mainly  belonging  to  the  Greek  Church); 
and  6,000,000  each  of  Mahommedans  and  Jews. 
Belgium,  Italy,  Spain  and  Portugal  are  almost  ex- 
clusively Catholic;  and  France,  with  more  than 
::.-,.iiiio,iiin>  Catholics,  hasbutii.'!ii.nii(i  Protectants.  A 
writer  in  the  London  Times  gives  a  long  account  of 
the  difficulties  Protestantism  has  had  to  encounter 
in  Fiance,  and  closes  with  the  following  observa- 
tions: 

"  The  great  object  of  the  French  Protestants  dur- 
ing the  present  century  has  been  to  avoid  conflicts 
with  the  Catholics.  They  have  been  admirable 
within  their  own  limits,  but  have  not  sought  to  ex- 
tend those  limits.  Many  remarkable  men  have 
arisen  from  the  Protestant  sects  to  high  positions  in 
political  life.  Guizot  was  a  Protestant;  Jules  Ferry, 
Leon  Say,  Baron  Haussmann,  Senators  EUbrard, 
W'allon,  and  Sherer  are  Protestants  also,  and  out' of 
Marshal  MacMahon's  Cabinets  contained  three  Pro- 
testant Ministers.  De  Pressensfi,  who  has  just  been 
elected  a  lite  member  of  the  Senate,  is  one  of  the 
most  eloquent  preachers  of  Protestantism  and  mod- 
crate  Republicanism,  and  among  his  brother  pa-tor> 
there  are  not  a  few  whose  attainments  compel  admi- 
ration, while  their  private  lives  are  admitted  to  he 
exemplary  in  a  conspicuous  degree.  But  for  all 
this  the  French  Protestants,  by  following  a  policy 
of  spiritual  non-intervention,  have  failed  in  the 
mission  which  seemed  to  be  especially  theirs — that 
of  rescuing  from  infidelity  men  who  could  not  ac- 
cept the  doctrines  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
but  wdio  yet  were  desirous  of  finding  some  place  of 
refuge  within  a  Christian  community. 

"A  new  chance  of  usefulness  may  be  afforded  to 
the  French  Protestants  should  the  Concordat  be 
abolished  and  all  religious  bodies  be  thereby  cut  off 


present,  out  of  the  Budget  des  Cultcs,  and  consider 
themselves  bound  by  their  salaries  to  be  discreet 
officials  and  nothing  else." 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIRST  MONTH  2G,  1SS4. 


The  custom  of  uncovering  the  head  as  a 
sign  of  respect  to  our  fellow  men,  is  regarded 
by  writers  on  social  science  as  having  had  its 
origin  in  the  subjection  of  the  conquered  to 
the  conquerors,  of  the  weaker  to  the  stronger, 
which  the  practices  of  savage  nations  still 
exemplify  ;  by  which  all  the  property,  even 
to  the  clothing  of  the  person,  is  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  superior.  It  was  usual  with 
the  ancient  Assyrians  to  strip  their  captives, 
as  is  shown  by  the  sculptures  which  remain  ; 
and  as  is  referred  to  by  Isaiah,  20th  chapter, 
which  says,  The  king"  of  Assyria  shall  lead 
away  the  Egyptians  prisoners,  and  the  Ethi- 
opians captive,  young  and  old,  naked  and 
barefoot.  This  token  of  subjection  and  sub- 
mission is  carried  to  much  greater  lengths 
than  with  us  among  some  of  the  people  of 
Africa  and  of  the  islands  of  the  Pacific,  where 
the  upper  garment  is  stripped  off  in  the  pre- 
sence of  their  chiefs.  The  removing  of  the 
covering  of  the  head  is  similar  in  character, 
and  implies  an  acknowledgment,  that  we  are 
so  subject  to  the  will  of  the  person  thus 
honored,  as  to  keep  our  own  clothing  only  at 
his  will. 

As  used  in  civilized  society,  this  custom  is 
essentially  insincere.  It  is  a  profession  of 
subjection,  which  in  other  forms  we  would 
scorn  to  make.  It  is  no  marvel  therefore, 
that  our  early  Friends  felt  conscientiously  re- 


strained from  complying  with  this  practice, 
as  well  as  from  other  tokens  of  homage  to 
man.  George  Fox,  in  his  Journal,  says: — ■ 
"  When  the  Lord  sent  me  into  the  world,  He 
foibade  me  to  put  off  my  hat  to  any,  high  or 
low.  *  *  Because  I  could  not  put  off  my  hat 
to  them  it  set  them  all  in  a  rage,  but  the  Lord 
showed  me  that  it  was  an  honor  below,  which 
He  would  lay  in  the  dust  and  stain  ;  an  honor 
that  proud  flesh  looked  for,  but  sought  not 
the  honor  which  comes  from  God  only.  That 
it  was  an  honor  invented  by  man  in  the  fall, 
and  in  the  alienation  from  Cod,  who  were 
offended  if  it  were  not  given  them,  yet  would 
be  looked  upon  as  saints,  church  members  and 
great  Christians  ;  but  Christ  sayeth,  'how  can 
ye  believe  who  receive  honor  one  of  another, 
and  seek  not  that  honor  that  cometh  from 
God  only'  'and  I  (saith  Christ)  receive  not 
honor  of  men,'  showing  that  men  have  an 
honor  which  they  will  receive  and  give,  but 
Christ  will  have  none  of  it.  This  is  the  honor 
which  Christ  will  not  receive  and  which  must 
be  laid  in  the  dust.  Oh  !  the  scorn,  heat  and 
fury  that  arose!  Oh  !  the  blows,  punchings, 
beatings  and  imprisonments  we  underwent 
for  not  putting  off  our  hats  to  men  !  For  that 
soon  tried  all  men's  patience  and  sobriety 
what  it  was.  Some  had  their  hats  violently 
plucked  off  and  thrown  away,  so  that  they 
quite  lost  them.  The  bad  language  and  evil 
usage  we  received  on  this  account  is  hard  to 
be  expressed,  besides  the  danger  we  were 
sometimes  in  of  losing  our  lives  for  this  mat- 
ter, and  that  by  the  professors  of  Christianity, 
who  thereby  discovered  they  were  not  true 
believers.  Anil  though  it  was  but  a  small 
thing  in  the  eye  of  man,  yet  a  wonderful  con- 
Ifusion  it  brought  among  all  professors  and 
priests;  but,  blessed  be  the  Lord,  many  came 
to  sec  the  vanity  of  that,  tbe  custom  of  put- 
ting off  the  hat  to  men  ;  and  felt  the  weight 
I  of  Truth's  testimony  against  it." 

Very  similar  is  the  testimony  of  Bobert 
Barclay,  who  says,  that  as  kneeling,  bowing 
and  uncovering  tbe  head  is  the  outward  signi- 
fication of  our  adoration  towards  God,  to 
whom  we  owe  the  dedication  of  both  soul  and 
body,  it  is  not  lawful  to  give  it  unto  man. 
"Men  owe  not  worship  one  to  another,  but 
all  equally  are  to  return  it  to  Cod  ;  because  it 
is  to  Him,  and  his  name  alone,  that  every 
knee  must  bow."  And  he  adds,  "  many  of  us 
have  been  sorely  beaten  and  buffeted,  yea, 
and  several  months  imprisoned,  for  no  other 
reason  but  because  w^e  could  not  so  satisfy  the 
proud  unreasonable  humors  of  proud  men  as 
to  uncover  our  heads,  and  bow  our  bodies." 

William  Penn  declares  of  this  custom  that 
it  was  both  the  effect  and  the  feeder  of  pride; 
and  that  man  is  so  fond  of  honor  and  respect 
from  his  fellow-creatures,  that  he  practically 
considered  it  a  greater  heresy  and  blasphemy 
to  refuse  him  the  homage  of  the  hat,  &c,  than 
any  other  principle  Friends  maintained. 

The  remarks  of  William  Penn  as  to  the 
connection  between  hat-honor  and  the  natur- 
ally proud  and  domineering  spirit  of  unre- 
generate  man,  may  explain  the  unreasonable 
offence  of  which  exhibitions  arc  from  time  to 
time  given,  where  persons  in  authority,  or 
filling  certain  official  positions,  are  approached 
with  covered  heads.  Human  nature  is  the 
same  now  as  it  was  in  his  days;  and  if  our 
members  are  not  faithful  in  the  support  of 
their  testimony  against  this  form  of  the  wor- 
ship of  man,  deceitful  and  fictitious  as  it  is, 
they  will  probably  increase  the  burthens  of 


200 


THE    FRIEND. 


others  more  conscientious  than  themselves. 
For,  as  John  Woolman  observes,  when  the 
members  of  a  visible,  gathered  church  use 
themselves  to  that  which  is  contrary  to  the 
purity  of  their  principles,  it  appears  to  be 
"one  step  back  towards  the  wilderness,  one 
step  towards  undoing  what  God  in  infinite 
love  hath  done  through  his  faithful  servants 
in  a  work  of  several  ages,  and  like  laying  the 
foundation  for  future  sufferings." 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Joseph  Wharton,  of  Philadelphia, 
having  believed  that  the  recent  twilight  glows  were  a 
result  of  the  volcanic  dust  thrown  out  by  the  eruptions 
on  the  island  of  Java,  has  apparently  verified  this  con- 
clusion by  a  recent  investigation.  He  collected  a  gallon 
of  snow  while  it  was  still  filling,  and  on  melting  it,  and 
evaporating  the  water,  found  a  residuum  which  even  to 
the  naked  eye,  showed  in  the  sunlight,  vitreous  reflec- 
tions. The  estimated  weight  of  the  dust  collected,  was 
MOOth  of  a  grain. 

On  the  17th  instant,  the  Senate  bill,  appropriating 
$1,000,000  for  continuing  the  work  of  improvement  on 
the  Mississippi  river,  was  passed  by  the  House  of  Rep- 


On  the  21st,  on  motion  of  Representative  Holman  of 
Indiana,  a  resolution  was  adopted  declaring  it  the  judg- 
ment of  the  House  "  that  all  unearned  land  grants 
should  be  forfeited  and  the  land  restored  to  the  public 
domain;  that  all  laws  permitting  the  purchase  of  large 
tracts  of  public  land  be  repealed,  and  instructing  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands  to  report  a  bill  carrying 
into  effect  these  declarations."  The  rules  were  sus- 
pended and  a  bill  passed,  providing  that  in  any  suit 
against  an  innocent  purchaser  of  an  article  manufac- 
tured in  violation  of  the  patent  law,  if  the  plaintiffs 
shall  not  recover  $20  or  over,  he  shall  recover  no  costs. 
A  bill  to  repeal  the  "iron-clad  oath,"  was  also  passed 
under  suspension  of  the  rules. 

In  the  Senate,  on  the  same  day,  Senator  Edmunds 
introduced  a  bill  "to  amend  the  act  granting  aid  for 
the  construction  of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  from 
the  Missouri  river  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  to  secure 
to  the  Government  the  use  of  the  same  for  postal  and 
military  and  other  purposes,  approved  [7th  mo.  1,  1862,] 
and  the  bills  amendatory  thereof,  one  of  which  provides 
for  the  settlement  of  the  claims  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  secure  to  the  United  States  the  indebtedness  of 
the  companies  to  them."  The  Senator  said  the  act  had 
been  prepared  by  the  Commissioner  of  Railroads.  "Its 
object  is,  if  possible,  to  bring  to  a  termination  the  con- 
troversy, which  appears  to  be  perpetual,  between  the 
United  States  and  these  railroad  companies  as  to  what 
they  should  pay  in  ;  and  to  provide  for  opening  up  the 
transactions  by  a  new  arrangement  on  a  long  bond  to 
take  the  place  of  the  obligation  of  the  companies  to  re- 
pay the  United  States;  to  provide  legal  securities  for 
such  repayment,  and  methods  for  the  enforcement 
thereof." 

The  House  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  at  a  meet- 
ing on  the  evening  of  the  21st,  at  which  all  the  mem- 
bers but  two  were  present,  unanimously  agreed  to  re- 
port to  the  House  a  bill  to  declare  forfeited  the  lands 
granted  to  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

The  total  exports  of  breadstufls  from  the  United 
States  during  the  year  1883,  amounted  in  value  to 
$172,092,180,  against  $182,678,865  in  1882. 

The  total  immigration  to  the  United  States  during 
1883,  included  500,100  persons,  against  712,544  in  18S2. 
Of  last  year's  immigrants,  1S0,,S12  came  from  Germany, 
79,033  from  England  and  Wales,  (33,841  from  Ireland, 
and  48,452  from  Sweden  and  Norway. 

The  steamer  City  of  Columbus,  which  left  Boston  for 
Savannah  on  Fifth-day  afternoon,  struck  the  ledge  at 
Gay  Head  next  morning  before  daylight  and  sank.  She 
had  on  board  80  passengers  and  a  crew  of  45,  including 
officers;  and  it  is  believed  that  07  lives  were  lost;  12 
passengers  and  17  of  the  crew  were  saved.  The  City  of 
Columbus  was  built  at  Chester,  Penna.,  for  the  Ocean 
Line,  in  1878.  In  1882  she  was  transferred  to  the  Bos- 
ton Line,  and  was  then  valued  at  $275,000. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  376, 
which  was  17  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
31  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  192  were  males,  and  1S4  females:  56 
died  of  consumption  ;  42  of  pneumonia  ;  26  of  old  age  ; 
19  of  convulsions;  Hi  of  diphtheria  ;  13  of  bronchitis; 
12  of  scarlet  fever,  and  10  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c.—U.  S.  4J'x,  1144  !  4's,  124J  ;  3's,  regis- 
tered, 100  a  101 A  ;  currency  0's,  129  a  130. 


Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10J  a  llj  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  9}  a  9§  cts.  for  export, 
and  10}  a  10;;  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  slow  of  sale,  but  there  was  no  change  in 
prices.  Sales  of  2000  barrels,  including  Minnesota 
bakers,  at  $5  a  $0  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a 
3p4.75;  western  do.,  at  $5  a  §5  90,  and  patents  at  s6  a 
$6.75.  Rye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.62i  a  $3.75  per 
barrel. 

Grain.  —  Wheat  was  unsettled  and  rather  lower. 
About  9000  bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at 
5fl.0<j!  a  $1.10;  No.  2  at  $1.02!  a  j-1.09!  per  bushel,  the 
latter  rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  95J  cts.  per 
bushel,  and  130,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.02  a  $1.03} 
$1,031  a  &1.03A  2d  mo.,  $1.05£  a  $1.05f  3rd 


Earl  Granville  approves   the  views  of  France  in  till 
matter. 

On  the  18th  instant,  king  Alfonso  of  Spain,  accepte;] 
the  resignation  of  the  Cabinet.  In  view  of  the  imposJ 
sibility  of  effecting  any  agreement  with  the  Liberals) 
the  king  charged  Canovas  Del  Castillo,  a  Conservative! 
with  the  task  of  effecting  the  formation  of  a  Cabinet 
The  decision  of  king  Alfonso  to  call  the  Conservative! 
into  power  caused  a  sensation. 

Canovas  del  Castillo,  the  new  Spanish  Prime  ] 
ter,  announces  that  the  programme  of  the  Governmen1 
will  be  based  upon  Liberal  lines,  and  that  he  shall  con- 
stantly endeavor  to  keep  free  from  international  politics 
The  Correspondencia  (newspaper)  says  that  the  Liberals 
have  disappeared  from  power,  not  by  a  natural  death 
but  by  suicide.     King  Alfonso,  seeing  that  for  him  tc 


favor  one  section  or  the  other  of  the  party  would  widen 
mo.,  $1.07!  a  $1.08  4th  mo.,  and  $1.09!  a  $1.10!  5th  ;  the  differences  between  them,  and  hoping  (hat,  when  in 
mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were  easier:  11,000  bushels  sold,  opposition,  their  misfortune  might  perhaps  unite  thft 
in  lots  at  58  a  59  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  diverging  elements,  (bought  the  time  had  arrived  tc 
yellow,    50    a    57  cts.  lor    rejected    and   steamer,    and  summon  the  Conservatives  to  power.     This,  says  the 


30,000  sail  mixed  at  58J,  a  59  cts.  1st  mo.,  58!  a  59 
2d  mo.,  59!  a  00  cts.  3rd  mo.,  00|  a  61  cts.  4th  mo.,  and 
61|  a  02!  5th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  lower.  About 
10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  40|  a  43  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  41  a  42  cts. 
1st  mo.,  40J  a  41  cts.  2d  mo.,  41f  a  41J  cts.  3rd  mo., 
42  a  43  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  43!  a  44  cts.  5th  mo.  Rye 
was  unchanged.  Small  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts. 
per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  1st 
mo.  19th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  367  ;  loads  of  straw,  68  ; 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  but  prices  were  un- 
changed: 2500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  5}  a  7!  cts. 
per  pound,  the  latter  rate  for  extra. 

Sheep  were  rather  dull :  1 1,000  head  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  3  a  0|  cts.,  and  lambs  at4£  a  7£  cts.  per 
pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  fair  demand :  4500  head  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  8  a  9  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — Prime  Minister  Gladstone  has  issued  a 
circular  to  the  Liberal  members  of  the  House  of  Com- 


mons, requesting  their   attendance  at   the  opening  of  anJ  address 
Parliament,  on   the  5lh  of  next  month.     He  says  it  is 
the  desire  of  the  Government  to  submit  to  (he  House 
of  Commons  at  the  earliest  day  possible  after  its  open- 
ing, proposals  of  much  public  interest  and  importance. 

A  telegram  from  Cairo  states  that  it  is  reported  that 
negotiations  have  been  opened  between  Egypt  and 
Abyssinia.  The  latter  demands  the  cession  by  Egypt 
of  the  Bogos  territory  and  the  port  of  Massowah,  which 
adjoin  the  northeastern  boundary  of  Abyssinia,  under 
a  threat  that  the  king  of  Abyssinia  will  declare  war 
with  Egypt  if  this  demand  is  refused.  Egypt  is  willing 
to  cede  the  territory  of  Bogos  and  the  port  of  Zoulla, 
which  is  south  of  Massowah,  on  condition  that  Abys- 
sinia shall  operate  against  El  Mahdi.  This  arrange- 
ment is  regarded  as  probable. 

The  Cairo  correspondent  of  Renter's  Telegram  Com- 
pany says  an  official  despatch  has  been  reccn-ed  statin" 
that  the  whole  country  around  Khartoum  is  in  open 
rebellion  against  the  Egyptian  Government.  The  Khe- 
dive has  received  a  (elegram  from  the  Governor  General 
idan,  reporting  that  the  insurgents  have  cut  off 
ol   thy  garrison  in   the  province  of  Senaar, 

d   have   rendered    the  river  Nile  impassable  below 
by  sinking  boats  in  the  channel. 


L'crrenptmdencia,  is  the  understanding  we  have  of  the 
palriotic  intention  of  king  Alfonso,  who  is,  with  justice 
proclaimed  the  most  liberal  monarch  in  Europe. 

An  International  Exposition  of  Agriculture  is  to  b( 
held  at  Amsterdam,  beginning  in  4lh  month  next.  Il 
will  be  under  the  patronage  of  (he  king  of  Holland 
and  will  be  supported  financially  by  the  Government 
of  the  Netherlands. 

After  an  acrimonious  and  violent  debate  in  the  Lowe) 
House  of  the  Prussian  Diet,  the  further  consideration 
of  the  bill  taxing  incomes  derived  from  personal  pro- 
perty was  referred  to  a  select  committee  of  28  members. 

Great  alarm  has  been  caused  at  Montevideo  by  i 
uiense  tidal  waves,  one  of  which  caused  (he  death  of  a 
woman  bather.     They  are  attributed  to  volcanic  move- 
ments.    Each  wave  is  preceded  by  a  large  dark  cloud 


The  attention  of  Friends  is  again  called  to  the 
"  Friends'  Calendar"  for  1884,  which  has  been  prepared 
for  gratuitous  distribution,  and  can  be  bad  on  applica- 
tion either  to  Friends'  Book  Store,  304  Arch  St.,  or  to 
E.  L.  South,  6  North  Sixth  St.     It  will  be  mailed  to 


Hue 


The  Porte  has  telegraphed  to  Muslims  Pasha,  the 
luikish  Ambassador  at  London,  to  exchange  views 
with  the  British  Government  in  regard  to  Egypt,  owing 
to  the  decisi0„  to  evacuate  the  Soudan  without  con- 
sulting (he  porte. 

Be  Leon,  an  American,  has  presented  to  the  Porte  a 
scheme  for  a  ship  railway  from  El  Arish,  at  the  mouth 
ol  (he  \\  ady  el  Areesh,  or  "  River  of  Egypt,"  near  the 
boundary  0|  Egypt  and  Palestine,  to  the  river  Akabah, 
which  cmplies  into  the  Red  Sea. 

The  Times  has  a  despatch  from  Hoi-How,  the  north- 
ernmost city  on  the  island  of  Hainan,  dated  the  16th 
inst.,  which  slates  that  Chinese  troops  from  Canton 
have  been  landed  there  with  stores  and  torpedoes, 
(ireat  excitement  prevailed  among  the  Hainanese  on 

account  of  this  warlike  del islralion.     The  English 

\  i.i'  Consul  has  demanded  (In-  presence  of  a  gun-boat. 

A  fans  despatch  to  a  local  news  agency  states  that 
Waddington,  the  French  Ambassador  to  England,  in  a 
recent  interview  with  Fail  Granville,  the  British  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs,  declared  that  France  would  not 
recommence  negotiations  with  China  until  all  her  ob- 
jects in  Tonquin  had  been  achieved.  Minister  Wad- 
dington  has   informed    the    French   Government  that 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on    the    arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train   from 

Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  {Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


Died,  8th  mo.  13th,  1883,  at  her  residence  in  West 
Chester,  Pa.,  Susan  Baily,  wife  of  Isaac  Baily,  in  the 
91st  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  West  Chester  Parti 
cular  and  Birmingham  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends. 

,  at    her   residence    in    Germanlown,    Philada., 

12th  mo.  31st,  1883,  Sarah  B.,  wife  of  Henry  N.  Hoxie, 
aged  38  years,  a  member  of  Frankford  Monthly  Meet- 
ing. During  a  long  period  of  ill-health,  often  attended 
with  much  suffering,  this  beloved  Friend  was  preserved 
in  much  patience  and  resignation  to  the  Divine  will. 
Her  spiritual  exercises  were  fervent  on  her  own  account, 
and  she  was  also  deeply  interested  in  the  best  welfare 
of  others.  She  was  warmly  attached  to  the  principles 
and  testimonies  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  but  being  of 
a  retiring  disposition  and  long  an  invalid,  she  was  not 
generally  known  out  of  the  immediate  circle  of  her 
friends;  but  by  them  the  depth  of  her  religious  charac- 
ter was  fully  appreciated,  and  it  can  be  truly  said, 
"They  took' knowledge  of  her  that  she  had  been  with 
Jesus."  She  had  long  loved  her  Saviour,  and  having 
been  engaged  to  follow  Him  in  the  regeneration,  though 
often  bumbled  under  a  sense  of  her  own  unworlhiness, 
she  realized  His  sustaining  presence  to  be  with  her, 
enabling  her  to  contemplate  the  solemn  close  of  life 
without  fear;  and  her  friends  have  the  consoling  belief, 
that  through  redeeming  love  and  mercy,  her  ransomed 
spirit  has  been  admitted  into  that  glorious  city  wh 
none  of  (he  inhabitants  can  say  "  1  am  sick."  "  Blessed 
are  the  pure  in  heart  for  they  shall  see  God." 

WILLIAM  II.  PILE,  PRINTER^ 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SECOND  MONTH 


NO.    2  6. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,  if  paid  in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.   116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

MOORESTOWN,    BURLINOTON   Co.,   N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

DIFFERENT    EFFECTS    OF    DIVINE    VISITATIONS. 

It  bus  been  observed  that  every  visitation 
of  the  Lord  to  man,  leaves  him  either  better 
or  worse  than  he  was  before.  Those  who 
learn  the  lessons  intended  to  be  taught,  are 
benefited  thereby;   but  others  are  hardened 

id  made  more  insensible  to  good.  Thomas 
Story  was  at  Jamaica,  in  the  West  Indies,  in 
170!).  where  a  violent  earthquake  had  not 
long  before  produced  much  destruction.  His 
comments  on  the  moral  condition  of  the  peo- 
ple furnish  a  sad  illustration  of  the  above  re- 
mark.    He  says : 

The  earthquake  here  was  such  as  has 
scarce  been  paralleled  in  any  age  or  country  ; 
and  was  followed  by  a  dreadful  fire,  which 
scarce  left  a  house  in  all  the  town  uneonsumed; 
but  left  the  stocks,  pillory  and  ducking-stool 
entire,  as  if  the  destroyer  had  been  ordered 
to  leave  them,  as  instruments  of  justice  for 
the  future  punishment  of  the  miserable  in- 
habitants; which  the  Orderer  of  all  things 
foresaw  they  would  deserve,  notwithstanding 
his  judgments:  For  such  are  their  wicked  ex- 
pressions, their  oaths,  blasphemies,  profana- 
tions of  the  holy  name  of  Almighty  God,  their 
curses,  sinkings,  and  rude  expressions  in  all 
their  conversation,  even  among  both  sexes, 
that  sober  men,  who  never  heard  them,  would 
hardly  believe,  if  it  were  told  them,  that  hu- 
man nature  was  capable  of  so  great  degen- 
eracy ;  insomuch  that  it  looks  as  if,  when 
sunk  into  the  earth,  they  had  been  baptized 
in  hell,  into  the  very  nature  and  language  of 
it;  whose  expressions  I  will  not  defile  my  pen 
to  repeat,  though  dipped  in  bitter  gall." 

The  author  of  "  The  Sure  Mercies  of  David" 
records  the  experience  of  a  friend,  in  whom 
the  heavenly  visitation  had  a  contrary  effect 
from  that  described  by  Thomas  Story: — 

"  When  I  was  a  young  man  it  was  the  cus- 
tom, and  not  thought  ungentlemanlike,  for 
men,  when  conversing  with  each  other,  to  in- 
terlard their  conversation  with  oaths  and 
other  strong  expletives  which  would  not  be 
tolerated  now  ;  for  in  these  days  gentlemen, 
even  if  not  under  the  power  of  the  gospel,  do 
not  swear.  I  was  not  an  exception  to  my 
associates,  and  as  I  grew  in  years  the  habit 
became  more  confirmed  ;  and  when  I  lost  my 
temper,  my  anger  was  expressed  in  this  sense- 
less and  unholy  way. 


"I  married,  and  had  a  farm  and  a  large  and  health-giving  exercise,  but  for  utility, 
number  of  sheep.  One  beautiful  summer  One  morning  I  had  promised  my  sons  to  take 
evening  we  were  going  up  the  country  to  keep  'them  with  me  for  a  few  days  to  the  neighbor- 
an  engagement.  Our  boatmen  were  waiting  ing  coast;  but  the  weather  was  boisterous  and 
lor  us,  and  we  were  on  our  way  to  embark,  uncertain.  Towards  the  afternoon  the  wind 
when  I  observed  a  fine  ewe  in  a  field  of  barley,  moderated,  so  we  went  on  board  and  sailed. 
Of  course  she  had  no  right  there,  and  was  in-  "The  breeze  was  still  very  fresh,  and  we 
juring  the  crop,  so  I  opened  the  gate  behind  were  going  fleetly  through  the  waters.  Sud- 
her,  and  going  along  so  as  to  confront  her,  I  plenty  the  sheet  of  the  foresail  slipped,  and 
sprang  over  the  fence,  and  approaching  ber.was  flapping  about  with  great  force.  While 
cautious]}-  (for  the  field  was  large  and  I  was  trying  to  catch  it,  the  rope  struck  me  violently 
afraid  she  might  run)  I  endeavored  to  turn  in  the  face,  nearly  knocking 'me  down,  and 
her  out.     But  there  she  stood,  regardless  of  causing  me  great  pain.     In  the  irritation  of 


all  my  exclamations  and  gestures,  occasion- 
ally stamping  her  foot,  as  if  impatient  at  being 
disturbed,  and  threatening  to  run  at  me. 

"There  stood  the  sheep,  a  few  3-ards  from 
me,  never  having  moved  from  the  spot  where 
I  first  found  her,  and  looking  as  if  she  in- 
tended to  give  me  some  trouble.  At  last  I 
lost  all  patience,  and  gave  vent  to  my  irrita- 
tion in  curses  on  her  obstinacy.  Maddened 
with  rage,  at  last  I  exclaimed  with  an  oath, 
'I  wish  you  were  dead!  The  words  had 
hardly  passed  my  lips  when  the  fore  legs  of 
the  ewe  gave  way,  and  she  fell  forward.  I 
felt  stunned  as  if  struck  dumb,  and  puttin 


the  moment  I  exclaimed  with  an  oath,  '  I 
wish  the  yacht  was  at  the  bottom !'  The 
words  had  only  escaped  my  lips,  when  re- 
morse filled  my  heart. 

"  Oh,  what  would  I  not  have  given  to  recall 
that  terrible  imprecation!  I  turned  me  to 
the  mercy-seat,  and  confessed  my  sin,  and, 
prayed  the  Lord  to  forgive  the  rash  words, 
and  spare  me  the  answer  I  dreaded. 

"  I  feared  too  my  boys  had  heard  me, 
though  I  still  cherished  the  hope  that  in  the 
effort  to  secure  the  loosened  sail,  and  the  noise 
it  made,  and  the  excitement  of  the  moment, 
my  exclamation  might  have  passed  unnoticed. 


my  hand  to  my  head  in   terror  and  dismay,  \  A  terrible  dread  took  possession  of  my  whole 


slowly  realized  the  power  of  the  living  God 
and  thanked  Him  that  his  Spirit  had  with- 
held me  from  invoking  the  curse  upon  myself, 
as  I  had  often  done  before,  or  it  might  perhaps 
have  been  as  quickly  answered.  I  walked 
forward  and  touched  the  poor  animal.  Her 
eye  was  glazed  ;  she  was  not  dying,  but  dead ! 

"I  was  struck  by  the  awful  solemnity  of 
the  immediate  granting  of  a  petition.  I  had 
no  desire  it  should  be  so  answered  ;  but  '  by 
terrible  things  in  righteousness  wilt  Thou  an- 
swer us,  O  God  of  our  salvation?' 

"Quite  unfitted  for  the  entertainment  to 
which  we  were  going,  the  boat  was  counter- 
manded, and  we  returned  home  sadly  and 
silently. 

Many  years  have  elapsed  since  then,  but 


being.  I  thought  He  would  not  allow  us  to 
reach  the  land,  but  that  in  his  anger  a  leak 
or  a  sudden  squall  would  send  us  to  the  bot- 
tom. I  looked  at  my  three  boys,  aud  my 
heart  sank  within  me. 

"  He  was  better  to  me  than  all  my  fears. 
By  the  time  we  made  the  anchorage  the  wind 
subsided,  the  sun  was  setting  gloriously,  and 
floods  of  golden  light  gleamed  on  the  distant 
waters,  as  with  a  thankful  heart  I  sprang  on 
shore,  and  every  soul  that  had  sailed  with  me 
safe  beside  me. 

"After  making  the  vessel  secure,  and  taking 
all  the  usual  precautions  to  ensure  her  safety, 
we  left  her.  Before  I  went  to  rest  I  looked 
out  again  on  the  waters  that  but  for  the  grace 
and  mercy  of  God  would  now  have  been  our 


from  that  day  I  ceased  to  be  a  blasphemer,  [grave.     All  was  calm  and  beautiful ;  the  stan 
I  will  not  say  that  in  an  unguarded  moment  shone  brightly.     Every  thing  was  quiet  but 

my  troubled  heart;  there  lay,  like 


of  irritation  I  never  afterwards  used  an  oath, 
but  I  can  say  that  I  have  often  had  to  ac- 
knowledge His  deliverance;  and  manj-  a  day 
there  rose,  like  a  vision  of  the  past,  that  bright 
summer  evening,  with  the  green  upland  and 
blue  sky,  and  the  dead  sheep  at  my  feet. 

"As  I  have  said,  this  solemn  and  awful  an- 
swer to  the  cry  of  the  natural  heart  broke  me 
of  swearing.  I  believed  in  an  ever-present 
God,  and  feared  to  offend  Him." 

In  the  same  work,  is  narrated  a  somewhat 
similar  case  of  one  whose  impetuosity  of  tem- 
per often  vented  itself  in  an  oath.  He  was 
conscious  that  it  was  an  easily-besetting  sin, 
and  was  endeavoring  to  obtain  the  victory 
over  it.     He  says  : — ■ 

"  I  had  a  very  fast  little  schooner  yacht,  in 
which  my  boys  took  great  delight.  We  lived 
at  some  distance  from  town,  and  our  vessel 
was  often  in   request,  not  only  for  pleasure 


leaden 
weight  on  my  spirit,  the  words  I  had  spoken. 

"Towards  morning  I  fell  asleep ;  but  I  was 
awakened  by  a  violent  storm  of  rain  that  beat 
against  the  windows,  while  a  tremendous 
wind  shook  the  house,  and  rattled  through 
every  door  and  window-frame.  Day  light 
broke,  when  a  servant  knocked  at  my  door 
with  the  intelligence,  'The  yacht  is  wrecked.' 
I  sprang  from  my  bed,  and  bade  my  boys 
arise  and  accompany  me  to  see  if  anything 
could  be  done.  The  first  thing  I  saw,  at  the 
end  of  the  wharf,  was  one  of  her  masts;  and 
going  a  little  further  I  saw  her  lying  at  the 
bottom  !  Not  a  particle  of  her  above  water, 
except  the  splinters  of  her  deck  and  spars, 
which  lay  scattered  in  the  dock. 

"  I  had  not  a  word  to  say.  I  bowed  my 
head  in  submission  to  His  will,  who,  though 
He  had  not  left  mo  altogether  unpunished, 


THE    FRIEND. 


had  tempered  his  judgment  with  so  mud 
mere_y.  Then  and  there,  while  looking  dowr 
on  that  shapeless  mass  of  wood  and  iron,  we 
blessed  the  Lord  tor  his  goodness,  and  be- 
sought Him  to  set  a  watch  upon  our  lips  that 
we  should  never  again  speak  {toward  things 

An  ineident  is  related  of  a  merchant,  whose 
heart  was  sensible  of  religious  impressions, 
but  who  was  too  desirous  of  accumulating 
wealth.  He  made  a  costly  venture  to  aggran- 
dize his  fortune  at  once.  He  built  and  sent 
out  a  ship  to  a  foreign  market  with  a  cargo 
that  promised  a  rich' 'return  ;  anil  with  high 
expectations  awaited  intelligence  of  ship  and 
cargo.  Time  passed  on,  and  no  tidings  of  her 
fate  ever  reached  him.  When  be  found  that 
she  must  have  perished,  and  that  his  hopes  of 
gain  were  lost,  his  eyes  were  opened  to  see 
that  he  had  been  unduly  covetous,  and  he  was 
led  to  supplicate  the  Father  of  mercies  for 
deliverance  from  the  temptation. 

His  petition  was  heard  and  answered. 
Years  rolled  on  ;  his  read)'  hand  was  open  to 
relieve  others,  even  beyond  his  measure.  His 
love  of  earthly  gain  was  transferred  to  trea- 
sures in  Heaven.  His  life  was  a  living  testi- 
mony which  grew  brighter  and  brighter  as 
his  day  went  down.  The  Lord  suddenly 
called  him  to  Himself.     Without  a  struggle 


noted,  and  specimens  of  water  taken.  Then 
the  trawl  is  lowered  from  the  end  of  the  boom 
swung  so  as  to  clear  the  ship.  When  the 
trawl  is  near  the  bottom,  which  is  known  by 
the  number  of  fathoms  of  wire  rope  out,  the 
ship  is  backed,  and  at  least  a  third  more  wire 
rope  than  the  depth  is  allowed,  so  that  the 
"  lead"  from  the  trawl  may  not  be  at  too  great 
an  angle  and  lift  it  from  the  bottom.  "The 
trawl,  by  the  backing  of  the  ship,  is  dragged 
over  the  ocean  bed  ;  and,  when  drawn  tor  a 
sufficient  time,  is  hauled  in  by  the  engine  on 
deck;  and  the  collection  emptied  into  large 
sieves.  Now  the  festive  scientist  is  in  his 
glory;  and  fortunate  is  the  observer  who  can 
catch  a  glimpse  of  more  than  a  confused  mass 
of  heads,  hands,  buckets  and  mud,  until  the 
specimens  are  brought  to  the  tables  for  ar- 
rangement; and  even  then,  he  must  keep  at 
a  respectful  distance  and  "  not  touch." 

The   collection    is    hastily  sorted   and   the 


Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

Micajah  Collins  was  a  valuable  minister  c'J 
the  Gospel  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  whjl 
lived  at  Lynn,  Massachusetts;  and  who  wa'l 
removed  from  works  to  rewards  near  the  bell 
ginning  of  the  year  1827,  in  the  63rd  year  ell 
his  age. 

He  left  behind  him  some  records  of  his  esjl 
perieuces  and  observations,  contained  in  si:S 
small  manuscript  volumes,  with  the  following 
heading  :  "  Minutes  kept  by  Micajah  Collins! 
son  of  Enoch  Collins  and  Eebecca  Collins) 
Born  at  Lynn,  according  to  accounts,  thjj 
10th  of  4th  month,  1764" 

In  his  preliminary  remarks,  he  refers  til 
William  Penn's  advice  to  his  children,  to  kee]| 
some  journal  of  their  lives  ;  and  intimates  thai 
this  had  stimulated  him  to  adopt  the  practiJH 
"  If,  peradventure,  from  past  weaknesses,  mis> 


without  a  sigh,  he  passed 
of  praise  on  his  lips. 


ay. 


Sea  Studies. 


acci 


pecimensput  in  alcohol  for  preservation  until  ^tln^t  faVOr8J  ^  ™%h?  derived  1 

lected  to  state  that  the  latitude  and  longitudV  "}  '    ' '  k'  ll >>  s\?tl  ;^-'»P^'ed  with  for 

of  each  haul  is  carefully  observed  and  record-'  " "/      f|         *  °^  Wg™^™ 

,.,(ed,   the   haul   numbered,  and   the  specimens1  nf'Sh      "^ 

a  son-  from  each    haul   kept  separate  and   marked  I    e  7, lu  h>-,'ndff  r,th' e  constraining  influence 

with  the  number  of  haul  °f  ftbTe  love  °J  God  shed  f  ™ad  ™  the  heart 


th 


still  stranger  creatures  that  will  cause  a 


evo- 


(Concluded  from  pa( 

Several  thermometers  a 
same  wire  and  "  tripped,"  so  that  tempera- jlution  in  some  old  and  considered  tobe  w< 
tares  at  several  depths  can  be  taken  at  one  established  group;  or  they  may  be  a  link  in 
sounding.  One  thermometer  is  placed  near  some  important  chain  of  evidence,  and  prove 
the  lead  to  get  the  bottom  temperature;  then,  beyond  doubt  a  sometime  hypothesis.  Out- 
w hen  fatty  fathoms  of  wire  are  run  out,  an-  side  of  this  scientific  value,  the  forms  of  life 
other  case  is  put  on  the  wire;  but  we  notice  are  so  varied,  the  shapes  so  odd  and  so  unlike 
at  the  lower  end  of  the  case  a  small  hook  bentlthings  we  are  used  to  seeing  with  coin™  Rrt 
at  a  right  angle  with  a  very  slight  curve  u 


ip- 

ward  at  the  tip;  on  this  is  hung  a  ring  sus- 
pending a  brass  "  messenger"  which  had  pre- 
viously been  slipped  over  the  wire.  Another 
fifty  fathoms  of  wire  are  run  out,  another 
thermometer  and  messenger  attached,  and  so 
on  until  the  bottom  is  reached.  Then  a  brass 
messenger  is  let  go.  It  "  trips"  the  last  ther- 
mometer which  was  placed  on  the  wire  and 
stops;  the  thermometer  in  falling  loosens  its 
hold  on  the  messenger  booked  to  its  base, 
which  rushes  down  and  trips  the  thermometei 
below;  and  so  on  until  the  bottom  is  reached 
The  lower  clamp  of  the  thermometer  case 
holds  so  firmly  to  the  wire  that  the  messenger 
in  striking  docs  not  change  its  position  on  the 
wire.  We  use  also  an  automatic  tripping  ther- 
mometer invented  by  Chief  Engineer  Bailie, 
U.  S.  N.;  and  the  one  described  above  was 
perfected  by  him. 

The  device  for  collecting  specimens  of  water 
at  any  depth  consists  of  a  brass  cylinder  with 
closely  fitting  valves  at  either  end,  which 
open  upwards.  As  this  is  lowered,  the  water 
rushes  up  through  its  centre,  lifting  the  valves; 
but  when  drawn  up,  each  valve  at  once  closes; 
the  upper  valve  prevents  water  getting  in 
from  above,  and  the  lower,  the  inclosed  water 
escaping,  so  the  identical  water  of  a  certain 
depth  is  landed  on  board,  and  subjected  l<>  the 
necessary  tests. 

When  trawling  is  to  be  done  in  any  locality, 
the  ship  is  stopped,  the  "  lead"  dropped  over- 
board, the  depth  of  water  and  temperatures 


brilliant   and    strangely  fascinating,   oven 
tyro  would  forget  his  sea-sickness,  so  wrapped 
up  must  he  become  in  contemplating  these 


e  grossest  follies,  until 
the  captivated  soul  was  involved  deeply  in 
the  mists  of  Egyptian  darkness. 

"Thus,  O  my  soul !  wast  thou  many  years 
carried  captive  by  him  at  his  will,  until  the 
Day-star  arose,  and  the  glorious  da)-  dawned, 
and  God  in  mercy  broke  forth  with  power 
and  ineffable  goodness,  and  dispelled  some  of 
those  mists  of  darkness  wherein  I  had  many 
years  been  deeply  enveloped,  and  strengtHB 
ened  mo  toembrace  theoffers  of  his  love,  whenl 


wonderful  wonders  of  the  mysterious  deep ;  ^h{,*  *  g  !*h-  -*7  f'  i  WilSted  my 

and  then  to  see  that  they  really  -'do  live  and  *  ,',  -T  ''  dlSS,l)at'on,  and  ^tousness ;  m 
move  and  have  a  being."  I  would  that  time  ™!Vt]  "  ?*£en,  ™  l°  ^  1°  i'0^  me 
and  space  allowed  me  to  dwell  on  some,  indi-  "     '    i  of  righteousness   to  bring  me 


vidually,  so  you  might  form  a  mental  picture 
of  their  form,  movements  and  varying  colors. 
It  would  also  be  interesting  to  discuss  the 
wisdom  of  the  yellow,  pink  and  cardinal  coats 
they  wear;  of  the  enormous  pressure  these 
delicate  creatures  move  about  under,  and 
kindred  topics. 

Outside  of  this  study  of  the  sea  bottom,  the 
"  Albatross"  from  time  to  time  will  follow  the 
mackerel  and  other  migratory  fish  when  they 
leave  our  coast,  and  learn  their  haunts.  She 
will  seek  the  home  of  the  shad,  and  learn  its 
food  which  makes  such  delicious  flesh.  Col- 
lections will  be  made  in  different  depths  o 
water,  by  specially  devised  means,  to  learn 
the  strata  that  certain  fish  inhabit.  The  Com- 
mission also  hopes  to  solve  the  mystery  of  the 
sea  serpent,  which  has  filled  with  terror  so 
many  sea-going  souls;  for  there  is  too  much 
evidence  to  class  it  as  a  myth. 

"  I  will  govern  my  life  and  my  thoughts  as 
the  whole  world  were  to  see*  the  one  and 
read  the  other;  for  what  does  it  signify  to 
make  anything  a  secret  to  my  neighbor,  when 
to  God  (  who  is  the  searcher  of  our  hearts)  all 
our  privacies  are  open?" 


nto  his  banqueting  house  where  there  .„ 
bread  enough  and  to  spare,  where  his  banner 
over  me  would  be  love,  and  to  make  me  joyful! 


tions  of  the  dealin. 
which  are  instruct 
tion,  for  the  wor 
heart  of  man  has 
They  contain  also 
~ng  the  Friends  with   whom 


contain  valuable  illustra- 
J  of  God  with  his  children, 
?o  to  those  of  this  genera- 
of  Divine  Grace  on  the 
been  similar  in  all  ages, 
nuch  information  respect- 
was  cotem- 
y,  and  the  exercises  and  conflicts  of  the 
;h  in  that  period.  It  is  proposed  to  select 
them,  for  the  pages  of  "The  Friend," 
such  portions  as  may  seem  to  be  most  interest- 
ing and  instructive.  These  extracts  may  be 
properly  prefaced  by  the  following  Memorial. 

Memorial  of  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends 


ho  departed  this 
;27,  in  the  ti'.ird 


concerning  Micajah 

life  on    the  \ 

year  of  Ms  age. 

This,  our  beloved  friend,  was 
Enoch  and  Rebecca  Collins,  and  v 
Lynn,  Mass.,  on  the  19th  of  4th  mo.  1764. 
Bis  father  dying  when  he  was  very  young, 
his  early  education  devolved  on  hi's  tender 
and  affectionate  mother,  of  whom   ho  often 


son  of 
born  in 


THE    FRIEND. 


2U3 


spoke  in  terms  of  filial  regard,  and  to  whose 
pious  instructions  he  attributed  great  useful- 
ness in  counteracting  the  evil  propensities  of 
his  youth,  as  we  find  by  a  manuscript  journal 
^relating  to  his  early  life. 

,'  During  the  j^ears  of  his  minority  he  had 
strong  inclinations  to  lightness,  in  which  he 
indulged  to  a  degree  beyond  most  of  his  asso- 
ciates, although  the  compunctions  of  a  guilt}' 
conscience,  often  arrested  him  in  his  wild 
icareer.  These  convictions  frequently  caused 
him  to  weep  and  to  form  resolutions  for  an 
amendment  of  life  ;  but  mixing  again  with  bis 
rude  companions  all  his  resolutions  passed 
away  like  the  morning  cloud!  From  what 
| we  have  known  of  bis  early  history,  we  are 
[led  to  believe,  that  notwithstanding  bis  many 
deviations  from  the  path  of  rectitude,  he  was 
remarkably  favored  with  divine  visitations, 
even  when  very  young. 

The  simplicity  of  the  cross  of  Christ,  ap- 
pears to  have  been  his  greatest  trial,  from 
which  his  natural  vivacity  shrunk-  with  an 
awful  dread  ;  thus  he  continued  to  stifle  con- 
viction until  about  the  22d  year  of  his  age — 
whereby  the  season  of  youth  was  wasted  in 
unprofitable  pursuits.  About  this  time  he 
went  to  reside  with  Daniel  Newhall,  a  worthy 
and  respectable  member  of  our  Society,  whoso 
tender  counsel  and  uniform  deportment,  en- 
couraged him  to  live  more  conformably  to 
the  divine  will.  As  be  listened  to  the  Heaven- 
ly Monitor  his  mind  became  more  and  more 
strengthened  in  the  way  that  leads  to  eternal 
life;  wherein  he  saw  the  necessity  of  support- 
ing our  ancient,  testimonies  respecting  plain- 
Sees  of  dress,  and  in  the  use  of  the  Scripture 
language  before  all  people.  Thus,  as  obedi- 
ence kept  pace  with  knowledge,  he  was  en- 
abled to  walk  in  the  path  of  self-denial,  where- 
in he  was  fitted  and  prepared  to  proclaim  the 
glad  tidings  of  the  gospel  of  peace,  into  which 
service  he  was  called  about  the  27th  year  of 
his  age. 

His  appearance  in  the  ministry  being  satis- 
factory to  his  friends,  he  was  encouraged  to 
give  diligent  heed  to  the  gift  he  had  received, 
'•  but  like,  many  others  engaged  in  the  same 
holy  calling,  he  was  closely  tried,  and  bis 
i  public  labors  for  a  considerable  time  sus- 
pended ;  under  which  proving  dispensation 
he  was  brought  to  the  very  brink  of  despair, 
yet  the  waves  of  affliction  were  mercifully 
stayed  by  that  Almighty  power,  which  said, 
"Thus  far  shalt  thou  go  and  no  farther." 
From  this  time  his  ardent  zeal  in  the  Heavenly 
Father's  service  manifested  itself  in  various 
ways  for  the  promotion  of  the  glorious  cause, 
in  which  the  general  suavity  of  his  manners, 
his  affable  and  kind  disposition,  and  the  open 
sincerity  of  bis  heart,  served  to  render  his 
labors  the  more  eminently  useful,  and  con- 
ciliated the  esteem  of  his  friends  and  ac 
quaintanees. 

In  his  public  testimonies  he  was  generally 
clear  and  pertinent — his  manner  interesting, 
accompanied  with  an  evidence  of  divine  an 
thority — he  was  sound  in  the  Scripture  doc 
trines  of  the  means  of  salvation,  by  our  Lord 
and  Saviour,  Jesus  Christ,  who  gave  himself 
for  us,  that  He  might  redeem  us  from  all 
iquity:  which  doctrines  he  often  enforced  and 
illustrated  in  his  public  communications. 

He  was  for  many  years  the  teacher  of 
Lynn  Preparative  Meeting  Schools,  in  which 
capacity  he  was  very  serviceable,  and  took 
great  delight  to  instruct  the  tender  mind  in 
the  ways  of  religion  and  virtue  ;  the  sweet  re 


membrance  of  whose  pious  care  is  still  fresh 
in  many  of  our  minds.  His  labors  in  the 
ministry  have  been  extensive,  having  made 
several  religious  visits  to  Friends  and  others 
in  the  eastern,  middle,  southern  and  western 
States,  where  he  was  cordially  received,  as  is 
amply  testified  by  numerous  extracts  from 
the  records  of  those  meetings.  His  last  jour- 
ney to  the  middle  and  western  States,  was  in 
tin'  years  182 1  and  '26,  and  the  recollection 
of  the  full  expression  of  unity  and  S3Tmpatby 
with  him  in  his  prospect  on  that  occasion, 
recalls  the  circumstances  under  which  we 
parted  with  peculiar  sensibility  ;  the  feeble 
state  of  his  health  scarcely  warranted  a  rea- 
sonable expectation  we  should  meet  again  in 
time,  added  to  the  sufferings,  which  at  that 
time  we  bad  to  bear,  rendered  separation  par- 
ticularly trying.  From  this  journey  he  was 
favored  to  return  with  satisfactory  testimoni- 
als from  the  various  places  where  his  gospel 
labors  had  been  extended,  of  which  religious 
visit  and  the  kindness  of  friends  and  others. 
in  those  places,  he  has  often  spoken  with 
grateful  remembrance. 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "  The  Fnend." 

Spain — Her  Laws  and  Religion. 

The  lively  and  graphic  sketches  of  Spain 
and  its  people  by  G.  Pitt  which  have  appeared 
in  -  The  Friend."  may  be  properly  supple- 
mented by  some  observations  by  Henry  Day, 
a  recent  traveller  in  that  great  peninsula. 

It  reaches  to  a  more  southern  latitude  than 
any  other  part  of  Europe.  Cadiz  and  Malaga 
lie  as  far  south  as  Tunis,  and  have  an  African 
limate  and  productions.  Its  area  is  about 
75,000  square  miles,  four  times  as  large  as 
the  State  of  New  York;  and  the  population 
about  sixteen  and  one-half  millions. 

The  central  part  of  Spain  lies  on  a  high 
plateau  from  two  to  three  thousand  feet  above 
the  sea.  and  this  is  reached  generally  by 
travelling  sixty  or  eighty  miles  back  from 
the  coast.  There  are  seven  distinct  chains 
of  mountains,  with  a  general  dip  towards  the 
west.  Along  the  plains  and  valleys  between 
these  mountains  run  the  six  principal  rivers, 
all,  excepting  the  Ebro,  emptying  into  the 
Atlantic.  Most  of  them,  being  rapid  moun 
tain  streams,  are  of  no  great  use  for  com 
mercial  purposes,  excepting  the  Tagus  and 
Douro,  the  mouths  of  which  belong  to  Po 
tugal. 

The  high  central  table-lands,  out  of  which 
the  mountains  rise,  comprise  about  one-ha 
of  the  land  of  the  kingdom.  They  are  di 
nuded  of  trees,  except  where  the  olive  groves 
abound  in  the  southern  part.  Cold,  damp 
and  wind-rent  in  winter,  they  arc  burned 
up  by  drought  in  summer.  Want  of  watei 
is*  the  great  drawback  to  this  part  of  Spain. 
The  average  rain-fall  during  the  year  at 
Madrid,  the  centre  of  this  plateau,  is  only 
twelve  inches.  Here  are  no  fields  of  grass, 
but  the  soil,  where  it  can  be  irrigated,  or 
when  the  season  has  sufficient  rain,  produces 
excellent  grain.  In  the  streets  of  Madrid, 
the  trees  are  connected  by  trenches,  and  a 
small  depression  is  made  around  each  for 
artificial  irrigation,  without  which  they  will 
not  live. 

The  narrower  valleys  which  can  be  watered 
from  the  melting  snows  of  the  mountains, 
and  the  lower  lands  along  the  coast,  are  in 
perfect  contrast  with  the  bare  plains  of  the 
interior.    They  present  a  picture  of  an  earthly 


paradise.  Here  are  found  the  orange,  fig, 
pomegranate,  grape,  palm,  almond,  sugar- 
cane, mulberry,  citron  and  olive. 

Along  the  coast  the  heat  of  summer  is  gene- 
rally very  great,  but  the  climate  is  warm 
spring-like  all  winter,  when  the  grain  is 
green,  the  oranges  ripening,  and  roses  bloom- 
ng.  The  houses  of  the  people  have  no  fire- 
places. When  it  is  particularly  cold,  the 
people  have  a  pan  of  charcoal,  called  a  brazier, 
set  on  the  floor,  in  a  wooden  frame,  which 
gives  out  a  gentle  heat  for  a  long  time,  enabling 
them  to  keep  the  feet  warm,  and  tempering 
the  chilliness  of  the  room.  The  poor  people 
have  no  such  luxury,  even,  as  this.  In  the 
ower  stories  of  their  stone  houses  the  damp- 
ness and  cold  are  penetrating,  and  you  will 
see  the  people  in  houses  wrapped  in  cloaks. 
Little  children  look  chilled,  and  it  is  common 
to  hear  a  cough,  showing  that  pulmonary 
liseases  prevail.  As  the  hot  season  is  the 
ongest  and  severest,  the  houses  and  streets 
are  built  with  reference  to  keeping  out  the 
heat  of  summer.  The  people  depend  on  the 
sun.  in  winter,  for  warmth.  You  will  often 
see  women  and  children  ranged  along  by  a 
wall  in  the  sun,  much  as  we  would  gather 
ixround  a  fire. 

Formerly  there  were  fourteen  different 
political  divisions  in  Spain,  more  or  less  inde- 
pendent of  each  other,  such  as  Leon,  Navarre, 
the  two  Castiles,  Catalonia.  &c.  having  dif- 
ferent rulers  and  different  laws,  and  hence  in 
many  respects  the  people  of  these  different 
provinces  differ  in  character,  customs  and 
language. 

The  Castiles  embrace  the  largest  and  cen- 
tral portion  of  Spain.  They  were  so  named 
from  the  number  of  their  castles  in  olden 
times.  Never  being  thoroughly  subdued  by 
the  Moors,  al  ways  loyal  to  the  Catholic  Church, 
its  great  champions  against  the  Moslem  in- 
vader, they  are  the  aristocracy  of  Spain,  tho 
descendents  of  the  old  Goths,  and  of  the 
knights  and  warriors  who,  under  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  expelled  the  Moors.  They  cling 
to  their  gloomy  plains  with  the  devotion  of 
ancient  chivalry. 

The  Catalans  on  the  northeast  part  of 
Spain,  are  more  industrious,  active  and  com- 
mercial in  their  habits.  They  have  been 
merchants  from  the  days  of  the  Phoenicians. 
Andalusia,  in  the  southwestern  part,  is 
the  garden  of  Spain.  It  embraces  Cordova, 
Seville,  Cadiz  and  Gibraltar.  The  people 
are  more  fond  of  social  and  intellectual  pur- 
suits. They  have  more  of  the  manners,  cus- 
toms, character  and  blood  of  the  Moors  than 
the  Castilians.  Nature  is  so  prodigal,  the 
climate  so  benignant,  that  little  labor  sup- 
ports life.  A  little  oil,  garlic,  bread  and 
oranges  are  all  that  the  peasant  requires. 

Estremadura,  in  the  western  part,  is  thinly 
populated,  although  one  of  the  best-watered 
and  most  fertile  provinces.  It  is  given  up  to 
immense  herds  of  swine  and  sheep.  It  was 
once  highly  cultivated,  and  well  populated  by 
the  Moors,  but  when  they  were  expelled  it 
was  long  abandoned  to  wild  beasts,  until 
gradually  the  shepherds  of  Leon  and  the 
northern  provinces  brought  down  their  flocks 
in  winter,  to  feed  on  these  unclaimed  pastures, 
until  at  length  they  claimed  the  right  of 
pasturage  in  summer,  which  led  to  disputes 
between  them  and  the  residents.  This  right 
at  last  settled  into  a  law  called  the  Custom 
of  Mesta.  These  flocks  would  come  in  de- 
tachments of  10,000,  each  having  a  conductor, 


204 


THE    FRIEND. 


fifty  attendants,  and  fifty  dogs.     Some  of  th 
flocks  would  travel  500  miles.     By  the  law  ot 
the  Mesta  a  sheepwalk  of  ninety  paces  broad 
was  left  uninclosed  for  the  driving  and  feed 
ing  of  the  sheep. 

The  government  of  Spain  is  administered 
by  the  King  and  the  Cortes — or  Parliament, 
which  is  composed  of  two  bodies.  The  Cortes 
is  an  ancient  feature  of  Spanish  history. 
Down  to  the  time  of  Charles  V.,  the  Cortes, 
composed  of  the  three  estates — the  nobles 
the  clergy  and  the  representatives  of  the 
towns  —  insisted  on  the  right  to  elect  the 
king,  and  they  demanded  the  oath  from  him 
Upon  the  election  of  a  king,  he  was  ad- 
dressed by  the  President  of  the  Cortes,  who 
remained  covered,  in  these  words  :  "  We,  who 
each  is  as  good  as  you,  and  who  together, 
are  greater  than  you,  make  you  our  King  on 
condition  that  you  preserve  our  privileges 
and  liberties;  if  not,  no." 

In  some  respects,  Spain  resemblestbefederal 
government  of  the  United  States.  There  are 
49  provinces  each  of  which  has  a  provincial 
legislature  and  a  civil  government.  Each 
province  has  had  from  time  immemorial  cer- 
tain local  rights,  called  fueros,  relating  to  free- 
dom from  taxation  and  privileges  of  that  kind, 
which  they  have  fought  to  preserve  for  centu- 
ries. These  provincial  assemblies  administer 
their  own  local  laws  and  also  such  laws  passed 
by  the  central  government  as  the}'  are  sub- 
ject to.  The  effort  of  the  central  government 
is  to  destroy  all  these  privileges,  so  far  as 
they  render  taxation  unequal  ;  but  the  dif- 
ferent provinces  maintain  their  fueros  with 
great  tenacity.  In  criminal  trials  a  jury  sits 
with  the  judge  ;  but  the  attempt  made  to  in- 
troduce trial  by  jury  in  civil  cases  has  been 
strenuously  resisted  by  the  people  themselves, 
on  the  ground  that  the}'  are  not  willing  to 
give  their  time  to  settle  other  men's  quarrels. 

Spain  has  been,  and  probably  now  is,  one 
of  the  most  priest-ridden  of  all  the  kingdoms 
of  Europe,  though  it  has  made  considerable 
progress  in  ridding  itself  of  the  priestly  yoke. 
In  1833  there  were  connected  with  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  including  monks  and  nuns, 
175,000  persons,  or  one  to  about  ninety-five 
inhabitants.  In  1836  the  convents  were  sup- 
pressed, and  now  the  prelates  and  priests 
have  been  reduced  to  less  than  40,000  persons, 
or  about  one  to  four  hundred  of  the  popu- 
lation. The  established  religion  is  Eoman 
Catholic;  but  there  has  been  a  great  change 
since  the  days  of  the  Inquisition,  which  in 
Spain  alone  burned  3,4G0  persons  alive  and 
imprisoned  288,000  between  the  years  1481 
and  1808,  when  it  was  abolished  by  Napoleon. 
Now  the  Constitution  ordains,  that,  "no  per- 
son shall  be  molested  for  his  religious  opinions, 
nor  for  the  exercise  of  bis  particular  worship," 
although  "no  other  ceremonies  nor  mani- 
festations in  public  will  be  permitted  than 
those  of  the  religion  of  the  State." 

The  impression  left  on  the  mind,  after  visit- 
ing all  the  cathedrals  of  Spain  is,  that  the 
worship  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  or  rather  of  her 
image,  is  the  real  religion  of  the  masses.  The 
people  have  been  taught  for  ages,  that  if  they 
want  mercy,  love  and  sympathy,  tiny  must 
go  to  her.  Hence,  in  their  minds,  she  takes 
the  place  of  the  Mediator,  and  to  her  their 
prayers  are  hugely  offered.  This  feeling  ex- 
plains such  facts,  as  that  011,000  persons  annu- 
ally go  on  pilgrimage!  to  Montserrat,  to  pray 
before  a  noted  image  of  the  Virgin,  made  of 
black  wood,  holding  a  child  in  her  Ian,  and  a 


I  pall  in  her  right  hand.  H.  Day  says:  "  When 
we  were  there,  one  poor  creature,  an  old 
woman,  arrived  on  foot  from  Naples,  and 
peasant  women  from  the  country,  with  some 
burden  on  their  hearts,  had  come  to  get  re- 
lief from  the  holy  mother.  When  our  party 
were  admitted  to  the  gallery  where  the  Virgin 
was,  these  poor  creatures  pressed  in,  and  it 
was  a  sight  which  brought  tears  to  the  eyes 
to  see  them  weeping,  cfasp  the  Virgin's  feet 
and  tell  their  sorrows  and  supplicate  her  help." 


SHARES. 

My  home  is  humble,  neat  and  plain, 
No  servant  rules  my  small  domain; 
It  is  my  joy  to  serve  my  own, 
And  let  their  love  my  labors  crown. 

My  neighbor's  home  is  rich  and  grand 
With  luxuries  from  every  land; 
Her  carriage  stands  before  her  gate, 
And  servants  at  her  bidding  wait. 

Yet  oft  she  comes  to  sit  with  me, 
And  seek  my  ready  sympathy 
For  cares  that  hold  her  heart  in  thrall, 
And  griefs  she  does  not  tell  to  all. 

In  many  ways  we  blend  our  lives; 
I  often  share  her  carriage-drives, 
Or  feast  my  beauty-loving  heart 
Amid  her  treasured  gems  of  art. 

I  often  sit  beside  her  board 

With  costly  dainties  richly  stored, 

Where  silver  bright  and  china  rare 

And  choicest  flowers  are  grouped  with  care. 

I  share  the  pleasures  of  her  wealth 
Without  the  cares  that  mar  her  health, 
And  love  my  friend,  yet  envy  not 
The  wealth  and  splendor  of  her  lot. 

She  takes  a  cup  of  fragrant  tea 
And  eats  a  simple  roll  with  me, 
And  says  her  rich  and  varied  food 
Has  never  tasted  half  so  good. 

She  shares  the  peacefulness  and  rest 
With  which  my  lowly  home  is  blest, 
Without  the  close  economies 
That  in  my  daily  toils  arise. 

The  busy  years  go  crowding  by, 
And  still  my  wealthy -friend  and  I 
In  one  another's  blessings  share, 
And  lighten  each  the  other's  care. 

— S.  A.  fiisbee,  in  Golden  Ruk. 


vent  tents  or  the  custom  of  living  in  them, 
would  be  called  the  father  not  only  of  tents, 
but  also  of  tent-dwelling;  indeed,  the  Arabs 
call  a  person  distinguished  for  any  peculiarity 
the  father  of  it.  Thus  a  man  with  a  long 
beard  is  named,  father  of  a  beard  ;  and  I  have 
often  heard  myself  called,  father  of  a  sauce- 
pan, because  tbe  boys  in  the  street  fancied 
that  my  hat  resembled  that  black  article  of 
kitchen  furniture. —  IF.  M.  Thomson  in  The 
Land  and  The  Book. 


Selected. 

WHO  SHALL  ROLL  AWAY  THE  STONE? 

What  poor  weeping  ones  were  saying 

Eighteen  hundred  years  ago, 
We,  the  same  weak  faith  betraying, 

Say  in  our  sad  hours  of  woe  ; 
Looking  at  some  trouble  lying 

In  the  dark  and  dread  unknown, 
We,  too,  often  ask  with  sighing, 

"  Who  shall  roll  away  the  stone?" 

Thus  with  care  our  spirits  crushing, 

When  they  might  from  care  he  tree 
And  in  joyous  song  outgushing, 

Kise,  with  rapture,  Lord  to  thee — 
For  before  the  way  was  ended, 

Oft  we've  had  with  joy  to  own, 
Angels  have  from  heaven  descended, 

And  have  rolled  away  the  stone. 
Many  a  storm-cloud  sweeping  o'er  us, 

Never  pours  on  us  its  rain  ; 
Many  a  grief  we  see  before  us, 

Never  comes  to  cause  us  pain  ; 
Oft-times  in  the  feared  to-morrow 

Sunshine  comes— the  cloud  has  flown — 
Ask  not,  then,  in  foolish  sorrow, 

"  Who  shall  roll  away  the  stone?" 

The  Bible  says,  that  "Jabal  was  the  father 
of  such  as  dwell  in  tents  and  of  such  as  have 
altle."  That  Biblical  form  of  expression  is 
still  common.     Any  one  who  should  now  iu- 


Problems  in  Human  Nature. 

Abundant  are  the  proofs  that  human  nsl 
ture  is  difficult  to  manipulate;  that  methods 
apparently  the  most  rational  disappoint  ex- 
pectation ;  and  that  the  best  results  frequently 
arise  from  courses  which  common  sense  thinks 
unpractical.  Even  individual  human  nature 
shows  us  these  startling  anomalies.  If  some- 
thing is  to  be  done,  the  man  of  leisure  cannot 
find  time,  and  the  man  who  is  already  busy 
is  tbe  one  most  likely  to  do  what  is  wanted. 
That  the  boy  who  studies  longest  will  learn 
the  most,  and  that  a  man  will  become  wise  in 
proportion  as  he  reads  much,  are  propositions 
which  look  true,  but  are  quite  untrue.  How 
obvious  it  appears  that  when  minds  go  de- 
ranged, there  is  no  remedy  but  replacing  tbe 
weak  internal  control  by  a  strong  external 
control !  Yet  the  "  non-restraint  system"  has 
had  far  more  success  than  the  system  of  strait- 
waistcoats.  Dr.  Tuke,  a  physian  of  much 
experience  in  treating  the  insane,  testifies 
that  the  desire  to  escape  is  great  when  locks 
and  keys  arc  used,  hut  almost  disappears 
when  they  are  disused  ;  the  policy  of  unlocked 
doors  has  had  95  per  cent,  of  success  and  five 
per  cent,  of  failure.  Again,  would  it  not  be 
reasonable  to  conclude  that  tbe  repression  of 
crime  will  be  effectual  in  proportion  as  the, 
punishment  is  severe?  Yet  the  great  amel- 
ioration in  the  penal  code  of  England  has  not 
been  followed  by  increased  crime,  but  by  de- 
creased crime.  French  schoolmasters  never 
questioning  the  belief  that  boys  can  be  made 
to  behave  well  only  by  rigid  discipline  and 
spies  to  aid  in  carrying  it  out,  are  astonished 
on  visiting  England  to  find  how  much  better 
boys  behave  when  they  are  less  governed. 
We  habitually  assume  that  only  by  legal  re- 
straints are  men  to  be  kept  from  aggressing 
ion  their  neighbors.  Yet  so-called  debts  of 
honor,  for  the  non-pa3'ment  of  which  there  is 
no  legal  penalty,  are  held  more  sacred  than 
debts  that  can  be  legally  enforced  ;  and  on  the 
iStock-Exchange,  where  only  pencil  memo- 
randa in  the  respective  note-books  of  two 
brokers  guarantee  the  sale  and  purchase  of 
.man}-  thousands,  contracts  are  safer  than 
those  which,  in  theoutsidc  world,  are  formally 
registered  in  signed  and  sealed  parchments. 

it',  going  beyond  our  own  society  and  our 


own  time,  we  observe  what  has  happened  else- 
where, we  meet,  at  every  step,  workings  out 
of  human  nature  utterly  unlike  those  which 
wo  assume.  Who,  from  the  experience  of  his 
daily  life,  would  suppose  that  men  would 
swing  for  hours  from  hooks  drawn  through 
the  muscles  of  their  backs,  or  let  their  naUs 
grow  through  the  palms  ot'  their  clinched 
hands,  or  roll  over  and  over  hundreds  of  milos 
to  visit  a  shrine,  as  among  the  Hindoo  devo- 
tees? Who  would  have  thought  it  possible 
that  a  public  sentiment  and  a  private  feeling 
might  be  as  in  China,  where  a  criminal  can 
buy  a  substitute  to  lie  executed  in  his  stead: 


THE    FRIEND. 


205 


he  substitute's  family  having  the  money. 
Vho  could  have  imagined  that  robber-kings 
,nd  bandit-barons,  with  vassals  to  match, 
vould,  generation  after  generation,  have  tra- 
■ersed  all  Europe  through  hardships  and 
langers,  to  risk  their  lives  in  getting  posses- 
ion of  the  burial  place  of  one  whose  injunc- 
ion  was,  to  turn  the  left  cheek  when  the 
ight  was  smitten  ?  Or  who,  again,  would 
lavo  anticipated,  that,  although  this  teacher 
vhen  in  Jerusalem  disclaimed  all  political 
Jms  and  instrumentalities;  yet  the  professed 
uccessors  of  his  disciples  would  by-and-by 
lecome  rulers  dominating  over  all  the  kings 
if  Europe?  Such  a  result  could  be  as  little 
breseen  as  it  could  be  foreseen  that  an  in- 
trument  of  torture  used  by  the  Jews  would 
;ivc  the  ground-plan  to  Christian  temples 
hroughout  Europe. — Selected. 


For  "The  Friend.' 


A  Visit  to  a  Prison. 


apartment,  and  asking  an  official  if  he  were 
at  leisure  to  conduct  us  round,  "You  know 
where  to  go  and  we  know  you,"  said  be,  "you 
and  your  friends  are  at  liberty  in  here  to  go 
where  you  please  and  to  talk  with  our  men 
as  you  wish.''  We  were  soon  scattered  among 
the  different  wards,  shaking  hands  and  eon- 
versing  with  the  poor  fellows  as  they  stood 
at  the  iron  doors  of  their  stone  houses.  When 
this  interview  was  over  it  was  really  very 
interesting  to  us  all  to  hear  each  other  relate 
what  came  under  their  notice.  Home  of  the 
prisoners  appeared  to  shrink  from  observa- 
tion, but  by  far  the  greater  part  of  those 
whom  I  saw  eagerly  thrust  the  hand  through 
the  iron  door  and  grasped  mine  as  thai  of  an 
old  friend.  Some  would  plead  their  innocence  ; 
while  others  confessed  that  their  confinement 
was  just,  and  no  more  than  they  deserved. 
One  poor  fellow  warmly  thanked  me  for  this 
visit;  to  which  I  replied,  that  I  was  not  de- 
servingany  thanksforit.  "Oh  sir, "exclaimed 
he,  "you  tail  to  realize  the  good  it  does  us  to 
have  a  man  speak  to  us  as  you  spoke  to-day. 
se  preachers  of  ours,  that  come  in  hero  at 
id  limes,  are  paid  for  it  ;  and  they  have 
r  sermon   written   down,  and   they  stand 


Th 


A  few  months  ago  it  was  the  privilege  of 

e  writer  to  visit  the  State  prison  located  at 
Lnamossa,  in  Jones  county,  Iowa,  in  company 
pith  a  female  minister,  who  was  religiously 
[rawn  to  visit  this  institution.     I   had   been 

everal  times  within  that  enclosure  on  similar  before  us  and  speak  or  read  it  off,  and  we  fail 
iccasions,  yet  I  never  before  felt  so  deep  anito  realize  that  there  is  an}-  heart-felt,  feeling 
nterest  in  its  inmates  of  every  class,  both 'work  in  it  ;  but  you  had  nothing  written,  and 
lond  and  free.  Much  credit  is  due  to  the! we  realize  that  what  you  said  came  from 
varden  and  his  attendants,  for  the  care  that  your  heart,  and  it  did  us  good."  As  I  was 
3  taken  for  the  moral  and  religious  improve-  about  to  pass  on,  "  come  and  see  us  often,"  he 
uent  of  the  unfortunate  inmates  of  that  insti-  said,  "and  never  fail  to  call  on  me  here." 
ution,  as  well  as  for  their  physical  comfort.  My  heart  yearned  for  him.  One  poor  fellow 
Sevoral  of  the  relatives  and  personal  friends  sent  for  me  to  come  to  his  cell,  lie  told  me 
f  the  minister  went  with  us  ;  and  admission  much  of  his  history  ;  said  he  deserved  all  the 
laving  been  kindly  granted,  we  were  politely  I  punishment  that  he  was  getting,  and  that  he 
scorted  to  the  door  of  the  chapel,  where  the  hoped  to  come  out  of  there  a  better  man  ; 


irisoners  were  assembled  for  devotional  pur- 
loses.  Seats  were  given  us  in  front  of  the 
udience,  and  in  accordance  with  the  wish 
f  my  friend,  the  usual  routine  of  perform- 
,nces  was  gone  through  with.  Information 
vas  then  given  that  the  further  religious 
ervices  were  left  with  Friends. 

Strength  was  given  her  to  plead  with  those 
vssembled,  in  a  manner  that  produced  tender- 
less  in  some  ;  and  a  petition  was  offered  to 
he  throne  of  Grace  on  their  behalf.  Testi-j 
aony  was  afterwards  borne  to  the  goodness 
f  God  towards  us,  through  Christ  Jesus,  the 
ion  and  Sent  of  the  Father. 

When  the  meeting  closed,  the  visitors  were 
onducted  by  the  deputy  warden  to  the  dining 
oom,  where  more  than  200  men  dressed  in 
Inform  were  presently  seated  at  tables.  After 
hearty  dinner  of  meat,  vegetables  and  bread 
|vas  consumed,  each  was  provided  with  a 
imp  of  bread  and  meat  or  pie  to  carry  with 
iui  into  his  cell,  to  be  eaten  at  leisure,  as 
jey  were  not  to  be  released  from  close  con- 
nement  until  the  following  morning.  When 
dl  were  done  eating  they  were  ordered  to 
heir  cells,  squad  by  squad.  This  was  done 
y  the  deputy  dropping  the  end  of  his  heavy 
vard  staff  on  the  floor.  Each  squad  was 
bllowed  by  an  official,  who,  by  means  of  a 
ever,  closes  the  doors  of  a  whole  row  of  cells 
it  one  motion.  The  cells  are  arranged  tier 
ibove  tier,  in  a  large  stone  building,  three  or 
bur  stories  high.  They  are  all  of  solid  stone 
nasonry,  with  heavy  iron  grating  doors;  but 
nstead  of  being  dismal,  dark  and  damp  holes 
n  the  wall,  each  is  a  well-lighted  room,  so 
■hat  the  inmate  can  see  to  read,  for  which, 
dl  have  the  opportunity,  and  the  air  seemed 
Iry  and  pleasantly  warm.     On  entering  this 


thereof,  with  a  single  eye  to  the  Lord  for 
direction,  we  believe  He  will  point  out  the 
proper  place  and  mode  for  his  children  to 
'provide  things  honest  in  the  sight  of  all 
men,'  and  to  serve  Him  according  to  his 
blessed  will,  in  doing  which  they  will  partake 
of  true  peace  and  the  right  enjoyment  of 
the  things  of  this  life." 


and  he  wanted  to  engage  me  to  be  his  friend 
when  he  might  get  his  liberty. 

The  Friend  on  whose  account  this  visit 
was  made,  felt  her  mind  relieved  of  the  con- 
cern that  had  rested  on  it ;  and,  it  is  to  be 
hoped,  that  it  was  a  day  of  instruction  both 
to  the  visited  and  to  the  visitors. 

_  W.  P.  D. 

At  a  Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia,  held  4th 

mo.,  1853. 

"  It  affords  satisfaction  that  for  the  purpose 
of  acquiring  a  trade  or  business,  the  children 
of  our  members  are  so  generally  placed  within 
the  pale  of  the  Society,  but  a  fear  has  attended  ; 
the  minds  of  Friends  respecting  the  exposure 
to  evil  company  and  the  danger  of  forming 
corrupt  habits,  to  which  young  men  are  sub- 
jected at  boarding  houses,  where  they  are' 
without  the  counsel  and  proper  restraints  of 
judicious  caretakers.  The  preservation  of 
their  principles  and  morals  is  of  the  first' 
moment  to  our  beloved  young  Friends,  para-' 
mount  to  all  the  advantages  of  trade,  and  to 
any  sacrifice  they  can  make,  in  choosing  a 
business,  which  may  afford  comparatively  a: 
small  profit,  where  the  liability  to  evil  in- 
fluences is  not  so  great.  When  this  choice  is' 
about  to  be  made,  it  calls  for  the  serious  con- 
sideration of  the  young  people  and  their 
parents  or  guardians,  particularly  before  de- 
ciding to  come  from  the  country  into  a 
populous  city  where  snares  and  temptations 
abound,  of  which  they  may  yet  be  wholly! 
ignorant,  but  which  if  they  are  exposed  to 
them  may  lay  waste  their  moral  standing  and 
even  jeopardize  the  salvation  of  the  soul.1 
Where  there  is  an  honest  desire  to  seek  first | 
the  kingdom  of  God  and  the  righteousness 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

"  No  malaria  in  our  neighborhood." — It  is  a 
curious  fact  that  local  pride  tends  to  prevent 
men  everywhere  from  admitting  the  presence 
of  causes  of  ill-health  in  their  own  soil  or  cli- 
mate, and  so  men  always  and  everywhere 
bad  been  looking  for  the  cause  of  these  fevers 
in  every  thing  else  but  in  the  real  one — the 
soil  on  which  they  dwelt  and  the  air  which 
the}-  breathed.  This  had  a  signal  illustration 
at  the  time  when,  in  every  part  of  the  present 
century,  the  British  troops  in  Walcheren  were 
suffering  from  malarial  fever  to  a  degree  al- 
most unprecedented  in  the  annals  of  warfare. 
Sir  Gilbert  Blanc  relates  that,  notwithstand- 
ing almost  every  adult  among  the  lower 
classes  had  suffered  from  intermittent  fever 
in  the  course  of  his  life,  they  yet  would  not 
believe  that  their  beloved  birth-place  was  un- 
healthy, while  persons  of  education,  and  even 
medical  men,  denied  indignantly  that  their 
country  was  less  healthy  than  any  other;  and 
attributed  the  sickness  which  raged  among 
the  troops  to  trivial  circumstances  of  diet  and 
habits,  and  not  to  any  insalubrity  of  the  air. 
The  same  feeling  was  manifested  among  the 
natives  of  the  pestilential  plains  of  Estrema- 
dura,  when,  during  the  Peninsula  campaigns 
against  Napoleon,  the  British  troops  encamp- 
ing thereon  suffered  from  remittent  fevers  of 
such  destructive  malignity  that  the  enemy, 
and  all  Europe,  believed  they  were  extirpated. 
The  natives  would  not  admit  that  there  was 
any  thing  unwholesome  in  the  air,  and  de- 
clared that  they  had  all  been  poisoned  by  eat- 
ing mushrooms.  No  one  can  have  failed  to 
notice  the  same  tendenc}'  in  people  now-a- 
days.  No  one  is  willing  to  admit  that  the 
particular  spot  where  be  dwells  is  malarious, 
although  he  may  freely  assert  that  in  some 
other  place,  not  far  distant,  perhaps,  malaria 
is  undeniably  prevalent. 

Flaxseed  in  Household  Medicine. — Yester- 
day one  of  the  boys  came  in  from  a  walk 
through  the  fields,  with  the  rather  alarming 
announcement  that  he  had  a  barley-head  or 
wild  oat  in  his  eye.  The  eye  looked  red  and 
inflamed,  and  could  not  be  touched  without 
pain.  Several  ineffectual  attempts  were  made 
to  remove  the  substance,  whatever  it  might 
be,  by  drawing  the  upper  lid  back,  ami  using 
a  soft  handkerchief.  But  the  cause  of  the 
trouble  could  not  be  reached  ;  it  had  fixed 
itself  firmly  at  the  back  of  the  eyelid.  Just 
then  I  remembered  a  hint  given  in  some 
article  on  accidents;  and,  acting  upon  it,  a 
single  flaxseed  was  slipped  into  the  corner  of 
the  eye,  under  the  upper  lid,  and  allowed  to 
remain  there  for  about  ten  minutes.  Another 
effort  was  then  made  to  remove  the  intruder, 
and  with  perfect  success.  It  proved  to  be  a 
grain  of  wild  oat,  with  a  long,  needle-like 
point.  Lubricated  by  the  flaxseed,  it  slipped 
out  with  ease,  and  in  a  few-  minutes  the  pain 
had  entirely  ceased,  and  the  eye  soon  recov- 
ered its  natural  appearance. — Scientific  Prets. 

Queer  Tastes. — The  writer  himself  met  with 
an  individual  whom  the  noisome  smell  of  the 


200 


THE    FRIEND. 


sulphuretted  hydrogen  gratified  and  pleased. 
His  explanation  was  that  many  of  his  hap- 
piest days  were  spent  as  a  student  in  a  well- 
known  chemical  laboratory,  where  certainly 
that  smell  prevailed  to  an  unusual  extent.  A 
kindred  smell,  namely,  that  of  rotten  eggs,  is 
highly  appreciated  by  the  Chinese  ;  but  this, 
of  course,  is  rather  a  cultivated  preference 
than  one  due  to  association.  Similarly,  asa- 
foetida  and  valerian  are  the  delight  of  many 
Eastern  nations.  A  French  author  tells  us 
of  a  young  lady  who  loved  beyond  all  per- 
fumes the  smell  of  old  books.  Perhaps,  with 
affectionate  solicitude,  she  had  been  the  con- 
stant attendant  upon  some  old  bookworm  of 
a  father  or  guardian,  and  hence  the  leathery 
mustiness  took  her  back  to  the  days  when, 
quiet!}'  happy,  she  seemed  to  recognize  in  the 
dusty  tomes  living  and  trusty  friends. — Cham- 
bers' Journal. 

Red  Sunsets. — -These  appearances  which 
excited  so  much  interest  in  many  parts  of 
America,  during  last  autumn,  were  observed 
about  the  same  period  in  other  parts  of  the 
world.  A  writer  from  Naples  says  that  in 
the  evening  the  sky  became  decked  with  a 
roseate  or  even  blood  color.  Another  from 
Geneva  describes  the  sun  as  setting  in  a  cloud- 
less sky,  and  immediately  afterward  the  west- 
ern heavens  were  aflame  with  a  golden  light, 
which  gradually  became  a  glowing  crimson. 
The  official  report  from  Adelaide  Observatory 
in  South  Australia,  states  that  during  the 
Tenth  month  and  the  latter  half  of  the  Ninth, 
the  setting  of  the  sun  was  followed  by  a  red 
glow,  "  becoming  mo 


the  whole  western  sky  will  be  lit  up  with  a  h 
beautiful  light,  varying  in  color  from  a  deli- 
cate pink  to  a  most  intense  scarlet." 

In  an  article  published  recently  in  the  New 
York  Post,  the  writer  leaned  to  the  notion 
that  "cosmic  dust"  is  really  the  cause  of  the 


of  [Ninth  month]  snowstorms  commenced. 
Peter  writes  that  he  left  the  cabin  with  his 
report  and  vouchers  ready  for  mailing,  an 
overcoat  belonging  to  one  of  the  men  and  a 
gunny  sack  filled  with  clothing,  and  all  strap- 
ped together  on  his  back,  all  in  order — and 
then  "  I  had  gotten  100  feet  above  the  cabin 
when  a  snow-slide  turned  loose,  knocking  me 
instantly  from  the  trail.  For  the  first 400  or 
500  feet  I  struck  the  ground  but  four  or  five 
times — and  my  last  fall  from  the  top  of  a 
precipice  to  its  bottom  was  about  120  feet. 
It  seemed  incredible  that  I  could  have  tum- 
bled down  three  successive  precipices  without 
being  killed,  but  everything  was  in  my  favor. 
The  pack  I  was  carrying,  and  the  snow  I 
went  down  with,  helped  to  break  1113-  fall.  I 
am  badly  bruised  about  the  hips  and  body, 
but  with  rest  and  a  lower  altitude  the  doctor 
thinks  I  will  come  out  all  right  in  a  month 
or  so." 

The  cliff  which  Peter  was  swept  from  has 
an  almost  perpendicular  height  of  1000  feet 
from  the  bottom  of  the  precipice,  and  it  was 
the  great  masses  of  snow  which  had  accumu- 
lated on  its  sides  that  broke  Peter's  fall  every 
100  feet,  and  then  went  on  down  with  him  to 
the  next  one. 

In  [First  month]  last  a  man  was  swept  off 
the  trail  by  an  avalanche  in  a  similar  manner, 
and  dropped  into  the  abyss  1000  feet  below, 
and  the  body  has  never  been  recovered. — 
Davenport  Gazette. 

Mow  Humbugging  Pays. — A  short  time  ago 
a  Parisian  doctor  set  up  an  establishment  in 

-    Faubourg  Montmartre.     He  assumed  a 


THE    FRIEND. 


SECOND  MONTH  2,  1884. 


h-sounding  name,  furnished  his  house  in  a 
weird  and  fantastic  fashion,  engaged  solemn 
looking  and  taciturn  servants  and  announced 
that  he. could  only  see  patients  after  the  hours 
of  midnight  or  in  the  gray  dawn  of  the  morn- 
ing.    The  effect  was  electrical.     Every  weak 


urid  sunsets.     He  says  :  "  That  such  dust  ex- 1  minded  person,  with  maladies  real  or  imagin- 


ists  and  has  been  found  is  well  known,  but 
how  much  or  little  its  presence  near  the  earth 
is  noticed  is  a  question  not  easily  determined. 
The  discoveries  of  Professor  Nordenskjold  in 
the  North  are  interesting.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  a  close  observer  of  dust  of  all 
kinds  that  has  fallen  upon  the  earth  in  rain 
or  snow;  and  it  was  his  good  fortune,  during 
his  expedition  in  the  Vega,  to  prove  bej-ond 
a  doubt  the  presence  of  cosmic  dust.  For 
many  years  we  have  been  assured  by  astrono- 
mers that  the  earth  was  being  bombarded,  as 
it  were  continually,  by  innumerable  meteors. 
The  moment  they  enter  our  domain,  we  ob- 
serve the  spectacle  of  their  ignition.  In  a 
moment  they  are  reduced  to  ashes,  and  the 
fine,  impalpable  dust  drops  slowly,  an  invisi- 
ble shower,  upon  the  earth.  When  such 
showers  are  intensified,  it  is  not  impossible 
that  some  outward  and  visible  phenomena 
may  be  the  result."  Other  observers  have 
believed  that  this  impalpable  dust  is  of  ter- 
restrial origin,  having  found  it  under  the  mi- 
croscope to  bo  largely  composed  of  vitreous 
matter,  closely  resembling  volcanic  glass. 
A  700-feet  Tumble  Over  Three  Precipices.  - 

dents  or  adventures  (hat  can  possibly  happen 
to  a  man  and  leave  life  in  him,  is  thai  experi- 
enced   by   Peter    I-'.  Gates.     Peter   dates   is 

Superintending  the  works  of  the  mine  of  the 

Gunnison  Mining  and  Exchange  Co.,  which 
is  in  Treasure  Mountain,  Gunnison  Co.,  Col. 
The  great  altitude  of  the  mine  brings  winter 
about  it  very  early.     As  early  as  the  middle 


ary,  flocked  to  the  new  medico,  who  soon  be 
gan  to  reap  a  golden  harvest.  At  last  the 
suspicions  of  the  police  were  aroused.  The 
Commissary  paid  him  a  personal  visit  and 
asked  to  see  his  diplomas.  To  his  surprise 
he  found  out  that  not  only  had  the  suspected 
individual  taken  good  degrees,  but  that  he 
had  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  at  the 
Paris  University.  Just  as  he  was  taking  his 
departure,  however,  the  doctor  entreated  him 
not  to  let  anyone  know  of  his  high  qualifica- 
tions. The  Commissary,  with  some  surprise, 
asked  him  the  reason  of  his  desire  to  conceal 
so  much  intellectual  light  under  a  bushel. 
"Why,"  replied  the  other,  "if  my  patients 
only  knew  that  I  was  a  mere  doctor,  my  prac- 
tice would  vanish  like  the  snow." — London 
Life. 

More  Fossil  Discoveries. — Fossil  tracks  and 
remains  of  great  interest  were  discovered  at 
the  Portland  quarries,  in  Connecticut.  Three 
large  blocks  of  freestone  were  taken  out  300 
feet  below  the  surface,  which  are  quite  soft, 
having  not  yet  become  hardened  from  expo- 
sure to  the  air.  On  the  upper  surface  of  two 
of  the  blocks  are  visible,  plainly  indented — 
some  of  them  a  half  an  inch  deep  and  sharply 
cut — the  footprints  of  birds  of  a  past  age. 
Some  are  large  and  some  are  small.  The 
third  block  has  the  fossilized  remains  of  a 
creature  that  in  shape  resembles  a  turtle.  It 
is  about  one  fool,  and  six  inches  wide,  octa- 
gonal in  shape,  and  oval  like  the  back  of  a 
turtle.  It  is  firmly  attached  to  the  rock,  and 
there  are  no  traces  of  legs. 


Many  of  our  readers  are  aware  that  a  trial 
before  the  law  courts  in  Canada  was  had  a 
few  months  ago,  to  determine  the  rights  of 
the  two  bodies  into  which  Friends  there  have 
been  divided,  as  to  the  possession  of  the  meet- 
ing-house and  grounds  at  West  Lake.  The 
decision  of  the  Judge  has  recently  been  given} 
and  as  the  subject  is  one  of  much  interest  to? 
the  members  of  our  Society  in  general,  wej< 
give  a  condensed  statement  of  the  case  and, 
of  the  grounds  on  which  the  judge  rests  his 
conclusions.  It  is  principally  drawn  from  a 
statement  published  in  the  Toronto  Daily 
Globe. 

The  suit  was  brought  by  Dorland  and] 
others,  representing  the  Progressive  party, 
against  Jones  and  others  representing  those 
who  abide  by  the  ancient  doctrines  and  disci- 
pline of  the  Society.  The  suit  turned  ora 
questions  of  doctrine  and  practice.  The  de 
fendants  contended  that  the  Progressives 
bad  introduced  the  following  practices,  which) 
J  are  contrary  to  the  usage  of  Society  : 

"(1)  Eeading  the   Scriptures  in   religion 
meetings. 
J      (2)  Singing  of  hymns  in  such  meetings. 

(3)  Holding  of  revival  meetings,  and  at 
such  meetings  calling  on  those  present  tOi 
speak,  to  relate  their  experiences,  to  pray,  to 
sing,  to  repeat  prayers  from  dictation,  to 
come  forward  to  a  mourners'  bench,  and 
generallj-  conducting  such  meetings  after 
manner  inconsistent  with  the  order  of  Friends' 
meetings. 

(4)  Acceptance  by  ministers  of  a  pecuniary' 
remuneration  for  the  exercise  of  their  office 
in  religious  services. 

(5)  The  holding  of  meetings  for  business 
in  joint  sessions,  and  doing  away  with  the 
dividing  partitions. 

(6)  Setting  up  pulpits  and  using  reading 
desks  and  musical  instruments  in  meeting 
houses. 

(7  )  The  appointment  of  elders  for  a  limited 
time  instead  of  during  life  or  good  behavior. 

(8)  The  appointment  and  maintenance  o: 
a  Pastoral  Committee  with  power  contrary* 
to  the  Discipline  of  1S59. 

(9)  Receiving  the  ministrations  of  minis- 
ters who  preached  unusual  doctrines  and  ac- 
cording them  returning  minutes,  and  joining 
in  and  countenancing  their  irregular  prac- 
tices. 

(10)  The  use  of  irreverent,  unbecoming,, 
and  improper  language  in  the  course  of  asr 
sumed  ministerial  vocal  service  in  meetings. 

(11)  Practising  the  relation  of  personal  ex- 
perience and  exaltation  in  meeting  at  will, 
instead  of  waiting  for  and  speaking  only  upon 
the  inspiration  of  the  Spirit. 

The  ancient  and  venerable  usages,  obsoi'i 
vances  and  ordinances  neglected  and  discon- 
tinued by  the  plaintiffs  are: 

(1)  The  disuse  of  the  dividing  partition  be- 
tween the  sexes  in  meetings  for  discipline. 

(2)  The  discontinuance  of  silent  waiting  for 
the  inspiration  of  the  Spirit  in  meeting,  and 
other  practices  involved  in  tin'  above." 

The  legal  rule  which  governs  the  Canadian  | 
Courts  in  such  a  case,  t  lie  decision  says,  "v 
laid  down  by  Lord  Eldon  in  a  very  celebrated 
case,  Craigdalho  v.  Aikman,  1  How,  1,  and  it 


THE    FRIEND. 


207 


s  this,  that  in  internal  controversies  respect- 
ng  l'igbts  to  church  property,  it  is  the  duty 
tf  the  court  to  decide  in  favor  of  those,  whetb- 
l'  a  minority  or  majority  of  the  congregation, 
vho  are  adhering  to  the  doctrine  professed 
>y  the  congregation  and  the  form  of  worship 
|  practice,  and  also  to  the  form  of  church 
Government  in  operation  in  the  church  with 
ehich  the  congregation  was  connected  at  the 
ime  the  trust  was  declared." 

In  applying  this  rule,  the  judge  assumes 
hat  the  discipline,  as  adopted  in  1859,  being 
hen  united  with  by  all  the  meetings  in  Can- 
da,  correctly  expresses  the  views  of  the  So- 
iety.  The  plaintiffs  having  adopted  another 
liscipline  in  1880,  it  is  incumbent  on  them  to 
how  that  it  does  not  vary  in  any  essential 
articular  from  the  former. 
"According  to  the  law  as  laid  down  by 
jord  Eldon,  the  identity  of  the  religious  body 
3  to  be  ascertained  by  identity  not  only  in 
loctrine,  but  in  the  form  of  worship  and  of 
hurch  government.  This  form  of  church 
overnment  will  include  also  matters  of 
iscipline — or  as  expressed  by  Mr.  Justice 
pong — the  form  of  government,  its  order 
nd  its  discipline. 

"  The  plaintiffs  are  what  is  known  as  '  Pro- 
gressives.' Some  of  the  witnesses  for  the 
lain  tiffs  stated  that  they  were  Progressives. 
|r.  Updegraff,  a  minister  belonging  to  Ohio 
learly  Meeting,  avowed  himself  a  Progres- 
Ive,  and  Mr.  Woodward,  a  minister  of  Canada 
parly  Meeting,  and  Mr.  Barker  also  a  min-l 
Iter  of  that  Yearly  Meeting,  and  superinten- 
ent  of  the  college  of  the  body  at  Pickering,  J 
greed  in  the  statement  of  the  doctrines  held 
y  the  body. 

j  "  In  the  discipline  of  1859  there  is  a  section  ! 
eaded  '  Days  and  Times.'  In  this  it  is  said 
aat  the  names  in  ordinary  use  of  the  days 
f  the  week  and  most  of  the  months  being'of 
lolatrous  origin,  contrary  to  the  practice  of  i 
ood  and  holy  men  in  former  ages,  are  repug- 
nant to  the  Christian  testimony  borne  by  our 
tithful  friends  and  predecessors  in  the  truth,  j 
)r  the  sake  of  which  they  patiently  endured 
lany  revilings.  Let  not  the  reproach  of  sin-' 
parity  turn  any  aside  from  the  simplicity 
f  the  Gospel,  in  denominating  the  months 
id  days  according  to  the  numerical  and 
priptural  way  of  expression.  It  then  speaks 
'fasts  and  holy  days,  and  that  our  members 
mnot  consistently  join  in  the  observance  of 
iem,  nor  conform  to  the  custom  of  illuminat- 
g  houses,  nor  do  an}'  mark  of  joy  for  victory 
pained  in  war,  or  for  any  other  occasion  of, 
.iblic  rejoicing.  It  states  also  that  they  do 
3t  consider  one  day  more  holy  than  another,  J 
at  agree  with  other  Christians  in  setting  j 
aart  one  day  in  the  week  for  public  worship 
ad  rest  from  temporal  business. 
"  This  is  altogether  omitted  from  the  revis- 
1  discipline.  It  cannot  be  said  that  these 
•e  matters  of  no  importance.  They  exercise 
i  important  influence  in  keeping  the  Friends 
parate  from  other  religious  societies  and 
om  the  world.  By  omitting  them  it  leaves 
optional  with  the  members  to  conform  in 
lese  particulars  to  the  customs  of  the  world, 
ad  thus  tends  to  destroy  the  distinctive  cha- 
pter of  the  body.  These  are  certainly  as 
lportant  as  the  question  arising  in  other  bo- 
es  whether  praise  should  be  vocal  or  instru- 
ental,  and  whether  Steinhold  and  Hopkins' 
jrsions  of  the  Psalms  should  alone  he  used, 
et  it  is  quite  clear  that  if  the  trust  had  been 
eated  with  express  reference  to  any  of  these 


matters  it  would  have  been  valid.  It  is 
equally  a  valid  limitation  when  tacitly  as- 
certained by  the  belief  and  practice  of  the 
body  when  the  trust  was  created. 

'•  The  learned  judge  goes  on  to  contrast  the 
Disciplines  of  1859  and  1880  upon  several 
points,  viz.,  'plainness  in  dress,  address,'  &c. ; 
1  concerning  the  resurrection  of  the  dead  ;' 
'appointment  of  elders  ;'  and  in  treating  of 
'  meetings  for  worship'  quotes  the  following- 
passage  from  the  Discipline  of  1S59 — 'It  is 
therefore  the  indispensable  duty  of  Friends, 
in  their  meetings  for  the  exercise  of  disci- 
pline, humbly  to  wait  for  Divine  influence, 
which  will  endue  with  patience,  and  qualify 
them  in  their  several  stations  and  movements, 
to  build  up  one  another  in  that  faith  which 
works  by  love  to  the  purifying  of  the  heart. 
This  passage  is  omitted  in  the  new  discip- 
line. 

"  '  This,'  says  his  lordship,  '  is  one  of  the 
alterations  which  seem  to  me  to  change  the 
order  of  the  Society;  the  injunction  to  wait 
humbly  for  the  Divine  influence  is  removed, 
and  Mr.  Woodward,  a  minister  and  a  witness 
for  the  plaintiffs,  while  he  says  there  is  no 
change  made  in  profession,  says  that  there  is 
a  quite  evident  change  in  practice — there  is 
less  silence  now.  It  is  a  removal  of  one  of 
the  distinctive  peculiarities  of  the  Friends' 
meetings,  and  1  think  the  evidence  shows 
that  some  of  the  ministers  belonging  to  the 
progressive  party  were  in  the  habit,  when 
officiating  at  Westlake,  to  begin  worship  at 
once  on  entering  the  meeting-house,  without 
waiting  for  the  Divine  influence  at  all  :  and 
saying  that  they  considered  one  anointing  of 
the  Spirit  sufficient,  they  were  always  full, 
they  did  not  need  repeated  anointings.' 

"  Other  points  of  contrast  dwelt  "upon  are 
'the  question  of  marriage  between  Friends 
and  persons  not  members  of  the  Society  ;' 
'the  (piestion  of  determining  questions  by 
the  majority;'  and  'a  free  Gospel  ministry, 
not  a  paid  clergy." 
******* 

"  If  we  now  call  up  the  idea  of  a  Quaker 
meeting  such  as  was  held  in  1821,  and  down 
to  18G1  at  least ;  the  members  of  the  Society, 
in  a  sober  and  perhaps  a  quaint  dress,  as- 
sembling in  the  meeting-house,  waiting  hum- 
bly and  reverently  tor  the  divine  influence  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  before  any  one  ventures  lo 
speak,  perhaps  wailing  in  vain  and  departing 
without  a  word  having  been  spoken,  no  read- 
ing of  the  Scriptures,  and  no  singing,  unless 
under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Spirit, 
with  no  pulpit  or  reading-desk  ;  and  contrast 
it  with  a  meeting  of  the  Progressives,  in  which 
the  minister  enters  the  meeting-house,  and 
finds  his  congregation,  as  he  may,  undis- 
tinguishable  by  dress  or  appearance  from  any 
other  bod}-  of  Christians,  and  without  waiting 
for  the  influence  of  the  Spirit,  or  after  a  very 
short  delay,  advancing  to  the  pulpit,  and 
reading  the  Scriptures,  as  an  ordinary  part 
of  worship,  and  singing  psalms  or  hymns  also 
as  an  ordinary  act  of  worship,  and  their  hold- 
ing revival  meetings,  unknown  at  the  time 
when  this  trust  was  created,  it  appears  to  me 
very  plain  that  the  progressive  body  is  not 
that  which  is  identical  with  the  body  for 
whom  the  trust  was  declared,  more  especially 
when  the  other  points  of  Church  order  and 
organization  that  I  have  already  spoken  of 
are  taken  into  account. 

"  The  defendants,  although  a  minority  of 
the  body,  have  kept  up  their  organization  of 


Preparative,  Monthly,  Quarterly  or  Four- 
monthly,  and  Yearly  Meetings." 

"The  contention  of  the  plaintiffs  in  regard 
to  several  of  the  practices  and  things  objected 
to  was  that  they  were  ouly  reviving  doctrines 
and  practices  the  seeds  and  origins  of  which 
they  had  discovered  in  the  writings  of  the 
founders  of  the  Society.  But  it  appeared  that 
these  doctrines  and  practices  had  not  been 
practised  for  about  150  years,  and  were  not 
the  common  belief  and  practice  of  Quakers  at 
the  time  this  property  was  acquired.  What 
I  have  to  ascertain  is,  what  were  the  doctrines 
believed,  and  the  form  and  mode  of  discipline 
and  church  government  at  this  latter  time, 
and  I  am  not  at  liberty  to  look  at  the  opinions 
of  the  founders  upon  these  topics  that  no 
longer  found  a  place  in  the  actual  belief  and 
practice  of  the  Quakers.  It  is  to  be  observed 
that  there  is  no  imputation  of  unsoundness 
in  the  faith  against  the  defendants,  and  tho 
only  ground  upon  which  the  plaintiffs  allege 
that  the  defendants  are  not  Friends,  seems  to 
be  that  they  have  opposed  the  plaintiffs,  and 
are  not  in  connection  with  nor  recognized  by 
any  of  the  Yearly  .Meetings  that  recognize 
the  plaintiffs." 

The  decision  with  which  the  opinion  closes 
is  as  follows : 

"I  think  upon  tho  whole,  therefore,  that 
the  plaintiffs'  case  fails,  and  their  action  is 
dismissed  with  costs,  and  on  tho  defendants' 
counter  claim  there  will  be  a  declaration  that 
the  defendants'  trustees,  John  Garratt,  Levi 
Bowerman  and  Amos  G.  Bowerman,  appoint- 
ed 19th  April,  1883,  hold  the  land  in  question 
in  trust  for  the  Westlake  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends  as  represented  by  the  defendants,  and 
the  plaintiffs  are  restrained  from  disturbing 
the  defendants  or  their  trustees  in  the  sole  use 
and  enjoyment  of  the  property,  with  costs. 
This  is  not  a  case  for  damages." 

friends  at  Westlake  have  had  much  to  suf- 
fer in  their  efforts  to  maintain  the  principles 
and  practices  of  our  Society,  and  many  else- 
where have  felt  sympathy  with  them  in  their 
peculiar  and  close  trials.  To  these  it  will  be 
a  cause  for  rejoicing  and  thankfulness,  that 
the  legal  decision  of  an  impartial  judge,  on 
the  points  of  faith  and  practice  involved  in 
the  issue,  confirms  the  rectitude  of  their  posi- 
tion. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written 
by  a  Friend  in  Canada  to  a  friend  in  Philadel- 
phia, hassomucb  of  the  spirit  of  true  charity, 
that  it  may  properly  close  this  article. 

'•  While  I  feel  that  it  is  cause  of  deep  heart- 
felt thankfulness  to  our  heavenly  Father  that 
such  a  decision  has  been  arrived  at,  and  be- 
lieve the  judge  was  favored  with  a  spirit  of 
discernment  tojudge  between  tbingand  thing, 
yet  while  we  rejoice  that  our  secret  petitions 
have  been  heard  and  answered,  we  feel  that 
we  have  nothing  to  glory  in  save  the  cross  of 
Christ,  and  that  we  are  commanded  to  weep 
with  those  who  weep.  And  I  doubt  not  there 
are  many  sincere-hearted  ones  who  have  been 
drawn  into  this  by  cunning  devices,  and  I 
was  going  to  say  fables,  who  will  now  be 
brought  into  some  degree  of  suffering,  and 
having  been  turned  out  of  the  meeting-house 
ourselves,  and  compelled  to  hold  our  meetings 
in  the  Town-hall,  which  is  a  very  uncomfort- 
able place  in  mid-winter,  wo  truly  know  or 
ought  to  know  how  to  feel  for  them.  But 
they  left  us  no  alternative.  I  expect  trials 
still  await  us,  but  may  we  remember  the 
words  of  our  blessed  Saviour,   when  he  said, 


208 


THE    FRIEND. 


"  Love  your  enemies ;  bless  them  that  curse 
yon,  and  pray  for  them  that  despitefully  use 
you  and  persecute  you,  that  ye  may  be  the 
children  of  your  Father  in  heaven.  I  believe 
many  heart-felt  petitions  have  been  put  up 
on  their  behalf,  that  the  Lord  would  open 
their  eyes  to  see  the  error  of  their  ways,  and 
they  might  truly  be  converted." 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— In  the  U.  S.  Senate,  on  1st  month 
22nd,  Senator  Cameron,  of  Wisconsin,  from  the  Com- 
mittee on  Indian  Affairs,  reported  adversely  on  a  num- 
ber of  petitions  for  the  opening  to  settlement  of  the 
Oklahoma  lands  in  the  Indian  Territory.  On  the  25th 
the  bill  providing  a  civil  government  for  Alaska  was 
considered  and  passed,  with  a  clause  remaining  in  it 
prohibiting  the  importation,  sale  or  manufacture  of  in- 
toxicating liquors  in  the  Territory,  except  for  medicinal 
or  scientific  purposes.  On  the  same  day  the  House  went 
into  Committee  of  the  Whole  on  the  bill  making  an  ap- 
propriation for  the  payment  of  the  rebate  on  the  tobacco 
tax.  Amendments  reducing  the  amount  were  rejected, 
and  the  bill  was  reported  to  the  House  and  passed,  with 
only  one  negative  vote — that  of  Representative  White, 
of  Kentucky.  The  bill  appropriates  tf  3,750,000  for  pay- 
ment of  the  rebate. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  now  in  the  United 
States  15,000,000  milch  cows,  and  that  there  are  made 
annually  1,300,000,000  pounds  of  butter  and  450,000,- 
000  of  cheese.  In  1880,  as  shown  by  the  census,  772,- 
204,000  pounds  of  butter  were  made  on  farms,  and  29,- 
451,000  pounds  in  factories,  and  a  total  of  243,145,000 
pounds  of  cheese.  Besides  this,  over  17,000,000  pounds 
of  oleomargarine  were  also  manufactured. 

The  Secretary  of  War,  in  reply  to  a  resolution  of  the 
House,  reports  that,  from  3d  mo.  4th,  1789,  to  6th  mo. 
30lh.  1882,  the  total  expenditures  of  the  Government 
on  account  of  River  and  Harbor  improvements  amount- 
ed to  $105,71(0,401.  Of  this  amount,  New  York  re- 
ceived $0,530,074;  Michigan,  *7,S2S,350;  Wisconsin, 
$4,010,400;  Delaware,  $3,043,030;  .Massachusetts,  $2,- 
028  780;  Ohio,  >2,S57,031  ;  Texas,  $2,100,134;  Illinois, 
$2,352,3(15;  North  Carolina,  $2,201,203;  Virginia,  $1,- 
083,375;  West  Virginia,  $1,387,558;  California,  *1,493,- 
428;  Connecticut,  $1,527,440;  Maine, $1, 404,889  ;  Mary- 
land, $1,485,770;  Georgia,  $1,304,004,  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, $1,067,101. 

During  the  week  ending  1st  month  25th,  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  <  )flice  has  field  for  can- 
cellation one  entry  of  public  lands  in  California,  dis 
covered  to  have  been  fraudulently  made,  fifty-one  ii 
Colorado,  ten  in  Dakota,  three  in  Minnesota,  three  it 
New  Mexico  and  ten  in  Oregon. 

Fifty-five  of  the  children  of  the  Apache  Indians  at 


the  San  Carh 


agency 


Arizona  were  to  leave  on  the 


27th  ultimo  for  the  Training  School  at  Carlisle,  in  th 

State.     The  children  are  accompanied   by  Dr.  Givin, 

the  school   physician,  Agent  Wilcox  and  four  chiefs. 

An   explosion   occurred  on   the  24th  ultimo,  in  t 
United  Butte  Coal  Mine  at  Crested  Butte,  in  Gunnison 
countv,  Colorado,  bv  which  57  miners  are  believe 
have  been  killed.     Thirty-four  bodies  have   been  re- 
covered. 

Crop  reports  from  different  sections  of  California  in- 
dicate an  unfavorable  outlook.  The  season  has  been 
the  driest  for  seven  years. 

A  Newark  (N.  J.)  Grand  Jury  has  recommended 
that,  in  view  of  the  frequency  of  cases  of  wife-beating 
in  the  courts,  the  Constitution  of  the  State  be  amended 
so  as  to  permit  the  infliction  of  the  punishment  of  such 
criminals  at  the  public  whipping-post. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  440, 
which  was  70  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
48  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  218  were  males,  and  22S  females  :  58 
died  of  consumption;  51  of  pneumonia;  25  of  scarlet 
fever;  19  of  diphtheria;  17  of  old  age;  14  of  typhoid 
fever  ;  14  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels  ; 
12  of  bronchitis,  and  12  of  Bright's  disease. 

Market*,  &c  -U.S.  -l-'.'s,  U4f;  4's,  124;  3's,  101 1; 
currency  6's,  129  a  137." 

C -There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 

price  or  demand.     Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10;  a  11  J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  ami  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  while,  9\  a  9j|  cts.  for  export, 
and  10]  a  10|  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged; 
sales  of  1900  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extra  ,  at$5 
a  $0;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $  1.50  a  * 4.75  ;  western 
ditto,  at  $5  a  $5  90,  and  patents  at  *0  a  $0.75.  Rye 
flour  was  dull  at  $3.50  a  $3.62$  per  barrel. 


Grain.— Wheat  was  dull  and  unsettled.  About  snoo 
ishels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.11  a 
$1.11}  ;  No.  2  at  $1.05}  a  $1.11  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  97  cts.  per  bushel, 
and  50,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.05.'.  a  $1.05;  1st  mo., 
$1,051  a  #1.05 i  2nd  mo.,  $1.07|  a  $1.07;  3rd  mo., 
$1.09|  a  $1.10  4th  mo.,  and  $1.11.}  a  $1.12  5th  mo. 
Corn.— Car  lots  were  easier:  10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  i 
at  58  a  59  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yel-| 
low,  54  a  57  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer,  and  10,000 
sail  mixed  at  58  a  59}  cts.  1st  mo.,  5S}  a  59}  cts.  2nd 
mo.,  GO}  a  60}  cts.  3rd  mo.,  61  a  62  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  62 
a  63  5th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  unchanged  ;  about 
11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  39  a  44  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  41  a  43  cts. 
1st  mo.,  41  a  42  cts.  2nd  mo.,  42  a  42}  cts.  3rd  mo., 
43  a  43}  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  44  a  45  cts.  5th  mo.  Rye 
was  unchanged.  Small  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts. 
per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  1st 
mo.  26th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  284  ;  loads  of  straw,  51  ; 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  75  a  90  ets.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  and  prices  were 
firmer:  2500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  5}  a  7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  rather  lower:  12,000  head  ar- 
rived and  sold  at  3}  a  0}  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3}  a  7}  cts. 
per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  demand  at  an  advance:  5200  head  ar- 
rived and  sold  at  8  a  9}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — A  Nationalist  meeting  was  held  at  New- 
port, Ireland,  1st  month  27th.  Notwithstanding  the 
storm,  fully  10,000  persons  were  present,  including 
Mayne,  Biggar  and  O'Brien,  members  of  Parliament, 
and  many  priests.  A  resolution  was  passed  declaring 
that  the  Land  Act  was  inadequate,  and  that  the  emigra- 
tion scheme  was  a  brutal  blunder. 

Reports  from  all  parts  of  the  Kindoru  agree  that  the 
gale  of  Seventh-day  the  20th  ultimo,  was  one  of  almost 
unparalled  seveiiiy.  The  wind  blew  a  hurricane  all 
Sixth-day  night.  Much  damage  was  done  in  London, 
and  many  persons  were  injured.  The  glass  roof  of  the 
Westminster  Aquarium  was  demolished,  causing  a 
panic  among  the  audience,  in  which  several  persons 
were  hurt.  A  printing  office  in  the  Ilaymarket  was 
unroofted  and  a  boy  was  killed  by  falling  debris.  Many 
vessels  were  wrecked  oil'  the  coast  and  a  large  number 
of  lives  were  lost.  Telegraph  wires  to  the  Continent 
and  the  Atlantic  cables  were  interrupted  for  several 
hours. 

A  destructive  storm  raged  in  Paris  the  same  night, 
severing  railway  and  telegraphic  communication  in  ali 
directions.  The  gale  has  blown  down  telegraph  wires, 
and  done  much  other  damage  in  the  suburbs.  Many 
persons  have  been  injured  while  walking  the  streets. 
An  immense  nnmber  of  lamps  and  windows  have  been 
smashed,  scaffolds  overthrown,  trees  uprooted  nod  chim- 
neys destroyed. 

A  despatch  from  Admiral  Courbet,  dated  at  Hanoi, 
1st  mo.  19th,  reports  that  he  had-established  a  blockade, 
which  will  be  maintained  throughout  Tonquin,  to  pre- 
vent the  entrance  into  the  country  of  all  articles  con- 
traband of  war,  but  ample  facilities  will  be  afforded  for 
legitimate  trade. 

Advices  from  Madagascar  state  that  the  new  Queen, 
Ranavalona  III.,  was  crowned  on  the  22d  of  11th  month. 
'1  lie  Queen  and  Premier  Taslava,  made  speeches  after 
the  coronation  ceremonies,  in  which  they  declared  that 
they  would  not  surrender  an  inch  of  the  country  to  the 
French. 

The  mission  of  ( ieneral  ( iorden  is  to  effect  a  complete 
evacuation  of  the  Soudan,  inclusive  of  Khartoum.  The 
Khedive  has  appointed  him  Governor  of  the  Soudan, 
with  full  powers,  and  strongly  advised  him  to  take 
measures  lo  secure  the  safety  of  civilians  and  Euro- 
peans. General  Gordon,  his  military  Secretary,  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Stewart,  and  the  new  Sultan  of  Darfoiir, 
startedfor  Khartoum.  General  Gordon  has  had  £101,- 
000  placed  at  his  disposal  for  military  purposes.  Tele- 
graph communication  with  Khartoum  has  been  re- 
stored. The  Governor  of  Dongola  has  telegraphed  to 
the  Khedive  that  many  tribes,  including  Che  powerful 
llicbarlch   tribe,   have  submitted   to    Baker   Pa.-ha,  the 


Pasha,  the  Turkish  Ambassador  at  London,  to  negj 
tiate  informally  with  Earl  Granville. 

The  small  city  of  Astorga,  in  Spain,  on  the  2/  th  ul  | 
was  the  scene  of  a.  religious  commotion.  A  party 
students,  under  the  leadership  of  priests,  made  an  attai 
upon  an  Englishman  and  a  native  who  were  hawkii 
Bibles  about  the  streets.  They  even  threatened  to  bui 
the  Spaniard.  The  victims  made  unavailing  appea 
to  the  police  for  protection. 

The  fish  supply  of  Russian  lakes  and  rivers  is  e 
orraous.  Recent"  statistics  show  how  great  is  the  catc 
During  the  past  year  9,000,000  hundred-weight  of  fit 
were  caught  in  the  Caspian  Sea.  In  the  sea  of  Az 
and  the  River  Don  and  Kuban,  more  than  4,000,01 
hundred-weight  were  caught.  In  the  Black  Sea  aboi 
8,000,00(1  hundred-weight,  in  the  White  Sea  and  tl 
Frozen  Ocean  500,000  hundred-weight,  in  the  Ball 
not  less  than  2,000,000  hundred-weight,  the  total  < 
these  numbers  being  800,000  tons  of  fish. 

Two  million  trees,  under  a  contract  with  the  Mexicr 
Government,  are  to  be  planted  by  O.  A.  Drolge  in  tl 
valley  of  Mexico  within  the  next  four  years. 

Fifth-day  night  the  25th  tilt.,  was  the  coldest  of  tl 
season  in  Canada,  the  mercury  ranging  from  ten 
thirty-nine  degrees  below  zero.  The  temperature  : 
Titusville,  Penna.,  fell  to  32  below  zero,  the  lowest | 
many  years.  In  Binghamton,  New  York,  at  eleve 
o'clock,  the  thermometer  registered  20  below  zero. 

The  weather  at  Quebec  is  intensely  cold.  An  I 
bridge  has  formed  over  the  St.  Lawrence  at  that  poir. 
on  which  vehicles  are  crossing.  There  has  been  a 
suspension  of  railway  traffic  at  Collingwood,  Ontari 
since  Fifth-day  last,  owing  lo  the  deep  snow.  Mai 
for  the  surrounding  villages  are  carried  in  sleigli 
Lake  Champlain  is  now  frozen  so  solidly  that  it  can  1 
traversed  by  teams  for  its  entire  length.  It  was  closi 
by  ice  on  the  7th,  an  almost  unprecedented^  i 
date,  the  average  lime  of  permanent  closing  of  the  lal 
being  1st  mo.  30th.  The  temperature  has  been  aboi 
zero  for  a  fortnight  in  that  region. 

It  appears  from  an  official  report  that  the  total  re' 
enue  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  from  7th  month  If 
1SS2,  to  1st  month  20th,  1883,  was  $19,981,368,  and  f. 
the  same  period  in  18S3  and  1884  $17,869,137,  a  d 
crease  of  $2,112,231.     The  expenditures  for  the  firs 

med  period  were  $15,421,657,  and  for  the  secon 
$16,406,869,  an  increase  of  $985,212. 

NOTICE. 

A  meeting  of  the  Teachers'  Association  of  Friends 
Philadelphia  and  vicinity,  will  be  held  at  S20  Chen 
St.,  Seventh-day,  2nd  mo.  9th,  at  2.30  P.  M. 

The  attention  of  Friends  is  again  called  to  tl 
"  Friends'  Calendar"  for  1884,  which  has  been  prepare 
for  gratuitous  distribution,  and  can  be  had  on  applic 
lion  either  to  Friends'  Book  Store,  304  Arch  St.,  or 
E.  L.  South,  6  North  Sixth  St.  It  will  be  mailed 
any  address. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtow 
Station  on    the   arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train   frot 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  ] 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  ' 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Boart 
Managers.  


DIED,  12th  mo.  30th,  1SS3,  at  Muncy,  Pa.,  Piiei 
Anna  Mendeniiall,  daughter  of  the  late  Thomi 
Mendenhall,  a  beloved  member  and  minister  of  Munc 
Monthly  and  Particular  Meeting,  in  the  57th  yean 
her  age.  When  about  IS  years  of  age,  she  was  throw 
from  a  carriage,  and  her  "spine  so  injured  as  to  cam 
life  long  suffering.  This  she  endured  in  a  meek  at 
patient"spirit,  and  with  a  firm  faith  in  the  mercy  au 
goodness  of  her  blessed  Saviour.  Her  friends  are  < 
foiled  in  the  belief  that  through  the  mercy  of  God  i: 
Christ  Jesus,  she  has  been  permitted  to  join  the  col 
pany  of  those  who  have  experienced  the  washing 
regeneration  by  the  operation  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

,  at  his  residence   in   Morrow  county,  Ohio,  0 

the  31st  of  12th  mo.  1883,  Daniel  Walkek,  aged  t; 
years.     His  end  was  peaceful  and  happy. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH- DAY,  SECOND  MONTH  9,  188-1. 


NO.    27. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


ered  as  seconds 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  203.) 

As  he  advanced  in  years  be  appeared  also 
•o  advance  in  the  knowledge  of  the  truth, 
md  his  public  testimonies  became  more  fre- 
iruent  and  more  enlarged — often  speaking  to 
f,he  admiration  of  his  familiar  friends.  His 
neart  was  often  pained  in  witnessing  the  many 
leviations  from  the  ancient  simplicity  of  our 
jrofession  ;  in  which  exercise  he  was  frequent- 
y  drawn  to  bear  testimony  against  the  spirit 
)f  false  liberty  which  was,  under  the  cloak  of 
oleration,  endeavoring  to  lay  waste  the  doe- 
rine  of  the  cross  of  Christ.  His  tender  care 
"or  the  welfare  of  society  seemed  to  increase 

"th  the  number  of  his  days,  and  at  the  last 
Vlonthlj-  Meeting  he  ever  attended,  he  made 
,  very  pathetic  appeal  to  those  present  upon 
hese  important  subjects. 

His  mind  had  appeared  for  some  consider- 
able time  becoming  more  and  more  detached 
irom  the  things  of  this  world,  anticipating 
he  period  of  his  final  change  with  a  steady 
omposure,  as  we  find  by  references  to  his 
writings.  On  the  15th  of  the  11th  month  he 
wrote  as  follows  :  "All  things  temporal  are 
Irawing  to  a  close!  this  morning,  solemnity 
Pervades  my  mind,  with  thankfulness  that  I 
lave  so  little  to  do  with  the  world."  And 
igain  on  the  1st  of  1st  mo.  1827  :  "  Time  rolls 
iway  from  year  to  year  with  great  rapidity. 
3h!  for  faith,  strength  and  patience,  to  keep 
lace  with  its  incessant  motion,  and  to  pre- 
>are,  by  the  faithful  discharge  of  each  day's 
ervice,  for  that  eventful  period  when  final 
eave  must  be  taken  of  terrestrial  enjoyments 
i0  appear  before  the  righteous  Judge  of  quick 
nd  dead,  when  all  shall  be  rewarded  aeeord- 
ng  to  their  works."  His  late  testimonies  in 
>ur  meetings  for  discipline  have  been  marked 
vith  an  increasing  solemnity,  accompanied 
vith  an  ardent  solicitude  that  the  youth  of 
tur  Society  may  be  strengthened  to  come  for- 
ward as  standard-bearers,  that  there  may  be 
ving  remnant  preserved  to  the  honor  and 
dory  of  the  Heavenly  Father,  who  called  our 
>ious  ancestors  from  the  pollutions  of  the 
vorld,  to  serve  Him  with  a  perfect  heart. 

His  last  journey  was  to  attend  our  Quar- 
erly  Meeting  in  the  1st  month,  at  Seabrook, 
luring  which  he  was  considerably  exposed  to 
he  severe  cold  weather  at  that  time,  and  on 
lis  return  was  evidently  indisposed ;  yet  he 


attended  our  meeting  at  Lynn  on  First-day, 
wherein  he  spoke  with  much  solemnity  on 
the  subject  of  the  close  of  time.  On  Third- 
day  following  he  was  taken  ill  of  a  fever — 
medical  aid  was  called,  and  when  his  friends 
came  to  inquire  after  his  health,  he  received 
them  with  his  usual  cheerfulness,  observing, 
he  found  himself  quite  indisposed,  but  could 
not  yet  discover  "  what  the  end  would  be." 
As  his  disorder  assumed  a  more  discouraging 
aspect,  his  mind  was  in  no  way  disquieted, 
but  manifested  a  tranquillity  unusual  in  sick- 
ness ;  he  expressed  his  gratitude  to  his  friends 
for  their  kindnesses  to  bim — the  recollect" 
of  which  was  very  precious  to  his  feeling 
observing,  "  That  the  kindness  of  his  friends 
was  a  sweet  cordial  to  his  mind."  As  his  ill- 
ness increased  his  mind  became  impressed 
with  the  belief  that  his  end  was  near.  Al- 
though he  said,  "  It  may  not  be  now — I  don't 
know — I  may  be  raised  again  and  be  among 
my  friends,  but  it  is  not  very  likely  from  my 
present  feelings  that  I  shall."  And  not  long 
after  he  said,  "  I  feel  a  remarkable  sweetness 
— it  is  indescribable! — it  is  the  love  that  em- 
braces the  universe  !  yet  I  have  nothing  to 
boast  of;  I  feel  myself  a  poor  creature,  a  mere 
worm  of  the  dust." 

It  seldom  falls  to  the  lot  of  humanity  to 
experience  so  little  suffering  in  the  event 
which  terminates  this  mortal  existence,  as 
this  our  beloved  friend  was  favored  with;  the 
sense  of  the  dissolution  of  his  earthly  taber- 
nacle seemed  lost  in  the  foretaste  of  Heaven  ! 

Through  the  course  of  the  day  preceding 
his  close,  several  friends  called  to  see  him,  in 
whose  presence  he  spoke  with  an  audible  and 
clear  voice,  on  the  great  and  important  truths 
of  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  until  their  hearts 
were  melted  into  tenderness.  Some  of  his 
expressions  on  this  occasion  have  been  pre- 
served, which  were  to  the  following  import: 
;'  Keep  near,  I  beseech  you,  to  God's  eternal 
principle,  Christ  Jesus  in  the  soul ;  for  I  have 
seen  his  covenant  with  his  people  to  be  light, 
life,  love  and  salvation  to  them  that  keep  it. 
In  this  I  feel  the  peace  of  God  in  my  own  soul 
beyond  what  I  can  describe  to  37ou,  or  dared 
to  look  for.  He  deals  in  mercy  with  mo,  and 
stands,  himself,  at  this  time  between  me  and 
those  deep  waters  that  have  so  often  come  in 
upon  my  soul  as  a  deep  flood;  that  what- 
soever is  yet  to  be,  I  feel  nothing  now  to  stand 
in  my  way — no  speck,  no  mote  or  shadow  of 
a  cloud  !  blessed  be  the  name  of  my  God!"  At 
another  time  he  said,  "J  have  seen  with  in- 
dubitable clearness  the  distinction  between 
the  righteous  and  the  wicked,  which  I  have 
always  believed,  and  in  my  testimonies,  es- 
pecially of  late,  have  been  called  to  bear  wit- 
ness, '  Say  ye  to  the  righteous  it  shall  be  well 
with  him,  for  they  shall  eat  the  fruit  of  their 
doings:  woe  unto  the  wicked,  it  shall  ho  ill 
with  him,  for  the  reward  of  his  hands  shall 
be  given  him.'  I  have  now  seen  this  beyond 
what  I  am  able  to  describe;  you  know  my 
friends,  many  of  you,  that  I   have  suffered 


much,  wave  on  wave  have  sometimes  seemed 
as  if  I  should  be  overwhelmed  ;  but  there  has 
been  an  eternal  Arm  underneath  that  has 
borne  me  up,  and  now  I  grudge  not  all  I  have 
suffered — such  love,  such  sweetness,  that  it 
fills  my  soul  with  humble  gratitude."  Not 
long  afterwards  his  voice  became  more  ele- 
vated (although  apparently  sinking  under  the 
weight  of  his  disorder)  when  he  fervently  ex- 
horted all  to  keep  near  God's  eternal  covenant 
of  light  in  the  soul,  and  one  unto  another, 
saying,  "If  we  are  one,  we  are  one  in  the 
Lord  Tone  Shepherd  and  one  fold."  Afterafew 
moments  pause  he  again  observed,  "  I  have  al- 
ways believed  that  if  I  yielded  all  the  facul- 
ties of  my  soul  to  the  Heavenly  Father's 
guidance,  I  should  be  enabled  to  testify  to  the 
power  of  his  truth;  not  that  I  speak  of  any 
confidence  in  myself,  I  feel  entirely  dependent 
on  that  Arm  of  mercy  that  has  been  with  me 
from  my  youth." 

To  a  friend  who  visited  him,  he  spoke  on 
the  subject  of  the  ministry  to  the  following 
effect :  "  The  pure  spring  of  the  ministry  does 
not  depend  on  the  creature^  feelings,  it  is 
quite  another  thing.  I  have  often  stood  up  in 
our  meetings  with  but  a  word  or  a  sentence, 
and  knew  not  what  was  to  come  next;  but 
the  Lord  was  mouth  and  wisdom,  tongue  and 
utterance,  without  the  immediate  influence 
of  whose  pure  Spirit,  all  our  preaching  is  in 
vain.  And  so  it  has  been  in  our  meetings  for 
discipline,  and  by  keeping  to  this  pure  spring 
of  life,  words  have  been  given  that  sometimes 
have  flowed  in  a  remarkable  manner;  it  is  by 
keeping  near  to  this  Divine  Fountain  that 
strength  is  afforded,  and  if  it  is  only  a  few 
words,  stop  when  the  spring  closes." 

In  the  evening  preceding  his  close,  many 
friends  and  neighbors  seemed  desirous  to  see 
him,  as  they  appi-ebended  it  would  be  the  last 
opportunity,  which  circumstance  being  named 
to  him,  he  observed,  it  was  very  kind  in  them 
and  very  pleasant  to  him,  and  requested  that 
all  who  had  come  to  see  him  might  take  him 
by  the  hand,  to  many  of  whom  he  bad  some- 
thing to  say;  after  which  he  bade  them  indi- 
vidually an  affectionate  farewell.  His  lan- 
guage on  this  occasion  was  solemn  and  im- 
pressive, during  which  he  frequently  spoke  of 
the  great  sweetness  he  felt,  and  of  the  lovo 
that  "filled  his  soul;  observing,  "  That  ho  had 
for  nearly  forty  years,  endeavored  to  set  the 
fear  of  God  before  bis  eyes,  and  he  could  now 
leave  it  among  his  last  testimonies,  that  it  is 
a  fountain  of  light  preserving  from  the  snares 
of  death,  and  he  saw  no  cause  to  deviate  from 
the  ancient  testimonies  of  Friends,  that  the 
doctrine  of  the  everlasting  Gospel  is  the  same 
yesterday,  to-day,  and  forever;  that  we  must 
all  pass  one  threshold,  into  one  door, — for 
Christ  Jesus  is  the  way,  the  truth,  and  the 
life,  as  He  is  the  only  door."  Thus  he  con- 
tinued to  a  late  hour,  when  the  company  re- 
tired, much  broken  and  melted  with  tho 
solemn  scene;  after  which  he  seemed  a  little 
wandering  for  some  time,  but  towards  morn- 


!10 


THE    FRIEND. 


ing  his  rational  faculties  resumed  their  func- 
tions and  he  spoke  of  his  "  full  assurance  in 
the  mercy  of  God,  through  our  Lord  and 
Saviour.  Jesus  Christ ;"  and  exhorted  those 
around  him  "  to  faithfulness  in  their  day  and 
generation,  and  to  keep  near  to  the  eternal 
covenant  and  principle  of  light  ami  life  in  the 
soul;  and  continued  to  speak  (with  short  in- 
termissions) until  nature  became  exhausted, 
when  he  quietly  departed  without  sigh  or 
groan. 

"Mark  the  perfect  man,  and  behold  the 
upright,  for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace." 

His  remains  were  interred  from  our  meet- 
ing-house in  Lynn,  on  the  3rd  of  2nd  month, 
attended  by  a  numerous  concourse  of  Friends 
and  others,  whose  grave  deportment  evinced 
their  regard  for  his  worthy  memory  ;  on 
which  occasion  several  solemn  testimonies 
were  delivered  to  the  comfort  and  consolation 
of  the  mourners  in  Zion. 

Given  forth  at  Salem  Monthly  Meeting, 
held  at  Lynn,  10th  of  3d  mo.  1827,  and  signed 
on  behalf  thereof  by 

Daniel  Johnson, 
Buth  Bassett, 

Clerks. 


(To! 


Lied.) 


For  "The  Friend." 

Separation  of  Church  and  State. 

The  following  paragraphs  form  part  of  a 
speech  of  John  Bright,  which  was  delivered 
at  a  meeting  held  in  the  Fifth  month  last,  of 
the  Society  for  the  liberation  of  religion  from 
State-patronage.  The  subject  treated  of  is  one 
of  great  interest  and  importance  to  those  who 
love  the  cause  of  religion  ;  and  the  manner  in 
which  it  is  discussed  is  clear  and  forcible,  yet 
free  from  the  harsh  language  in  which  public 
orators  are  often  tempted  to  indulge,  but 
which  irritates  instead  of  convincing. 

SPEECH. 

There  are  persons,  probably  not  a  few,  who 
are  of  opinion  that  we  who  are  gathered  here 
to-night  are  hostile  to  the  Church  of  England, 
and  even  hostile  to  religion  itself.  Our  pur- 
pose, I  can  undertake  to  say  with  a  clear  con- 
science— and  you  will  confirm  it — is  not  in 
any  way  the  enslavement  or  the  destruction 
of  the  Church  of  England.  What  we  want 
rather  is  its  liberation,  its  freedom,  its  purity, 
and  its  greater  power  as  a  religious  institu- 
tion. 

Persecution  of  the  Quakers. — I  have  been 
looking  back  a  little  within  the  last  day  or 
two  at  the  reasons  which,  years  ago,  brought 
me  into  perfect  accord  with  your  association. 
I  suppose  that  most  of  us  in  after-life  can  look 
back  and  see  some  particular  event,  or  some 
particularexpression,  that  has  had  great  effect 
upon  our  opinions  and  our  future  course.  I 
recollect  when  very  young  reading  two  or 
three  passages  which  dealt  with  the  conduct 
of  Church  and  State  some  two  centuries  ago. 
I  will  read  two  of  those  passages  t < >  you,  and 
though,  perhaps,  they  may  nut  be  new,  I  think 
thnii  so  important  that  they  deserve  to  be  re- 
peated and  to  be  remembered.  For  example, 
1  found  a  statement — and  my  reading  then, 
perhaps,  was  more  exclusively  directed  to  the 
records  of  my  own  sect  than  in  after  years — 
but  1  find  that,  going  back  exactly  two  cen- 
turies from  today,  in  tin'  year  L683,  there 
lyero  not  fewer  than  4,000  members  of  the 
small  sect  to  which  1  belong  who  were  linn 
in  prison;  and  it  was  stated  that  not  fewer 
than  400  of  its  members  had,  within  recent 


years,  died  in  the  course  of  their  imprison- 
ment. And  a  prison  then  was  not  like  a  prison 
now.  It  was  not  merely  being  shut  out  from 
friends  and  associates,  but  it  was  accompanied 
with  all  the  conditions  which  would  make 
life  miserable,  and,  indeed,  almost  intolerable. 
Well,  there  was  another  passage  I  met  with 
which  I  recollect  very  well,  and  which  im- 
pressed me  strongly.  It  was  a  passage  from 
the  writings  of  William  Penn.  William  Penn, 
as  you  know,  is  illustrious  in  our  history,  and 
will  be  in  the  history  of  the  English  people 
everywhere,  as  the  founder  of  the  great  State 
of  Pennsylvania.  William  Penn,  writing  in 
the  year  1686 — that  is,  the  year  after  James 
the  Second  came  to  the  throne — said,  "  There 
have  been  ruined,  since  the  late  king's  resto- 
ration, about  15,000  families,  and  more  than 
5,000  have  died  under  bonds  for  matters  of 
mere  conscience  to  God;"  and  then  he  adds 
this  pathetic  question,  "  but  who  has  laid  this 
to  heart?"  The  answer  may  be  that  the 
State  did  not  lay  it  to  heart,  nor  did  the 
Church  ;  and  the  State  acted  at  that  time  in 
obedience  to  the  Church  in  committing  these 
cruel  enormities  upon  conscientious  people 
within  the  limits  of  this  kingdom. 

Theory  of  the  union  of  Church  and  State. — 
Now,  what  is  the  lesson  which  I  have  learned 
from  these  facts? — and  there  are  facts  in 
abundance  that  might  succeed  them,  more  or 
less  grave,  from  that  time  down  to  our  time. 
The  lesson  which  I  learned,  or  the  question 
which  at  first  was  prompted  in  my  mind  was 
this  :  Is  the  State  the  better  for  its  union  with 
the  Church  ?  Or  is  the  Church  the  better  for 
its  union  with  the  State?  Now,  the  theory 
of  many  good  people  in  this  country  who  sup- 
port this  union — the  theory  of  the  union  is 
this,  that  the  Church  tends  to  make  the  State 
more  Christian  ;  that  is,  more  just  and  gentle, 
more  merciful  and  peaceful.  I  propose  to  ask 
your  attention  to  two  or  three  points  which 
I  think  will  answer  that  question,  and  will 
meet,  in  my  opinion,  that  unsound  and  base- 
less theory.  1  will  ask  you  for  a  moment  to 
look  at  one  great  question  in  which,  laggard 
as  we  still  are,  we  have  made  some  progress, 
and  that  is,  the  condition  of  the  criminal  code 
in  this  country  in  past  years.  In  1776 — 
there  are  great  numbers  of  persons  in  this 
building  whose  parents,  I  dai-esaj',  were  living 
at  that  time — Charles  Wesley,  a  name  to  be 
revered,  writing  to  Fletcher,  of  Madeley,  a 
name  not  less  to  be  revered,  gives  him  this 
piece  of  information.  He  saj-s,  "A  fortnight 
ago  I  preached  the  condemned  sermon  to 
above  twenty  criminals.  Every  one  of  them, 
I  have  good  reason  to  believe  died  penitent. 
Twenty  more  must  die  next  week." 

The  Bishops  ami  the  Penal  Code. — Now, 
if  you  will  remember  that  in  that  day  the 
population  of  London  was  probably  not  more 
than  a  quarter  of  its  present  population,  you 
can  form  some  idea  of  the  terrific  cruelty 
of  a  penal  code  that  should  some  Monday 
morning,  and  again  in  a  fortnight  or  three 
weeks,  on  another  Monday  morning,  send 
more  than  twenty  criminals  to  the  gallows, 
and  not  for  the  grievous  offence  of  deliberate 
murder,  but  for  offences  for  which  now  the 
bulk  of  those  criminals  would  not  have  had 
more  than  six  or  twelve  months'  imprison- 
ment. A  few  years  after  that,  and  within  a 
year  of  the  time  of  ray  life,  a  bill  was  brought 
into  the  House  of  Lords,  the  object  of  which 
was  to  enact  that  henceforth  the  punishment 
of  death   should   not   be  inflicted  on  persons 


who  had  committed  robberies,  which  we 
should  call  now  petty  larcenies,  in  a  house  or 
shop,  to  the  value  of  five  shillings.  Well,  that 
bill  was  rejected  by  the  House  of  Lords  by  a 
majority  of  31  to  11.  and  in  the  majority  ol 
31  there  were  six  bishops,  and  one  archbishop. 
It  may  be  said,  and  said  with  a  good  deal  of 
force — in  fact,  with  absolute  truth — that  those 
were  barbarous  and  cruel  times,  though  this 
last  one  is  a  time  which  can  be  remembered 
by  some  in  this  building — by  one,  or  more 
than  one,  I  believe,  on  this  platform.  But,  it 
may  be  said,  "Those  werecruel  times,  and  you 
have  no  right  to  find  fault  with  the  bishops 
and  archbishops  that  they  were  not  less 
cruel  than  the  population  among  whom  they 
lived."  But  a  hundred  years  before  that  time, 
when  William  Penn  established  his  great 
colony  of  Pennsylvania,  he  swept  off  at  once 
— or,  rather,  he  did  not  re-enact  in  that  colony 
any  of  the  cases  in  which  the  punishment  oi 
death  could  be  inflicted,  except  it  were  in 
cases  of  deliberate  murder.  There  were,  there- 
fore, men — good  men — in  this  country  a  hun- 
dred years  before  the  time  I  am  speaking  oi 
— Christian  men,  men  whom  this  State  and 
Church  thought  it  right  to  persecute,  who 
knew  what  was  true  and  right  and  Christian 
with  regard  to  this  penal  code.  And  there 
were  not  wanting  abundant  evidences  in  oui» 
own  country  from  which  the  dignitaries  of 
the  Church  in  the  House  of  Lords  might  at 
that  time  have  known  what  it  was  becom- 
ing them  as  Christian  ministers  to  do.  But 
to  show  how  little  influence  the  Christian 
Church,  the  Church  of  England,  had  with  the 
Government  of  our  country  in  these  matters, 
let  me  tell  you  that  up  to  the  reign  of  George 
the  First  there  were  in  this  country  sixty- 
seven  offences  that  were  punishable  with) 
death.  Between  the  accession  of  George  the 
First  and  the  termination  of  the  reign  of 
George  the  Third — I  think  within  those  limits 
— there  were  added  156  new  crimes  to  which 
the  capital  punishment  was  attached. 

Now  during  all  these  years,  as  far  as  this 
question  goes,  our  Government  was  becoming 
more  cruel  and  more  barbarous,  and  we  dicj 
not  find,  and  have  not  found,  that  in  the  great 
Church  of  England,  with  its  ten,  fifteen,  or 
twenty  thousand  ministers,  and  with  its  mora 
than  a  score  of  bishops  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
there  ever  seems  to  havo  been  a  voice  raised 
or  an  organization  formed  in  favor  of  a  more 
merciful  code,  or  any  condemnation  of  the 
enormous  cruelty  which  our  law  was  continu- 
ally inflicting.  'Was  not  Voltaire  justified  in 
saying  that  the  English  were  the  only  people 
who  murdered  by  law  ?  But  we  will  pass  on 
from  this  question.  I  will  accept  every  excuse 
which  archbishop,  or  bishop,  or  clergy,  or 
Churchman  may  offer.  I  know  how  slow 
men  are  to  recognize  the  grounds  for  change 
and  how  content  men  in  high  places,  inhabit-1 
ing  comfortable  homes,  ami  with  all  that  Ui 
pleasant  about  them — I  know  how  difficult  iti 
is  for  them  to  rouse  themselves  to  undertake 
great  changes  and  reforms  such  as  this  ques-i 
tion  required. 

The  Bishops  and  the  Slave  Trade.—  Hut  I 
pass  on  to  another  question — the  question  oi 
the  slave  trade  and  of  slavery.  We,  many  J 
us,  romembor  the  agitation,  not  to  put  an  end 
to  the  slave  trade,  though  that  required  great 
and  strong  protest  on  the  part  of  the  people 
but  the  agitation  to  put  an  end  to  slavery  in 
our  colonies.  1  think  it  is  on  record  that  on 
one  occasion  in  the  House  of  Lords,  when  if 


THE    FRIEND. 


211 


was  proposed  to  put  an  end  to  the  slave  trade, 
and  some  speeches  were  made  against  that 
great  iniquity,  Lord  Eldon,  who  for  so  long  a 
time  was  Lord  Chancellor,  and  therefore 
speaker  and  president  of  that  assembly,  is  re- 
ported to  have  said  he  did  not  believe,  and 
could  not  believe,  that  the  slave  trade  was  so 
hostile  to  the  spirit  of  Christianity,  or  else  it 
could  not  possibly  have  been  so  generally,  as 
it  was  and  had  been,  supported  by  the  bench 
of  bishops.  What  I  complain  of  is  that  there 
is  no  trace  in  our  modern  history  of  the  influ- 
ence of  the  bishops,  or  indeed  of  the  clergy, 
in  favor  of  those  great  reforms  which  we  now 
look  back  upon  with  intense  satisfaction — 
mingled  only  with,  if  possible,  a  more  intense 
regret  that  tbey  were  not  effected  years,  or  a 
century  or  two,  earlier.  The  plea  is,  bear  in 
mind,  tbat  the  Church  affects  the  State  in  the 
direction  of  Christian  principle  and  Christian 
conduct.  I  am  showing  you  that  the  Church, 
as  represented  in  one  branch  of  the  Legisla- 
ture at  any  rate,  has  entirely  failed  of  its 
duty  in  that  respect. 

Foreign  Policy  and  War. — Let  us  go  on  to 
another  question  that  is  of  still  greater  magni- 
tude, and  affects  us  even  to  our  day.  1  speak 
of  the  foreign  policy  of  our  country  and  of 
our  incessant  wars.  We  have  had  two  cen- 
turies— I  will  say  nothing  of  the  time  beyond 
that — we  have  had  two  centuries  of  almost 
incessant  wars.  In  Europe,  in  Asia,  in  Africa, 
in  North  America,  in  South  America,  and  in 
some  portion  of  the  Australian  colonies,  in 
China,  wherever  you  look  all  over  the  map — ■ 
if  you  had  a  map  before  you  with  a  red  cross 
at  ever}T  point  whore  the  blood  of  your  coun- 
trymen has  been  poured  out,  and  generally 
poured  out  for  no  real  object  or  service  to 
your  country — I  think  you  would  be  astound- 
ed at  the  exhibition  that  that  map  would 
make;  and  during  tbese  wars  we  have  spent 
thousands  of  millions  of  treasure,  produced  by 
the  toil  and  the  sweat  and  often  by  the  misery 
of  millions  of  our  countiymen,  and  sacrificed 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  lives,  with  an  amount 
of  agony  which  no  imagination  can  picture. 
and  with  a  sacrifice  of  blood  that  it  would  be 
impossible  to  gauge.  Now,  I  want  to  know 
how  it  comes  that  with  so  much  of  real,  and  so 
much  more  of  what  may  be  termed  merely  the 
profession  of,  Christianity  in  this  country — 
how  is  it,  with  all  the  great  authority  of  this 
Established  Church,  which  was  intended  to 
guide  the  nation  and  the  State  in  the  way  of 
righteousness,  that  on  the  whole  you  have 
seen  no  check  to,  and  heard  no  condemnation 
of,  a  policy  which  to  us  now  appears  so  un- 
necessary and  so  fearful  ?  There  are  no  pro- 
tests— at  least,  I  have  never  seen  one — there 
are  no  protests,  so  far  as  I  know,  on  the 
records  of  the  House  of  Lords,  and  there  has 
been  no  great  protest  from  these  good  people 
through  the  press. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


spectacle.  The  workmen  can  succeed  only 
by  obtaining  practical  control  of  trades,  and 
dictating  to  employers  whom  they  shall  em- 
ploy. Success  in  that  would  seem  to  be  im- 
possible, and,  since  they  could  not  be  expected 
to  exercise  their  power  righteously,  their 
uccess  is  undesirable.  It  is  doubtless  true 
that  the  recruits  furnished  by  poverty  tend 
to  demoralize  the  army  of  iabor.  Decent 
zed  life  is  impossible  below  a  certain 
level  of  wages.  None  of  us  want  to  cultivate 
the  laborer  who  lives  on  nothing,  and  we  are 
properly  proud  of  the  general  well-being  of 
our  own  working  people.  The  real  remedy 
will  probably  come  slowly  ;  it  is  the  general 
improvement  of  the  conditions  of  life  every- 
where. Christian  civilization  must  abolish  the 
poverty-stricken  countries — by  lifting  them 
to  the  level  of  the  rest.  Until  that  is  done, 
this  awful  battle  for  remunerative  work  will 
continue  to  sadden  the  heart  of  the  philan- 
thropist. 

Super-naturalistic  Tendencies  of  Advanced  Science 

BY   E.    D.   M'CREAEY. 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  of  late 
concerning  the  conflict  between  science  and 
religion  ;  but  the  assumption  that  any  such 
conflict  exists  is  a  logical  contradiction,  inas- 
much as  the  basis  of  all  real  science  and  re 
gion  is  truth,  and  hence  between  the  well 


basis  of  life,  "  There  is  something  behind  pro- 
toplasm which  we  cannot  see." 

Prof.  Clerk  Maxwell,  whose  recent  and  un- 
timely death  the  scientific  world  still  mourns, 
was  one  of  the  most  eminent  physicists  of  the 
age.  No  man  haseverpenctrated  more  deeply 
or  more  successfully  into  the  arcana  of  mat- 
ter, or  discussed  more  profoundly  and  ingeni- 
ously the  nature  of  molecules  or  ultimate 
particles  of  matter  than  he.  But  Prof.  Max- 
well says  of  these  molecules:  "Mere  atoms 
explain  nothing  in  organization.  Tbey  must 
be  woven  by  a  power  outside  of  themselves." 
"  A  theory  of  evolution  cannot  be  applied  to 
the  case  of  molecules,  for  the  individual  mole- 
cules neither  are  born  nor  die  ;  they  have 
neither  parents  nor  offspring,  and  so  far  from 
being  modified  by  their  environment  we  find 
that  two  molecules  of  the  same  kind — sa}-  of 
hydrogen — have  the  same  properties,  though 
one  has  been  compounded  with  carbon  and 
buried  in  the  earth  as  coal  for  untold  ages, 
while  the  other  has  been  occluded  in  the  iron 
of  a  meteorite,  and  after  unknown  wanderings 
in  the  heavens  has  at  last  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  some  terrestrial  chemist.  We  are  then 
forced  to  look  beyond  them  to  some  common 
cause  to  explain  why  this  singular  relation  of 
equality  exists.  We  have  reached  the  utmost 
limit  of  our  thinking  faculties  when  wo  have 
admitted    that,    because    matter   cannot    be 


ascertained  facts  of  science  and  the  intelligent  eternal  and  self-existent,  it  must  have  been 

presentation    of  the   tenets   of    Christianity  created." 

there  is  no  antagonism.  Prof.  George  H.   Perkins,  of  the  medical 

There  is  still,  however,  as  in  apostolic  times,!  department  of  the  University  of  Vermont,  in 
much  "science  falsely  so  called,"  which  con-' an  address  recently  delivered  to  the  medical 
sists,  not  of  facts  ascertained  by  carefully!  students  of  that  institution,  speaking  in  the 
conducted  experiments  and  long-continued  j  name  of  medical  science,  summed  up  the  con- 
observations,  nor  of  fundamental  principles}  elusions  forced  upon  him  by  years  of  anatomi- 
obtaincd  by  logical  processes,  but  of  specious,  eal  research  and  observation  by  saying:  "The 
theories,  bold  hypotheses,  problematical  con-  cadaver  on  the  dissecting  table  is  not  a  man. 
lectures,  or  hasty  generalizations.  Neither  the  anatomist's  scalpel  nor  the  his- 

The  repeated  failures  of  many  of  these!  tologist's  microscope  can  ever  discover  what 
hastily  formed  scientific  hypotheses  to  standi  it  was  in  that  body  which  made  it  a  man, 
the  test,  or  obtain  the  testimony  of  subse-  distinct  from  other  men.  The  lips,  tongue, 
quently  ascertained  facts,  or  to  account  in  vocal  cords,  are  all  there  ;  but  it  was  by  these, 
any  degree  for  many  of  the  phenomena  mani-  not  from  them,  that  came  the  words  of  love 
tested  by  life  and  matter,  and  the  apparent  or  hate,  entreaty  or  command,  which  the 
impossibility  of  penetrating  into  the  ultimate  man  spake  during  his  life.  The  brain  is  there ; 
arcana  of  nature  by  merely  scientific  methods,  jit  is  or  was  the  organ  of  the  mind;  but  the 
have  been  the  means  of  producing  a  radical  thought,  where  is  that?  Evidently  we  have 
change  in  the  attitude  and  spirit  which  has!  not  here  all  that  made  this  man  a  man,  and 
hitherto  characterized  in  a  great  degree  the!  we  must  see  more  than  the  body  if  we  are  to 
leaders  of  scientific  thought^  so  that  scientific' know  man  ;  we  must  see  tbat  in  that  body 
skeptical  dogmatism  is  becoming  a  thing  of  there  was  an  essence,  a  something  which  we 
thepast,andscientistsofto-dayarelearningtojcannot  define,  and  tbat  this  something  is  far 
clothe  themselves  with  humility  as  they  stand)  more  important  than  any  other  part  of  man. 


The  Battle  for  Remunerative  Work. — It  is  a 
noteworthy  fact  that  in  Europe,  as  in  this 
country,  the  trades  unions  are  seeking  to  pro- 
tect themselves  against  cheap  labor.  Eheinish 
German}',  Italy,  and  the  Belgian  cities  send 
poverty-stricken  creatures  to  struggle  for  life 
in  the  countries  where  labor  is  better  paid.  It 
is  to  them,  the  unions  say,  our  Chinese  ques- 
tion over  again.  In  short,  the  comparatively 
well-to-do  workmen  all  over  the  world  are 
trying  to  suppress  the  competition  of  the 
poor.     It  is  an   unpleasant  and  unchristian 


on  the  frontiers  of  science  in  the  presence  of 
the  many  mighty  problems  for  the  solution 
of  which  their  scientific  methods  have  proven, 
thus  far,  at  least,  utterly  inadequate.  The 
conviction  is  growing  that  things  visible  have 
their  root  in  things  unseen  and  invisible,  and, 
perchance,  owe  their  origin  to  supernatural 
sources,  so  that  the  trend  of  thought  among 
advanced  scientists  is  evidently  and  neces- 
sarily toward  scientific  supernaturalism. 

That  the  oscillation  of  the  scientific  pendu- 
lum is  from  materialism  and  agnosticism,  and 
towards  supernaturalism,  cannot  but  be  evi- 
dent to  any  who  is  conversant  with  the  re- 
cent utterances  of  the  chief  apostles  of  science. 
In  proof  of  these  declarations  we  subjoin  a 
few  statements  made  by  acknowledged  leaders 
in  the  various  departments  of  science. 

Prof.  Tyndal  is  reported,  in  a  recent  ad- 
dress, as  saying  concerning  protoplasm,  which 
Huxley  sententiously  defined  as  the  physical 


When  the  anatomist  stands  over  the  dissect- 
ing table  he  may  think  of  man  as  only  an 
aggregate  of  organs  and  tissues,  but  when  he 
stands  face  to  face  with  the  phenomena  of 
human  life  in  its  varied  phases,  is  he  not  com- 
pelled to  believe  that  it  all  must  have  some 
other  source  than  the  molecular  and  chemical 
forces  which  he  finds  in  the  body?" 

Pasteur,  the  well-known  physiologist,  who, 
by  his  series  of  admirable  experiments,  re- 
futed the  theory  of  spontaneous  generation, 
and  thus  established  on  a  solid  scientific  basis 
the  fact  that  life  alone  can  impart  life,  in  a 
critique  on  the  positive  philosophy  of  Comte, 
says  :  "  The  great  and  manifest  fault  of  this 
system  is  that  it  omits  from  the  positive  con- 
ception of  the  world  the  most  important  of 
positive  ideas — that  of  the  Infinite.  Beyond 
the  starry  firmament  what  is  there?  More 
skies  and  stars.  And  beyond  these?  The 
human  mind,  impelled  by  an  irresistible  power, 


212 


THE    FRIEND. 


will  never  cease  to  ask  itself  what  lies  beyond. 
At  the  farthest  point  attained  is  a  finite  boun- 
dary, enlarged  from  what  preceded  it.  It  is 
vain  to  speak  of  space,  of  time,  of  size  un- 
limited. Those  words  surpass  the  human 
understanding.  But  he  who  proclaims  the 
existence  of  the  Infinite — and  no  man  can 
escape  from  it — comprehends  in  that  assertion 
more  of  the  supernatural  than  there  is  in  all 
the  miracles  of  all  religions;  for  the  concep- 
tion of  the  Infinite  has  the  two-fold  characters 
that  it  is  irresistible  and  incomprehensible, 
We  prostrate  ourselves  before  the  thought 
which  masters  all  the  faculties  of  the  under- 
standing. This  conception  of  the  Infinite  is 
everywhere  irresistibly  manifest.  It  places 
the  supernatural  in  every  human  heart." 

Dumas,  a  chemist,  conversant  with  all  the 
known  properties  of  natural  bodies,  in  a  speech 
delivered  at  a  meeting  of  the  Academy  of 
France,  of  which  he  is  a  member,  said  "The 
philosophy  of  nature  played  a  considerable 
part  in  the  events  of  the  last  century.  But 
the  discoveries  of  science  in  our  own  age 
provo  that  none  but  the  ignorant  can  suppose 
that  the  whole  book  of  wisdom  has  been  re- 
vealed to  us.  The  source  of  life  and  its  es- 
sence are  unknown  to  us.  We  have  not  seized 
the  mysterious  link  which  connects  the  body 
with  the  mind,  and  constitutes  the  unity  of 
individual  man.  All  the  researches  of  the 
present  generation  into  the  secrets  of  the 
material  creation  indicate  the  existence  of 
powers  infinitely  beyond  it.  After  two  thou- 
sand years  of  effort,  if  we  reach  the  utmost 
extremity  of  the  universe,  which  is  but  a 
point  in  the  immensity  of  space,  we  arc  ar- 
rested on  the  threshold  of  the  Infinite." 

In  an  able  article  in  a  recent  number  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  a  magazine  which  hitherto 
has  shown  but  little  favor  to  supernaturalism 
in  any  form,  we  find  the  following  paragraph  : 
"He  studies  nature  with  a  careless  eye  and  a 
benighted  mind  who  does  not  perceive  that 
the  supernatural  lies  in  it  and  above  it.  For 
when  all  is  said  that  science  can  teach,  and 
all  is  done  that  skill  can  achieve  to  cultivate 
the  earth  and  bring  forth  its  fruits,  one  gift 
remains  without  which  every  thing  else  were 
vain  ;  that  gift  without  which  the  earth  would 
be  no  more  than  the  cinder  of  a  planet — the 
mystery  and  miracle  of  life.  Life  is  every- 
where; without  life  nothing  would  exist  at 
all.  With  the  diffusion  of  life  creation  begins  ; 
and  of  that  act  all  but  a  supernatural  power  is 
incapable." 

These  statements — and  they  might  be  multi- 
plied indefinitely  did  our  space  permit — arc 
not  the  declarations  of  mere  tyros  in  the  field 
of  science,  but  are  the  mature  and  well  con- 
sidered utterances  of  men  who  have  travelled 
as  far  on  the  road  of  natural  science  as  it  will 
take  them,  and,  standing  on  the  scientific 
frontiers,  they  acknowledge  that  an  infinite 
horizon  of  thought,  of  action,  of  forces,  and 
of  powers  lies  beyond  the  scope  of  the  sensu- 
ous observation,  and  are  thus  compelled  to 
recognize  the  existence  of  a  supernatural 
power  "which  hath  created  all  things,"  and 
"  in  whom  wo  live  and  move  and  have  our 
being,"  so  that  science  and  religion  may  be 
said  alike  to  declare  that 

Behind  the  dim  unknown 
Standeth  God,  within  the  shadow, 
Keeping  watch  above  his  own. 

— Christian  Advocate. 


is  the  vital  breath  of  faith 


Selected. 

BENEDICITE. 
God's  love  and  peace  be  with  thee,  where- 
Soe'er  this  soft  autumnal  air 
Lifts  the  dark  tresses  of  thy  hair. 

Whether  through  city  casements  cornea 

Its  kiss  to  thee,  in  crowded  rooms, 

Or,  out  among  the  woodland  blooms, 

It  freshens  o'er  thy  thoughtful  face, 

Imparling  in  its  glad  embrace 

Beauty  to  beauty,  grace  to  grace ! 

Fair  nature's  book  together  read, 

The  old  wood  paths  that  knew  our  tread, 

The  maple  shadows  overhead, — 

The  hills  we  climbed,  the  river  seen 

By  gleams  along  its  deep  ravine, — 

All  keep  thy  memory  fresh  and  green. 

Where'er  I  look,  where'er  I  stray, 

Thy  thought  goes  with  me  on  my  way, 

And  hence  the  prayer  I  breathe  to-day  : 

O'er  lapse  of  time  and  change  of  scene, 

The  weary  waste  which  lies  between 

Thyself  and  me,  my  heart  I  lean. 

Thou  lack'st  not  Friendship's  spellword,  nor 

The  half  unconscious  power  to  draw 

All  hearts  to  thine,  by  love's  sweet  law. 

With  these  good  gifts  of  God  is  cast 

Thy  lot,  and  many  a  charm  thou  hast 

To  hold  the  blessed  angels  fast. 

If  then  a  fervent  wish  for  thee 

The  gracious  heavens  will  heed  from  me 

What  should,  dear  heart,  its  burden  be  ? 

The  sighing  of  a  shaken  reed,— 

What  can  I  more  than  meekly  plead 

The  greatness  of  our  common  need  ? 

God's  love,— unchanging,  pure,  and  true,— 

The  Paraclete,  white-shining  through— 

His  peace, — the  fall  of  Hermon's  dew  ! 

With  such  a  prayer  on  this  sweet  day, 

As  thou  mayst  hear  and  I  may  say 

I  greet  thee,  dearest,  far  away! 

__^___  —J.  67.  Whiilier. 

LOVELINESS.  *"■ 

"  Beautiful  thoughts  make   a  beautiful  soul,  and  a 
beautiful  soul  makes  a  beautiful  face." 
Once  I  knew  a  little  girl, 

Very  plain  ; 
You  might  try  her  hair  to  curl, 


All. 


Paled  and  blushed,  o: 
She  was  plain. 


of  rose 

c  sought  repose  : 


But  the  thoughts  that  through  her  brain 

Came  and  went, 
As  a  recompense  for  pain, 

Angels  sent; 
So  full  many  a  beauteous  thing, 
In  the  young  soul  blossoming, 

Gave  content. 

Every  thought  was  full  of  grace, 

Pure  and  true  ; 
And  in  time  the  homely  face 

Lovelier  grew; 
With  a  heavenly  radiance  bright, 
From  the  soul's  reflected  light 

Shining  through. 

Shall  I  tell  you,  little  child, 

Plain  or  poor, 
If  your  thoughts  are  undefiled, 

You  are  sure 
Of  the  loveliness  of  worth  ; 
And  this  beauty,  not  of  earth, 

Will  endure. 


'  A  servant,  with  this  clause, 
Makes  drudgery  divine, 
Who  sweeps  a  room,  as  for  Thv  laws, 
Makes  that,  and  the  action,  fine. 
'  This  is  the  famous  stone 

That  tumeth  all  In  gold  ; 
For  that  which  Cod  doll,  touch  and  owi 
Cannot  for  less  be  told." 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

PEACE    IN    DEATH. 

There  is  often  much  comfort  to  be  derived 
from  the  dying  testimonies  of  those  who  have 
endeavored  to  serve  the  Lord  while  in  health  ; 
and  who  feel  on  the  bed  of  death  that  they 
are  not  forsaken  by  their  gracious  Master. 
Such  faithful  servants  are  often  made  to  feel 
that  their  salvation  is  not  from  any  merit  of 
their  own,  and  are  impressed  with  a  sense  of 
their  own  unworthiness,  and  that  there  is  no 
room  for  flesh  to  glory  in  the  Divine  presence, 
yet  they  are  ^enabled  to  rejoice  in  the  mercy 
of  the  Lord  extended  to  them. 

John  Bichardson  testifies  of  his  wife  Pris- 
cilla,  that  she  "loved  retirement  much,  and 
waiting  upon  the  Lord,  and  the  enjoyment  of 
his  internal  and  living  presence,  and  especially 
with  the  Lord's  people,  that  they  might  also 
be  made  partakers  with  her  of  the  like  special 
favors.  This  was  as  her  crown  and  kingdom 
in  this  world,  even  from  her  childhood  ;  and  to 
see  Friends  prosper  in  the  truth  was  matter 
of  great  rejoicing  to  her.  When  we  had  been 
married  scarce  three  years,  the  Lord  raised 
her  up  to  bear  a  public  testimony  amongst 
Friends  in  their  meetings,  which  was  veiy 
comfortable  and  acceptable  to  them  ;  and 
also  she  had  the  spirit  of  grace  and  supplica- 
tion measurably  poured  upon  her,  so  that 
many  with  me  did  believe  she  had  access  to 
the  throne  of  God,  and  to  that  river  which 
maketh  truly  glad  the  city  of  God.  She 
always  freely  gave  mo  up  to  answer  the  ser- 
vice I  believed  the  Lord  called  for  of  me. 

"  She  was  taken  from  me  when  we  had  been 
married  but  about  five  years,  in  the2Sth  year 
of  her  ago,  and  died  in  a  sweet  frame  of  mind 
and  was  sensible  to  the  last;  and  her  last 
words  were,  'He  is  come,  He  is  come,  whom 
my  soul  loves ;  and  my  soul  rejoices  in  God 
my  Saviour,  and  my  spirit  magnifies  Him.'  "      j 

Thomas  Story  relates  that  when  he  was  at 
Philadelphia  in  1699,  the  city  was  afflicted 
with  an  epidemic  of  fatal  sickness,  which 
carried  off  much  people.  He  says:  "I  found 
my  companion  well,  but  many  Friends  on 
their  sick  and  dj-ing  pillows;  and  j-et  never 
could  be  more  of  the  settled  remaining  pre- 
sence of  the  Lord  with  them,  or  scarce  any 
where,  than  was  with  them  at  that  time. 
Such  is  the  goodness  of  God  to  his  own  peo- 
ple, that  in  their  bodily  or  any  other  afflic- 
tions, his  holy  presence  greatly  abates  the 
exercises  of  nature  by  its  divino  consolation. 
O  the  love  that  flowed  in  my  soul  to  several 
in  the  times  of  my  visits  to  them  !  in  which  I 
was  lifted  over  all  fear  of  the  contagion,  and 
yet  not  without  an  awful  regard  toward  the 
Lord  therein." 

"My  companion  and  I  both  remained  in 
town  till  the  23rd  of  the  month,  visiting  the 
sick  Friends  from  timo  to  time,  as  we  found 
necessary  or  expedient.  And  great  was  the 
presence  of  the  love  of  God  with  his  people, 
in  the  midst  of  this  trying  visitation  ;  which 
gave  us  occasion  to  say,  '  (rood  is  the  Lord, 
anil  greatly  to  bo  feared,  loved  and  obeyed ;' 
for  though  He  suffers  afflictions  to  como  upon 
his  own  chosen  people,  in  common  with  othor 
men  ;  yet  that,  which  otherwise  would  be  in- 
tolerable, is  made  as  nothing,  by  how  much 
the  sense  thereof  is  swallowed  up  and  im- 
merged  in  his  divine  love.  ()  the  melting  love! 
<>  the  immortal  sweetness  I  enjoyed  with 
several,  as  they  lay  under  the  exercise  of  tho 


THE    FRIEND. 


213 


evouring  evil,  (though  unspeakably  com- 
irted  in  the  Lord  ;)  let  my  soul  remember  it, 
nd  wait  low  before  the  Lord  to  the  end  of 
ly  days." 

Mary  Fletcher  relates  of  her  estimable  bus- 
and,  John  Fletcher,  that  when  near  the  end 
F  his  life,  "  he  told  me  he  had  received  such 
manifestation  of  the  full  meaning  of  those 
ords,  God  is  love,  as  he  could  never  be  able 
)  express.  '  It  fills  my  heart,'  said  he,  'every 
loment.  O  Polly,  my  dear  Polly,  God  is  love! 
bout,  shout  aloud  !  I  want  a  gust  of  praise 
>  go  to  the  ends  of  the  earth.'  " 
Of  Peter  Gardiner,  whose  remarkable  visit 
)  Scotland  is  familiar  to  many  of  our  readers, 
is  recorded  that  he  "  made  a  very  sweet  and 
savenly  end."  To  one  who  came  into  his 
ek  chamber,  he  said,  "I  am  sick  in  body, 
at  the  Lord  reigns  gloriously  in  Zion  :  His 
Dwcr  is  over  all  his  enemies."  His  last  mes- 
ige  to  be  sent  to  Friends  of  his  own  neigh- 
grhood,  is  very  touching:  "I  have  sweet 
3ace  with  Him  that  is  the  Redeemer  of  Is- 
tel,  and  am  now  waiting  for  my  Pilot  to 
>nduct  me  to  my  long  home." 
When  John  Churchman  of  Nottingham, 
as  on  his  death-bed,  although  his  pain  was 
'ten  great,  he  would  many  times  in  a  day, 
teak  forth  into  a  kind  of  melody  with  his 
jice,  without  uttering  words,  which,  as  he 
Rnetimes  intimated  was  an  involuntary  as- 
iration  of  his  soul  in  praise  to  the  Lord,  who 
id  again  been  pleased  to  shine  forth  in 
rightness  after  many  days  of  poverty  and 
jep  baptism,  which  though  painful,  had 
:-ovcd  beneficial  to  him,  being  a  means  of 
rther  purifying  from  the  dross  of  nature, 
few  hours  before  the  close  of  life  ho  said. 
I  am  much  refreshed  with  my  Master's 
vcet  air ;  I  feel  more  life,  more  light,  more 
ve  and  sweetness  than  ever  before,"  and 
"ten  mentioned  the  Divine  refreshment  and 
>mfort  he  felt  flowing  like  a  pure  stream  to 
is  inward  man,  saying  to  those  who  were 
ith  him,  "  I  may  tell  you  of  it,  but  you  can- 
Dt  feel  it  as  I  do." 

These  and  thousands  of  others  have  verified 
,  their  experience  the  testimony  borne  by 
le  late  Samuel  Cope  in  one  of  his  public  tes- 
monies,  that  the  Christian  religion  is  one 
to  live  by"  and  "to  die  by."  One  of  the 
;eakest  points  in  the  system  of  those  who 
sject  it,  is  the  absence  of  any  light  or  hope 
I  to  the  future,  when  this  stage  of  existence 
ids.  There  all,  to  them,  is  darkness  and 
oubt.  A.  T.  Rankin  gives  the  following 
Xrrative  of  one  whose  sceptical  views  on  the 
foroach  of  death  could  not  give  him  the  sup- 
lit  which  he  then  felt  to  be  necessary.  He 
ys:— 

'■  In  the  earlj-  part  of  my  life,  travelling  in 
astern  Virginia,  at  one  of  the  interior  towns 
as  introduced  to  Col.  W.,  a  gentleman  of 
ealth  and  eminence  in  the  community  where 
i  lived.  Surrounded  with  the  blandishments 
social  and  domestic  life,  often  called  to  bear 
e  honors  and  reap  the  profits  of  office,  he 
emed  happily  situated.  Some  years  after- 
ard  a  newspaper,  containing  an  account  of 
death,  was  sent  me.  When  death  ap- 
-oached  and  eternity  opened,  he  felt  the  folly 
'  living  without  religion.  In  his  last  hours 
pious  slave  directed  him  to  the  Saviour  of 
oners.  When  the  minister,  for  whom  he 
nt,  entered  his  room,  he  said  :  '  There,  sir, 
)u  see  a  faithful  old  servant,  who  has  an- 
vered  the  end  of  his  being  better  than  I  have, 
e  is  a  Christian,  and  I  am  a  lost  sinner.     I 


common  method  is  to  sentence  a  man  first 
then  hear  his  defence  afterward. 

But  there  is  a  third  offence,  against  which 
total  abstinence  pledges  are  as  needful  as 
against  brandy-bottles  or  punch-bowls  ;  and 
that  is  the  daily,  dirty,  detestable  offence  of 
slander.  God's  word  puts  a  prohibitory  veto 
on  this  crying  sin.  "  Thou  shalt  not  raise  a 
false  report ;"  "  Thou  sbalt  not  bear  false 
witness  against  thy  neighbor."  The  first 
prohibits  starting  a  lie,  the  second  forbids 
the  circulation  of  it.  Here  the  "  partaker  is 
as  bad  as  a  thief."  To  pass  counterfeit  money 
is  as  bad  as  to  issue  it.  Every  slander  has 
some  father  who  gave  birth  to  it ;  but  it  has 
a  dozen  or  more  adopted  fathers  who  have 
taken  it  to  bring  up. 

All  who  circulate  a  lie  father  the  lie.  Here 
comes  in  the  duty  of  the  muzzle.  If  a  bottle 
of  strong  drink  is  circulating  at  asocial  board, 
it  is  my  duty  as  a  teetotalar  to  stop  it  when 
it  reaches  my  plate.  If  I  decline  to  pass  the 
decanter  to  my  neighbor,  I  have  set  the  seal 
of  disapproval  on  the  custom  of  drinking. 
So,  when  a  slander  reaches  my  ear  it  is  my 
duty  to  stop  it  right  there,  and  to  see  that  it  is 
not  passed  on  from  1113*  tongue  into  another's 
ear.  The  moment  I  repeat  a  scandal  it  be- 
comes mine.  My  endorsement  has  gone  down 
on  the  back  of  the  lie,  and  henceforth  it  is 
"  my  paper" — I  am  responsible  for  it. 

Christian  people  often  soil  their  religion 
most  sadly  by  a  participation  in  seandal- 
mongering.  The  very  man  who  would  scorn 
to  steal  a  dime  will  thoughtlessly  filch  away 
his  neighbor's  good  name,  and  without  a 
scruple. 

A  loose  tongue  is  more  than  a  foible  ;  it  is 


would  rather  now  be  what  be  is  than  what  I 
am,  though  I  possessed  the  wealth  of  the  Indies. 
I  have  been  a  wretched  disciple  of  Paine;  and, 
what  is  worse,  I  have  endeavored  to  make 
others  as  bad  as  myself.  What  have  I  gained 
by  all  the  deistical  works  of  which  I  once  was 
so  fond  ?  Nothing  but  the  horror  and  distress 
of  mind  which  I  now  suffer.  Now  they  seem 
to  me  as  the  poison  of  the  serpent.' 

"  To  his  associates  in  disbelief  he  said  :  '  I 
once  held  the  same  opinions.  I  hold  them  no 
longer.  I  cannot  die  an  infidel.  God  have 
mercy  upon  me,  a  poor,  mean,  vile  sinner.'  " 

Muzzling  the  Mouth. 

That  would  be  a  remarkable  horse  which 
should  never  need  a  bit  or  a  bridle.  But  such 
animals  are  not  more  scarce  than  are  the 
people  who  never  need  to  muzzle  their  mouths 
or  to  bridle  their  tongues. 

When  ancient  David  was  tempted  to  com- 
plain of  God  in  the  hearing  of  idolatrous 
scoffers,  he  prudently  said  :  "I  will  take  heed 
with  my  ways  that  I  sin  not  with  my  tongue. 
I  will  muzzle  my  mouth  while  the  wicked 
are  before  me."  The  original  Hebrew  word 
describes  an  apparatus  for  silencing  the  lips 
entirely.  It  is  not  a  "  bridle"  (as  our  version 
renders  it.)  but  a  muzzle  upon  the  unruly 
member.  Lest  the  Psalmist  should  say  un- 
wise things  or  mischievous  things,  he  puts 
the  veto  of  silence  upon  his  tongue ;  and  there 
are  many  occasions  in  life  in  which  we  would 
do  well  to  imitate  his  example. 

We  ought  to  muzzle  our  lips  when  violent 
provocation  tempts  to  hot  words.  "Swift  to 
hear,  slow  to  speak,"  is  the  Bible  rule.  Too 
often  we  reverse  this  Scriptural  precept,  and 
are  deaf  to  hear  explanations,  but  quick  toloften  an  abominable  sin.  Lying  lips  are  an 
discharge  angry  recriminations.  The  utter-  abomination  to  the  Lord.  Thofifteenth  Psalm 
ances  which  cost  us  most  suffering  are  the  jcuts  terribly  close  upon  him  "  that  backbiteth 
hasty  words  which  leap  out  under  the  excite-|  with  his  tongue,  and  doeth  evil  to  his  neigh- 
ment  of  sudden  anger  or  of  limber-tongued  jbor,  and  taketh  up  a  slander  against  his  neigh- 
levity.  It  is  astonishing  what  complete  fools  Ibor."  The  sin  is  in  taking  up  the  slimy 
we  can  make  of  ourselves  in  two  short  minutes,  [reptile,  instead  of  leaving  it  to  die  in  the  mire. 
Nearly  all  the  cutting,  resentful,  or  abusive!  A  fitting  prayer  for  a  true  child  of  Jesus  is  : 
things  we  utter  would  never  have  been  spoken  J  "Oh,  Lord,  set  a  watch  on  the  door  of  my 
at  all  if  we  had  taken  a  half-hour  to  cool  lips !  Help  me  to  take  heed  to  my  ways, 
down.  When  excited,  let  us  clap  on  the  [that  I  sin  not  with  my  tongue."  With  this 
muzzle.  An  hour  later  we  can  take  off  theiprayer  should  go  that  vow  of  Christian  mag- 
brakes,  for  the  danger  is  over,  the  powder  nanimity  and  brotherly  love:  "I  will  keep 
has  flashed,  and  ended  in  smoke.  Very  few  my  mouth  with  a  muzzle.  I  will  do  unto 
persons  can  be  trusted  to  speak  while  the  "another  as  I  would  that  another  do  unto  me." 
temper  is  boiling  hot  over  a  sudden  provoca-j — Zion's  Watchman. 
tion.     It  is  not  every  one  who  returns  an  in-  j  — rrrr      ~~ 

suit  as  old  Oliver  Cromwell  did,  by  kindly!  A   Trip   to    Yellowstone   Park, 

inviting  the  abusive  assailant  to  "go  homei  by  c.  d.  foss. 

and  dine  with  bim."  Even  when  impertinence  |  Having  received  from  a  friend  who  was 
deserves  rebuke,  it  is  a  great  thing  to  do  it  about  to  visit  the  Yellowstone  National  Park 
handsomely.  the  offer  of  a  pass  for  myself  and  my  wife  to 

We  have  use  for  a  muzzle  on  our  mouths  jthat  wonderland  of  the  world,  I  managed  to 
when  tempted  to  say  savage  or  uncharitable  get  the  last  days  of  [Eighth  month]  for  a 
things  about  others.  So  many  things  have  a  most  delightful  and  memorable  tour.  Our 
bad 'look  at  first  sight  which  look  totally1"" 
different  on  closer  examination,  that  it  is  a 
good  rule  never  to  pronounce  a  severe  judg- 
ment till  we  know  the  facts  and  the  reasons 
therefor.  We  are  often  blamed  most  our- 
selves for  acts  which  we  did  for  the  best  of 
reasons,  and  from  the  purest  of  motives.  Let 
us  then  apply  this  same  principle  to  others, 
and  say  to  ourselves  :  "  Must  not  that  man 
have  an  explanation  of  his  conduct  that  is 
satisfactory?  I  w7ill  muzzle  my  mouth  till  I 
hear  what  he  has  to  say  for  himself."  The 
charity  that  suft'ereth  long  ought  to  keep 
every  case  open  until  the  accused  one  has  a 
full  chance   of  self-defence.      Alas!    the  too 


party  of  seven  was  made  up  of  Methodists 
from  Minneapolis.  Our  route  through  North- 
ern Minnesota  and  Eastern  Dakota  was  a 
constant  surprise  in  its  revelation  of  the  rapid 
development  of  that  great  wheat-garden  of 
the  continent.  Brainerd,  Moorhead,  Fargo, 
Bismarck,  (the  new  capital  of  Dakota,)  Man- 
dan,  and  many  other  towns,  seem  to  have 
responded  to  the  magic  shriek  of  the  locomo- 
tive by  springing  up  out  of  the  prairies  in  a 
night.  But  they  have  come  to  sta}-.  Their 
hotels,  stores  and  banks  would  do  credit  to 
many  an  eastern  town  ten  times  as  large  ; 
and  the  immense  tides  of  immigration  pour- 
ing Ihrouirh   them  to   multiply   the  area  of 


214 


THE    FRIEND. 


golden  harvests  aro  sure  to  make  many  a 
village  into  the  "  city"  which  it  has  christened 
itself  at  birth.  Livingston,  Montana,  is  one 
among  many  examples  of  a  growth  so  rapid 
as  to  be  incomprehensible,  if  not  incredi- 
ble, without  actual  observation  of  it.  Ten 
months  (not  years)  ago  there  was  not  a 
single  house  there;  now  there  are  2,500  in- 
habitants, and  no  man  can  predict  how  soon 
there  will  be  10,000.  Lots  in  the  chief  busi- 
ness street  are  worth  $80  per  front  foot. 
Such  facts  help  to  explain  that  very  preva- 
lent greed  for  the  rapid  accumulation  of  wealth 
which  so  seriously  embarrasses  the  spiritual 
work  of  the  Church  throughout  the  North- 
west. 

The  Pyramid  Park  in  Western  Dakota  is 
an  exceedingly  curious  region  of  country. 
This  name  describes  it  much  better  than  that 
given  it  by  the  Indians,  because  of  the  diffi- 
culty of  travel  in  it — bad  lands.  It  is  not 
arable,  but  it  is  by  no  means  a  total  desert. 
It  abounds  in  large  game,  and  furnishes 
scanty,  but  nutritious,  pasturage  for  vast 
herds  of  cattle.  Its  eccentric  geological  for- 
mations, grotesque  landscapes,  extraordinary 
and  abundantfossils,and  mountain-like  masses 
of  conglomerate  in  the  most  fantastic  forms, 
(pyramids,  towers,  pillars,  and  domes,)  all 
gorgeoush'  bedecked  with  red,  grey,  green, 
brown,  and  other  colors,  give  unique  and 
ever-varying  interest  to  the  journey  through 
it.  The  Yellowstone  National  Park  includes 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  Territory  of 
Wyoming,and  also  a  narrow  strip  of  Montana, 
on  the  north,  and  of  Idaho  on  the  west.  It 
is  sixty  five  miles  long  and  fifty-five  miles 
wide,  and  is  larger  than  Delaware  and  Ehode 
Island  together.  It  is  situated  on  the  eastern 
edge  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  chain,  and  has 
an  average  elevation  of  about  S,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  its  lowest  valley  being  higher 
than  the  highest  mountain  peak  in  New  Eng- 
land. Nowhere  else  on  the  face  of  the  earth 
can  there  be  found  such  a  multitude  and 
variety  of  natural  wonders,  and  especially 
such  abundant  evidences  of  intensely  heated 
subterranean  waters.  The  eye  of  the  tourist 
is  arrested,  delighted,  and  startled  in  turn  bj- 
grand  mountains  flecked  with  perpetual  snow, 
and  radiant  with  strange  varieties  of  color, 
lovely  lakes,  roaring  torrents,  the  greenest 
of  green,  and  the.  bluest  of  blue,  towering 
precipices,  immense  gulches  and  canons,  cliffs 
of  volcanic  glass,  mighty  cataracts,  verdant 
valleys,  seething  pots  of  many-colored  mud, 
boiling  springs — many  hundreds  of  them  of 
every  conceivable  variety,  some  of  them  large 
steaming  lakes  of  wondrously  transparent 
depth,  and  of  indoscribable  richness  of  color- 
ing, emerald,  turquoise,  topaz,  prismatic  ;  ap 
palling  caldrons,  roaring  steam-vents;  above 
all,  genuine  geysers  of  every  size,  form,  and 
period  of  eruption,  including  much  the  largest 
known  in  any  land. 

The  northern  gateway  to  tho  Park  is  at 
once  beautiful  and  grand.  A  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  runs  southward 
some  fifty  miles,  and  terminates  five  miles 
from  the  Mammoth  hot,  springs.  Its  course 
is  up  the  valley  of  the  Yellowstone  River,  tin 
chief  tributary  of  the  Upper  Missouri.  Para 
disc  Valley,  nestling  between  lofty  and  pre 
cipitous  mountains  and  deep  canons,  in  one 
of  which  the  river  is  compressed  into  a  rocky 
Strait  less  than  HID  feet  wide.)  we  found  the, 
railroad  not  completed,  and  reached  the  Mam 
moth  bot  springs  by  a  fourtocn-milo  stage  ride 


These  great  terrace-building,  steaming  springs 
fill  the  beholder  with  constant  wonder  and 
delight,  but  cannot  be  adequately  described. 
In  the  course  of  the  ages  they  have  (from 
their  own  calcareous  deposits)  gradually  built 
up  terraces  in  the  ascending  valley  to  a  height 
of  200  feet,  and  covering  an   area  of  three 

quare  miles.  The  existing  springs  occupy 
170  acres  of  this  space.  The  general  color  of 
the  vast  terrace  mounds  is  a  brilliant  white, 
varied,  however,  with  other  rich  tints.    Each 

mpid  spring  builds  up  its  own  crystal  rim  a 
few  inches  or  a  few  feet,  all  the  while  flowing 
over  it  into  the  bowl  below,  until  in  the  valley 
several  hot  torrents  rush  away  to  the  Gardiner 
River. 

After  a  night's  rest  and  a  morning's  walk 
about  the  hot  springs,  we  took  wagons  for  a 
five-days'  tour  in  the  Park.  During  our  first 
drive  of  twenty-five  miles  we  passed  the 
Obsidian  cliffs.  These  are  almost  vertical 
s  of  volcanic  glass,  250  feet  in  height. 
They  glisten  like  jet  variegated  with  red  and 
yellow.  Vast  masses  have  fallen.  It  was 
necessary  to  construct  a  road  over  them. 
This  was  done  by  the  superintendent  of  the 
Park,  who  built  great  fires  on  them,  and  then 
dashed  on  water.  This  fractured  them  into 
fragments  which  could  be  handled,  and  a 
glass  carriage-wa3T  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
length  was  made. 

At  nightfall  we  reached  the  Norris  geyser 
basin,  and  slept  in  a  hotel  tent  with  five  good 
woolen  blankets  on  each  bed.  In  the  morn- 
ing there  was  a  quarter  of  an  inch  of  ice  in 
our  pitchers,  and  yet  every  day  the  heat  was 
scorching  for  several  hours.  This  basin  is  a 
vast  collection  of  hot  springs,  pools,  and 
geysers — many-colored,  snow-white,  jet  black, 
ind  so  on.    Some  of  the  springs  are  paint-pots, 

n  which  pasty  clay  of  divers  colors  boils  and 
sputters.  One  is  a  large  mud  pot,  which  dis- 
charges frequent  jets  of  pale-drab  spray. 
There  is  but  one  large  geyser  in  the  Norris 
basin,  the  Monarch,  which  sends  up  an  ample 
column  110  feet  high  once  a  day  ;  but  there 
are  several  very  interesting  small  ones,  such 
as  the  Minute  Man,  which  justifies  its  name 
by  a  strong  spurt  30  feet  high  about  once  in 
63  seconds,  and  tho  Vixen  (most  fitly  so- 
called,)  which  spits  and  spurts  angrilj-  and 
almost  constantly.  The  Midway  geyser  basin 
is  full  of  objects  of  interest,  among  which  I 
can  refer  only  to  those  in  a  single  locality 
called  "  Hell's  Half-acre."  We  christened  it 
"Paradise  Lost."  Here  in  close  proximity 
are  three  most  striking  sights — the  Turquoise 
bowl,  100  feet  across,  filled  with  dark  blue 
water;  the  Grand  Prismatic  spring,  250  by 
350  feet;  and  the  stupendous  Excelsior  (or 
Sheridan)  geyser,  which  not  only  hurls  a 
body  of  water  00  feet  in  diameter  to  a  height 
of  250  feet,  but  scatters  rocks  for  acres  round. 
By  far  the  largest  collection  of  gej-ers  is  in 
the  Upper  Geyser  basin,  fifty  miles  south 
from  the  Mammoth  hot  springs.  Here,  in  a 
narrow  valley  two  miles  long,  aro  geysers  far 
surpassing  in  number  and  in  size  thoso  of 
Iceland,  New  Zealand,  or  any  other  part  of 
tho  world.  Some  of  their  names  are  very 
suggestive:  Old  Faithful,  the  Bee-hive,  Cas- 
tle, Splendid.  Grand,  Giantess,  Giant,  Lion, 
Lioness  ami  ( lubs,  the  Saw-mill,  ( lomet,  River- 
side, Fan.  Some  of  them  have  buill  upsloping 
mounds  covering  many  acres,  and  capped 
with  cones  from  lour  to  twenty  feel  high, 
Their  periods  of  eruption  vary  from  a  lew 
seconds  to  fifteen  days  Drlongei    their  height 


from  a  few  yards  to  300  feet;  their  volume, 
from  an  amusing  spray  to  an  awful  flood. 
Some  are  steaming,  sizzling,  boiling,  roaring, 
or  groaning  constantly;  others  entirely  quiel 
until  just  before  eruption.  The  first  large 
geyser  I  saw  in  action  was  Old  Faithful,  and  aE 
its  stately  column  rose  to  a  height  of  150  feet 
this  deep  impression  thrilled  me  :  "  Great  and 
marvellous  are  thy  works,  O  Lord  God  Ai 
mighty  !"  For  two  days,  whenever  I  sat  at 
my  tent  door,  the  same  august  spectacle 
greeted  me  at  intervals  ranging  from  forty  tc 
seventy-five  minutes,  with  an  ever-heighten* 
ing  impression.  Majestically  beautiful  ari 
thou.  Old  Faithful?  Thou  sbalt  ever  keep  thy 
place  in  the  picture  gallery  of  my  memory 
beside  Jungfrau,  Lake  George  and  the  Milar, 
Cathedral.  The  Bee  hive,  from  its  two-fool 
nozzle,  sends  to  a  height  of  219  feet  a  smooth 
stream,  which  dissipates  in  vapor  and  is  girt 
about  with  rainbows.  The  Lion  growls  anc 
flirts  out  a  ragged  torrent  angrily.  The  Grand 
lifts  a  lordly  column  250  feet  for  half  an  horn 
with  huge  successive  throbs.  The  Giantesf 
is  entirely  quiet  for  ten  or  fifteen  days,  and 
then,  with  awful  rumblings,  which  make  th( 
whole  valley  tremble,  she  lifts  herself  alofji 
for  many  hours  together  in  a  terrible  torrent 
which  swells  and  heats  the  river  at  her  base* 
We  had  but  five  days  in  the  Park,  an« 
were  obliged  to  forego  many  its  most  interest 
ing  sights.  We  especially  regretted  that  w« 
could  not  visit  its  weird  lake,  the  loftiest 
large  lake  in  North  America,  nearly  half  : 
mile  higher  than  the  peak  of  Mount  Washing, 
ton  ;  the  falls  of  the  Yellowstone,  one  a  sheet) 
cataract  plunging  300  feet ;  and  the  Gran^ 
Canon,  which  many  tourists  remember  as  bj 
far  the  grandest  and  most  impressive  spect* 
cle  in  all  this  most  wonderful  pleasure-grounc 
of  the  world. — -North-icestem  Christian  A$ 
vacate. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Purchase  of  Popocatepetl. — It  is  said,  partiei 
are  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  this  Mexi 
can  volcano,  to  utilize  the  deposits  of  sulphur 
It  is  proposed  to  tunnel  into  the  crater  in  ordei 
to  facilitate  the  mining  of  the  sulphur,  and  tc 
build  a  railway  from  the  mouth  of  the  tunne 
to  connect  with  tho  Inter-oceanic  Railway. 

Chocolate. — This  consists  of  the  eacao-nu 
freed  from  skin,  and  ground  and  mixed  witl 
sugar.  The  Cacao-tree  is  cultivated  in  thi 
central  parts  of  America,  and  is  grown  unde: 
the  shade  of  other  trees.  The  flowers  aw 
white  and  very  small,  and  come  in  cluster! 
on  all  parts  of  the  plant,  even  on  the  woody 
roots  creeping  over  the  earth.  The  cacao  it 
rich  in  nutritous  principles;  besides  a  larg« 
quantity  of  fatty  material,  nitrogenous  sub: 
stances  similar  to  albumen  and  caseine  an 
found  in  it. 

Injury  by  Heat. — In  the  ordinary  rivet  ma 
chine,  where  copper  rivets  aro  made  for  bolt 
ing  purposes,  tho  hammer  with  which  the 
head  is  made  is  a  cylinder  of  hardened  cas 
steel.  It  strikes  a  blow  against  the  end  of  i 
bit  of  soft  copper  wire,  and  instantly  so  mucl| 
heat  is  evolved,  that  not  only  is  tho  rivet  to< 
hot  to  bo  handled,  but  the  steel  hammer 
affected  to  almost  as  great  an  extent; 
least,  the  repeated  blows  of  the  steel  against 
tho  soft  copper  anneal  tho  steel  and  rapid! 
destroy  its  integrity. — Scientific  American. 

Engraved  Eggs.—A\  the  time  of  the  Spam's! 
war  in  1808  there  was  found  in  one  of  tH 
church  edifices  in  Lisbon  an  egg,  on  the  shol 


THE    FRIEND. 


215 


f  '\\hicb  was  announced  the  approaching 
ixlermination  of  the  French.    Thisfactcaused 

ively  fermentation  in  the  minds  of  the  super- 
titious  Portuguese  population,  and  came  near 
ausing  an  uprising. 

The  French  commander  remedied  the  mat- 
er very  ingeniously  by  distributing  through- 
ut  the  city  thousands  of  eggs  that  bore  en- 
graved on  them  a  contradiction  of  the  pre- 
lietion.  The  Portuguese,  deeply  astonished, 
lid  not  know  what  to  think  of  it,  but  thou- 
lands  of  eggs  giving  the  lie  to  the  prediction 
Ingraved  upon  one  only,  had  the  power  of 
lie  majority.  In  addition,  a  few  days  after- 
wards, posters  put  up  on  all  the  street  corners 
tointed  out  the  manner  in  which  the  miracle 
fas  performed.  The  mode  of  doing  it  is  very 
imple. 

It  consists  in  writing  on  the  egg  shell  with 
rax  or  varnish,  or  even  with  tallow,  and 
hen  immersing  the  egg  in  some  weak  acid, 
uch  as  vinegar  or  dilute  hydrochloric  acid. 
Everywhere,  where  the  varnish  or  wax  has 
lot  protected  the  shell,  the  lime  of  the  latter 
s  dissolved  in  the  acid,  and  the  writing  or 
Irawing  remains  in  relief. — La  Nature. 

Fire  Carried  in  Cotton. — It  is  said  that  fire 
rill  lurk  in  a  cotton  bale  for  weeks.  Some 
lotton  which  was  injured  at  Biddleford,  Me., 
pas  moved  to  South  Boston  for  sale.  The 
ire  broke  out  again  more  than  once  while 
t  was  at  South  Boston  being  made  ready 
or  sale.     It  was  then  sold  at  auction.     The 


to  range  about,  he  was  in  general  chained  up 
during  the  day. 

'■  On  a  certain  day,  when  he  was  let  out,  he 
was  observed  to  attach  himself  particularly 
to  his  master.  When  the  servant  came  as 
usual,  to  fasten  him  up,  he  clung  so  determi- 
nately  to  his  master's  feet,  and  showed  such 
anger  when  they  attempted  to  force  him 
away,  and  altogether  was  so  peculiar  in  his 
manner,  that  the  gentleman  desired  him  to 
be  left  as  be  was. 

"  With  him  the  dog  continued  the  whole 
day  ;  and  when  night  came  on,  still  he  stayed ; 
and  on  going  towards  his  bedroom,  the  dog 
resolutely  and  for  the  first  time  in  his  life, 
went  up  with  him,  and,  rushing  into  his  room, 
took  refuge  under  the  bed,  whence  neither 
blows  nor  caresses  could  draw  him. 

"In  the  midst  of  the  night  a  man  burst 
into  the  room,  and,  with  dagger  in  hand, 
attempted  to  stab  the  sleeper.  But  the  dog 
started  at  the  robber's  neck,  fastened  his  fangs 
in  him,  and  so  kept  him  down  that  his  master 
had  time  to  call  for  assistance  and  secure  the 
ruffian,  who  turned  out  to  be  the  coachman. 
He  afterwards  confessed  that,  seeing  his  mas- 
ter receive  a  large  sum  of  money,  he  and  the 
groom  conspired  together  to  rob  and  murder 
him,  and  that  they  plotted  the  whole  scheme 
leaning  over  the  roof  of  the  dog's  kennel." 

The  foregoing  statement  does  not  assert 
that  the  dog  understood  human  language  as 
completely  as  the  men  themselves  did  ;  but 
it  is  evident  that  the  animal  did  gather  from 
the  conversation  of  the  men  that  they  in- 
J.   G.  Wood's 


ire  broke  out  again  in  one  parcel  while  it 

vas  on  the  cars  being  carried  awaj* ;  and  in 

mother  parcel  after  it  had  been  received  at  j tended  to  injure  his  master 

i  factory  where  it  was  to  be  used.  il/ism  and  Beast. 

Insanity  from  Alcohol. — A  paper  by  Dr.  |  Ancient  Belies. — In  digging  for  the  Cape 
3aer,  of  Berlin,  Germany,  read  at  a  meeting  Cod  Canal,  there  has  been  found,  about  eigh- 
)f  the  National  Association  for  the  protection  teen  feet  below  the  surface,  marsh  mud.  The 
)f  the  Insane,  states  that  in  all  civilized  coun-  fact  is  a  strong  comment  on  the  drifting  Cape 
,ries  insanity  increases  in  a  greaterproportion  ■  sands,  which  have  reared  the  shoals  of  Ply- 
,han  the  increase  of  population.  Among  the  .mouth  harbor,  the  bars  of  Chatham  or  Nan 
mbits  of  modern  society  which  exercise  a  tucket.  The  same  diggings  have  brought  to 
pernicious  influence  upon  the  physical  as 'light,  from  beneath  this  sand,  at  about  the 
svell  as  the  mental  and  moral  organization  of  j  same  depth,  the  still  recognizable  frame  of  an 
nan,  he  says  there  is  none  so  lasting  in  its^ak  flume  or  race-way.  By  tradition  and 
jffects,  none  so  harmful,  as  the  abuse  of  in-jtown  record  that  same  flume  could  only  be 
spxicating  liquors.  "  Intemperance  is  an  in-jlong  to  the  ancient  tide-mill,  which  Acadians 
sxhaustible  source  of  the  development  and  built  in  1750,  in  their  exile  by  the  sea.  Further 
increase  of  insanity.''  "In  comparing  the  inland  borings  have  brought  to  the  surface 
number  of  drinking  saloons  in  the  different  the  smooth   wave-worn   stones,  which   show 


provinces  of  the  kingdom  of  Prussia  with  the 
number  of  insane,  I  was  enabled  to  show 
conclusively,  that  everywhere,  where  the 
number  of  drinking  places,  i.  e.,  the  consump- 
tion of  alcohol,  was  greatest,  the  number 
of  insane  was  also  largest."  "  Under  the  in- 
fluence of  alcohol,  the  individual  constitution 
of  the  drinker  becomes  lowered  and  depraved, 
and,  according  to  the  law  of  inheritance,  is 
transmitted  through  the  progeny  to  the  race." 

Herbarium  of  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. — • 
The  Herbarium  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  is  believed  to  contain 
representations  of  nearly  three-fourths  of  the 
whole  flora  of  the  earth,  which  at  the  present 
time  is  computed  to  be  about  100,000  species. 

Communication  of  Ideas  from  Man  to  Ani- 
mals.— The  following  anecdote  related  by  the 
late  Csesar  Otway,  who  produces  vouchers 
for  the  exact  truth  of  the  story,  affords  a  re- 
markable instance  of  the  capability  possessed 
by  the  lower  animals  of  understanding  the 
language  of  man. 

"A  gentleman  of  property  had  a  mastiff  of 
great  size,  very  watchful,  and  altogether  a 
fine  intelligent  animal.     Though  often  let  out 


that  through  the  gap  between  the  Sandwich 
hills  the  sea  once  flowed. — Boston  Transcript. 


THE    FRIEND. 


SECOND  MONTH   9,   I--I. 


There  are  many  illustrations  of  the  prover- 
bial danger  of  being  defiled  by  handling  pitch. 
The  caution  implied  in  it,  may  well  be  heeded 
by  every  one  who- is  tempted  to  depart  from 
the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  Life,  as  revealed  in 
his  heart.  For  every  yielding  to  temptation 
lessens  the  power  of  resistance,  and  tends  to 
strengthen  the  tendencies  to  evil  ;  and  thus 
to  defile  the  heart  and  the  conscience.  How 
many  there  are,  who,  in  looking  back  over 
their  lives,  have  had  to  lament  their  folly,  in 
the  days  of  youth,  in  indulging  in  wrong 
things  ;  and  have  mourned  over  the  defilement 
of  their  thoughts  and  desires  which  have  re- 
sulted from  sinful  indulgences  ! 

But  our  thoughts,  at  this  time,  have  been 
more  especially  turned  to  the  insidious  effects 
of  that  spirit  of  scepticism  which  has  of  latter 


years  so  largely  pervaded  the  scientific  world  ; 
and  to  the  danger  which  attends  those  who 
have  been  religiously  trained  in  their  earlier 
life,  when  they  enter  upon  the  study  and  in- 
vestigation of  the  laws  of  life;  of  the  connec- 
tion between  the  varied  forms  of  animal  and 
vegetable  existence  ;  and  of  the  series  of  facts 
which  show  how  analogous  customs  prevail 
in  widely  different  races  of  men,  in  similar 
degrees  of  social  development. 

Many  of  the  writers  on  such  subjects,  are 
men  of  acute  intellect,  who  have  devoted 
much  labor  to  the  collection  of  facts  which 
bear  upon  their  theories,  and  expended  much 
thought  on  the  comparison  of  those  facts. 
Their  writings  therefore  have  a  value  in  them- 
selves, and  a  charm  for  those  of  an  intellectual 
turn  of  mind.  Yet  many  of  them  do  not  be- 
lieve in  the  truths  of  revealed  religion  ;  and 
while  some  of  them  may  admit  the  probability 
of  the  existence  of  a  great  First  Cause,  they 
yet  take  the  ground  that,  as  scientists,  they 
can  know  nothing  of  Him,  or  his  attributes. 
Their  writings  are  permeated  with  this  infidel 
spirit ;  and  it  is  difficult  for  any  one  to  enter 
on  such  lines  of  study  without  imbibing  in 
some  degree  the  same  tone  of  feeling.  "  Whoso 
toucheth  pitch,  shall  be  defiled  therewith." 

We  do  not  believe  there  is  any  necessary 
connection  between  the  pursuit  of  science  and 
this  hostility  to  revealed  religion  manifested 
by  many  of  its  devotees. 

Learning  has  borne  such  fruit  in  other  days, 
On  all  its  branches.     Piety  has  found 
Friends  in  the  friend.*  of  science;  and  true  prayer 
Has  flowed  from  lips  wet  with  Castalian  dews. 

And  there  are  those  of  modern  times,  of 
whom  the  same  may  truly  be  said.  Yet  it 
cannot  be  denied,  that  there  is  a  tendency  in 
exclusively  intellectual  pursuits  to  produce  a 
feeling  of  power  and  superiority,  which  is  not 
favorable  to  the  reception  of  vital  religion, 
which  is  always  connected  with  the  humbling 
of  the  creature,  and  a  sense  of  nothingness  in 
the  Divine  sight.  A  poor,  humble  suppliant 
for  Divine  favor,  is  the  true  position  of  the 
religious  man — a  dependence  on  one's  own 
intellectual  powers,  and  a  rejection  of  all  that 
he  is  not  able  to  verify  of  himself,  are  the 
traits  most  natural  to  the  man  of  science. 

How  abundantly  does  the  experience  of 
modern  times  verify  the  language  of  Scrip- 
ture— "  the  world  by  wisdom  knew  not  God" 
— and  again  "  the  things  of  God  knoweth  no 
man,  but  the  Spirit  of  God" — "  they  are  fool- 
ishness" unto  the  natural  man.  Those  who, 
by  submission  to  the  teachings  of  grace,  and 
the  power  of  the  Spirit  in  their  hearts,  have 
known  something  of  the  way  and  work  of  the 
Lord,  have  as  positive  proof  of  the  reality  of 
these  things,  as  the  naturalist  has  of  the  won- 
ders revealed  by  the  microscope.  This  per- 
sonal experience  of  religion  is  the  onl}-  foun- 
dation which  cannot  be  shaken.  Those  who 
are  anchored  on  it  are  indeed  building  on  a 
rock  which  is  immovable.  The  conviction 
for  sin  which  follows  wrong  doing,  the  sweet 
peace  of  mind  which  clothes  at  times  the 
obedient  disciple,  the  hoi}7  solemnity  which 
covers  the  spirit  in  the  sense  of  the  presence 
of  Him  who  is  invisible, — are  living  realities; 
and  he  who  has  felt  them  has  no  need  to  be 
disturbed  or  unsettled  by  the  speculations  of 
those  scientists,  whose  thoughts  and  energies 
are  exclusively  directed  to  a  lower  level. 

Faith  is  a  divine  gift,  and  is  bestowed  on 
the  willing  and  obedient — the  humble  and  at- 
tentive listener.     To  these  are  revealed  the 


216 


THE    FRIEND. 


spiritual  mysteries  of  the  kingdom  of  Heaven, 
while  they  are  hidden  from  those  who  trust 
to  their  own  wisdom  and  prudence.  It  con- 
tinues to  be  now  as  it  was  in  the  days  of  our 
Saviour  —  who  rendered  thanks  unto  the 
Father,  because,  "  Thou  hast  hid  these  things 
from  the  wise  and  prudent,  and  hast  revealed 
them  unto  babes." 

In  a  selected  article  in  another  column,  on 
the  "  Supernaturalistic  Tendencies  ot  Ad 
vanced  Science,"  some  facts  are  adduced  to 
show  that  there  is  at  the  present  time  som 
reaction  against  scepticism  among  scientific 
men.  While  this  may  be  the  case,  and  while 
as  stated  before,  there  is  no  necessary  connec 
tion  between  science  and  infidelity,  yet  wo 
believe  it  does  require  a  care  on  the  part  of 
all,  especially  those  in  3-ounger  life  whose  re 
ligious  experience  is  not  very  mature, — as  to 
the  frequent  and  indiscriminate  perusa" 
works  whose  tendency  is  to  undermine  their 
belief  in  an  ever-present  God,  who  watches 
over  his  creation,  and  who  stands  to  us  in  the 
endearing  relation  of  a  Father — :i  our  Father 
in  Heaven" — and  who  is  ever  ready  to  help 
those  who  look  up  to  Him.  Before  they  are 
aware  of  it,  they  may  find  their  minds  defiled 
with  doubts  and  tainted  with  unbelief. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— In  the  U.'S.  Senate  on  the  29th 
ultimo,  the  House  bill  making  an  appropriation  of  $3,- 
750,000  for  payment  of  the  rebate  on  tobacco  tax  was 
passed. 

On  the  31st,  in  the  House,  the  bill  declaring  the  for- 
feiture of  the  lands  granted  to  the  Texas  Pacific  Rail- 
road Company  under  the  act  of  3rd  mo.  3d,  1871,  was 
taken  up  and  passed,  without  debate — yeas  259,  nays  1. 
The  negative  was  Representative  Barr,  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  public  debt  statement  for  1st  month  shows  a  de- 
crease of  $11,958,004. 

The  total  value  of  our  imports  of  merchandise  during 
the  calendar  year  1883,  was  1687,020,122,  a  decrease  of 
$65,823,385  compared  with  1882.  Our  exports  of 
merchandise  during  1883,  were  valued  at  $795, 091, Sim, 
an  increase  of  §27,109,860. 

It  is  reported  that  a  valuable  deposit  of  tin  has  been 
discovered  in  Cleveland  county,  North  Carolina. 

The  American  fishing  fleet  at  Fortune  Bay  are  reap- 
ing a  fine  harvest.  A  despatch  from  Long  Harbor 
gives  a  list  of  twenty  vessels  of  the  fleet  that  report  from 
000  to  800  barrels  each  of  frozen  herrings.  This  com- 
prises the  total  list  of  the  Gloucester  fleet  accounted  for. 

The  ice  crop  harvested  along  the  Hudson  this  season 
X)0  tons,  the  most  € 

1,000,000, 
and  that  of  1882  to  2,000,000  tons. 

A  large  number  of  counterfeit  silver  dollars  have 
been  circulating  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  for  several  days. 
The  spurious  coins  have  been  passed  upon  poor  women, 
mostly  Germans,  in  the  produce  market.  The  counter- 
feits are  tilled  in  with  lead,  the  outside  being  of  silver, 
and  weight  a  little  more  than  the  genuine.  The  mill- 
ing on  the  edges  is  bad. 

Sixty-two  new  pupils  arrived  at  the  Indian  Training 
School  at  Carlisle  on  Seventh-day  morning.  Forty- 
two  of  them  are  Apaches  from  the  San  Carlos  reserva- 
tion ;  the  remainder  Pueblos  from  New  Mexico. 

The  application  of  Mary  G.  Miller  for  a  license  as 
"  Master"  of  a  steamboat  has  been  referred  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  to  the  local  inspectors  of  the  New 
Orleans  district,  with  instructions,  if  she  is  found  com- 
petent on  examination,  to  issue  to  her  the  desired 
license. 

It  is  shown  by  the  records  in  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  of  New  York,  that  within  the  last  three 
years  the  number  of  companies  incorporated  under  the 
Telegraph  < 'omnani,-'  art  is  1  25  di.linct  onranizal ions. 


for  the  same  unfortunates  on  their  confinement 
lunatic  asylum. 

Wendell  Phillips,  the  famous  anti-slavery  advocate 
and  orator,  died  on   Seventh-day  the  2d  instant,  a 
home  in  Boston,  in  the  73d  year  of  his  age. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered 
which  was  17  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
40  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  241  were  males,  and  222  females:  08 
died  of  consumption  ;  46  of  pneumonia;  34  of  scarlet 
fever ;  22  of  old  age ;  18  of  typhoid  fever ;  14  of  mar- 
asmus, and  10  of  measles. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4$'s,  registered,  113J;  coupon, 
1141;  4's,  124;  3's,  101;  currency  6's,  129  a  137. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  al 
lOj  a  11J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  9}  a  9$  cts.  for  export, 
and  10]  a  10jj  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were   unchanged 
sales  of  1S00  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $5 
a  S6;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75;  western 
ditto,  at  $5  a  §5  90,  and  patents  at  $6  a  $6.75.     Rye 
flour  was  steady  at  §3.50  a  $3.62.!  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  rather  firmer,  about  9000  bushels 
red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.13  a  $1,131; 
No.  2  at  $1.06  a  $1.13  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  98  cts.  per  bushel,  and  No. 
2  red  at  $1.05}  a  $1,061  2nd  mo.,  $1.07}  a  $1.07;  3rd 
mo.,  $1,091  a  $1.10  4th  mo.,  and  $l.llf  a  Sl.ll-J  5th 
mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  firm  :  11,000  bushels  sold  in 
lots  at  58  a  59  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime 
yellow;  54  a  57  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer,  and  sail 
mixed;  58  a  581-  cts.  2nd  mo.,  59]  a  59jj-  cts.  3rd  mo., 
601  a  00}  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  61£  a  62  cts.  5th  mo.  Oats. 
— Car  lots  were  unchanged  ;  about  10,000  bushels  sold 
in  lots  at  40  a  44  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality, 
and  No.  2  white  at  41-^  a  421  cts.  2nd  mo.,  42£  a  42J 
cts.  3rd  mo.,  43£  a  43}  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  44  a  44]-  cts. 
5th  mo.  Rye  was  unchanged  ;  small  sales  are  reported 
at  05  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  2d 
mo.  2d,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  317  ;  loads  of  straw,  63. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
traw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  and  lower:  2800  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5  a  7J  cts.  per  pound, 
as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged  :  12,000 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  31  a  0j 

;.,  and  lambs  at  31  a  1\  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Hogs  were  a  fraction  higher:  4700  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  8  a  9f  cts.  per  pound,  as  to 

ndition. 

Foreign. — William  Meagle,  an  important  witness 
in  the  Phoenix  Park  trials,  complains  that  his  life  is 
made  miserable  owing  to  the  continued  persecution 
and  frequent  assaults  which  he  suffers  at  the  hands  of 

mpathizers  with  the  assassins  of  Lord  Frederick 
Cavendish  and  Burke. 

The  Marquis  of  Queensbury  has  sent  a  pamphlet  to 
the  members  of  the  House  of  Lords  and  House  of  Com 
s,  advocating   reform  of  the    marriage   service  to 
the  views  of  secularists.     He  proposes,  in  order  to 


base  of  electrical  contrivance  for  i 
ntelligence.     In  no  other  single  lin 


II  has  been  passed 

drunkards,  and,  at 
tment  of  guardians 


meet  divorce  cases,  to  leave  out  in  the 


larriage  ceri 


mony  the  words  "whom  God  has  joined  together  let  no 
man  putasunder,"  substituting  "  whom  the  Government 
or  nature  may  put  asunder  let  no  man  attempt  to  keep 
together." 

The  steamer  Rhywabons,  bound  from  Holyhead  to 
Cardiff',  struck  on  a  group  of  rocks  near  Cardiff,  on  the 
night  of  the  30th  ultimo.  The  male,  five  men  and  a 
boy  escaped  in  a  small  boat,  Half  an  hour  after  leav- 
ing the  steamer  they  saw  her  lights  disappear.  The 
captain  and  ten  men  remained  on  board  the  steamer 
and  were  probably  lost. 

P.  W.  Thomas,  Sons  &  Co.,  (London)  stock  broke 
have  been  declared  defaulters.  They  were  carrying 
large  speculative  accounts  in  Grand  Trunk  and  Mexi 
can  Ordinary  securities.  One  member  of  the  firm  ha: 
absconded.  The  failure  has  caused  the  greatest  con 
stcrnation  on  the  Slock  Exchange.  Business  is  almosi 
at  a  standstill.  The  losses  inside  the  Slock  Exchange 
amount   to   $185,000.     The   firm   owes   $4,000,000   to 


clients  who  hi 
the  firm.  The 
bank  and  an  i 
The  salmon 
been  in  20  years 


I  the  custody  of  their  bonds  to 
believed  to  be  nil.    A  I  lomish 

>mp  inv  are  heavy  sufferers. 
'Scotland  are  said  not  to  have 
essful  as  they  were  last  year, 

when  they  yielded  to  Billingsgate  aloi vcr  5,0(111,01111 

pounds,  the  total  supply  of  salmon  at  I  hat  market  hav- 
'    g  been  7,700,000 

Advices  from  Australia  are  to  the  effect  that  the  crops 


are  in  fine  condition.  It  is  estimated  that  South  Anil 
tralia  will  have  18,000,000  of  wheat  for  export,  an! 
Victoria  7,000,000  bushels. 

On  the  2d  instant,  Waddington,  the  French  Ambaij 
sador,  presiding  at  a  dinner  given  in  London  in  aid  c] 
a  French  hospital,  welcomed  the  sentiment  of  the  Lorj 
Mayor,  that  the  cordiality  between  France  and  England 
might  ever  be  preserved.  Waddington  spoke  strongl  I 
in  favor  of  a  closer  knitting  between  the  countries  cl 
bonds  of  peace  and  good-will,  which  were  so  important 
to  their  interests  and  the  interests  of  the  world.  j\ 
rupture  between  them,  he  said,  would  be  a  calami™ 
beyond  conception.  All  their  recent  quarrels  had  beelj 
transient.  It  was  their  duty  to  civilization  and  hu  I 
inanity  to  do  their  best  to  maintain  the  good  feeling 
He  knew  that  that  was  the  sentiment  of  the  leading 
statesmen  of  England  and  France. 

The  Times  in  a  leading  article  says,  the  fact  tha' 
Baron  Rothschild  has  lent  the  Khedive  nearly  a  millior 
pounds,  implies  the  confidence  of  the  financiers  tha 
England  has  taken  Egypt  in  hand  and  will  see  hei 
safely  through  her  troubles.  England  cannot  retire 
now  without  exposing  Egypt  to  a  worse  condition  o 
anarchy  than  that  which  prevailed  under  Arabi  Pasha 

Musurus  Pasha,  the  Turkish  Ambassador  to  Grea 
Britain,  has  informed  Earl  Granville,  the  British  Secre- 
tary for  Foreign  Affairs,  that  the  Porte  is  preparing  a 
note  to  the  Powers,  insisting  upon  the  retention  of  the 
Soudan  as  an  integral  part  of  Egypt  under  the  Sultan's 
suzerainty,  and  stating  that  the  Porte  desires  that  the 
Soudan  question  be  referred  to  a  conference  of  foreign 
ambassadors  at  London  or  Constantinople. 

Paris,  2d  mo.  3rd. — Rouher  died  at  seven  o'clock 
this  morning.  He  was  unconscious  for  several  hours 
before  the  end.  Prince  Napoleon  had  previously  visited 
the  dying  man.  Ex-empress  Eugenie  has  sent  a  tele- 
gram of  condolence  to  the  widow.  Rouher  lay  in  a 
critical  condition  for  three  days  prior  to  his  death.  Sixj 
months  ago  he  was  attacked  with  paralysis,  and  occa- 
sionally he  also  had  attacks  of  dementia.  Prince  Na- 
poleon saw  him  on  Seventh-day  night  in  an  unconscious 
state,  in  which  condition  hi-  remained  until  death.  The 
private  papers  of  Rouher  had  been  confided  to  his  wife, 
who  sent  them  to  ex-Empress  Eugenie  when  Rouher 
showed  symptoms  of  brain  disease.  Rouher' s  secretary 
lost  some  important  documents,  and  it  is  aupposed  that 
they  got  into  the  possession  of  the  Government,  which 
is  wailing  for  a  fit  time  to  publish  them. 

Placards  were  posted  throughout  the  city  of  Paris  on 
the  evening  of  the  2d  inst.,  inciting  the  disaffected 
policemen  and  starving  working  men  to  arms.  They 
mpposed  to  have  been  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
the  Revolutionary  party.  Large  numbers  of  the  pla- 
cards have  been  destroyed  by  the  police. 

A  German  company  is  in  process  of  organization,  the 
purpose  of  which  is  to  acquire  possession  of  territory  in 
the  island  of  Borneo,  in  opposition  to  the  British  com- 
pany. 

A  telegram  from  Matamoras  reports  that  Damazo 
Soto,  of  Concordia,  in  the  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  has  dis- 
covered the  key  to  the  Aztec  writings.  As  these  writ- 
ings have  been  already  well  understood,  it  is  thought 
the  key  to  the  Toltec  writings  is  meant.  If  so,  the  dis- 
covery is  a  valuable  one. 

Montreal  capitalists  who  are  interested  in  the  coal 
mines  of  Nova  Scotia  are  about  to  take  measures  to  in- 
crease the  output.  It  is  said  the  deposits  are  capable 
of  yielding  annually  500,000  tons. 

NOTICE. 
A  meeting  of  the  Teachers'  Association  of  Friends  of 
Philadelphia  and  vicinity,  will  be  held  at  820  Cherry 
St.,  Seventh-day,  2nd  mo.  9lh,  at  2.30  p.  M. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frank/ord,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


Died,  at  his  residence  in  Sandwich,  Mass.,  on  the 
19th  of  1st  mo.  1884,  Newell  Hoxie,  a  member  and 
minister  of  Sandwich  Monthly  Meeting,  aged  SO  years 
and  two  months. 

,  on  the  3rd  instant,  at  her  residence  in  Chris- 
tiana, Lancaster  county,  Penna.,  Mart  C.Moore, 
widow  of  Gainer  Moore,  in  the  93d  year  of  her  age,  a 
member  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

WILLIAM   11.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SECOND  MONTH  16,  1884. 


NO.    28. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid  in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Jscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

T   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  TJP  STAIRS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Fri 

of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  210.) 

Having  thus  shown  the  esteem  in  which 
Micajah  Collins  was  held  by  his  friends,  we 
svill  now  turn  to  his  own  records 

"As  far  back  as  the  memory  is  capable  of 
-ecollection,  the  first  visitation  of  redeeming 
ovc,  when  the  goodness  of  my  Heavenly 
)enefactor  was  extended  to  my  soul  in  its  in- 
ant  state,  was  in  the  fifth  year  of  my  age,  or 
.hereabout,  when  I  know  not  distinctly  what 
t  was  or  what  it  meant;  but  felt  a  certain 
principle  of  love  working  in  me,  raising  de- 
:ires  that  I  might  bo  a  good  boy,  and  that  I 
night  feel  peace  and  consolation." 

"Children  arc  susceptible  of  good  and  evil 
it  a  very  early  period  of  life.  And  having 
he  exercise  of  their  will,  they  transgress  the 
)ivine  commandments  and  law  written  in  the 
leart,  oftentimes  at  the  very  dawn  of  their 
lay;  for  which  they  very  early  feel  com- 
mnetion  under  the  conviction  of  that  judg 
lent  which  brings  condemnation  for  sin  ;  and 
re  in  a  measure  sensible  of  a  state  of  aliena- 
ion  from  the  Divine  nature  and  harmony. 

"  Under  such  conviction  desires  spring  up 
Dr  relief,  and  often  ascend  with  acceptance 
efore  the  throne  of  Divine  grace,  that  they 
lay  witness  redemption  from  this  bondage 
therein  they  seem  to  be  fast  held  by  the 
rince  of  the  power  of  the  air,  that  they  may 
ecome  translated  into  the  glorious  liberty  of 
he  children  of  God. 

"  But  however  the  means  of  this  desirable 
elief  may,  at  times,  be  made  manifest  by  the 
ishining  of  the  light  of  the  gospel,  such  is 
be  power  of  custom,  the  ties  of  their  nature, 
nd  their  attachment  to  human  and  worldly 
>ys,  they  cannot  easily  resolve  upon  embrac- 
lg  those  means  which  require  to  give  up  all 
rospect  of  enjoyment,  for  a  life  of  self-denial, 
3  they  may  misconceive.  To  become  tanta- 
zed  and  derided  by  acquaintance  and  asso- 
iates,  is  hard  indeed  to  youthful  flesh  and 
lood,  and  many,  very  many  there  are  who 
lrn  their  backs  upon  the  overtures  of  Divine 
lercy,  sad  and  sorrowful;  for  this  state  of 
idemption  is  only  attainable  through  many 
•ibulations  hard  "to  flesh  and  blood. 

Again,  which  often  springs  into  mind  as 


transgressions,  and  bringing  uneasiness,  with 
a  weight  of  solemnity  over  the  mind,  accom- 
panied with  fervent  desires  after  peace  and 
reconciliation  with  Him  who  gave  me  being. 
And  a  willingness  was  felt  to  covenant  with 
Him  to  be  a  good  boy,— to  be  dutiful,  respect- 
ful, and  obedient  to  my  only  surviving  parent, 
(my  father  died  not  long  before),  and  other 
acts  of  duty  coming  within  my  childlike  ca- 
pacity thit  in  my  simplicity  I  could  think  or 
conceive  of  as  being  right. 

"  But  alas  for  all  covenants  not  sufficiently 
made  in  the  strength  and  under  the  influence 


"  The  members  of  our  Society  in  this  place, 
were  in  a  very  great  mixture,  which  was 
abundantly  discoverable  in  their  deportment, 
like  those  Jews  we  read  of  at  the  return  of 
the  captivitj',  who  spake  half  in  the  Jewish 
language  and  half  in  the  language  of  Ashdod. 
Many  manifesting  more  regard  for  their  secu- 
lar affairs  and  their  worldly  enjoyments  than 
for  their  religious  profession  or  spiritual  con- 
cerns, were  stumbling-blocks  rather  than  way- 
marks  to  religiously  enquiring  minds.  Seeing 
these   at    meetiiu 


g  under  the  profession  of 
..-  spiritual  worshippers,  I  was  ready  to  query, 
ot  the  Divine  Power!  they  are  like  characters  Arc  these  the  descendants  in  a  spiritual  line- 
age of  George  Fox,  Robert  Barclay  and  Wil- 
liam Penn?  and  those  worthy  ancients  who, 
for  the  love  they  bore  to  the  truth  we  profess, 
were  induced  to  offer  up,  and  divers  of  ther 


written  in  the  dust.  The  impressions,  how 
ever,  were  the  effect  of  the  love  of  God  upon 
the  soul  for  good  ;  which,  like  the  ancien 
law  engraven  upon  tables  of  stone,  that  wer_ 
hastily  broken  by  Moses,  and  the  first  im- 
pression lost,  yet  afterwards  was  revived  and 
re-impressed  for  the  government  and  good  of 
his  people,  whereby  He  established  his  cov- 
enant with  them  upon  condition  of  obedience. 
So  are  those  impressions  of  redeeming  love, 
by  the  finger  of  God,  graciously  renewed  upon 
the  soul  of  man,  notwithstanding  his  propen- 
ty  to  rebel,  for  his  good;  whereby  He  es- 
tablishes his  covenant  with  him  according  to 
bis  faithfulness.  Not  according  to  the  Taw 
given  to  Moses,  written  and  engraven  upon 
stone— a  type  of  the  gospel— but  according 


to  his  law  engraven  upon  the  fleshly  table  of 
the  heart  by  the  finger  of  his  mercy,  without 
occasion  to  look  to  man  or  to  the  lip  of  the 
priest  for  an  exposition  thereof— for  all  may 
know  it  from  the  least  to  the  greatest. 

"  From  this  time  until  about  the  nineteenth 
year  of  my  age,  conviction  was  continued 
upon  conviction,  and  visitation  upon  visita- 
tion, and  many  conflicts  ensued.  Though  not 
a  punctual  attender  of  religious  meetings,  yet 
sometimes  sitting  in  them,  in  a  state  of  silent 
retirement  (for  we  had  no  public  minister 
among  us  in  those  days),  sometimes  upon  re 
flection,  at  others  on  beholding  a  sober  coun 
tenance,  my  mind  was  seized  with  such  s 
sense  of  my  polluted  condition,  and  peace 
with  God  was  felt  to  be  so  desirable,  that  the 
sacrifice  of  every  other  enjoyment  or  con- 
sideration appeared  of  very  small  moment  in 
comparison  of  it. 

"  Conclusions  have  thence  been  drawn  that 
if  my  acquaintance,  who  were  of  the  vain  and 
giddy  class,  would  alter  and  amend  their 
habits,  most  cheerfully  would  I  enter  upon 
such  a  desirable  work  ;  but  could  not  resolve 
upon  it,  as  it  were,  alone.     To  become  a  fool, 

to  turn  my  back  upon  every  thing  that  pro- 
mised delight, — to  be  despised  by  my  asso- 
ciates, and  made  a  spectacle  to  all  around  me 
seemed  in  my  view  insupportable.  There 
were  but  very  few  religious  exemplary  people 
who  could  minister  the  language  of  encourage- 
ment to  those  who,  under  a  sense  of  the  de- 


a  occurrence  of  yesterday,  the  same  hand  of  ceitfulness  and  sinfulness  of  sin  were  settino- 
3odness  was  laid  upon  me  about  the  tenth  I  their  faces  toward  that  city  which  hath  fourf 
ear  ot  my  age,  giving  a  renewed  sense  of  my  |dations,  whose  builder  and  maker  is  God. 


did,  not  far  distant  from  this  place,  Jay  down 
their  lives  for  the  cause.  Thus  reasoning, 
the  voice  of  conviction  has  oft  been  silenced 
for  a  season,  and  precious  visitations  passed 
away  unimproved. 

"  But  from  observations  on  the  conduct  of 
men,  there  grew  up  with  me  from  my  child- 
hood a  great  abhorrence  of  hypocrisy  in  any 
shape,  but  most  of  all  in  the  form  of  religion, 
believing  'the  hope  of  the  hypocrite  shall 
perish.'  Alas !  that  those  who  profess  to  wor- 
hip  in  spirit  and  in  truth,  and  who  should 
above  all  others  be  sincere  in  their  devotions, 
should  become  obstacles  in  the  way  of  sober 
enquirers,  and  prove  cause  of  stumbling  to 
their  own  tender  offspring,  and  so  make'the 
way  hard  instead  of  easy  for  them.  But  no 
stream  can  rise  higher  than  its  source.  No 
one  can  instruct  another  in  that  which  they 
are  altogether  ignorant  of  themselves.  '  The 
corrupt  tree  bringeth  not  forth  good  fruit,' 

"  My  father  died  when  I  was  about  the 
ninth  year  of  my  age;  my  sister  being  five 
years  younger  than  myself— the  only  children 
they  had — were  left  with  our  mother  desti- 
tute of  means  for  a  support;  and  had  to 
struggle  through  the  distressing  scene  of  a 
seven  years'  war  between  this  country  and 
Great  Britain,  by  which  the  widows  and 
fatherless,  and  the  poor  of  every  description, 
were  thrown  into  much  anxiety. 

"In  this  condition,  and  with  no  other  means 
than  daily  labor,  with  very  small  wages,  my 
mother  obtained  a  support  for  us.  And  the 
times  being  very  unfavorable  for  the  improve- 
ment of  both  minds  and  manners  of  children, 
as-well  as  the  procurement  of  means  of  sup- 
port, there  was  but  little  for  me  to  depend 
upon  for  an  education,  which  was  therefore 
very  limited,  though  the  best  my  dear  mother 
'n  her  narrow  circumstances  could  provide. 
My  only  school  privileges,  after  the  decease 
of  my  father,  were  to  attend  a  town  free- 
school,  as  much  as  she  could  spare  me  to 
go.  There  never  were  many  wealthy  people 
"n  the  place,  and  the  inhabitants  at  that  time 
were  reduced  to  very  great  straits,  and  suit- 
able teachers  were  "not  to  be  found ;  from 
which  cause  the  school  was  often  suspended, 


218 


THE    FRIEND. 


and  atte 
my  educ 


and  at  best  ver; 

to.     Under  sue 

was  formed  and  nearly  finished,  when  about 
twelve  and  a-half  years  old.  At  that  age  I 
was  put  an  apprentice  to  learn  the  shoemak- 
ing  trade  with  my  uncle,  William  Breed,  and 
went  no  more  to  school,  except  in  the  even- 
ing, a  few  weeks  in  the  year,  during  the  most 
of  my  apprenticeship.  Though  my  uncle  was 
a  religious  man,  from  the  state  of  the  times 
and  a  combination  of  other  circumstances,  he 
could  do  but  little;  and  yet  more  willing  to 
do  than  I  was  disposed  to  improve,— which 
doubtless  was  discouraging  to  him — my  mind 
being  more  inclined  to  excessive  vanity  than 
to  any  useful,  especially  religious  improve- 
ment. Thus  1  grew  up :  often  visited,  and  as 
often  rejecting  those  gracious  visitations  of 
Heavenly  love,  offered  from  season  to  season 
for  my  good. 

J    °  (To  be  continued.) 

Shunem,  and  the  Shunamite  Woman.— Solam 
is  the  modern  representative  of  ancient  Shu- 
nem, a  city  of  Issacbar.  In  this  immediate 
neighborhood,  Elijah  the  Tishbite,  and  his 
scarcely  less  wonderful  disciple,  Elisha,  per 
formed  their  amazing  miracles.  Here,  in  this 
very  village,  dwelt    "the  good  Shunamite," 


Separation  of  Church  and  State. 

(Concluded  from  page  211.) 

Bishop  Wilberforce  and  the  Crimean  War, — 
I  recollect  an  anecdote  which  just  occurs  to 
me  that  will  in  a  little  way  explain  this.  Less 
than  thirty  years  ago  many  of  you  will  re- 
member that  the  country  was  engaged  in  a 
sanguinary  struggle  with  the  Empire  of  Rus- 
sia. The  late  Bishop  of  Winchester  (Bishop 
Wilberforce)  was  a  man  with  whom  I  had 
often  pleasant  conversation  on  public  ques- 
tions, and  I  met  him  occasionally  at  dinner, 
and  he  was  always  extremely  friendly  to  me, 
although  in  some  things  we  were  so  far  apart. 
lie  told  me  that  with  "regard  to  the  Crimean 
war  his  opinion  agreed  with  mine.  He  thought 
it  unnecessary  and  unjust,  and  greatly  to  be 
lamented.  I  suggested  to  him  whether  it 
might  not  be  good  for  him  and  for  the  coun- 
try if  he  would  take  some  opportunity,  in  his 
place  in  the  House  of  Lords,  of  addressing  to 
the  House,  and  to  the  Government,  and  to  the 
nation,  a  speech  upon  that  question  corre- 
sponding with  the  views  that  he  had  then  ex- 
plained to  me.  Well,  he  looked  serious — and 
I  have  no  doubt  he  felt  the  question  to  be  a 
very  serious  one — and  he  said  that  he  had 
taken  that  matter  into  his  deliberation 


little  chamber  [an upper  room]  |  ^^  beeJ)  ab,e  t0  convince  nimself  that 'their  country"- 

KIM    Ul      VJTUU,    tlilU,  ,     .  ...  i    1       1.    .      _  1 j.!__      _j?    -fXv     thnoa     triof 


whatever  was  the  policy  of  the  potentate  or 
the  Government,  and  on  the  other  hand  the 
Church  has  been  supported,  not  by  the  sword 
only,  but  by  all  the  influence  of  the  Govern- 
ment with  which  it  was  allied. 

The  Archbishop  of  York  and  the  Egyptian 
J7<n-._I  won't  dwell  upon  anything  further 
that  has  taken  place  so  far  back  as  500  years. 
I  will  come  to  our  own  time,  and  I  will  refer 
to  what  took  place  so  late  as  September  last, 
an  event,  as  you  know — whatever  may  be 
said  about  its  necessity,  whatever  preceded  it, 
whatever  will  be  the  result — an  event  in  our 
history  very  sad  and  very  lamentable.  There 
was  a  city  bombarded  and  burnt,  and  there 
was  a  battle  fought.  Now,  the  Church  has 
not  been  dumb  upon  that  question.  You 
know,  of  course,  that  what  I  may  call  an 
ecclesiastical  prince  and  a  great  ruler  in  the 
Church  spoke  to  the  people  in  regard  to  that 
question.  What  did  he  say  ?— because  what 
a  man  of  that  mark  says  must  be  understood 
to  represent  what  a  great  many  people  are 
supposed  to  think.  In  a  letter  to  the  churches 
he  made  observations  which  were  introduc- 
tory, or  recommendatory,  of  a  prayer  which. i 
he  offered  for  their  acceptance.  In  the  letter 
he  spoke  in  this  manner.  He  said,  "Mourn- 
ing as  we  do  for  those  who  have  fallen  for 


r       on      n  f   tl  es e1  morc'good  than  it  would  of  harm,  and,  there-  But  this  Christian  minister,  apparently,  had. 

IZJZrt   into .1 efo>-e,  that  he  had  remained  silent,     Now,  it  is  not  in  his  mind  at  all  the  ten  Egyptians  who 

,n  southward  into  the  ,  ,  ,        ^  mj    ,]t  wi(h        fect  fell  for  every  one  Englishman.    I  do  not  com-. 


,  we  all  mourn,  I  hopeyj 
on  the  wall"  for  "the  holy  man  of  God,  and,"0.)1'1"  "  "u  ^"'^7  would"  be"  prod  u7tive"of  for  those  that  have  fallen  for  their  country, 
set  for  him  there  a  bed  and  a  table  and  a  stool,1''  |13...  „.:„  nuj-c.   .„;„;,♦,„.  .,M«„ti,   h«i 

and  a  candlestick."     It 
fields  which  slope  dowi 

valley  of  Jezreel,  her  only  son    given  in  re -. **&" ^^^7^t'o^^^'m^htfMllvnheni  that  kind  of  mourning.    I  mourn  fo| 
ward  for  her  hospitality  to  Elisha  received  a      '        ) >      ,;         ,  sn  ^X,  {hem  aH.     Well,  then,   he  said  further,  thai 

stroke  of  the  sun  while  looking  at  the  reapers    that       J^u ,  J    J      ]      d  ^,n  J  ofj,<  0U1.  wai.      ain8t  anarchy  was  a„  inevitable 

Sf  my  h^^^g^STfol^lS  Fw^oTp^Vs  in  a  fev'eTof  that  kind]  course,  my  opinion,  I  am  only  at  liberty 
his  mother,  "he  sat  on  her  knees 
then  died,"   Elisha 


;ff  no  man  can,  but  that  he  might  diminish  his  to  say  this,  that  I  believe  those  who  know 
Rli_ „_ „r   „„„f„i„„.,„    ;,',    <i,„    n.,,.t;,.„ln,.lnirwl  about    it   believe   that  it  was   not  an  m- 


rj^nXpTrm''pi,nroL"hIv|own  power  of  usefulness   in'  the    particular  j  most  about  it  believe  that  it  was  not  an 
near  the  altar  of  I^ah!  lOor'^  n^m^-el  in  which  it  was  rno,  especially  his'  ev.tab.e  war.     But  I  leave  that,  bee. 


because  it  is 


"Then  she  saddled 
servant,  drive,  and 
riding  for  me,  exc 


S  as      and  sai       o  her  duty  to   employ  himself.     I  do   not  mention  quite  possible,  and,  indeed,  very  likely,  that 

,L     m     tl     In         'v  this  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  the  slightest  there  are  differences  o     opinion  in  this   vast 

I        ihJ2  S1e  blame  upon 'the  bishop,  but  I  can  see  how,  in 'assembly  on  this  question.     But  I  come  now 

^  *  l  i!,.?!'+ Jt\     £iLi»  position  as  a    member  of  the  House  of  to  the  words  of  the  prayer,  and  that  is  what 


the  prophet  by  his  feet. '  |oi  opinion 

This  scene  is  natural,  and  very  graphic.  If  eminent  a 
you  ask  after  a  person  at  this  day  whom  you 
know  to  be  sick,  the  reply  at  first  will  invari- 
ably be,  "  He  is  well,  thank  God,"  even  when 
the  very  next  sentence  is  to  inform  you  that 
he  is  dying.  Then  the  falling  down,  clasping 
the  feet,  &C,  arc  actions  frequently  witnessed. 
I  have  had  ibis  done  to  me  often  before  I 
could  prevent  it.  So  also,  the  officious  zeal 
of  the  wicked  Gehazi,  who  would  thrust  the 
broken-hearted  mother  away,  probably  think- 
ing her  touch  pollution,  agrees  perfectly  with 
what  we  know  of  the  customs  of  the  East, 
both  ancient  and  modern.  So,  likewise,  are 
the  injunctions  to  Gehazi:  "Gird  up  thy  loins 
[that  thou  may  est  run  | ;  if  thou  meet  any  man, 
salute  him  not;  and  if  any  salute  thee,  answer 
him  not"— this  is  no  time  for  idle  compliments. 
The  man  of  Cod  followed  with  the  mother; 
and  when  he  bad  brought  back  her  son  to  life, 
"she  fell  at  his  feet,  and  bowed  herself  to  the 
ground,  and  took  up  her  son,  and  went  out." 
—  W.  M.  Thomson  in  The  Land  and  The  Book. 


reason  why. — Now — and  I  hope  those 
who  will  criticise  what  I  say,  and  they  are 
not  a  few,  and  they  who  disagree  with  me, 
and  perhaps  condemn  me — I  wish  they  would 
tell  me  why  it  is  that  the  Christian  Church 
in  this  kingdom  as  against  the  crimes  of  the 
Stale  such  as  I  have  described — and  I  might 
add  others — that  the  Christian  Church  and 
its  bishops  and  its  clergy  for  the  most  part 
are  dumb?  About  five  hundred  years  ago 
there  lived  a  Franciscan  monk  at  the  Court, 
1  think,  of  Louis  of  Bavaria.  His  name  was 
William  Occam,  and  he  deserves  to  be  remem- 
bered for  the  large  amount  of  truth  that  he 
put  into  a  very  few  words,  lie  said,  address- 
ing the  emperor,  "Thou  dofendest  me  with 
the  sword,  and  I  will  defend  thee  with  the 
pen,"  and  if  you  will  trace  the  course  of  his 
tory  for  the  500  years  that  have  since  passed 
over,  you  will  find  that  where  there  has  been 
a  Church    inllueneing    the    people  allied  with 

the  State,  it  has  almost   uniformly  defended 


of  them  all— who  dealt  a  good  deal  in  narra- 
tives of  war,  said — 
"  Unhallowed  is  the  voice 
Ofloml  thanksgiving  over  slaughtered  men." 

And  if  that  could  be  said  some  thousands  of 
years  ago  by  a  heathen  writer,  at  least  wo 
might  expect  some  little  consideration  from  a 
dignitary  of  a  Christian  Church  in  this  ceil" 
tury  of  the  Christian  era.  Now,  these  ar£ 
the  words  to  which  I  wish  to  call  your  atten- 
tion. In  the  prayer  he  says — and  this  was 
sent  round  to  all  the  churches.  I  know  soma 
cases,  1  have  heard  of  them,  in  which  tho 
clergymen  were  too  much  shocked  to  permit 
them'  to  be  read — he  said,  addressing  the 
Supreme  Ruler,  "Teach  us  to  see  that  Thy 
hand  hath  done  it,  that  Thou  wast  in  the 
mills!  of  our  camp  to  deliver  us,  and  to  give 
up  our  enemies  before  US."  You  see  what  this 
is,  put  into  plain  words — that  ironclad  ships, 
bursting  shells,  a  blazing  town,  the  roar  of 
artillery,  the  charge  of  bayonets,  the  ghastfl 
heaps  of  tho   mangled  and   the  dead— these 


THE    FRIEND. 


219 


were  manifestations  of  the  hand  of  the  God  of 
Mercy.  But  I  must  remind  3-ou  that  these, 
or  something  like  these,  have  been  the  words 
which  have  been  offered  from  high  dignitaries 
of  the  Church  during  the  last  200  years,  pro 
bably  on  every  occasion  of  our  wars,  bo  they 
just  or  unjust  to  the  last  degree.  Now.  I 
won't  describe  that  language  'by  words  that 
present  themselves  to  me,  for  I  do  not  want 
to  say  anything  that  is  unnecessarily  harsh 
or  likely  to  hurt  the  feelings  of  such,  if  there 
be  such,  as  differ  from  me  upon  this  question. 
But  I  venture  to  ask  you,  and  I  would  ask 
the  dignitary  of  the  Church  who  used  this 
language,  and  those  who  read  it  from  their 
pulpits,  is  there  no  reason  why  the  millions  of 
people  of  this  country  absent  themselves  from 
the  churches?  Is  it  possible  that  men  with 
sentiments  like  these,  daring  to  approach  the 
Throne  of  the  Eternal  with  thanksgiving  for 
acts  of  this  kind,  can  go  down  to  the  depths 
of  society  and  bring  up  the  poor  and  miser- 
able, the  abject,  the  forsaken,  and  the  hope- 
less, who  surround  us  on  every  side?  I  only 
think  it  proves  the  indestructible  quality  there 
is  in  the  Christian  faith,  that  it  should  have 
so  long  survived  the  treason  of  those  who  pre- 
tend to  teach  it. 

A  Result  of  Establishment. — I  hope  nobody 
will  suppose  that  I  am  ignorant  of  the  fact  * 


Th, 


Final  Issue. — Well,  now,  what  will 
come?  I  cannot  hope,  and  many  here  cannot 
hope,  to  live  to  see  it,  but  probabhy  many  here 
will  see  it.  Looking  at  the  growth  of  your 
cause  as  manifested  here  to-night,  and  by 
many  other  tokens;  looking  to  the  bondage 
of  the  Church,  and  the  great  schism  whichis 
continually  widening  within  its  borders  ;  look- 
ing to  the  growing  earnestness  which  I  be- 
lieve there  is  amongst  the  clergy,  and  I  hope 
amongst  many  of  the  laity,  there  seems  to  me 
to  be  signs  that  it  will  not  be  in  the  power  of 
Prime  Ministers  and  Cabinets,  of  peers  and 
benches  of  bishops,  to  prevent  the  actual— 
not  very  early  but  not  very  remote — triumph 
of  your  cause.  The  Church  as  an  Establish- 
ment will  perish.  But  as  a  Church,  when 
that  event  has  taken  place,  it  will  flourish  far 
more  in  the  right  way  of  flourishing  than  it 
has  done  when  tended  by  the  State.  When 
free  it  will  look  back  with  horror  on  the  chains 
om  which  it  has  been  delivered,  and  it  will 
exult  with  unspeakable  rejoicing  at  the  free- 
dom by  which  it  has  been  enriched.  And  the 
people  will  have  additional  reasons  for  cling- 
to  it.  and  I  do  not  doubt  for  a  moment— 
I  speak  with  as  solemn  a  belief  as  I  have  ever 
uttered  upon  any  question — that  the  religion, 
the  Christian  religion,  taught  by  the  Free 
Churches  of  England,  will  be  far  more  accept 


it  1-1 w    v*    """   ««^w  vuui^uvouj    uii^uuiu,    Will    uciitl     II1U1U  UUUejJL 

nay,  1  believe  it  most  fully— that  there  are  able  hereafter  to  the  millions  of  our  popula 
bishops  who  are  excellent  men,  and  that  there  |  tion. 
ire  thousands  of  clergymen  of  the  Established 
Church  who  in  their  various  parishes  and 
offices,  as  far  as  they  know,  do  honestly  per- 
form their  duties,  and  do  wish  to  be  what  the 
theory  intends  they  should  be — lights  to  guide 
;heir  parishioners  in  the  better  way;  and,  of 
jourse,  we  all  know  that  amonmst  the  vast 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

"On  Sinai's  mount  Jehovah  gave  the  law, 
Life  for  obedience,  death  for  every  flaw. 
If  disobedience,  under  the  law  of  .Moses. 


man,  for  our  high  priest,  let  us  draw  near  to 
Him,  with  a  true  heart,  in  full  assurance  of 
faith,  having  our  hearts  sprinkled  from  an 
evil  conscience,  and  our  bodies  washed  with 
pure  water — that  water  which  proceeds  from 
the  threshold  of  God  and  the  Lamb.  It  is 
from  living  streams  that  living  waters  flow. 
Ami  it  is  the  pure  in  heart  that  shall  see  God, 
who  searcheth  all  hearts,  and  understandeth 
all  the  imaginations  of  the  thoughts.  So  let 
us  hold  fast  the  profession  of  our  faith  with- 
out wavering  ;  and  believe  that  God,  through 
his  adorable  grace,  will  help  us  to  do  what 
we  cannot  do  for  ourselves. 

But  man  took  a  part  in  the  transgression  ; 
and  he  has  to  take  a  part  in  the  restoration. 
When  the  awakened  man  becomes  sensible 
that  he  cannot  save  himself,  then  he  more  will- 
ingly looks  to  one  that  is  able  to  save,  to 
Christ;  for  salvation  and  restoration.  And  Ho 
says,  "  behold  I  stand  at  the  door  and  knock," 
showing  a  willingness  on  his  part  to  enter  if 
we  will  do  our  part  by  hearing  his  voice,  and 
opening  the  door.  But  man's  will  was  loft 
free  in  the  first  place,  whether  to  hear  and 
obey  the  voice  of  his  Maker  and  live  ;  or  to 
listen  to  the  voice  of  the  deceiver  and  obey 
him  and  die.  Our  will  is  still  left  free.  And 
we  become  servants  to  whichsoever  of  the 
two  contrary  spirits  or  voices  we  yield  our- 
selves servants  to  obey  ;  whether  of  sin  unto 
death  ;  or  obedience  unto  life.  But  if  any 
lack  heavenly  wisdom,  to  enable  him  to  dis- 
tinguish between  the  two  voices,  let  him 
ask,  in  secret,  of  God.  And  also,  as  op- 
portunity presents,  let  him  hear  those  favored 
instruments  or  ministers  who  speak  under  tho 
immediate  influence  of  the  Holy  Ghost  sent 


Church  population  in  this  country,  men  and  that  disobedience  now,  under  the  law  of  th 
women,  there  are  multitudes  who  can  claim 
to  be  possessed  of  and  to  exercise  every  virtue 


brought  outward  death,  may  we  not  suppose  down  from  heaven  ;  and  it  shall  be  given  h 

And  as  our  faith  is,  so  it  will  be  with  us.  If 
spirit  of  life,  will  bring  spiritual  death  ?  For 'our  faith  is  in  the  Lord,  and  in  the  power 
now  the  law  of  the  spirit  of  life  in  Christ  of  his  might,  we  shall  grow  strong  in  the 
Jesus,  if  obeyed,  will  set  us  free  from  the  law  I  wisdom  that  is  from  above,  and  be  able  to 
of  sin  and  death.  For  obedience  is  better ! overcome  the  powers  of  the  evil  one  in  us, 
than  sacrifice.  The  case  of  Nadab  and  Abihu  and  at  times  witness  light  and  life  to  triumph 
has  a  spiritual  lesson  for  us.  "The  glory  of, over  death  and  darkness.  But  if  our  faith 
the  Lord  appeared  unto  all  the  people,"  after  [stands  more  in  the  wisdom  of  men  than  in 
Aaron  had  made  an  acceptable  offering  under  the  power  of  God,  then  spiritual  death  and 
the  direction  of  the  Lord.     So  his  two  sons, [darkness  will  reign  triumphant  over  that  life 

e  earlier 


it  least  on  an  equality  with  the  best  of  such 
imongst  the  Nonconformists.  But  then  there 
3omes  the  question  of  the  alliance  with  the 
State.  The  Established  Church,  if  it  were  not 
established,  would  still  be  a  Church.  For  any- 
thing I  know  it  would  be  two  Churches,  and 
;be  bishops,  I  presume,  would  be  bishops  as 

;he  bishops  in  Ireland  are  still  bishops,  and  jon  seeing  theglory  that  resulted,  "  took  either  'and  light  which  "once  so  crowned  th 
;he  clergy  would  have  their  congregations,  I  of  them  a  censor  and  put  fire  therein,  and  days  of  humility. 


put 

ind  there  is  not  one  particular  in  which  youlput  incense  thereon,  and  offered  strange  fire 
;ould  show  that  the  actual  useful  work  of  any  j  before  the  Lord,  which  He  commanded  them 
fishop  or  clergyman  would  be  less  than  it  i's!not.  And  there  went  out  fire  from  the  Lord, 
low,  and  less  fruitful  for  everything  that  is  [and  devoured  them;  and  they  died  before 
;ood.  But,  then,  when  they  are  allied  with  the  Lord;"  because  they  had  not  been  com- 
;he  State  they  are  dumb,  as  I  have  said,  when!  manded  ;  nor  sanctified  by  the  Lord.  For 
,he  State  does  anything  wrong;  and  you  onlylthe  Lord  had  said  through  Moses,  "I  will  be 
lear  them  in  any  transaction  of  the  State 'sanctified  in  them  that  come  nigh  me,  and 
^hen  the  State  is  willing  to  do  some  act  of  before  all  the  people  I  will  be  glorified." 
ustice  to  the  people.  I  think  that  this  mode  J  We  are  not  now  under  the  old  law  of  Moses, 
)f  proceeding  on  the  part  of  the  clergy  and  .but  under  the  new  law  of  grace  and  truth, 
he  great  powers  of  a  great  establishment  is  which  comes  by  Jesus  Christ.  For  though 
)ne  which  is  not  calculated  to  elevate  the  the  old  law  which  was  written  and  engraven 
christian  idea  in  the  minds  of  the  people,  but  on  tables  of  stone  was  glorious,  yet  it  is  now 
■ather  to  shut  out  vast  numbers  of  the  people  superseded  and  done  away  with,  by  reason 
i-om  any  fair  and  open  consideration  of  the  of  the  new  law  written  on  the  heart,  which 
laims  of  the  Christian  faith.  Now,  I  corn- jcxcelleth.  "For  if  that  which  is  done  away 
ilain,  then,  of  the  Established  Church  in  this  was  glorious,  much  more  that  which  reniaineth 
Jroad  manner,  that  it  does  nothing  to  guide  is  glorious."  So  now,  brethren,  Christ  our 
he  State  in  the  way  of  righteousness;  that'great  High  Priest  has  come,  without  sin  unto 
t  is  in  certain  respects  the  bond  slave  of  the 'salvation,  and  has  by  his  own  blood  entered 
Btate;  that  in  all  the  great  matters  which  jinto  the  holy  place,  and  obtained  eternal  re- 
tiost  affect  our  country  the  bishops  and  the[demption  for  his  sanctified  church  or  children, 
tlergy  are  dumb,  and  their  activity  is  shown  j  Ho  has  also  given  us  boldness,  or  liberty,  to 
krhen  any  comparatively  small  measure  is  enter  into  the  holy  place,  by  his  own  blood, 
liscussed  which  they  think  treads  a  little  and  by  a  new  and  living  way  which  He  has 
apon  their  position  and  their  supremacy.         (consecrated  for  us  ;  and  "having  Him,  and  not 


It  appears  plain  that  we  have  two  antago- 
nistic spirits  or  elements  now  busilj'  operating 
in  the  religious  world,  and  which  can  never 
harmonize:  because  they  are  contrary  the  one 
to  the  other — proceeding  as  tbey  do  from  the 
two  opposing  spirits  of  good  and  evil.  The 
one  leading  to  Zion  the  city  of  the  living 
God,  the  other  to  "  Mystery  Babylon,  the 
great,  the  mother  of  harlots,  and  abominations 
of  tho  earth."  But  Babylon,  though  it  is 
built  in  the  likeness  of  Zion,  yet  it  is  built  by 
that  contrary  spirit  who  is  going  to  and  fro 
throughout  the  different  churches,  under  the 
guise  of  religion,  and  as  an  angel  of  light,  and 
drawing  disciples  after  him,  who  are  profess- 
ing to  cast  out  devils  in  the  name  of  Christ, 
and  in  his  name  to  do  many  wonderful  works; 
and  even  to  sing  the  songs  of  Zion  in  this 
strange  land  of  captivity;  while  their  harps 
are  hung  as  upon  the  willows  in  the  midst 
of  the  streams  of  confusion — showing  plainly 
to  the  children  of  light  who  have  not  been 
carried  away  captive,  that,  great  is  the  de- 
ceitfulness  of  unrighteousness  in  them  that 
perish.  And  showing  also,  on  the  other  hand, 
that  glory,  honor,  immortality  and  eternal 
life,  await  tho  righteous  in  the  world  to  come; 


220 


THE    FRIEND. 


if  the}'  continue  patient  in  well  doing  unti 
the  probations  of  this  lower  world  are  over 
For  it  is  through  much  tribulation  that  we 
enter  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  Our  Bcdeemei 
says,  "In  this  world  ye  shall  have  tribula 
tion."  But  He  says,  "  because  thou  hast  kept 
the  word  of  my  patience,  I  also  will  keep 
thee  from  the  hour  of  temptation,  which  sha" 
come  upon  all  the  world,  to  try  them  that 
dwell  upon  the  earth."  And  it  is  written  : 
"I  have  refined  thee,  but  not  with  silver;  I 
have  chosen  thee  in  the  furnace  of  affliction." 
So  let  us  gird  up  the  loins  of  our  minds,  and 
be  strong  in  the  Lord,  that  we  may  abide  the 
day  of  his  coming,  when  he  comes  as  a  refiner 
and  purifier.  Let  us  turn  from  the  weak  and 
beggarly  elements,  to  the  Spirit  of  Christ 
within.  For  now  under  the  more  immediate 
influence  of  the  gospel  light,  a  voice  descends 
as  from  heaven,  saying  in  the  secret  of  the 
soul,  '■  This  is  my  beloved  son,  in  whom  I  am 
well  pleased,  hear  ye  Him."  And  if  they 
escaped  not  who  refused  Moses  when  he 
spake  on  earth,  much  more  shall  not  we  escape 
if  we  turn  away  from  Him  that  speaketh 
from  heaven,  "  whose  voice  then  shook  the 
earth,"  but  now  hath  He  promised,  saying, 
"  yet  once  more  I  shake  not  the  earth  only, 
but  also  heaven."  And  He  is  now  terribly 
shaking  the  religious  world — trying  the  foun- 
dations we  are  building  upon  —  disturbing 
many  from  their  beds  of  ease  and  delusive 
enjoyments,  so  as  that  only  which  cannot  be 
shaken  may  remain.  But  there  is  a  founda- 
tion that  we  may  build  upon  and  stand  sure  ; 
against  which  the  delusive  openings  or  gates 
of  hell  shall  never  be  able  to  prevail,  so  as  to 
lead  us  off  into  a  fancied  happiness  or  false 
heaven. 

I).  H. 
Thorntown,  Ind.,  1st  mo.  10th,  1884 


The  Taj-Mahal. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Jumna,  near  Agra, 
India,  stands  the  most  beautiful  building  of 
earth.  It  is  the  matchless,  marvellous,  world- 
renowned  Taj-Mahal,  a  magnificent  mauso- 
leum, which,  though  designed  for  a  tomb,  has 
more  the  appearance  of  a  splendid  palace  or 
temple.  "  This  gem  of  all  India"  was  built  by 
the  great  Mogul  Emperor  Shah  Jehan,  ( "  King 
of  the  World,")  as  a  memorial  to  his  favorite 
wile,  the  beautiful  Empress  Mumtaz-i-Mabal, 
("  Exalted  one  of  the  palace,")  who  died  A. 
D.  1629. 

It  is  so  majestic  in  its  outline,  and  yet  so 
beautiful  in  its  minutest  decorations — so  mas- 
sive in  its  dimensions,  and  yet  so  delicate  in 
its  adornments,  that  it  is  no  wonder  Bishop 
Heber  says  its  architects  "  built  like  Titans 
and  finished  like  jewelers."  The  Taj  was 
commenced  in  1630,  and  completed  in  1647, 
at  a  cost  of  $15,00(1,000,  when  money  was  five 
time,  its  present  value.  In  its  construction 
20,01)0  men  toiled  tor  seventeen  years,  most 
nf  them  without  compensation.  The  whole 
building,  inside  and  out.  dome,  walls,  ceiling, 
crypt,  tombs,  ami  all,  is  of  pure,  polished 
marble.  For  over  200  years  it  has  stood  in 
its  whiteness  ami  glory,  in  its  silence  and 
grandeur,  unchanged  amid  the  changes  of 
time,  unharmed  amid  the  ravages  of  war. 

On  her  death  Mumta/.  sent  for  the  Em- 
peror and  said,  "O  King,  promise  me  that 
you  will  never  marry  again,  and  so  have 
children  that  will  contend  with  mine  for  the 
kingdom  ;  also  promise  mi'  that  you  will  build 


for  me  a  tomb  more  beautiful  than  the  world 
has  ever  seen."  The  promises  were  made,  and 
faithfully  did  the  great  and  royal  mourner 
keep  his  vows.  He  never  married  again,  and 
began  immediately  to  plan  for  the  great  tomb, 
which  has  been  the  wonder  and  admiration 
of  the  world  for  near  two  and  a  half  centuries. 
Architects  were  called  from  many  lands,  and 
materials  gathered  from  all  parts  of  his  own 
and  other  kingdoms. 

The  Taj  stands  in  a  beautiful  park  and 
garden,  embracing  about  twenty  acres,  and 
filled  with  rich  flowers,  rare  shrubs,  statety 
trees,  marble  walks,  and  playing  fountains. 
This  inclosure  is  surrounded  by  a  lofty  wall 
of  red  sandstone,  over  a  mile  in  circuit,  with 
towers  at  each  corner,  and  arched  colonnades 
on  the  interior.  Approaching  this  most  im- 
pressive of  the  world's  great  tombs,  you  be- 
hold a  noble  structure,  so  rich  and  massive 
that  you  involuntarily  exclaim,  "  O,  the  Taj  ! 
the  Taj  !"  But  no.  It  is  only  the  portal  to 
a  far  more  magnificent  building.  This  superb 
and  colossal  gateway  of  red  sandstone  is  over 
100  feet  wide  and  near  100  feet  high,  elabo- 
rately carved,  inlaid  with  quotations  from 
the  Koran,  and  surmounted  with  its  twenty- 
six  white  marble  cupolas. 

In  the  farther  end  of  the  charming  inclosure 
ses  the  Taj  in  all  its  gloiy.  It  stands  upon 
two  vast  platforms  or  terraces,  the  lower  one 
of  rich  red  sandstone,  four  feet  high,  and  near 
1,000  feet  broad  ;  the  upper  one  of  pure  white 
marble,  18  feet  high,  and  over  300  feet  square. 
From  the  four  corners  of  the  marble  terrace 
rise  four  slender,  graceful,  yet  strong,  minarets, 
of  white  marble,  each  137  feet  hi^h.    On 


of  those   very  "unbelievers." — S.  Brown 
Christian  Advocate. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

WHEN    TO    SPEAK    AND    WHEN    TO    BE  SILENT. 

Joseph  Hoag  says  in  his  Journal,  that  at  a 
meeting  in  Tennessee,  "I  was  led  to  show 
that  the  work  of  religion  was  a  work  carried  | 
on  between  God  and  the  soul,  and  known  to  i 
none  else  ;  and  that  an  unauthorized  relation  j 
of  religious  experience  was  often  attended 
with  loss  to  individuals  who  were  in  the  prac- 
tice ;  that  while  the  attention  of  the  soul 
was  kept  fixed  upon  the  Lord,  who  had  be- 
gun the  work  of  reformation  in  and  upon  it, 
a  growth  in  grace  is  witnessed,  as  from  stature 
to  stature,  and  a  holy  communion  was  held 
with  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  in  the  secret  of 
the  soul ;  which  being  thus  believed  in  and 
obeyed,  all  our  duties  to  God,  to  our  fellow 
creatures,  and  ourselves,  were  clearly  made 
known  to  us  ;  and  that  the  duties  so  per- 
formed were  always  acceptable  with  the  Lord, 
while  all  man's  contrivances,  devotion  and 
will-worship  are  neglected  by  Him." 

David  Ferris,  in  speaking  of  bis  spiritual 
progress,  gives  a  similar  caution.  In  his 
Journal  occurs  the  following  passage: 

"  Here  I  think  proper  to  remark,  that  in 
one  respect  I  was  apt  to  err,  until  experience 
taught  me  better.  This  was  talking  too 
much  about  religion  in  my  own  will  and  time. 
At  length  I  found  it  tended  to  poverty  ;  and  I; 
learned,  when  in  company,  not  to  be  forward 
to  enter  into   any  discourse   concerning 

ect ;  but  to  be  content 


each  ligion  or  any  other  subjc 
squelto  keep  silence  and  be  e 


side  of  the  Taj  is  also  a  Mohammedan  mosque  !to  keep  silence  and  be  esteemed  a  fool  ;  until 
of  red  sandstone,  with  marble  domes,  stand- 1  Truth  arose,  a  subject  clearly  presented,  and 
ing  like  sentinels  to  the  wonderful  shrine.  In  liberty  was  givon  for  conversation.  Then  B 
the  centre  of  the  high  marble  terrace,  sur-lfound  a  qualification  to  speak  to  the  odifica- 
rounded  by  the  minarets  and  flanked  by  the  [tion  of  others,  and  my  own  peace  and  satis- 
mosques,  stands  the  Taj  itself.  It  is  186  feet  [faction.  I  mention  this  for  the  benefit  of 
square,  or  nearly  square,  having  truncated  others  ;  being  convinced  that  many  who  have 
corners,  which  gives  it  the  appearance  of  an  I  had  experience  of  the  Truth,  and  have 
irregular  octagon.  From  the  marble  platform  j  some  degre'e  witnessed  a  change  of  heart, 
to  the  golden  crcscnt  that  tips  the  spire  is I have  talked  so  much  on  religious  subjects, 
275  feet.  that  their  souls  have  become  barren;  so  aty 

The  interior  of  the  Taj  is  one  grand  rotunda,  [scarcely  to  know  when  good  eometh." 
All   the  light  the    building   has,   streams   in       In  conversation  on  religious  subjects,  the 
through  screens  of  marble  trellis  work,  but  mind  is  often  influenced  by  a  concealed  self- 


his  is  sufficient  to  reveal  the  amazing  beaut}7 
of  the  place.  Directly  under  the  vast  dome 
are  the  cenotaphs,  which  represent  the  tombs 
the  vault  beneath.  Sweeping  entirely 
around,  and  enclosing  these  representative 
tombs,  is  a  magnificent  white  marble  screen, 

"x  feet  high,  carved  to  represent  delicate  lace- 
work'.  This  screen  and  the  inclosed  cenotaphs 
have  been  the  admiration  of  millions.  This 
earth  surely  cannot  show  their  equal.  By  a 
flight  of  marble  steps,  worn  smooth  by  the 
pressure  of  innumerable  feet,  we  descended 
"nto  the  dim  crypt  below,  and  stood  beside 
the  real  tombe.  We  fell-  like  treading  softly 
md  speaking  low,  for  before  us  the  great  Em- 
press and  her  royal  husband  were  sleeping 
side  by  side.  Each  sarcophagus  was  of  snow- 
hite  marble,  and  each  covered  with  exquisite 
wreaths  and  garlands  of  vines  and  flowers 
texts  from  the  Koran,  all  formed  by  in- 
laid precious  stones.  On  the  tomb  of  the 
Empress  is  the  following  remarkable  inscrip- 
tion :  "Defend  us  from  lln-  tribe  of  unbelievers." 
Being  a  devoted  Mohammedan  and  a  bitter 
enemy  of  Christianity,  she  had  that  prayer 
inscribed  on  her  tomb.      I'.ut    to-day  not  only 


love,  which  is  gratified  by  the  impression  we< 
think  is  made  on  others  as  to  ourown  spiritual 
attainments.  This  disposition  is  one  that 
will  not  bear  the  searching  scrunity  of  the 
Light  of  Christ  to  which  all  our  words,  as  well 
as  thoughts  and  actions,  ought  to  be  brought, 
to  see  whether  they  are  "  wrought  in  God.' 
William  Lewis,  a  valuable  minister  who  de- 
ceased at  Bristol,  in  England,  has  left  us  in) 
his  Memoirs,  the  following  remarks  on  this 
subject : 

"When  I  consider,  and  considering,  feel, 
the  depth  and  strength  of  self-love  in  tho 
fallen  soul  of  man,  broken  oil'  from  union  with) 
the  porfect  will  of  its  glorious  Creator;  and) 
the  almost  perpetual  springing  forth  of  vain- 
glorious desire,  branching  and  spreading  in 
some  direction  or  other  from  this  bitter  root; 
writing,  or  even  speaking  of  ourselves,  ap- 
pears to  my  view,  an  engagement  requiring 
watchfulness  and  self-abasement:  under  this 
persuasion  I  have  cautiously  avoided  epis- 
tolary correspondence  on  my  own  spiritual 
concerns,  and  have  long  believed  it  would  be 
better  for  all  religiously  exercised  persons 
(particularly  those  who  are  young) to  be  less 
employed  in  this  way  than  is  commonly  tho 


THE    FRIEND. 


221 


case  ;  apprehending  tbe}r  are  not  sufficiently 
aware  of  the  subtle  workings  of  him,  who, 
in  a  transformed  appearance,  can  secretly 
awaken  desires  after  significance  and  strong 
interest  for  us,  in  the  minds  of  our  friends,  as 
religious  proficients,  under  a  profession  of 
feeling  such  weakness,  as  makes  questionable 
to  us  our  classing  with  even  the  lowest  rank 
in  the  school  of  Christ. 

':  That  the  operation  of  the  '  Light  of  Life,' 
which  came  by  our  holy  Lord  Jesus,  the  one 
blessed  quickening  Spirit,  doth  early  contrite, 
abase  and  humble  every  heart  that  fully  opens 
for  its  entrance  and  adheres  to  its  manifesta- 
tions, all,  who  have  witnessed  its  convicting 
nature  and  power,  will  readily  admit ;  and  con- 
sequently, that  humble,  penitential  acknowl- 
edgments accord  with  the  real  state  and  feel- 
ing of  even  'babes  in  Christ;'  but  knowing 

n  some  measure  that  the  inward  thought  of 
the  heart  is  deep  ;  that  deceitfulness  lodges 
rein, — can  work  itself  into,  and  taint  our 
best  words  and  works.  I  remain  fixed  in  the 
judgment,  that  (unless  peculiar  circumstances 
attach)  self  should  not  be  our  subject,  when 
we  write  on  spiritual  matters  ;  that  the  mar- 
vellous work  of  a  gracious  God  in  the  deep 
of  our  hearts,  should  be  gratefully  acknowl 
ged  to  Him  in  secret;  our  inward  sorrows 
poured  out  before  Him:  that  under  the  pain- 
ful sense  of  our  defilement,  we  should  simply 

eek  to  that  fountain  which  lie  bath  pro- 
vided, and  which  He  alone  opens,  for  the 
washing  it  away;  and  thus  go  with  the  con- 
fession of  our  sins  to  Him  who  is  faithful  and 
just  to  forgive  them;  and   who   (if  we   are 

workers  together  with  Him')  will  assuredly 

cleanse  us  from  all  unrighteousness.'  " 
Just  and  valuable  as  are  the  above  observa- 
tions, they  should  not  be  so  applied  as  to 
limit  a  right  freedom  of  unfolding  our  exer- 
cises, in  which  there  is  sometimes  a  service 
for  the  good  of  others.  It  is  recorded,  "  They 
that  feared  the  Lord  spake  often  one  to  an- 
other ;  and  the  Lord  hearkened  and  heard  it; 
and  a  book  of  remembrance  was  written  be- 
fore Him  for  them  that  feared  the  Lord  and 
thought  upon  His  name."  If  the  heart  is 
truly  possessed  with  the  love  of  God,  the 
conversation  will  evince  it,  for  "  out  of  the 
abundance  of  the  heart,  the  mouth  speaketh.'' 
There  is  perhaps  no  safer  rule  to  follow,  than 
that  pointed  out  in  the  petition  of  the  Psalmist 
May  the  words  of  my  mouth  and  the 
meditations  of  my  heart,  be  acceptable  in  thy 

ight,  O  Lord,  my  strength  and  my  Bedeemer." 

David  Ferris  says,  the  Lord  "  became  my 

director  in   all   things  ;  showing  me  clearly 

hat  my  duties  were  ;   and  enabling  me  to 

perform  them  in  an  acceptable  manner.    But 

fat  any  time  I  acted  in  1113-  own  will,  I  lost 
my  strength,  and  found  no  acceptance  nor 
benefit  by  my  performances  ;  by  which  I 
gradually  learnt  that  I  could  do  nothing  ac- 
ceptably without  the  immediate  assistance  of 
the  Spirit  of  Christ  the  Redeemer.  Thus  I 
Found  a  necessity  to  apply  continually  to  my 
ly  and  all-sufficient  helper;  and  humbly  to 
rwait  for  his  assistance  and  direction  ;  and,  as 
I  was  faithful,  He  led  me  into  the  path  of 
life,  which,  if  continued  in,  will  terminate  in 
everlasting  peace." 

Richard  Shackleton,  of  Ballitore,  Ireland, 
in  a  letter  to  one  of  his  daughters,  after  giving 
her  some  weighty  counsel  adds,  "These  things 
occurred,  and  I  venture  to  pen  them  down, 
in  a  degree  of  freedom  of  mind.  And  indeed, 
thout  such  freedom,  we  should  be  cautious 


of  writing  or  speaking  on  the  solemn  subject 
of  religion.  Our  own  spirits,  as  human  crea 
tures,  may  agitate  other  matters  ;  but  the 
Spirit  of  Christ  in  us  should  more  or  less  open 
our  understandings,  and  give  liberty,  where 
we  meddle  with  the  things  of  his  kingdom." 


'  The  Friend." 


HYMN  OF  THANKSGIVING. 
Praise  to  God,  immortal  praise, 
For  the  love  that  crowns  our  days; 
Bounteous  Source  of  every  joy, 
Let  thy  praise  our  tongues  employ  ! 

For  the  blessing  of  the  field, 
For  the  stores  the  gardens  yield, 
For  the  vine's  exalted  juice, 
For  the  generous  olive's  youth  ; 

Flocks  that  whiten  all  the  plain, 
Yellow  sheaves  of  ripened  grain, 
Clouds  that  drop  their  Mattering  dews, 
Suns  that  temperate  warmth  diffuse; 

All  that  spring  with  bounteous  hand, 
Scatters  o'er  the  smiling  land; 
All  that  liberal  autumn  pours 
From  her  rich  o'er-flowing  stores  ; 

These  to  Thee,  my  God,  we  owe — 
Source  whence  all  our  blessings  flow  ! 
And  for  these  my  soul  shall  raise 
Grateful  vows  and  solemn  praise. 

Y'et  should  rising  whirlwinds  tear 
From  his  stem  the  ripening  ear, 
Should  the  tig  tree's  blasted  shoot 
Drop  her  green,  untimely  fruit; 

Should  the  vine  put  forth  no  more, 
Nor  the  olive  yield  her  store, 
Though  the  sickening  flocks  should  fail, 
And  the  herds  desert  the  stall ; 

Should  thine  altered  hand  restrain 
The  early  and  the  latter  rain, 
Blast  each  opening  bud  of  joy, 
And  the  rising  year  destroy — 

Yet  to  Thee  my  soul  should  raise 
Grateful  vows  and  solemn  praise, 
And,  when  everv  blessing  flown, 
Love  Thee— for'Thyself  alone. 

— Anna  Lacl'.lia  Bar, 


■     THE  LITTLE  HARES. 
The  gray-leaved  hardbacks,  stifl'and  high, 

With  white  and  rosy  plumes  are  dressed  ; 
And  underneath  them,  warm  and  drv, 

Some  wild  field-hares  have  made  their  nest  ; 
A  mother  and  her  little  ones — 
Four  brown,  soft,  tiny,  baby  buns. 

The  long-eared  mother  comes  and  goes; 

The  little  hares  lie  still  all  day, 
And  sleep  with  open  eyes,  till  blows 

The  sunset  wind  ;  then  out  to  play 
They  lightly  leap  without  a  sound, 
And  still  as  shadows  frisk  around. 

They  breakfast  with  the  break  of  light — 
One  has  a  grass-blade  springing  new, 

One  a  red  raspberry,  one  a  white 
Sweet  clover  blossom,  wet  with  dew; 

And  one,  the  daintiest  of  them  all, 

Pink  leaves  a  brier-rose  let  fall. 

The  summer  days  go  hurrying  by  ; 

The  little  hares  grow  fleet  and  strong  ; 
Across  the  pasture  grass  they  fly 

Like  leaves  in  autumn   blown  along; 
It  seems  as  if  their  feet  were  wings, 
The  lovely,  flitting,  fairy  things! 

Among  the  bushes  through  the  fern, 
They  wander  here,  they  wander  there  : 

They  change  their  course,  and  wind  and  turn, 
And  quite  forget  the  mother  hare. 

Their  hardback-sheltered  days  are  o'er; 

The  buns  are  baby  buns  no  more. 

— Marian  Douglass. 


Temptations  are  instructions  when  resisted. 


Gospel  Ministry. 

"  There  is  such  a  thing  as  a  very  small  gift 
in  a  great  many  words;  and  there  is  such  a 
thing  as  a  large  gift  in  a  very  few  words;  we 
do  not  want  an  eloquent  ministry;  we  do  not 
want  a  flowery  ministry;  we  want  a  living 
ministry;  we  want  a  baptizing  ministry:  a 
ministry  that  will  break  a  hard  heart,  and 
heal  a  wounded  one;  a  ministry  that  will 
lead  us  to  the  fountain,  and  leave  its  there." 

In  the  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Mary  Neale, 
a  minister  travelling  on  a  religious  visit  to  the 
churches,  she  says:  "I  travelled  a  week  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk,  (England)  in  silence — 
was  at  six  meetings  that  were  appointed,  and 
bad  not  strength  to  open  my  mouth  in  any  of 
them  ;  a  path  I  am  ready  to  think  more  "will 
be  called  into  if  [rightly  subjected  to  the 
Divine  will,  for  the  Church  in  many  places 
groans  under  a  lifeless  ministry." 

The  Littles  are  the  Larger. 

It  is  not  merely  that  the  littles  have  their 
place  and  part  in  making  up  the  larger; 
everybody  admits  that:  but  it  is  that,  in  a 
sense,  the  littles  are  in  themselves  the  larger; 
not  everybody  recognizes  that  as  a  truth' 

It  is  the  thin  edge  of  the  blade  that  docs 
the  cutting.  Not  in  the  massive  hilt,  but  in 
the  attenuated  point,  of  the  dagger,  lies  the 
danger  of  that  weapon.  Old  soldiers  have 
no  such  fear  of  heavy  artillery,  as  of  light 
infantry.  They  do  not  dread  the  ponderous 
round  shot,  or  the  shrieking  Parrot  shell,  as 
they  do  the  hissing  bullet  that  pierces  the 
air,  and  tissues  of  life,  like  a  flying  needle. 
It  is  said  that  the  cost  of  the  fences  in  America 
is  greater  in  the  aggregate  than  the  cost  of 
the  buildings.  It  is  certainly  the  case  that 
the  smaller  items  exceed  in  amount  the  larger 
ones  in  every  man's  cash  account.  And  when 
it  comes  to  the  troubles  and  worries  of  life, 
who  will  saj-  that  it  is  the  great  things  rather 
than  the  little  ones  which  make  up  his  daily 
burden,  and  that  cost  him  his  keenest  heart- 
pangs  ? 

All  great  discoveries  are  made  through 
observing  the  little  things  rather  than  the 
larger  ones.  It  is  the  man  who  watches  the 
swinging  lamp,  or  the  falling  apple,  or  the  fly- 
ing kite,  or  the  twitching  muscles  of  the  frog, 
or  the  convulsive  lifting  of  the  kettle-cover, 
or  who  pores  in  study  over  the  lenses  of  the 
microscope,  who  brings  to  light  new  forces  in 
nature,  and  new  helps  to  toil,  and  to  power, 
and  to  health.  More  has  been  learned  con- 
cerning the  material  universe  be3Tond  our 
globe,  by  the  examination  of  the  single  rays 
of  light  from  the  distant  orbs,  under  the 
scrutiny  of  the  spectroscope,  than  by  all  the 
survey  of  the  vast  orbs  themselves  in  the 
limitless  sweep  of  the  telescope.  And  the 
great  scholar  in  anjT  sphere  always  shows  his 
greatness  rather  in  his  new  uplifting  of  an 
overlooked  little  in  his  realm  of  research,  than 
in  his  setting  in  a  new  light  the  great  truths 
which  even  an  untrained  eye  could  see,  and 
an  unskilled  mind  could  recognize  the  mean- 
ing of. 

Many  a  man  who  could  nerve  himself  up 
to  bear  the  amputation  of  a  limb,  or  who 
could  move  forward  unflinchingly  into  the 
thick  of  battle,  shrinks  like  a  child  from  the 
thought  of  having  a  tooth  pulled,  or  an  in- 
flamed finger  lanced.  The  vety  smallness  of 
the  demand  for  courage  stands  as  a  barrier 


222 


THE    FRIEND. 


to  heroism.  As  there  are  poisons  which  kill 
surel}'  in  small  doses,  but  which  work  their 
own  cure  in  larger  portions,  so  there  are  many 
trials  and  causes  of  suffering  which  are  over- 
powering and  deadly  in  proportion  to  their 
seeming  insignificance.  Those  who  could 
bear  great  griefs  courageously,  and  who  could 
grandly  meet  great  emergencies,  are  power- 
less in  the  presence  of  discomforts  and  annoy- 
ances which  are  large  enough  to  be  a  reality*, 
but  too  small  to  create  a  demand  on  all  the 
energies  of  mind  and  heart.  And  so,  as  in 
many  another  sphere,  the  little  troubles  prove 
to  such  sufferers  the  larger  ones. 

And  because  the  littles  are  the  larger,  it 
behooves  us  to  look  well  to  the  littles  in  our 
dealings  with  others,  and  in  our  being  and 
doing  Ijefore  God.  It  is  by  our  littles  that 
we  have  power  for  good  or  for  ill  among  our 
fellows  ;  and  it  is  by  our  littles  that  our  char- 
acter is  both  shaped  and  shown. 

It  is  by  the  little  word  or  deed  of  loving 
kindness  and  loving  sympathy  that  we  make 
other  hearts  glad,  and  that  we  win  the  love 
and  gratitude  of  others.  And  it  is  by  the 
little  word  of  thoughtless  or  deliberate  uu- 
kindness  or  severity  that  we  give  pain  to 
others,  and  that  we  leave  sad  or  bitter  memo- 
ries of  our  unlovely  course  in  the  minds  of 
those  whose  love  and  respect  we  might  have 
won  and  held.  It  is  often  true  that — 
"  A  clouded  face 
Strikes  deeper  than  an  angry  blow." 

It  requires  constant  watchfulness  to  guard 
our  littles  in  speech  and  conduct.  It  is  harder 
to  be  always  right  in  little  things,  than  to  be 
always  right  in  great  things.  It  is  easier  to 
show  littleness  in  the  doing  or  the  attempting 
of  great  things,  than  it  is  to  show  greatness 
in  the  doing  or  attempting  of  little  things. 
But  both  these  things  are  possible  ;  and  both 
of  them  are  sure  to  be  recognized,  and  to  have 
their  potency,  whenever  and  wherever  they 
are  manifested. 

We  judge  our  fellows  and  we  are  judged  of 
others,  by  little  things  rather  than  bjr  those 
that  are  obviously  great  things.  It  is  the 
unconscious,  the  instinctive,  and  the  impulsive 
word  and  act  of  those  whom  wo  observe, 
rather  than  their  more  deliberate  and  formal 
expressions  of  self,  by  which  we  shape  our 
estimate  of  them.  And  in  the  same  way 
we  are  judged  by  the  world  around  us.  It  is 
more  important  for  us,  in  fact,  to  have  a  care 
to  our  course  in  the  minor  affairs  of  every- 
day life  than  in  the  greater  matters  and  on 
the  chief  occasions,  when  everybody  knows 
that  we  are  on  our  guard  and  at  our  best. 

When  the  Lord  chose  men  for  Gideon's 
army.  Ho  judged  them  by  the  way  in  which 
they  performed  so  simple  an  act  as  drinking 
from  a  spring.  In  our  Lord's  parable,  it  was 
the  man  who  had  taken  care  of  ono  pound 
faithfully,  to  whom  his  master  gave  the  rule 
dt  ten  cities.  God's  rule  of  judging  is  ot 
universal  application  :  "  He  that  is  faithful 
in  a  very  little  is  faithful  also  in  much  ;  and 
he  that  is  unrighteous  in  a  very  little  is  un- 
righteous also  in  much." — >S'.  S.  Times. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Nickle  Mines  in  Nevada.— Samples  of  ore 
from  Nevada,  analyzed  in   1881   for  copper, 

were  found  tO  be  very  rich  in  nickel.  The 
nickel  lands  are  located  in  ( 'luircbill  county, 
Nevada,  and  are  thought  to  be  the  richest, 
and  most  valuable  property  of  the  kind  ^ 


discovered.  Thirty  tons  of  the  ore  were  sent 
to  London,  which  were  found  to  contain  over 
29  per  cent,  of  nickel. 

Milk  and  Infectious  Diseases. — An  outbreak 
of  typhoid  fever  in  St.  Pancras,  London,  has 
been  traced  to  the  milk  supply  directly,  and 
indirectly  to  a  sycamore  tree.  Luring  [Eighth 
month]  there  were  223  cases  of  the  epidemic 
within  a  limited  area.  The  sanitary  officer 
conducting  an  investigation  began  by  making 
a  map  of  the  district,  showing  the  distribution 
of  houses  where  there  had  been  sickness.  He 
was  able  at  once  to  discard  two  theories  of 
infection,  namely,  the  condition  of  the  Re- 
gent's Canal  and  contaminated  water  from 
the  mains,  and  speedily  to  find  an  adequate 
cause  in  the  milk  supply.  Out  of  431  persons 
attacked  during  the  summer,  368  were  known 
to  obtain  milk  from  one  dealer,  and  the  re- 
maining 63  might  have  done  so  indirectly. 
Houses  supplied  by  other  dealers  escaped; 
and  in  families  which  depended  upon  the  fatal 
milk  cart,  those  who  drank  milk,  were  at- 
tacked, while  those  who  preferred  beer  did 
not  have  the  fever. 

The  dealer  obtained  milk  from  five  farms, 
but  the  houses  in  St.  Pancras  in  which  the 
fever  had  occurred  had  been  supplied  mainly 
from  the  same  farm.     This  was  in  St.  Albans  ; 


dam,  he  went  over  and  came  very  near  drown- 
ing.— Detroit  Free  Press. 

"The  Interior  of  Greenland. — The  anticipa- 
tion of  Professor  Nordenskjold  that  the  in- 
terior of  Greenland  would  be  found  destitute 
of  snow,  as  a  result  of  an  excess  of  aqueous 
condensation  on  the  border  (mountain)  re- 
gions of  the  semi-continent,  and  a  correspond- 
ing deficiency  of  precipitation  inland,  has  not 
been  verified  by  his  recent  researches.  The'i 
inland-ice  party,  which  left  the  Anleitsvik 
Fjord  on  the  4th  of  7th  month  last,  and  pene- 
trated into  the  inhospitable  interior  far  be- 
yond the  limits  probably  ever  before  attained i 
by  man,  found  an  interminable  sheet  of  ice 
and  snow  stretching  in  all  directions.  At  an 
elevation  of  five  thousand  feet,  and  about 
ninetj'  miles  east  of  the  glacier  border,  the 
soft  snow  prevented  sledging,  the  further 
journey  to  an  elevation  of  seven  thousand 
feet  being  performed  by  Laplanders  on  snow- 
shoes. 

Dust. — The  dirt  of  an  ordinary  house,  the 
dirt  which  may  bo  wiped  from  the  wa 
swept  off  the  furniture  and  beaten  out  of  theA 
carpets,  would  be  sufficient,  if  it  were  pow- 
dered in  the  form  of  dust  over  the  patients  in 
the  surgical  wards  of  a  great  hospital,  to  bring; 
all  their  wounds  into  a  condition  which  would: 


and  as  direct  evidence  that  this  was  the  source' jeopardize  life.     It  cannot  bo  supposed  thatl 


of  affection,  the  sanitary  officer  ascertained 
that  certain  porters  in  the  dealer's  employ 
were  attacked  after  drinking  the  milk,  that 
there  wei-e  additional  cases  on  the  farm  itself, 
and  that  houses  in  St.  Albans  supplied  with 
the  same  milk  were  also  infected.  The  in- 
vestigation having  been  narrowred  down  to  a 
single  farm,  the  water  supply  naturally  fell 
under  suspicion.  The  milk  cans  and  pails 
were  found  to  be  washed  everyday  in  a  dairy 
with  water  obtained  from  a  well  adjoining  a 
cess-pool.  A  sycamore  tree  stood  between 
them,  and  its  roots  probably  gave  opportu- 
nity for  the  percolation  of  leakage  from  one 
into  the  other.  This  was  the  most  satisfac- 
tory explanation  which  the  sanitary  inspector 
could  give  of  the  outbreak  of  the  fever. 

It  is  by  no  means  certain,  however,  that 
the  milk  was  not  infected  by  the  prevalence! 
of  the  disease  at  the  farm.  A  dairyman  in 
Dundee,  for  example,  who  kept  his  supply  ot 
milk  in  a  room  where  his  little  boy  lay  pros- 
trated with  scarlet  fever,  introduced  the  dis- 
ease in  various  households,  until  there  were 
seventeen  cases  and  four  deaths.  Instances 
are  constantly  arising  were  infectious  disease 
is  directly  communicated  by  means  of  milk 
that  has  been  directly  exposed  to  contamina- 
tion in  dairies  or  farm  houses.  It  is  possible, 
therefore,  that  the  sycamore  tree  had  less  to 
do  with  the  spread  of  contagion  than  the  in- 
spector supposed.  The  relative  situation  of 
tho  cesspool  and  the  well,  however,  naturally 
suggested  tho  final  step  in  his  series  of  ingeni- 
ous deductions. — JY.   Y.  Tribune. 

A  Duck's  Ruse.  Against  a  Dog. — While  hunt- 
ing above  the  Grand  River  dam  a  man  shot, 
but  (lid  not,  kill,  one  of  two  ducks  which  were 
mates,  lie  sent  his  dog  into  the  river  after 
it,  and  as  the  injured  one  could  not  swim  very 
fast  the  dog  was  likely  to  get  it.  Seeing  this, 
the  other  one,  which  had  swam  quite  a  ways 
ahead,  turned  about-  and  came  near  the  dog, 
which  immediately  left  Hie  other  and  chased 
this.  The  duck  now  just  kept  out  of  reach 
of  the  dog,  and  led  it,  down  toward  the  dam 
and  just  before  reaching  it  dove  under.  The 
iloo- 'failed    to   gel    it    and,  being  so   near  the 


such  dirt  is  innocuous  when  it  is  breathed  or: 
swallowed,  and  it  certainly  possesses  the  pro- 
perty of  retaining  for  long  periods  the  con- 
tagious matter  given  off  by  various  diseases. 
Instances  without  number  are  on  record  in 
which  the  poison  of  scarlet  fever,  long  dormant 
in  a  dirt}*  house,  has  been  roused  into  activity 
by  some  probably  imperfect  or  badky  done 
attempts  at  cleansing. — London  Times. 

Sensitive  Plant. — "  On  either  side  of  the 
road  the  ground  is  densely  carpeted  with  the 
senstive  plant,  whose  lovely  tripartite  leaves- 
are  green  above  and  brown  below.  It  is  a 
fascinating  plant.  Touch  any  part  of  a  leaf 
ever  so  lightly,  and  as  quick  as  thought  it 
folds  up.  Touch  the  centre  of  the  three  ever3 
so  lightly,  and  leaf  and  stalk  fall  smitten. 
Touch  a  branch  and  every  leaf  closes,  andi 
every  stalk  falls  as  if  weighted  with  lead. 
Walk  over  it,  and  you  seem  to  have  blasted 
the  earth  with  a  fiery  tread,  leaving  desola- 
tion behind.  Every  trailing  plant  falls,  the 
leaves  closing  show  only  their  red-brown 
backs,  and  all  tho  beauty  has  vanished  ;  but't 
the  burned  and  withered-looking  earth  is  as 
fair  as  ever  the  next  morning. —  Golden  Cher- 
sonese. 

Trained  Baboon. — In  the  narrative  of  hen 
travels  in  the  Malay  Peninsula,  I.  L.  Bird; 
several  times  speaks  of  apes  or  baboons  which 
had  been  taught  to  ascend  the  cocoa-pal  ml 
and  gather  the  ripe  fruit.  When  in  Perak, 
she  says,  one  of  the  Rajah's  followers  "had 
brought  a  '  baboon,'  an  ape  or  monkey  trained 
to  gather  cocoa-nuts,  a  hideous  beast  on  very 
long  legs  when  on  all  fours,  but  capable  of 
walking  erect.  They  called  him  a  '  dog-faced 
baboon,'  but  I  think  they  were  wrong.  Ho 
has  a  short,  curved  tail,  sable-colored  fur, 
darkening  down  his  bacl<,  and  a  most  repul- 
sive, treacherous,  and  ferocious  countenance. 
He  is  fierce,  but  likes,  or  at  all  events  obeyi 
bis  owner,  who  held  him  witli  a  rope  50  feet 
long.  At  present  he  is  only  half  lame,  and 
would  go  back-  to  the  jungle  if  liberated.  He 
was  sent  up  a  cocoa-nut  tree  which  was 
heavily  loaded  witli  nuts  in  various  stages  of 
ripeness  and   unripeness;   going  up  in  surly 


THE    FRIEND. 


223 


fashion,  looking  round  at  intervals  and  shak- 
ing his  chain  angrily.  When  he  got  to  the 
top,  he  shook  the  fronds  and  stalks,  but  no 
nuts  fell,  and  he  chose  a  ripe  one,  and  twisted 
Hind  and  round  till  its  tenacious  fibers 
Rye  ivaj,  and  then  threw  it  down  and  began 
to  descend,  thinking  he  had  done  enough  ; 
3ut  on  being  spoken  to  he  went  to  work  again 
"th  great  vigor,  picked  out  all  the  ripe  nuts 
in  the  tree,  twisted  them  all  off,  and  then 
ame  down  in  a  thoroughly  bad,  sulk}7  tem- 
per. He  was  walking  erect,  and  it  seemed 
iiseourteous  not  to  go  and  thank  him  for  all 
lis  hard  toil." 


THE    FRIEND. 


SECOND  MONTH  16,  1S84. 


The  testimony  of  the  Scriptures  to  the 
Divine  character  and  offices  of  our  Saviour, 
lesus  Christ,  is  so  clear  and  full,  that  the 
■eading  of  the  inspired  records  is  calculated 
,o  give  to  the  simple-hearted,  a  full  belief  in 
hose  Gospel  truths. 

Thus  we  find  in  the  1st  chapter  of  Mat  the  w 
tis  distinctly  declared  that  He  was  conceived 
>y  the  Divine  Power — that  He  was  to  be 
ailed  Jesus  (a  Saviour)  because  "  He  shall 
,ave  his  people  from  their  sins" — and  that 
his  was  done  in  the  fulfilment  of  the  pro- 
phecy, that  "  a  virgin  shall  bring  forth  a  son, 
Bad  they  shall  call  his  name  Emmanuel; 
jvhich,  being  interpreted,  is,  God  with  us." 

Surely  there  is  no  mere  man  of  whom  all 
his  can  be  truly  said  ! 

In  Matthew,  3rd  chapter,  Johu  the  Baptist 
estified  of  Jesus,  "  He  that  cometh  after  me 

mightier  than  I,  whose  shoes  I  am  not 
vorthy  to  bear ;  He  shall  baptize  you  with 
he  Holy  Ghost  and  with  fire."  "And  when 
Testis  came  up  out  of  the  water,  the  heavens 
vere  opened  unto  him.  and  he  saw  the  Spirit 
}f  God  descending  like  a  dove  arrd  lighting 
ipon  Him  ;  and,  lo,  a  voice  from  Heaven,  say- 
ng,  This  is  my  beloved  Son,  in  whom  I  am 
veil  pleased." 

In    the  4th    chapter,  He  is  spoken  of  as 

healing  all  manner  of  sickness  and  all  man- 
ler  of  disease  among  the  people."  When  the 
ipostles  subsequently  healed   diseases,  they 

clared  that  it  was  not  by  their  own  power 

but  by  the  name  (the  power)  of  Jesus. 

In  chapters  5th,  6th,  and  7th,  He  lays  down 

ecepta  and  rules  for  his  disciples  more  per- 

,-t  and  spiritual  than  those  of  the  old  Jewish 
aw,  and  places  their  obligation  on  his  own 
ommand — "  1  say  unto  you."  "  The  people 
were  astonished  at  his  doctrine,  for  He  taught 
hem  as  one  having  authority."  How  could 
iny  man,  however  dignified,  have  rightly  used 
ueh  language  as  the  22d  and  23d  verses  of 
he  7th  chapter — in  which  a  power  of  judg- 
ment is  assumed  as  to  those  who  should  not 
)bey  his  commands  or  do  the  will  of  the 
lather? 

In  chapter  8th,  he  heals  leprosy  and  fever 
>y  a  touch,  and  palsy  by  a  word — and  all  the 
ick  that  were  brought  unto  Him — and  stills 
he  tempest  by  his  command,  &c. 

In  chapter  9th,  He  forgives  sins,  which  is  a 
Divine  attribute,  and  proves  his  power  to  do 
io  by  raising  up  the  man  sick  of  the  pals}* 
vith  a  word.  He  brings  to  life  the  dead 
laughter  of  the  ruler,  heals  the  woman  who 
,ouched  the  border  of  his  garment,  opens  the 


eyes  of  the  blind  and  causes  the  dumb  to 
speak. 

In  chapter  lOtb,  He  gives  power  to  his  dis- 
ciples to  heal  all  manner  of  disease,  to  cleanse 
the  lepers,  and  to  raise  the  dead.  Those  who 
shall  confess  Him  before  men,  He  promises  to 
confess  before  his  Father  in  heaven,  &c. 

In  chapter  11th,  He  declares,  "  All  things 
are  delivered  unto  me  of  my  Father ;  and  no 
man  knoweth  the  Son  but  the  Father;  neither 
knoweth  any  man  the  Father,  save  the  Son, 
and  he  to  whomsoever  the  Son  will  reveal 
Him."  He  says  to  the  weary  and  heavy 
laden  who  come  unto  Him,  "  1  will  give  you 
rest." 

In  chapter  12th,  He  says,  "  The  Son  of  man 
is  Lord  even  of  the  Sabbath  day;"  He  heals 
the  man  with  a  withered  hand  by  a  word, 
and  proclaims  Himself  to  be  greater  than 
Jonas  or  Solomon. 

In  chapter  13th,  He  says  the  Son  of  man  is 
He  that  soweth  the  good  seed ;  and  that  in  the 
end  He  shall  send  forth  his  angels  to  gather  out 
of  his  kingdom  all  things  that  offend. 

In  chapter  14th,  after  feeding  the  multitude 
with  a  few  loaves  and  fishes,  He  walked  on 
the  water  to  his  disciples — so  that  they  wor- 
shipped Him,  saying  "  of  a  truth  thou  art  the 
Son  of  God" — and  all  who  touched  but  his 
garment  were  healed. 

In  chapter  16th,  when  Peter  testified,  "Thou 
art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  the  living  God," 
Jesus  answered.  "Blessed  art  thou  Simon 
Bar-Jona,  for  flesh  and  blood  hath  not  re- 
vealed it  unto  thee,  but  my  Father  which  is 
in  heaven" — and  further,  "upon  this  rock/ 
loill  build  my  church,"  and  "  I  will  give  unto 
thee  the  keys,"  &c.  And  He  declares  "  The 
Son  of  man  shall  come  in  the  glory  of  his 
Father  with  his  angels;  and  then  shall  He  re- 
ward every  man  according  to  his  works." 

In  chapter  17th,  on  the  mount,  the  voice 
out  of  the  cloud  testified,  "  This  is  my  beloved 
Son,  in  whom  I  am  well  pleased;  hear  ye 
Him." 

In  chapter  18th,  He  says:  "  Where  two  or 
three  are  gathered  together  in  my  name,  there 
am  I  in  the  midst  of  them." 

In  chapter  19th  He  promises  his  disciples 
who  have  followed  Him  in  the  regeneration, 
that  when  the  Son  of  man  shall  sit  in  the 
throne  of  his  glory,  they  also  shall  sit  upon 
thrones. 

In  chapter  20th  He  says,  He  came  to  give 
his  life  a  ransom  for  many ;  and  by  a  touch 
opened  the  eyes  of  two  blind  men. 

In  chapter  21st  He  healed  the  blind  and 
lame,  and  caused  the  barren  fig  tree  to  wither. 

In  chapter  23rd,  He  tells  his  disciples  and 
the  multitude,  that  "  one  is  your  Master,  even 
Christ," — and  they  were  all  brethren — thus 
placing  himself  above  man.  And  He  declares, 
"  1  send  unto  you  prophets,"  &c. 

In  chapter  24th,  He  foretells  that  the  tribes 
of  the  earth  "  shall  see  the  Son  of  man  coming 
in  the  clouds  of  heaven,  with  power  and  great 
glory,"  and  He  shall  send  his  angels  and 
gather  his  elect  from  the  four  winds,  &e. 

In  chapter  25th,  He  speaks  of  the  Son  of 
man  coming  in  his  glory  and  all  the  holy 
angels  with  Him,  and  as  a  King  judging  the 
nations,  assigning  some  to  the  heavenly  man- 
sions and  others  to  everlasting  punishment. 

In  chapter  26th,  He  says  his  blood  is  shed 
for  man}*  for  the  remission  of  sins.  And  when 
betrayed  He  declared  that  legions  of  angels 
were  at  his  disposal.  And  when  the  high 
priest  asked  whether  He  was  the  Christ,  the 


Son  of  God,  Jesus  acknowledged  Ho  was  and 
added,  "  Hereafter  shall  ye  see  the  Son  of  man 
sitting  on  the  right  hand  of  power,  and  com- 
ing in  the  clouds  of  heaven." 

In  chapter  27th  He  replied  affirmatively  to 
Pilate's  question — that  He  was  "  the  King  of 
the  Jews."  When  He  died  on  the  cross,  the 
veil  of  the  temple  was  rent  in  twain,  the  rocks 
were  rent  and  many  dead  arose. 

Chapter  2Sth  relates  his  rising  again  from 
the  dead.  He  then  told  his  disciples,  "All 
power  is  given  unto  me  in  heaven  and  in 
earth" — He  commanded  them  to  teach,  bap- 
tizing them  in  [into]  the  name  of  the  Father 
and  of  the  Son  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  and 
added,  "  Lo,  I  am  with  you  alway,  even  unto 
the  end  of  the  world." 

How  can  any  one  who  believes  in  the  truth 
of  the  records  of  Matthew,  regard  our  Saviour 
as  only  an  eminently  good  man  and  a  distin- 
guished prophet — differing  from  other  men 
only  in  degree?  Can  it  be  said  of  an  ordin- 
al1}* man,  that  he  was  conceived  by  Divine 
power;  that  he  not  only  can  heal  diseases  and 
perform  miracles  at  will,  but  can  give  power 
toothers  to  do  the  same  wonderful  works; 
that  he  can  baptize  with  the  Holy  Ghost  and 
commission  his  disciples  to  do  it  in  bis  name; 
that  he  can  proclaim  doctrines  to  be  observed 
on  his  own  authority;  that  a  voice  from 
heaven  should  proclaim  him  to  be  the  beloved 
Son  of  God  ;  that  he  can  promise  thrones  to 
his  disciples  in  his  kingdom  of  glory;  that  he 
has  power  to  forgive  sins;  that  ho  can  send 
prophets  unto  the  people;  that  hereafter  he 
will  be  seen  coming  in  the  clouds  of  heaven, 
and  sitting  on  the  right  hand  of  power;  that 
all  nations  shall  be  gathered  before  him  in 
judgment ;  and  that  his  blood  is  shed  for  the 
emission  of  sins  ? 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — On  the  5th  inst.  Senator  Sherman 
called  up  the  bill  recently  introduced  by  him,  to  sus- 
pend for  6ve  years  the  section  of  the  Revised  Statutes 
which  prohibits  the  taking  of  guano,  except  for  use  in 
the  Uniled  Slates,  from  guano  islands  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  United  States.  After  some  debate  the  bill 
was  passed.  A  bill  passed  the  Senate  on  the  Oth  inst., 
appropriating  $777,580  for  the  completion  of  the  Capi- 
tol terraces  and  the  stairways  connected  therewith. 

On  the  11th  instant,  a  joint  resolution  passed  both 
Houses  authorizing  ihe  Secretary  of  War  to  issue  rations 
for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in  the  district  over- 
flowed by  the  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries,  and  mak- 
ing an  appropriation  of  $300,000  to  relieve  the  sufferers 
by  such  overflow.  A  sub-committee  of  the  House  Com- 
mittee on  Coinage  has  reported  a  bill  for  the  withdrawal 
of  the  trade  dollars.  It  provides  that  until  1st  month 
1st,  1.886,  trade  dollars  shall  be  received  at  their  face 
value  in  payment  of  all  dues  to  the  United  States,  and 
shall  not  be  again  paid  out,  or  in  any  manner  reissued. 
The  matter  is  yet  to  be  acted  upon  by  the  full  com- 
mittee. 

Fil'tv  dealers  at  the  Stock  Yards  in  Chicago,  who  last 
year  handled  $200,000,000  worth  of  cattle,  have  sent  to 
Washington  a  protest  against  the  bill  to  establish  a 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  They  deny  the  existence 
of  pleuro-pneumonia  west  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains, 
and  express  the  belief  that  the  passage  of  the  measure 
could  have  only  the  effect  of  making  places  for  an  army 
of  office-holders. 

A  delegation  of  Apaches,  Chiricaliua  and  Mescalero 
Indians,  from  the  San  Carlos  reservation,  called  on  the 
11th  instant  upon  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 
They  said  they  were  pleased  with  what  they  saw  at  the 
Carlisle  and  Hampton  Indian  Schools,  and  that  they 
intended  to  go  home  and  devote  themselves  to  farming. 

A  local  option  bill  was  on  the  7th  instant  defeated  in 
the  Mississippi  House  of  Representatives. 

Arnold  Henry  Guyot,  Professor  of  Geology  and 
Phvsical  Geography  and  Senior  Professor  of  Princeton 
College,  died  2nd  mo.  Sth,  at  the  age  of  76  years.  He 
was  a  native  of  Switzerland,  and  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1848.     He  resided  for  several  years  in  Cam- 


224 


THE    FRIEND. 


bridge,  Massachusetts,  devoting  himself  to  the  study  of 
physical  science  and  delivering  lectures  upon  his 
favorite  subjects.  He  determined  the  heights  of  Mount 
Washington,  the  Black  Mountains  of  North  Carolina, 
and  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont,  and  published 
several  geographical  works.  He  held  the  Princeton 
Chair  of  Geology  for  nearly  30  years. 

Cheong  Woo  Tsang,  a  Chinaman  23  years  of  ager  ap- 
plied for  naturalization  at  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the 
District  Court,  in  Washington,  Seventh-day  last.  He 
said  he  came  to  this  country  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  had 
lived  here  continuously,  excepting  a  short  visit  to 
China,  was  a  Christian,  and  desired  to  remain  in  the 
United  States.  His  application  was  refused  under  a 
section  of  the  act  of  5th  mo.  Gth,  1SS2,  which  provides 
that  "hereafter  no  State  court  or  court  of  the  United 
States  shall  admit  Chinese  to  citizenship." 

Captain  W.  L.  Marshall,  of  the  United  States  Engi- 
neers, in  charge  of  river  improvement  work  at  Lake 
Providence,  La.,  for  the  Mississippi  River  Commission, 
finds  evidence  that  the  whole  bottom  of  the  Mississippi 
river  is  moving  forward  like  a  glacier. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  45,000  women,  girls  and 
children  employed  in  the  city  of  Chicago  as  clerks  or  in 
manual  labor. 

The  steamer  State  of  Nebraska,  from  Glasgow,  ar- 
rived at  New  York  on  the  10th  inst.,  having  on  board' 
the  crew  of  the  steamer  Nottinghill,  from  London  for] 
New  York,  which  foundered  at  sea.  According  to  her, 
captain's  report,  the  Nottinghill  fell  in  with  a  field  of, 
ice,  on  the  2d  inst.,  and  near  midnight  was  struck  twice 
by  an  iceberg  on  the  port  side.  Two  large  holes  were 
knocked  in  her  and  the  water  poured  in  rapidly,  put-j 
ting  out  the  fires.  Canvas  was  put  over  the  holes,  and 
the  vessel  allowed  to  drift  in  order  to  keep  the  canvas 
in  place.  All  the  after  cargo  was  jettisoned  and  she 
got  out  of  the  ice  on  the  3d  inst.  On  the  5th  the  State1 
of  Nebraska  was  fallen  in  with  and  laid  by  the  sinking] 
vessel  until  the  crew  put  off  in  their  boats.  The  vessel,! 
when  abandoned,  had  IS  feet  of  water  in  her  hold.  The1 
Nottinghill  was  four  years  old,  2016  tons  burthen,  andj 
was  owned  by  the  Twin  Screw  Steamship  Company. 

The  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries  have  been  Hooded! 
to  an  extent  that  exceeds  the  records  of  many  years. 
On  the  7th  inst.  the  Muskingum,  Tuscarawas  and  Wal-j 
bonding  rivers  were  higher  than  for  25  years.  At 
XJittsburg  and  Allegheny  City,  the  flood  has  rendered] 
nearly  ten  thousand  people  homeless,  while  fully  fifteen 
thousand  more  are  unable  to  get  to  and  from  their! 
homes  without  the  aid  of  skiffs.  The  suffering  among 
the  unfortunates  has  been  terrible,  and  many  were  un- 
able to  get  from  their  houses  for  many  hours  on  account 
of  the  water,  and  during  that  time  were  without  fire  or 
food.  Everything  possible  has  been  done  to  alleviate 
their  suffering,  and  the  police  were  ordered  to  investi- 
gate and  report  all  cases  of  distress.  Hundreds  of 
women  and  children  were  housed  and  fed  in  Municipal 
Hall,  Turner  Hall,  Salsbnry  Hall,  and  the  Allegheny 
Post-office.  The  Ohio  River  Railroad  is  believed  to  be 
entirely  ruined.  Section  after  section  of  trestle-work, 
bridges  and  cars  have  been  washed  away. 

On  the  10th  the  water  had  subsided  revealing  the 
ravages  of  the  flood.  Huge  rocks,  trees,  driftwood  and 
small  shanties  cover  parts  of  many  streets,  and  hundreds 
of  bouses  and  barns  are  gathered  at  points  where  the 
surface  of  the  water  was  obstructed  by  trees.  Fifty 
houses  are  jammed  upon  and  against  each  other  at  the 
south  end  of  the  city. 

All  the  blankets  that  could  be  procured  have  been 
distributed  among  the  homeless  sufferers.  There  is  a 
great  scarcity  of  bed  clothes.  The  country  people  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  are  doing  their  utmost  to  supply 
the  needy  with  provisions.  V\  agnns  loaded  with  pro- 
visions arrived  at  Wheeling  and  at  Benwood,  Bellaire, 
Bridgeport  and  Martin's  Ferry,  from  points  as  far  back 
as  twenty  miles.  There  are  probably  20,000  persons  to 
be  fed  and  clothed  from  Wellsburg  to  Moundsville. 

At  Portsmouth,  on  the  same  day,  all  the  houses  of 
worship  were  under  water,  and  all  the  engine  houses  and 
school  houses  available  are  filled  with  drowned-oul 
people.  So  far,  the  most  that  could  be  done  has  been 
to  keep  the  people  supplied  with  food.  Rations  were 
being  issued  daily,  and  families  supplied  by  the  pro- 
visions taken  in  skills  to  their  second-story  windows. 

On  the  1 1  ill  the  Ohio  river  at  Cincinnati  passed  the 
highenl  point  of  the  great  flood  of  last  year,  anil  it  was 
still  rising.  The  gas  was  cut  oil' the  previous  day.  and 
the  water  supply  ceased  to  accumulate.  In  Newport  il 
is  estimated  that  from  5000  to  0000  persons  are  home- 

Tlie  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  o'.i7, 
■which  was  00  less  than  Juiing  the  previous  week,  a 
tHi  more  than  during  th«<*>rrosponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  total  number  1.S9  vu-.v  males,  and  21  IS  tV-nir, 


50  died  of  consumption;  46  of  pneumonia;  21  of  old 
age ;  18  of  bronchitis  ;  18  of  scarlet  fever ;  12  of  typhoid 
fever;  12  of  marasmus  ;  13  of  croup,  and  9  of  diphtheria. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4J's,  registered,  113A;  coupon, 
1141 ;  4's,  126  ;  3's,  101$;  currency  6's,  129  a  137. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
10J  a  11J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  9|  a  9J  cts.  for  export, 
and  lOf  a  10J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  remain  about  the 
same  as  last  quoted.  Sales  of  1S50  barrels,  including 
Minnesota  extras,  at  $5  a  §6  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at 
$4.50  a  $4.75;  western  ditto,  at  $5  a  §5  90,  and  patents 
at  16  a  $6.75.     Rye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher.  About  9000 
bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.13  a 
$1.13};  No.  2  at  $1.07  a  $1.13  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  99  cts.  per  bushel, 
and  25,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.07  a  $1.07.1  2d  mo., ! 
$1.08J  a  $1.08J  3rd  mo.,  $1.10}  a  |1.10J  4th  mo.,  and  | 
$1.12}  a  $1,125  5th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  firm: 
10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  58  a  59  cts.  per  bushel,  the  | 
latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  54  a  57  cts.  for  rejected 
and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  59  a  00  cts.  2nd  mo.,  J 
591  a  00  cts.  3rd  mo.,  60f  a  61  i  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  62}  a 
62|  cts.  5th  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  firmly  held. 
About  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  40  a  44  cts.  per 
bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  42J  a  I 
43J  cts.  2nd  mo.,  42£  a  43  cts.  3rd  mo.,  43  a  44  cts.  ] 
4th  mo.,  and  44  a  44}  cts.  5th  mo.  Rye  was  unchanged. 
Small  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  2d 
mo.  9th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  184;  loads  of  straw,  31. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  demand  and  prices  were  firmer: 
2000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5 
a  7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  higher  :  7000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  4  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3}  a  7|  cts.  per  pound, 
as  to  quality. 

Hogs  were  higher:  4300  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  9  a  10  cts. ;  a  few  choice  sold  at  lOg 
cts.  per  pound. 

Foreign. — Parliament  was  opened  on  the  5th  inst. 
by  royal  commission.  The  crowd  in  the  streets  during 
the  opening  ceremonies  was  smaller  than  usual.  Twenty- 
six  Peers  were  present  in  the  House  of  Lords.  The 
House  of  Commons  were  summoned  to  the  bar  of  the 
House  of  Lords,  and  about  forty  trooped  in.  The  gal- 
leries were  crowded  during  the  delivery  of  the  Queen's 
speech.  Charles  Bradlangh  was  prevented  taking  the 
oath  of  office,  and  excluded  from  the  precincts  of  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  11th  inst. 

The  death  of  Thomas  Chenery  is  announced,  aged  58 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  English  revisers  of  the  au- 
thorized version  of  the  Old  Ttsliment,  and  was  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  London  Times. 

The  Khedive  of  Egypt  received  a  telegram  from 
Baker  Pasha  on  the  5th  instant,  reporting  his  defeat 
near  Tokar.  His  losses  were  2250  men,  four  Krupp 
cannons,  two  Galling  guns  and  all  his  camels  and  bag- 
gage in  the  fight.  Most  the  Egyptian  officers  and  men 
bolted.  Baker,  with  the  remnant  of  his  force,  succeeded 
in  reaching  Trinkitat,  where  the  gunboat  Ranger  is 
lying.  The  Khedive  appears  to  be  in  a  deplorable  con- 
dition. He  labors  under  a  delusion  that  there  is  a  plot 
on  foot  to  poison  him,  and  he  sends  his  wife  to  the 
kitchen  daily  to  inspect  his  food. 

Baker  Pasha  has  telegraphed  to  Sir  Evelyn  Baring, 
British  Minister  at  Cairo,  that  the  force  by  which  he 
was  defeated  was  less  than  a  thousand  strong,  but  the 
Egyptians  threw  away  their  arms  and  fled. 

The  enemy  have  surrounded  and  destroyed  Tewlik 
Bey  and  four  hundred  followers,  between  Sinkat  and 
the  coast.  This  disaster  was  not  unexpected.  For  many 
weeks  Tewlik  Bey  has  been  maintaining  an  obstinate 
resistance  in  Sinkat,  closely  beset  on  all  sides  with  ene- 
mies, in  the  hope  that  forces  would  be  sent  to  his  relief. 
Word  from  him  reached  Suakim,  announcing  that  if 
relief  did  not  arrive  by  the  2d  instant,  he  should  make 
a  desperate  effort  to  cut  his  way  through  the  enemy  to 
the  coast,  as  his  condition  forbade  the  further  attempt 
to  hold  the  town.     This  effort  has  proved  futile. 

A  letter  from  General  Gordon  has  been  made  public, 
in  which  he  says :  "It  i<  n.,  secret  that  England  has 
abandoned  all  intention  of  guaranteeing  the  continuance 
of  Egyptian  (supremacy  over  the  Soudan.  It  has  de- 
cided that  the  task  is  altogether  to leroua,  and  wotdd 

be  attended  with  no  corresponding  advantages,  It  will, 
therefore,  allow  the  people  now  in  rebellion  to  revert 
lo  their  old  Sultans. 


General  Gordon  accepts  this  decision  as  wise  and  just. 
"For,"  he  says,  "unless  England  shall  secure  the  Sou- 
dan in  the  possession  of  a  good  Government,  it  ought 
not  to  conquer  the  country  itself  nor  allow  others  to  do 
so."  General  Gordon's  mission,  therefore,  is  to  try  and 
arrange  with  the  people  in  a  quiet  way  regarding  their 
future  allairs. 

Sir  Samuel  Baker  has  arrived  at  Cairo.  It  is  bis 
opinion  that  General  Gordon  will  reach  Khartoum  in 
safety,  but  that  he  will  be  powerless  when  he  gets  there. 

The  celebrated  German  explorer  of  Africa,  Dr.  Behm, 
who  is  now  Director  of  the  Geographical  Institute  at 
Gotha,  says,  in  speaking  of  the  advices  received  from 
Khartoum,  that  El  Mahdi  himself  will  take  no  part  in 
the  siege  of  Khartoum.  He  leaves  this  to  the  tribes 
on  the  Blue  Nile,  who  are  now  in  full  revolt.  He  him- 
self is  preparing  to  march  with  his  main  forces  direct 
from  Kardofan  to  Dongola.  From  there  be  will  pass 
down  the  Nile  Valley  into  Lower  Egypt.  He  is  count- 
ing on  the  revolt  of  the  fellaheen  throughout  Egypt 
and  on  a  general  uprising  of  the  Mohammedans  all 
over.the  north  of  Africa. 

The  French  Academy  of  Medicine,  in  reply  to  the 
questions  propounded  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce 
relative  to  the  importation  of  pork,  says:  First,  that 
the  symptoms  of  typhoid  trichinosis  are  so  dissimilar 
from  all  others  that  they  cannot  be  mistaken,  and, 
second,  that  the  importation  of  foreign  salt  pork  may 
be  fearlessly  authorized  by  the  French  Government,  as 
it  has  already  been  proved  that  no  danger  to  the  public 
health  has  been  caused  by  such  importation. 

The  French  Government  have  received  advices  to 
the  effect  that  de  Brazza  is  making  excellent  progress 
in  bis  African  schemes. 

Whilea  wedding  party  was  crossing  the  River  Theiss, 
near  Domrad,  Austria,  recently,  the  ice  broke,  andl 
thirty-five  members  of  the  party  were  drowned. 

A  revolt  has  broken  out  in  Crete  in  consequence 
of  the  Turkish  attack  on  the  privileges  of  the  Greek 
Patriarchs.  The  leading  Cretans  declare  that  they 
cannot  obtain  redress,  and  that  they  have  therefore 
taken  to  arms.  The  Porte  has  sent  orders  to  the  authori- 
ties at  Smyrna  and  Salonica  to  despatch  to  Crete  all 
available  soldiers  to  the  number  of  at  least  5000. 

It  is  announced  from  Sicily  that  Mount  Etna  is  in  a. 
state  of  eruption.  Strong  earthquake  shocks  were  felt 
before  this  began. 

New  eruptions  are  reported  from  the  craters  of  VaU< 
najokul,  a  large  and  mostly  unknown  territory  in  Ice- 
land, from  which  similar  reports  were  heard  a  year  ago. 
The  recent  eruptions  were  accompanied  by  earthquakes 
and  the  falling  of  ashes. 

On  2d  month  10th,  there  were  74  cases  of  yellow  fever 
in  Rio  Janeiro.     The  weather  very  hot. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 

AT  TUNESSASSA. 

Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged   man  to  assist  in 

working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  when 

out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 

this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Epraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St.,  " 

John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 

HISTORY  AND  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  OF 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
There  being  some  prospect  of  issuing  a  new  edition 
of  the  above  work,  it  is  requested  that  any  person  know- 
ing of  errors  existing  in  former  editions,  will  please 
communicate  them  to  Watson  W.  Dewees,  Westtown, 
Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

Second  mo.  7th,  1SS4. 


"  Friends'  Calendar"  for  1884. 
The  edition  of  the  Calendar  having  been  em 
hausted,  it   will   be  impossible 
orders. 


nply 


furlh 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty -third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent— John  ( I.  Hale,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be  I 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of} 
Managers. 


Died,  at  the  residence  of  her  son,  Franklin  Bell„.in| 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,    on    the    12th  of  First    month,  - 
Rebecca  A.  Bell,  widow  of  Isaiah   Bell,  in  thcke 
year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Woodbu.-ioifsmthly  . 
ing  of  Friends,  N.  J.  ,r  ,,., 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SECOND  MONTH  23,  1884. 


NO.    29. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

ascriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREE',  .  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  21S.) 

About  the  year  1784.  "Childhood  and 
outh  are  vanity  ;  yea,  man  more  matured 
eems  prone  to  vanity.  Says  the  Psalmist: 
Man  in  his  best  state  is  vanity.' 
"About  this  time  I  took  mj*  departure — 
dding  adieu  to  every  serious  consideration, 
ith  a  determination  to  gratify  the  vain  in- 
itiation to  its  full  extent;  and  few,  perhaps, 
ith  such  privileges  have  made  greater  strides, 
■  gone  more  precipitately  into  excessive 
anity,  and  in  many  respects  wickedness, 
unning  awfully  against  the  power  of  eonvic- 
ion,  and  being  often  brought  distivssingly 
nder  it,  by  night  and  by  day.  Often,  indeed, 
id  I  hear  something  like  the  language  of 
Adam,  where  art  thou?'  and  strove  to  con- 
eal  my  condition  from  the  all-pervading  eye 
f  Omnipotence;  but  all  my  efforts  and  con- 
rivance  were  but  as  a  fig-leaf  covering,  and 
as  frequently  ashamed.  The  Lord  sought 
ie  when  I  looked  not  for  Him,  and  visited 
rhen  afar  off.  My  life  was  divers  times  brought 
a  jeopardy,  and  my  sins  set  in  order  before 
le,  when  no  mortal  knew  it,  and  from  the 
een  compunctions  of  a  guilty  conscience  all 
lat  was  alive  within  me  was  made  to  tremble. 
There  is  no  peace,' saith  my  God,  'to  the 
icked.'  O,  memorable  circumstance  !  Be  it 
ecorded  as  a  standing  monument  of  the  long- 
uffering  and  forbearance  of  my  God  towards 
e  while  yet  an  alien  and  a  vagabond  in  the 
rth.  Thus  were  the  counsels  of  the  heart 
ude  manifest,  and  hidden  things  of  darkness 
ought  to  light ;  but  obedience  was  yet  want- 
ig — the  soul  remaining  in  the  bondage  of 
orrnption. 

"  One  circumstance  has  been  memorable, 
nd  considered  in  the  course  of  providential 
vents  from  the  time  of  its  occurrence.  Being 
nvited,  one  evening,  to  go  with  some  of  my 
ssociates  to  help  a  man  husk  out  his  corn, 
xpecting,  as  was  customary,  the  scene  would 
lose  with  a  treat  or  entertainment,  wherein 
he  company  feasted  and  drank,  and  made 
hemselves  merry ;  and  frequently  wound  up 
nth  fiddling,  dancing,  &c.  But  coming  to 
he  place  about  candle  light — a  house  in  a  re- 
lote  and  obscure  part  of  the  town,  where  we 
sund  an  assemblage  of  the  very  offscouring 
d  filth  of  this  part  of  the  land,  of  almost 
ery  age,  sex  and  growth.     They  had  done 


their  husking,  made  their  supper,  and  even 
then  making  themselves  merry  in  the  midst 
of  their  licentious  and  dissipated  glee — and  an 
awful  spectacle  it  was  to  me — I  stood  a  silent 
spectator  of  their  revelling  and  wickedness, 
took  no  part  with  them,  but  with  astonish- 
ment beheld  their  debased ness  and  debauch- 
ery, until  my  soul  was  seized  with  horror  and 
wrapped  up  in  amazement,  and  stung  with 
conviction  while  beholding  the  doleful  spec- 
tacle. 

"  While  looking  at  them  thus  rapidly 
verging  on  towards  destruction,  a  language 
seemed  very  emphatically  to  utter  itself  in 
the  ear  of  my  soul  to  this  effect :  '  Wilt  thou 
go  down  into  bell  with  such  a  horrible  com- 
pany as  this?'  It  made  a  solemn  impression 
on  my  mind,  and  for  that  time  sufficed  with- 
out taking  any  part  with  them.  I  felt  as 
Col.  Gardner  did  when  he  expressed  on  a  cer- 
tain occasion,  under  keen  convictions,  that  he 
'wished  himself  a  dog,'  rather  than  what  he 
felt  himself  to  be,  and  though  many  were 
with  rue,  none  knew  the  secret  condition  of 
my  mind.  But  alas,  continuing  to  associato 
with  lewd  and  licentious  company,  those  im- 
pressions, thus  awfully  and  singularly  made, 
passed  off  as  a  morning  cloud,  or  as  the  dew 
before  the  sun.  'Thej-  who  pursue  lying 
vanities  forsake  their  own  mercies.' 

"Thus  it  fared  with  me  several  years,  de- 
termined upon  the  full  gratifications  of  a  vain 
and  deluded  mind,  yet  often  met  with  in  nar- 
row places.  By  the  voice  of  conviction  within, 
and  care  of  some  concerned  friend  for  my 
good,  I  have  many  times  been  brought  to  a 
stand  and  made  to  pause  for  a  moment  in  my- 
self; but  hard  indeed  it  is  to  prevail  with  a 
mind  in  such  a  career. 

"A  few  times,  and  a  few  times  only,  was  I 
prevailed  with  by  my  associates,  who  were  of 
Congregational  descent,  but  in  principle  noth- 
ing, to  go  with  them  to  the  Presbyterian 
meeting.  I  went  not  at  all  to  hear  or  to  make 
proof  of  right  or  wrong,  for  I  took  so  little 
notice  of  the  priest's  service  that  if  I  had  been 
interrogated  on  the  subject  of  his  discourse,  I 
could  scarcely  remember  a  word  of  it  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  after  the  meeting  was  out,  my  ob- 
ject was  merely  to  be  with  my  associates. 
Some  of  my  connexions  were  uneasy  about  it, 
and  with  intent  to  prevent  my  going  there 
suggested  the  probability  of  my  being  taxed 
for  priests'  wages.  I  earl}*  saw  the  emptiness 
as  well  as  inconsistency  of  a  hireling  ministry 
in  the  gospel,  and  of  a  mere  form  of  religion 
under  any  name.  Very  early  was  I  persuaded 
to  believe  the  Holy  Ghost  was  not  to  be  pur- 
chased with  money,  nor  the  mere  name  of 
religion  avail  any  good  thing  in  the  sight  of 
Him  who  is  Spirit  and  life.  In  those  days  of 
laxity  and  licentiousness,  while  wandering 
far  from  under  the  government  of  the  Heaven- 
ly and  spiritual  Lawgiver,  I  thought  if  ever  I 
assumed  the  character  of  a  religious  man,  no 
half  way  work  would  do  for  me.  Enough 
mixture  was  manifest  among  the  empty  pro- 


fessors of  that  day  of  every  denomination,  and 
I  was  aware  that  he  is  not  a  Jew  who  is  one 
outwardly  in  the  letter,  but  the  true  spiritual 
Jew  is  one  inwardly,  whose  worship  is  in 
spirit  and  in  truth  ;  but  O,  the  death  to  die  in 
order  to  become  a  spiritual  worshipper! 

"  In  1785,  at  twenty -one  years  of  age,  and 
when  disengaged  from  my  apprenticeship  with 
my  uncle,  which  had  been  anxiousl}'  antici- 
pated, I  left  all  my  relatives  and  went  to  work 
with  Enoch  Madge.  This  was  trying  to  them, 
especially  to  my  dear  mother ;  he,  however, 
was  a  religious  man,  by  profession  a  Congre- 
gationalist  or  Presbyterian  (since  a  Metho- 
dist), and  was  by  his  sober  and  circumspect 
deportment.no  disadvantage  to  me;  for  re- 
ligious people,  if  I  thought  them  truly  so,  of 
whatever  profession,  generally  had  a  check 
upon  my  spirits  when  I  fell  in  their  way  ;  and 
I  was  often  embarrassed  by  them  in  my  career 
when  no  one  knew  it  but  myself,  notwith- 
standing the  determinate  efforts  of  my  mind 
to  the  contrary — such  is  the  force  of  good 
and  pious  example.  In  this  situation  the 
Lord  strove  with  me,  and  spake  to  mj'  con- 
dition as  never  man  spake  ;  and  He  is  truly  a 
teacher  that  cannot  be  removed  into  a  corner. 

"My  residence  in  this  family  continued 
about  seven  or  eight  weeks,  then  I  went  to 
board  with  my  mother  and  sister;  but  cir- 
cumstances rendering  it  necessary  to  move, 
in  a  short  time  I  left  them  and  went  to  board 
with  Daniel  Newhall,  a  valuable  Friend,  and 
an  elder  in  our  Society,  one  who  in  the  sub- 
sequent part  of  my  time  while  ho  lived,  proved 
a  father  indeed  to  me.  This  move  was  a  little 
singular  and  strange  to  myself  and  many 
others  who  knew  me'and  the  turn  of  my  mind. 
Many  remarks  were  made  upon  it  by  my  ac- 
quaintance: some  of  them  observed,  'Now 
you  are  going  to  live  among  the  Quakers,  and 
we  sbalf  soon  see  you  a  strict  Quaker,'  &c. 
But  I  was  not  at  all  disposed  for  that.  The 
move,  however,  was  a  favorable  one  for  me, 
and  would  seem  like  one  in  the  ordering  of 
Providence  concerning  me,  and  was  very 
satisfactory  to  my  dear  mother,  who  ardently 
sought  my  welfare  in  the  best  sense.  The 
Friends  in  the  family,  by  their  kind  and  judi- 
cious treatment  and  tender  conduct  towards 
me,  in  that  rude  and  uncultivated  state  in 
which  the}7  received  me,  soon  gained  my  affec- 
tions and  my  confidence.  The  door  of  Chris- 
tian freedom  that  was  steadily  kept  open,  and 
the  fostering  hand  of  fatherly  care  that  was 
frequently  extended  towards  me  by  this  wor- 
thy elder,  had  a  very  engaging  tendency  and 
settled  my  mind  more  and  more  in  favor  of 
the  Society  of  Friends.  The  effect  it  seemed 
to  have  upon  me  was,  in  the  first  place,  to 
draw  my  mind  into  a  taste  for  different  and 
better  company  than  I  had  been  accustomed 
to.  And  this  was  preparatory  to  religious 
sensibility.  There  is  reason  to  believe  this 
step  was  very  opportune,  and  under  the  au- 
spicious direction  of  Him,  without  whose 
notice  not  a  sparrow  falleth  to  the  ground ; 


THE    FRIEND. 


who  graciously  deigned  to  direct  my  steps  at  and  tenderness  as  I  never  felt  before — I  wept 


a  time  when  1  scarcely  took  thought  for  my 
self,  and  here  I  found  a  comfortable  home 
most  part  of  several  years  afterwards. 

"  The  latter  part  of  the  year  1786,  my  dear 
mother  was  taken  sick,  and  lingered  long 
under  a  consumptive  complaint,  at  which 
time  I  had  my  frivolous  and  flighty  turns,  to 
which  I  was  naturally  very  prone  ;  not  yet 
determined  to  settle  in  religious  life,  however 
desirable;  though  much  more  thoughtful  about 
my  moral  rectitude,  and  more  inclined  to  as- 
sociate with   proper  company  ;    for  I   had  a 


much  ;  I  longed  to  yield  to  the  impressions 
received,  but  flagged  and  could  not  resolve 
upon  it.  The  cross  was  too  great,  and  the 
visitation,  like  many  others,  soon  passed 
away ;  but  the  voice  of  conviction  still  fol- 
lowed as  in  its  primitive  language,  'Adam, 
where  art  thou?'  " 

(To  be  continued.) 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  annexed  letter  though  written  many 
years  ago,  it  is  believed,  has  never  appeared 

pretty  steady  eye   towards   uprightness  andl^.P™*-  .  T'le  author  seem?  ^  have  enter- 

■  ' tamed  a  righteous  concern,  that  the  minor  as 
well  as  major  testimonies  given  to  our  religious 


punctuality  in  my  dealings  between  man  and 
man,  having  a  sense  of  honor  from  my  child- 
hood. 

"In  5th  month  of  1787,  with  the  design  to 
settle  myself  in  some  more  reputable  business 
for  a  support,  and  to  gain  further  knowledge 
of  men  and  things,  with  the  advice  of  my  sick 
mother  and  some  other  friends,  I   took  the 


Society  to  uphold  and  exemplify,  might  be 
preserved  intact:  — 

"The  following  letter  was  originally  ad- 
dressed to  afemale  Friend,  requesting  it  might 
be  circulated  among  the  members  of  the  meet- 
ing at ,  since  which  the  writer  has  been 


sight  of  God  of  great  price.'*  Ai*e  there  nc 
amongst  your  feilow  professors,  advanced  i 
years  and  in  religious  experience,  those  wh 
are  travailing  for  you  in  birth,  as  did  th 
apostle  for  '  his  little  children,'  until  Christ  b 
formed  in  you?  And  whilst  thus  engaged  t 
covet  your  growth  in  vital  religion,  they  rj 
joice  in  being  permitted  to  behold  a  submit 
sion  to  the  forming  hand  for  usefulness  in  th 
Church,  preparing  to  unite  in  a  fervent  exei 
cise  of  soul  when  met  for  this  solemn  purpos 
of  worship  ;  yet  they  cannot  but  be  appreher 
sive  that  these  'gratifications  of  the  earns 
mind,'")"  retard  your  advancement  in  the  pat 
of  self-denial,  and  hinder  you  from  comings 
fully  under  the  Divine  culture,  as  that  th 
fruit  designed  and  looked  for  by  the  goo 
husbandman,  is  not  brought  to  perfectior 
May  we  not  thankfully  believe,  that  there  ar 
amongst  you  those  who  are  'set  up  [as]  she] 
herdsj  over  our  own  little  flock  and  fold  c 
religious  professors?  and  do  you  not  esteer 
these  for  their  works'  sake !  so  that  a  desir 
is  at  times  raised  to  walk  in  their  footsteps 
from  which,  indeed,  it  may  be  asked,  wh 
should  ye  turn  aside?§  for  how  came  they  t 


consignment  of  some  property  sufficient  to  encouraged  to  put  it  into  more  general  eircu- 
bear  my  expenses,  took  passage  with  Captain  lation  among  Friends,  and  hereby  he  affection- 
William  Dagget  in  a  sloop  out  of  Boston,  and.ately  solicits  their  serious  perusal  of  it. 

after  a  passage  of  ten  days  arrived  at  the  city       n         1?  •      ,        a     .        ti    ,       .,,  /, 

„!-,.  .,  '  ,    ,    ,".  ,  /  i  •     n  •      J,\      Dear    friends. — Seeing  that    with    some  ot   ,        .».■-•  teuo   i 

of  IMn  ade  phia,  where  I  was  kindly  received        ,.,  ,,,'     ,     ,  •"         .,  ,  .,      ..         be  ot  this  flock  and  fold  >  by  birthright  only 

.,.'     ,         r,   ...  J     ,.  us  '  the  world  has  lost  its  youth,  and  the  time1  ■,      ,    ,,     . .  „.  •      ,      n\    ■  .    i /u 

by  my  uncle  Men  hen  (  o    ins,  a  man  of  no  re-',       •       .  ,  ,  ,  ,.    '  • '        .     ,  |Uay,  verily,  came  they  not  in  by  Christ,  '  th 

,y.    *      .  .    '    .     .      ,.        '      „  .      ,,     |  begins  to  wax  old.    we  feel  anxious  to  be  pre-   .,  ■"  ,,       ■, '   ,•  ,  ,,       J    .  »    .   .1 

igious   character,  but   o     some  figure   m   the       °     ,   •     ,,  '     ..  ,•    ■  ,    t      '      ,   door?    and  did   they  not  ftnd   there   was  nc 

°   ,,  ,  ,'  ,,-  ?  i  •     ,  served  in  the  way  ot  our  religious  duty,  and1  ,     .  •;  •.,    .,     c    .. 

world:    and   made   my    odgings  at    his  house  ,    ,■  .,     .    ,,      -j        ,  ,.  to          ,.      •"  room  enough   to   enter  with   the    ashions  an 

,      .     '  ,      J       .%.   °  .    .believe  that  the   humbling  sense  ot  our  own  I  a    ■*•        e  i  i  •     ,i     •  i 

hirinir     m  \r   ^i  n  \-    i  here  A     lei'    '.      1  -i  ri-i  ..  1 .  <■,  >    i  1 .  .  "  si  I  I  u  ■  r      I  ]  .     1 .   -  ,  .      •  i    \'  -i  o  ]    \v.  i  r  t      i  n    1    . 1  >i  r  ■)  l  11  .■.  n> 


during  my  stay  there.     After  a  tarriance  in 


superfluities  of  a  vain  world  in  their  apparel 


..i     i     ■*        f    i        i.  civ  i  t  ii      imanv    siiori-coinings,    ougm     uoi       o    operate  .,  .  .      ..   ,.       .,     ,     ■  ',   ., 

that  city  ot  about  fifteen  davs,  I  returned  by       .     f,      .  i-  .       u  n    ,  lyes  ;  the  gate  was  too  strait  tor  that,  and  th 

.,  J  ,         .  ,,         J   '  .    .         .■'wholly  to   our   discouragement,  when  caledr  .       "  .     ..  ' 

the  same  vessel    and    the   same  captain,  who  i     .    ..  ,,  °      •     ,  ,  ,.         way  too   narrow,  so  a  testimony  was  give 

.    .  ,.     ,    .       .    .      .     ,.  '       ,. '  i  upon  to  'stir  up  the  pure  mind  by  way  ot  re-'    ,    J      .      ,  ■      .         .     .,■  J  ,^, 

being  subieet   to    intoxication,   was  often  as     '       .  ,  ■    '   .,      '      mu-  J        -J      ,       jthem  to  bear  against  such  things,  and  it  n 

.      .    "  ■>  .  ' rnein  lira  nee.    in   others.  os    ncrsiiasioii    luis  .  .  P  &   '      


being  subject  to  intoxication,  was  often  as 
boisterous  as  the  element  he  sailed  on  in  time 
of  storm.  We.  arrived  home  safely  iu  about 
ten  days  —  having  been  absent  about  five 
weeks.  My  dear  lingering  mother  remained 
about  as  I  left  her.  This  little  tour  contributed 
to  the  improvement  and  expansion  of  my 
mind,  confirming  my  views,  and  strengthen- 
ing that  taste  already  excited  for  different 
and  better  company  than  I  had  heretofore 
kept,  enlarging  the  understanding,  in  one 
sense,  of  the  propriety  and  excellency  of  good 
breeding  and  civility  of  manners. 

"About  a  month  or  six  weeks  after  my  re- 
turn from  Philadelphia,  my  dear  mother  and 
best  earthly  friend,  having  gradually  decayed 
for  about  eight  months,  died.  She  was  of  an 
uncommonly  pleasant  temper  of  mind,  so  that 
by  the  goodness  of  her  disposition  she  gained 
the  esteem  of  all  who  were  acquainted  with 
her.  Notwithstanding  my  own  conduct  was  so 
much  the  reverse  to  her  best  wishes  and  ten- 
der desires  for  me,  so  as  divers  times  even  to 
deprive  her  of  sleep  almost  whole  nights  to- 
gether, I  have  no  recollection  to  have  entered 
the  room  for  many  months  and  even  years 
preceding  her  departure,  but  what  a  smile  of 
pleasantness  sat  on  her  countenance.  Towards 
the  closing  period,  however,  she  derived  some 
satisfaction  that  settled  her  peace  concerning 
me,  even  before  my  mind  took  any  religious 
turn,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  she  de- 
parted in  peace  and  in  favor  with  her  God 
and  my  God. 

"  In  the  summer  of  1788,  I  think  it  was, 
while  sitting  in  our  meeting,  and  the  people 
nearly  all  gathered,  our  worthy  ancient  friend 
Comfort  Collins,  came  in,  having  travelled 
from  Seabrook  on  horseback  behind  her  hus- 
band the  day  before  to  sit  with  us,  she  being 
about  eighty  years  old.  Sitting  awhile  in 
silence,  by  the  assistance  of  the  gallery-rail 
before  her  she  raised  herself  on  her  feet,  and 
spoke  with  such  authority  and  so  pathetically 
that  it  wrought  on  my  mind  with  such  force 


md  to  unfold,  as  I   may   be   enabled,  some-i 

'j  .     .   |  our  own  day,  so  late  as  at  the  last  \  earl  I 

ve|Meeting,    told    us    "that    these   testimonial 


}  way  •■"*«- jtireni  to  bear  against  such  things,  and  it  r< 
i  us  persuasion   uas ;       ;  uinued  to  us  as  a  S oci ety.     Alludin 

rnboldened  me  thus  to  address  myself  to  you,  L     ...         ,  •     ,  ,  ■',  ^  ■      , 

J.  -    .       ■>      '  |  to  this  subieet,   a   much   esteemed    1-  riend 
80me-!„„„  „,„„     ■J 

what  of  the  exercise  of  my  mind  since 

been  amongst  you,  chiefly  as  it  regards  ouri    , 

tP-     •',      '   ,       ,J         ,   .   , &  ,  plainness  ot  speech  and  appare  ,  were  frame 

younger    I  riends    who    have    late  y    become  •     4,  *•*...■          ^u     c      ■   J      ■     *i 

headfof  families,  and  some  others  not  in  very  I1"  :h,°  ^f'1"  >™  f  the  ^Y,  '"  the  »f 
early  life.  I  have  been  drawn  into  sympathy  ]Vf°"\  0/  God'  t0,  ke/P  USfa  d-stinct  people, 
with  you  in  a  very  unexpected  manner,  in  '^  ,l  ls  required  oi  us  to  support  them 
reference  to  your  growth  and  prosperity  in  j  ^  f™  >'ltolded>  «"?_ he,  '  to  reduce  th 
those  self-denying  principles  of  the  religion  of' Wl"  °}  ^e  C1^tu™{  al!^  bnng  it  into  subjec 
t  „,,,    ,„i  ;.i     ,..?.,,.  p„„„   ,„  3-<r        ition  to  the  will  of  the  Creator.      Ought  the 

Jesus,   which    we    profess  to  espouse.      Very  .,         .     ,  ,,    ,  .     ..  .      .? T    ,  . 

■^Ithen  to  be  called  minor  testimonies?  I  thin: 

not;  butbe  that  as  it  ma}7,  we  are  sensible  the; 
greatly  neglected.    Is  it  not  worthy  ther 


soon  after  sitting 
tender  cry  was  r 
the  lambs  of  the 


1  down  in  your  mectin  ,, 
aised  in  1113"  mind,  Oh  that 
flock  would  but  enter  into 
the  'fold  by  the  door,*  that  they  would  take 
Christ,  the  Light. f  for  their  leader,  and  follow 
Him,  the  heavenly  Shepherd  !'  and  it  hum- 
bled and  contrited  my  spirit,  in  the  full  belief 
that  if  they  do  so,  there  will  be  a  greater  ap- 
pearance of  Christian  simplicity;  that  if  hap- 
pily you  are  disposed  to  resort  to  this  Light, 
and  to  listen  to  the  Shepherd's  voice,  the  one 
will  not  fail  to  discover,  nor  the  other  to  con- 
demn, that  which  is  contrary  to  itself.  Hence, 
saith  my  soul,  oh  that  these  babes  in  their 
Christian  course,  might  be  willing  to  bring 
all  superfluous  things  to  the  pure  witness  for 
truth  in  the  conscience,  i.  e.  to  the  Light;  be- 
cause 'all  things  that  are  [tube]  reproved 
are  made  manifest  by  the  Light  !'|  and,  me- 
thought,  one  effect  would  be,  that  the  muffs, 
the  tippets  and  the  boas,  etc.,  would  not  ap- 
pear so  commonly  among  us.§  Is  it  not 
worthy  of  consideration  whether  such  marks 
of  self-gratification,  are  consonant  with  the 
apostolic  recommendation,  that  the  adorning 
be  not  in  putting  on  of  apparel ;  '  but  [said  he] 
let  it  be  the  hidden  man  of  the  heart,  in  that 
which  is  not  corruptible,  even  the  ornament 
Of  a  meek   and   quiet    spirit,    which   is   in    the 


*  John  x.  I.  '1 .  '.».     f  John  ix.  5.      {  Ephes.  v 

'i  May  I  not  kindly  suggest  whether,  for  exa 

ake,  the  veil  might  not  often  be  dispensed  with 


an  impartial  examination,  whether  our  indi 
vidual  growth  in  the  Truth  be  not  retarc 
by  want  of  faithfulness  '  in  the  day  of  smal 
things. '||  Is  it  not  one  cause  why,  in  looking 
about  our  Zion,  if  so  we  may  compare  th 
constitution  of  our  Society,  intended  as  it  was 
'  to  be  as  a  city  set  on  a  hill,'^[  if  in  walkin; 
about  her,  counting  the  towers  thereof,  am 
marking  well  her  bulwarks,**  we  see  lament 
able  declension.  Oh!  how  can  we  but  earn 
cstly  desire  for  our  dear  friends,  not  onlt 
those  who  in  early  life  have  set  their  hand 
to  the  plough,  that  they  looked  not  back,  '  bu 
for  all,  that  they  be  stimulated  to  come  for 
ward  and  repair  the  breaches  which  the  enenr 
has  made,  that  we  be  no  more  a  reproach,  y 
And,  seeing  it  is  a  day  wherein  it  is  sorrow 
fully  apparent  that  in  different  ways  inan| 
amongst  us  are  brought  into  captivity  to  th 
spirit,  of  the  world,  may  the  injunction  of  th' 
prophet  be  regarded  by  us  all :  '  Seckest  thoi 
great  things  for  thyself?  seek  them  not;  tlr 
life  will  I  give  thee  for  a  prey  in  all  place 
whither  thou  goest.' 

The  above   was   penned   under  a  pointing 
of  duly,  intending  it  to   be  circulated  amonl 


*  1  Peter  iii.  4. 

t  Rom.  vii.  8. 

13. 

J  Jer.  xiii.  4. 

|  Cant.  i.  7. 

pie's 

||  Zeeh.  iv.  10. 

1[  Matt.  v.  14. 

**  Ps.  xlviii.  12,  13. 

ft  Nehem.  ii. 

THE    FRIEND. 


227 


pou  as  a  tribute  of  love  in  my  declining  years 
;o  that  blessed  cause  which  it  has  been  my 
3rivilege,  as  well  as  yours,  to  be  called  upon 
;o  espouse,  not  with  a  divided  but  with  a  per- 
fect heart.  Herewith  I  take  my  leave,  and 
iffeetionately  bid  you  farewell. 

Isaac  Wright. 
Second  month,  1839. 


and  to  every  Christian  man  and  woman  who 
has  a  spark  of  true  patriotism  in  his  or  her 
heart,  the  appeal  is  addressed,  to  withstand 
the  monster  evil,  by  the  circulation,  timely 
and  vigorous,  of  the  true  antidote  ;  that  in  the 
future  as  well  as  in  the  past,  our  country's 
piety  may  be  our  country's  strength,  and  our 
motto  may  ever  be  like  that  of  the  noble 
Romanus,  '  Not  my  riches  nor  my  blood,  but 
my  Christianity,  makes  me  noble.'  " 


P.  S.  Since  writing  the  above,  another 
subject  has  weightily  impressed  my  mind, 
with  desire  that  all  our  dear  Friends  every- 
where maj-  unflinchingly  unite  in  support  of 
>ur  ancient  Christian  testimony  against  a 
lireling  ministry  ;  or  any  ministry  which  in- 
ringes  upon  the  precept  of  our  Lord  and  the 
sxample  of  his  immediate  followers,  'freely  ye 
\ave  received,  freely  give,' — a  testimony  and  a 
tandard  which  our  forefathers  were  strength- 
:ned  pre-eminently  to  erect  as  an  ensign  to 
he  nations,  whereby  to  invite  them  to  behold 
,nd  to  embrace  the  purity  and  spirituality  ot 
jospel  ministry  under  the  Christian  dispen- 
ation — a  standard  which  no  other  religious 
ommunity  had  then,  or  since  have  attempted 
o  set  up,  viz.,  a  free  gospel  ministry,  un- 
hackled  from  the  trammels  and  the  tempta- 
jons  attendant  upon  a  ministry  established 
)j  man,  and  supported  by  outward  emolu- 
uent. 

Let  us,  then,  prize  our  privilege  and  seek 
jO  have  our  hearts  directed  in  pruyer  to  'the 
jJod  of  all  grace,'  that  He  will  be  pleased  to 
jontinue  unto  us  tb 
ree  and  living  miniL..  , 

hat  'preach  the  Gospel  of  Peace,  and  bring  .and  the  good  of  my  fellow  mortals,  to  be 

lad  tidings  of  good  things.'— Rom.  x.  15."      i testimony,  that  no  man  can  acceptably  wor- 

________  ship  the  adorable  God,  but  in,  through  and 

A    T'       f*   n  by  the  influence  of  his  own  eternal  Spirit  of 

A   UlgailtlC   Danger.  truth  and  righteousness ;  in  the  pure  silence 

In  an  address  given  in  Exeter  Hall,  at  the  of  all  flesh  ;  not  as  some  may  imagine,  in 
ighty-fourth  anniversary  of  the  Religious  senseless  stupefaction  or  mere  silence  as  to 
Cract  Society,  Dr.  McEwan  of  Clapham,  while  [vocal  declarations  ;  but  in  an  entire  abstrac- 
peaking  of  the  necessity  of  furnishing  pureition  from  all  earthly  or  fleshlj-  cogitations; 
eading,  said:  I in   which  seasons  of  holy  passivity  (all  the 

"We  are  in  the  presence  of  a  gigantic  effects  of  divine  power)  is  there  divine  ability 
anger.  Demoralizing  literature  is  more  in-  imparted,  in  which  the  soul  can  acceptably 
idious  ;  immoral  literature  more  shameless;  worship  the  Almighty  Maker  of  heaven  and 
nfidel  and  atheistic  literature  more  pro-  earth,  in  a  manner  no  form  of  words  can 
lounced  and  daring,  even  to  the  extent  of  reach.  And  I  have  this  testimony  to  leave 
blown  blasphem}-,  than  it  ever  was  before,  for  the  truth,  and  for  the  sake  of  that  only, 
?heir  patrons  and  supporters  are  more  ag-  that  in  divers  opportunities  of  waiting  upon 
ressive  and  defiant,  and  their  publications  the  Lord  in  pure  silence,  with  the  people 
re  more  numerous  ;  so  that  it  is  computed  at  called  Quakers,  in  the  time  of  my  sickness  ; 


Dennis  Getchell. 

The  following  testimony  concerning  accepta- 
ble worship  to  Almighty  God,  was  given  in 
writing    by   Dennis    Getchell,    of   Vassal- 
borough,  in  the  eastern  part  of  New  Eng- 
land,  a  little   before   his   death,   who   was 
educated  in  the  Congregational  or  Presb}-- 
terian  religion  ;  was  in  the  office  of  captain, 
and  afterwards  a  major,  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution,  and  for  some  time  a  member 
of  the  General  Court  at  Boston  ;  he  deceased 
about  the  4th  month,  1791. 
"I  am   moved   and  disposed  to  leave  this 
testimony  for  the  truth,  in  humble  gratitude, 
praise  and  thanksgiving  unto  the  great  Author 
and  Preserver  of  my  being,  who  in   his  mar 
vellous  loving  kindness  hath  visited  my  soul 
with   a   sensible  knowledge  of  what   I   now 
communicate ;    and    that    I    have    not    been 
moved  thereunto  by  the  advice,  consultation 
blessing  of  a"  pure  and  |or  direction  of  any  mortal  ;  but  purely  for  the 
ry,  through  messengers  !bonor.of  the  bol7  beaa!  °f  thc  church  of  God 


ihe  present  time  that  no  less  than  four  mil- 
ions  of  utterly  demoralizing  prints  are  issued 
rom  the  London  press  every  week.  The  very 
tchings  and  woodcuts  of  many  of  these  ar 


my  soul  (both  with  and  without  words)  has 
been  made  to  rejoice  in  the  living  sense  of 
God's  salvation,  to  my  unspeakable  comfort, 
and  to  our  mutual   edification;   and   in    un- 


jither  disgraceful  representations  of  human  feigned  love  to  the  upright  hearted  of  this 
'ice,  or  horrible  caricatures  of  things  divine,  religious  Society  of  people,  doth  my  soul  wish 
Lnd  this  literature,  which  is  on  the  increase, 'that  grace,  mercy  and  peace  may  be  multi- 


3  fitted  to  sap  the  foundations  of  morality 
nd  virtue,  to  corrupt  public  taste,  and  to  eat 
mt  of  the  very  hearts  of  the  people,  and  es- 
lecially  the  young,  every  sentiment  of  rever- 
nce  and  philanthropy; — a  literature,  which 
n  the   name  of  liberty  teaches   lawlessness, 
.nd  in  the  name  of  purity  teaches  the  most 
■eckless  disregard  of  all  that  is  most  sacred  in 
man  life,  and  human  obligations;  a  litera- 
te which,  if  not  counteracted  and  neutral- 
d,  may  soon  prove  the  fruitful  soil  for  the 
growth  and  development  amongst  us  of  bru- 
ality,  anarchy,  and  crime. 

"These  are  not  hastily  spoken  words.  I 
lave  been  at  some  trouble  to  get  at  the  facts 
vhich  abundantly  substantiate  them.  This 
mmoral  and  atheistic  literature  has  come  to 
jo  a  national  question  of  the  gravest  moment; 


plied  among  you. 

"And  I  feel  my  soul  impressed  through  a 
sense  of  duty  to  God,  and  as  a  warning  to 
others,  who  are  or  may  have  been  made  sensi- 
ble of  the  truth  as  held  by  this  people,  to 
freely  own,  that  being  blinded  by  the  god  of 
this  world,  in  love  with  the  honor  and  friend- 
ship thereof,  and  through  a  fear  of  the  shame 
of  the  cross  of  Christ,  I  have  been  disobedient 
to  the  heavenly  visitation  of  God's  love,  and 
thereby  deprived  myself  of  many  precious 
opportunities,  that  I  believe  I  should  have 
been  favored  with,  had  I  been  faithful  to  the 
just  witness  which  (during  the  time  of  my 
confinement)  I  have  often  had  deeply  to 
mourn  for  before  God  :  I  feel  therefore  de- 
sirous that  none  may  slight  the  day  of  their 
visitation  or  shun  the  cross  throutrh  fear  of 


man,  or  the  reproach  of  the  world,  but  that 
they  may  be  prevailed  upon  to  give  cheerful 
obedience  to  the  dictates  of  truth  in  the  mind, 
where  is  placed  God's  witness,  a  minister  of 
the  sanctuary  whom  all  ought  to  hear  and 
obey. 

"In  testimony  of  my  love  to  the  pure  wor- 
ship of  God.  I  do  request  and  advise,  that  my 
family  meet  with  and  attend  the  religious 
meetings  of  Friends. 

"  Given  forth  this  sixth  day  of  the  Fourth 
month,  1791,  at  Yassalborough,  as  a  testimony 
for  the  truth,  in  the  fear  of  God,  under  the 
enlivening  influence  of  good  hope  and  desire 
that  the  Lord  may  make  it  useful  for  the  pro- 
motion of  truth  ;  and  that  He  who  is  a  just 
rewarder  of  all  such  as  love,  and  diligently 
seek  Him,  will  graciously  condescend  to  re- 
ceive this  free-will  offering  at  my  hands,  unto 
whom  be  all  glory,  honor,  majesty  and  power, 
with  everlasting  thanksgiving  ascribed  for 
evermore.     Amen. 

Dennis  Getchell." 

Some  account  of  Dennis  Getchell  aforesaid, 
as  certified  by  a  person  who  was  well  ac- 
quainted with  him  in  3-ears  past. 
He  was  a  man  of  good  natural  abilities, 
and  reputation  in  the  parts  where  he  lived, 
having  his  residence  at  Yassalborough  afore- 
said, appearing  strong  in  argument,  cogent 
in  reasoning,  deep  in  his  researches  after  the 
origination  of  matter  and  things,  of  a  steady 
conduct;  was  deemed  a  good  neighbor  and 
an  useful  member  of  civil  society:  afterserving 
in  several  public  stations  (as  first  mentioned) 
in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  had  conferred 
on  him  a  commission  of  the  peace:  he  had 
been  convinced  of  the  truth,  relating  to  a 
principle  of  inward  light  and  grace  being  con- 
ferred on  every  man,  as  a  pure  infallible 
teacher,  consistent  with  the  doctrine  of  the 
people  called  Quakers  (although  it  is  slighted 
and  spoken  against  by  many  professing  Chris- 
tianity :)  and" being  upwards  of  twelve  years 
ago  remarkably  reached  and  tendered  in.  his 
spirit  under  the  testimony  of  a  minister  of  that 
religious  society,  at  a  meeting  held  near  his 
dwelling,  his  mind  was  for  some  time  ap- 
parently turned  from  the  sentiments  received 
by  education,  with  desires  to  take  up  the 
cross  and  walk  in  a  narrower  way,  which  he 
then  saw  was  necessaiy  in  order  to  obtain 
inward  peace ;  but  his  resolutions  did  not 
prove  to  be  strong  enough  to  withdraw  from, 
and  withstand  the  stream  he  had  been  ac- 
customed to,  in  regard  to  worldly  friendship, 
with  the  maxims  and  honors  thereof,  so  as  to 
make  a  solid  progress  in  the  true  Christian 
path  of  self-denial  ;  therefore,  although  he 
retained  a  regard  for  the  Society  called  Qua- 
kers, he  never  joined  himself  among  them  as 
a  member.  When  his  health  declined,  through 
the  prevalence  of  a  sore  disorder,  ho  was 
visited  with  a  sense  of  divine  mercy,  and  it  is 
hoped  he  witnessed  forgiveness  of  his  sins ; 
often  greatly  bemoaning  his  folly  and  dis- 
obedience in  not  being  faithful  to  the  inward 
principle  of  truth,  and  its  discoveries  of  Chris- 
tian duty,  which  he  had  been  favored  to  see 
in  time  past  was  a  sure  way  of  obtaining 
salvation.  The  humble  penitent  state  of  his 
mind  near  the  close  of  his  life,  appears  from 
the  tenor  of  his  expressions  hereafter  inserted ; 
out  of  the  many  of  like  nature  which  he 
uttered  in  the  time  of  his  illness:  these  fol- 
lowing having  been  faithfully  preserved  in 
writing,  were  lately  communicated  for  more 


228 


THE    FRIEND. 


general  benefit  to  a  person  at  Providence  in 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  by  one  of  said 
Getchell'e  near  neighbors,  who  was  formerly 
a  magistrate  at  that  place,  and  remains  to  be 
a  person  of  good  reputation  and  undoubted 
veracity. 

(To  be   concluded.) 


Spreading  Garments  in  the  Way. — "I  well 
remember  the  crushing  exactions  of  the  gov- 
ernment, and  the  despair  of  the  poor  peasants 
[in  Palestine,  when  under  the  control  of  the 
Egyptian  government.]  There  were  then  but 
few  Franks  in  the  country,  and  all  were  sup- 
posed to  be  consuls,  or  officers  of  European 
nations,  possessing  great  influence  over  the 
Egyptian  government.  My  associate,  Nico- 
layson,  returning  from  the  pools  of  Solomon 
in  company  with  Farran,  the  British  consul, 
was  met  as  they  entered  Bethlehem  by  crowds 
of  despairing  petitioners,  who,  in  urging  their 
supplications,  spread  their  loose  cloaks  in  the 
road  before  the  horse  of  the  consul.  Though 
that  action  was  prompted  by  extreme  distress, 
still  it  recalls  that  similar  incident  during  the 
triumphal  entrance  of  Jesus  into  Jerusalem. 
In  both  cases  the  spreading  of  garments  'in 
the  way'  was  intended  to  express  the  utmost 
respect,  honor,  and  even  reverence.  Just 
such  manifestations  are  now  rare,  but  conduct 
analogous  to  them  has  always  been  common 
in  Oriental  countries.  Even  at  this  day  re- 
spectable people  will  resort  without  hesitation 
to  the  most  abject  actions,  postures,  and  ex- 
pressions, to  render  their  appeal  for  aid  or 
protection  more  emphatic." — W.  M.  Thomson 
in  The  Land  and  The  Book. 


Among  the  signs  of  the  times  which  give 
hope  to  the  lover  of  his  race,  is  the  growing 
sentiment  of  justice  and  humanity  as  applied 
to  the  duties  of  the  stronger  to  the  weaker 
nations.  A  leading  religious  journal  justly 
remarks:  The  masses  of  the  people  are  be- 
ginning to  think,  and  to  be  felt  also,  and  the 
question  of  right  and  wrong  has  become  as 
imminent  among  nations  as  between  indi- 
viduals. These  moral  advances  among  diverse 
peoples  are  slow,  but  the  great  forces  of  the 
universe  are  with  them.  There  are  still  too 
many  comparatively  weak  nations,  whose 
trade  or  material  resources  are  objects  to  be 
coveted  by  stronger  governments,  to  encour- 
age an  immediate  expectation  of  the  universal 
rule  of  the  Prince  of  Peace,  but  happily,  now, 
nothing  can  be  done  in  a  corner.  The  acts  of 
Russiain  Siberia  or  Persia,  of  France  in  North- 
ern Africa,  of  England  in  Egypt,  Afghanistan, 
or  Zululand,  are  flashed  within  a  few  hours 
all  over  the  world.  The  opinions  of  Christen- 
dom, as  interpreted  by  the  public  press,  are 
at  once  translated  into  the  language  of  all 
the  leading  powers.  Every  thoughtful  man 
hears  the  sentiment  of  the  enlightened  world, 
in  the  language  in  which  he  was  born,  in 
reference  to  the  moral  quality  of  the  acts  of 
his  government.  All  this  renders  injustice 
more  difficult,  tends  to  secure  the  rights  of 
the  oppressed,  elevates  the  tone  of  the  general 
conscience  and  brings  men  nearer  to  the 
standard  of  a  common  brotherhood. — Si  leeti  d. 

"Now  what  is  a  church  but  the  redeemed 
flock,  family,  household  or  people  of  God? 
If,  then,  the  church  of  Christ  must  be  pure, 
the  members  that  constitute  that  church  must 
be  pure;  not  by  a  vain  and  fictitious  imputa- 
tion, but  a  solid  and  real  purgation,  redemp- 
tion and  salvation  unto  righteousness." 


Selected. 

"  SEEING  THE  BLOOD." 

LUCY   WADE   HEEKICK. 
"  Father,  I  cannot  sleep :  the  prophet's  words 
King  in  my  ears;  they  fill  my  heart  with  fear  ; 
For  am  I  not  the  first  born,  and  the  one 
On  whom  the  destroying  angel's  shaft  would  fall, 
Were  not  the  token  on  the  lintel  found? 
Thrice  have  I  named  the  patriarchs,  and  once 
The  creatures  great  and  small  that  Noah  drove 
Before  him  in  the  ark  ;  but  all  in  vain. 
I  cannot  sleep.     Oh,  father,  art  thou  sure 
The  blood  is  sprinkled  as  God  gave  command?" 

"  Peace,  peace,  my  child  ;  just  as  the  evening  fell 
The  fairest  lamb  of  all  the  (lock  was  slain, 
And  roasted  then  with  purifying  fire; 
With  bitter  herbs,  and  bread'  devoid  of  leaven, 
In  haste  we  ate  the  Lord's  appointed  feast. 
Nor  were  the  means  of  saving  thee  forgot; 
Scarce  was  the  yearling  slain  ere  I  gave  word 
Eor  sprinkling  of  the  blood  upon  the  door; 
Sleep,  then,  my  first  born,  God's  avenging  one 
Will  see  the  signal,  and  pass  over  thee." 

Thus  on  that  dark  night  which  God  had  chosen 
For  passing  throughout  all  fair  Egypt's  land, 
To  smite  on  every  side  the  loved  first  born, 
Sparing  not  e'en  the  firstlings  of  the  flock  ; 
A  Hebrew  father  soothed  his  restless  child  ; 
Restless  himself,  as  now  with  girded  loins, 
Sandals  upon  his  feet,  and  staff  in  hand, 
He  waited  for  the  solemn  midnight-hour, 
When  God's  almighty  arm  should  break  the  chain 
That  bound  his  people  to  proud  Pharaoh's  throne. 

The  bread  unbaked  was  in  the  kneading  trough, 
The  scattered  (locks  were  gathered  in  the  fold, 
And  all  betokened  plans  for  hasty  flight. 
There  was  a  thrilling  silence  in  the  air; 
A  quiet  joy  burned  in  the  Rabbi's  breast, 
Joy  that  was  not  unmingled  with  regret 
At  leaving  thus  his  birthplace,  though  it  was 
A  house  of  bondage,  for  the  promised  land. 

The  night  wore  on, 
And  yet  again  the  pleading  voice  was  heard  ; 
"Father,  sleep  will  not  come;  before  my  eyes 
I  see  the  angel  pass,  and  at  our  door 
Pause  sadly,  as  though  he  wept  to  enter, 
Yet  dared  not  hasten  unavenging  by. 
Oh,  father,  if  the  blood  had  been  removed, 
Or  if  the  herdboy  heeded  not  thy  voice, 
Then  never  shall  my  weary  eyes  behold 
The  land  of  Canaan  with  its  waving  fields." 

''  Rest  little  one,  faithful  our  Jared  is. 

Not  only  on  the  side  posts  of  the  door 

Should  be  the  stain,  but  on  the  one  above; 

So  if  some  hungry  dog  should  from  its  place 

One  token  lick,  the  others  would  remain. 

Sleep,  my  sweet  child,  for  thou  hast  need  of  rest; 

The  journey  will  be  rough  for  little  feet." 

The  anxious  voice  was  silent ;  for  in  that  home 
Obedience  reigned  supreme,  though  not  as  yet 
The  law  had  sounded  forth  from  Sinai's  top; 
With  patience  dutifid  she  sought  to  woo 
Soft  slumber  to  her  long  unclosed  eyes; 
Sleep  came  at  last,  but  with  it  dreams  of  fright, 
Wherein  she  tossed,  and  moaned,  and  oft  cried  out. 

The  midnight  hour  drew  nigh  ;  unbroken  still 
The  darkness'  solemn  hush  ;  the  child  awoke 
With  a  loud  cry,  "  Father,  i  thought  I  heard 
The  cock's  shrill  crow  to  greet  approaching  morn. 
My  heart  is  heating  with  a  sick'ning  dread 
Of  danger  near.     Oh!  take  me  to  the  door 
And  let  me  see  the  red  blood  sprinkled  there." 

Lighting  a  torch  the  father  gently  took 

His  first  born  in  his  arms,  and  bore  her  forth — 

Startled  and  paled  to  see  no  paschal  sign, 

No  warning  that  their  door  should  be  passed  by  ! 

With  trembling  band  he  snatched  the  hyssop  then, 

Himself  applied  the  blood  in  eager  haste. 

A  long  sigh  of  relief  escaped  the  child  ; 

Almost  before  he  placed  her  on  the  couch 

Sweel  sleep  had  fallen  on  her  heavy  lids, 

Nor  when  the  "great  cry"  rose  did  ahe  awake. 

That  agonizing  wail  of  man  and  beast 

Reached  not  her  ears,  with  drowsy  slumber  sealed, 

And  at  the  dawn  they  bore  her  sleeping  still, 

Away  from  Egypt's  darkness  and  despair. 


Incidents  and  Reflections. 

TRUE    SOURCE    OF    SPIRITUAL    GOOD. 

There  is  a  spiritual  communion,  by  which 
the  mind  maybe  impressed  with  serious  feel- 
ing, independently  of  any  ideas  communicated 
by  words.  This  may  take  place  where  indi- 
viduals are  gathered  into  solemn  silence  ;  and 
it  may  be  experienced  where  the  gospel  is 
preached  in  a  language  unknown  to  the  hearer, 
who  yet  may  be  made  sensible  of  the  gos- 
pel authority  which  accompanies  the  words 
spoken.  Of  the  truth  of  this,  there  is  abun- 
dant testimony.  When  Thomas  Story  was 
in  America,  coming  to  Philadelphia,  he  had  a 
meeting  at  Myrlon  (Merion)  with  the  Welsh. 
Friends  who  had  settled  there;  among  whom, 
he  says,  ';I  was  much  satisfied  :  For  several 
of  them  appearing  in  testimony  in  the  British 
tongue,  which  I  did  not  understand  ;  yet 
being  from  the  Word  of  truth  in  them,  as  in- 
struments moved  thereby,  /  was  as  much  re* 
freshed  as  if  it  had  been  in  my  own  language; 
which  confirmed  me  in  what  I  had  thought 
before,  that  where  the  Spirit  is  the  same  in. 
the  preacher  and  hearer,  and  is  the  Truth, 
the  refreshment  is  chiefly  thereby,  rather 
than  by  the  form  of  words  or  language,  to  all 
that  are  in  the  same  spirit  at  the  same  time. 
And  this  is  the  universal  language  of  the> 
Spirit,  known  and  understood  in  ail  tongues 
and  nations,  to  them  that  are  born  of  Him." 
SomeyearsaftcrthiSjWhenin  Wales,  he  met 
with  an  old  Friend,  named  John  Bevan,  whom 
he  accompanied  to  a  meeting  at  Pontapool. 
There,  John  Bevan  spoke  in  Welsh.  T.  Story] 
remarks,  "  Though  I  understood  not  the  lan- 
guage, yet  was  much  comforted  in  the  Truth 
all  the  time;  by  which  I  perceived  his  minis- 
try was  from  that  ground.  His  speech  flowed 
very  free  and  smooth,  carrying  a  proportion 
and  satisfaction  to  the  ear,  not  easily  ex- 
pressed :  For  though  the  languages  of  men 
differ  very  greatly,  yet  the  language  of  Truth 
as  to  the  comfort  of  it,  is  one  in  all  nations; 
but  the  matters  receive  various  forms  as  the 
languages  differ." 

The  late  Robert  Scotton,  of  Frankford, 
Philadelphia,  spent  several  years  among  tho 
Indians  on  the  Allegheny  Reservation  in 
Western  New  York,  laboring  for  their  wel- 
fare. He  was  asked  on  one  occasion  as  to  the 
religious  character  of  the  Indians — whether 
any  permanent  spiritual  results  were  to  b» 
expected  among  them.  In  his  reply,  he  said; 
that  when  he  lived  among  them,  it  was  his 
custom  after  breakfast  on  First-day  morning 
to  walk  out  for  some  distance  from  the  house, 
and  then  return  in  time  for  a  meeting;  or,  if 
alone,  for  a  silent  sitting  by  himself  waiting 
on  the  Lord.  In  one  of  those  early  walks, 
as  he  passed  an  Indian  cabin,  he  heard  tho 
voice  of  the  woman  who  inhabited  it,  engaged 
in  supplication.  She  knew  not  of  his  near- 
ness, as  she  poured  out  her  soul  unto  the 
Lord  ;  nor  did  he  know  enough  of  the  lan- 
guage to  understand  her  petitions :  but  he 
was  seldom  if  ever  more  sensible  of  the  spirit 
of  prayer  being  perceptibly  felt  than  on  that 
occasion. 

The  incidents  above  related  need  not  seora 
strange  to  us,  if  we  reflect  that  words  of  then 
ves  cannot  furnish  spiritual  instruction  and 
reshment  to  the  hearers,  hut  that  these 
depend  on  the  Divine  power  that  aecom- 
lies  them.  It  was  to  this  holy  unction,  this 
;ht,  Life  and  Power  id'  Christ,  that  our 
ly  Friends  continually  directed  the  people, 


THE    FRIEND. 


229 


as  that  which  must  convince,  convert  and 
lead  in  the  way  of  righteousness.  It  was  to 
this  Robert  Barclay  attributed  his  own  eon- 
vincement.  He  testifies  that  it  was  "not  by 
strength  of  argument  or  by  a  particular  dis- 
quisition of  each  doctrine,  anil  convincement 
of  my  understanding  thereby,  I  came  to  re- 
ceive and  bear  witness  of  the  truth,  but  by 
being  secretly  reached  by  this  life  ;  for  when 
I  came  into  the  silent  assemblies  of  God's 
people,  I  felt  a  secret  power  among  them 
which  touched  my  heart  and  as  I  gave  way 
unto  it,  I  found  the  evil  weakening  in  me  and 
the  good  raised  up  ;  and  so  I  became  thus 
knit  and  united  unto  them,  hungering  more 
and  more  after  the  increase  of  this  power  and 
life,  whereby  I  might  feel  myself  perfectly 
redeemed." 

In  a  Memoir  of  his  life,  David  Ferris  records 
that  he  was  brought  up  among  the  Presby- 
terians of  Connecticut,  but  that  his  views  of 
the  doctrines  of  Christianity  were  gradually 
changed,  as  he  believed  by  the  discoveries  of 
the  Light  of  Christ  to  his  mind.  Subsequently 
he  met  with  a  copy  of  Barclay's  Apology, 
which  turned  his  attention  towards  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,     lie  states: 

"  I  went  to  a  Yearly  Meeting  of  the  people 
called  Quakers  on  Long  Island  ;  in  order  to 
discover  whether  they  were  a  living  people 
or  not ;  for  a  living  people  I  wished  to  find. 
I  had  thought  for  several  years  before  that 
there  ought  to  be  such  a  people  ;  a  people 
who  bad  life  in  them,  and  abounded  in  love 
to  each  other,  as  did  the  primitive  Christians  ; 
a  people  who  knew  they  had  passed  from 
death  unto  life  by  their  love  to  the  brethren. 
Here  I  gathered  strength  and  was  more  con- 
firmed that  I  was  right  in  leaving  the  college; 
for  I  found  a  living,  humble,  heavenly-minded 
people  ;  full  of  love  and  good  works  ;  such  a 
one  as  I  had  never  seen  before.  I  rejoiced  to 
find  that  which  I  had  been  seeking  ;  and  soon 
owned  them  to  be  the  Lord's  people.  I  also 
found  that  thej-  held  and  believed  the  same 
doctrines,  the  truth  of  which  had  been  mani- 
fested to  me  immediately  by  the  Holy  Spirit, 
— being  the  same  that  Robert  Barclay  had 
laid  down  and  well  defended  in  bis  Apolog}'. 
Before  I  had  read  this  work,  I  did  not  know 
there  was  a  people  on  earth  who  believed 
and  lived  in  the  truth  as  described  by  Bar- 
clay ;  but  here  I  found  a  numerous  society 
who  held  the  same  truths,  and  lived  an  hum- 
ble, self-denying  life,  becoming  the  character 
of  Christians.  I  was  indubitably  satisfied 
that  their  worship  was  in  spirit  and  in  truth  ; 
and  they  such  worshippers  as  the  Father 
sought  and  owned.  I  was  convinced  beyond 
a  doubt,  that  they  preached  the  gospel  in  the 
demonstration  of  the  spirit ;  and  divine  au- 
thority was  felt  to  attend  their  ministry.  I 
now  clearlj'  saw  the  difference  between  man- 
made  ministers,  and  those  whom  the  Lord 
qualifies  and  sends  into  his  harvest  field  ;  the 
difference  between  the  wheat  and  the  chaff; 
and  it  was  marvellous  to  me,  to  reflect  how 
long  I  had  sat  under  a  formal,  dry  and  lifeless 
ministry." 

It  was  the  evidence  of  spiritual  life,  and 
not  the  eloquence  of  words,  that  satisfied 
the  mind  of  David  Ferris.  For  the  arising 
of  this  Life  in  the  heart,  the  experienced 
Christian  longs  and  waits  ;  and  to  it,  he  calls 
the  attention  of  those  for  whose  welfare  he 
is  concerned.  Richard  Shackleton,  writin, 
to  his  daughter  Margaret  in  1773,  thus  es 
presses   his   earnest   desires :    "  Mayst    thou, 


dear  child,  be  preserved  in  simplicity  and 
nothingness  of  self ;  in  humility  and  lowliness 
of  mind,  seeking  diligently  after,  and  waiting 
steadily  for,  the  inward  experience  of  that 
which  is  unmixedly  good.  This  is  the  way 
to  be  helped  along  from  day  to  day,  through 
one  difficulty  and  proving  after  another,  to 
the  end  of  our  wearisome  pilgrimage  ;  having 
ecourse,  like  the  hunted  hart,  to  the  brook 
by  the  way,  when  pressed  by  our  spiritual 
enemies.  By  this,  my  dear  child,  the  prede- 
cessors in  our  family,  who  lived  in  the  truth, 
wereenabled  to  wade  through  their  afflictions, 
and  knew  that  overcoming  which  entitles  to 
the  glorious,  eternal  rewards." 


Watching. 

BY    F.    A.   MASON. 

We  hear  a  great  deal  of  the  duty  ami  pr 
lege  of  prayer,  but  of  the  specific  Christian 
duty  of  watching  we  hear  comparatively 
little.  Yet  of  so  great  importance  in  the 
Christian  life  did  Jesus  see  this  duty  to  be, 
that  in  a  passage  that  itself  states  the  univer- 
salit}-  of  its  application  He  gives  in  a  single 
word  an  exhortation  which  has  a  tremendous 
weight  of  emphasis,  ••  What  I  say  unto  you  I 
say  unto  all.  Watch!"  He  says  no  more. 
Additional  words,  like  added  water  to  the 
tincture,  would  but  weaken  the  intensity  and 
strength. 

As  the  two  duties  of  watching  and  praying 


their  enemies,  purchasing  or  conquering  their 
subsistence  as  they  went,  seizing  bridges  in 
the  face  of  foes  who  greatly  outnumbered 
them,  changing  their  route  a  dozen  times  to 
avoid  dangers  too  great  to  be  met  without 
utter  annihilation  by  their  little  beleaguered 
and  travel-worn  band,  their  eyes  were  at  last 
delighted  with  the  sight  of  the  familiar  moun- 
tain peaks  that  told  them  they  were  once 
more  near  home.  "  Eternal  vigilance  is  the 
price  of  liberty,"  and  the  success  that  crowned 
their  almost  superhuman  efforts  was  the  re- 
ward of  a  watchfulness  that  waited  during 
years  of  silent  preparation,  and  that,  once 
the}-  had  started,  for  six  long  days  and  nights 
gave  neither  sleep  nor  slumber  to  the  cj^es  of 
their  leader.  Watch  ?  The  grim  determina- 
tion that  had  possessed  them  as  a  passion 
made  watching  as  natural  as  to  breathe. 
Relax  their  vigilance?  Not  for  one  moment. 
Miss  one  golden  opportunity  for  success? 
Fever.  Be  caught  in  any  snare,  though  in 
the  very  midst  of  powerful,  malicious,  and 
outnumbering  foes?  Impossible.  "I  have 
a  work  to  do,"  said  the  Saviour,  "  and  how 
am  I  straitened  till  it  he  accomplished  !" 
Such  seemed  the  spirit  that  animated  them 
and  compelled  them  to  "  watch."  Shall  we 
do  less  to  gain  our  heavenly  home  ? 

Will  the  change  in  symptom  in  the  child 
struck  with  fearful  sickness,  whether  for  the 
better  or  the  worse,  escape  the  watchful  eye 
of  the  mother?     O  no,  how  can  it?    Will  she 


found  joined — -not   to    say    wedded 
aether  in  the  New  Testament,  so  in  the  prac-jfail  to  give  at  the  appointed  time  the  remedy 

*:  —  1   — l: .-: ,-..,,.   \SPp  fhp\-  must    be  found  in   ch'^'11  ntiT'.eii'inn     \\<\a    »iiv>sr-i'i  hod      nml    +n    f*r»llr*™r 


tical  religious 

companionship  :  and  for  this  reason  :  the 
spirit  that  underlies  all  true  prayer— to  wit, 
a  spirit  of  earnest  purpose  in  God's  service — 
is  precisely  the  spirit  that  will  urge  to  watch- 
fulness. How  inconsistent  to  ask  God  to 
keep  us  when  we  ourselves  arc  so  negligent 
as  not  to  "  watch"  lest  we  fall  into  tempta- 
tion. So  we  say  that  that  spirit  which  in- 
spires to  sincere  and  earnest  prayer  is  the 
precise  spirit  that  will  beget  in  us  a  jealous 
watchfulness  over  the  priceless  spiritual  in- 
terests that  God  has  intrusted  us  with. 

Doubtless  when  the  publican  cried  out, 
"God  be  merciful  to  me  a  sinner  !"  his  repent- 
ance was  so  deep  and  his  purpose  to  serve 
God  so  strong  that  he  was  quite  ready  to  do 
his  part,  and  "  watch"  lest  he  should  fall  into 
further  sin. 

Nearly  two  centuries  ago  about  a  thousand 


the  physician  has  prescribed,  and  to  follow 
out  to  the  minutest  details  his  directions? 
Do  you  mock  her?  Her  child  is  sick,  and 
what  woman  can  do  to  save  that  precious 
life,  she  will  as  surely  do  as  the  sun  will  rise 
on  the  morrow.     She  is  there  to  Watch. 

A  brief  passage  in  the  Epistle  to  the 
Ephcsians  most  happily  expresses  this  idea 
of  constant  wariness,  this  vigilance  directed 
to  every  quarter:  "  See  that  ye  walk  circum- 
spectly." Circumspectly,  looking  all  about, 
guarding  against  surprise  from  every  possible 
quarter. 

Military  engineers  fortify  most  strongly 
those  points  in  the  fortress  that  are  naturally 
weakest,  and  so  hold  out  most  hopes  of  suc- 
cess to  the  enemy.  So  the  wise  Christian 
will  make  use  of  an  intelligent  watchfulness, 
and  while  he  will  guard  at  all  points  against 
'se,  he  will  be  especially  and  constantly 


surpr 

of  the   Vaudois,   who    had    taken   refuge  in  (watchful  at  that  point  where  experienc 
that   remained    from    the  his  own  consciousness  teach  him  he  is 


Switzerland  —  all  that  remait 
many  thousands  who,  by  the  cruel  decree  of 
Louis  XIV.,  of  France,  had,  through  fire  and 
fagot,  torture  and  disease,  been  exterminated 
— came  to  a  secret,  sworn,  and  invincible  de- 
termination to  make  their  way  through  all 
difficulties,  and  repossess  themselves  of  their 
homes  in  the  Cottian  Alps.  Their  valor,  their 
heroism,  their  contempt  of  danger,  and  the 
constancy  and  skill  with  which  they  met  and 
surmounted  all  difficulties,  it  is,  perhaps,  not 
too  much  to  say,  have  never  been  equalled  in 
the  history  of  any  people  since  the  world  has 
stood.  Opposed  by  armies  of  more  than  ten 
times  their  number  marshalled  to  withstand 
them,  threading  their  way  over  and  along- 
side of  mighty  mountains  on  which  lay  deep 
snows,  along  paths  in  which  alone  the  chamois 
or  the  Alpine  mountaineer  could  keep  a  foot- 
ing, travelling  through  rain  and  storm,  taking 
no  prisoners,  but  putting  to  death  all  who  fell 
into  their  hands,  wresting  the  very  weapons 
with  which  they  fought  from  the  hands  of 


is  weakest. 


"And   a 
Watch. 


•hat  I  say  unto  you  I  say  unto  all, 
—  Ch  ristia  n  A  d vacate. 


Winter  and  Summer  Houses. — In  Palestine, 
castles  and  nearly  all  large  buildings,  are 
erected  on  vaults,  aud  those  lower  apartments 
in  dwelling-houses  arc  used  in  winter,  not  in 
summer.  As  soon  as  the  heat  begins,  the 
family  reopen  the  upper  story,  which  has 
been  partially  deserted  duri  ng  the  cold  months, 
and  occupy  it  through  the  summer  and  the 
ensuing  fall. 

The  prophet  Jeremiah  speaks  of  a  winter 
house  in  which  Jehoiakim  sat  in  the  9th 
month,  with  a  fire  before  him  on  the  hearth; 
and  Amos  mentions  both  winter  and  summer 
houses.  Such  language  is  readily  understood 
by  an  Oriental.  In  common  parlance,  the 
lower  apartments  are  simply — the  house;  the 
upper  is  the  summer  house.  Every  respect- 
able dwelling  has  both,  and  they  are  familiar- 
ly called  the  winter  and  summer  house.     If 


230 


THE    FRIEND. 


these  are  on  the  same  story,  then  the  external 
and  airy  apartment  is  the  summer  house,  and 
that  for  winter  is  the  interior  and  more  shel- 
tered room.  King  Jehoiakim  was,  therefore, 
sitting  in  one  of  the  inner  apartments  of  his 
palace,  I  suppose,  when  he  cut  up  Jeremiah's 
prophetic  roll  with  his  penknife,  and  cast  it 
into  the  fire. —  W.  M.  Thomson  in  The  Land 
and  The  Booh. 

The  Gospel  Beyond  the  Reach  of  Science. — 
High  as  a  man  is  placed  above  the  creatures 
around  him,  there  is  a  higher  and  far  more 
exalted  position  within  his  view  ;  and  the 
ways  are  infinite  in  which  he  occupies  his 
thoughts  about  the  fears,  or  hopes,  or  ex- 
pectations of  a  future  life.  I  believe  that  the 
truth  of  the  future  cannot  be  brought  to  his 
knowledge  hy  any  exertion  of  bis  mental 
powers,  however  exalted  they  may  be,  that 
it  is  made  known  to  him  by  other  teaching 
than  his  own,  and  is  received  through  simple 
belief  of  the  testimony  given.  Let  no  one 
suppose  for  a  moment  that  the  self-education 
I  am  about  to  commend  in  respect  of  the 
things  of  this  life,  extends  to  any  considera- 
tions of  the  hope  set  before  us,  as  if  man  by' 
reasoning  could  find  out  God.  It  would  be: 
improper  here  to  enter  upon  this  subject 
further  than  to  claim  an  absolute  distinction 
between  religious  and  ordinary  belief  I  shall! 
be  reproached  with  the  weakness  of  refusing 
to  apply  those  mental  operations  which  I 
think  good  in  respect  of  high  things  to  the' 
very  highest.  I  am  content  to  bear  the  re- 
proach. Yet,  even  in  earthly  matters,  I  be- 
lieve that  the  invisible  things  of  Him  from 
the  creation  of  the  world  are  clearly  seen, 
being  understood  bj7  the  things  that  are  made, 
even  his  eternal  power  and  Godhead,  and  I 
have  never  seen  any  thing  incompatible  be- 
tween those  things  of  man  which  can  be 
known  by  the  spirit  of  man  which  is  within 
him,  and  those  higher  things  concerning  his 
future  which  he  cannot  know  by  that  spirit. 
— Prof.  Faraday. 

The  doctrine  of  salvation  by  grace,  through 
the  atonement  of  Christ,  should  not  lower 
the  standard  of  duty  or  abate  the  holy  jealousy 
of  the  soul  against  sin.  The  Interior  says 
forcibly  :  "Jesus  paid  it  all"  is  a  latent  con- 
solation which  does  make  the  way  of  sin  easy 
for  many.  But  Jesus  did  not  pay  it  all,  He 
never  intended  to  pay  it  all,  and  He  never 
will  pay  it  all  for  wilful  profligates  of  his 
grace,  and  He  tells  us  over  and  over  that  we 
must  meet  our  account  and  square  it.  He 
does  come  in  to  save  us.  If  we  are  truly  and 
sincerely  and  heartily  sorry  for  and  ashamed 
of  our  sins  ;  if  we  try  to  the  best  of  our  ability 
to  make  reparation  for  our  wrongs;  if  we 
earnestly  try  to  avoid  sin  against  our  fellow 
man  and  against  God  ;  if  we  strive  with  all 
our  ability  to  live  pure,  benevolent  lives,  and 
ask  Him  to  clear  away  the  old  debt  and  to 
give  us  grace  and  guidance  to  avoid  contract- 
ing any  more,  He  will  do  both,  and  make 
good  our  present  failures.  The  appalling 
aspect  of  the  gospel  is  its  stern  justice,  its  de- 
mand for  immaculate  morality — and  the  chief 
failure  in  setting  it  forth  to  men  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  rationalists  can  so  misunderstand  its 
terms.  "Only  believe,"  is  the  cry  of  modern 
"evangelists."     Nay,  but  the  devils  do  that. 

Error  in  itself  is  always  invisible.  Its  na- 
ture is  the  absence  of  light. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

The  Beaver  in  Captivity. — At  the  Zoological 
Gardens,  Fairmount,  Philadelphia, northward 
from  the  bear-pits,  and  in  a  small  ravine 
adapted  to  their  occupation,  may  be  seen  a 
family  of  beavers,  with  additions,  making  in 
all  ten  in  number.  An  artificial  dam  and  lodge 
have  been  constructed  for  them,  and  here, 
without  fear  of  hunters  who  may  desire  their 
pelts,  these  artificers  of  the  wilderness  eat  the 
bread  and  apples  of  civilization,  and  nibble 
their  leaves,  as  a  rabbit  eats  clover,  in  appa- 
rent contentment  with  the  ways  of  men.  A 
small  stream  which  trickles  down  to  their 
abode,  forms  the  pond  in  which  they  swim  at 
pleasure,  while  the  banks  of  the  latter  offer 
them  a  promenade  which  they  appear  to  enjoy 
heartily,  having  worn  a  pathway  nearly  round 
its  circumference.  Here,  late  in  the  after- 
noon, but  still  in  broad  da3'light,  they  may  be 
seen  resting  on  their  haunches,  with  their 
dark  seal}"  tails  spread  out  behind  them,  to 
form  with  their  hind  limbs  a  tripod  of  sup- 
port, much  in  the  manner  of  a  kangaroo,  or, 
owing  to  the  flexible  manner  in  which  it  is 
jointed,  this  very  serviceable  member,  the  tail, 
may  be  turned'  under  to  form  a  plank-like 
floor,  should  the  bottom  happen  to  be  too 
muddy  for  a  pleasant  seat. 

Occasionally  one  seated  thus  ma}7  be  ob- 
served scratching  its  ear,  or  one  leg,  or  comb- 
ing its  sides  until  it  has  made  itself  comfort- 
able, and  then  waddling  off  on  a  tour  of  in- ' 
spection  around  the  dam,  dragging  the  afore- 
said tail  behind  it.  From  the  bank  it  may  \ 
then  plunge  into  the  stream  and  swim  towards 
the  lodge,  where  a  companion  may  be  seen, 
with  head  emerged,  and  body  partly  visible. 
Three  or  four  may  sometimes  be  observed  at 
one  time,  swimming,  nibbling,  resting  on  all 
fours,  standing  upright  on  the  hind  limbs,  or 
peering  from  a  place  of  retreat,  but  in  all 
cases,  if  undisturbed,  without  manifesting  the 
slightest  fear  of  the  visitors  without  the  rail- 
ing. They  are,  however,  very  timid  creatures, 
and  if  alarmed,  will  vanish  in  a  moment. 
Once,  while  I  was  intently  watching  their 
manner  of  eating,  an  untrained  boy  threw  a 
stick  at  a  rat  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  pond, 
and  in  an  instant  the  loaf  of  bread  was  drop- 
ped and  the  beaver  was  gone.  I  had  first 
seen  that  while  it  frequently  bit  with  its  long 
incisor  teeth,  holding  the  bread  in  its  paws, 
this  was  by  no  means  its  constant  method  of 
taking  its  food.  Quite  frequently  it  would 
fill  both  hands  by  the  use  of  its  claws,  and 
then  holding  them  up  to  its  mouth,  would  eat 
from  its  hands,  as  a  friend  said  who  watched 
with  me,  "  like  a  monkey,  or  a  baby,  or  any 
body  else."  This  was  not  a  mere  accident.  I 
saw  different  individuals  do  the  same  thing, 
again  and  again,  and  I  am  fully  convinced 
that  the  hands  are  brought  into  requisition 
in  feeding  about  as  much  as  are  the  incisor 
teeth  :  both  are  used  as  instruments  of  pre- 
hension, the  grinding  teeth  serving  in  either 
case  for  mastication. 

In  the  Zoological  Gardens,  the  beaver  has 
not  won  for  itself  a  high  reputation  either  Un- 
its intelligence  or  sagacity;  on  the  contrary 
it  is  considered  as  a  dull  animal,  low  in  a  scale 
where  all  are  believed  to  lie  overestimated. 
The  fact  thai-  these  captives,  for  the  seven 
years  of  their  confinement,  have  never  ceasod 
daily  to  bite  at  the  iron  railings  of  their  en- 
closure, in  the  vain  effort  to  reach  the  waters 
of  the  Schuylkill,  is  adduced  as  testimony  to 


their  want  of  ability  to  adapt  themselves  to  \ 
new  surroundings.  The  argument  is  .this  :  j 
had  the  beaver  been  the  intelligent,  reasoning  j 
animal  of  writers,  it  would  long  ago  have  \ 
been  convinced  of  the  hopelessness  of  the  effort,  ; 
and  would  have  learned  the  difference  be-  I 
tween  bars  of  iron  and  wood. 

Something    might   be   said  of  strength  of 
purpose,  and  the  ineradical  desire  to  engage  1 
in  labors  for  which  they  are  fitted  by  nature.  | 
For  one,  I  was  rather  glad  to  find  that  in  the 
midst  of  placid  surroundings,  with  every  want 
supplied  before  there  was  need  of  effort,  there 
yet  remained  thus  much  of  the  beaver  of  the  | 
forest. 

At  one  time  the  beaver  extended  over  the 
whole  of  temperate  North  America,  but  at 
present  few  are  known  east  of  the  Bocky 
Mountains  and  south  of  the  great  lakes,  al- 
though in  certain  districts,  exceptions  to  this 
statement  may  occur.  Westward  on  the  Pa- 
cific slope,  and  northward,  including  Alaska, 
the  Hudson  Bay  Eegion,  and  the  tributaries 
of  the  Great  Lakes  and  Upper  Missouri,  they 
still  exist,  in  some  cases  in  immense  numbers, 
mountain  streams  being  checked  for  miles  in 
succession  with  their  dams.  In  Oregon  and 
California  they  are  mentioned  as  being  found 
in  numbers  of  which,  when  applied  to  beavers, 
there  could  be  no  conception.  When  first 
discovered  on  the  streams  which  flow  into 
Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan,  they  were  so 
abundant  and  their  works  so  surprising,  that 
the  admiration  of  Lewis  H.  Morgan  was 
aroused,  and  he  became  their  biographer,  pro- 
ducing a  work,  the  most  important  which 
has  been  written,  notwithstanding  the  many 
valuable  papers  which  have  subsequently  ap- 
peared. Of  the  beaver,  Morgan  says  :  "  There 
is  no  other  animal  in  the  entire  range  of  the 
mammalia,  which  offers  to  our  investigation 
such  a  series  of  works,  or  presents  such  re- 
markable material  for  the  study  and  illustra- 
tion of  animal  psychology. 

Its  food,  in  a  state  of  nature,  consists  of 
the  fresh  bark  of  deciduous  trees,  its  prefer- 
ence being  for  yellow-birch,  cotton-wood,  wil- 
low, poplar,  and  the  different  kinds  of  maples  ; 
also  the  roots  of  grasses,  succulent  leaves  and 
roots,  especially  those  of  the  water  lilies. 

At  the  Zoological  Gardens,  I  saw  one  eating 
with  apparent  relish,  our  common  smart- 
weed,  Polygonum  hydroplper.  They  are  there 
furnished  with  willow  branches,  in  addition 
to  bread  and  apples,  and  when  the  branches 
have  been  denuded  of  both  bark  and  leaves, 
they  are  removed  by  the  beavers,  from  the 
bank  on  which  they  feed,  to  the  lodge,  where 
they  are  piled  up  for  rooting.  This  is  of 
course,  a  needless  work,  since  they  are  pro- 
vided with  ample  shelter,  but  it  is  one  show- 
ing the  natural  instincts  of  the  beaver. — 
Graccanna  Lewis  in  The  Journal. 

Spread  of  Malaria.— hi  a  trial  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  a  paper-mill  company's  mill-pond  was 
charged  with  being  the  cause  of  the  malarial 
troubles  which  had  recently  began  to  infest 
the  locality.  The  trial  occupied  a  special 
term  of  the  court  for  three  weeks,  at  an  ex- 
pense to  the  parties  in  interest  of  not  less  than 
8211.000  to  each  side.  In  this  particular  case 
a  swampy  region,  a  mill-dam  and  pond,  with 
varying  overflow  ami  surrounding  soil-satu- 
ration, had  existed  for  very  man}-  3-ears  bo- 
fore  malarial  fevers  appeared  ;  and  in  the  pro- 
gress of  the  trial  the  chief  question  over  which 
the  bat  lie  was  waged  was  the  ability  of  this 
or  any  other  pond  to  produce  the  essential 


THE    FRIEND. 


231 


cause  of  intermittent  fever.  All  over  New 
England  thousands  of  mill-ponds  have  been 
in  existence  for  generations,  and  yet  no  ague 
has  prevailed  in  their  neighborhood,  until,  in 
the  territorial  progress  of  some  unknown  but 
resistless  potency,  one  section  of  country  after 
another  has  felt  the  poison  of  its  presence. 
The  three  lower  New  England  States  are  all 
pretty  well  spotted  with  mill-ponds,  and  have 
been  for  the  last  fifty  years.  Except  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  this  territory,  and  not 
in  that  even  till  about  1S50,  ague-and-fever 
did  not  manifest  itself,  either  around  ponds  or 
away  from  them,  until  in  recent  years.  Com- 
ing into  the  south-west  corner  of  Connecticut, 
it  began  to  travel,  with  a  clearly  perceptible 
advance,  to  the  North  and  East.  In  its  course 
it  put  in  an  appearance  not  around  ponds 
only,  but  away  from  them.  It  was  fifteen 
years  or  more  getting  so  far  North  as  Berk- 
shire county;  it  was  just  about  the  same 
length  of  time  progressing  about  the  same 
distance  easterly  along  the  north  shore  of 
Long  Island  Sound.  As  the  result  of  the  ex- 
amination in  this  particular  case,  the  conclu- 
sion was  established  so  logically  and  undeni- 
ably that  there  was  no  necessary  condition  of 
cause  and  effect  between  the  local  chemical 
conditions  and  the  malarial  results  that  the 
verdict  was  given  in  favor  of  the  mill. 


THE    FRIEND. 


SECOND  MONTH  23,  1884. 


In  Lewis'  Monthly  Magazine,  there  is  an 
article  written  by  an  intelligent  East  Indian 
woman  which  argues  in  defence  of  the  idol 
worship  to  which  her  Hindoo  country  people 
are  addicted,  from  which  the  following  pas- 
sages are  extracted  : 

The  truth  is,  we  do  not  believe  for  a  mo- 
ment that  these  idols  have  any  divine  power 
n  themselves.  We  know  very  well  that  the 
thing  before  us  is  a  stone  or  clay  image,  pre- 
pared by  human  bands,  bought  at  the  market 
after  the  manner  of  any  other  purchase,  and 
perhaps  chosen  out  of  many,  to  suit  individual 
taste;  but  it  alwaj'S  either  possesses  or  is  made 
to  represent  some  attribute  which  helps  the 
imagination  in  coming  nearer  to  the  Supreme 
Invisible.  This  is  the  generally  received 
opinion  among  orthodox  Hindoos.  Pundit 
Promada  Das  Mitra,  a  learned  Hindoo  pro- 
fessor at  Benares,  the  great  holy  city  of  the 
Hindoos,  thus  replies  to  an  attack  upon  our 
religious  worship  : 

' '  If  by  idolatry  is  meant  a  system  of  wor- 
p  which  confines  our  ideas  of  the  Divinity 
to  a  mere  image  of  clay  or  stone,  which  pre- 
vents our  hearts  from  being  elevated  with 
lofty  notions  of  the  attributes  of  God — if  this 
is  what  is  meant  by  idolatry,  we  abhor  idola- 
try, and  deplore  the  ignorance  and  uncharit- 
ableness  of  those  who  charge  us  with  this 
grovelling  system.' 

"The  most  intelligent  and  philosophical, 
while  holding  that  the  highest  form  of  wor- 
ship is  heart-worship  and  formless  worship, 
justify  the  common  method  on  the  ground 
of  consideration  to  weaker-minded  persons. 
Worship  before  images,  not  to  images,  is  what 
is  practised  by  the  Hindoos.  There  are  poor, 
ignorant,  superstitious  Hindoos  who  believe 
in  the  personality  of  a  stone  or  clay  image, 
but  I  think  there  are  fully  as  many  profesa- 


ng  Christians  who  believe  that  the  bread  and 
wine  are  the  real  body  and  blood  of  Christ." 

The  admission  contained  in  the  last  sen- 
tence,— -that  there  are  some  of  the  Hindoos 
superstitious  enough  to  believe  that  the  im- 
ages have  an  existence  as  real  beings — fully 
confirms  the  wisdom  of  the  law  given  by  the 
Umighty  to  the  Jews  of  old,  "  Thou  shalt 
not  make  unto  thee  any  graven  image,  or  any 
likeness  of  any  thing  that  is  in  heaven  above 
or  that  is  in  the  earth  beneath,  or  that  is  in 
the  water  under  the  earth  ;  thou  shalt  not 
bow  down  thyself  to  them,  nor  serve  them." 

In  their  origin,  images  were  designed  to 
give  an  outward  representation  of  the  attri- 
butes of  the  Supreme  Being,  as  helps  to  the 
imagination,  especial^'  of  the  more  ignorant 
and  weaker-minded  class.  But  all  experience 
proves  that  there  is  a  constant  tendency  to 
transfer  to  images  that  homage  and  venera- 
ion  which  is  due  only  to  our  Father  in 
Heaven.  Hence  their  worship  has  ever  had 
a  debasing  effect,  and  has  promoted  supersti- 
tion. This  is  very  observable  not  onty  among 
Heathen  nations,  but  even  in  Roman  Catholic 
countries,  where  statues  and  pictures  and 
relics  are  exhibited  in  the  places  of  worship. 
These  may  be  designed  only  to  remind  the 
spectators  of  some  of  the  truths  of  religion, 
but  they  soon  come  to  be  regarded  with  super- 
stitious reverence  by  many,  and  become  real 
objects  of  worship  to  such. 

The  distinction  made  by  this  East  Indian 
woman  between  the  more  refined  views  of 
the  intelligent  and  philosophical  among  her 
country  people,  and  the  simple  idolatry  of 
the  ignorant  classes,  is  one  that  has  been  re- 
cognized from  remote  ages  among  the  pagan 
nations  of  antiquity.  Among  them,  the  com- 
mon people  offered  homage  to  images  and 
outward  objects  which  they  ignorantly  wor- 
shipped ;  but  the  priests  and  the  learned 
classes  were  taught  to  regard  these  things, 
and  the  rites  and  ceremonies  connected  with 
them,  as  only  symbolical  of  spiritual  truths. 
Yet  the  existence  of  such  views  among  a 
comparatively  small  class  of  educated  persons 
did  not  prevent  gross  darkness  from  covering 
the  people  at  large. 

This  tendency  of  the  mind  to  take  up  its 
rest  in  that  which  was  originally  designed  as 
a  means  only,  operates  in  ways  which  may 
not  be  suspected  by  some  who  are  under  its 
influence.  Our  Saviour  declared  that  all  true 
worship  is  "  in  spirit."  It  follows  from  this, 
that  a  person  may  be  diligent  in  the  practice 
of  what  are  sometimes  termed  the  means  of 
grace;  he  may  attend  at  places  of  worship, 
listen  to  the  preaching,  praying  and  singing, 
and  even  take  part  therein  ;  and  he  may  par- 
take of  the  ordinances,  so-called  ;  and  yet  not 
be  a  true  worshipper  of  our  Father  in  Heaven 
—  because  he  may  not  submit  himself  to 
spiritual  exercise,  and  may  not  wait  on  the 
Lord  for  the  arising  of  that  Divine  life  and 
power  in  the  soul,  which  only  enables  man  to 
worship  in  spirit  and  in  truth.  It  is  this  Di- 
vine life,  this  holy  anointing  and  influence  of 
the  Spirit,  which  is  the  crown  of  all  assem- 
blies for  worship.  The  vocal  exercises  of  a 
meeting  owe  all  their  spiritual  efficacy  to  this; 
without  its  aid  no  words  however  excellent, 
and  no  outward  performance  however  im- 
pressive, are  anything  more  than  the  mere 
image  or  resemblance  of  true  worship.  It 
was  a  conviction  of  this  truth  that  led  our 
early  Friends  to  speak  of  formal  worship, 
performed  in  the  will  of  man,  as  idolatry — the 


worship  of  images — because  it  substituted  an 
image  for  the  reality  ;  not  an  outward  image 
of  wood,  metal  or  stone,  but  an  intellectual 
performance  without  spiritual  life,  for  true 
and  living  worship.  Therefore,  as  Robert 
Barclay  declares  in  his  Apology,  it  is  to.be 
denied,  rejected  and  separated  from  in  the 
day  of  God's  spiritual  arising. 


SUMMARY  OF  EYENTS. 

United  States.— In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  12tli 
instant,  Senator  Morrill,  from  the  Finance  Committee, 
reported  his  bill  relating  to  the  coinage.  It  is  amended 
so  as  to  appoint  a  Commission  of  five  men  distinguished 
in  the  arts  and  in  the  knowledge  of  metals  and  coinage 
to  investigate  the  whole  system  of  coinage,  with  a  view 
to  its  improvement  in  design  and  execution,  and  to  de- 
termine the  value  of  the  minor  coins.  The  Committee 
struck  out  of  the  bill  that  portion  relating  to  the  metric 
system  and  the  value  of  the  coins. 

The  House  of  Representatives  has  decided  to  make 
the  bill  retiring  the  Trade  dollar  a  special  order  for  3d 
mo.  11th.  A  bill  has  passed  the  same  House,  fixing  at 
one  cent  for  each  four  ounces  the  rate  of  postage  on 
second  class  mail  matter  when  sent  by  persons  other 
than  the  publisher  or  newspaper  agent.  Both  Houses 
have  passed  a  joint  resolution  making  further  appro- 
priation of  $200,000  for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons 
in  the  districts  overflowed  by  the  Ohio  river  and  its 
tributaries. 

The  House  Committee  on  Post-offices  on  the  loth 
instant,  decided  to  report  favorably  a  bill  amending  the 
section  of  the  Revised  Statutes  authorizing  the  Post- 
master General  to  stop  the  delivery  of  registered  mail 
or  money  orders  to  fraudulent  lottery  compmies,  by 
striking  out  the  word  "fraudulent,"  and  thus  including 
all  lottery  companies  in  its  provisions.  A  bill  was  also 
directed  to  be  reported  authorizing  the  payment  of  office 
rent  to  postmasters  of  the  third  class.  Representative 
Willis,  of  Kentucky,  whose  bill  providing  Federal  aid 
to  education  is  under  consideration  in  the  Education 
Committee,  has  prepared  a  statement  showing  that 
"illiteracy  holds  the  balance  of  power  in  fourteen  of 
the  Northern  and  all  the  Southern  States."  The  state- 
ment says,  among  other  things:  "  In  the  last  Presiden- 
tial contest,  30  of  the  States  of  the  Union,  with  20S 
electoral  votes,  were  again  within  the  domination  of 
sovereigns  who  could  not  read  the  very  charters  of 
their  liberties.  The  majorities  which  they  gave  could 
have  been  overthrown  by  a  combined  vote  of  their  illi- 
terate voters,  even  if  those  majorities  had  been  five 
times  as  great  as  they  were.  In  1876  Tildeu's  majority 
of  the  popular  vole  was  157,394;  in  1880  Garfield's 
majority  was  only  3033.  In  1876,  sixty  of  our  seventy- 
six  Senators,  three-fifths  of  the  whole,  and  259  of  the 
292  Representatives  were  in  the  grasp  of  illiteracy.  In 
1880,  58  of  our  76  Senators,  and  292  of  our  325  Repre- 
sentatives, were  in  States  and  districts  where  illiterate 
voters  held  the  balance  of  the  power." 

Stephenson  and  Taintor,  of  New  York,  Commis- 
sioners of  Immigration,  appeared  on  the  13th,  before 
the  House  Committee  on  Commerce  and  urged  the 
regulation  of  immigration.  They  said  that  "  last  year 
185,000  pauper  immigrants  came  to  Canada,  72,800  of 
whom  came  into  this  country.  At  present  there  is  no 
law  by  which  such  paupers  can  be  returned,  though 
paupers  coming  into  American  ports  may  be  sent 
back."  The  Commissioners  favored  Representative 
Miller's  bill  for  the  appointment  of  Immigration  Com- 
missioners for  New  York,  Boston,  Charleston,  Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore,  New  Orleans,  San  Francisco  and 
Huron.  This  bill  also  provides  that  idiots,  paupers  and 
persons  unable  to  take  care  of  themselves  without  be- 
coming a  public  charge,  and  all  foreign  convicts,  except 
those  convicted  of  political  offences,  upon  arrival  in 
this  country,  shall  be  sent  back  to  the  country  from 
which  they  came."  The  same  day,  Standing  Bear,  a 
Sioux  Chief  from  the  Rosebud  Agency,  called  on  Sec- 
retary Teller  to  know  whether  an  Indian  had  a  right 
to  keep  a  store.  He  was  much  pleased  when  told  he 
could  do  so.  His  son,  a  pupil  at  Carlisle,  acted  as  in- 
terpreter during  the  interview.  Standing  Bear  wears 
a  silver  medal  given  to  his  grandfather  many  years  ago 
by  a  President  of  the  United  States. 

Over  a  billion  and  seventeen  million  dollars  taxes  on 
distilled  spirits  have  been  collected  by  the  Government 
since  1862. 

During  the  quarter  which  ended  on  9th  month  30th 
last,  there  were  disposed  of  9,280,144  acres  of  public 
lands,  at  an  aggregate  price  of  83,426,298.  The  in- 
crease in  acres  of  land  disposed  of,  as  compared  with 


232 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  corresponding  quarter  in  1882,  was  5,636,453,  and 
the  increase  in  receipts  was  $1.-101,680. 

The  total  shipments  from  India  to  all  European 
ports  during  the  past  calendar  vear  amounted  to  114,- 
000,000  bushels,  against  103,000,000  from  the  United 
States.  The  whole  tendency  of  our  present  speculative 
methods  is  to  manipulate  prices  in  our  home  markets 
to  a  point  which  reduces  our  foreign  shipments  to  a 
minimum,  and  at  the  same  time  develops  other  sources 
of  supply  as  competitors. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  has  affirmed  the  de- 
cision of  Judge  Rogers,  of  the  Circuit  Court  at  Chicago, 
declaring  the  constitutionality  of  (lie  Harper  High  Li- 
cense law,  which  imposes  a  uniform  rate  of  $500  for 
alcoholic  liquors  and  $150  for  beer. 

Statistics  show  that  St.  Louis  manufactured  23,000,- 
000  pounds  of  tobacco  last  year — 6,000,000  more  than 
in  1882.  This  places  St.  Louis  ahead  of  all  other  dis- 
tricts in  the  country  in  tobacco  making.  A  most 
enviable  position. 

It  is  announced  that  the  Mexican  Central  Railroad 
will  be  completed   by  3rd  month  15th,  when  there 
be  an  international   railroad  route  from  the  Missouri 
river  to  the  City  of  Mexico, 

The  N.  O.  P.ciyune  says:  "  Within  our  observation 
no  man  of  wealth,  no  man  of  position,  no  man  of  inti 
ence,  has  been  hung  in  this  State.  Such  men  have  been 
accused  of  the  vilest  crimes;  such  men  have  been  proven 
guilty  over  and  over  again.  The  result  is  lawlessnes: 
in  society,  in  business,  in  politics.  We  draw  no  con 
trast,  we  institute  no  comparison.  The  truth  is  that 
here  in  Louisiana  a  man  of  power,  of  whatever  sort 
may  do  as  he  will." 

The  Illinois  Central  and  Michigan  Central  Railroads 
have  finally  perfected  the  purchase  in  Chicago  of  all 
that  portion  of  the  lake  front  between  Randolf  and 
Monroe  streets  east  of  the  east  line  of  Michigan  avenue 
and  to  within  one  inch  of  the  lake  shore,  with  the  pro- 
vision that  this  inch  be  leased  at  a  nominal  sum  to  the 
road  for  999  years,  with  the  privilege  of  renewal,  for 
$800,000. 

Reports  from  Nevada  state  that  the  night  of  the  13th 
instant  was  the  coldest  ever  known  there.  The  ther- 
mometer registered  45  degrees  below  zero. 

The  Ohio  river  at  Cincinnati,  which  on  the  14th 
reached  a  height  of  71  feet,  had  receded  seven  feet  on 
the  18th.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  15th,  the  rear 
portion  of  two  boarding  houses  on  one  of  the  hooded 
districts  tumbled  down,  and  twelve  of  the  occupants  lost 

The  river  is  still  steadily  falling,  but  the  loss  and 
distress  of  many  thousands  of  people  in  its  valley  and 
along  the  tributaries,  is  great.  Liberal  contributions 
are  accumulating  in  Chicago  and  the  Eastern  cities,  as 
well  as  elsewhere.  The  Ohio  Legislature  has  appro- 
priated $200,000  for  the  relief  of  her  people 


A  serious  I 


prcval 


the  rive 


Arka 


and  is  threatened  in  the  lower  Mississippi. 

On  the  13th  instant,  a  committee  of  the  Public  Build- 
ing Commission  of  Philadelphia  heard  statements  of  a 
delegation  of  members  of  the  Pennsylvania  Peace  So- 
ciety against  placing  at  the  entrance  to  the  new  Public 
Buildings  statues  of  military  heroes. 

There  is  said  to  be  an  unusual  quantity  of  oranges  in 
this  market.  Wholesale  fruit  dealers  sav  the  principal 
market  for  the  trade  in  this  city  is  the"  West,  but  the 
great  Hoods  now  prevailing  on  the  Ohio  and  tributary 
streams  has  put  a  stop  to  shipments  to  all  points  be- 
yond that  stream,  the  railroads,  it  is  said,  refusing  to 
receive  the  fruit. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  379, 
which  was  18  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
12  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  vear. 
Of  the  foregoing  196  were  males,  and  183  females  :  59 
died  of  consumption  ;  39  of  pneumonia;  20  of  scarlet 
fever;  16  of  old  age;  15  of  typhoid  fever  ;  23  of  convul- 
sions ;  11  i,l  apoplexy,  and  11  of  Blight's  disease. 

Markets,  <fec—  U.  S.  4.1's,  registered,  113J;  coupon, 
111.,;  4's,  123;  ;  3's,  102;  eurrency  0's,  129  a  137. 

<  otton  continues  quiet  but  prices  were  unchanged. 
": •' dlingn  are  reported   at   10J  a  11J  cts.  per 
lauds  and  New  Orleans. 
—Standard  white.  8J  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
■is.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 


pound  lo 
Petrol 

and  9.1  a 
Flour 

Sales  of: 

B    SO;     P, 


•s    dull,   but    prices  were    unchanged. 
rels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $5 
nut  family  at  $4.60  a  $4.75;  western 
ditto,  at  $5.25  a  $5  90,  and  patents  at  86  a  $6.75.     Rye 
flour  waa  dull  at  $3.60  per  barrel. 

Grain— Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher.  About,  9500 
bushels  of  red  Bold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  al  $1.14  a 
$1.14.1;  No.  2  at  $1.08  a  $1.14{  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  $1.00.',  per  bushel, 
and  200,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1,07.1  a  $1.09  2d  mo., 


$1.09J  a  $1.09$  3rd  mo.,  $1.11}  a  $1.11$  4th  mo.,  and 
$1.13}  a  $1,131  5th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were  firm: 
11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  59  a  60  cts.  per  bushel,  the 
latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  56  a  58  cts.  for  rejected 
and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  61  a  63 J  cts.  2nd  mo., 
01  j  a  61 J  cts.  3rd  mo.,  62}  a  63  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  63|  a 
63J  cts.  5th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  firmly  held. 
About  10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  42  a  441  cts.  per 
bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  43  a 
45  cts.  2nd  mo.,  43J  a  43A  cts.  3rd  mo.,  432l  a  44  cts. 
4th  mo.,  and  441  a  44J  cts.  5th  mo.  Rye  was  unchanged. 
Small  sales  are  reported  at  65  cts.  per  bushel. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  2d 
mo.  10th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  305  ;  loads  of  si 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  95  cts.  a 
$1.05  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  80  a  95  cts.  per  100  lbs, 
straw,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  and  rather  lower :  2300  head 
arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5  a  7}  cts.  per 
pound,  as  to  condition. 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were  a  fraction 
higher  :  10,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  4  a  6S  cts.,  and 
lambs  at  4$  a  7J  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  dull :  4000  head  sold  at  the  different  yards 
at  9£  a  10|  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— In  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  12th  instant 
the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  introduced  a  resolution,  which 
passed,  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  House,  the  recent 
lamentable  events  in  the  Soudan  were  largely  due  to 
the  vacillating  policy  of  the  Government.  On  the  same 
day,  Sir  Stafford  Northcote  introduced  a  motion  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  censuring  the  Government  policy 
in  Egyptian  affairs,  which  has  been  debated  at  con- 
siderable length. 

Lord  Randolph  Churchill  has  been  elected  President 
of  the  National  Conservative  Union.  This  is  accepted 
as  an  indication  that  he  will  take  the  place  of  Sir  Stafford 
Northcote  as  leader  of  the  Conservative  party  in  the 
House  of  Commons.  Sir  Stafford's  son  and  other  mem- 
bers of  the  Union  threaten  to  secede  from  the  organiza- 
tion. It  is  rumored  that  Sir  Stafford  is  willing  to  take 
a  peerage  and  resign  from  the  Conservative  leadership. 
General  Gordon  believes  that  the  bulk  of  El  Mahdi's 
troops  at  El  Obeid  will  refuse  to  cross  the  Nile.  He 
thinks  that  only  4000,  chieflv  blacks,  will  cross,  and 
that  the  latter  will  desert  El  Mahdi,  if  offered  fair 
terms.  He  consideres  that  it  would  be  an  iniquity  to 
reconquer  the  Soudan  for  the  Khedive,  as  it  would  be 
a  useless  possession  on  account  of  its  deadly  climate. 

General  Gordon  has  had  a  proclamation  posted  at 
Khartoum  and  sent  to  all  the  tribes,  recognizing  El 
Mahdi  as  Sultan  of  Kordofan,  remitting  half  of  the 
taxes  and  placing  no  restriction  on  the  slave  trade.  The 
Arabs  of  Khartoum  express  great  satisfaction.  The 
Timt-s  says  the  proclamation  as  regards  slavery  mean; 
that  his  present  mission  has  nothing  to  do  with  slaves, 
and  not  that  he  desires  to  encourage  slavery. 

Advices  from  Suakim  state  that  Tewtik  Bey  pre- 
ferred death  to  surrender,  blew  up  the  fortifications, 
spiked  the  guns,  and  made  a  sortie.  His  600 
were  all  massacred.  For  two  weeks  they  had  been 
eating  roots  and  tree  leaves.  According  to  the  latest 
reports  only  four  sick  men,  who  were  unable  to  take 
part  in  the  sortie,  the  Cadi  of  Sinkat  and  30  women, 
were  spared  by  the  rebels. 

The  preparations  for  the  war  in  Egypt  which  Eng- 
land is  now  making  indicate  that  the  Government 
anticipates  a  more  serious  campaign  than  a  mere  ex- 
pedition of  relief  to  Tokar.  Besides  ordering  a  flying 
column,  consisting  for  most  part  of  marines,  to  operate 
from  Suakim,  the  Government  has  directed  the  mail 
of  the  expedition  to  operate  from  Trinkitat.  An  im 
mense  transport  train  has  been  collected  at  Cairo  sulli 
cient  to  supply  the  expedition  with  material  for  7000 
troops.  It  is  supposed  that  after  effecting  the  relief  of 
Tokar  the  expedition  will  force  a  road  to  Berber,  so  as 
to  enable  General  Gordon  to  bring  down  the  garrison 
and  fugitives  from  Khartoum.  Between  Ismalia  and 
Suez  more  than  1000  camels  have  been  collected  for  the 
ition. 

i  officially  announced   that  the  subscriptions  re- 
ceived for  the  new  French  loan  are  three  and  a  quarter 
excess  of  the  amount  asked  for  and  that  sub- 
scriptions one  and   two-fifths  in  excess  of  that  amount 
aw  already  been  paid  in. 
The  French   Parliamentary  Committee  on   Initiative 
a  the   13th  considered  lb,-  project  for  the  construction 


nee  to  Englai 

of  Marine,  oppoM- 
ould  be  dangiTo 

necessary  to  obtai 
The  Nord  Dub 

bill  in  regard  lo  1 


ig  that  su 
ml   any 


i,   Mi 


American  Congress  is  calculated  painfully  to  affeel 
Germans  who  have  the  national  interests  at  heart.  The 
sting  of  the  bill  is  palpably  directed  against  Germany 
alone.  Germany  has  always  maintained  a  friendly  dis- 
position towards  America,  and  does  everything  possible 
to  show  her  friendship.  This  sudden  anti-German 
attitude  on  the  part  of  America  excites  in  us  regret 
and  astonishment.  We  do  not  assume  that  American 
statesmen  are  disposed  to  entertain  the  opinion  that 
Germany  can  be  induced  by  reprisals  or  threats  to 
rescind  measures  enforced  in  the  interest  of  public 
health.  An  independent  Government  can  only  reply 
to  any  attempt  at  intimidation  by  counter-reprisals  con- 
sisting in  increased  customs  duties,  and  eventually  by 
legal  measures  otherwise  affecting  the  intercourse  of 
the  two  countries." 

The  Bey  of  Tunis  has  given  Roudaire  authority  to 
carry  out  his  scheme  for  transforming  a  portion  of  the 
Desert  of  Sahara  into  an  inland  sea. 

The  tribes  of  Merv  have  taken  the  oath  of  submission 
and  fidelity  to  Russia.  The  German  press  says  this  is 
worse  for  England  than  the  disaster  in  the  Soudan.  It 
comments  upon  the  remarkable  success  of  the  Russian 
policy  in  Central  Asia  and  says  it  is  always  directed 
against  England.  If  the  Russians  should  stand  again 
before  the  walls  of  Constantinople  the  English  would  be 
disabled  from  commanding  them  to  halt,  as  they  did  j 
in  1878.  Russia  will  become  the  immediate  neighbor] 
of  the  British  in  India,  and  will  be  able  at  any  moment 
to  create  disturbance  in  Northern  India.  Now  onlyi 
Afghanistan  is  between  Russia  and  India.  The  frontier! 
tribes  are  always  ready  to  invade  the  ricii  Indian| 
provinces,  if  only  their  rear  is  covered,  and  this  Russia] 
can  now  guarantee. 

It  is  reported  that  a  mass  of  ice  near  the  Caspian  sea, 
upon  which  fifty  fishermen  were  at  work,  was  carried 
out  to  sea.  All  the  fishermen  are  believed  to  have  been! 
drowned. 

Queensland. — Recent  advices  from  Australia  show! 
they  have  been  having  some  phenomenally  hot  weather, 
the  temperature  reaching  106°  in  the  shade. 

The  Queen's  Col  lege  Missionary  Association  of  Kings- 
ton, Ontario,  has  protested  against  raising  money  for 
church  purposes  by  lotteries,  political  elections,  tea 
meetings,  picnics  and  bazaars. 

telegram  from  Arequipa  announces  that  a  wate 
spout  has  caused  immense  damage  in  that  city  and  its 
environs.     The  loss  is  estimated  at  500,000  sols.    S 

persons  were  drowned. 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  CONTRIBUTORS 
TO  THE  ASYLUM. 

A  Stated  Annual  Meeting  of  the  "  Contributors  to  the 
Asylum  for  the  Relief  of  Persons  Deprived  of  the  Use 
of  their  Reason,"  will  be  held  on  Fourth-day,  the  12th! 
of  Third  month,  1S84,  at  3  o'clock,  p.  m.,  at  Arch  Street 
Meeting-house,  Philadelphia. 

Thomas  Scattergood,  Clerk. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 

AT  TUNESSASSA. 

Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to   assi* 

working  the  farm,  and   take  charge  of  the  boys  when 

out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 

HISTORY  AND  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  OF 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
There  being  some  prospect  of  issuing  a  new  edition 
of  the  above  work,  it  is  requested  that  any  person  know- 
ing of  errors  existing  in  former  editions,  will  please 
communicate  them  to  Watson  W.  Dewees,  Westtown, 
Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

Second  mo.  7th,  18S4. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 
Station  on    the   arrival    of  the  9.05  A.  M.  train    fron 
Philadelphia,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  school. 


Died, 


Hackwoodtown,  Camden  Co.,  N.  J.,  8th 
mo.  22d,  L883,  Jacob  Evens,  in  the  79th  year  of  I 
age,  a  member  of  Iladdonlield  Monthly  and  Particular 
Meeting  of  Friends. 

,  28th  of  1st   mo.  1881,  at  her  residence,  near 

Norwich,  Ontario,  Canada,  Bella  B.,  widow  of  Isaac] 


Peckli 
ber  of  N 


Id  vear  of  I 


age,  a  consistent  uieui- 


Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  THIRD  MONTH  1,  1S84. 


NO.    3  0. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,    if  paid    in    advance,   $2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


ed  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  226. J 

In  the  Seventh  month  of  1790,  a  memor- 
able era  commenced  with  me — a  period  of  my 
life  never  to  be  forgotten — Elizabeth  Drinker, 
accompanied  by  Hannah  Yerkes,  both  from 
Philadelphia,  came  to  our  meeting ;  when 
Elizabeth's  testimony  so  affected  my  mind  as 
not  easily  to  be  thrown  off.  To  this  visita- 
tion all  the  faculties  and  energies  of  the  soul 
yielded  in  full  acquiescence ;  Truth,  the  strong- 
est of  all,  gained  the  ascendency,  and  the  hold 
of  the  strong  man  was  wonderfully  shaken. 

She  continued  her  journey,  and  my  mind 
became  exercised  with  fervency  of  desire  to 
faithful  to  what  had  been  and  was  now 
mercifully  opening  my  understanding.  A 
great  and  weighty  concern  attended  me  lest 
I  should  let  go  my  hold  on  that  which  I  had 
received,  while  she  was  gone  eastward.  I 
was  very  desirous  to  see  her  on  her  return, 
nd  to  spend  some  little  time  in  her  company, 
and  it  fell  out  so. 

Said  Friends  returned  next  month,  and 
having  no  man  friend  with  them,  Ebenezer 
Breed,  of  Philadelphia,  a  young  man  and 
Cousin  of  mine,  being  here  on  a  visit  and 
bound  homeward,  we  agreed  to  take  a  horse 
and  chair  and  accompany  tbem  to  a  few  meet- 
ugs.  First  we  rode  to  Bolton,  and  put  up  at 
John  Fry's.  It  was  new  business  to  me,  my 
pursuits  heretofore  laying  altogether  in  an- 
other line;  but  we  made  out  much  better  than 
was  anticipated,  they  depending  on  me  as  a 
guide  who  never  was  that  way  before. 

Next  we  went  to  North  bridge.  At  this 
meeting  Elizabeth  opened  and  enlarged  in  a 
weighty  manner  on  a  subject  from  ancient 
prophecy,  i.  e.,  'My  beloved  hath  a  vineyard 
on  a  very  fruitful  hill,'  &c.  With  me  it  was  an 
edifying  season,  and  not  soon  to  be  forgotten. 
,  "  The  two  succeeding  days  we  were  at  the 
Preparative  Meetings  atUxbridge  and  Smith- 
field  ;  thence  to  Providence,  and  put  up  at 
Moses  Brown's.  After  tarrying  a  day  or  two 
at  that  place,  I  parted  with  a  heavy  heart 
from  those  dear  friends,  and  rode  home  alone. 
The  opportunities  I  had  in  this  journey  were 
a  strength  to  my  mind,  and  gave  courage  to 
pursue  that  more  excellent  way  which  I  had 
already  begun  to  embrace,  and  to  take  up  and 
endure  the  cross  with  resignation  and  humble 
fortitude. 


"The  forepart  of  the  following  month  a' 
...inister  came  to  our  meeting  from  the  State' 
of  Delaware,  whose  testimony  was  of  great' 
use  to  me,  strengthening  my  mind  and  con-! 
firming  it  in  things  already  opened  to  view,  I 
tending  greatly  to  establish  me  in  the  faith  of 
the  gospel.  I  was  encouraged  in  the  use  of i 
the  simple  language  of  thee  and  thou  to  a 
single  person,  which  had  been  long  altogethei 
declined  by  me.  '  It  was  the  Lord's  doing, 
and  marvellous  in  my  eyes.' 

"  The  latter  part  of  the  month  went  to  Fal- 
mouth, in  the  district  of  Maine,  to  attend  our 
Quarterly  Meeting,  at  that  time  held  there. 
My  strength  was  again  renewed,  and  my  faith 
confirmed  in  the  unremitted  pursuit  of  that 
good  thing  which  had  become  in  my  estima-, 
tion  the  chiefest  among  ten  thousand.  But  a 
great  exercise  was  brought  upon  my  mind 
from  being  verjr  sensible  of  the  natural  vola- 
tility of  my  disposition,  prone  to  vanity;  and 
from  having  wandered  far  from  the  Heavenly 
Father's  fold.  My  habits  of  life,  my  associa- 
tions, and  a  combination  of  circumstances  at 
times  looked  insurmountable.  But  being  aw- 
fully humbled  under  a  sense  of  the  sinfulness 
of  sin,  and  that  of  myself  I  could  do  nothing, 
and  believing  Divine  grace  to  be  sufficient  for 
every  good  work  in  the  way  of  God  with  the 
soul,  faith  was  found  sufficient  to  remove 
mountains,  dispel  darkness,  to  give  light  to 
the  soul,  and  to  qualify  for  every  service  and 
for  every  requisition,  and  to  bring  on  its  way 
rejoicing. 

'■■  My  allegiance  was  about  this  time  put  to 
the  test  by  feeling  the  expediency  of  appear- 
ing before  a  vain  world,  with  whose  habits  I 
had  long  mingled,  in  a  plain  dress  as  well  as 
plainness  of  speech.  Such  an  appearance  had 
for  many  years  been  contemptible  in  my  own 
eyes,  as  I  well  knew  it  to  be  in  the  view  of 
my  intimate  acquaintances.  The  natural  pro- 
pensity of  my  mind  to  lightness  and  vanity, 
above  many  of  my  equals,  added  much  to  the 
trial  before  me,  and  great  fear  was  felt  lest  I 
should  not  hold  out.  This  seemed  like  count- 
ing the  cost,  which  wisdom  always  dictates; 
but  every  act  of  obedience  brought  its  own 
reward,  and  faith  gave  strength  from  day  to 
day  to  pursue  the  way  cast  up  for  me  to  walk 
in  ;  which,  though  narrow,  was  blessed,  for  the 
Lord  my  God  sanctified  it  to  me.  By  abid- 
ing faithful  to  every  requisition  of  duty,  as 
made  manifest,  hard  things  were  made  easy, 
and  those  from  whom  reviling  and  ridicule 
were  expected  and  anticipated  with  much 
dread,  would  meet  me  with  kindness  and 
affection.     'It  was  marvellous  in  my  eyes.' 

"In  2nd  month  of  1791,  in  company  with 
several  Friends,  under  appointment  by  the 
Quarterly  Meeting,  I  went  to  Weare  to  visit 
the  Monthly  Meeting  at  that  time  held  there, 
on  an  occasion  of  some  difficulty  among  them. 
Here  I  beheld  and  lamented  a  source  of  great 
weakness  caused  by  some  Friends  being  evi- 
dently governed  by  the  human  will.  It  grieved 
me,  though   it  did  not  damp  my  ardor,  but 


rather  excited  a  zeal  for  perseverance  in  the 
way  of  well-doing,  for  I  saw  clearly  into  the 
ground  of  the  weakness.  The  committee  hav- 
ing so  far  removed  those  obstacles  as  to  effect 
the  design  of  their  appointment,  all  returned 
home." 

"For  the  first  time  attended,  in  the  6th 
month,  our  Yearly  Meeting  held  at  Newport, 
Rhode  Island.  Many  valuable  Friends  from 
abroad  were  at  it,  viz:  Mary  Eidgway  and 
Jane  Watson,  from  Ireland,  Thomas  Scatter- 
good  and  Caleb  Cresson,  from  Philadelphia, 
with  divers  others.  It  was  truly  a  season  of 
instruction  to  my  mind,  tending  to  fasten  upon 
me  what  I  had  already  embraced,  the  love  of 
the  truth  and  of  religious  society  ;  after  the 
close  of  the  meeting  returned  home  with 
satisfaction  in  m}-  own  mind. 

In  the  summer  Thomas  Scattergood  and 
Caleb  Cresson,  with  Mary  Ridgway  and  Jano 
Watson,  came  to  our  meeting,  where  they 
had  the  language  of  sweet  consolation  and 
encouragement  to  hold  out  to  tried  and  exer- 
cised ones,  and  the  rod  of  reproof  to  those 
who  stood  as  stumbling-blocks  in  the  way  of 
tender  minds— a  season  not  soon  to  be  for- 
gotten by  many  who  were  witnesses  to  it. 
The  women  passed  eastward;  the  men  were 
with  us  several  days,  and  attended  our  Pre- 
parative Meeting,  where  Thomas  again  min- 
istered the  word  of  consolation  to  young 
convinced  minds,  many  of  whom  were  pre- 
sent. But  the  current  of  his  testimony  soon 
turned  to  a  different  stale  of  things.  To  some 
among  us  who,  he  said,  were  opposing  the 
progress  of  Truth  ;  he  solemnly  and  emphati- 
cally testified  that  truth  never  would  rise  into 
dominion  until  all  their  heads  were  laid  in  the 
grave  and  the  green  sward  grown  over  them. 
The  testimony  made  very  serious  impression 
on  my  mind. 

"Again  attended  our  Quarterly  Meeting, 
held  at  Falmouth,  in  the  9th  month.  For  the 
year  past  my  mind  had  passed  through  a  sea 
of  trials  known  only  to  myself  and  Him 
whose  forming  hand'  was  laid  heavy  upon 
me,  and  such  as  is  perhaps  experienced  by 
few  in  so  short  time  ;  under  which  prepara- 
tory dispensation  my  soul  was  greatly  re- 
duced. In  the  public  meeting  for  divine  wor- 
ship, my  mind  became  powerfully  impressed 
with  the  necessity  of  addressing  the  people 
there  assembled.  It  was  quite  unexpected  to 
me,  at  least  so  soon,  and  probably  it  was  so 
to  man}'  others,  especially  considering  the 
short  time  from  my  convincement — but  about 
one  year.  The  thought  of  being  so  shortly 
raised  from  the  dust  to  proclaim  the  truth 
publicly  in  the  ears  of  a  large  and  mixed  as- 
semblage of  people,  mostly  strangers,  and  on 
such  an  occasion,  added  seriously  to  the  trial. 
But  as  if  to  silence  all  misapprehensions  and 
human  reasonings,  such  an  evidence  was  given 
as  put  the  matter  beyond  all  doubt  in  my 
mind.  I  could  scarcely,  if  I  did,  conceal  it 
from  those  who  sat  near  me ;  and  no  longer 
'  conferring  with  flesh  and  blood,'  I  yielded 


234 


THE    FRIEND. 


and  expressed  what  was  on  my  mind.  O  the 
love  of  God  that  flowed  in  my  soul  after  this 
small  aet  of  dedication.  Every  obstacle  and 
cloud  was  removed;  and  all  that  was  alive 
within  me  bowed  in  gratitude  and  reverend 
thankfulness  to  Him  whose  mercies  endure 
forever." 


Incidents 


Reflections. 


REGENERATION    THROUGH    SUFFERING. 

When  passing  through  trials  and  affliction 
of  various  kinds,  it  is  a  source  of  comfort  to  the 
Christian  to  remember,  that  "  whom  the  Lord 
loveth,  He  chasteneth  ;  and  scourgeth  every 
son  whom  lie  receiveth."  Exposed  as  w 
are,  in  this  state  of  existence,  to  many  sources 
of  suffering;  we  may  yet  experience  even 
these  bitter  portions  of  our  cup  to  promote 
our  ultimate  good,  if  we  truly  love  and  fear 
God.  Indeed  it  is  nearly  always  through  the 
dispensation  ot  suffering,  that'  we  arc  made 
willing  to  submit  to  the  government  of  Christ. 
John  Richardson  thus  describes  his  own  ex- 
perience in  the  work  of  regeneration  ; 

"  I  now  came  to  witness  that  scripture  to 
be  fulfilled,  which  saith,  that  when  the  Lord's 
judgments  are  in  the  earth,  or  earthly  hearts 
of  men,  the  inhabitants  learn  righteousness. 


wait  upon  Him.  My  heart  was  inflamed  with 
love  towards  Him.  I  had  Seen  a  little  of  his 
comeliness;  He  had  become  the  beloved  of 
my  soul,  the  chiefest  among  ten  thousands  ; 
therefore  I  often  retired  alone,  and  in  pro 
found  reverential  silence,  sought  after  Him, 
and  pressingly  solicited  a  nearer  acquaintance 
with  Him.  But  ile,  knowing  what  was  best 
for  me,  graciously  hid  his  presence  from  me. 
And  though  this  was  a  painful  suspension, 
yet  ]  could  not  be  easj-  to  give  over  seeking 
Him  :  I  still  continued  my  ardent  silent  ap- 
proaches or  waiting.  *  *  Oh  the  mourning 
and  lamentation,  the  distress  and  bitter  weep- 
ing, that  almost  continually  overwhelmed  me 
for  several  months  together,  for  the  want  of 
the  soul-enlivening  presence  of  my  God!  *  * 
O  my  God  !  thou  leddest  me  through  the 
desert,  thou  weanedst  me  from  the  world,  and 
alluredst  me  into  the  wilderness:  there  thou 
didst  hide  thy  face  from   me  for  a  season  ; 


a  gradual  work  and  must  be  accomplished  J 
the  kingdom  of  sin  and  Satan  must  be  de- 
stroyed, before  the  kingdom  of  the  holy  Jesus 
becomes  established  in  the  hearts  of  men. 
The  house  of  Saul  grew  weaker  and  weaker! 
and  the  house  of  David  stronger  and  stronger! 
until  it.  became  established  .-'"so,  in  a  religiousl 
sense,  conversion  is  a  gradual  work  :  the  sin- 
ful nature  declines  through  the  efficacy  of  the. 
Holy  Ghost  and  fire,  which  purges  the  floorji 
of  the  heart,  and  makes  it  a  fit  temple  for  the 
Spirit  of  the  Son  of  God  to  dwell  in." 


,..,,,,        ■!    '"-"  "  '"'    "  °^="»  ,  <<"'"S  a*  a  large  gin  in  a  very  tew  words," 

until  the  longings  of  my  soul  after  thee  were  J  and  I  remembered  a  testimony  she  bore  when 


"  The  memory  of  the  just  is  blessed."  '    ,' 

Upon  reading  the  obituary  concerning  the 
late  deceased  friend  Abigal  \V.  Hall,  it  brought 
to  mind  the  expression  of  William  Penn, 
I' There  is  such  a  thing  as  a  very  small  gift' 
in  a  great  many  words,  and  there  is  such  a 
thing  as  a  large   gift  in   a  very  few  words," 


ntensely  kindled  .'  then  liftedst  thou  up  my 
head,  and  spake  comfortably  to  me  ;  blessed 
be  thy  holy  name  forever!" 

In  another  passage,  the  same  writer  says 


last  in  attendance  at  Ohio  Yearly  Meeti..- 
Addressing  theyoungpeople  in  a  touchingand 
impressive  manner— alluding  to  the  "  little 
idols"  they  had  about  their  persons,  — making 


He  who  becomes  thoroughly  acquainted  wMth1  mention  of  some  of  "them,  wanted  them 
the  corruptions  of  human  nature,  in  its  aliena-  nearly  as  I  remember),  to  be  honest  to  then] 
Hon  lrom  trod,  will  find,  if  ever  true  humilia- 1  selves  and  honest  to  their  Go,!      I  thought  I 


the  Light  1113' 
hurt  and  my  wound,  I  bemoaned  myself  and 
mourned  over  that  just  principle  of 'light  and 
grace  in  me.  which  I  had  pierced  with  my 
sins  and  disobedience;  and  although  that  min- 
istration of  condemnation  was  glorious  in  its 
time,  yet  great  were  my  troubles,  which  hum- 
bled my  mind,  and  made  me  willing  to  deny 
myself  of  everything  which  the  Light  made 
known  in  me  to  be  evil,  I   being  in  great  dis 


ourgeth  every! the  good  old  way."     While  true  religion  at' 


one  that  He  receiveth.  My  soul  rejoiceth 'every  age  is  equally  desirable,  yet  when  we 
and  giveth  God  thanks  for  deep  probations  see  those  far  advanced  in  life's  journey  ex 
aiKl  withdrawing^  of  his  presence;  as  well  as!emplifying  under  infirmities  and  afflictions 
iorthesensibleincomesofhislove.andarisings'the  excellency  of  Divine  grace  which  made 
ot  the  light  of  his  countenance  upon  me."  them  what  they  were,  it  hands  forth  verv 

It  was  this  conviction   that  enabled  him, 'practically  the  invitation,  "Follow  me  as  I 
when  away  from  home  on  a  religious  visit  to!  have  followed  Christ  " 
write  to_  his  wife:   ••Trials  deep  attend  n,e;|      In  view  of  the  blanks  occasioned   bv  the 


0  ,  the  operation  of  devouring  fire,  is  wholly 
tins  is  ,|,o  way  of  deliverance  and  recovery  consumed  and  done  away.  I  feel  the  ho lv 
of  poor  men  out  of  the  fall,  and  the  time  of  fire  often  ,0  burn  in  me  as  an  over J  and [thereto 


ation  of  the  kingdom  to  God's  true 


tl 
Israe 

The  testimony  of  Job  Scott  is  very  similar 
He  had  wandered  far  from  the  fold  of  Christ, 
and  long  done  despite  to  the  Spirit  of  Grace! 
but  when  heyielded  up  his  heart  to  its  govern 
ment,  and  gave  up  in  faithfulness  to  some 
requisitions  which  were  bard  to  obey,  he 
was  rewarded  with  a  sense  of  heavenly  joy, 
"  which,"  be  says,  "sprang  in  my  bosom  as* a 
well  spring  of  living  waters.  And  yet  this 
flow  of  divine  consolation  lasted  not  long  at 
this  time  ;  for  though  I  gave  up  to  whatever 
the  Lord  required  of  me,  yet  as  I  had  so  long 
and  so  stubbornly  rebelled  against  Mini,  He 
saw  meet,  in  his  infinite  wisdom,  soon  to  hide 
his  face  from  me  again,  and  close  me  up  in 
almost  utter  darkness,  which  rendered  m\ 
days  truly  tedious,  and  my  nights  wearisome 


/  abundantly  rejoice ;  for  I  seem  to  have 
hope  at  all  of  uninterrupted  happiness  in  any 
state,  short  of  a  perfect  redemption  from  all 
that  111  any  degree  defiles. 

"O  my  best  beloved  on  earth!  may  thou 
and  I  so  yield  to  that  blest  influence,  which 
we  often  feel,  as  that  no  opposition  may  re- 
main in  me  or  thee  ;  but  feel  conformity  pre- 
vail to  every  sacred  impulse,  which  it  may 
produce.  For  sure  I  am,  there  will  be  a  let 
to  peace,  a  hindrance  of  full  joy  will  still  re- 
main, till  all  within  us  bows,  and  every  rising 
motion  is  restrained,  that  would  an  inde- 
pendent sceptre  sway." 

Samuel  Xeale  in  speaking  of  his  own  ease, 
says:  "The  Lord  was  pleased  to  be  with  me 
contriting  my  spirit,  and  humbling  me  under 
Ins  mighty  hand.  The  mount  of  Esau  was 
still  on  lire,  which  at  limes  was  very  affecting 


to  my  soul.     I  was  fully  convinced  that  Cod  and  bard  to  be  borne;  and  were  it 

was  to  be  known  mwardly,  in   power  and  Divine  hand  that  sustained,  I  could 

great  glory,   by  those  who  obey  Him   and  abode  the  fierceness  of  the  furnace 


ailed  but 
bide  fait  I 


sons  and  daugh-  »s 
ters  among  the  dear  young  people  and  th 
in  the  earlier  walks  of  life,  who,  as  they  arejai 
obedient  unto  Him,  will  become  not  only  the 
chosen  of  the  Lord  ;  and  as  the}' 
Ful,  will  know  a  growth  in  grace, 
jperience  a  preparation  to  fill  the 
gned  for  them  by  the  great  Head 
of  the  Church.  Where  much  is  given  much 
shall  be  required  ;  and  when  we  compare  and 
contrast  our  privileges  and  opportunities  with 
many  abroad  in  the  world,  it  would  be  well 
to  enquire,  are  we  bringing  forth  fruit  an-  I 
swerable  to  the  favors  and  blessings  we  have  | 
received. 

Wo  are  all  stewards  ;  ami  may  wo  so  heed 
the  injunction,  "Occupy  till  I  come,"  that  It 
when  called  upon  to  give  an  account  of  our 
Stewardship,  whether  it  be  in  early,  in  middle, 
or  in  later  life,  we  may,  through  the  unmerit- 
'  '  >ve  and  mercy  of  God  in  Christ  Jesus, 
ve  the  welcome  answer  of  "  Well  done, 
good  and  faithful  servant,  enter  thou  into  the 
joy  of  thy  Lord." 
Ohio,  1st  month,  1884. 


THE    FRIEND. 


235 


The  Charity  Ball. 

Cau  this  be  a  method  for  helping  the  poor 
pproved  by  the  pure  and  holy  One  ?  Are 
hese  the  Lord's  children,  who  thus  join  sin 
osaintl}-  grace  and  call  it  good?  The  world's 
hildren  I  know,  but  who  are  these?  Does 
oixing   sweet    with    bitter    make   good   the 

hole  ?  do  tigs  from  thistles  grow  ? 

The  promoters  and  patrons  of  this  "  ball" 
pa}-  say,  "  we  offend  not,"  yet  does  not  their 
sample  tend  to  crush  the  tenderness  of  con- 
cience  in  some  who  may  be  asking  "  the  way 
o  Zion  with  their  faces  thitherward  ?" 

Dennis  Getchell. 

(Concluded  from  page  228.) 

Upon  his  giving  over  any  expectation  of 
clp  from  physicians  at  the  place  where  he 
ved,  he  concluded  to  embark  for  Boston,  and 
eing  about  to  take  leave  of  his  near  connec- 
ons  and  others,  in  an  opportunity  at  that 
ime  happening,  he  appeared  to  be  much  cou- 
nted ;  but  being  evidently  under  the  refining 
and  of  Divine  power,  which  purifies  from 
ature's  dross  (although  heretofore  he  mostly 
ad  words  at  will)  lie  was  now  so  reduced 
nd  curbed  in  by  an  awful  sense  of  his  own 
Hworthiness,  before  the  Supreme  Judge  of 
be  world,  that  he  said  :  "  Notwithstanding  it 
Joks  very  dark  and  uncertain,  whether  J  shall 
ny  more  ;  yet  I  am  so 
hutup  that  I  cannot  eommunicateanyadvice 
r  instruction  to  tbem  ;  I  can  only  utter  words 


you  see  this  to  be  my  ease,  pray  admonish 
me."  He  often  desired  to  collect  his  family, 
when  friends  came,  saying,  "  I  have  no  oppor- 
tunity of  getting  out  to  meeting,"  upon  which 
occasions  there  appeared  evident  tokens  of 
divine  goodness  being  near. 

At  one  time  while  some  persons  sat  with 
him  at  supper,  he  said  in  a  very  sensible  and 
feeling  manner,  "I  have  often  (when  sitting 
at  meat)  besought  the  Lord  for  more  sub- 
stantial food  than  this,  which  must  perish  ; 
for  the  bread  of  life  which  comes  from  heaven  ; 
and  oh,  may  we  all  be  so  preserved  through 
life,  as  to  meet  in  heaven  ;  there  is  happiness 
without  mixture  and  without  end."  At  an- 
other time,  soon  after  one  had  entered  the 
room  (and  they  being  alone)  he  said  nearly 
as  follows:  "I  have  been  made  sensible  of  the 
nature  of  acceptable  worship,  through  the 
emblem  of  the  flowing  and  ebbing  of  the  tide, 
which  is  by  a  secret  influence  unknown  to 
man  ;  that  as  the  tide  flows  into  rivers,  rivu- 
lets, and  creeks,  and  again  returns  to  the 
ocean,  so  it  is  as  the  love   and   Spirit  of  God 

ws  into  the  mind,  when  reduced  into  pure 
silence,  it  is  in  that  which  returns  to  the  ocean 
of  (love)  that  God  is  acceptably  worshipped, 
and  there  is  no  other  way.  therefore  I  am  con- 


anotber  time,  "  We  are  but  as  children  under- 
age, and  do  not  know  what  is  best  for  us  : 
we  need  a  wise  and  tender  Parent  to  guide 
and  direct  us,  it  is  necessary  that  we  should 
know  on  whom  to  depend  ;  this  keeps  us  poor 
and  begging." 

About  two  minutes  before  his  departure, 
his  brother  asking  him  how  it  was  with  him, 
he  said,  "  my  trust  and  dependence  is  upon  a 
merciful  God." 

Looking  and  Seeing. 

Ruskin  tells  us  that  once,  when  he  was 
talking  about  the  curvilinear  forms  in  a  piece 
of  rock  to  an  academician,  the  latter  replied 
in  a  somewhat  despondent  accent,  "  if  you 
will  look  for  curves,  you  will  see  curves,  if 
you  will  look  for  angles,  you  will  see  angles." 
This  is  a  truth  that  is  exemplified  in  all  our 
experience.  It  seems  a  simple  enough  thing 
to  open  our  eyes  and  see  whatever  is  within 
their  range,  as  it  really  exists.  Yet  the  fact 
that  no  two  people  gain  exactly  the  same  im- 
pression from  the  same  object,  proves  that 
it  is  less  easy  than  it  seems.  Carl  Sehurz 
once  said,  in  a  lecture  on  education,  that  not 
one  person  in  a  thousand   knew  how  to  look 


vinced  that  Friends' principles  are  above  any  at  anything,  and  that  the  eye  required  as 
other  people;  and  my  faith  is  such,  that  those  much  careful  training  in  the  art  of  seeing,  as 
who  are  thus  in  the  fellowship  of  one  spirit,  the  hand  in  manual  employments,  or  the 
feel  the  flowing*  thereof  into  one  another's  mind  in  the  art  of  reasoning, 
minds.  But  oh!  how  have  I  despised  and  There  are,  indeed,  two  factors  always  at 
trampled  on  the  blessed  truth,  through  a  con- work    when    we    look    upon    anything  —  the 


tempt  of  its  small  appearance,  as  others  now  object  itself,  and  the  knowledge  or  interest 
ithout  life:  The  Almighty  hath  shut  my  do;  my  sense  of  the  greatness  of  my  pride  and  ,  we  bring  to  bear  upon  it.  A  group  of  per- 
outb,  and  whether  ever  it  will  please  Dim  rebcllioi 


apen  it  again,  I  know  not ;  and  if  I  am  not 
ored  to  speak  in  the  life,  I  must  leave  them 
/ithout  a  word,  however  trying." 

Taking  leave,  he  said,  "  Friends,  all  I  can 
ay  is  farewell,"  which  he  uttered  in  a  broken 
Tanner. 

Not  long  after  his  return  from  Boston 
being  also  given  over  by  the  pl^-sicians  there) 
seemed  favored  with  a  sense  of  Divine 
lercy,  in  the  living  hope  of  pardon  and  sal- 
ation  ;  and  many  of  his  relations  and  neigh- 
;ors  being  present,  he  warned  them  to  be- 
ware of  the  pollutions  and  vanities  of  the 
'orld;  and  strongly  advised  them  to  restrain 
leir  families  from  going  out  into  compan}', 
nd  not  to  indulge  their  children  in  frequent- 
ig  places  of  ill  example,  as  he  said  he  had  too 
mch  done  in  his  time;  ho  warned  tbem  in  a 
articular  manner  against  the  pernicious prin- 
iple  of  Deism;  and  also  the  Universalian  prin- 
iple,  as  imbibed  by  many  now-a-days  ;  touch- 
ing a  belief  that  none  are  to  be  perpetually 
unished  after  death,  whatever  their  actions 


is  such,  that  I  think  my  suffering  sons   may   be   watching   the   incoming  of 
light,  and  that  I  shall  have  further  chastise-  certain  vessel.     All   eyes  arc   fixed   intently 
meiit  yet :  though  so  it  is,  in  the  extreme  an-  upon  the  same  point.     One  of  these  persona 
guish  I  am  apt  to  think  it  is  enough."  has,  perhaps,  never  looked  upon  a  ship  be- 

At  another  time  he  said,  "There  was  a  per-  fore,  and  he  sees  only  a  dark  and  marvellous 
son  eame  to  see  me  to-day  (naming  him)  beingobject,  ploughing  its  strange  way  through 
a  man  of  note;  and  another  (being  one  who  the  waves.  Another  is  a  shipbuilder,  and 
had  been  convinced  of  the  truth,  and  gone  he  sees  at  a  glance  its  form,  its  construction, 
from  it)  and  immediately  it  struck  my  mind  its  character  for  strength,  safety  and  speed, 
whether  I  should  not  be  ashamed  of  Christ's  its  capabilities  for  cargo  or  passengers.  An- 
words,  if  an}'  were  given  me  to  speak,  and  other  sees  nothing  of  all  this,  but  strains  his 
through  fear  of  the  shame  of  the  cross,  I  began  eyes  to  discern  a  long  absent  friend  among 
instantly  as  words  were  given;  and  I  have  the  crowd  who  throng  the  deck.  Still  another, 
this  to  say,  truth  will  comfort  the  believers  who  has  laid  a  wager  upon  the  time  when 
and  cause  devils  to  tremble."  And  speaking  she  will  arrive,  sees  only  the  speed  she  is 
of  the  one  above  hinted,  that  was  gone  from  making,  while  others,  absorbed  perhaps  in 
the  truth,  said,  "  he  is  endeavoring  to  patch  far  different  reflections,  gaze  upon  her  with- 
up  something,  but  never  will  obtain  peace  out  consciously  seeing  anything.  What  they 
until  he  returns  to  the  place  from  whence  he  look  for — that  is,  what  they  understand  or 
went  out:  truth  is  over  all,  and  no  substitute  are  interested  in — that  they  see;  the  rest, 
will  answer  in  its  room  ;  many  are  making  to  though  equally  present,  remains  unseen.  How 
themselves  something  thej'  think  looks  like  different  a  waving  field  of  ripe  grain  looks  to 
it,  but  nothing  will  answer  but  the  truth  itself:  the  lover  of  beauty,  who  admires  its  rich 
it  is  over  all  and  the  possession  of  it  will  en-  hues  and  graceful  motion,  and  to  the  farmer 


nay  have  been  in  life,  "this,"  said  he,  "hasalable   a    man    to  forsake    all.     Ten  thousand  who  will  thrust  his  sickle  into  it  on  the  mor- 

"  worlds,  one  upon  the  back  of  another,  would  row  !  Or  avast  manufactory  to  its  proprietor 
be  no  inducement  to  me,  to  live  as  I  have  and  to  a  casual  passer- by  ;  or  a  human  face 
lived  ;  in  the  world  is  pollution,  yea,  there  is 'to  a  beloved  friend  and  to  an  utter  stranger! 
poison  in  every  vein  of  it."  Still  more  do  we  see  in  people,  just  what 

we  look  for.  Do  we  not  always  find  some- 
thing to  criticise  or  to  ridicule  in  those  wo 
do  not  like,  and  something  to  admire  and 
praise  in  those  to  whom  we  are  attached? 
Those  who  have  a  fault-finding  spirit  can 
find  flaws  to  pick  in  abundance,  and  those 
who  prefer  to  dwell  on  excellences  and  virtues 
can  always  be  gratified.  The  same  individual 
will  sometimes  be  judged  in  utterly  different 
ways  by  two  persons  who  view  him  from 
different  standpoints.  Prejudice  will  be  sure 
to  find  just  those  qualities  that  strengthen 
her  preconceived  ideas,  and  the  closer  the 


lency  to  induce  people  to  think  light  of 
od's  attributes,  mercy  and  judgment;  to 
chich  principle  I  had  given  too  much  atten- 
ion,  to  the  scattering  of  my  own  mind  from 
he  pure  principle  of  truth;  oh,  beware  of  its 
tions,  whereby  many  I  fear  are  capti- 
to  the  ruin  of  their  poor  immortal 
with  much  more  to  the  same  purpose. 
U  another  time  he  said  in  substance  thus, 
Words  do  not  seem  to  me  as  once  they  did  ; 
often  feel  shut  up,  and  cannot  say  a  word; 
omc  people  come  in,  and  think  they  must  do 
omething;  and  so  without  life  (or  with  un- 
anctified  lips)  speak  of  things  they  have  only 
ieard  with  their  (outward)  ears ;  but  it  is  a 
'Urden  to  me  :  at  other  times  I  feel  such  open 


At  another  time  he  said,  "  Oh  !  that  a  search 
may  go  through  the  churches,  and  none  be 
contented  with  a  name,  and  in  the  end  be  dis- 
appointed." At  another  time  he  said,  "  The 
help  of  man  is  vain,  yea,  even  though  they 
were  princes ;  my  trust  and  dependence  is 
only  on  God,  who  hath  power  and  can  help  ; 
I  am  waiting  in  hopes,  that  in  his  own  time 
He  will  arise  for  my  help,  which  will  be  the 
best  time  :  He  is  just,  and  if  He  should  cast 
me  off  forever,  I  feel  nothing  in  me  that  can 
say,  what  dost  thou?     If  1  perish,  it  shall  be 


that  I  fear  I  shall  exceed  my  bounds ;  if  at  the  feet  of  his  power,  begging  mercy."    At 


236 


THE    FRIEND. 


investigation  the  more  prominent  do  they 
appear.  So  with  life  itself.  The  gloomy  see 
dark  clouds  and  gathering  storms;  the  bright 
and  cheerful  see  sunshine  and  a  clear  sky. 
The  hopeful  lift  the  veil  of  the  future  and  see 
noble  deeds,  high  enterprises  and  rich  results; 
the  despairing  draw  a  dark  pall  over  it,  and 
dread  to  picture  what  may  be  beyond. 

The  great  mistake,  however,  that  we  make 
is  not.  in  fancying  that  which  is  not  there, 
but  in  supposing  we  have  seen  the  whole.  The 
rocks  have  both  curves  and  angles;  he  who 
discovers  either  is  right,  it  is  oulj-  when  he 
declares  that  they  are  all  curved  or  all  angular 
that  he  is  wrong.  The  forests,  the  lakes,  the 
meadows  have  both  beauty  and  usefulness, 
and  the  artist  who  delights  in  the  one  and  the 
practical  man  who  rejoices  in  the  other  are 
both  right  so  far,  but  when  either  despises 
the  other  for  seeing  what  is  hidden  from  him, 
then  does  he  show  himself  narrow  and  defi- 
cient. So  our  friends  and  our  enemies  are 
many-sided,  and  while  we  ma}'  correctly  see 
parts  of  their  characters  other  parts  are  veiled 
from  us.  Every  one  has  his  virtues  and  his 
vices,  his  excellences  and  his  short-comings, 
and  while  much  that  we  see  in  them  may  be 
actually  there,  there  is  much  more  of  which 
we  never  dream. 

Our  powers  are  limited  ;  no  one  ever  saw 
the  whole  of  anything,  however  simple  it  may 
appear,  and  the  more  complex  the  object  the 
smaller  the  fraction  that  we  behold.  If  we 
but  realize  this  fully  and  acknowledge  it 
candidly  it  will  go  far  towards  dispelling 
prejudice  and  broadening  our  outlook.  This 
power  of  the  mind  to  choose  what  it  will  see 
is  a  valuable  one  if  used  aright.  Though  we 
cannot  see  the  whole  we  may  at  least  look  at 
those  things  that  are  the  most  needful  for 
our  work  or  the  most  desirable  in  themselves. 
Especially  should  we  use  this  power  of  selec- 
tion to  dwell  upon  the  good  rather  than  the 
evil,  on  the  bright  side  of  life  rather  than  the 
dark  side.  Thus  used  and  controlled,  this 
faculty  may  be  the  means  of  enlarging  our 
perceptions  and  enriching  our  lives;  and 
while  we  may  never  he  able  to  attain  a  per- 
fect vision,  we  shall  continually  add  to  it, 
and  find  that  each  new  stand-point  affords  a 
better  idea  of  the  unity  and  harmony  that 
characterizes  the  whole. — Public  Ledger. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  following  is  part  of  a  business  commu- 
nication received  by  a  Friend  of  this  city  from 
a  judge  in  one  of  our  courts.  The  reference 
with  which  it  commences  is  to  the  Charity 
Ball,  as  a  means  of  procuring  funds  for  chari- 
table institutions. 

"  I  have  never  approved  of  such  and  similar 
methods  of  raising  money.  The  setting  apart 
the  proceeds  for  charitable  objects,  does  not 
help  it.     The  end  does  not  justify  the  means. 

"They  are  on  a  par  with  fairs  where  raf- 
fling and  other  games  of  chance  are  resorted 
to,  and  which  I  have  said  from  the  Bench  are 
a  species  of  illegal  lotteries." 

Every  one  engaged  in  business  should  be 
very  jealous  of  his  scanty  leisure,  that  he 
may  not  omit  to  employ  some  of  it  in  Ids 
daily  duties  to  his  Maker,  and  in  the  con- 
stant cultivation  of  that  holy  frame  of  mind, 
which  it  is  the  slow,  though  sure,  tendency 
of  the  spirit  of  the  world,  silently  to  counter- 
act.— Jno.  Barclay. 


SUNDRY  WORTHIES. 

Not  in  ourselves  confiding,  let  us  march 

To  victory  sure, 
And  against  evil,  undisguised  or  arch, 

Fight  and  endure. 

Thus  Bunyan,  Carey,  Brainerd,  Wilberforce, 

And  Hannah  More, 
Who  patiently  pursued  their  Christian  course 

'Mid  conllict  sore. 

Say,  did  not  Oberlin  and  Ncft',  with  aim 

Sustained  and  high, 
Each  in  his  sphere  earth's  moral  wastes  reclaim 

Exertively  ? 

Of  Madeley's  Fletcher  and  his  prayerful  wife 

Let  this  suffice  : 
Good  was  their  teaching,  sweet  their  stainless  life, 

Sage  their  advice. 

Mark  how  the  meek  Tersteegen  kept  in  view 
Unselfish  ends; 

How  Barclay,  Shillitoe,  and  not  a  few- 
Less  noted  Friends. 

From  Etienne  de  Grellet's  anointed  lips 

What  words  of  cheer 
Announced  to  souls  immersed  in  cold  eclipse 

Warm  sunshine  near  ! 

To  Christine  Alsop  be  this  tribute  paid ; 

She  loved  her  kind, 
And  on  the  altar  of  her  Saviour  laid 

Will,  heart,  and  mind. 

Radiant  with  peace.  Priscilla  Gurney  walked  ; 

Its  genial  air 
So  compassed  her,  that  all  with  whom  she  talked 

Inhaled  a  share.* 

Touching  the  Fox  (Penjerrickl  family, 

'T  was  theirs  to  show 
That  on  the  fitly  cultured  Quaker  tree 

Fair  fruit  will  grow. 

Shall  not  the  brothers  AVesley  find  a  place 

In  this  my  strain  ? 
And  Whitefield,  whom  his  country's  narrow  space 

Could  not  contain  ? 

Nor  must  John  Woolman  pass  unnoticed  here, 

Of  whom  we  read 
That  for  oppression  ruthlessly  severe 

His  heart  would  bleed. 

(Thomas-a-Kempis  and  J.  W.  saw — 

Taught  in  one  school — 
That  "  love  is  the  fulfilling  of  the  law," 

Both  test  and  rule. 

A  lesson  Fenelon  was  prompt  to  learn, 

And  Lady  Guion  ; 
Watchfully  diligent,  they  sought  to  turn 

Seekers  to  Zion.) 

Good  Peter  Bedford !  some,  grown  old  like  me, 

Their  youthful  days 
Retracing,  bless  thy  cherished  memory 

With  no  scant  praise. 

And  who  to  Joseph  Sturges'  bright  career 

Can  turn  in  thought, 
Nor  feel  persuaded  that  in  godly  fear 

His  works  were  wrought? 

What  indefatigable  zeal  appears 

In  Titus  Coan, 
Who  to  Hawaii's  sons  for  fifty  years 

Made  Jesus  known  ! 

And  then  there's  Frances  Ridley  Havergal, 

Whose  prose  and  verse 
And  faithful  walk  our  wandering  steps  recall, 

Our  doubts  disperse. 

These  went  whore  duty  led.     But  time  and  scope 

Would  fail  to  tell 
Of  those  who  for  the  Truth,  in  quenchless  hope, 


Have  labored  well. 


*  This    was    tl 
Thos.  F.  Buxton 


Thomson  Sharp. 
ic    testimony    of    her    brother-in-law 


For  "  The  Friend.' 

SUNRISE  AND  SUNSET. 
12th  mo.  1883. 
With  what  new  glory  enters  in  the  day ! 
What  wondrous  alchemy  hath  mixed  the  tints 
That  flame  in  splendor  up  the  eastern  sky, 
Bright  herald  of  the  dawn?     Night's  ebon  brow 
Wears  now  the  stain  of  an  unwonted  flush 
Long  ere  the  stars  retire,  whose  pure,  clear  beams      || 
Send  their  bright  arrows  thro'  the  frosty  air, 
Till  lost  in  the  effulgence  of  the  morn, 
That  from  horizon  to  horizen  spreads, 
And  bathes  the  zenith  in  its  matchless  glow. 

And  when  the  day  is  passing  to  its  rest — 
Another  drop  in  that  unfathomed  sea 
Whose  wavelets  break  upon  an  unknown  shore — 
What  perfect  radiance  on  its  passage  waits  ; 
What  changing  brilliance  of  the  hues  that  make 
Our  sunsets  rival  the  Italian  skies  ! 
A  pale,  clear  amher  overspreads  the  blue, 
Then  slowly  deepens  until  all  the  west 
Seems  to  our  gaze  a  wall  of  burning  gold, 
Thro'  which  the  mild  rays  of  the  evening  star 
Shine  like  a  diamond,  and  the  crescent  moon 
Hangs  as  a  shadow  in  the  gorgeous  sky. 
Awhile  the  dazzling  pageantry  remains, 
Flooding  the  earth  with  beauty,  and  anon 
Becomes  a  crimson  of  the  deepest  dye, 
That  lingers  long  upon  the  world,  and  flings 
Its  blood-red  banner  in  the  face  of  night. 
Arise,  oh  !  science,  and  expound  us  now 
This  glorious  wonder  of  our  latter  age; 
Bring  forth  thy  hints  of  meteoric  dust, 
Or  ashes  still  from  far  volcanoes  blown. 
Tell  us  thy  theories  of  earth  and  sky, 
Argue  from  known  unto  an  unknown  law — 
And  yet  thy  power  all  impotent  remains, 
And  reason's  light  is  baffled  in  its  search. 
Enough,  that  He  who  guides  the  universe, 
Who  pours  the  waters  from  his  hollow  hand, 
And  shapes  the  smallest  destiny  of  man, 
Hath,  in  the  richness  of  his  boundless  love, 
An  added  beauty  given  to  the  world. 

The  Testing  of  Character. 

There  are  thousands  of  people  who  plume 
themselves  upon  never  having  committed  thif 
or  that  form  of  evil,  when  they  ought  rathei 
to  thank  God  that  they  never  had  either  the 
power  or  the  opportunity  to  sin  in  that  par 
ticular  way.  There  are  thousands  of  mer 
who  stand  to-day  happy  in  their  simple  in- 
tegrity, to  whom  the  opening  of  new  oppor 
tunities,  or  the  enlargement  of  their  power 
would  bring  temptation,  transgression,  anc 
disgrace. 

There  is  no  testing  of  character  like  the 
testing  which  comes  with  the  possession  o: 
power.  No  man  knows,  or  shows,  all  that  if 
in  him,  until  he  has  the  power  to  do  with  im 
punity  whatever  he  pleases.  Plato,  in  the 
Republic,  questions  whether,  if  a  just  mar 
possessed  the  ring  of  Gj'ges,  and  could  go  ir 
and  out  among  men  unseen  of  them,  doing 
whatever  he  chose,  and  taking  whatever  he 
wished,  still  continuing  invisible, — whethei 
hisjustice  could  bearthestrain  of  such  tempta 
tion  ;  and  be  even  suggests  that  men  an 
usually  just  from  compulsion,  rather  thai; 
from  choice.  And  there  is  a  certain  amounl 
of  truth  in  the  suggestion  ;  for  human  nature 
fenced  in  as  it  is  by  social  custom  and  by  religi 
ous  law,  often  breaks  out  into  such  wanton- 
ness of  wickedness,  as  to  give  us  reason  tc 
ask  ourselves  what  the  result  would  bo  i: 
there  were  no  restraints  to  prevent,  and  nc 
laws  to  regulate,  the  exercise  of  man's  wile 
will.  We  see  men  who  have  been  trained 
from  their  youth  up,  to  self-restraint  and  self 
denial,  thrown  down  from  their  integrity 
through  the  increased  temptation  which  comes 
of  increased  power  ;  and  wo  wonder  if  they — 
the  strong  and  the  wise — have  fallen,  intc 
what  depths  of  wickedness  would  the  weak 


THE    FRIEND. 


237 


nd  self-indulgent  have  gunk,  if  the  same  irre- 
ponsible  power  had  been  given  to  them. 

The  truth  is  that  we  are  liable  to  congratu- 
ate  ourselves  that  we  are  above  some  par- 
icular  form  of  temptation,  when  in  reality 
Ive  are  below  it ;  and  often  we  only  need  to  be 
ifted  into  a  higher  region  of  capability  and 
opportunity,  to~find  ourselves  struggling  for 
■ur  lives  with  the  very  temptation  from 
vhieh  we  had  judged  ourselves  to  be  most  safe, 
iueh  of  what  we  call  virtue  in  ourselves  and 
'ithers,  can  be  called  so  only  by  courtesy  ;  for 
hat  which  is  guiltless  simply  because  it  never 
las  had  the  chance  or  the  power  of  trans- 
gression, may  be  innocence  —  the  untried 
>urity  which  has  committed  no  wrong, — but 
t  is  not  virtue,  the  strength  which  knows 
ts  own  weakness,  and  which  has  fought  and 
onquered. 

Every  increased  opportunity  or  capability 
or  good,  brings  increased  opportunity  and 
capability  for  evil.  The  village  fool  who  stood 
>eneath  the  scaffold  where  a  convicted  forger 
vas  hanging,  was  not  wholly  wrong  when  he 
iried,  "  Friends,  ye  see  what  learning  does." 
Che  knowledge  which  gave  the  hapless  crimi- 
lal  the  power  to  read  and  write  and  calculate, 
dso  increased  his  power  for  evil,  and  gave 
>ccasion  for  him  to  become  a  notorious  forger, 
vhen  me  might  otherwise  have  lived  and 
lied  a  petty  pilferer.  Every  new  power, 
lowever  gained,  calls  the  character  to  a  new 
testing,  and  one  may  win  and  possess  the 
lighest  power  for  which  men  strive,  and  yet, 
)y  the  very  possession  of  that  power,  become 
)nly — 

"  A  sinful  soul,  possessed  of  many  gifts; 
A  spacious  ganlen,  full  of  flowering  weeds, 
A  glorious  devil,  large  in  heart  and  brain," 
'or  human   nature  gives  no  guarantee  that 
aigh  powers  will  not  be  prostituted  to  base 
purposes,  or  that  the  weapons  which  society 
,ias  forged  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  indi- 
viduals   for   her   own    defence,  may   not    be 
purned  against  her. 

Nor  is  this  peril  to  the  character  associated 
solely  with  the  possession  of  a  particular 
iind  of  power.  It  belongs  to  acquirements 
bf  every  class.  It  comes  with  the  possession 
of  material  wealth.  "Money  will  do  any- 
thing," says  the  popular  proverb  ;  and  one  of 
(.he  peculiar  dangers  of  the  wealthy  is  that 
fihey  are  tempted  into  forbidden  places  to 
which  their  wealth  serves  as  the  golden  key. 
[This  peril  comes  with  intellectual  power. 
Who  is  so  exposed  to  the  temptation  to  turn 
aside  from  the  narrow  and  strait  path,  as  the 
man  whose  brain  is  clear  enough  to  see  how  by 
a  little  unscrupulousness — by  a  little  lowering 
pf  his  standard,  he  may  "  make  the  most  of 
himself."  from  a  worldby  point  of  view?  And 
this  peril  comes  with  the  possession  of  even 
spiritual  power.  Wherever  the  place  of  spi- 
ritual privilege  is,  there  is  the  place  of  spiritual 
temptation.  "The  Jewish  tradition  which  de- 
clares that  it  was  the  highest  of  angels,  who 
fell  from  his  first  estate,  and  became  Satan, 
receives  sad  confirmation  when  we  contem- 
plate the  history  of  the  Church,  and  see  how 
frequently  the  highest  have  fallen,  and  how 
the  first  have  become  the  last.  And  we  know 
that  our  Lord's  sharpest  rebukes  were  spoken 
to  the  religious  leaders  and  the  literary  men 
of  his  day — the  classes  which  best  knew  the 
revealed  will  of  the  Lord,  and  by  whom  the 
power  which  came  of  that  knowledge  had 
been  degraded  to  serve  personal  ambition  and 
personal  greed. 


No  man  is  quite  free  from  the  temptation 
to  imagine  that  an  increase  of  power  and  op- 
portunity would  make  it  easier  for  him  to 
live  an  upright  life.  Few  have  that  knowl- 
edge of  self  which  forbids  them  to  thrust  forth 
their  hands  for  the  Master's  cup,  and  to  pro- 
claim their  own  ability  to  drink  of  it.  There 
is  a  general  forgetfulness  of  the  fact  that  the 
brighter  the  light  in  which  a  man  stands,  the 
deeper  is  the  shadow  that  he  casts  ;  and  that 
the  more  a  man  gains,  the  greater  the  burden 
which  he  has  to  cany.  The  man  who  stands 
at  the  top  of  the  cliff  sees  farther  and  more 
clearly  than  the  man  at  its  foot ;  but  his 
chances  of  falling  are  also  vastly  greater. 

No,  no  !  what  is  wanted  in  the  lives  of 
most  of  us  is  not  more  power  and  larger  op- 
portunities, but  the  more  faithful  use  of  the 
power  and  the  opportunities  which  we  have, 
and  more  gratitude  to  God  because  he  has 
not  called  us  to  the  possession  of  powers 
which  we  could  not  control  and  to  the  facing 
of  opportunities  which  might  be,  for  us.  by- 
ways from  the  way  of  life  to  the  gate  of  hell. 
If  God  has  not  given  us  great  powers,  Ik- 
has  not  given  us  the  heavier  responsibilities 
which  these  bring  with  them  ;  it  may  be  that 
the  hand  of  Mercy  is  holding  back  from  us 
the  talents  and  the  opportunities  which  we 
covet,  but  which,  committed  to  our  frail  bark, 
would  swamp  our  tiny  vessel.  The  man  who 
possesses  much  material  wealth,  the  man  of 
genius,  the  man  who  occupies  a  place  of  high 
spiritual  responsibility,  is  a  man  to  be  warned, 
to  be  encouraged,  to  be  prayed  for,  rather 
than  a  man  to  be  envied.  We  ought  not  pre- 
sumptuously  to  demand  that  these  powers 


so  often  before.  And  so  on,  all  through  the 
day,  until  her  latest  puzzle  of  mind  toward 
the  dead  of  the  night,  whether  she  ought  now 
to  give  up  and  go  to  bed  for  needed  rest,  or 
do  just  one  or  two  more  items  of  called-for 
mending:  or,  perhaps,  write  that  long-post- 
poned letter  to  a  sister  or  friend  ("  which  she 
will  never  find  time  to  answer,  unless  she 
takes  the  time").  It  is  not  a  question  of  her 
convenience,  or  her  personal  preference,  at 
any  one  of  these  points,  that  perplexes  her  ;  it 
is  only  the  question  of  duty,  or  a  question  be- 
tween duties  which  seem  in  hopeless  conflict. 

And  as  it  is  with  the  wife  and  mother  in 
her  home-round,  so  it  is  with  the  business 
man  is  his  office  or  outside  work.  A  half- 
dozen  things,  or  a  score,  seem  pressing  him 
alike  for  instant  attention.  He  is  willing  to 
do  any  one  of  them.  He  is  anxious  to  do 
first,  or  only,  that  which  is  most  important. 
Duty-doing  is  his  aim  ;  but  what  is  his  duty 
just  now  ?  Here  are  letters  to  bo  answered  ; 
here  are  new  ones  yet  unread.  Fresh  di- 
rections must  be  given  to  men  whom  he  set 
at  work  yesterday  ;  new  work  must  be  found 
for  men  who  have  finished  their  old  tasks; 
other  men  are  waiting  to  beset  at  work.  More- 
over, he  must  have  time  to  look  into  a  matter 
of  large  importance  which  is  to  be  decided 
upon  now  if  ever  ;  and  just  at  this  juncture  a 
caller  comes  in  whom  he  cannot  think  it  right 
to  refuse  to  see.  Oh,  this  perplexing  tangle 
of  duties  in  seeming  conflict!  This  is  the 
most  serious  difficulty  of  many  a  business  man. 

Again,  the  puzzle  is  between  household  and 
business  duties,  and  duties  more  specifically 
religious;  or  between  different  religious  duties. 


hall  also  be  ours  ;  in  this,  as  in  aught  else, lit  is  not  always  clear,  whether  the  duty  of 
we  ought  rather  to  pray,  "Lead  us  not  into  J  church-going,  or  the  duty  of  household  watch- 
temptation."  And  if,  on  the  other  hand,  it  ing,  has  the  preference  for  this  particular 
be  God's  will  to  call  us  to  higher  possession  day.  Who  can  say  whether  or  not  a  business 
and  greater  power,  our  duty  is  to  accept  his  man  ought  to  leave  his  business,  at  a  critical 
decision  cheerfully,  not  shrinking  from  the  juncture  in  that  business,  in  order  to  attend  an 
greater  perils  which  that  implies,  knowing  invited  conference  over  an  important  church 
that  He  who  gives  the  greater  responsibility  work,  or  to  visit  a  family  in  pressing  need,  or 
will  not  refuse'to  give  with  it  his  all-sufficient  to  go  to  a  neighbor's  funeral  ? 
grace;  and  that  to  his  every  trusting  child  j  But  there  are  even  graver  troubles  growing 
the  promise  comes,   "As  thy  days,  so  shall  out  of  the  seeming  conflict  of  duties,   than 


tby  strength  be." — S.  S.  Times. 

What  if  Duties  "Seem  to  Conflict  ? 

To  say  that  "duties  never  conflict,"  is  to 
say  that  God  who  directs  our  path  is  never 
confused  in  his  plans,  and  that  lie  never  gives 
us  contradictory  orders.  But  to  say  that 
duties  never  seem  to  conflict,  is  to  say,  that 
wo  can  perceive  in  advance  all  the  details  of 
God's  plan  for  us;  that  we  can  understand 
just  why  we  are  to  do  one  thing  and  not  an- 
other, at  the  present  moment ;  that  it  is  our 
privilege  to  walk  by  sight  and  not  by  faith  : 
moreover,  to  say  this,  is  in  direct  contraven- 
tion of  our  personal  experience,  all  the  way 
along  the  puzzling  paths  of  our  daily  Chris- 
tian life. 

Duties  do  seem  to  conflict :  and  this  seem- 
ing conflict  is  greatest  and  most  trying  to 
those  of  a  sensitive  conscience  and  of  a  simple 
purpose  of  right.  Why,  there  is  nothing 
more  perplexing  to  the  faithful  and  devoted 
mother  and  housewife,  in  herevery-day  round 
of  home  occupations,  than  the  continual  pres- 
sure on  her  to  decide  between  apparent  duties 
in  seeming  conflict.  It  begins  as  soon  as  she 
rises  in  the  morning, — if  indeed  she  doesn't 
have  a  question  before  then,  whether  she 
ought  to  rid  herself  of  an  aching  head  by  an- 
other nap,  or  rise  up  and  battle  the  pain  as 


any  of  these  perplexities  as  to  the  division  of 
time  and  labor,  for  activities  which  are  alike 
important  in  their  several  places.  It  is  when 
one's  duty  to  truth,  or  perhaps  even  to  public 
justice,  is  in  seeming  conflict  with  one's  duty 
to  a  dearly  loved  one,  that  that  conflict  is  ap- 
palling. It  is  when  the  duty  to  give  a  warn- 
ing counsel  or  a  kindly  criticism  at  the  risk 
of  doing  no  good,  but  of  shutting  off  all  hope 
of  public  service  in  that  direction,  stands  over 
against  the  duty  of  refraining  from  all  un- 
necessary disturbance  of  pleasant  relations 
between  one's  self  and  another ;  it  is  when 
the  duty  of  taking  a  stand  for  the  right  seems 
in  conflict  with  the  duly  of  guarding  one's 
influence  for  good  over  those  who  will  bo 
surely  aggrieved  by  this  stand  ;  it  is  when 
the  duty  of  considering  another's  feelings 
confronts  the  duty  of  acting  for  another's  in- 
terests in  spite  of  that  other's  feelings  ;  it  is 
when  the  duty  of  preserving  one's  good  name 
from  the  possibility  of  suspicion  is  face  to 
face  with  the  duty  of  being  faithful  at  every 
risk  to  obligations  which  God  knows  to  be 
rightly  binding,  but  which  all  the  world  about 
one  cannot  know  of  or  understand  ;  it  is  when 
one's  clear  duty  to  one  person  seems  to  be  in 
conflict  with  one's  equally  clear  duty  to  an- 
other person  ;  it  is  when  one's  duty  to  the 
present  is  apparently  irreconcilable  with  one's 


238 


THE    FRIEND. 


duty  to  the  future  ;  it  is  when  there  are  such 
seeming  conflicts  of  duty  as  these  (and  who 
has  not  been  called  to  them?)  that  simple 
duty-doing  appears  to  be  a  task  beyond  one's 
possible  attainment. 

When  the  immediate  duty  is  ascertained, 
it  must  be  recognized  as,  for  the  time  being, 
above  all  else  ;  as  practically  standing  alone, 
the  only  present  duty  of  our  lives.  Then,  we 
must  move  on  in  that  direction,  oven  though 
we  seem  to  be  moving  to  sure  destruction,  or 
to  the  disregard  of  interests  and  of  loved  ones 
dearer  to  us  than  life  itself.  We  may  seem  to 
be  risking  our  influence,  endangering  ourgood 
name,  compromising  our  position,  neglecting 
important  enterprises,  causing  needless  dis- 
comfort to  others,  failing  to  improve  the  great 
opportunities  of  our  life  course,  bringing  dis- 
comfort to  ourselves,  and  yielding  that  which 
it  would  be  a  priceless  privilege  to  enjoy  ; — ■ 
but  there  is  no  proper  alternative  to  us  ;  this 
is  the  one  thing  for  us  to  do.  And,  so  sure  as 
God  is  true,  if  we  do  go  forward  fearlessly,  it 
will  ultimately  be  found  that  the  doing  of 
this  duty  is  perfectly  consistent  with  every 
other  duty  of  our  lives  ;  for  duties  never  con- 
flict, however  they  may  seem  to  do  so. 

Again  we  must  know,  that  God  docs  not 
intend  for  us  to  have  an  easy  time  in  life  ;  to 
see  the  path  of  duty  at  a  glance,  or  to  ascer- 
tain it  without  prayerful  study  under  the 
guidance  oftbe  Holy  Spirit.  Being  bewildered, 
and  groping  on  in  the  darkness,  are  a  part  of 
the  discipline  of  our  earthly  probation.  This 
seeming  conflict  of  duties  in  our  daily  path 
is  no  inconsiderable  element  of  that  suffering 
of  believers,  whereby  they  "fill  up  that  which 
is  behind  of  the  afflictions  of  Christ"  in  their 
flesh.  The  suffering  is  severe,  and  the  be- 
wilderment is  disheartening  : — 

"Yet  courage,  soul !  nor  hold  thy  strength  in  vain, 
In  hope  o'ercome  the  steeps  Cod  set  for  thee. 
For  past  the  Alpine  summits  of  great  pain 
Lieth  thine  Italy." 

And  if  indeed  your  prayer  be  earnest  and 
unfailing,  that  the  Lord  your  God  may  show 
you  the  way  wherein  you  should  walk,  and  the 
thing  that  3-ou  may  do  ;  and  your  promise  be 
sincere  and  heartfelt,  "  whether  it  be  good,  or 
whether  it  be  evil,  we  will  obey  the  voice  of 
the  Lord;" — then,  "though  the  Lord  give 
3'ou  the  bread  of  adversity,  and  the  water  of 
affliction,  yet  .  .  .  thine  ears  shall  hear 
a  word  behind  thee  saying,  "  This  is  the  way, 
walk  ye  in  it.  when  ye  turn  to  the  right 
hand,  and  when  ye  turn  to  the  left,"  in  the 
seeming  conflict  of  duties — which  is  only  a 
seeming. S.  S.  Times. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Introduction  of  Peruvian  Bark.—  The  re- 
turned viceroy  of  Peru,  del  Cinchon,  brought 
homo  with  him  in  1640  a  bark,  which  would, 
be  averred,  cure  intermittent  fever.  The 
doctors  resisted  its  introduction.  In  those 
days  a  religious  element  was  introduced  into 
the  controversy,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
Jesuits  early  hastened  to  obtain  control  over 
the  bark.  They  sold  it  at  a  great  price,  but 
distributed  it  gratuitously  to  their  brother- 
hood and  to  the  poor.  Cardinal  de  Lugo,  the 
head  ot  the  Society,  himself  made  a  journey 
to  France  to  recommend  the  bark  to  Louis 
XIV.  who  was  suffering  from  intermittent 
lever.  The  king  quickly  recovered  his  health, 
anil  from  that  time  the  remedy  became  popu- 
lar in  Catholic  countries,  under  the  name  of 
the  "Cardinal's  powder;"  but  the  Protestants 


shared  in  the  hatred  which  the  orthodox  phy- 
sicians had  vowed  against  it.  This  "Jesuit's 
powder"  seemed  to  some  of  them  to  be  a  new 
poison,  an  invention  of  the  devil  to  be  used  to 
exterminate  all  those  who  were  not  Catholics; 
for  "  what  good  could  be  expected  from  the 
Jesuits?"  The  thing  was  carried  so  far  that 
the  remedy  was  used  without  fear  only  in 
convents  and  the  Jesuitic  schools.  In  Lug- 
land,  however,  the  great  Sydenham,  who  was 
a  man  of  common  sense  in  all  things,  gave  the 
new  remedy  the  powerful  support  of  his  ap- 
proval. The  virtues  of  the  remedy  gradually 
overcome  all  opposition  as  a  new  generation, 
with  minds  unprepossessed,  came  on  to  the 
stage  of  action  ;  and  nearly  at  the  same  time 
the  two  greatest  facts  in  our  knowledge  of 
malarial  diseases  became  recognized,  namely, 
that  they  were  produced  by  soil  emanations, 
and  that  in  Peruvian  bark  there  existed  an 
antidote. 

Fog  Signals  on  the  Sea-coast. — The  bell-buoy 
is  an  iron  buoy  to  which  is  attached  a  300  lb. 
bell,  with  a  grooved  iron  plate  below  it  on 
which  a  cannon  ball  rolls.  As  the  buoy  rolls 
on  the  sea  the  ball  rolls  on  the  plate,  striking 
one  side  of  the  bell  at  each  roll.  This  signal 
is  always  at  work,  and  the  heavier  the  sea 
the  louder  the  sound  of  the  bell.  There  are 
24  of  these  bells  now  in  use  in  this  country, 
one  of  which  is  on  Brown  Shoal,  Delaware 
bay.  They  cost,  with  their  mooring,  not  far 
from  $1000  each. 

The  "  whistling  buoy"  consists  of  an  iron 
pear-shaped  ball,  say  22  feet  in  diameter, 
with  a  tube  20  inches  across  and  40  feet  long 
running  through  it.  The  water  in  the  tube 
acts  as  a  piston  to  draw  in  the  air  through  a 
hole  covered  with  a  retaining  valve,  and  to 
expel  it  through  a  ten-inch  whistle,  making 
a  shrill  moaning  sound  which  can  be  heard 
several  miles.  Its  dimensions  have  recently 
been  reduced  withont  decreasing  its  power. 
As  its  action  depends  on  rough  water,  it  is 
only  used  in  open  water.  They  now  cost, 
with  their  moorings,  about  $1200  each.  There 
are  25  of  them  on  our  coasts,  5  of  which  are  in 
our  immediate  waters.  The  whistling  buoy 
recently  placed  on  the  outer  llatteras  shoal, 
just  off  the  pitch  of  the  cape,  is  of  the  greatest 
use  to  our  coasters. 

The  bell  fog  signal  most  in  use  is  the  bell 
struck  by  machinery  moved  by  clock  work. 
There  are  about  120  of  these  bells.  They 
weigh  from  300  to  3000  pounds  each,  though 
not  many  weigh  more  than  1000  pounds. 

Malarial  Poison. — The  strata  of  air  near 
the  ground  is  always  the  most  noxious  in  ma- 
larial regions.  Hence,  lying  down  on  the 
ground  to  sleep  in  the  open  air  at  night  in 
malarial  regions  is  peculiarly  dangerous.  The 
lower  rooms  of  the  same  house  may  be  un- 
healthy while  the  upper  are  free.  In  all  ma- 
larious countries  and  seasons  the  inhabitants 
of  ground  floors  are  uniformly  affected  in 
greater  proportion  than  those  of  the  upper 
stories.  Deep  ravines  and  ditches  abound  in 
the  malarial  poison. 

Again,  malaria  is  movable  by  the  wind.  It- 
may  thus  he  carried  from  the  spot  where  it 
was  generated,  and  to  other  places  which 
might  else  he  free  from  it  and  healthy.  This 
effect  of  the  wind  may  cause  the  miasmata  to 
roll  up  and  hang  accumulated  upon  the  side 
of  a  hill  toward  which  a  current  of  air  sets 
steadily  from  or  across  a  neighboring  marsh. 
By  this  is  explained  the  prevalence  of  malaria 


on  such  elevatii 


Hill,  West  Hobokcn,  and  Weehawken,  which  II 
overlook  the  Jersey  flats. 

Malaria  may  be  intercepted  by  trees.  In  I1 
no  situation  will  the  poison  be  found  to  be| 
more  intense  than  under  the  foliage  of  a  beltj 
of  trees  toward  which  the  wind  habitually! 
sweeps  the  products  of  a  swampy  or  other-j 
wise  malarial  district.  Dwellings  previously! 
healthy  have  been  made  uninhabitable  by! 
cutting  away  trees,  to  gain  a  wider  view, 
which  until  then  had  served  as  a  protective 
barrier  against  malaria-laden  winds. 

Malaria  is  also  arrested  by  such  frail  obsta-i 
cles  as  fine  gauze  and  mosquito-netting.  This 
is  attested  by  many  writers  and  travellers,      j 

Malaria  is  arrested  and  detained  by  water 
and  watery  vapor.  Malaria-laden  winds  pass- 
ing over  a  comparatively  small  body  of  water 
lose  their  noxious  germs  in  their  transit,  and 
the  evening  and  morning  fogs  which  gather 
over  low  and  moist  districts  are  intensely 
malarial.  Water  thus  impregnated  with  ma- 
larial germs  is  capable  of  inducing  malarious 
disease  in  those  who  drink  of  it,  with  equal 
certainty  as  when  the  poison  is  introduced' 
into  the  system  through  the  lungs. 

Miliaria  is  comparatively  inert  during  the> 
day,  hut  all  malarious  districts  are  much  morei 
dangerous  at  night,  Sa}-s  Watson,  whether 
the  poison  be  then  more  copiously  evolved,  or: 
whether  it  be  merely  condensed  and  concen- 
trated by  the  diminished  temperature,  orii 
whether  the  body  be  at  that  time  more  sus- 
ceptible of  its  influence,  it  certainly  is  most' 
active  and  pernicious  during  the  hours  of 
darkness.  To  sleep  at  night  in  such  places  is- 
almost  to  insure  an  attack  of  the  fever 

Luminous  Paint. — Some  useful  applications 
have  lately  been  made  in  England  of  lumin- 
ous paint  where  it  is  desirable  to  render  ob- 
jects visible  in  the  dark,  such  as  life  and: 
mooring  buoys,  numbers  of  vessels,  danger- 
ous rocks  and  headlands,  a  large  rock  having' 
recently  been  painted.  Perhaps  the  mosnl 
striking  application  is  the  painting  of  the 
mariner's  compass  on  board  ship,  by  which 
means  it  is  rendered  clearly  visible,  and  the 
course  can  be  easily  kept  should  the  lamp 
extinguished. —  [ron  Age. 

Abernethy  on  Correct  Living  vs.  Drugs. — Thej 
Medical  Record  reproduces  an  extract  from* 
the  biography  of  the  late  General  Dix,  by  his? 
son,  Morgan  Dix,  in  which  is  given  an  account;! 
of  an  interview  with  Abernethy,  whom  thet 
general  bad  consulted  for  professional  advice. 
It  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  common  sense 
advice  of  the  illustrious  physician  was  takeni 
in  a  common  sense  way  by  the  patient,  andl 
that  the  result  was  a  ripe  and  robust  old  age, 
(SO  years.)  of  which  the  dyspeptic  youth  oft 
the  general  scarcely  gave  promise.  After 
bearing  a  few  words  of  his  patient's  story, 
Abernethy  cut  him  short,  as  follows:  "You 
must  take  regular  exercise,  as  much  as  you* 
can  bear  without  fatigue,  as  little  medicine  as 
possible,  of  the  simplest  kind,  and  this  only 
when  absolutely  necessary,  and  a  modes"t; 
qu: 


ity 


you  find  by  exponent 
Xo  man,  not  even  a 


3,  of  the  quality  which 
best  to  agree  with  you. 

hysieian,  can  prescribe 
diet  for  another.  'A  stomach  is  a  stomach  ;' 
and  it  is  impossible  for  any  one  to  reason  with 
safety  from  his  own  to  that  of  another  per- 
son. There  are  a  i'Q\\  general  rules  whieh 
any  man  of  common  sense  may  learn  in  a 
week,  such  as  this:  That  rich  food,  high 
seasoning,  kc,  are  injurious.     I   can  say  noi 


ghts  of  Bergen  more  to  you  ;  you  must  go  and  cure  yourself.' 


THE    FRIEND. 


2S9 


Impure  Air  in  a  Mine. — A  curious  and  alarm- 
ng  accident  is  reported  from  one  oi'tbe  Ehg- 
ish  collieries  where  hand  labor  had  been 
uperscded  by  coal-cntting  machinery.  These, 
naebines  are  driven  by  compressed  air  which 
3  conveyed  by  means  of  pipes  from  the  pit's 
nouth,  and  which  after  doing  its  duty  is  dis- 
harged  into  the  workings.  As  a  rule,  this 
isebarge  of  air  would  of  course  help  in  ven- 
lating  a  mine  ;  but  in  the  ease  in  question 
lis  air  became  deteriorated  before  reaching 
he  workers  below  ground.  It  is  thought  the 
ontamination  was  due  to  the  escaping  gases 
•om  heaps  of  refuse  which  were  then  burli- 
ng at  the  pit's  mouth.  However  this  may 
e,  the  fumes  stupefied  a  large  number  ol 
Happily  no  fatal  result  ensued.  — 
'hambers  Journal. 

Items. 

Religious  Movements  in  Russia. —  Among  the 
iwer  classes,  the  "  stundists"  have  had  the  most  in- 
lience  in  awakening  religious  zeal.  They  receive 
lame  from  a  German  word  "  stunde,"  which 
eans  an  "  hour" — an  hour  with  God.  Their  mov 
ent  has  been  compared  to  the  religious  revival  in 
ngland  in  the  time  of  the  Wesleys.  Their  meet- 
appear  to  he  conducted  somewhat  similarly  to 
ose  of  the  Methodists  in  other  countries,  'in- 
resting  incident-  are  related  of  the  reformation  o 
ieves,  drunkards,  dissolute  persons,  and  of  whoh 
mnumities.  When  persecuted,  they  make  no  re 
stance. 

A  somewhat  similar,  but  entirely  distinct  move- 
ent,  is  said  to  be  going  on  in  some  part  of  the 
istocratic  classes;  which  has  been  aided  by  the 
sits  of  Lord  Kadstock,  an  English  preacher,  who 
not  a  clergyman. 

A  Lutheran  Bible  Society  and  a  Bible  Society 
the  National  Church  are  in  successful  operation, 
lie  latter  was  founded  with  the  approbation  of  the 
mperor  Alexander  II.,  and  received  from  him  an 
nual  subscription.  The  Bible  in  Russia  is  widely 
stributed  ;  colporteurs  and  agents  assist,  encour- 
ed  by  many  high  functionaries  and  superior 
icers.     It  is" now  also  being  disseminated  among 

happy  men  and  women  of  Siberia. 
The  evangelistic  movement  in  Riis-ia  has  heen 
emed  of  sufficient  impifrtance  to  inspire  an  article 
the  eminent  French  review,  Recue  des  Deux 
bndes,  in  which  it  is  compared  with  the  labors  of 
rly  reformers. 

Bad  Literature.— Repeated  depredations  upon 

icken  roosts,  and  petty  burglaries  in  houses,  have 

bently  disturbed  the  denizens  of  Stony  Point,  New 

brk,  and  led  to  the  discovery  of  a  combination  of 

for  such  "adventures."     Some  of  them  are  in 

and  others  awaiting  trial.     Their  minds  have 

en  fed  on  the  literature  of  Lime  Novels,  and  some 

the   "Boys'  Papers"   published   in    New  York. 

ne  of  them  had  a  tent  in  the  woods  last  summer, 

d  tried  to  live  as  nearly  like  Indians  as  possible. 

revolvers  were  found  in  the  possession  of  one 

One  evil  result  of  their  performances  was  a 

•ious  shock  to  an  aged  invalid  lady,  into  whose 

juse  they  entered,  which  came  near  terminating 

ally.     This  evil   literature   is  bearing  a  fearful 

rvest  of  ruin  to  young  persons. 

-A  Missionary  Movement. — Horace  Waller  calls 

attention  of  readers  of  the  London  Times  to  the 

itement  of  a  French  paper  that  the  Government 

s  announced  its  intention  henceforth  to  give  an 

portant  place  to  Catholic   missions  in  colonial 

tension,  on  the  ground  that-  the  missionaries  may 

Jider  valuable  service.     H.  Waller  fears  that  this 

gurs  nothing  favorable  to  the  suppression  of  the 

trade  in  Africa.   The  priests  at  Tabora,  on  the 

id  to  Tanganyika  from  Zanzibar,  have  adopted 

;  custom  of  buying  all  the  boys  they  can  pay  for 

mi  Arab  slave-catchers.     Says  Waller: 

These  purchases  are  forthwith  baptized,  and  in 
union  with  others,  I  am  much  mistaken  if  we  shall 
some  day  hear  more  of  them,  when  little  French 
»  are  as  common  in  East  Africa  as  they  appear 
e  to-day  on  the  west  side  of  the  continent. 


_  "But  the  missionaries  complain  that  their  exer- 
tions are  crippled  and  their  bargains  after  all  of  a 
retail  nature.  They  appeal  earnestly  to  their  coun- 
trymen for  more  funds;  they  are  'fishing  with  the 
roil  and  line  only  ;  provide  them  with  nets  and  they 
will  sweep  in  converts  by  shoals.*" 

C.  T.  Wilson,  of  the  Anglican  Mission  in  Uganda, 
quotes  a  friend  as  saying  that  while  in  Kageyi,  at 
the  south  end  of  the  Victoria  Nyanza,  two  French 
priests  passed  through  the  village  on  their  way  to 
Tabora,  with  fifty  boys  whom  they  had  purchased 
in  Uganda.  H.  Waller  asks  how.  "  in  the  name  of 
all  that  is  merciful,  such  darkness  can  have  fallen 
on  our  allies  in  civilization  that  they  will  calmly 
permit  it  to  go  forth  throughout  Central  Africa  that 
a  new  stimulus  is  given  to  the  rapine,  the  niurder- 
ings  and  slaughterings  of  the  slave-preserves;  and 
all  because  a  new  market  and  an  active  demand  has 
sprung  up  at  the  spot  where  Livingstone  and  Stan- 
ley parted,  and  for  the  Christian,  and  in  the  name 
of  the  order  of  Jesus." 


THE    FRIEND. 


THIRD  MONTH  1,  1SS4. 


In  another  part  of  our  columns  will  be 
found  a  well-written  article,  taken  from  one 
of  our  exchange  papers,  which  is  beaded, 
■■  What  if  duties  seem  to  conflict?"  In  this, 
the  ground  is  taken  that  as  all  duties  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  Supreme  Buler  of  the  Universe, 
whose  knowledge  and  wisdom  are  unlimited, 
it  is  impossible  that  two  conflicting  things 
can  be  required  of  anyone  at  the  same  time 
— for  example,  it  cannot  be  the  duty  of  a  per- 
son to  watch  by  the  sick-bed  of  a  patient, 
and  to  be  attending  a  religious  meeting  at  a 
distance,  at  the  same  time."  Yet  it  is  often  the 
case,  that  an  individual  has  to  pass  through 
considerable  exercise  of  mind,  and  endure  a 
season  of  doubt  and  perplexity,  before  a  clear 
judgment  is  arrived  at,  as  to  where  the  true 
place  of  duty  is. 

This  doubt  and  perplexity  are  often  the 
occasional  and  temporary  experience,  even  of 
those  who  are  sincerely  given  up  in  heart  to 
do  tbe  Lord's  will  ;  and  they  have  a  tendency 
to  humble  tbe  mind,  preserve  it  from  pride 
and  self-complacency,  and  lead  it  to  look  to 
the  only  all-sufficient  source  of  wisdom  and 
knowledge. 

Those  who  are  thus  tried  may  find  comfort 
and  encouragement  in  the  following  remarks 
contained  in  one  of  the  letters  of  that  deeply 
experienced  servant  of  the  Lord,  Isaac  Pen- 
ington. 

"  The  enemy  kindles  a  great  distress  in  the 
mind,  by  stirring  up  an  earnest  desire,  and  aj 
sense  of  seeming  necessity  to  know.  When  al 
motion  ariseth.  bow  shall  I  do,  to  know 
whether  it  be  of  God  or  no  ?  For,  if  it  be  of 
God,  it  ought  to  be  obeyed  ;  and  if  it  be  not' 
of  God,  it  ought  to  be  resisted;  but  what 
ball  I  do,  who  cannot  tell  what  it  is?  Ij 
must  of  necessity  fall,  either  into  disobedience 
to  God's  Spirit,  or  into  the  snares  of  the 
enemy.  Thus  the  enemy  raisetb  up  a  strength  I 
in  the  reasoning  part,  even  unanswerable1 
there.  But  what  if  it  be  better  for  thee  at 
present  to  be  darkened  about  those  things, | 
than  as  yet  to  know  ?  Can  that  possibly  be  ? 
will  tbe  strong  reason  readily  say.  Yes,  that: 
t  may,  in  many  respects."  And  he  adds  this 
idvice  :  "Retire  out  of  all  necessities,  aecord- 
ng  to  the  apprehension  of  the  reasoning  mind; 
and  judge  that  only  necessary,  which  God,  in 
his  eternal  wisdom  and  love,  proportions  out1 
unto  us."  I 


Though  the  true  Christian  may  be  left  in 
doubt  for  a  time  as  to  the  real  duty  of  the  day  or 
hour,  yet  his  own  experience,  the  experience 
of  the  saints  in  former  ages,  and  the  Divine 
promises  as  recorded  in  the  H0I3-  Scriptures, 
all  give  him  the  assurance  that  as  he  retains  his 
faith  in  the  Spirit  of  Christ  as  bis  ever-present 
Guide  and  Helper,  and  patiently  waits  for  the 
unfolding  of  his  will,  sufficient  light  will  shine 
upon  his  path  to  enable  him  to  take  one  step 
after  another  in  accordance  with  the  will  of 
the  Lord.  As  tbe  prayerofthc  sweet  Psalmist 
of  Israel  is  raised  in  bis  heart,  "O  send  out 
tby  light  and  thy  truth  :  let  them  lead  me  ;" 
be  will  have  good  hope  that  he  will  in  due 
season  know  the  fulfilment  of  the  declaration 
recorded  by  the  prophet  Isaiah,  -I  will  bring 
the  blind  by  a  way  that  they  know  not ;  I 
will  lead  them  in  paths  that  they  have  not 
known  ;  I  will  make  darkness  light  before 
them,  and  crooked  things  straight." 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  United  States  Senate,  on 
the  21st  nit.,  a  bill  was  passed  which  provides  that  "  any 
person  who  with  intent  to  defraud  shall  falsely  person- 
ate Government  officers  or  employes,  or  receive  any 
valuable  consideration  or  document  by  reason  of  such 
personation,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  felony,  and  on 
conviction  shall  be  fined  not  to  exceed  $1000,  or  im- 
prisonment not  to  exceed  three  years,  or  both,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  court."  On  the  25th,  Senator  Morgan 
introduced  a  joint  resolution,  which  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  declaring  the  lawful- 
ness of  the  occupation  of  the  country  drained  by  the 
Congo  river  and  its  tributaries  by  the  African  Inter- 
national Association.  The  resolution  requests  the  Pre- 
sident to  invite  the  concurrence  of  the  other  Powers  in 
the  recognition  of  the  Association,  and  its  flag.  On  the 
same  day,  Senator  Ransom  ottered  a  joint  resolution  to 
appropriate  $100,000  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by 
the  recent  great  wind-storm  in  the  Southern  States.  He 
said  that  "  over  500  people  were  killed  and  many  thou- 
sands wounded,  and  the  suffering  resulting  from  the 
storm  was  awful."  After  some  discussion  the  resolu- 
tion was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Appropriations. 

The  Senate  Committee  on  Territories  agreed  on  the 
23d,  to  report  a  bill  for  the  admission  of  Southern  Da- 
kota as  a  State. 

Eugene  Schuyler,  our  Minister  to  Greece,  telegraphs 
to  the  State  Department  that  the  prohibition  of  the 
importation  of  American  pork  into  Greece  has  been 
abolished. 

It  is  asserted  in  San  Francisco  that  a  syndicate  of 
prominent  Eastern  California  capitalists,  backed  by  a 
wealthy  German  house,  have  completed  contracts  with 
Hawaiian  sugar  planters  for  their  crop.  It  is  said  an 
immense  sugar  refinery  will  be  built  in  San  Francisco 
in  competition  with  Claus  Spreckels. 

The  Chicago  City  Council  has  passed  an  ordinance 
in  conformity  with  the  "  Harper  bill,"  making  the 
license  for  the  sale  of  spirituous  liquors  $500,  and  for 
malt  liquors  $150.  The  ordinance,  if  approved,  will 
go  into  effect  on  4th  mo.  1st. 

The  latest  reports  of  the  disasters  by  the  tornadoes  in 
Alabama,  Georgia,  the  Carolinas,  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee, on  Third-day  the  19th  ultimo,  indicate  that 
the  losses  of  human  lives  aggregate  nearly  600.  The 
losses  on  property  in  Georgia  and  Alabama  alone  are 
estimated  at  15,000,000.  It  is  estimated  that  the  storm 
destroyed  from  $100,000  to  $120,000  worth  of  property 
within  fifty  miles  of  Evansville,  Indiana.  Within  this 
space  fully  half  the  buildings  were  swept  awav,  and 
60,000  or  70,000  bushels  of  corn  lost. 

The  damage  by  the  floods  in  California  is  estimated 
at  8750,000  in  Los  Angeles  county  alone.  It  is  believed, 
however,  that  the  loss  will  be  more  than  compensated 
by  the  good  done  to  the  wheat  and  fruit  crops  by  the 
rain. 

The  Union  Hotel  block  in  Jackson,  Michigan,  was 
destroyed  by  fire  on  the  morning  of  2nd  month  24th. 
Besides  the  Union  Hotel,  the  block  contained  the  Union 
Hall  Theatre,  the  Jackson  Saving  Bank,  Waldron  & 
Curtis'  drug  store,  C.  M.  Elliott's  grocery  and  N.  H. 
Eckler's  saloon.  Five  frame  buildings  were  also  burned. 
The  total  loss  is  estimated  at  8175,000.  It  is  reported 
that  several  lives  were  lost,  but  only  one  body,  that  of 
a  crippled  soldier,  had  been  recovered  at  last  "accounts. 
Four  persons  were  mortally  injured. 


240 


THE    FRIEND. 


By  an  explosion  of  fire  damp  in  a  coal  mine  at  West  whole  of  Egypt.  They  go  from  village  to  vill 
Leisenring,  near  Uniontown,  Penna.,  on  the  morning  ing  the  simple  message,  "  I  am  coming.  Be 
of  the  20th,  20  men  were  killed.  This  passes  on  from 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  379,  is  becoming  serious, 
which   was   ihe  same  number  as  during  the  previous       President  Gr6vy  has  received  a  telegram  from  the 
■week,   and    21    more  than    during   the  corresponding!  King  of  Armani.     The  king  expresses   the   hope  that 
period    last   year.     Of  the    whole    number,    197    were' the  newly  completed  cable  connecting  Haiphong  with 
males,  and  182  females  :  52  died  of  consumption  ;  25  ofiThuaiian  and  Saigon  will  strengthen  the  friendly  rela- 


pneumonia  ;  15  of  infli 


of  the  brain;  18  of  con-i  tions  existing  between   France  and  Annaui.     He  also 


gebear-  WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL, 

ready  !"       a  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Admissions 
th  to  mouth,  and  the  situation  ]  w;n  be  lielcl  in  the  Committee-room,  Fourth  and  Arch 
Sts.,  on  Seventh-day,  the  15th  inst.,  at  10  o'clock  A.  m. 
Jno.  W.  Biddle,  Clerk. 

A  large  assortment  of  hand-made  underwear  and 
comfortables  is  now  on  hand  at  the  House  of  Industry, 
112   North  Seventh  St.     To  purchasers  for  charitable 


.ma.     hales.il    middling-   :uv   reported   at         1  lie  loiiowing  is  Hie  I.  xt  ot    J'niiee    Ni-atiivkMinii-     .      ,         „      ..      T,   ,.    „    ,.  ,?  „        .       .     ; :;  ------ 

per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. '  niunication  :  Any  recognition  in  a  foreign  country  of  A?>'.ln!H  ["'  "'l'  bvh.\\l . "'  '  ^«»*  l*'''"™1  of  he  Use 
-Standard  white,  8--  a  8.1  cts.  for  export,!  the  personai  pities  of  a  German,  especially  when  "!'"."'  1"'^,;'|1'  »■'  l«  Wld  on  b  our.h-day,  the  2th 
.„   _„n,.„  <•„_  i.„L„  ..:„  r      '..,„.>.    i...  ..„   ;.. „  i.„.i .i.„'tr  ' c  d '»'  J- 1 1 1 1-. i  mi. nth,  l.s.>l,al  .,  o  clock,  r.  M.,  at  Arch  Street 


Meeting-house,  Phi 


Tulsions;  24  of  diphtheria  ;   13  of  marasmus;  13  of  old  trusts  that  the  treaty  will  be  ratified. 

age;  13  of  scarlet  fever,  and  11  of  typhoid  fever.  The  action  of  Prince  Bismarck  in  returning  to  the 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4}'s,  registered,  113;};  coupon,  American  Congress  its  resolution  of  sympathy  at  the 
114$;  4's,  124;  3's,  101  a  102;  currency  6's,  129  a  137.   death  of  Lasker,  intended   for  the  Reichstag,  excites 

Cotton. — There  was  no  essential  change  to  notice  in  much  comment  both  in  Germany  and  America, 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at!  The  following  is  the  text  of  Prince  Bismarck': 
lOJallJcts. 

Petroleum, 
and  9|  a  9}  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use.  j  made  by  so  important  a  body  as  the  House  of  Repre 

Flour  was  quiet,  but  steady,  with  sales  of  1850  bar-  sentatives,  is  gratifying  to  our  National  feelings.  I 
rels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.75  a  §5.75 ;  should  have  gratelully  accepted  the  communication 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  S-4.75;  western  do.  at1  made  by  Minister  Sargent,  and  should  have  asked  the 
$5  a  $5  75,  and  patents  at  SO  a  $6.75.  Rye  flour  was!  Emperor  to  empower  me  to  present  it  to  the  Reichstag, 
dull  at  $3.50  per  barrel.  if  the  resolution  had  not  contained  an  opinion  regard-  i ware  Co->  Penna.,  1st  m 

Grain.— Wheat  was  dull  and  unsettled.     About  8500  ( ing  the  object  and  effect  of  Herr  Lasker's  political  ac-  Swayne,  of  Philadelph 
bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.15  a  |  tivity,  which  was  opposed  to  my  convictions.     Accord- 
Si. 16  ;  No.2at$1.07}  a  $1,151   per  bushel,  the  latter,  ing  to  my  experience  of  the  political  economic  develop- 
rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red   at  $1  per  bushel,   ment  of  the  German   people,  I  cannot  recognize  the 
and  75,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  SI. 07 i  a  §1.0X1  2d  mo., '  opinion  as  one  which  events  I  have  witnessed  would 
$1,081  a  *1-08|  3rd  mo.,  $1.10}  a  $1.10.}  4th  mo.,  and  justify.     1  should  not  venture  to  oppose  my  judgment 
S1.12J  a  $1.12}  5th  mo.     Corn. — Car   lots   were  firm:   to  the  opinion  of  such  an  illustrious  body  as  the  House 
10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60  a  61  cts.  per  bushel,  the  of  Representatives  if  I   bad  not,  by  more  than  thirty 
latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  57  a  60  cts.  for  rejected  years  active  participation  in  the  internal  policy  of  Ger 
and   steamer;   and  sail  mixed  at  60  a  OH  cts.  2nd  mo.,1  many,  gained  an  experience  which  justified  me  in  at 
60J  a  61V  cts.  3rd  mo.,  61   a   62  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  62}  a  taching  a  certain  value  to  my  judgment  in  questions  of 
63  cts.   5th    mo.      Oats.  —  Car   lots   were   unchanged,   home  affairs.     I  cannot  determine  to  ask  the  Emperor 
About  9500  bushels   sold   in   lots  at  41   a  44  cts.  per  for  the  necessary  power  to  communicate  the  resolu 
bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  20,000   bushels  No.   to  the   Reichstag,   because  I  should  have  otticiall 
2  white  at  42  a  43$  cts.  2nd  mo.,  42§  a  43  cts.  3rd  mo.,1  advocate  before  the  Emperor  an  opinion  which  I 
43  a  43}  cts.  4th  mo.,  and  44  a  44}  cts.  5th  mo.   Rye  was  not  recognize  as  correct, 
unchanged.  (     Ayoob  Khan   has  issued  an  address  to  the  Heratees 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  2d  stating  that  he  intends  shortly,  with  the  aid  of  the  Czar, 
mo.  23d,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  363  ;  loads  of  straw,  72.   to  reconquer  Afghanistan. 

Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  al      Earl  Granville,  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
$1.00  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.    has  directed  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  British  Minister 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds.  St.  Petersburg,  to  ask   of  the   Russian  Government  an 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  but  prices  were  a  explanation,  full  and  explicit,  of  their  annexation  of 
fraction  lower:  3000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif-  the  Merv  Oasis.  Minister  Thornton  is  at  the  sam< 
ferent  yards  at  5  a  7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality.  |  time  to  protest  against  this  action  as  a  breach  of  the  as 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  higher:  10,000  head  arrived  surances  given  to  England  by  the  Czar  Alexander 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4}  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs.  Besides  extending  an  English  "protectorate  over  Belo. 
at  5}  a  7|  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality.  ohistan,  the  Government  proposes  to  send  a  military 

Hogs  were  firmly  held  :  4000  head"  arrived  and  sold  commission  to  Herat  to  ascertain  the  exact  boundaries 
at  the  different  yards  at  S  a  10$  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  of  Afghanistan  and  the  condition  of  the  border  and  de- 
condition,  fences.     It  will  be  its  duty  further  to  learn  about  the 

Foreign. — Shortly  after  one  o'clock  on  the  morning  route  between  Sarachs  and  Herat,  Balkh  and  other  dis- 
of  the  26th  ult.,  a  terrible  explosion  occurred  in  a  cloak  I  tricts  of  Northwestern  Afghanistan.  It  is  stated  that 
room  at  the  Victoria  Railway  Station  in  London.  The]  Russia  has  voluntarily  offered  England  a  pledge  to  stop 
explosive  agent  was  undoubtedly  dynamite.  A  large  at  Merv  and  to  use  her  influence  with  the  Khans  of 
portion  of  the  roof  was  blown  off  and  nearly  all  the  Bokhara  and  Khiva  to  facilitate  English  commerce, 
glass  work  in  the  station  was  destroyed.  Seven  men '[  It  is  further  stated  that  the  Russian  Government  has 
were  sent  to  the  hospital  with  severe  injuries.  Exten-j  invited  England  to  join  in  constructing  a  canal  from 
sive  damage  was  done  to  surrounding  property.  |  the  Sea  of  Aral  to  the  Indian  frontier.     The  English 

In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  evening  of  the  19th  j  Agent  at  Cabul  is  negotiating  a  new  treaty  with  the 
ult.,  the  division  was  taken  on  Sir  Stafford  Northcote's  Ameer,  which  proposes  to  give  the  Ameer  further  sub- 
motion  to  censure  the  Government  for  its  policy  in'sidies  than  those  which  he  receives  at  present,  on  con- 
Egypt.  The  motion  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  311  to'dition  of  the  complete  submission  of  foreign  relations 
262.  Charles  Bradlaugh  having  been  re-elected  by  the  to  English  control.  Several  tribes  in  the  neutral  terri- 
constituency  of  Northampton,  to  represent  them  in  tory  between  Russia  and  Afghanistan  have  solicited 
Parliament,  presented  himself  to  take  the  oath.     Sir   Russian  protection. 

Stafford  Northcote  moved  that  the  House  reaffirm  its  The  Ignatieff  Committee,  who  have  been  examining 
previous  resolution  preventing  Bradlaugh  from  taking  into  the  administration  of  Turkestan,  have  detected  a 
the  oath  and  excluding  him  from   the  precincts  of  the  deficiency  of  100,000  roubles  in  the  last  fourteen  years. 

226  to  

ugh  to  AGENT  APPOINTED. 

didso.        David   L.   Frnzier,    Freeman's   Mills,  Guilford  Co., 

•purled    X.  O,  is  appointed  an  Agent  for  "  The  Friend. ' 


distribution,  a  discount  of  10  per  cent,  will  be  allowed. 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  THE  CONTRIBUTORS 
TO  THE  ASYLUM. 

A  Stated  Annual  Meeting  of  the  "  Contributors  to  the 


rch  Street 
elphia. 

Thomas  Scattergood,  Clerk. 


House.     The  resolution  was  finally 

173.     Thereupon   the   Speaker  ordered   Bradlaugh  I 

withdraw.    Bradlaugh  complied,  protesting  a-  hedid  s 

A  Khartoum  despatch  of  2d  inn.  21-1  >av-  ii  is  repork 
thai  El  Mahdi,  with  the  main  body  of  his  army  has  left 
Bara  and  is  marching  on  Khartoum  via  Duem.  Gen. 
Gordon  has  asked  the  Khedive  to  issue  a  decree  con- 
firming the  independence  of  the  Soudan.  The  Porte 
has  warned  the  Khedive  to  maintain  the  integrity  of 
the  Soudan  and  to  give  no  recognition  whatever  to  El 
Mahdi.  The  Khedive's  dilemma  has  given  rise  to  fresh 
rumors  of  his  abdication.  General  Gordon  has  always 
maintained  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  destroy 
slavery  by  operations  in  the  Soudan.  Such  attempts 
only  render  the  slave  traffic  more  difficult,  and,  there- 
fore, more  cruel,  and  was  one  cause  of  perpetual  wars. 

Great  uneasiness  is  felt  in  ( 'aim  at  the  report  that  the 
powerful  Beshareen  Arabs  have  revolted.  They  occupy 
the  territory  between  Khartoum  and  Wady  ll'alfv  and 
eastward  as  far  as  Berber.  If  this  is  true,  General 
Gordon  with  Khartoum  and  the  other  garrison  is  cut 
off".     The  Mahdi's  emissaries  are   busy  throughout  Ihe 


BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  in 
working  the  farm,  and  lake  charge  of  the  boys  when 
out  of  school.  Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penlia. 

HISTORY  AND  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  OF 
WESTTOWN   BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

There  being  some  prospect  of  issuing  a  new  edition 
of  the  above  work,  it  is  requested  that  any  person  know- 
ing of  errors  existing  in  former  editions,  will  please 
communicate  them  to  Watson  W.  Devvees,  Westtown, 
Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


Married,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,   Media,  De 

month  9th,   1884,   William  R. 
and  Hannah  Kirk,  of  the 
former  place. 

,  at  Friends'   Meeting,  Springville,  Linn  Co., 

Iowa,  on  1st  mo.  24th,  1884,   William  P.  Dewees  to 
Elizabeth  R.  Bedell,  both  of  the  same  place. 


Died,  9th  mo.  16th,  1883,  at  her  residence,  Welling- 
ton Co.,  Ontario,  Canada,  Isabella  J.,  wife  of  James 
Kiteley,  aged  45  years,  a  member  of  Peel  Particular, 
and  Youngstreet  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends. 

■ ,  at  her   residence  in   West  Philadelphia,  11th 

mo.  29th,  18S3,  Mary  Ann  Moore,  in  the  82nd  year 
of  her  age,  a  beloved  member  of  Philadelphia  Monthly 
Meeting  for  the  Northern  District.  "  Who  are  these 
arrayed  in  white  robes?"  and  whence  came  they! 
"  These  are  they  which  came  out  of  great  tribulation 
and  have  washed  their  robes  and  made  them  white  in: 
the  blood  of  the  Lamb." 

,  12th  mo  30th,  18S3,  at  the  residence  of  his  son* 

in-law,  Israel  Hoopes,  in  Malta,  Ohio,  William  Todd! 
aged  81  years,  a  member  of  Chesterfield  Monthly  anc 
Particular  Meeting.  He  was  firmly  attached  to  th< 
principles  and  testimonies  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
He  bore  a  protracted  illness  with  patience  and  resigna 
tion,  leaving  to  his  friends  and  relatives  the  comfort 
able  hope  and  trust  that  all  was  well  with  him. 

,  at  her  residence,  near  Pennsville,  Morgan  Co. 

Ohio,  on  the  31st  of  1st  mo.  1884,  Ruth  M.  Kite,  wifi 
of  James  R.  Kite,  aged  47  years,  a  member  of  Penns 
ville  Monthly  and  Particular  Meeting.  She  was  of  i 
meek  and  quiet  spirit,  very  much  attached  to  the  doc 
trines  and  testimonies  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  en 
deavoring  to  live  in  accordance  therewith.  During! 
somewhat  protracted  illness,  she  manifested  a  spirit  O 
resignation  to  the  Divine  will,  though  it  was  a  son 
conflict  to  part  with  her  husband  and  children — bein| 
naturally  of  a  very  affectionate  disposition.  A  shop 
time  before  her  close,  her  children  being  at  her  bedi 
side,  she  said  with  a  pleasant  smile,  "  Mother  has  givel 
you  to  the  dear  Saviour."  Her  friends  and  relative. 
have  the  consoling  belief  that  through  redeeming  lov 
and  mercy  she  has  been  permitted  to  enter  into  ever 
lasting  rest. 

,  at  his  residence  in   Delhi,  Hamilton  Co.,  Ohic 

Second  month  6th,  1884,  Thomas  Kite,  in  the  66tl 
year  of  his  age.  Many  years  an  invalid,  he  patientl,  | 
and  cheerfully  bore  the  deprivations  incident  to  hi' 
situation;  believing  he  was  in  the  loving  hands  of  Hin 
who  doelh  all  things  well.     His  end  was  peace. 

,  at   her   home,  Colora,  Cecil  Co.,   Md.,   on  thl 

10th  ultimo, Catharine  C.  Balderston,  wife  of  Lloy. 
Balderston,  in  the  65th  year  of  her  age,  a  valued  mere  j 
ber   of  New    Garden    Monthly    Meeting.      This   dea 
Friend  submitted  at  an  early  period  to  the  restrain' 
influence  of   Divine  Grace.      When   quite  young 
filled   a  position  as  teacher  in  Friends' Select  Sell 
Philadelphia,  to  the  satisfaction  of  her  employers 
her  pupils;  and  through  life  was  frequently  called  upo 
to  act  a  part  in  the  concerns  of  the  church.     As  a  wil 
and  mother  she  was  a  bright  example  of  loving,  cheei 
fill,  self-sacrilicing  diligence,  and  her  sympathetic  ten 
del  ness  made  her  quick  to  respond   to  the  call  of  sick  it 
ness   and  distress   among   her  neighbors.      Her  LI 


until  near  the  close.  Physical  weakness  then  preclude 
much  conversation,  but  it  was  evident  that  the  cloth: 
of  her  spirit  was  peace.  The  humility  that  charade) 
ized  her  life  was  conspicuous  during  her  sickness,  an 
her  Bufferings  were  borne  with  Christian  suhmissioi 
"  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart,  for  they  shall  see  God. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  THIRD  MONTH  8,  1884. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  62.00  per  annum. 

ubscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116. NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  OP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Euicnjrl    .ts  seonul-eb 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  234.) 

In  the  course  of  the  winter  and  spring  of 
792,  with  others  of  a  committee,  I  visited 
Early  all  the  families  composing  our  Monthly 
leeting.  The  visit  tended  to  harmonize  So- 
siety  hereaway,  and  terminated  to  satisfaction. 

About  this  time  a  fresh  visitation  seemed 

be  extended  towards  the  people  of  this 
own — some  Methodists  came  here,  who  were 
ioon  followed  by  others.  These,  by  their 
forcible  manner  of  preaching,  stirred  up  and 
Itemed  to  awaken  the  minds  of  people  of  diff- 
erent persuasions  to  thoughtfulness.  The 
ninds  of  Friends  being  also  wrought  up  to 
eriousness,  a  general  revival  took  place  about 
religion,  and  considerable  reformation  ensued, 
lo  that  most  of  the  people  became  broken  off 
i'om  that  state  of  levity  and  dissipation  which 
hey  had  been  long  accustomed  to  and  in- 
lulged  in  ;  and  much  zeal  appeared  for  the 
jromotion  of  the  cause  of  religion,  and  the 
>rospect  was  truly  promising. 

'In  the  4th  month,  on  a  tour  to  Pbiladel- 
>hia,  I  took  passage  with  Edmund  Needbam, 
laster  of  his  own  vessel,  from  Salem.  His 
Brother  James  Needham,  a  worthy  elder,  was 
iiis  mate,  and  both  of  them  members  of  our 
Monthly  Meeting.  A  number  of  other  pas- 
engcrs  were  on  board,  whose  profanity  and 
h  manners  were  very  disagreeable,  and 
iroved  no  small  annoyance  to  our  peace  and 
lomfort.  One  of  those  passengers  belonging 
o  Salem,  and  sometimes  employed  in  that 
jefarious  business,  the  slave  trade,  was  then 
>n  his  way,  as  we  were  told,  to  take  charge 
if  such  a  vessel  from  Philadelphia.  We  oft 
easoned  with  him  very  freely  on  the  subject, 
mdeavoring  to  show  him  the  iniquity  and  the 
laseness  of  trading  in  human  flesh  as  though 
hey  were  brutes;  but  it  availed  nothing,  he 
vas  too  far  out  of  our  reach,  and  too  much 
)linded  with  the  deceitfulness  of  riches  to  re- 
leive  suitable  and  disinterested  impressions 
>n  such  a  subject,  where  self-interest  was 
leeply  involved. 

"The  passage  was  as  pleasant  as  could  be 
:xpected.  In  about  ten  days  from  Salem  we 
irrived  in  Philadelphia,  and  I  took  lodgings 
it  my  uncle  Stephen  Collins'  ;  but  the  small- 
>ox  being  much  about  the  city,  and  I  never 
lad  it,  and  having  an  invitation  from  a  kind 

nd    residing  at  a  village  called   Brandy- 


were  joined  by  Paul  Rogers  and  Richard 
Dame,  a  part  of  the  same  Committee.  The 
object  of  the  visit  was  to  stir  up  Friends  in 
the  different  branches  of  the  Quarter  to  faith- 


wine,  in  Delaware,  I  went  there  and  was  in- 
oculated, where  I  remained  until  my  re- 
cover}', which  was,  I  think,  about  three  weeks. 
While  the  disorder  was  heavy  upon  me,  Ij 
often  felt  gloomy  and  my  spirits  sunk,  which  fulness  in  discharge  of  their  respective  duties, 
were  sometimes  cheered  by  friends  who  camejThe  visit  was  performed  with  much  unanimity, 
in,  such  as  our  worthy  ancient  Friend,  Zach-  and  such  was  its  tendency,  that  the  salutary 
eriah  Ferris,  who  having  a  few  years  since  efforts  of  that  and  other  similar  visits  made 
been  in  our  country,  often  called  to  see  me.      about  that  time,  were  felt  for  several  years 

"After  my  recovery  I  returned  to  Philadel-  afterward, 
phia.  On  the  way  to  the  city  we  spent  one  "  1793.  Hitherto  I  had  continued  my  offer- 
nightat  Darby  with  Philip  Price,  and  in  about'ings,  by  way  of  public  testimony,  as  I  appre- 
two  weeks  went  to  New  York,  and  took  lodg-  hended  myself  thereunto  called,  and  as  I  felt 
ings  at  Edmund  Priors.  We  spent  First-day  myself  qualified  from  the  aforementioned  time 
in  the  city,  attended  their  meetings — next  at  Falmouth  Quarterly  Meeting.  So  far  in 
day  rode  to  Mamaroneck  and  attended  Mam- 1  my  progress  it  had  been  a  precious  season, 
aroneck  Meeting,  where  our  ancient  Friend,  :or  dispensation  of  watering,  of  confirmation, 
Mary  Griffin,  appeared  very  lively  in  the  way  growth  and  establishment  in  vital  and  experi- 
of  thanksgiving  and  praise;  she  was  about  mental  knowledge  of  the  Truth,  to  the  un- 
eighty  years  of  age,  and  travelled  about  one  speakable  comfort  of  my  own  soul,  and  it  is 
hundred  miles  on  horseback  to  attend  the  believed  to  the  satisfaction  and  comfort  of 
Yearly  Meeting.  Friends  generally,  and  things  went  on  in  gen- 

"  From  New  Rochelle  we  crossed  to  Long  eralharmouy.  But  now  a  new  scone  opened, 
Island  and  attended  the  Yearly  Meeting  fori  and  a  memorable  one  never  to  be  forgotten  ; 
the  State  of  New  York  :  it  was  at  that  time  doubtless  in  inscrutable  wisdom  permitted, 
composed  of  three  Quarterly  Meetings.  Here,  that  all  the  faculties  of  the  soul  should  con- 
for  the  first  time,  I  met  with  Hannah  Barnard, 'centrate  more  deeply  in  the  true  ground  and 
from  Hudson,  and  found  her  to  be  a  great'saving  knowledge  of  religion;  and  to  show 
talker.  Mary  Ridgway,  Jane  Watson.  Samuel  more  fully  the  redeeming  efficacy  of  the  Lord's 
Emlen,  John  Reeve  and  Benjamin  Reeve  and  arm  graciously  made  bare  for  my  deliverance 
divers  others  from  other  Yearly  Meetings | from  sin,  that  nothing  might  be  ascribed  to 
were  there.  Through  the  several  sittings  of  jthecreature,  nor  it  have  cause  to  say, '  myown 
was  instructed  arm  hath  done  it.'     An  indescribable  scene, 


this  Yearly  Meeting  my  mind 
and  often   bowed  in  gratitude  for  favors  re- 
ceived. 

"After  this  meeting  I  returned  to  Now 
York,  thence  took  packet  for  Newport  on 
Rhode  Island — George  Churchman,  Tiddiman 
Hull  and  divers  Friends  being  with  us,  in- 
tending for  our  Yearly  Meeting  ;  but  contrary 
winds  prolonged  our  time  several  days  be- 
yond what  is  usual  for  such  passages.  We 
did  not  reach  our  Yearly  Meeting  until  several 
sittings  of  it  had  passed.  Many  of  the  pas- 
sengers left  the  packet  at  Stonington  Point, 
and  some  of  the  aged  men  and  women  pro- 
cured horses  and  set  off  by  land.  Thomas 
Franklin  and  myself  walked  most  of  the  way 
to  John  Dockray's  in  South  Kingston,  where 
we  staid  one  night,  very  much  fatigued. 
Next  morning  being  first-day  of  the  week, 
John  kindly  furnished  horses,  and  a  boy  to 
bring  them  back  from  the  ferry,  wc  journeyed 
on  and  arrived  at  Newport  just  in  time  to  at- 
tend the  morning  meeting.  Here,  to  my  great 
satisfaction,  I  met  my  sister  and  many  other 
of  my  endeared  friends  from  home,  and  our 
meeting  was  mutually  cordial. 

"This  summer  we  had  at  our  meeting  a 
very  refreshing  visit  from  John  and  Benjamin 
Reeve,  two  worthy  Friends  from  New  Jersey. 

"  In  the  12th  month,  in  company  with  John 
Pratt  and  Richard  Holder,  who  being  under 
appointment  to  visit  the  constituent  Monthly 
Meetings  of  this  Quarter,  set  off  for  Vassal- 
j  borough,  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  Quarter 
'in  the  District  of  Maine.     At    Berwick    we 


the  recollection  of  which  makes  sensibility 
recoil ;  in  which  time  my  public  exercises  be- 
came, it  is  believed,  wisely  suspended  for  about 
six  years.  During  this  season  my  tried  soul 
was  as  a  partridge  hunted  upon  the  moun- 
tains of  the  wilderness,  or  as  a  sparrow  alone 
upon  the  house  top,  ready  to  conclude,  with 
David,  'Surely  I  shall  one  day  fall  by  the 
hand  of  Saul.'  'Surely  there  is  but  one  step 
betwixt  me  and  death.'  Often  tottering  on 
the  brink  of  despair,  feeling  as  one  forsaken 
of  all  men. 

"  Many  indeed  have  been  my  lonely  and 
solitary  walks  in  woods,  in  fields,  in  by-ways, 
unknown  to  mortals  by  night  and  by  day;  if 
possibly  I  might  pour  out  my  grief  to  the 
uttermost,  as  into  the  bosom  of  my  God,  if 
thereby  I  might  find  a  peaceful  asylum  in  the 
day  of  inconsolable  distress,  when  all  was 
wilderness  and  woe ;  and  every  outward  de- 
pendence was  far  removed,  and  no  outward 
friend  to  look  to,  to  participate  in  my  grief. 
My  trials  were  great,  but  they  brought  mo 
more  into  the  knowledge  of  myself,  and  with 
the  depravity  of  the  human  heart  in  a  state 
of  transgression,  and  to  see  more  fully  the 
way  of  God  with  man.  Nothing  could  ever 
have  given  me  that  depth  of  knowledge  like 
those  sufferings  and  trials,  which  penetrated 
into  the  dark  and  dreary  recesses  of  my  own 
heart. 

"In  the  7th  month  I  accompanied  Sarah 
Talbot,  Ann  Ferris  and  Stephen  Mendenhall, 
in  the  course  of  their  religious  visit  in  these 


242 


THE    FRIEND. 


parts 

Uxbi 


Bolt..n,  Lcicest. 
3.    Were  at  meet 


N, 


n-idge  and  Howard  Association,  London,  comparing  our 
■h  of  those'jails  (the  term  "jails"  not  necessarily  includ- 


places,  and  the  journey  contributed  not  a  little 
to  the  support  of  my  sinking,  desponding 
mind,  under  the  weight  of  its  exercise. 

"  8th  month.* 

"9th  month.  Monthly  Meeting  day.  Went 
to  meeting  under  as  keen  a  sense  of  the  de- 
pravity of  my  own  heart  as  ever  I  before  was 
witness  to.  'Under  these  impressions  I  was 
almost  ready  to  call  in  question  all  that  had 
been  heretofore  experienced  ;  and  raising  my 
eyes,  after  sitting  a  short  time  in  this  manner, 
and  casting  them  about  the  meeting,  beheld 
the  people  sitting  quiet  and  sedate,  I  could 
not  conceive  of  one  present,  if  one  in  exist- 
ence, however  poor  and  wretched,  that  ap- 
peared so  completely  abandoned  to  wretched- 
ness as  myself.  So  exquisite  was  the  sensa 
tion,  it  was  too  strong  for  me  at  that  time, 
that  it  overpowered  all  my  fortitude,  con- 
quered all  my  resolution,  and  plunged  the 
mind  into  deep  despair,  so  that  I  rose  from 
my  seat,  left  the  meeting  as  privately  as  could 
be,  took  a  direction  that  seemed  least  likely 
to  be  observed,  crossed  fields  and  pastures. 
and  wandered  a  number  of  miles  into  the 
woods  back  of  the  town.  Thus  the  day  was 
spent  in  traversing  the  wilderness,  from  moun 


ng  penitentiaries)  with  those  of  Italy,  con- 
siders ours  to  be  the  worse.  He  believes  that 
the  "good  time"  permitted  many  of  our 
prisoners,  as  to  their  food,  intercourse,  variety 
of  reading  matter,  entertainment  derived  from 
the  visitation  of  their  friends,  and  in  other 
ays,  operates  as  a  determinate  cause  of 
crime  in  our  midst.  This  estimate  is  doubt- 
less true  to  some,  extent,  particularly  at  the 
North.  Respecting  the  Southern  prisons, 
both  county  jails  and  penitentiaries,  we  have 
some  recent  reliable  information  through  a 
report  made  by  G.  S.  Griffith,  President  of  the 
Prisoners'  Aid  Society  of  Baltimore. 

During  the  past  autumn,  G.  S.  Griffith  made 
a  journey  through  six  of  the  Southern  States, 
opportunity  being  given  him  for  a  thorough 
inspection  of  their  penal  and  pauper  institu- 
tions, some  of  which  he  found  in  excellent 
condition,  but  many  others  wore  observed  to 
be  in  a  deplorable  state.  The  almshouses  ap- 
peared to  be  generally  well  managed,  and 
compared  favorably  with  those  of  the  North, 
ystem,  by  which   the 


deed,  being  mere  lads  of  from  10  to  16  years,  1 
who  would  be  far  better  situated  aud  cared  I 
for  in  reformatories,  if  such  were  provided.  I 
These  boys  mingle  freely  with  the  rougher 
and  more  hardened  criminals,  so  that  when  || 
leased  from  their  enforced  and  debasing  ji 
confinement,  they  are  ripe  to  enter  upon  a  ,• 
deliberate  career  of  crime.  A  signal  instance  9 
of  unjustifiably  harsh  punishment  by  process  j 
of  law,  was  that  of  two  little  boys,  twin  I 
brothers,  who  had  been  sentenced  to  five  j 
years'  incarceration  in  a  penitentiary  for  the  | 
offence  of  stealing  a  box  of  cigars  valued  at  J 
five  dollars.  They  were  working  ami  min-j| 
gling  with  men  sentenced  for  the  most  revolt-! 
ing  crimes.  Now,  when  we  consider  the  fact  J 
that  the  managers  of  schemes  of  wholesale! 
gambling  and  demoralization  such  as  the! 
Louisiana  Lottery,  are  admitted  into  the  cir-J 
cles  of  so-called  "good  society,"  instead  of  J 
being  rigorously  held  within  prison-walls  as ) 
they  richly  deserve  to  be,  whilst  here  are  two! 
little  boys  for  a  five  dollar  theft  (probably  aj 
first  offence)  placed  for  five  years  in  a  school! 
of  crime,  we  are  ready  to  admit  that  man's] 
judgment  and  ways  are  far  removed  from  the! 


altogether  inadequate  to  the  purpose.  Bal 
ancing  between  hope  and  fear,  and  halting  as 
between  two  considerations,  whether  to  re- 
turn home  to  the  bosom  of  society,  or  to  go 
to  some  distant  country  where,  entirely  un- 
known to  any  person,  the  residue  of  my  days 
might  be  wasted  away  in  mourning,  lamen- 
tation and  woe.  But  after  some  severe  con- 
flicts the  weight  of  the  scale  preponderated 
for  returning  home,  and  did  so  accordingly  in 
the  dusk  of  the  evening,  having  ate  nothing 
since  earl}-  that  morning." 


On  American  Prisons,  especially  those  of  the 
South. 

There  lias  been  much  said  about  American 
prisons  of  late,  the  weight  of  the  evidence  re- 
specting their  general  condition,  and  their 
success — or  lack  of  success — as  punitive  and 
reformatory  institutions,  being  far  from  re- 
assuring.   'William  Tallack,  Secretary  of  the 


The   prison    lessee     ., 
prisoners  are  left  very  much  to  the  mercy  of  ["equal"  ways  of  the  Omniscient  Judge, 
contractors,  is  the  bane  of  the  penal  system       The  food  supplied  the  Southern  prisoners! 
of  the  South.     In  Louisiana,  the  labor  of  the  is,  as  a  general  thing,  much  inferior  to  what 
tain  to  mountaiiCfrom  dale  to  dale;  wading'convicts  was,  in  1871,  by  an  act  of  the  Legis-jis  given  those  at  the  North,  where  the  fare  is 
under  a  weight  of  exercise  and  distress  that  Mature,  leased  out  for  the  long  term  of  twenty- 'at  times  a  little  too  good.     The  prison  fare  at 
words  mustlall  short  of  describing,  as  being  one  years.     Whilst  at  the  North,  the  work  of  Charlotte,  N.  C,  was  instanced  as  being  not 

'  the  convicts  is  mostly  done  within  the  re-  only  very  inferior  in  quality,  but  as  being  all 
stricted  bounds  of  prison  cells,  workshops  and 'only  about  half-cooked.  "  The  sanitary  con- 
enclosures,  at  the  South,  on  the  other  hand,  dition  and  ventilation  of  many  of  the  jails  is 
the  convicts  are  worked  in  the  mines,  on  also  very  defective,  and  in  some  the  stench' 
canals,  railroads,  &c,  in  gangs,  the  convictcoming  through  the  iron  bars  of  the  cells  is 
women  acting  in  the  capacity  of  cooks  in  their  almost  unbearable." 

camps.  In  the  large  penitentiary  of  Louis-  j  No  reference  is  made  in  the  abovo  report 
iana,  at  Baton  Roug-e,  the  principle  of  getting  to  the  subject  of  prison  visitation  on  the  part 
the  greatest  possible  money- worth  out  of  the  of  an}'  religiously  concerned  for  the  higher! 
prisoners  as  a  revenue  to  the  State,  is  carried  interests  of  the  prisoners.  In  short,  this  is  m 
so  far  that  the  complete  and  expensive  ma-  Christian  duty  which  appears  to  be  less  an<4 
chinery  for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  less  thought  of  in  many  quarters  beside  the 
within  the  building  stands  unused,  whilst  the  South  of  this  country.  Thus  W.  Tallack,  in 
convicts  in  as  many  as  13  gangs,  are  employed  a  late  article,  speaks  of  one  in  London  whoi 
in  outside  work,  simply  because  it  has  been  "as  a  very  exceptional  instance,  is  allowed! 
reckoned  to  be  more  profitable.  [access  to  prisoners,  and  with  most  excellenf 

Georgia  and  Florida  do  not  even  possess  results."  •  He  also  refers  to  an  Oxford  lady, 
penitentiary  buildings— all  the  convicts  being  who  is  permitted  free  access  to  the  jail  in  that 
leased  out.  The  death  rate  in  their  camps  is  city,  and  who,  during  the  past  three  years, 
necessarily  appalling.  The  penitentiary  at  has  "  been  able  to  reclaim  or  find  situations* 
Columbia^  B.C.,  as  seen  by  the  compiler  of  for  sixty"  discharged  female  prisoners;  yell 
this  article  some  years  ago,"was  a  simple  rec-.he  adds  that  she  is  the  only  one  of  her  seal 
tangular  building,  the  cells  of  which  were  who  is  permitted  this  free  prison  visitation] 
built  solidly  back  to  back,  egress  being  had  over  an  area  of  many  counties, 
directly  upon  the  general  prison  lot,  or, 'in  thc|  Whilst  the  exampie  of  Elizabeth  Fry  seemsj 
case  of  the  upper  cells,  upon  the  supported  now  to  find  few  followers  in  Great  Britain,! 
iron  galleries,  whence  open  stairways  de-  (owing  in  part  to  hindrances  interposed  byj 
scended  to  the  lot.  Sentinels  with  loaded  the  administration),  it  would  likewise  ap-j 
muskets   were    stationed    upon    the    guard- [pear  as  though  in  this  country  the  common} 


*  It  may,  perhaps,  not  be  out  of  place  or  void  of  in- 
terest, to  insert  in  a  footnote,  that  while  out  from  home 
in  the  Eighth  month  of  this  year,  Micajah  Collins 
makes  a  note  of  his  wardrobe  or  personal  appearance, 
under  the  proving  exercises  of  spirit  which  the  absence 
of  the  beloved  of  his  soul,  or  the  transforming  discip- 
line of  a  cross  which  crucifies  to  the  world,  had  upon 
him.  He  writes:  "My  outward  appearance  was  not 
likely  to  give  me  a  very  fair  recommendation  among 
strangers;  yet  might  serve  as  an  index  to  the  condition 
of  my  despairing  mind.''  Here  he  enumerates  some 
things,  showing  his  disregard  of  personal  attire,  which 
the  many,  without,  the  indifference  of  "a  heavenly 
mind,"  seek  after  and  set  so  high  value  upon. 

Though  his  mouth  was,  a-  we  have  seen,  put,  as  it 
were  into  the  dust;  his  condition  like  that  of  "lien 
among  the  pot.-;"  and  his  BOul  "tossed  as  with  tempest 
and  not  comforted;"  yet  when  the  full  time  came,  in 
the  mysterious  providence  of  Him  who  is,  and  will  ever 
remain  to  he  the  resurrection  and  the  life,  he  was 
brought  up  "out  of  an  horrible  pit,  and  out  of  the  miry 
clay  ;"  a  new  song  was  put  into  his  mouth  ;  his  w' 
become  as  those  "  of  a  dove  covered  with  silver,"  &c. ; 
and  he  realized  the  promise:  "I  will  lay  thy  stones 
with  fair  colors,  apil  lay  thy  foundations  with  sap- 
phires," &c,  Hence,  let  none  give  way  to  discourage 
ment. 


snclosing  fence.  Wher 
i  on  a  merely  mercenary 
d<s  such  as  these  may  bi 


ils  an 


luch 
in  th 


■ted, 


good  enough  for  the  purposes  of  lodging  and 
safe  detention. 

"  During  the  past  two  years,"  savs  (i.  S.  (J., 
■■in  Raleigh,  N.  v.'.,  out  of  19GG  convicts,  li.JT 
escaped,  140  died  [of  sickness  ami  disease,]  8 
were  killed  while  attempting  to  escape.  "> 
while  blasting  rocks,  1  was  killed  while  being 
captured,  2  by  railroad  accidents,  and  :i  died 
from  the  effect  of  gun-shot  wounds." 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  opportunities 
for  secular,  moral,  and  religious  instruction, 
under  the  lessee  system,  are  extremely  limited. 

The  majority  of  the  inmates  of  Southern 
prisons  are  under  26  years  of  age,  some,  in- 


torv.  An 
boring  State 
that  he  had  1 
not  believe  hi 
had  been  the 
single  convict 
of  Friends,  ft 
not  entirely. 


ili.-i 


,'hilst  the  religious 
is  left  very  much 
ercisea,  it  is  to  bej 
mal,  and  perfunc- 


o rated  me,  several  years 
trd  the  chaplain  say  "  he 
ltterances  for  all  the  yea 


did 


d  resulted  in  reclaiming  a 
I  was  also  told  that  the  visits 
I'rly  frequent,  had  almost,  if 
ised.  A  like  statement  by 
another  chaplain,  as  to  the  total  lack  of  any 
permanent  good  results  following  his  labors, 
was  made  to  me  by  the  Friend  to  whom  it 
was  spoken  a  few  days  ago.  Nevertheless, 
there  are  those  who  will  read  these  lines  who 


THE    PBIBND. 


i43 


n  doubtless  testify  of  a  truth  that  the}-  have 
een  sent  by  Divine  authority  to  spirits  bound 
y  Satan  and  lodged  in  the  prisons  of  this 
world:  and  that  with  acceptance  they  have 
preached  "  deliverance  to  the  captives."  May 
nothing  that  is  said  above  discourage  such  as 
these.  J.  W.  L. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Incidents  and  Reflections. — No.  79. 

BRING   ALL    THE    TITHES    INTO     THE     STORE- 
HOUSE." 

The  operations  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ  in 
Lhe  heart  of  man  are  designed  to  bring  him 
nto  a  state  of  purity  and  acceptance  with  his 
Heavenly  Father,  in  which  he  may  know  a 
holy  communion  with  Him.  and  feel  that  pre- 
ious  peace  which  is  bestowed  upon  the  true- 
hearted  followers  of  Christ.  A  very  little 
|.hing — a  small  withholding  of  full  submission 

is  sufficient  to  prevent  the  reception  of  the 
Divine  blessings.  How  light  and  impalpable 
is  fog  or  mist,  and  yet  how  completely  it  will 
bide  the  sun  and  interpose  a  barrier  to  the 
shining  of  his  rays  upon  us! 

A  writer   in   The  Earnest   Christian   says, 
that  com 
eved 


sore  affliction  by  the  hope  of  meeting  her  in 
the  heavenly  country.  And  she  felt  the  want 
of  love  and  comfort,  which  she  had  sought  in 
vain  by  offerings  in  the  temples  and  visiting 
the  shrines  of  her  ancestors. 

The  assurances  of  the  love  of  God,  mani- 
fested in  the  sending  of  his  beloved  Son  into 
the  world,  and  the  instructions  she  received  in 
the  doctrines  of  Christianity  failed  to  bring 
peace  to  her  soul ;  for  there  was  one  evil  habit 
which  she  was  loth  to  resign — the  excessive 
use  of  wine.  She  was  asked  if  she  was  will- 
ing to  give  up  everything  for  Christ.  She 
hesitated  a  moment  and  replied,  "  Yes  every- 
thing but —  but — ."  "  But  your  wine  ?"  "Yes, 
all  but  that,"  she  cried  with  tears.  "And  I 
will  drink  at  night  and  sleep  off  my  disgrace, 
and  never  disgrace  Him.  Then  He  will  not 
be  ashamed  of  his  new  disciple."  For  some 
time  she  clung  to  the  delusive  hope  that  God 
would  accept  of  such  a  partial  ottering,  but 
she  could  not  obtain  his  peace  until  she  was 
made  willing  to  bear  his  cross,  and  sacrifice 
everything  that  He  required  of  her. 

How  many  nominal  Christians  are  like  this 
,  poor  woman, — longing  to  have  the  assurance 

ing  under  religious  conviction,   he  that  they  are  the  Lord's,  and  desiring  to  par- 

t  right  to  resign  his  connection  with  ta|<0  0f  tne   ■■ 


secret  society  of  which  he  was  a  membei 


blessings  which   He  bestows  on 
rtofthe 


now  I  must  turn  to  something  else.'  '  Trust 
God,  my  boy,'  he  answered  promptly,  'and  I 
will  help  you  too.'  "  He  returned  to  the  office, 
walked  up  to  the  manager,  and  respectfully 
told  him,  that  he  had  been  detailed  to  run  the 
circus  train,  but  that  he  could  not  do  it.  The 
manager  looked  him  in  the  face,  and,  to  his 
joyful  astonishment,  replied  :  "You  been  de- 
tailed to  run  Sunday  trains!  I  am  surprised! 
You  go  houie,  and  don't  worry  about  Sunday 
trains."  He  adds,  that  since  that  time  he  had 
never  been  called  on  to  perform  such  work". 

After  Samuel  Neale,  of  Ireland,  had  been 
awakened  to  a  sense  of  his  sinful  condition, 
and  had  entered  on  a  course  of  life  more  in 
accordance  with  the  will  of  his  Heavcnly 
Fatber,  he  accompanied  an  innocent,  goodly 
Friend  named  Garratt  Van  Hassen  on  a  short 
religious  visit.  On  their  return,  they  staid  a 
few  nights  at  Christians-town,  where  the  fol- 
lowing incident  occurred  :  "  I  had  been  used," 
he  says,  "in  former  times  to  walk  out  with 
mj7  gun  and  dog;  it  was  a  retired  way  of 
amusing  myself,  in  which  I  thought  there 
was  no  barm  ;  and  reasoning  after  this  man- 
ner, though  I  was  very  thoughtful  about  lead- 
ing a  new  life,  yet  now  I  went  out  as  formerly. 
I  remember  I  shot  a  brace  of  woodcocks,  and 
my  return  home  it  rained,  and  I  went  to 


.     .  his  faithful  ones,  yet  keeping  back  r„. 
But   he  (ought  against  the  Light  of   Christ'      ^  unwi||ing  t0  resign"  themselves  unre-  shelter  myself  by  a  stack  of  corn;  when  it 
which  pointed  out  to  him  this  evil  in  his  ways.!  served]y  t0  bjs  government)  afraid  to  trust  struck   my  mind   as  an   impropriety  thus  to 
I  was  willing,"  he  adds,   "to  give  up  any-  themselves  in  his  hand  lest  He  should  require 
•ything  but  that  lodge— it  seemed  more  than  th      arc  wim       t0        t  with  01.  t0 


thing 

^possible  to  abandon  it;  I  had  so  built  on  it  |  do~'haVing  only  a  half-confidence  in  his  good 
Was  I  not  providing  for  my  witeand  family?  ness      Such  doubie.minded    persons  are   mi 


my  mmu  as  an  impropr 
waste  ray  time  in  this  way  of  amusement,  so 
I  returned  rather  heavy-hearted.  Hear  Gar- 
ratt and  I  lodged  together;  and  next  morning 
he  asked  me  if  I  was  awake,  I  told  him  I  was. 


shoul 
hand 


'  I  have  something  to  say  to  thee,'  said  he.    I 
bid  him  say  on.     'It  has  been,'  said  he,  'as  if 


I  saw  members  of   nearly  all    the   churches  gtable  jn  al|  l|icil.  H      They  would  fain  be 

identified  with  one  order  or  another.     \\  hy  beirsoftwo  kingdoms— which  is  an  impossible  bid  him  say 

Id    God    require  such  a  sacrifice  at  my  tb-  Ln  angel  had  finoken  t0  mCi  t0  bid  thee  put 

s?  But  He  did.  Oh,  how  I  struggled  |  But  thc  Lord  oftcn  does  give  a  blessing  away  thy  gun;  I  believe  it  is  proper  thou 
and  fought  with  my  conscience.  for  want  evc|]  in  tcmpora]  things  to  those  who  faith-  should'st  put  away  that  amusement.'  To 
of  yielding  to  the  manifestations  of  the  Light, ■  f  ,,       •  t     hi     requiring,  and  makes  a  this  purport  he  spoke,  and  that  same  night  I 


he  went  backward  in  religious  things,  falling 
into  one  after  another  of  the  old  habits  whic 
he  bad  once  forsaken,  until  he  became  wretel 


y  for  them,  where  there  seems  to  be  no  dreamed  that  it  was  said  to  me,  intelligibly 

y.     The  Connregationalist  records  the  ex-  in  my  sleep,  that  if  I  would  be  a  son  of  right- 

perience  of  a  railroad  conductor,  who  was  a  eousness,  I 


ust  put  awajT  my  gun,  and  such 
^  Christian,  and  who,  in  the  summeramusements.  It  made  a  deep  impression  on 
'1  knew  what  was  tbe  matter.  -M0f  1873,  ^received  an  order  to  run  an  extra1  my  mind,  and  I  concluded  to  give  up  every- 
person  could  help  me.  I  had i  the  trajn  on  a  pjrst.d  aymorning  to  accommodate  [thing  of  the  kind,  and  take  up  my  daily  cross, 
Light,  but  was  too  great  a  coward  to  walk  in  a  travelling  circus';  He  felt  that  the  act  was 'and  follow  the  leadings  of  tbe  Lamb,  who 
it.   None  but  God  knows  the  wretched  months  which  he  could  not  do  with  a  clear  con-  takes  away  the  sin  of  tbe  world." 

that  I  passed."  _  _      _  science,  yet  to    decline    might  cost  him  his 

At  length,  under  a  fresh  visitation  of  J->'-|  position.  He  had  worked  hard  nearly  nine 
vine  Grace,  he  was  induced  to  seriously  con-|  ,g  ag  a  brakeman,  and  had  recently  been 
sider  his  situation.    He  says:  "  It  was  plainly j  m.omoted  to  conductor.     Could  he  afford  to 


Salute  no  Man  by  the  Way." — When  our 
Lord  commanded  his  disciples  (Luke  x.  4,) 
to  "salute  no  man  by  tbe  way,"  they  were 


bv  refusal  to  do  as  ordered?     As  he 'ambassadors  from  their  Lord  and  King,  and 


set  before  me:  Either  hold  on  to  the  lodge, TQL 

carry  about  this  load  of  misery  and  wretched-  tho~ UghVof  the  family  dependent  upon  him,  I  were  not  to  loiter  by  the  way  in  idle  eonversa- 
iness,  perhaps  enjoy  the  good  opinion  of  the,  he  gaid)  T  cannot  throw  away  all  these  years  t  ion  with  friends  whom  they  might  chance  tc 
world  in  a  measure,  and  finally  lose  my  soul ;  lf  hard  toil  t0  8atjsfy  conscience.  Then  he 'meet.  The  same  is  now  required  of  special 
or  by  God's  assisting  grace,  give  up  my  lodge,  remembered  his  religious  associations,  and  j  messengers.  No  doubt  the  customary  salu- 
come  out  and  be  separate,  and  touch  not  thejfe,t  that  his  jnfluenCe  for  good  would  be  de-  tations  were  formal  and  tedious,  as  they  now 
unclean  thing,  and  do. what  I  knew  was  my:stroved  by  yielding.  The  notice  had  been  are.  particularly  amongst  the  Druses  and 
whole  duty."  Yielding  to  the  conviction  with  rece"jved  0'n  a  Third-day  morning,  and  the  re-  other  non-Christian  sects, and  consumed  much 
which  he  was  favored,  and  giving  up  that:  mainder  of  the  week  was  a  time  of  much  con-  valuable  time.  There  is  also  such  an  amount 
which  had  been  shown  to  him  to  be  evil,  peace  flict  between  the  opposing  feelings  in  his  own 'of  insincerity,  flattery  and  falsehood  in  the 
and  joy  followed,  and  the  gracious  promises  mind      sleepless  days  and  weary  nights  were  terms  of  salutation  prescribed  by  etiquette  in 


■were  brought  to  remembrance — "I  will  never 
leave  thee  nor  forsake  thee,"  "  They  that  put 
their  trust  in  me  shall  never  be  confounded," 
and  many  others. 

Whatever  passes  as  a  cloud  between 

The  mental  eye  of  faith  and  things  unseen; 

Causing  that  "brighter  world  to  disappear, 

Or  seem  less  lovely,  or  its  hopes  less  dear ; 

This  is  our  world,  our  idol,  though  it  bear 

Religion's  impress,  or  devotion's  air. 
An  anecdote  is  recorded  of  a  wealth}'  woman 
in   a   heathen   country  who  was  induced  by 
the  example  of  a  friend  to  seek  for  consolation 
n  the  religion  of  Christ.     Her  friend  had  lost  do?    I  shall  lose  my  position,  I  have  devoted 


spless  days 
passed,  and  prayers  for  Divine  help  and  wis- 
dom were  put  up  to  Him  who  heareth  the 
petitions  of  his  children.  His  mind  became 
settled  under  a  clear  conviction  that  duty  re- 
quired him  to  decline  obej-ing  the  order. 

His  father  was  a  deacon  in  a  congregation, 
and,  he  says,  "I  went  to  him  and  told  him 
the  story,  reserving  my  decision  to  myself, 
and  asking  his  advice  what  to  do.  I  knew 
well  what  he  would  say.  What  a  look  went 
over  his  face  as  he  spoke!  'But,'  I  said, 
Father  will  you  help  me  to  get  something  to 


his  land,  that  our  Lord,  who  is  Truth  itself, 
[where]  He  desired  his  representatives  to  dis- 
pense with  them,  [may  have  designed]  tacitly 
to  rebuke  them. 

Such  instructions  reprove  another  pro- 
pensity which  an  Oriental,  whether  Jew  or 
Gentile,  can  scarcely  resist,  no  matter  how 
urgent  his  business.  If  he  meets  t.n  acquaint- 
ance, he  must  stop  and  make  an  endless  num- 
ber of  inquiries,  and  answer  as  many.  If  ho 
comes  upon  men  making  a  bargain  or  dis- 
cussing any  other  matter,  he  must  pause  and 
introduce  'his   own  ideas,   and   enter  keenly 


eet  child,  and  been  supported  under  the  nearly  my  whole  life  to  this  business,  and  into  the  business,  though  it  in  no 


244 


THE    FRIEND. 


cerns  him  ;  and,  more  especially,  an  Oriental 
can  never  resist  the  temptation  to  assist  where 
accounts  are  being  settled  or  money  counted 
out.  The  clink  of  coin  has  a  positive  fascina- 
tion to  him.  Now  the  command  of  our  Saviour 
strictly  forbade  all  such  loiterings.  They 
would  waste  time,  distract  attention,  and  in 
many  ways  binderthe  prompt  and  faithful  dis- 
charge of  their  important  mission. 

He  forbade  them,  saying,  "Go  not  from 
house  to  house."  The  reason  is  very  obvious 
to  one  acquainted  with  Oriental  customs. 
When  a  stranger  arrives  in  a  village  or  an 
encampment,  the  neighbors,  one  after  another, 
usually  invite  him  to  eat  with  them.  There 
is  a  strict  etiquette  about  it,  involving  much 
ostentation  and  hypocrisy,  and  a  failure  in 
the  due  observance  of  such  hospitality  is  fre- 
quently resented  ;  it  also  consumes  much 
time,  causes  distraction  of  mind,  leads  to 
levity,  and  in  many  ways  counteracts  the 
success  of  a  spiritual  mission.  On  these  ac- 
counts, the  evangelists  were  to  avoid  those 
customs;  they  were  sent,  not  to  be  honored 
and  feasted,  but  to  call  men  to  repentance, 
prepare  the  way  of  the  Lord,  and  proclaim 
that  the  kingdom  of  heaven  was  at  hand. 
They  were,  therefore,  first  to  seek  a  becoming 
habitation  to  lodge  in,  and  there  abide  until 
their  work  in  that  city  was  accomplished. — 
W.  M.  Thomson. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Prayer. 

Prayer,  as  understood  by  Friends,  is  not 
the  presentation  to  our  Heavenly  Father  of 
an  ardent,  yet  unsanetified,  desire  of  the  heart. 
It  is  the  presentation  of  a  desire  begotten  in 
submission  to  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  by  per- 
mission thereof. 

The  Apostle  Paul  says,  "I  will  pray  with 
the  spirit  and  I  will  pray  with  the  understand- 
ing also." — 1  Cor.  xiv.  15.  And  again,  "  For 
we  know  not  what  we  should  pray  for  as  we 
ought;  but  the  Spirit  itself  make'th  interces- 
sion for  us."— Rom.  viii.  26.  Further  apostolic 
authority  is  found  in  the  24th  verse  of  the  4th 
chapter  of  the  Gospel  according  to  John,  viz  : 
"God  is  a  spirit:  and  they  that  worship  Him 
must  worship  Him  in  spirit."  Through  the 
prophet  Zechariah  we  have  the  gracious  as- 
surance that  the  Spirit  of  grace  accompanies 
supplication  divinely  authorized.  "I  will  pour 
upon  the  house  of  David,  and  upon  the  in- 
habitants of  Jerusalem,  the  spirit  of  grace  and 
of  supplication." — Zech.  xii.  10. 

A  few  words  expressive  of  this  view  might 
with  advantage  be  added  to  a  sentiment  in  a 
selection  that  appeared  in  "The  Friend,"  1st 
mo.  26th,  and  make  the  sentence  referred  to 
read  as  follows:  "And  just  so  long  as  God's 
wisdom  is  superior  to  our  wisdom,  there  is 
need  of  relying  on  his  love  to  deny  us  our 
[unwise]  petitions,"  and  on  his  Spirit  for 
ability  to  pray  as  we  ought.  Where  reliance 
is  thus  placed  on  the  prompting  of  Him  who 
knoweth  all  our  needs,  there  may  be  full  con- 
fidence that  the  things  prayed  for  will  be  re- 
ceived. 

Robert  Barclay  defines  inward  prayer  as 
"  that  secret  turning  of  the  mind  toward  God 
whereby,  being  secretly  touched  and  awak- 
ened by  the  light  of  Christ  in  the  conscience, 
and  so  bowed  down  under  the  sense  of  its  ini- 
quities, unworthiness,  and  misery,  it  looks  up 
to  God,  and  joining  with  the,  secret  shillings  <>i 
the  seed  of  God,  it  breathes  toward  Him  some 
secret  desires  and  aspirations." 


In  Memoriam. 

"  Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord." 
Two  valuable  female  members  of  our  So- 
ciety  in  this  vicinity,  one  an  anointed  minis- 
ter and  the  other  a  true  elder,  have,  within 
about  a  week  of  each  other,  been  peacefully 
released  from  this  probationary  state  of  ex- 
istence ;  their  lives  and  death  leaving  a  sweet 
savor  on  the  minds  of  survivors. 

In  connection  with  such,  the  lines  of  John 
G.  AVhittier,  entitled  "The  Friend's  Burial," 
seem  appropriate. 

West  Chester,  Pa.,  1st  mo.  7th,  1881. 

My  thoughts  are  all  in  yonder  town, 

Where,  wept  by  many  tears, 
To-day  my  mother's  friend  lays  down 

The  burden  of  her  years. 

True  as  in  life,  no  poor  disguise 

Of  death  with  her  is  seen, 
And  on  her  simple  casket  lies 

No  wreath  of  bloom  and  green. 
O,  not  for  her  the  florist's  art, 

The  mocking  weeds  of  woe, 
Dear  memories  in  each  mourner's  heart 

Like  heaven's  white  lilies  blow. 
Here  organ-swell  and  church-bell  toll, 

Methinks  but  discord  were, — 
The  prayerful  silence  of  the  soul 

Is  best  befitting  her. 

For  all  her  quiet  life  flowed  on 

As  meadow  streamlets  flow, 
Where  fresher  green  reveals  alone 

The  noiseless  ways  they  go. 

From  her  loved  place  of  prayer  I  see 

The  plain-robed  mourners  pass, 
With  slow  feet  treading  reverently 

The  grave-yard's  springing  grass. 
Make  room,  O  mourning  ones,  for  me, 

Where,  like  the  friends  of  Paul, 
That  you  no  more  her  face  shall  see, 

You  sorrow  most  of  all. 
Her  path  shall  brighten  more  and  more 

Unto  the  perfect  day  ; 
She  cannot  fail  of  peace  who  bore 

Such  peace  with  her  away. 
O,  sweet,  calm  face,  that  seemed  to  wear 

The  look  of  sins  forgiven  ! 
O,  voice  of  prayer  that  seemed  to  bear 

Our  own  needs  up  to  heaven  ! 

How  reverent  in  our  midst  she  stood, 

Or  knelt  in  grateful  praise  ! 
What  grace  of  Christian  womanhood 

Was  in  her  household  ways  ! 
For  still  her  holy  living  meant 

No  duty  left  undone; 
The  heavenly  and  the  human  blent 

Their  kindred  loves  in  one. 


And  if  her  life  small  leisure  found 

For  feasting  ear  and  eye, 
And  pleasure,  on  her  daily  round, 

She  passed  unheeding  by, 

Yet  with  her  went  a  secret  sense, 

Of  all  things  sweet  and  fair, 
And  Beauty's  gracious  providence 

Refreshed  her  unaware. 
She  kept  her  line  of  rectitude 

With  love's  unconscious  ease; 
Her  kindly  instincts  understood 

All  gentle  courtesies. 
An  inborn  charm  of  graciousness 

Made  sweet  her  smile  and  tone, 
And  glorified  her  farm-wife  dress 

With  beauty  not  its  own. 

The  dear  Lord's  best  interpreters 

Are  humble  human  souls; 
The  Gospel  of  a  life  like  her's 

Is  more  than  books  or  scrolls. 

From  schemes  and  creed  the  light  goes  out, 

The  saintly  fact  survives  ; 
The  blessed  Master  none  can  doubt 

Revealed  in  holy  lives. 


For  "  The  Friend.' 


"HE  KNOWETH  BEST." 

TO   . 

Earth's  jars  and  griefs  can  almost  shake 

Faith's  firmest  rest; 
Then,  oh  !  how  good  the  faithful  words, 

"  He  knoweth  best." 


And  may  those  words  revert  to  thee 
Who  gave  them  speech  ; 

And,  in  the  fields  of  loving  work, 
Large  comfort  preach. 

With  joy  I  see  the  beacon  light 

Of  Christ's  dear  love  ; 
And,  from  life's  wreck-strewn  waters,  rise 

Green  trees  above. 

There  Hope  shall  sit,  and  sweetly  sing, 

To  calm  all  fears  ; 
And,  in  the  sunshine  of  her  smiles, 

Dry  up  all  tears. 


B,  If. 


BE  THOU  CONTENT. 
Why  art  thou  full  of  anxious  fear 

How  thou  shall  be  sustained  and  fed? 
He  who  hath  made  and  placed  thee  here 

Will  give  thee  needful  daily  bread. 
Canst  thou  not  trust  his  rich  and  bounteous  hand 
Who  feeds  all  living  things  on  sea  or  land? 
Be  thou  content. 

He  who  doth  teach  the  little  birds 

To  find  their  meat  in  field  and  wood, 

Who  gives  the  countless  flocks  and  herds, 

Each  day,  their  needful  drink  and  food, 

Thy  hunger,  too,  will  surely  satisfy, 

And  all  thy  wants  in  his  good  time  supply. 

Be  thou  content. 

Paul  Gerhardt,  1670. 

Painting  the  Face. — It  is  recorded  of  Jeze- 
bel, the  wicked  queen  of  Ahab,  that  when' 
Jehu  had  conspired  against  the  house  on 
Ahab,  and  had  come  to  Jezreel,  "  she  painted1 
her  face,"  or,  as  it  is  rendered  in  the  marginal' 
reading,  "  put  her  eyes  in  painting."  This  is 
still  the  favorite  mode  of  beautifying  the  facoJ 
among  the  ladies  of  Palestine.  The}-  painta 
or  blacken  the  edge  of  the  eyelids  and  C3'e- 
brows  with  kohl,  and  prolong  the  application2 
in  a  decreasing  pencil,  so  as  to  lengthen  and! 
reduce  the  eye  in  appearance  to  what  is  called] 
almond  shape.  It  imparts  a  peculiar  brilliancy 
to  the  eye,  and  a  languishing  cast  to  the  wholo; 
countenance.  Prides  are  thus  painted.  The! 
practice  is  extremely  ancient;  this  is  shown! 
by  the  sculptures  and  paintings  in  the  oldest 
Egyptian  temples;  and  even  the  kohl  vessels, 
probes,  and  remains  of  black  powder  have 
been  found  in  ancient  tombs.  The  powder 
from  which  kohl  is  made  is  collected  from 
burning  almond-shells  or  frankincense,  and 
is  intensely  black.  Antimony  and  various 
ores  of  lead  are  also  employed  for  their  med 
cinal  properties.  The  powder  is  kept  in  phials 
or  pots,  which  are  often  disposed  in  a  hand- 
somely worked  cover  or  case;  and  it  is  ap- 
plied to  the  eyes  by  a  small  probe  of  wood 
ivory  or  silver.  This  is  dipped  in  water,  and 
then  into  the  powder,  and  the  blackened  point 
is  drawn  between  the  half-closed  lids  of  the 
eyes. 

It  is  to  this  custom,  probabl}-,  that  Jeremiah 
alludes  (Jer.  iv.  30),  when  he  addresses  Jeru- 
salem :  "Though  thou  clothest  thyself  with  1 
crimson,  though  thou  deckest  thee  with  orna- 
ments of  gold,  (bough  thou  rentest  thy  face 
with  painting,  in  vain  shalt  thou  make  thyself 
fair;  thy  lovers  will  despise  thee,  they  will 
seek  thy  life."  Ezokiel  refers  to  it  also  (Ezek! 
xxiii.  40);  and  possibly  Solomon  in  his  Book 
of  Proverbs  (Prov.  vi.  25)  where  he  advises 
his  son  to  guard  against  the  flattery  of  the 


THE    FRIEND. 


245 


togue  of  a  strange  woman,  "  neither  let  her 
ke  thee  with  her  eyelids." — W.  M.  Thomson 
,  The  Land  and  The  Book. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

"Now  while  the  rushing  whirlwind  roars 
itbout  :  and  bows  the  tempest  in  its  wild 
ireer  ;  be  mine  the  task,  safe  from  the  howl- 
g  storm,  to  give  the  hour  to  contemplation's 
,;ign,  and  meditate  upon  the  ways  of  God 
id  man."* 

As  to  the  ways  of  God,  I  will  first  use  the 
nguage  of  the  beloved  disciple,  "saying, 
reat  and  marvellous  are  thy  works,  Lord 
od  Almight}- :  just  and  true  are  thy  ways, 
>iou  King  of  saints.  Who  shall  not  fear  thee, 
;  Lord,  and  glorify  thy  name  ?  for  thou  only 
■t  holy  :  for  all  nations  shall  come  and  wor- 
lip  before  thee."  So  "fear  God,  and  give 
lory  to  Him;  for  the  hour  of  his  judgment  is 
)mc:  and  worship  Him  that  made  heaven 
nd  earth,  and  the  sea,  and  the  fountains  of 
|itors."  "I  am  Alpha  and  Omega,  the  be- 
falling and  the  end,  the  first  and  the  last.'' 
O  the  depth  of  the  riches  both  of  the  wisdom 
nd  knowledge  of  God  !  How  unsearchable 
re  his  judgments,  and  his  ways  past  finding 
ut!  For  who  hath  known  the  mind  of  th 
ford?  or  who  hath  been  his  counsellor? 
.nd  the  Psalmist  says,  "When  I  conside 
he   heavens,  the   work  of  thy   fingers,   th 


we,  through  it,  might  be  enabled  to  work  out 
our  own  salvation,  and  thus  become  new 
creatures  in  Him  ;  He  being  the  true  light, 
and  our  guide  from  death  to  life.  And  the 
Light  which  now  shines  in  all  the  inhabitable 
parts  of  the  world,  is  to  give  the  light  of  the 
knowledge  of  the  gloiy  of  God  in  the  appear- 
ance of  Jesus  Christ  ;  that  man  might  be  led 
out  of  darkness  into  his  glorious  light  and  be 
saved  with  an  everlasting  salvation. 

God  works  in  us  both  to  will  and  to  do,  but 
we  have  to  work  out  our  own  salvation,  which 
He  wills  us  to  do,  with  reverential  fear  before 
Him.  "The  wrath  of  God  is  revealed  from 
Heaven  against  all  ungodliness,  and  unrighte- 
ousness of  men,  who  hold  the  truth  in  unrighte- 
ousness. Because  that  which  may  be  known  of 
God  is  manifest  in  them  ;  for  God  hath  showed 
it  unto  them."  "  God  who  at  sundry  times  and 
in  divers  manners  spake  unto  the  fathers  by  the 
prophets,  hath  in  these  latterdaysspoken  unto 
us  by  his  Son."  And  the  command  from  the 
Father  is  ;  "  hear  ye  Him."  God,  under  the 
old  dispensation,  gave  his  law  and  command 
ments  through  Moses,  the  outward  deliverer 
and  leader  of  an  outward  people  ;  but  now, 
under  this  more  enlightened  dispensation,  H 
gives  us  the  law  of  the  spirit  of  life  through 
Jesus  Christ,  our  spiritual  deliverer  and  leader 


i  flesh  ;  and  that  which  is  born  of 
is   spirit.      And   no  flesh    should 


the  flesh, 
the  spirit 

glory  in  the  Lord's  presence.  So  let  us  have 
a  care  that  we  turn  not  from  the  love  of  God, 
to  the  love  of  the  world  ;  or,  from  a  desire  to 
please  God  to  a  still  stronger  desire  to  please 
man.  Let  our  religion  be  between  our  own 
hearts  and  our  God.  "  For  God  seareheth 
all  hearts,  and  understandeth  all  the  imagina- 
tions of  the  thoughts;''  and  that  which  is 
highly  esteemed  among  men,  may  be  an 
abomination  in  the  sight  of  God. 

We  can  never  make  any  advance  in  our 
Christian  warfare  against  sin,  either  in  our- 
selves or  in  the  world,  without  the  immediate 
help  and  presence  of  Him  who  came  to  take 
away  the  sin  of  the  world  out  of  the  heart, 
and  to  redeem  it  from  all  iniquity.  But  for 
this  indwelling  help,  we  are  too  much  inclined 
to  look  outwardly,  while  God  looks  inwardly, 
and  scans  every  secret  movement  of  the  heart 
and  sees  us  as  we  are.     And 

"  'Tis  not  for  us  to  question  but  to  praise, 
The  great  Creator,  wise  in  all  his  way?." 

1).  H. 

Thorntown,  Ind.,  1st  mo.  23rd,  1S84. 


To  Women  Friends  of  Philadelphia  Yearly 


through   the  wilderness  of  this   world,   to  .... 

eternal  inheritance  beyond  Jordan,  the  river      -From  the  Executive  Committee  of  the   Tern- 

of  judgment.     The  law  then  was  written  on  perance  Association  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia. 

hard  tables  of  stone;  but  now  it  is  written  Dear  Friends, — We  meet  year  after  year, 
loon  and  the  stars  which  thou  hast  ordained  ;on  tue  fleshly  tables  of  the  heart.  And  if  and  hear  with  interest  the  report  on  intoxi- 
hat  is  man  that  thou  art  mindful  of  him  ?jthey  escaped  not  Moses  who  spoke  on  earth,  eating  drinks  collected  by  men  Friends;  but 
ad  the  son  of  man  that  thou  visitest  him?"  much  more  shall  wo  not  escape  if  we  turn  do  we  realize  that  women  are  equally  bound 
tot  yet  his  humble  dependent  ones,  who  have  away  from  Him  who  speaketh  from  heaven,  to  discourage  their  unnecessary  use? 
leir  eyes  opened  by  the  day-spring  from  on  «  He  is  not  a  Jew,  which  is  one  outwardly  ;  Are  we  "women  Friends  of  Philadelphia 
gh,  are  often  in  mercy  so  visited  as  to  be  neither  is  that  circumcision,  which  is  outward  Yearly  Meeting  careful  to  discourage  the  use 
nabled  spiritually,  to  see  the  King  in  Lis  in  the  flesh  :  but  he  is  a  Jew,  which  is  one  in-  of  spirituous  and  vinous  liquors?  Do  we 
eauty.  and  to  behold  the  land,  that  to  the  tin-  wardly  ;  and  circumcision  is  that  of  the  heart,  avoid  alcoholic  flavoring  in  mince  pics,  sauces, 
odly,  is  very  far  off.  For  "  as  a  father  pitieth  jn  tDe  spirjt,  and  not  in  the  letter;  whose  puddings  and  ice  creams,  and  do  we  refrain 
is  children,  so  the  Lord  pitieth  them  thatjpraise  js  not  0f  men  but  of  God."  Even  so  from  handing  to  others  home-made  wines  or 
ar  Him.     For  He  knoweth  our  frame  ;  Hen0Wi  we  are  not  a]|  T81.aei  wnicD  are  0f  0U1.  cider? 

smembereth  that  we  are  dust."  But  "  as  forefathers ;  but  in  Isaac,  the  true  eircum-l  It  is  not  probable  that  little  children  enjoy 
>e  heavens  are  higher  than  the  earth,  so  are'cj8jon]  01.  sanetification  of  the  heart,  should  the  strong  taste  of  wine  except  those  having 
y  ways  higher  than  your  ways,   and   my  oln.  name  De  called.  an  inherited  appetite,  when  the  danger  of  its 

loughts  than  your  thoughts,"  saith  the  Lord.!      p>elbnon  has  o-ot  to  be  a  popular  profession.!  llSe  is  immeasurably  increased.     But  it  may 


to  embrace  that  which  most  liberates  from  j  please  the  palate,  why  not  also  to  fake  one 
the  mortifying  operations  of  the  cross  ofj glass  as  an  agreeable  drink?  And  wc  need 
Christ;  because  heis  thus  more  in  fellowship1  not  tell  of  the  sad  consequence  to  thousands 
with   the  carnal  superficial  professors  of  the  of  that  first  glass. 

"     any  instances  of  persons  suc- 


nd  although  He  dwells  on  high  and  in-|  And  in  searching  after  it, 'man  is  very  much  j  become  pleasant  to  almost  anyone  if  asso- 
abiteth  eternity,  yet  he  dwells  also  "  with  '  prono  to  embrace  that  which  affiliates  with  dated  with  the  choicest  puddings,  jelly,  &c. 
im  that  is  of  a  humble  and  contrite  spirit,  to  t|10  popular  current  around  him  ;  even  though  Is  it  strange  that  the  young  men  may  argue, 
svive  the  spirit  of  the  humble,  and  to  revive  ;t  should  include  in  its  delusive  movements,  if  it  is  allowable — "  even  mother  admits  it  to 
le  heart  of  the  contrite  ones."  So  "the  tuc  unregenerate  man.  And  hence  he  is  apt!  be  so" — to  use  alcoholic  flavoring  in  food  to 
ord  is  good  unto  them  that  wait  for  Him, 
>  the  soul  that  seeketh  Him.  It  is  good 
oat  a  man  should  both  hope  and  quietly 
ait  for  the  salvation  of  the  Lord.  It  is 
ood  for  a  man  that  he  bear  the  joke  (of 
hrist)  in  his  youth." 

But  it  is  our  part  to  seek — it  is  his  part  to 
lpplj'.  It  is  our  part  to  hunger  and  thirst 
fter  righteousness — it  is  his  part  to  give  us 
f  the  bread  of  life  and  the  waters  of  salva- 
We  have  our  part  to  do.  Then  we 
lay   have   the    blessed   assurance  that   God 

do  his.  He  will  help  us  to  do  what  we 
Einnot  do  ourselves.  He  knock's,  as  it  were, 
t  the  door  of  the  heart  for  entrance.     It  is 

part  to  hear  his  voice,  and  to  open  the 
oor  and  let  Him  in.  Man  took  a  part  in  the 
ansgression  ;  and  we  have  to  take  a  part  in 
le  restoration.     And  God,  who  commanded 

light  to  shine  out  of  darkness,  in  the  old 
reation,  now  shines  in  our  hearts,  through 
tie  second  Adam,  the  quickening  spirit,  that 

*  Quoted  from  memory;  but  perhaps  nearly  in  the 
nguage  of  the  unknown  writer  from  which  I  learned 
more  than  50  vears  aKo 


denominations  around  him.  And  be  can  go 
pretty  comfortably  with  them,  hand  in  hand 
with  the  world.  This  religion  costs  but  little. 
and  it  tends  to  lay  waste  the  testimonies  and 
practices  which  our  primitive  Friends  suffered 
so  much  to  uphold.  And  it  also  holds  out 
the  idea  that  wc  now  are  wiser  than  they 
were  ;  and  that  they  were  under  a  mistake. 
So  it  brings  their  worthy  names  into  disre- 
pute. It  teaches  that  we  now,  in  this  more 
liberal  and  enlightened  age,  do  not  need  so 
strictly  to  observe  that  self-denial  ami  cross- 
bearing  which  they  were  divinely  called  on 
to  maintain. 

So  let  us  keep  ourselves  from  idols  ;  and 
have  a  care,  in  our  worship,  that  we  have 
God  on  the  throne,  and  worship  Him  and  not 
man — especially  those  men  who,  by  their 
education  and  talent,  are  able  to  speak  great 
swelling  words  of  vanit}-, — having  lost  the 


We  know  of  i 
cessfully  resisting  habits  of  drunkenness  and 
a  desire  for  drink,  who,  by  the  ill-timed  offer 
of  an  apparently  harmless  mince  pie  or  glass 
of  cider,  have  had  the  old  appetite  awakened, 
and  the  good  resolution,  so  fiercely  battled  for, 
swept  away.  Just  when  the  innocent  apple 
juice  known  as  sw-eet  cider,  acquires  by  fer- 
mentation the  dangerous  alcohol,  we  may 
not  be  able  to  say,  but  the  sharp  fermented 
condition  becomes  the  one  preferred,  and  thus 
is  acquired  a  taste  for  alcohol  in  other  forms  ; 
a  taste  bred  and  fostered  by  that  which  ap- 
pears so  harmless.  Although  to  us  and  to 
our  immediate  family  we  may  feel  sure  there 
is  no  temptation  to  indulgence  in  alcoholic 
drinks,  yet  if  there  is  danger  to  anyone,  can 
we  forget  our  example  and  our  responsibility 
therefor,  or  indulge  a  pleasant  appetite  when 
we  remember  the  precept,  "  Whether  ye  eat 


Divine  ima^c.     For  that   which   is   born   of  or  drink,  or  whatsoever  ye  do.  do  all  to  the 


246 


THE    FRIEND. 


glory  of  God  ?"  Is  it  not  more  Christ-like  to 
imitate  the  apostle's  resolution,  '-If  meat 
make  my  brother  to  offend  (or  stumble),  1 
will  eat  no  flesh  while  the  world  standeth  ?" 

Our  example  before  the  world — a  world 
where  so  many  fall  daily  through  this  snare. 
is  no  light  responsibility.  The  Society  of 
Friends  is  by  principle  and  profession,  a  total 
abstinence  society.  But  we  are  not  entirely 
consistent,  and  others  observing  us,  notice  our 
inconsistency  in  admitting  wine  in  cookery, 
and  in  the  use  of  cider  as  a  beverage.  As  a 
medicine,  alcoholic  liquors  are  sometimes  use- 
ful, but  physicians  are  awakening  to  the  fact 
that  they  are  seldom  really  necessary.  To 
women  especially,  with  theirsensitive  nervous 
systems,  and  the  overstrain  of  nursing  and 
other  duties,  there  is  a  snare  in  the  habit  of 
looking  upon  wine  as  a  simple  medicine  to 
be  taken  freely  without  a  physician's  advice. 
And  if  women  use  it  thus,  can  they  wonder 
if  their  sons  and  brothers  follow  their  example? 

Let  each  one  answer  to  herself  the  solemn 
question,  How  far  am  I  responsible?  and  let 
us  do  what  we  can  individually,  to  prevent 
intemperance,  by  practising  some  self-denial 
in  the  indulgence  of  our  appetite. 

Anna  Woolsian, 

Secretary. 

For  "The  Friend.' 

No  Home  for  Epileptics. 

A   Friend  proposes  to  open  a  place  of  pv 
tection  for  this  class  of  afflicted  persons.    She 
is  particularly  desirous  to  have  it  home-like 
and  entertaining,  and  is  willing  to  have  some 
one.  join  in  the  undertaking  who  would  feel 


then,  be  so  watchful  and  attentive  as  to  be 
preserved  in  the  love  and  fear  of  God,  to  the 
nd  of  our  days.  E.  Knowles. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Ancient  English  Canoe. — A  canoe  was  re- 
cently unearthed,  in  Sussex,  England,  which 
was  partly  embedded  in  the  Eiver  Arun,  and 
partly  in 'the  land.  It  is  of  solid  oak,  hewn 
from  a  single  massive  trunk  ;  and  was  proba- 
bly hollowed  out  by  a  stone  axe  and  the  aid 
of  fire.  Strata  to  the  depth  of  nine  feet  had 
accumulated  over  the  part  that  was  embedded 
in  the  land.  The  present  dimensions  are  15 
feet  by  4,  but  it  was  probably  at  first  18  feet 
in  length.  The  part  in  the  water  is  the  most 
dilapidated — the  other  portion  being  bette 
preserved. 

Meteoric  Dust.  —  In  commenting  on  the 
theory  which  accounts  for  ihe  remarkable 
redness  of  the  sky  after  sunset,  which  was 
observable  for  many  nights  near  the  com- 
mencement of  the  12th  month,  by  supposing 
it  to  be  the  reflection  of  the  sun's  rays  from 
meteoric  dust  in  the  atmosphere — the  Scientific 
American  says  :  "It  is  well  known  that  the 
earth  is  daily  and  nightly  pelted  with  millions 
of  meteors,' the  vast  majority  of  which  are 
almost  instantly  consumed  by  the  intense 
heat  developed  as  they  dash  into  our  atmos- 
phere. The  products  of  the  combustion  of 
these  meteors  filter  slowly  down  through  the 
air,  and  have  been  found  in  the  shape  of 
metallic  dust  on  the  snow  fields  in  the  Arctic 
regions,  on  mountain  peaks  in  Europe,  and  in 
other  similar  localities^  being  recognizable  by 
alike  interested.  | their  peculiar  chemical   composition       It  is 

Further   information    can    be   obtained    of  also  known  that  the  Solar  system   abounds 

with  swarms  of  meteors  revolving  around  the 


Jacob  Smedley,  304  Arch  St.,  who  has  kindly 
consented  to  receive  contributions  for  the 
purpose.  A  Friend. 

Philadelphia,  3d  ruo.  1st,  18S4. 


It  was  said  to  the  church  of  Ephesus:  "  I 
have  somewhat  against  thee,  because  thou 
hast  left  thy  first  love.  Eemember  therefore 
from  whence  thou  art  fallen,  repent,  and  do 
the  first  works,  or  else  I  will  come  unto  thee 
quickly,  and  remove  thy  candlestick  out  of 
his  place,  except  thou  repent."  JSTow  it  stands 
us  all  in  band  to  look-  to  it,  if  we  are  of  those 
who  have  left-  our  first  hive,  if  we  are  sliding 
more  and  more  into  the  fashions  of  this  world, 
then  indeed  will  we  need  to  repent  and  do 
the  first  works.  And  what  are  the  first  works? 
"Jesus  said  to  them  all,  \l'  any  man  will 
come  after  me,  let  him  deny  himself,  and  take 
up  bis  cross  daily,  and  follow  me.  For  who- 
soever will  save  his  life,  shall  lose  it,  but  who- 
soever will  lose  his  life  for  my  sake,  the  same 
shall  save  it."  This  shows  that  we  are  to 
give  up  that  life  which  lies  in  self  and  in  the 
sinful  pleasures  of  this  world.  This  must  all 
be  emptied  out,  crossed,  and  turned  from  ; 
and  in  this  humble,  cross-bearing,  submissive 
state,  we  must  look  to  and  follow  Christ's 
spirit,  which  will  lead  us  in  the  way  of  judg- 
ment, righteousness  and  peace. 

This  good  spirit  in  their  hearts  led  our 
forefathers  in  this  Society  into  sobriety  and 
plainness;  and  I  believe  it'will  lead  all  who 
are  careful  to  wait  for  and  obey  its  teaching, 
into  great  humility  and  plainness  of  speech, 
behavior  and  apparel.  My  earnesf  desire  tor 
us  is,  that  we  may  know  this  work  of  cleansing 
and  preparation  to  be  thoroughly  done  ;  and 


sun,  and  that  the  earth  crosses  the  path  of  a 
number  of  these,  occasionally  encountering 
the  swarms  themselves. 

"The  vast  majority  of  these  meteors  are 
very  small,  and  since  the  telescope  reveals 
millions  which  escape  the  naked  eye,  it  is 
reasonable  to  conclude  that  millions  more  are 
too  small  to  be  seen  even  with  telescopes — 
mere  meteoric  dust.  There  are  historic  in- 
stances of  supposed  falls  of  meteoric  dust,  the 

ost  remarkable,  perhaps,  being  that  of  1783, 

hen  Europe,  part  of  Asia,  and  part  of  Amer- 
ica, were  covered  for  months  with  a  dry  fog 
or  haze,  which  excited  the  greatest  alarm." 

Storing  Wind-power. — It  is  proposed  to  utilize 
the  power  of  wind-mills,  when  not  needed  for 
other  purposes,  by  employing  it  in  the  com- 
pression of  air  into  suitable  reservoirs,  which, 
when  fully  charged,  may  be  used  for  various 
purposes,  such  as  running  sewing  machines, 
driving  light  vehicles,  &e. 

Matches. — At  Jonkoping,  Sweden,  is  the 
oldest  and  largest  match  factory  in  the  world. 
It  was  established  100  years  ago.  The  wood 
is  taken  from  the  adjacent  forest,  which  is 
divided  into  50  sections.  Each  year  one 
section  is  cut  and  then  replanted  with  young 
trees.  It  is  said  that  280.000,000  matches 
are  burned  daily  in  tbe  United  States. 

Chewing  Gum  is  now  made  from  wax  ob 
lained  from  petroleum.  Two  hundred  pounds 
of  wax,  thirty  pounds  of  sugar,  and  some 
flavoring  will  make  about  ten  thousand  penny 
cakes. 

Lead  Poisoning  in  Pottery. —  E.  Peyrusson 
in  an  article  in  Cosinos  L< \s  Mondes,  states  that 
having  experimented  with  common  pottery 
much  of  which  is  glazed  with  lead  salt,  ly 


allowing  milk  to  ferment  in  it,  he  found  thof 
nilk  to  have  acquired  sufficient  lead  to  maker 
t  injurious  to  health.  The  use  of  such  pottery  jj 
'or  cooking,  or  containing  organic  substances. i 
s  the  more  dangerous,  because  lead  salts  bavol 
i  tendency  to  accumulate  in  the  Bystem  and! 
produce  poisonous  effects  after  a  considerable* 
lapse  of  time. 

Some  of  his  experiments  indicated  that  that 
cracks  in  the  glazing,  which  almost  alwayaj 
occur  in  glazed  vessels  which  have  been  londl 
in  use,  harbor  germs  which  cannot  be  rew 
moved  even  by  thorough  washing.  ThereM 
fore  he  advises  that  vessels  of  glass  or  poree-l 
lain  only  should  be  used  for  the  sick,  who  aril 
suffering  from  typhoid  fever  or  other  con-' 
tagious  diseases  :  for  fear  of  spreading  the 
diseases  by  tbe  germs  concealed  in  the  minute 
cracks  of  glazed  vessels. 

Magnetic  Effect  of  Lightning. — Some  monthE 
ago,  the  steamship  Columbia  was  struck  by 
lightning  as  she  was  entering  the  Bay  of 
Panama.  The  vessel  was  not  injured,  as  the 
conductor  on  the  foremast  conveyed  the  flash 
into  the  sea,  but  the  forward  part  of  the  vest 
sel  was  so  powerfully  magnetized  that  altera! 
tions  have  to  be  effected.  The  compasses 
were  rendered  untrustworthy.  Tbe  magnet?] 
on  board  were  all  demagnetized  and  reduce* 
to  the  condition  of  ordinary  iron. 

Starfish  in  the  Oyster  Beds. — The  cultiva. 
tion  of  oysters  in  Long  Island  Sound,  off  the- 
Connecticut  shore,  has  rapidly  developed  in 
a  few  years.  But  an  enemy  has  recently  ap- 
peared in  the  star-fish,  which  is  said  to  be 
completely  destroying  the  oysters  in  some 
localities.  The  star-fish  is  covered  with  a 
tough  leathery  skin  beset  with  prickles,  and 
has  the  form  of  a  star  with  five  fingers  oi 
rays  radiating  from  a  central  disk  ;  the  size] 
averging  six  inches  in  diameter  across  the 
fingers.  In  the  middle  of  the  under  surface 
of  the  disk  is  situated  the  mouth.  If  one  oi! 
ts  arms  becomes  broken  off  a  new  one  growe 
in  its  place.  Some  species  possess  the  poweii 
of  breaking  themselves  into  pieces,  each  ol 
which  retains  its  vitality  and  can  grow  inti, 
a  perfect  specimen.  The  star-fish  attaches 
itself  to  the  oj-ster,  and  turns  its  stomach  ouli 
of  its  mouth,  enveloping  the  oyster  therewith 
and  digesting  its  flesh. 

One  oyster  dealer  has  been  dredging  fa 
these  enemies  with  a  small  steamer;  and  in, 
one  day  captured  over  300  bushels,  each  bushel 
being  estimated  to  contain  more  than  1,00{ 
star-fish.  They  were  spread  on  the  land  as  s 
fertilizer. — Scientific  American. 


Items. 

— Barclay's  Apology- —  The  British  Friend  mention! 
that  the  late  Joseph  Macintyre of  Crieth,  (who  pro- 
fessed  with  Friends,  though  not  in  membership' 
left  a  sum  of  money,  the  interest  of  which  was  to  9 
devoted  to  the  tree  circulation  of  this  work.  Th« 
trustees  of  the  will  had  purchased  a  quantity  of  th< 
Apology  and  were  sending  them  post  free  to  seriool 
inquirers  and  to  public  libraries.  A  subsequent 
number  of  the  same  paper  states  that  the  demanl 
had  been  so  great  that  the  stock  in  the  hands  of  tffl 
trustees  had  been  exhausted,  but  that  they  hoped 
before  long  to  have  a  further  supply. 

—  Church  and  State. — Considerable  repairs  wen 
made  to  the  manse  belonging  to  the  Establishec 
Church  at  Old  Mcldriini  in  Aberdeenshire;  the  cosi 


their  goods  we 


•sisted 
ie  sale 


THE    FRIEND. 


247 


cheat  of  tea  was  taken  from  one,  a  cow  from  an- 
her,  a  mahogany  dining  table  from  another,  and 
le  had  a  new  hearse  taken  out  of  his  coach-house. 
ne  of  the  papers  comments  on  the  transaction  as 
Hows :  "  Those  people  who  suppose  that  Scotch- 
en  will  continue  to  suffer  patiently  such  a  gross 
id  cruel  wrong  without  seeking  for  a  remedy  are 
ost  grievously  mistaken.  The  penalties  which 
ive  been  thus  inflicted  on  a  few  merchants  and 
adesmen  in  Old  Meldrum  for  conscience  sake,  will 
)  more  to  hasten  the  disestablishment  of  tlie  Church 
"  Scotland  than  a  thousand  speeches  or  sermons, 
very  Scotchman  must  feel  that  a  scene  of  this  kind 
'fleets  disgrace  on  the  whole  nation.  What  comes 
|  our  boasted  toleration,  when  a  man's  property  is 
rcibly  carried  away  from  him  to  pay  for  the  re- 
lirs  of  a  church  or  a  manse  with  which  he  has  no 
jsociation  or  connection,  and  in  the  teachings  of 
hose  representatives  he  has  no  faith  ?" — The  British 
mend. 

— Boarding  School  for  Frienda'  Children  in  Ben- 
ark. — This  school  was  opened  on  the  10th  of  1st 
lonth,  with  8  scholars,  at  Veile,  on  the  east  coast 
f  Jutland,  Denmark.  The  funds  were  principally 
lpplied  from  England,  though  the  Danish  Friends 
>ntributed  in  proportion  to  their  means. 
—  Withdrawal  from  the  Roman  Church. — The  letter 
f  Monsignor  Savarese,  resigning  his  position  as  one 
f  the  Pope's  Domestic  Prelates,  in  order  to  connect 
imself  with  the  Anglican  Church,  is  published. 
[e  says  withdrawal  from  the  Roman  Church  is  a  very 
ainful  step  to  him,  but  he  has  become  convinced 
lat there  is  no  hope  of  reforming  the  Roman  Curia 
te  adds : 

"  Still,  not  because  I  have  had  to  blush  before  the 
tity,  both  national  and  foreign,  for  the  disorders 
[hich  are  to-day  rampant  in  the  outward  beloug- 
^gs  of  the  Church,  nor  our  inferiority  in  spirit  and 
i  culture  to  our  separated  brethren,  but  the  mani- 
fst  helplessness  of  our  ministry  flowing  therefrom, 
bd  the  ever-increasing  loss  of  souls,  especially 
mong  the  masses  of  people,  who  are  well  nigh  de- 
rived of  all  proper  spiritual  direction ;  this  alone 
as  startled  me  out  of  my  temporizing,  for  indulg- 
iig  which  as  long  as  I  have  I  shall  work  hard  to 
jtone,  if  I  may  thereby  help  to  avert  from  our  dear 
Diintry  the  evils  which,  gathering  like  dark  clouds 
Iyer  her  head,  threaten  to  darken  the  fairest  sky  in 
Europe." 

■  Monsignor  Savarese  was,  for  20  years,  member  of 
te  Ecclesiastical  Court  of  Justice. — Independent. 
—  Bequest  to  Westfown  Bnardin;/  School.  —  The 
binet  of  the  Boarding  School  at  We-ttown,  under 
e  care  of  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia,  re- 
ived a  few  months  since  a  valuable  addition  of 
inerals,  fossils,  coins  and  other  curiosities.  These 
ere  bequeathed  by  Jane  Watson,  of  Massilon,  Ohio, 
-hose  mother  had  been  educated  at  that  school 
lany  years  ago.  A  valuable  part  of  this  gift  is  a 
ollection  of  mosses  nicely  prepared  and  mounted. 
hich  had  obtained  a  medal  and  diploma  from  the 
Centennial  exhibition. 


the  making  of  brooms,  brushes,  carpets,  mat- 
tresses and  other  articles;  aud  in  sewing  and 
knitting,  &c. 

Twenty-third  Report  of  the  Women*  Bos- 
pifcrf,  North  College  Avenue  and  22(1  St.,Phila. 
Number  of  patients  received  in  the  hospital, 
262;  number  attended  at  their  homes,  727; 
number  treated  in  the  Dispensary,  3573. 
Connected  with  this  is  a  training  school  for 
nurses.  With  the  report,  the  Secretary,  E.  F. 
Halloway,  315  Marshall  St.,  sends  the  follow- 
ing appeal  for  aid  :  — 

"The  Managers  of  this  Institution  appeal 
for  aid  in  their  beneficent  work  for  sick  and 
poor  women.  Applications  for  treatment 
come  to  them  not  only  from  the  city,  but  from 
near  and  remote  neighborhoods  ;  but  funds 
are  alarmingly  low,  and  they  ask  for  mono}-, 
dry  goods,  bedding,  (especially  sheets  and 
blankets,)  table  ware,  fuel,  provisions  of  all 
kinds,  under-clothing  for  women,  medicines, 
vials,  old  muslin  or  linen,  &c.  The  managers 
will  thankfully  receive  donations  of  all  the 
above  named  articles  at  the  hospital." 

Seventh  Annua!  Muting  of  the  American  Hu- 
mane Association. — The  reports  and  discussions 
show  that  in  carrying  out  their  purpose  of 
protecting  animals  from  unnecessary  cruelty, 
the  attention  of  the  officers  and  agents  of  the 
Association  had  been  principally  directed  to 
lessening  the  sufferings  of  live-stock  during 
railroad  transportation,  and  to  the  practice  of 
branding  cattle. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Friends'  Institute, 
Philadelphia,  states  that  the  association  has 
removed  its  quarters  from  No.  1413  to  1316 
Filbert  street.  The  rooms  were  visited  dur- 
ing the  past  year  by  an  average  of  nearly  14 
persons  per  day. 

A  letter  from  our  friend  James  H.  Moon, 
of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  now  in  Florida,  states  that 
there  are  seven  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  permanent  settlers  in  that  State, 
within  a  radius  of  one  mile.  They  very  much 
desire  that  other  Friends  coming  to  the  State 
should  know  of  them,  and  be  invited  to  come 
to  the  same  neighborhood  ;  and  they  requested 
that  a  notice  to  that  effect  be  inserted  in  the 
columns  of  "The  Friend."  William  Foster, 
the  oldest  of  their  number,  would  be  their 
correspondent.  Address,  South  Lake  Weir, 
Florida. 


THE    FRIEND. 


THIRD  MONTH  8,  1884. 


We  have  received  a  pamphlet  containing  a 
scription  of  "Friends'  Boarding  School  at 
Jill  Creek,  Indiana,"  which  is  under  the  care 
f  Mill  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  a  branch  of 
he  Western  Yearly  Meeting  (Smaller  Body.) 
This  school  appears  to  be  the  outgrowth  of  a 
eligious  concern  for  the  education  of  the 
hiidren  of  Friends,  under  influences  calcu- 
lated to  promote  their  attachment  to  the 
)rinciples  of  our  Society.  It  was  this  con- 
:crn  which  led  a  woman  Friend  to  donate  a 
arm  of  nearly  80  acres,  to  place  the  school 
in  a  basis  for  permanent  usefulness — on  this 
l  a  boarding-house  for  the  pupils  has  been 
itted  up. 
Admittance  into  the   school   is  limited  to 


members,  and  to  "such  as  are  in  sympathy 

th  us,  who  manifest  a  desire  to  become 
more  acquainted  with  our  principles  and  are 
willing  fully  to  comply  with  our  regulations." 
The  pupils  are  required  to  conform  to  the 
testimonies  of  the  Society  as  to  plainness  in 
language,  dress  and  conduct;  and  to  attend 
meetings  for  worship  in  the  middle  of  the 
week. 

We  sincerely  hope  this  institution,  begun 
in  a  modest  and  simple  way,  may  receive  the 
divine  blessing,  and  prove  of  great  benefit  to 
the  Friends  among  whom  it  is  located.  We 
have  little  doubt  that  this  will  be  the  case,  if 
they  are  willing  to  make  the  necessary  sacri- 
fices for  the  good  of  their  young  people,  and 
are  concerned  to  maintain  a  religious  exercise 
for  their  best  welfare.  We  have  often  felt 
that  there  is  no  substitute  for  this  religious 
exercise  in  the  training  of  the  young;  and 
that  to  produce  the  best  results,  it  must  an' 
mate  parents,  teachers  and  committees.  We 
believe  the  manifest  advantages  which  have 
resulted  to  our  own  Yearly  Meeting  from  the 
School  at  Westtown,  are  largely  due,  under 
the  Divine  blessing,  to  the  godly  concern  in 
which  it  originated,  and  which  continues  to 
be  felt  in  theX'ommittee  which  has  charge  of 
it.  This  concern  leads  those  who  are  imbued 
with  it,  to  watch  with  vigilance  against  the 

traduction  ot  anything  which  may  lead 
away  the  young  people  from  a  love  of  th 
principles  of  Friends,  or  turn  them  aside 
from  following  in  the  footsteps  of  the  flock  of 
Christ's  companions;  it  brings  them  under 
xercise  for  the  spiritual  growth  of  both 
teachers  and  scholars;  and  it  opens  the  way 
for  the  frequent  extension  of  loving  labor, 
privately  and  publicly,  to  the  inmates  of  the 
institution. 

A  friend  has  kindly  called  our  attention  to 
an  article  on  "  Watching,"  on  page  229  of 
"  The  Friend,  copied  from  one  of  our  exchange 
papers.  The  writer  of  that  article,  after 
stating  the  duty  of  watching  that  we  may 
not  fall  into  temptation,  as  enjoined  by  our 
Saviour;  describes,  as  an  illustration  of  his 
subject,  the  vigilance  of  the  Vaudois  on  the 
march  from  Switzerland  to  repossess  their 
ancient  homes.  Their  march  was  attended 
with  a  succession  of  bloody  combats;  and  our 
correspondent  is  uneasy,  lest  the  manner  in 
which  these  are  referred  to,  might  lessen  in 
any  of  our  readers  their  abhorrence  of  war 
and  its  attendant  crimes  and  calamities. 

We  should  be  sorry  indeed,  if  it  should 
have  such  an  effect.  For  while  the  watchful- 
ness against  dangers  which  the  Vaudois_emi-:^ena^;Kansonifrom  (he  CommUtee  on  Am.,roi„,:, 
grants  were  compelled  to  exercise,  turmsbes  lion?)  has  reporteci  back  adversely  the  joint  iesolution 
an  example  of  vigilance  which  it  is  well  to  providing  for  an  appropriation  in  aid  of  the  sufferers 
imitate  in  our  spiritual  journey,  yet  we  can-!  by  the  recent  tornadoes  in  the  South.  He  staled  that 
not   reconcile   their  resoYt  to  outward  arms>  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  "while  the  first  ac- 

.   ,        ,  j         n  a       ;„„„„,.  ,„:,!, 'counts  ot  the  great   sufferings  of  certain   communities 

with   the  commands  of  our  Saviour  or  with  had  ueetl  fll„v",Jlllini,,,i,  Vet  those  sntlcings  were  not 
the  Spirit  of  his  Gospel.  of  that  widespread,  transcendent  and  paramount  charac- 

ter  which   baffled  all  local,  individual,   municipal  and 

State   relief,  so   as   to  demand  ihe  intervention  of  the 

BOOKS   AND    PAMPHLETS    RECEIVED.  Government."     The  House  bill   repealing  the  test  oath 

PallisefS     Useful    Details.  —  Published    by  was  passed  with  an  amendment  providing  that  no  per- 

Palliaer     Palliser-    &    Co      Bridcrenort    Conn  l50n  who  he,d  a  commission  in  the  United  States  army 

Palliser,    Palliser    &    CO.,    U  in.  afterward  engaged  in  the  mili- 


BUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— In   the  U.  S.  Senate,  a  hill   has 

been  reported  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty  to 

the  Indians  on  the    Umatilla  reservation    in  Oregon. 


.',,.,.         ,  ,  i-i  •  ueiore  me  war  ana  was  aoerwaro 

A  series  ot  Architectural  working  drawings, \  ^  naval  or  civil  service  of  the  so-Jailed  Confederate 
designed  for  the  use  of  builders,  cabinet-  States  shall  be  appointed  to  any  position  in  the  army 
makers,  &C 

Fifty-first  Report  of  the  Pennsylvania  Institu- 
tion for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  Philada, 


navy  of  the  United  States. 

In  the  House,  Representative  Morrison,  from  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee,  reported  a  resolution, 
which  was   agreed    to,  directing  the  Secretary  of  the 


The    number  of    inmates  of   the   institution,  Tre';;*n;y70  inform  the  House  how  much  money 
11th  mo.  30th,  1883,  was  187.     These  are  in-  inthe  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  under  what  several 
structed  in  literary  and  scientific  studies;  in   provisions  of  law  it  is  there  retained,  and  how  much, 


24S 


THE    FRIEND. 


in  view  of  tlie  current  receipts,  expenditures  and  legal 
liabilities  of  the  Treasury,  can  be  applied  at  this  time 
in  liquidation  of  that  part  of  the  public  debt  now  pay- 
able without  embarrassing  his  Department. 

The  House  Committee  on  Railways  and  Canals,  has 
ordered  favorable  reports  on  the  bill  appropriating 
$1,000,000  for  the  construction  of  the  Maryland  and 
Delaware  Ship  Canal  ;  the  bill  providing  for  "an  annual 
appropriation  of  $1,000,000  for  ten  years  for  the  per- 
manent improvement  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  to  aid  in 
maintaining  the  same  free  to  the  commerce  of  the  United 
States;  and  the  bill  providing  for  the  construction  of  a 
ship  canal  from  Union  Lake,  in  Washington  Territory, 
to  Puget  Sound. 

The  public  debt  statement  for  Second  month,  shows 
a  reduction  of  $2,5S2,586. 

The  State  Department  is  informed  by  our  Consul  at 
Birmingham,  Eng.,  that  "the  foot  and  mouth  disease 
prevails  among  the  cattle  in  almost  every  county  in 
England."  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  having  been 
furnished  with  this  information,  has  written  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  State  rerpiesting  him  to  notify  United  States 
Consuls  in  Great  Britain  not  to  certify  invoices  of  cattle 
unless,  after  an  examination  of  the  animals  by  a  veter- 
inary surgeon,  they  are  satisfied  that  the  animals  are 
free  from  disease. 

More  than  100  children  of  the  Znni  Indians  in  Colo- 
rado have  died  of  the  measles  within  a  month,  and  the 
disease  is  still  raging. 

A  recent  despatch  from  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  says, 
the  river  is  higher  than  it  has  been  since  1849,  and  is 
still  rising.  Steamers  are  bringing  in  people  and  stock 
from  the  submerged  plantations.  The  whole  country 
for  100  miles  abuve  and  below  Shreveport  is  reported 
to  be  under  water.  The  river  is  filled  with  floating 
debris  and  dead  cattle. 

A  severe  snow  storm  with  heavy  drifting  was  reported 
as  having  occurred  on4(h  month' 26th  and  27th,  on  the 
Manitoba  line.  On  the  3rd  instant  the  "  worst  blizzard 
of  the  season"  was  reported  from  Dakota  and  Northern 
Minnesota.  Wind  velocities  of  40  to  50  miles  an  hour, 
snow  blockades  on  all  the  railroads,  and  a  temperature 
of  10  to  15  degrees  below  zero,  have  prevailed.  A  great 
snow  storm,  with  drifts  12  feet  deep,  is  also  reported  in 
Eastern  Canada. 

New  York  City  has  7326  butchers,  bakers  and  grocers, 
while  there  are  over  10,000  liquor  dealers,  or  about  one 
liquor  saloon  to  every  one  hundred  and  seventy-five 

A  lad,  nged  thirteen,  was  arraigned  in  the  Police 
Court  in  New  York  last  week.  He  is  said  to  he  an 
habitual  drunkard  and  to  have  been  drunk  most  of  the 
time  since  the  beginning  of  the  year. 
_  It  is  stated  that,  notwithstanding  the  continued  ar- 
rivals of  large  cargoes  of  oranges  and  lemons  from 
Mediterranean  ports,  the  glut,  which  prevailed  in  the 
market  for  several  weeks,  is  about  over.  The  importa- 
tions of  oranges  and  lemons  so  far  this  year  have  been 
about  50  per  cent,  greater  than  in  any  previous  year. 

Many  horses  in  this  city  are  suffering  with  a  "disease 
which  attacks  the  fetlocks  and  their  extremities,  half 
way  up  to  their  knees,  producing  swelling,  and,  in  some 
cases,  blood  poisoning.  The  ailment  is  not  a  new  one, 
but  has  extended  to  nearly  all  the  stables  of  the  pas- 
senger railway  and  express  companies. 

An  extensive  lire  occurred  on  the  29th  ultimo,  in  the 
chemical  laboratory  of  Powers  &  Weightman,  of  this 
city.  The  loss  is  estimated  at  between  $75,000  and 
$100,000. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  360, 
which  was  19  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
44  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
176  of  the  whole  number  were  males,  and  184  females  : 
59  died  of  consumption  ;  35  of  pneumonia  ;  18  of  diph- 
theria; 17  of  old  age;  12  of  convulsions;  11  of  Bright's 
disease,  and  9  of  scarlet  fever. 

The  number  of  births  registered  last  year  was  21,237  ; 
number  of  marriages.  8231 ;  number  of  deaths,  20,006. 

Markets,  &e.—V.  S.  4J's,  1135;  4's,  registered,  123; 
coupon,  121  ;  3's,  102;  currency  0's,  129  a  1",7. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.     Sales  of  middlings  are  reported   at 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8;  a  8.1  ets.  for  export, 
and  9$  a  9J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Fluur  was  firmly  held,  but  there  was  very  little  move- 
ment. Sales  of  400  barrels  including  Pennsylvania 
family  at  J4.50  a  $4.75;  150  barrels  Delaware  family, 
at  $5.05;  275  barrels  Ohio  clear  at  $5.65;  300  barrels 
do.  straight  at  $5.95  a  $6  ;  250  barrels  winter  patent  at 
$6.25;  150  barrels  do.  do.  at  $6.50;  200  barrels  do.  do. 
at  $6.75  ;  Minnesota  clear  at  15  a  $5.25  ;  175  barrels  do. 
straight  at  $$5.75;  250  barrels  do.  do.  patent  at  $6.75, 
and  200  barrels  do.  do.  at  $7. 


Grain. — Wheat  was  unsettled.  About  8000  bushels  General  Graham,  after  a  bloody  battle,  defeated  th  . 
of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.15}  a  $1.16;'  rebels  at  Fort  Baker  and  the  wells  of  Teb.  The  spoil ' 
'a  choice  lot  at  $1.16};  No.  2  at  $1.08  a  $1.15$  per  taken  from  Baker  Pasha  were,  in  a  large  measure,  re 
|  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware,  and  No.  3  red  at  covered.  The  losses  of  the  British  were  24  killed  ant 
9S.V  cts.  per  bushel,  and  60,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  142  wounded.  Four  officers  were  killed.  Nineteei 
$1.07f  a  $1.08  3rd  mo.,  S1.09J  a  $1.10  4th  mo.,  $1.12  officers  received  wounds,  including  Baker  Pasha  ant 
a  $1.12J  5th  mo.,  and  $1.13  a  $1.13}  6th  mo.  Corn. —  |  Colonel  Burnaby,  both  of  whom  were  severely  wounded 
Car  lots  were  firm:  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60} -'  The  British  forces  captured  four  Krupp  guns,  twt 
a  62  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow  ;  j  howitzers  and  one  machine  gun.  One  thousand  of  the 
57  a  60  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  rebels  were  killed.  The  British  troops  entered  Toka; 
at  605  «  61}  cts.  3rd  mo.,  61  a  61 J  cts.  4th  mo.,  62}  a 'at  noon  on  Seventh-day,  3d  mo.  1st.  A  few  shots  wen  I 
62|  cts.  5th  too,  and  62.1  a  63  cts.  6th  mo.  Oats.— Car!  exchanged  with  the  enemy,  when  the  4000  rebels  hold  ( 
lots  were  unchanged.  About  111,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  ing  the  town  tied. 
|  at  41  a  43i  cts. 


s.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality, 

No.  2  white  at  42J  a  43}  cts.  3rd  mo.,  43  a  43A  ets.  4th 


The  Island  of  Chios  and  the  towns  of  Chesme  ancj 
....  Vourla,   upon  the  mainland  of  Asia  Minor  near  by»] 
|  mo.,  44  a  44}  cts.  5th  mo.,  and  44}  a  45  cts."6th  mo.   have  been  visited  by  an  earthquake. 
Kye  was  unchanged.  The  St.  Petersburg  Gazette  eays  that  joint  endeavorsj 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  3d  to  preserve  the  peace  of  Europe  will,  no  matter  whall 
mo.  1st,  1884. — Loads  of  hay,  247;  loads  of  straw,  58.  changes  occur,  always  form  a  bond  of  union  betweerl 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a|  Russia  and  Germany. 

$1.00  per  100  lbs.;   mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.;!      A  despatch  dated  the  3d  inst.  from  St.  Petersburg 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds.  states   than   an   alliance   has   been   concluded   betweer| 

Beef  cattle  were  in   fair  demand  and  prices   were  a]  Russia,    Germany    and    Austria.      The    Cossack    regi 
fraction  higher:  2500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif-  ments  will  be  removed  from  the  Austrian  and  Germar 
ferent  yards  at  5  a  7.1  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition,      j  frontiers,  the  status  quo  of  the  Balkan  States  is  guaran- 
Sheep  were  a  fraction  lower:    11,000   head  arrived   teed,  and  Russia  covenants  to  give  no  aid  to  French! 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  3  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  schemes   for   revenge   upon    Germany.      The   Germar! 


5}  a  7J  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 


Ministerial    organs 


the   alliance   of   Russia,; 

Hogs  were  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged:  3500  Germany  and  Austria  with  a  coming  league  of  tht| 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  8  a  1  Of  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  Continental  Powers  against  the  maritime  and  com-i 
condition.  I  mercial  preponderance  of  England.     A  notable  article  I 

Foreign. — A  notable  event  in  the  House  of  Com-'  appears  in  the  Kreuz  Zeilunn,  which  predicts  the  forms- 
mons  on  the  26th  ultimo,  was  the  election  of  the  new,  tion  of  a  league,  including  France,  to  break  the  insular! 
Speaker.  As  had  been  decided  some  time  ago,  the  only  supremacy  of  England,  which,  it  says,  by  the  annexa-j 
candidate  was  Arthur  Wellesley  Peel,  who  sits  for  War-  tion  of  Egypt,  has  completed  the  links  of  a  gigantic 
I  wick.  His  name  was  presented  by  Samuel  Whitebread,  'chain  extending  from  Gibraltar  to  C.iina,  and  coiled' 
Liberal  member  for  Bedford.  The  nomination  was  [  around  the  body  of  Europe,  monopolizing  the  commerce 
seconded  by  William  Rathbone,  Liberal  member  for  of  the  world,  and  making  the  Mediterranean  and  IndianJ 
Carnarvarshire,  whereupon  he  was  elected  without  op-  Ocean  English  lakes, 
position.  |      The  Legislature  of  British  Columbia  has  just  passed! 

On  the  2Sth  Prime  Minister  Gladstone  introduced  two  bills,  one  of  which  imposes  an  import  duty  of  fifty  I 
in  the  House  of  Commons  a  franchise  bill,  which,  he' dollars  on  the  head  of  every  new  comer  from  China.! 
said,  would  strengthen  the  State  by  enfranchising  the  The  other  bill  taxes  each  Chinese  resident  of  British 
people  who  are  capable  of  exercising  the  lights  of  fran-J  Columbia  ten  dollars  a  year  for  a  license  to  exist, 
chise.  America,  he  declared,  had  only  recovered  from  Willie  Gray,  14  years  of  age,  "  of  highly  respectable] 
(he  civil  war  so  quickly  because  of  the  fact  that  every  |  parentage,"  has  been  detected  in  a  $300  forgery  in' 
capable  citizen  bad  been  entrusted  with  the  rights  of  Montreal.  He  and  two  companions  were  about  to  startl 
franchise.  To  introduce  separate  franchise  bills  for'forNew  York  when  he  was  arrested,  and  they  "had[ 
England,  Ireland  and  Scotland,  with  a  prospect  of  i  thirty  dime  novels  in  their  possession." 
carrying  the  English  and  Scotch  bills  and  leaving  the'  A  telegram  from  Montreal  says  that  "immigrants,! 
Irish  bill  to  take  its  chances,  would  be  altogether  im-J  ill-clad  and  in  a  state  of  starvation,"  have  been  arriving) 
practicable.  The  arguments  in  favor  of  a  uniform  bill  in  that  city  of  late,  "  and  are  pitiable  sights,  wandering! 
were    unanswerable.     Nothing   could    induce    him    to  through  the  streets  with  scarcely  clothing  enough  to 


abandon  such  a  bill.  Redistribution  of  the  Parlia 
mentary  constituencies  must  follow  the  reform  of  the 
franchise.  But  if  the  two  questions  were  embodieil  in 
the  same  bill  it  would  prove  fatal  to  both.  He  en- 
treated his  supporters  not  to  endanger  the  success  of 
the  bill  by  proposing  additions.  This  measure,  by 
greatly  extending  the  franchise,  and  placing  the  votes 
of  boroughs  and  counties  upon  an  equal  footing,  would 
increase  the  voting  power  of  the  United  Kingdom  by 
about  2,000,000.  Of  this  number  England  would  fur- 
nish 1,300,000,  Ireland  400,000,  and  Scotland  200,000. 
The  result  was  certainly  worth  attaining.  If  this  mi 
sure  should  become  a  law,  then  their  constituents  woi 
form  a  compact  mass  who  would  rally  around  the  throne, 
which  they  all  loved  so  well,  and  to  the  support  of  the 
Constitution,  which  would  be  stronger  than  ever. 

Nearly  500  of  the  inquests  held  in  England  and 
Wales  in  1883  resulted  in  a  verdict  of  "died  from  ex- 
cessive drinking." 

On  the  1st  inst.  a  black  bag,  made  of  American  cloth, 
was  found  in  the  cloak-room  of  the  Ludgate  Hill 
station,  London,  containing  dynamite.  It  contained 
between  30  and  40  cakes  of  a  whitish-yellow  color,  like 
compressed  powder.  Each  packet  was  enclosed  in 
paper  and  all  were  packed  around  a  small  alarm  clock, 
to  which  a  pistol  was  attached.  This  was  so  arranged 
that  when  the  clock  run  down  it  would  lire  the  contents 
of  the  pistol  among  the  packets.  The  dynamite,  if  it 
had  been  exploded,  would  have  destroyed  the  arches  sup- 
porting the  passenger  platform  and  made  the  station  a 
wreck.  The  English  Government  have  decided  to  send 
a  courteous  despatch  to  America  relative-  to  tin.-  action 

miters.      Four    railway    companies    oiler   a    reward    of 

£1000  for  the  detection  of  the  authors  of  th itrages. 

The  French  authorities  are  aiding  the  English  de- 
tectives in  their  efforts  to  discover  the  dynamite  con- 
spirators. The  Fenians  have  become  alarmed  al  this, 
ami  are  preparing   to  remove  their  headquarters   from 

On  Sixth-day,  4th  mo.  29th,  the  British  troops  under 


cover  their  nakedn 

Lima,  3d  mo.  2d. — In  the  Assembly  yesterday,  Gene- ' 
ral  Iglesias  took  the  office  as  Provisional  President.       ] 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
A  Stated   Meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Admissions 
will  be  held  in  the  Committee-room,  Fourth  and  Arch 
Sts.,  on  Seventh-day,  the  15th  inst.,  at  10  o'clock  A.  M 
Jno.  W.  Biddle,  Clerk. 


BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to   assist  in 
working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  when 
out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  d 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


to 


ANNUAL  MKFTING  OF  TIIF  COXTRI RUTORS 
TO  THE  ASYLUM. 
A  Stated  Annual  Meeting  of  the  "  Contributors  to  the 
Asylum  for  the  Relief  of  Persons  Deprived  of  the  Use 
of  their  Reason,"  will  be  held  on  Fourth-day,  the  12th 
of  Third  month,  1884,  at  3  o'clock,  r.  M.,  at  Arch  Sire 
Meeting-house,  Philadelphia. 

Thomas  Scattekoood,  Clerk. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

A\;,r  Frankfort,  [Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 

Physician  and  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  lor  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  anv  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 

WILLIAM  II.  l'ILK,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  THIRD  MONTH  15,  1384. 


NO.    3  2. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  BtJRLINGTON  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  242.) 

9th  mo.  1793.  "My  solitaiy  evening  walks 
were  many,  as  well  as  those  by  day;  in  some 
of  which,  while  sinking  deep  in  meditation,  my 
feelings  have  been  suddenly  arrested  and  I 
stopped  under  the  awfulness  of  the  impres- 
sions which  were  felt;  and  in  this  situation 
have  remembered  the  trials  of  Job,  Jeremiah, 
and  of  Peter,  who  were  ready  to  open  their 
mouths  and  curse  the  dajT  that  gave  birth  to 
their  existence.  Sometimes  tempted  to  cast 
off  all  pretensions  to  religion  and  return  to  my 
former  habits  and  course  of  life,  where  living 
I  listed  under  the  government  of  the 
natural  passions  and  propensities,  when  I 
seemed  to  fear  no  one,  or  no  thing,  but  now 
afraid  of  my  own  shadow  ;  but  the  knowl- 
edge I  had  already  attained  of  the  goodness 
and  excellency  of  the  Truth  was  in  part  my 
preservation.  Having  become  too  well  ac- 
quainted with  my  own  weakness  and  infirmi- 
ties, and  responsibility,  to  presume  upon  such 

miserable  dilemma,  I  rather  chose  to  endure 

niction  under  the  rod  of  Divine  correction, 
than  to  enjoy  the  pleasures  of  sin  for  a  season, 
believing  that  whom  the  Lord  loveth  He 
chasteneth,  and  scourgeth  every  son  whom  He 
receiveth. 

Thus  was  my  life  one  continued  scene  of 
trials,  and  succession  of  temptations,  with  very 
little  intermission;  but  through  all  I  was  so 
far  preserved  from  sinking  or  giving  out,  that 
I  gave  punctual  and  diligent  attendance  to 
all  our  meetings  as  they  came  in  course, 
was  a  great  strength  to  me. 

11th  month.  The  forepart  of  this  month 
died  that  dear  and  worthy  elder  and  nursin 
father  in  the  Church,  Daniel  Newhall.  In  his 
lily  I  had  made  my  home  most  part  of 
several  years,  and  under  whose  roof  was  my 
best  outward  retreat.  He  was  indeed  a  foster 
ing  father  to  me  in  my  tender  years,  at  the 
commencement  of  my  religious  exercises.  It 
seemed  a  loss  to  mo  irreparable,  as  it  cut  off 

ly  best  outward  succor  ;  taken  from  me 
the  midst  of  my  trials,  when  his  fatherly  aid 
and  advice  was,  to  appearance,  the  most 
needed.  So  I  was,  in  wisdom  no  doubt,  bereft 
of  a  friend  and  counsellor  in  whom  I  could 
confide  as  a  sincere  and  faithful  adviser  in  all 
things  coming  within  the  limits  of  his  capa- 
city, and  left  to  stand  alone  amid  all  my  trials 


nd  varied  besetments,  for  the  Lord  will  not  and  Eebecca  Chase  of  Salem,  a  youngwoman 
give  his  glory  unto  another.  But  he  has  gone! to  whom  I  was  most  affectionately  cemented 
from  a  scene  of  conflicts  to  be  partaker  of  a  in  heart,  and  one  who  could  mourn  with  me 
heavenly  inheritance,  and  his  works  follow  when  I  mourned,  and  rejoice  in  my  rejoicings, 
him  unto  a  glorious  reward.  and  whose  God  was  my  God. 

■•1704.  3rd   month.     This  day  is  a  day  of  i      "  1796,  3rd  month.      Many  were  the  efforts 

>ainful  and  laborious  exercise,  my  poor  soul  .of  exercised  Friends  to  raise  my  desponding 
seems  sinking  in  despair!  It  verily  seems  as  spirits  above  the  waves  of  affliction  which  had 

f  the  Almighty  has  turned  his  back  upon  me!  long  been  rolling  over  my  head,  and  through 

ind  I  have  neither  Lord,  Saviour  nor  Re-  which  I  had  been  for  several  years  wading; 
deemer  to  call  upon  !  O,  I  fear  He  will,  if  He  but  all  were  unavailing— the  time  was  not 
does  not  already,  laugh  at  my  calamities,  and  yet  come. 

mock  when  my  fear  cometh  !  Wherefore,  O I  " I  waded  through  this  year  also.  Month 
Lord,  doest  thou  cast  me  off  forever!  Why  after  month  did  I  seek  after  that  word  of  life 
hiilest  thou  thy  face  from  mo  in  the  day  of  my  and  truth  which  my  panting  and  exercised 
most  soul-distressing  calamities!  What  can  soul  longed  for,  and  which  it  had  at  times, 
the    cause?     O,   that   thou    wouldest    be  within  a  few  years,  been  made  a  joyful  par- 


pleased  to  make  it  known  !  Search  me,  O 
Lord,  and  try  my  heart!  Try  me  and  know 
my  thoughts!  and  if  there  beany  wicked  way 
or  thing  in  me,  do  thou  it  away,  and  lead  me 
n  the  way  everlasting.  For  without  thee  I 
am  forever  undone,  body,  soul  and  spirit,  not 
only  in  this  world,  but  in  the  world  to  come! 

0  Lord,  a  Saviour  or  I  die  1  a  Redeemer  or  I 
perish !  and  everlasting  misery  be  my  por- 
tion !  So  bewailed  I  my  condition  in  accents 
of  bitter  lamentations,  when  all  succor  and 
all  refuge  seemed  to  fail. 

Friends  wanting  a  teacherfor  their  school, 
solicited  me  to  take  the  charge  of  it ;  but  know- 
ing my  want  of  qualifications  I  hesitated  some 
time,  but  at  length  consented,  and  this  day, 
7th  month  1st,  commenced  the  task.  As  it 
was  new  work  with  me,  it  was  felt  to  be  no 
light  charge,  especially  with  a  mind  depressed 
as  mine  was  at  that  time.  Many  of  the  chil- 
dren being  in  an  uncultivated  state,  and  by 
long  neglect  destitute  of  that  civil  breedin 
that  would  render  the  task  pleasing,  with  a 
combination  ofothercircumstances,  thechargc 
was  felt  to  be  important,  and  the  responsi 
bility,  at  times,  almost  too  much  to  sustain. 

"This  year,  David  Sands  came  in  these 
parts  again,  having  been  here  and  spent  mucl 
time  twice  before.  He  was  now  on  his  way 
to  embark  for  Europe  on  a  religious  visit.  I 
was  much  in  his  company,  and  found  him  to 
possess  an  uncommonly  sympathetic  mind, 
often  in  sympathy  with  those  who  were  in 
affliction.  He  was  divers  times  brought  into 
very  near  feeling  with  me  in  my  afflictions. 
and  he  tried  to  help  me,  but  it  availed  little. 
In  vain  was  the  help  of  man.  The  time  for 
my  relief  was  not  yet  come;  nor  was  he  the 
instrument  to  effect  it.  So  I  went  bowed 
down  still. 

"Martha  Routh,  from  Great  Britain,  came 
also  among  us  about  this  time,  accompanied 
by  Lydia  Rotch,  and  some  encouragement 
was  derived  from  them,  but  nothing  perma 
nent.  Yet  it  is  desirable  to  appreciate  all  the 
favors  vouchsafed,  and  to  commemorate  all 
the  Lord's  mercies  towards  me  in  the  day  of 
my  affliction. 

1  "  1795,  4th  month  16th.  This  day  I  was 
married  to  Hannah  Chase,  daughter  of  Abner 


taker  of.  But  such  were  the  trials  of  this 
year,  I  was  sometimes  tempted  to  dismiss  all 
belief  in  the  existence  of  a  God;  and  went  so 
far,  one  day,  as  to  express  myself  to  some 
friends,  while  tenderly  endeavoring  to  raise 
my  desponding  spirits,  and  to  strengthen  me 
n  that  faith  which  is  able  to  remove  moun- 
tains, that  '  I  did  not  know  there  was  such  a 
being  as  a  God.'  They  were  much  surprised 
at  the  expression,  and  were  struck  silent; 
but  could  command  neither  dew  nor  rain. 

"  But  that  gracious  and  merciful  Being  who 
is  long-suffering  and  of  tender  mercy,  and 
suffereth  not  a  hair  or  a  sparrow  to  fall  to  the 
ground  without  his  providence,  saw  my  con- 
dition, and  in  compassionate  regard  to  the 
sincerity  of  my  heart,  was  with  me  when  I 
knew  it  not.  The  arm  of  his  never  failing 
mercy  was  round  about  me  in  secret,  and  did 
preserve  me  from  totally  denying  Him,  in  this 
great  extremity  of  affliction  and  anguish  of 
soul,  when  all  refuge  seemed  to  fail  me. 

"  The  latter  part  of  this  year  Micajah  Dud- 
ley from  the  District  of  Maine,  accompanied 
by  William  Brown,  was  sent  among  us,  which 
was  cause  of  some  strength,  and  encourage- 
ment to  hold  on  a  little  longer.  This  was 
noticed  among  other  favors  vouchsafed. 

"1797,3rd  month.  Accompanied  by  my 
wife,  John  Pratt,  and  Estes  Newhall,  I  at- 
tended Sandwich  Quarterly  Meeting.  While 
there  one  evening,  nry  poor  depressed  soul  was 
renewedly  raised  and  inexpressibly  strength- 
ened by  the  powerful  testimony  of  James 
Davis,  at  a  sitting  at  our  lodgings.  He  knew 
nothing  of  my  condition,  but  was  enabled  to 
point  it  out  as  though  he  had  been  acquainted 
with  me,  and  with  the  varied  trials  and  con- 
flicts I  had  to  encounter  for  several  years 
past.  It  was  greatly  to  my  humbling  admi- 
ration, and  by  it  I  was  melted  into  very  great 
contrition  ;  and  strengthened  to  persevere  in 
the  way  cast  up  for  me  however  hard  to  flesh 
and  blood,  or  crucifying  to  the  will  of  the 
creature.  It  is  by  an  entire  submission  to  the 
crucifying  operation  of  the  cross  of  Jesus 
Christ,  that  the  soul  becomes  reconciled  to 
God. 

"  Oft  has  it  been  to  my  admiration,  through 
the  several  stages  of  my  experience,  to  see 


250 


THE    FRIEND. 


how  Infinite  Wisdom  has  mercifully  portioned 
the  cup  of  Buffering  to  the  present  state  and 
strength  of  the  mind.  Blessed  be  the  Lord, 
his  mercy  endureth  forever." 

"  In  the  7th  month,  Charity  Cook,  on  a  re- 
ligious visit  from  South  Carolina,  came  to  our 
house  with  Lydia  Hoskins.  Tbey  attended 
our  meeting,  and  theirvisit  was  truly  strength- 
ening to  my  struggling  mind.  Charity  Cook 
began  her  testimony  by  saying,  'Is  there  none 
that  doeth  good  ?  I  was  ready  to  say  in  my 
heart,  no  :  not  one.  But  it  seems  to  me  there 
are  a  few  who  take  a  few  steps  forward,  and 
then  twice  as  many  back.'  After  which  the 
language  of  encouragement  flowed,  by  which 
my  soul  was  strengthened  to  hold  on  its 
wav." 

"7th  month,  1798.  Silas  Downing  and 
James  Mott  were  with  us,  on  their  way  east- 
ward on  a  religious  visit,  and  again  on  their 
return.  It  was  a  cordial  in  the  day  of  dis- 
tress. Kiss  the  rod,  O  my  soul!  that  hath 
corrected  thee,  and  bless  the  staff  that  hath 
been  thy  support." 

"  10th  month  15th.  Great  want  attends 
every  day's  exercise.  Want  of  ability  U 
breathe  effectually  and  relievingly  unto  ilin 
who  is  spirit  and  life,  and  who  requires  un 
reserved  dedication  to  his  service. 

•'  16th.  Some  close  exercise  of  mind  this 
morning.  The  language  of  ancient  prophecy, 
'  Keep  silence  before  mo,  O  islands,  and  let  the 
people  renew  their  strength,'  springing  up, 
silenced  all  the  fluctuations  and  perturbations 
of  the  mind,  and  centered  it  in  quietness  and 
composure.  O  for  the  continuance  of  such  a 
favor." 

"24th.  Went  to  our  mid-week  meeting  under 
depression  of  spirits;  but  in  a  good  degree  of 
resignation.  This  world's  enjoyments  were 
reduced  to  their  proper  value,  in  which  some 
consolation  seemed  to  spring.  O  the  danger 
of  being  deceived  and  of  deceiving!  May 
every  vestige  of  the  deceiver  be  discovered 
and  defeated,  and  nothing  received  but  pure 
unmingled  Truth. 

"25th.  Tried  much  every  way.  Great  want 
of  strength  and  of  fortitude  to  support  the 
true  dignity  of  a  Christian — may  nothing 
short  of  this  be  my  aim. 

"  26th.  Secret  breathings  after  that  faith 
which  gives  victory  over  every  inordinate 
propensity,  and  centres  all  the  desires  in  God. 
But  O  the  conflicts  attending  every  day's  pro- 
gress.    It  is  a  pretty  constant  warfare. 

"27th.  Pressing  want  of  that  which  con- 
stitutes the  Christian's  strength,  and  centres 
all  the  faculties  of  the  soul  in  an  entire  de- 
pendence upon  the  God  of  1113'  life.  Visited 
Ruben  Collins,  a  young  man  and  member  of 
our  Society,  very  sick  with  a  fever.  Some 
solemn  considerations  took  place  on  the  final 
close  of  all  terrestrial  and  passing  enjoyments. 
Strength  is  wanting  to  resign  all  to  the  con- 
trol of  that  power  which  alone  can  prepare 
for  a  peaceful  close.  On  that  account,  0  how 
am  I  humbled  ! 

(To  be  continued.) 

Child  in  religious  experience  and  in  knowl- 
edge of  life,  if  ever  thou  readest  this,  let  me 
counsel  thee,  without  being  enthusiastic,  not 
to  throw  away  clear  impressions  even  with 
regard  to  the  affairs  of  this  world — affairs  in 
which  the  worldly-wise  and  perhaps  some  of 
the  good,  may  say  faith  has  nothing  to  do. 
But  I  believe  it  often  has  to  do  with  little 
things,  for  as  tbe  foolishness  of  (Jod  is  wiser 


than  the  wisdom  of  men,  so  He  who  can  see 
present  and  future  at  one  glance,  may  well 
see  on  what  apparently  trifling  or  indifferent 
things  hangs  much  that  is  of  great  importance 
to  Ins  weak  creature  man.  "  In  all  thy  ways 
acknowledge  Him,  and  He  shall  direct  thy 
aths." 


The  Chinese  in  California. 


come  to  California,  and  there  invest  his  capi- 
tal in  mining  stocks.     The  good  old  man  did 
is  children  desired  him;  be,  with  his  wife, 
came  here  with  the  money  and  invested  it  in 
stocks,  and  that  was  the  last  of  it.    They  veryi 
soon  found  themselves  paupers.    The  county, 
for  some  time  before  he  died,  allowed  them  a 
monthly  pittance.     Shortly  before    he   died, 
(only  last  8th  month),  he  told  me  that  this 
same  Jim,  the  Chinaman,  bad  for  years  in  ai 
quiet  way  been  their  best  helper;  many  times-1 
giving  them,  and  often  of  an  evening  would 
bring   them  over  provisions,  such  as  a  ham, 
or  a  sack  of  flour,  &c. ;  and  now,  only  a  few. 
days  ago,  the  doctor's  wife  told  me  that  when 
the   good   old   man  was  laid  to  bed  with  his.'- 
last  sickness,  Jim  came   to  the  doctor  andj 
asked   him   to   attend  to  him,  and   he  would! 
pay  the  bill.     Is  there  not  something  in  this 
very  like  to  the  parable  of  the  good  Samari- 
tan?   Only  this  is  a  good  Chinaman,  and  the 
majority  of  people  don't  believe  in  the  exist- 
ence of  such  a  man. 

It  is  a  common  saying  among  our  anti- 
Chinese  people,  that  the  Chinese  will  steal; 
but  the  writer  has  not  changed  his  mind  in. 
regard  to  their  honesty  since  writing  on  the 
subject  in  the  article  oi*3rd  mo.  1S79.     In  the 


An  article  bearing  the  above  caption  ap- 
peared in  "The  Friend"  of  the  3rd  mo.  5th, 
1879,  contributed  by  the  writer,  who  was  at 
that  time  living  in  a  distant  part  of  this  great 
State.  To-day  that  article  was  frequently 
in  mind,  and  especially  that  part  desiring 
Friends  to  translate  some  of  their  Tracts  into 
Chinese  for  distribution  on  this  coast.  Which 
desire  was  almost  immediately  gratified,  by 
a  kind  Friend  in  Philadelphia,  who  had  Tract 
No.  130  translated  for  that  purpose,  and  quite 
an  edition  of  the  same  was  published  a  few 
months  afterwards.  A  great  number  of  them 
have  been  distributed  on  this  coast,  and  we 
fondly  hope  in  some  cases  with  a  blessing. 

Several  Christians  of  other  denominations 
have  asked  and  received  supplies  of  them  for 

distribution.  But  the  best  field  we  have  found  j  basement  of  my  store  is  a  repair  shop,  with} 
for  distributing  has  been  our  ferry  boats  be-all  sorts  of  wood-working  tools,  where  our 
tween  San  Francisco  and  Oakland— as  busi-  China  neighbors  often  call  to  borrow  a  sawj 
ness  frequently  leads  us  that  way — and  alsOjOr  plane;  or,  maybe,  do  some  small  job  at  ai 
on  the  street  cars,  where  many  have  been  bench  themselves ;  but  nothing  is  ever  lost  byl 
given  away  and  all  kindly  received,  and  from  them.  Occasionally  they  may  run  a  saw  on 
all  appearance  all  have  been  read.  Judging  a  nail,  but  if  they  do  a  new  file  is  tendered,! 
from  the  way  tbey  almost  all  commence  read- 'or  money  equivalent  to  the  damage.  A  few 
ing  a  Tract  on  receipt  of  the  same,  I  am  led  months  ago,  a  plane  was  missing  and  could 
to°believe  that  but  a  very  small  percentage  not  be  found.  I  reported  the  loss  to  Jim,  say-j 
of  the  Chinese  are  unable  to  read;  and  I  find  ing  that  I  thought  some  Chinaman  bad  got 
out  now  that  these  few  are  of  those  who  come  it;  and  from  all  appearance  a  strict  search  was 
here  little  boys,  and  who  are  not  welcomed 'made  in  the  two  neighboring  wash-houses 
to  our  schools.  The  first  I  knew  of  any  of  .without  finding  it.  The  next  day  I  was  waited 
this  class  was  about  two  years  ago.  Onedayjon  by  a  real  patriarchal-looking  individual, 
I  had  been  to  a  wash-house  on  the  next  street' quite  advanced  in  years,  who  no  doubt  was 
near  my  store,  and  had  given  away  some  [deputed  to  call  on  me,  and  explain  matters, 
tracts;  shortly  after  my  return  a }roung  China-  which  he  did  in  a  dignified  manner — using, 
man  came  in  with  one  of  the  tracts  in  his  good  English.  He  assured  me  that  no  China- 
hand,  and  asked  me  to  tell  him  what  it  was  man  in  either  of  the  wash-houses  would  in 
bout,  I  felt  quite  astonished  at  his  question,  I  the  least  injure  any  property  belonging  to  me.j 
and  asked  him,  Why  !  can't  you  read  ?  He  After  a  few  other  words  of  friendly  regard,  he 
said,  "No:  I  cannot  read  Chinese,  and  but  very  retraced  his  steps  to  the  wash-house  with  a 
little  English.  I  came  to  California  when  ajsolemn,  measured  tread,  dignified  by  a  very 
little  boy,  and  had  no  one  to  learn  me  hero."  long,  swinging  cue.  A  few  days  after  this, 
I  then  asked  why  he  did  not  get  one  of  his 'the  missing  plane  was  found,  laid  away  upon 
fellow-workmen  to  read  it  to  him.  He  said  a  brace  in  the  shop  by  some  thoughtless  world 
"that  there  was  no  Christian  amongthem, and  man — when  Jim  was  again  employed  to  ex- 
on  that  account  they  were  all  opposed  to  him  plain  and  apologize. 

and  his  religion."  I  had  the  pleasure  of  many  I  write  of  these  traits  of  Chinese  character 
pleasant  interviews  with  this  young  man  in  order  to  show  the  readers  of  "  The  Friend" 
afterwards;  but  he  only  remained  a  month  or |that  they  are  a  people  worthy  of  our  best 
two  in  our  town,  during  which  time  he  often  efforts  to  raise  them  to  a  higher  standard  in 
came  over  with  his  English  school  reader  to  the  Christian  life,  especially  as  they  are  so 
get  some  explanations;    whilst    occasionally  susceptible  of  good  impressions. 


he  would  call  at  our  house  of  an  evening, 
when  my  little  grandson  would  become  his 
tutor. 

We  have  one  Chinaman  here  whom  every 
one  calls  China  Jim.  lie  has  been  proprietor 
of  the  above  mentioned  wash-house  for  some 
years,  and  is  a  man  of  a  very  generous  dis- 
position ;  and,  we  trust,  one  who  has  become 
savingly  acquainted  with  the  way  of  salva- 
tion. The  following  facts  concerning  Jim  go 
to  show  that  even  a  (  'liinuman  can  exemplify 
some  beautiful  traits  of  Christianity. 

Some  few  years  ago,  a  well-to-do  but  aged 
farmer  in  the  Mate  of  New  York,  was  in- 
duced to  sell  his  farm  and  all  that  he  had.  and 


I  now  think  of  one  who  was  brought  to  a 
saving  knowledge  of  the  truth,  in  our  town, 
a  few  years  ago.  The  poor  fellow  could  not 
rest  until  he  went  back  to  China  in  order  to 
tell  his  father  and  mother  what  the  Lord  had 
done  for  him.  He  has  since  returned,  and 
reports  his  visit  signally  blessed  not  only  to 
his  father  and  mother,  but  also  to  many  of 
their  neighbors. 

And  now,  as  almost  all  of  these  people  are 
good  readers,  here  is  an  open  door  for  somo 
Friends  who  can  spare  a  few  dollars,  to  pub- 
lish one  or  two  more  of  Friends'  Tracts  for 
(heir  benefit. —  Feci.  xi.  1.  T.  1). 

San  Len-ndro,  Cal..  12th  mo.  24th,  1883. 


THE    FBIEND. 


251 


For  "The  Friend." 

Dorothea  Scott. 

Before  me  lies  a  volume  of  singular  interest, 
bearing  date  of  the  last  year  (1883).  printed 
at  Oxford,  England,  for  private  circulation. 
It  isentitled  "Dorothea  Scott, otherwise  Goth- 
erson  and  Hogben,  of  Egerton  House,  Kent, 
1611 — 1680.  A  new  and  enlarged  edition, 
by  G.  D.  Scull,  editor  of  the  Evelyns  in 
America,"  &c* 

We  propose  to  give  to  the  readers  of  "  The 
Friend,"  a  sketch  of  Dorothea  Scott,  around 
whom  the  interest  of  this  volume  mainly 
revolves. 

Many  of  the  early  Friends  were  of  honor- 
able descent,  and  Dorothea  Scott  was  con- 
nected by  blood  with  the  sovereigns  of  France 
and  England,  from  Charlemagne  and  William 
the  Conqueror,  down  to  Henry  III.  of  Eng- 
land, and  with  the  still  more  worthy  who  have 
been  distinguished  for  learning  and  legal  ac- 
quirements. One  of  her  grandmothers  was 
Jane  Wyatt,  a  daugbterof  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt, 
who  led  a  revolt  in  favor  of  Lady  Jane  Grey, 
and  who  was  defeated  and  executed.  His 
father  was  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  the  elder,  the 
distinguished  poet,  diplomatist  and  minister 
of  Henry  VIII.,  whom  Green,  in  his  ''short 
History  of  England,"  has  pronounced   "the 

*  Beneath  this  volume  lies  another  of  precisely  the 
same  size  and  shape,  the  small  square  quarto  familiar 
to  our  fathers  of  the  17th  century,  as  the  form  in  which 
so  many  of  Friends'  controversial  Tracts  appeared.  The 
last  is  a  rare  and  valuable  copy  of  Barclay's  Apology, 
printed  in  the  year  1678,  the  year  of  its  first  issue  in 
English.  The  Title  of  this  copy  is  worded  differently 
from  the  edition  now  in  vogue,  and  is  as  follows:  "An 
Apology  for  the  True  Christian  Divinity,  as  the  same 
is  held  forth  and  preached  by  the  People  called  in  scorn\ 
Quakers;  Being  a  full  Explanation  and  Vindication  of 
their  Principles  and  Doctrines,  by  many  arguments, 
deduced  from  Scripture  and  right  Reason  and  the  Tes- 
timony of  famous  Authors,  both  ancient  and  modern, 
with  a  full  answer  to  the  strongest  objections  usually 
made  against  them.  Presented  to  the  king.  Written 
and  published  in  Latine  for  the  information  of  strangers, 
by  Robert  Barclay,  and  now  put  into  onr  own  language 
for  the  benetit  of  his  countrymen  "  *  *  *  Then  follow 
sundry  most  pertinent  texts,  and  "Printed  in  the  year 
1678." 

This  volume  is  very  strongly  bound  in  calf,  which  is 
not  much  abraded  by  the  wear  of  two  centuries,  is  in 
perfect  condition  within,  evidencing  that  it  was  held  in 
esteem  by  its  owners,  whose  names  appear  in  sundry 
places,  by  which  we  learn  that  it  was  the  property  of 
David  Davis,  senior,  and  of  his  wife  Dorothy  Davis; 
while  the  names  of  several  of  their  children,  Mercy 
Amy,  Hannah,  and  David  Davis,  junior,  have  been 
written  in  clear  round  hand  upon  the  fly-leaves. 
Further,  a  more  ancient  hand,  in  a  style  more  antique 
than  that  of  Dorothea  [Seott]  Gotherson,  has  inscribed 
his  estimate  of  the  book  in  the  imperfect  measure  com- 
mon in  that  day,  in  the  following  words: 

"  The  most  of  men  that  are  taught  in  Truth  Devine, 

Pride,  covetousness  and  earthly  wisdom  Decline. 

This  book  will  shoe  to  Read  itt  Through, 

Itt  is  no  vain  pretence, 

Will  tend  to  make  men  Wise,  and  gain  the  Prise 

And  True  and  real  Experience." 
The  three  editions  of  Barclay's  Apology,  published  in 
1678,  appear  to  have  sufficed  for  23  years,  no  other 
having  been  issued  until  the  4th  was  printed  by  T. 
Sowle,  in  London,  in.  1701.  Whether  our  copy  be- 
longed to  Dorothea  [Scott]  Gotherson,  who  came  to 
America  in  1680,  we  cannot  determine,  but  David 
Davis,  Sen.,  was  her  grandson,  who  had  preceded  his 
father  John  Davis,  by  removing  from  Oyster  Bay,  Long 
Island,  about  the  year  1705,  to  Pilesgrove  township, 
Salem  county,  New  Jersey,  where  he  became  a  large 
landowner,  and  judge  of  Salem  county  courts.  The 
career  of  David  Davis  terminated  about  a  century  ago, 
hut  he  left  many  descendants  residents  of  Salem  and 
Cumberland  counties  and  Philadelphia.  Soraeof  whom 
have  played  an  important  part  in  the  activities  of  the 
past  and  passing  generations. 


bravest  and  most  accomplished  Englishman 
of  his  day." 

Her  royal  and  noble  descent,  Dorothea  re- 
garded in  its  true  light,  as  of  no  real  worth 
compared  with  that  crown  immortal  which 
fadeth  not  away,  and  which  she  looked  for  as 
did  the  apostle,  that  "  the  Lord  the  righteous 
judge  would  give  to  her  at  that  day,"  the  great 
day  of  final  account.  Her  estimate  of  title  is 
set  forth  in  her  "Call  to  Repentance"  in  the 
following  language  :  "Oh  3-ou  nobles  of  Eng- 
land, who  are  as  noble  as  the  earth  can  make 
you;  your  estate  I  know  to  be  but  low,  and 
on  perishing  things  you  feed  ;  the  Lord's  table 
that  should  make  you  truly  noble,  you  will 
not  come  unto  ;  for  I  believe  He  hath  knocked 
at  the  door  of  your  hearts  and  would  have 
supped  with  3011;  but  ye  would  none  of  the 
Lord's  supper  and  his  counsel,  and  therefore 
you  cannot  in  that  estate  partake  of  his  table. 
Oh  consider  3-our  estate  a  little,  all  you  who 
are  set  upon  an  unholy  hill,  }rour  mountain 
must  be  overturned;  *  *  oh  that  )7ou  could 
believe  to  the  overturning  of  the  strongholds] 
of  sin  and  Satan,  that  Eight  Honourable  3-011 1 
might  be.  *  *  Oh  what  a  degenerating  fromj 
truth  is  here  called  'Right  Honourable  and 
truly  noble,'  and  3-et  known  to  be  out  of  that 
which  01113-  makes  so!" 

Dorothea  Scott  was  the  3-oungest  child  of| 
Thomas  Seott,  of  Egerton,  Kent,  England, 
and  was  born  in  1611.  Her  great-grandfather,' 
Sir  Reginald,  was  a  head  of  the  ancient  family 
of  the  Scotts  of  Scot's  Hall,  which  had  been] 
settled  in  Kent  for  several  centuries.  Whether 
this  Sir  Reginald  is  the  same  as  the  Reginald 
Scot  who  acquired  an  honorable  reputation 
as  an  early  disbeliever  in  the  reality  of  witch-' 
craft  we  cannot  now  determine.  Both  were 
sons  of  John  Scot  of  Scot's  Hall,  in  Kent,1 
both  were  born  in  the  early  half  of  the  16th  | 
centur3T.  The  famous  work  of  Reginald  Scot 
entitled  the  "  Discovery  of  Witchcraft,"  was. 
designed  to  demonstrate  the  absurdity  of  the! 
prevalent  belief  on  the  subject,  and  "  is  full  of, 
learning  and  marked  b3'  many  passages  of 
sound  sense  and  humane  feeling,  qualities 
that  naturally  excited  the  antipathy  of  King 
James  I.,"  "the  wisest  fool  in  Christendom," 
who  wrote  his  Diemonology,  as  he  tells  us, 
"chiefly-  against  the  damnable  opinions  of 
Wilrus  and  Scot,  the  latter  of  whom  is  not 
ashamed  in  public  print,  to  deny  there  can  be 
such  a  thing  as  witchcraft!"  Reginald  Scot 
is  described  b3"  Hallam  as  a  "  solid  and 
learned  person  beyond  almost  all  the  Eng- 
lish of  his  age," — epithets  that  are  more  than 
royal. 

Charles  Scot,  son  of  Sir  Reginald,  purchased 
the  estate  of  Egerton  which  descended  to  his 
grand-daughter  Dorothea,  and  at  her  marriage 
with  Daniel  Gotherson  it  passed  into  his  pos- 
session. This  latter  marriage,  her  memoir 
states,  took  place  soon  after  her  father's  de- 
cease in  1635,  but  we  suspect  this  to  be  a  mis- 
print, as  from  the  context  it  appears  more 
probable  that  she  married  about  1655.  The 
baptism  of  her  daughter  Dorothea  is  recorded 
in  Godmersbam  church  in  1657,  and  from  her 
are  derived  the  descendants  in  America.  A 
son  Daniel  is  also  named,  who  was  brought 
to  America,  and  whose  troubles  wrung  the 
heart  of  his  disconsolate  mother. 

Daniel  and  Dorothea  Gothersen,  probably 
joined  the  Society  of  Friends  about  1655,  and 
were  among  those  referred  to  b3'  George  Fox 
when  ho  says:  "Returning  from  Dover,  I 
went  to  CanterbuiT.  where  there  are  a  few 


honest-hearted  people  turned  to  the  Lord  ; 
who  sate  down  under  Christ's  teaching." 
Scot's  Hall  is  but  a  few  miles  from  Canter- 
bury. 

Dorothea  became  a  minister  among  Friends, 
and  held  meetings  and  wrote  and  published 
religious  exhortations.  In  the  deposition  of 
Thomas  Lovelace,  taken  [about  1679]  at  the 
request  of  Samuel  Pepys,  Secretary  to  the 
Admiralty,  he  sa3~s:  "This  Mrs.  Gotherson 
had  long  been  a  great  Quaker,  and  she  had  a 
particular  congregation  somewhere  about  ye 
hermitage,  near  ye  two  great  Brew-houses, 
which  went  under  her  Maiden  name  of 'Scott's 
congregation,'  where  he  has  heard  her  him- 
self preach." 

Daniel  Gotherson,  husband  of  Dorothea, 
appears  to  have  conducted  business  in  New- 
ington  Surrey,  and  to  have  failed  in  1650. 
In  Third  mo.  1651,  he  is  alluded  to  as  Captain 
Gotherson,  which  indicates  that  he  joined 
Cromwell's  army.  In  Tenth  mo.  1653,  he 
presented  a  petition  as  Major  Gotherson,  to 
the  Counsel  of  State,  for  some  return  for  ser- 
vices rendered,  but  not  named,  and  his  claim 
was  referred  to  a  committee  for  adjudication. 
It  is  probable  that  he  left  the  army  about 
this  time  and  married  Dorothea  and  joined 
Friends. 

Towards  the  close  of  an  epistle  published 
in  1660,  addressed  to  magistrates,  judges,  &c, 
he  says:  "Now  having  done  with  the  deceit 
of  these  men  at  present,  I  must  speak  a  few 
words  in  the  vindication  of  a  party  who  has 
had  some  calumnies  cast  upon  her  by  the 
scandalous  pen  of  a  lying  Priest,  one  Thomas 
Danson,  at  Sandwich  in  Kent :  it  is  on  the  be- 
half of  one  he  calleth  'Mrs.  Dorothy  Guder- 
son,'  in  his  book  called  'The  Quaker's  Folly 
opened,'  etc.  *  *  *  '  wherein  he  condemneth 
her  for  dei^-ing  to  kiss  a  geutleman,  and  is 
ashamed  to  tell  it  was  himself.'  And  verily 
he  might  have  been  so  far  judicious,  after  so 
man3"  high  compliments  used  to'  her,  and  his 
wife  inviting  her  to  his  bouse,  as  to  have  for- 
borne the  putting  her  in  print  as  much  as  in 
him  lay,  to  make  her  ridiculous  to  her  friends, 
kindred  and  acquaintances,  when  she  said 
"she  believed  and  he  may  know,  that  what 
is  not  of  faith  is  sin."  '  *  *  *  'He  might 
if  he  had  made  good  use  of  his  time,  have 
learned  more  manners  than  to  traduce  a  per- 
sion  so  much  above  him  b3'  birth  and  parent- 
age as  she  is,  which  thing  he  highly  esteemeth 
and  prizeth,  although  she  denieth  it,  having 
so  learned  Christ,  as  to  count  all  things  but 
dross  and  dung,  that  she  may  be  found  in 
Him,  not  having  her  own  righteousness  which 
is  by  the  law,  but  having  the  righteousness 
which  is  by  Christ,  through  faith  in  his  blood, 
and  so  expecting  justification  b3'  the  right- 
eousness of  Jesus  Christ  within  her  ;  and  this 
I  know  is  her  whole  desire,  panting  and 
breathing  after  holiness,  as  the  hart  panteth 
after  water  brooks.  And  he  fell  to  traducing 
in  my  presence  Samuel  Fisher,  charging  him 
with  lies,  in  his  book.  To  my  own  knowl- 
edge, Samuel  Fisher  is  a  babe  in  Christ,  and 
truly  endeavors  to  do  his  Master's  will.  *  * 
He  firmly  opposes  the  pope  and  popery,  and 
I  do  veri^  think,  that  there  is  not  a  man  in 
England  more  able  to  confute  Errour  and 
Heresie  than  Samuel  Fisher  is." 

In  1660,  Samuel  Fisher,  in  a  portly  volume 
called  "  Rusticus  ad  Academicos,"  *  *  The 
Rustics  alarm  to  the  Rabbies,  &c.,  answers 
various  attacks  of  Danson,  and  takes  him  to 
task  for  introducing   Dorothea    Gothcrson's 


252 


THE    FRIEND. 


name  into  his  book,  and 
strong  band. 

(To  be   contini 


smites  him  with  a 


Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Rite, 

A  Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Having  recently  read  with  interest  a  volume 
bearing  the  above  title,  and  been  impressed 
with  some  of  its  contents,  I  have  thought  a 
few  short  passages  would  be  of  interest,  and 
perhaps  instructive  to  some  readers  of  "  The 
Friend,"  who  may  not  have  seen  the  work, 
and  herewith  submit  them  to  the  judgment 
of  the  Editor.  It  is  neatly  printed  on  good 
paper,  contains  about  478  pages,  and  is  sold 
at  the  low  price  of  75  cents  per  cop}',  placing 
it  within  the  reach  of  many  readers.  For 
sale  at  Friends'  Book  Store,  304  Arch  street, 
Philadelphia. 

In  a  letter  to  his  daughter  Susanna,  (after- 
wards Susanna  Sbarpless),  dated  7th  mo.  5th, 
1S22,  he  says :  "  It  often  happens  to  people 
who  seek  pleasure  by  change  of  place,  that 
they  come  home  disappointed.  Happiness 
depends  less  on  outward  situation  and  cir- 
cumstances than  on  the  inward  disposition  of 
the  mind.  With  a  humble  sense  of  how  little 
we  deserve,  and  a  grateful  sense  of  how  much 
Providence  has  done  for  us, — a  lively  wish  to 
fulfil  all  our  particular  duties,  and  a  con- 
tinued endeavor  to  make  all  those  around  us 
comfortable, — we  can  hardly  fail  to  become 
in  a  considerable  degree  happy,  let  our  out- 
ward situation  be  what  it  may.  *  *  There 
have  been  many  deaths ;  some  of  them  so 
sudden  as  loudly  to  give  the  warning:  'Be 
ye  also  ready  !'  A.  serious  consideration  of  the 
end  of  life  is  proper  even  in  the  season  of 
youth,  and  it  is  not  incompatible  with  cheer- 
fulness, though  it  excludes  levity."  *  *  "Let 
thy  love  to  thy  parents  induce  thee  to  do 
nothing  in  their  absence  thou  fears  would  be 
unpleasant  to  them,  and  when  restored  to  the 
domestic  circle,  if  Providence  should  permit 
us  to  be  again  united,  may  thy  love  to  thy 
brothers  and  sister  lead  to  increasing  patience 
in  bearing  their  little  foibles,  increasing  self- 
denial  when  your  inclinations  are  in  opposi- 
tion, and  an  increasing  concern  as  our  eldest 
hope,  to  set  the  younger  a  good  example  in 
all  things.  Thus  will  our  desires — may  I  not 
say  our  prayers — concerning  thee  be  answer- 
ed, and  thou  prove  a  solace  to  our  declining 
years.  May  it  never  be  othewise,  for  nothing 
is  so  bitter  to  a  parent's  feelings  as  a  diso- 
bedient or  ungrateful  child  ;  nothing  so  likely 
to  bring  down  his  grey  hairs  with  sorrow  to 
the  grave." 

In  relation  to  his  call  to  the  ministry  he 
writes  in  1810,  5th  mo.  13th:  "Oh  that  I 
may  be  preserved  in  humble,  patient  waiting 
in  the  deeps,  nor  presume  to  offer  strange  fire 
on  the  Lord's  altar.  Oh  may  I  never  step 
forth  unless  the  Shepherd  of  Israel  puts  forth 
and  goes  before  me.  Under  an  impressive 
sense  of  my  insufficiency  for  the  awful  work, 
may  I  be  increasingly  incited  to  abide  in  the 
Vine,  to  receive  the  circulation  of  sap  from 
the  Root,  which  will  indeed  keep  the  plant 
alive,  in  my  soul,  and  enable  it  to  bear  fruit  to 
the  honor  and  praise  of  the  everlasting  Hus- 
bandman, who  indeed  is  worthy  of  the  praise 
of  his  own  work,  now  and  forever,  amen." 

Letter  to  B.  S.  F.,  3rd  mo.  30th,  1837.— 
"  Thy  letter,  giving  an  account  of  tho  last 


illness  and  death  of  my  much  respected  and 
beloved  friend,  Philip  Price,  was  very  accept- 
able. It  is  a  privilege  to  be  with  those  who 
feel  at  such  a  solemn  period  the  consolations 
of  the  Gospel  of  Christ.  Nature  shrinks  from 
death;  and  even  to  the  pious  it  is  a  solemn 
thing.  Samuel  Emlen,  eminently  a  disciple 
whom  Jesus  loved,  said,  on  his  approach  to 
the  close  of  life,  'It  is  a  serious  thing  to  die  ; 
the  invisible  world — how  awful!'  It  is  not 
principally  the  suffering  attending  the  part- 
ing of  soul  and  body,  though  that  is  often 
hard  to  bear,  nor  the  separation  from  all  we 
have  loved,  though  that  be  trying  to  the  affec- 
tionate feelings  of  our  nature,  but  it  is  the 
thought  of  a  state  of  fixedness,  of  appearing 
before  that  Judge,  who  knoweth  the  secrets 
of  all  hearts  ;  and  who  hath  '  set  our  iniquities 
before  Him,  our  secret  sins  in  the  light  of  b' 
countenance.'  There  is  but  one  remedy- 
repentance  towards  God,  and  faith  in  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  That  faith  which  enables 
us  to  accept  Him  in  all  his  offices, — to  deny 
ourselves, — take  up  his  cross  and  follow  Him 
in  tbe  regeneration,  —  submitting  to  those 
baptisms  by  which  He  purges  awa}'  our  de 
filements,  and  makes  us  a  holy  people  to  Him- 
self. These,  are  they  who  have  hope  in  their 
death,  because  the}-  trust  in  Him  who  hath 
conquered  death,  hell  and  the  grave.  Having 
witnessed  such  a  death-bed.  dear  Elizabeth, 
let  it  incite  thee  to  count  nothing  too  dear  to 
part  with,  in  order  that  thou  mayest  be  pre- 
pared to  finish  thy  course  with  joy." 

Tbe  death-bed  of  Philip  Price,  alluded  to 
in  the  foregoing  letter,  was  of  an  unusually 
interesting  and  encouraging  character.  On 
the  second  day  of  the  week  preceding  his  de- 
parture, he  spoke  thus  to  some  of  his  rela- 
tives assembled  in  his  chamber:  "  Within  ten 
days  I  have  felt  my  close  to  be  near,  I  know 
not  why  it  is ;  it  is  no  merit  of  my  own  ;  it  is 
adorable  mercy,  admirable  kindness  and  love, 
that  death  is  not  appalling.  I  hope  I  am  not 
deceived  ;  but  I  could  not  feel  this  peace  were 
I  not  confident  in  his  armor  in  whom  I  have 
trusted  all  my  life  long.  The  natural  eye  can 
have  no  conception  of  the  splendor  of  the 
New  Jerusalem  ;  no  outward  palace  or  repre- 
sentation can  give  us  any  idea  of  it."  Being 
asked,  if  he  was  in  any  pain,  he  answered, 
"No:  pain  and  sorrow  and  sighing  are  done 
away."  After  this  he  revived  and  seemed 
better,  his  physician  asking  him  if  he  thought 
he  should  get  well?  He  replied,  "No,  I  am 
only  waiting  !"  and  after  a  pause,  addressed 
his  Divine  Master,  "Thy  servant  is  ready." 
On  Fourth-day  he  said,  "  All  is  peace  within, 
oh  !  the  majesty  of  Heaven — the  blessed  com- 
munity." Fifth,  Sixth  and  Soventh-days  the 
sufferings  were  alleviated,  and  he  w7as  able  to 
speak  with  less  difficulty  than  previously.  At 
one  time  he  said,  "  What  can  exceed  the  light 
and  joy  which  I  feel."  At  another,  "This 
Divine  Wisdom,  it  is  all  sufficient,  Oh!  do  re- 
turn to  it,  the  uncreated  Word  from  eternity." 
To  his  descendants  he  enjoined  it  as  his  last 
request,  "That  they  should  seek  that  sweet 
peace  and  holy  quiet  which  this  world  cannot 
give." 

"  Let  the  saints  bo  joyful  in  glory  ;  let  them 
sing  aloud  on  their  beds."  "  Let  tho  high 
praises  of  God  be  in  their  mouth." 

(To  be  concluded.) 

Wo  are  surrounded  by  an  unseen  world  of 
spiritual  reality,  which  is  opened  to  us  only 
as  ice  grow  into  it. 


ALONE. 

LINES  BY  AN  AGED  WIDOW. 
Alone  by  ray  pilgrim  lodge  I  stand, 

When  dark  and  drear  is  the  night; 
And  I  think  of  one  in  the  cloudless  land 

Where  the  Lamb  is  the  living  Light. 

Alone  by  my  pilgrim  lodge  I  stand 
When  the  stars  in  splendor  shine; 

And  I  think  how  the  *gems  in  the  seraph  land 
Must  glisten  in  rays  divine. 

Alone !  and  a  tear  falls  on  my  hand 

As  I  think,  sweet  spirit,  of  thee; 
But  I  ask  not  if  in  the  happy  land 

There  is  room  in  thy  thoughts  for  me. 

Alone!  Lord,  hid  my  heart  expand, 

Nor  cherish  a  selfish  tie  ; 
Thou  art  "all  in  all"t  in  that  glorious  land 

And  what,  oh  Truth  !  am  I? 

Alone  by  my  pilgrim  lodge  I  stand, 

While  my  thoughts  are  on  Jordan's  shore; 

And  the  time  is  nigh  when  the  pilgrims'  land 
Shall  afford  me  a  lodge  no  more. 

Alone!  should  we  ever  feel  alone 

When  we  know  that  a  Friend  is  near, 

To  whose  heart  of  sympathy  are  known 
Our  every  sigh  and  tear? 

Alone  ! — It  is  human  nature's  cry, 

For  the  human  heart  is  frail ; 
But  Faith  looks  up  with  a  patient  eye 

For  the  lifting  of  the  veil. 

Then  while  by  my  pilgrim  lodge  I  stand, 
I  joy  for  the  friends  that  are  gone 

To  the  Father's  house  in  the  blessed  land, 
Where  is  no  more  weeping  alone. 
10th  mo.  1878.  J.  M.  B. 


WHEN  HOME  IS  SWEET. 
Home  is  not  merely  four  square  walls, 

Though  with  pictures  hung  and  gilded; 
Home  is  where  affection  calls — 

Fill'd  with  shrines  the  heart  has  builded 

Home  ! — go  watch  the  faithful  dove 
Sailing  'neath  the  heaven  above  ns — 

Home  is  where  there's  one  to  love! 
Home  is  where  there's  one  to  love  us  ! 

Home's  not  merely  roof  and  room — 
It  needs  something  to  endear  it ; 

Home  is  where  the  heart  can  bloom, 
Where  there's  some  kind  lip  to  cheer  it ! 

What  is  home  with  none  to  meet? 

None  to  welcome,  none  to  greet  us? 
Home  is  sweet,  and  only  sweet, 

Where  there's  one  we  love  to  meet  us. 


Origin  of  Old  Sayings. — The  majority  o: 
these  proverbial  sayings  are,  I  suppose,  o: 
old,  and  come  down  to  us  from  our  English 
or  Dutch  forefathers.  Here  is  the  origin  o; 
the  expression  "tick,"  for  credit,  which  ] 
have  alwaj-s  taken  to  be  modern  slang.  Il 
seems,  on  the  contrary,  that  it  is  as  old  as  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  is  corrupted  from 
ticket,  as  a  tradesman's  bill  was  then  com- 
monly called.  On  tick  was  on  ticket.  "  Hum- 
ble pie"  refers  to  the  days  when  the  English 
forests  wero  stocked  with  deer,  and  venison 
pasty  was  commonly  seen  on  the  tables  of 
the  wealthy.  The  inferior  and  refuse  por- 
tions of  tho  deer,  termed  the  "umbles,"  were 
generally  appropriated  to  the  poor,  who  made 
them  into  a  pie;  hence  "umble-pie"  became 
suggestive  of  poverty,  and  afterward  was  ap- 
plied to  degradations  of  other  kinds.  "A 
wild  goose  chase"  was  a  sort  of  racing,  re- 
sembling tbe  flying  of  wild  geese,  in  which. 


*  "They  shall  be 
-Mai.  iii.  17. 
t  1  Cor.  xv. 


line  when  I 


akei 


my  jewels." 


THE    FRIEND. 


253 


fter  one  horse  had  gotten  the  lead,  the  other 
■as  obliged  to  follow  after.  As  the  second 
uorse  generally   exhausted    himself  in   vain 


with  thanksgiving  also  for  all  the  favors  of 
God,  and  for  that  holy  and  precious  enjoy- 
ment as  an  addition  to  his  many  former  bless 


ffort3  to   overtake   the    first,   this   mode   ofjings.'     And  when  he  had  finished,  the  Lord 
acing   was   finally    discontinued.      The    ex- repeated   his  own   holy  embraces  of  Div 


;>ression  "  a  feather  in  his  cap,"  did  not  signify 
merely  the  right  to  decorate  one's  self  with 
ome  token  of  success,  but  referred  to  an 
incient  custom  among  the  people  of  Hungary, 
f  which  mention  is  made  in  the  Lansdowne 
tlanuseripts  in  the  British  Museum.  None 
>ut  he  who  had  killed  a  Turk  was  permitted 
o  adorn  himself  in  this  fashion,  or  to  "  shew 
he  number  of  his  slaineenemys,  by  the  number 
if  fethers  in  his  cappe."  It  occurs  to  me  to 
juestion  whet  her  the  similar  phrase,  "to  plume 
limself,"  had  not  its  source  in  the  same  tradi- 
ion.  "  Chouse''  is  a  Persian  word,  spelt  pro- 
>erly  kiaus  or  cbiaus,  meaning  intelligent, 
istute,  and,  as  applied  to  public  agents,  an 
lonorary  title.  In  1609  a  certain  Sir  Robert 
Shirley  "sent  before  him  to  England  a  mes- 
enger,  or  cbiaus,  as  his  agent  from  the  Grand 
Signior,  he  himself  following  at  his  leisure. 
The  agent  chiaused  the  Persian  and  Turkish 
merchants  in  England  of  £4,000,  and  fled 
lefore  Sir  Robert  arrived.  The  explanation 
)f  the  proverbial  saying  about  "  Ilobson's 
hoice"  is  given  by  Steele  in  the  Spectator, 
No.  509.  Hobson  kept  a  livery  stable,  his 
tails  being  ranged  one  behind  another,  coiint- 


soul-melting  love  upon  the  silent,  weeping 
assembly,  to  the  full  confirmation  of  us  more 
immediately  concerned,  and  further  evidence 
to  the  brethren,  of  the  truth  of  our  calling. 

In  this  love  unfeigned,  and  tender  condi- 
tion of  soul,  we  embraced  each  other,  to  our 
mutual  satisfaction,  for  the  same  powerful 
love  of  truth  that  made  us  loth  to  depart 
from  our  friends  and  brethren  of  our  own 
native  land,  drawing  us  to  remote  parts  of 
the  world,  and  remaining  in  our  hearts,  gives 
courage  and  strength  also  to  leave  all  and  fol- 
low the  Lord,  even  wheresoever  He  will. 

We  looked  after  them  so  long  as  we  could 
see  tbem,  not  with  minds  to  go  backwards  or 
hearts  with  any  desire  now  to  return,  but  in 
the  comfort  of  Divine  love,  which  neither  dis- 
tance of  place  nor  number  of  years  shall  ever 
be  able  to  obstruct  or  deface,  as  we  keep  true 
to  the  Lord  in  ourselves."  J.  J.  L. 


The  Valley  of  the  Jordan.— -The  Ghor.  or 
valley  of  the  Jordan,  at  Damish  ford,  is  about 
three  miles  wide  on  the  west  side,  on  its  up- 
per plateau,   and   quite   level,   until  it  drops 

wn  suddenly  some  200  feet  to  the  bed  of 


ng  from  the  door  ;  each  customer  was  obliged  |  t|,e  r\vcr_     The  bluffs,  which  overhang  both 


,o  take  the  horse  which  happened  to  be  in 
he  stall  nearest  the  door,  this  chance  fashion 
jf  serving  being  thought  to  secure  perfect 
mpartiality. — Atlantic  Monthly. 

For  "The  Friend." 

Of  the  Sailing  of  the  Welcome. 

Of  the  incidents  immediately  preceding  the 
failing  of  William  Penn  and  his  companions, 
there  seems  to  be  left  little  or  nothing  on  re- 
cord. It  is  not  probable  that  such  a  voyage 
would  have  been  entered  on  without  a  solemn 
recognition  of  the  responsibilities  of  the  un- 
dertaking, and  an  earnest  seeking  for  Divine 
aid  and  guidance.  We  may,  indeed,  believe 
that  something  similar  to  the  subjoined,  given 
by  Thomas  Story,  of  his  departure  for  America, 
on  a  religious  visit  there,  in  tbeyear  1698,  may 
itnessed  on  board  the  Welcome, 


the  eastern  and  western  side  of  tne  narrow 
river  bottom,  present  a  most  singular  appear- 
ance, and  are  composed  entirely  of  a  dull, 
drab-colored  clay  or  marl,  which  the  winter 
rains  have  worn  into  innumerable  gullies  and 
narrow  ravines.  Their  aspect  is  as  forbidding 
as  it  is  striking.  That  bottom  through  which 
the  Jordan  meanders,  is  there  about  one  mile 
wide,  and  much  of  it  is  so  low  as  to  be  flood- 
ed in  the  rainy  season.  There  alone  are  to 
be  found  the  thickets  and  underbrush  which 
conceal  wild  animals. 

It  is  now   the  favorite  haunt  of  the  wild 
boar  and  the  wolf,  as  it  seems  to  have  been 
of  the  lion  in  the  time  of  Jeremiah.    "  Behold, 
he  shall  come  up  like  a  lion  from  the  swelling 
of  Jordan,"  as  against  Edom  ;  and  the  prophet 
repeats  the  figure  in  exactly  the  same  words 
have  been  witnessed  on  board  the  Welcome,  in  the  next  chapter  as  against  Babylon.     It 
before   leaving   the    English    shores.     Story  |is  safe  t0  conciude,  therefore,  that  this  river 
ites:  "Having  made  our  concern  known  bottom,  then  as  now,  abounded  in  impenetra- 
te the  brethren  in  London,  they  encouraged  j  blc  tDjckets.  and  that  there  the  lion  had  his 
us;  and  provision  being  made,  both  by  the  ]air  and  from  thence  he  made  destructive  fo- 


body  of  Friends  and  many  particulars,  of 
everything  needful  for  our  voyage  and  jour- 
ney," on  the  10th  day  of  the  9th  month,  in  the 
evening,  we  went  on  board,  near  Deptford,  in 


rays  into  the  neighboring  districts. —  W.  M. 
Thomson.  _______ 

The  Beirut,  Syria,  manuscript  of  the  New 
the  river  Thames,  accompanied  by  several  of  i  Testament,  discovered  by  Dr.  Isaac  H.  Hall, 
our  dear  friends  and  brethren,  viz.,  John  Field,  has  been  wholly  deciphered  and  copied,  and 
John  Butcher,  .  .  .  and  many  others;  the  manuscript  itself  bound  in  rich  and  en- 
and  soon  after  came  to  us  William  Penn,  Jo-  during,  but  not  showy  style,  and  returned  to 
seph  Wyeth,  and  some  more.  its  owners,  the  Trustees  of  the  Syrian  Protes- 

And  being  together  in  the  great  cabin,  the  tant  College.  It  is  intended,  we  believe,  to 
good  presence  of  the  Lord  commanded  deep  deposit  it  in  the  library  of  the  Union  Theo- 
and  inward  silence  before  Him,  and  the  Com-  logical  Seminary  in  New  York,  as  soon  as 
forter  of  the  just  brake  in  upon  us  by  his  irre-the  latter's  fire-proof  building  is  completed, 
sistible  power,  and  greatly  tendered  us  to- jlVlean while  the  manuscript  remains  in  safe 
gether  in  his  heavenly  love,  whereby  we  were  and  fire-proof  custody.  The  work  of  binding 
melted  into  many  tears.  Glorious  was  this  was  one  which  taxed  the  skill  of  the  most 
appearance,  to  the  humbling  of  us  all,  and  noted  firm  in  the  country;  for  many  of  the 
the  admiration  of  some  there  who  did  not  leaves  were  decayed  and  mutilated  by  the  ac- 
understand  it.  And,  in  this  condition  we  re-  tion  of  water,  and  the  whole  fabric  bail  the 
mained  for  a  considerable  season,  and  then  infirmities  of  the  age  of  a  thousand  years. 
William  Penti  was  concerned  in  prayer  'for  Each  fragment  was  inlaid  on  parchment  with 
the  good  and  preservation  of  all,  and  more  marvellous  skill  and  success ;  each  leaf  had  to 
especially  for  us  then  about  to  leave  them;  be  separately  mounted;  between  each  pair  of 


leaves  was  set  a  leaf  of  the  finest  Whatman 
paper  (free  from  acid  or  alkali),  to  prevent 
wear  from  rubbing;  and  the  whole  solidly 
bound  in  Levant  morocco,  with  strong  clasps. 
A  printed  title  and  short  description  in  Eng- 
lish are  inserted  at  the  beginning.  To  pre- 
serve it  from  dampness,  the  worst  enemy  of 
ancient  books,  the  bound  volume  is  kept  in 
two  polished  metal  boxes,  one  fitting  within 
the  other.  The  manuscript  is  now  probably 
good  for  another  thousand  years. — Selected. 

For  "The  Friend." 

"Freely  ye  have  received,  freely  give." 

MATT.   X.  8TH. 

In  a  late  article  upon  Paul's  preaching  at 
Corinth,  by  Geo.  F.  Pentecost,  be  makes  use 
of  the  following  language:  "It  would  be  a 
grand  thing  to-day,  if  we  preachers  had  the 
courage  and  consecration  to  turn  aside  from 
the  palaces  in  which  we  live  (like  other  world- 
lings), and  go  about  our  work  without  scrip 
or  purse,  seeking  not  the  goods  but  the  souls 
of  men.  If  we  may  bo  able  to  say  in  our 
hearts  that  large  salaries  do  not  influence  us 
in  the  choice  of  fields  and  in  the  circumstances 
connected  in  ministerial  work,  to  the  world 
outside  and  to  God's  poor  inside,  it  certainly 
has  the  appearance  of  '  seeming  to.'  I  believe 
we  are  verily  guilty  concerning  this  matter, 
ami  our  mouths  are  stopped  from  giving  a 
clear  testimony  against  the  money-loving  and 
money-getting  spirit  of  the  age  wo  live  in." 
An  honest  acknowledgment  of  clear  convic- 
tions on  this  head  ;  and  a  noble  testimony  to 
the  desirability  of  a  free  gospel  ministry. 

Marshallton,  Pa. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Coloring  Peas. — In  a  can  of  peas  sold  in 
Liverpool  recently,  the  public  analyst  found 
two  grains  of  crystalized  sulphate  of  copper, 
a  quantity  sufficient  to  injuriously  affect  hu- 
man health.  The  defendant  urged  that  tho 
public  insisted  upon  having  green  peas,  and 
that  artificial  means  had  to  be  resorted  to  to 
secure  the  required  color. 

Deep  Drainage. — In  the  opinion  of  some 
experts  the  city  of  Washington  will  be  the 
worse  rather  than  better  for  the  filling  up  of 
the  Potomac  flats,  as  the  same  swampy  un- 
dersoil will  still  remain  to  collect  its  pools  of 
unwholesome  moisture.  Deep  and  lasting 
drainage  is  recommended  before  anything 
else  is  done  in  such  cases;  and  this  advice 
would  seem  to  be  confirmed  by  the  experience 
of  another  city — New  York — which  has  just 
discovered  an  underground  lake  of  noisome 
stuff,  a  reservoir  of  foulness,  out  on  one  of  the 
fashionable  avenues.  There  was  a  creek  ori- 
ginally in  the  neighborhood,  which,  when 
building  enterprise  turned  that  way,  was  fill- 
ed up,  in  the  general  benighted  understanding 
then  that  what  was  covered  up  was  safe. 
There  was,  of  course,  no  provision  for  drain- 
age, and  the  swampy  ground  continued  as  it 
was  before,  and,  moreover,  caught  and  held 
all  sewer  leakage  and  drainage  from  the  sur- 
face. There  are  physicians  who  have  under 
taken  to  trace  the  lines  of  diphtheria  and 
other  malignant  diseases  in  that  city  by  fol- 
lowing out  on  old  maps  the  creeks  and  water- 
courses which  are  hidden  underground,  but 
still  not  extinguished  ;  and  the  underground 
lake  on  Madison  avenue  shows  that  the  old  Mill 
Creek  and  its  feeding  ponds  have  been  in  ac- 
tive storage  in  the  "cellarage"  of  improved 
and  modernized  New  York. 


254 


THE    FRIEND. 


Malaria  and  the  Progress  of  Medicine. — Xo 
single  cause  of  premature  death,  of  life-long 
misery,  and  of  loss  of  working  power,  has 
ever  equalled  malaria.  Fortunately,  malarial 
fever  has  almost  disappeared  from  Great  Bri 
tain,  and  it  has  hardly  existed  in  some  of  our 
colonies,  particularly  the  Australasian  ;  it  has 
decreased  considerably  in  many  parts  of 
Northern  Europe  and  the  United  States. 

The  almost  total  extinction  of  malaria  in 
England,  and  its  decrease  abroad,  have  been 
brought  about  in  the  ordinary  course  of  drain- 
ing and  cultivating  the  soil,  and  by  wise  at- 
tention to  the  planting  or  conservation  of 
trees. 

Again,  there  is  a  drug,  cinchona  bark,  with 
its  products,  which  has  a  great  power  over 
the  course  of  the  fever.  The  cultivation  of 
the  cinchona-tree  is  now  a  great  industry  both 
in  the  Eastern  and  Western  Hemispheres,  and 
whatever  quinine  or  otherproducts  of  the  bark 
can  do  for  malarious  sickness,  will  be,  at  no 
distant  time,  a  benefit  that  may  be  shared  by 
all  but  the  very  poorest  and  the  races  less  ac- 
cessible to  civilization.  The  medicinal  uses 
of  cinchona-bark  were  known  first  to  the  in- 
digenous inhabitants  of  the  Peruvian  Andes, 
where  the  trees  are  native,  and  where  the 
ague  is  common  ;  and  it  was  the  Jesuits  who 
introduced  it  widely  into  Europe  (1630)  and 
the  East.  The  story  of  the  reception  of  this 
remedy  by  the  medical  profession  has  its  un- 
pleasant side.  The  arch-stupidities  of  the 
Paris  faculty,  opposed  it  with  their  united 
•weight.  Court  physicians  in  other  European 
capitals  than  France  assailed  it  with  abuse, 
and  no  one  wrote  more  nonsense  about  it 
than  Gideon  Harvey,  the  physician  of  Charles 
II.  The  world,  of  course,  gave  little  heed  to 
these  inane  disputations  ;  the  value  of  cin- 
chona was  beyond  the  power  of  the  faculty 
either  to  discover  or  to  obscure. 

The  next  step  in  the  relief  of  malarious 
sickness  on  the  grand  scale  was  the  extrac- 
tion of  the  alkaloid  quinine  from  the  cinchona- 
bark.  The  powdered  bark  was  not  only  very 
unpalatable,  but  it  was  cumbrous  to  .carry 
and  dispense,  and,  although  the  principle  of 
the  remedy  remained  the  same,  it  has  proved 
of  infinitely  greater  service  in  the  form  of 
quinine,  and  in  the  form  of  the  cheap  alkaloidal 
mixture  known  in  Bengal  as  "quinetum." 
Quinine  was  discovered  in  1820,  by  the  French 
chemists  Pelletierand  Caventou.  The  sciences 
and  arts  of  botany  and  practical  forestry,  of 
chemistry  and  practical  pharmacy,  are  now 
all  concerned  in  the  production  of  this  most 
invaluable  of  remedies.  The  commerce  of  the 
world  has  taken  cinchona  in  hand,  and  there 
are  now  plantations  of  the  trees  not  unworthy 
to  be  named  beside  those  of  coffee  and  tea. — 
Th,   (j, i,i it,  rly  I;,  vii  w. 

Birds  at  the  Lighthouses. — The  keeper  of 
the  lighthouse  at  Atlantic  City  supplies  his 
table  with  winged  game  at  certain  seasons  of 
the  year  without  wasting  as  much  as  a  pinch 
of  shot  or  using  a  trap  of  any  kind.  The 
most  favorable  times  for  this  cheap  supply  of 
game  are  when  the  birds  are  migrating  North 
in  the  spring,  and  returning  to  southern  climes 
in  the  fall.  They  follow  the  Jersey  coast  all 
tho  way  up  or  down  in  their  flights.  At  night 
they  fly  high,  and  when  they  sight  Absecon 
Inlet  li^ht,  which  i-  167  feel  above  the  ground, 
they  head  directly  for  it.  They  seem  to  be 
attracted  the  same  as  moths  nicker  around  a 
candle  flame.  If  t hey  are  being  carried  alonjr 
by  a  heavy  wind  they  are  likely  10 dash  against 


the  big  plate-glass  windows  surrounding  the 
lens,  and  the  little  things  drop  to  the  ground 
dead.  The  objectionable  feature  of  the  affair 
is,  that  they  spatter  blood  all  over  the  glass, 
which  is  sometimes  hard  to  clean. 

To  prevent  them  from  striking  the  glass, 
Major  Wolf,  the  keeper,  has  constructed  a  wire 
netting  on  the  north  and  south  sides.  Not 
long  ago  a  large  black  duck,  which  was  sail- 
ing along  in  a  heavy  storm,  collided  with  the 
netting  with  such  force  as  to  cause  a  dent  six 
inches  square.  When  the  weather  is  clear  a 
number  of  small  birds  hover  around  the  light 
all  night.  After  resting  on  the  railing  sur- 
rounding the  light,  they  fly  off  into  the  dark- 
ness, but  soon  return  again.  Major  Wolf  says: 
"  The  little  fellows  I  catch  with  my  hand. 
They  do  not  move  away  when  I  approach 
near  them.  I  always  keep  several  large  boxes 
up  here  in  which  to  store  the  feathered  young- 
sters. A  species  commonly  known  as  '  fly 
catchers,'  peculiar  to  the  coast,  has  been  very 
abundant  this  fall.  Of  these  I  captured  about 
500,  besides  thirty  or  forty  thistle  birds,  five 
cuckoos,  ducks,  red-headed  wood-peckers, 
reed  and  rail  birds,  gulls  and  snipe.    This  fall 

1  also  caught  five  scarlet  tanagers.  They  are 
of  a  deep  scarlet  color.  Previous  to  taking 
this  color  they  are  covered  with  feathers  of 
an  olive-green  shade." 

.4  Seats  Affection  for  her  Young. — An  inter- 
esting incident,  illustrating  the  maternal  af- 
fection of  this  animal  for  its  young,  was 
brought  to  notice  during  the  visit  of  an  ex- 
cursion party  to  Anacapa  Island,  off  the  coast 
of  California.  A  young  seal  pup,  only  a  few 
months  old,  was  brought  away  from  the  island 
for  a  pet.  The  little  animal  was  secured  by  a 
rope  around  one  of  its  fins,  and  tied  within  a 
small  yawl  belonging  to  the  sloop.  Shortly 
before  sailing  a  large  seal  was  noticed  swim- 
ming around  the  sloop,  anchored  off  the  cove, 
where  the  capture  was  made,  uttering  loud 
barks,  and  at  times  howling  piteously.  Xo 
particular  attention  was  paid  to  the  animal 
at  the  time,  or  to  the  little  captive,  which  at 
times  barked  in  response  to  the  old  dam's 
plaints.  The  boat  sailed  away,  making  for 
Ventura  shore.  When  off  San  Buenaventura 
a  calm  in  the  wind  decreased  the  speed  of  the 
boat,  when  a  large  seal  was  noticed  near  by. 
On  reaching  the  wharf  at  Santa  Barbara,  at 

2  o'clock  neck  morning,  a  seal  was  again  dis- 
covered swimming  about  the  boat.  It  was 
not  supposed  that  this  was  the  mother  of  the 
captive,  or  out  of  pity  for  its  misery  the  pup 
would  have  been  thrown  overboard.  To  bet- 
ter secure  the  pup  until  daylight,  the  rope  was 
taken  from  its  tin,  and  it  was  tied  up  in  a 
jute-sack  and  let  loose  on  the  deck.  Soon 
after  coming  to  anchor,  the  seal  responded  to 
its  mother's  invitation  by  casting  itself  over- 
board, all  tied  up  as  it  was  within  a  sack.  It 
is  asserted  by  the  man  on  deck,  that  the 
mother  seized  the  sack,  and  with  her  sharp 
teeth  tore  off  the  prison  of  her  offspring. 
This,  however,  is  a  mere  conjecture.  If  it 
did,  the  little  pup  was  saved  :  otherwise  it 
would  drown  tied  up  in  a  sack'.  The  incident 
was  the  more  interesting  from  the  fact  that 
the  old  seal  had  to  follow  the  sloop  at  least 
eighty  miles  over  the  ocean  in  a  hopeful  en- 
deavor to  rescue  its  young. 

Items. 

— "  Friend*1  Fund." — At  a  lair  Meeting  forSuffer- 
inga  in  London,  information  was  received  from  the 

•  ..i  i  uior-  of  lln   Ian   (  ii   ii;.'  Mai  ev  Gibson,  that  he 


had  bequeathed  a  sum  of  £10,000  to  form  a  fun<| 
under  the  control  of  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings,  th< 
income  to  be  applied  to  Friends  in  limited  circum- 
stances by  way  of  loan  or  gift,  or  for  educationa 
purposes,  or  for  any  other  objects  not  provided  fo: 
by  the  National  Stock,  "  the  application  of  such  in- 
come to  any  of  the  objects  being  entirely  at  the  dis 
cretion  of  the  majority  of  the  trustees  for  the  tim< 
being." — British  Friend. 

— The  Sal  cation  A  rmy  and  Friend*. — The  Sa/catim 
Army  in  England  is  said  to  have  incidentally  beer 
the  means  of  directing  the  attention  of  some  towardi 
the  Society  of  Friends,  by  its  disuse  of  the  so-callec 
ordinances — Baptism  and  the  Supper.  This  had 
opened  the  way  for  Friends'  books  which  treat  or 
those  subjects,  among  those  who  are  desirous  of  in- 
quiring into  the  grounds  on  which  these  rites  (st 
commonly  used  among  Christian  professors)  art 
discarded. 

— Science  and  Religion.  —  In  a  recent  lecture' 
Joseph  Cook  anticipates  that  the  time  is  near  wheii 
the  sceptical  tendencies  of  scientific  men  will  W 
reversed.  He  says,  "In  the  twentieth  century  ]| 
hope  science  itself  will  speak  of  Nature  in  the  torn, 
of  the  Psalms.  It  will  not  be  said  that  natural  law 
governs  the  universe;  it  will  be  said  that  a  persona 
God  is  omnipresent  in  all  the  affairs  of  Nature.  W< 
shall  learn  what  depth  of  truth  there  is  in  the  say1 
ing  of  our  advanced  scholars  that  the  universe  ill 
not  governed  by  natural  laws,  but  only  according  U 
natural  laws  ;  that  our  present  common  speech  abouli 
natural  laws  governing  the  universe  is  superficial 
and  benighted,  and  that,  if  we  are  to  come  into  ; 
position  abreast  of  science,  we  must  learn  to  us* 
phrases  which  assert  the  omnipresence  of  a  persona* 
God  ruling  everything  in  the  physical  and  the  mora 
world." 

— Friends  in  Canada. — Mariposa,  one  of  the  largest 
meetings  in  Canada,  re-adopted  the  old  Discipline 
at  their  last  Monthly  Meeting.  This  is  the  third 
Monthly  Meeting  to  take  this  step  since  last  Yearlj 
Meeting,  all  in  Yonge  Street  Quarterly  Meetings 
This  Quarterly  Meeting  will  now  be  the  largest 
Quarter  in  Canada  Yearly  Meeting. —  Western  Fri,  no 
for  2nd  month. 

—  Toleration  in  Russia. — The  way  of  the  Dissentei 
is  made  very  hard  in  Russia.  Recently  an  English- 
man and  a  Russian,  Almanofsky,  were  suddenly 
summoned  to  appear  before  the  Governorof  Tambof. 
They  had  to  travel  eighty  miles,  most  of  the  way  bj 
horse  and  by  night.  The  Governor  told  them  that 
lie  had  sent  for  them  because  they  were  "spreading 
propaganda."  He  said  he  would  send  them  to  Si- 
beria if  they  did  not  cease  distributing  tracts.  Tht 
Englishman  replied  that  he  had  only  distributed 
Gospels  when  travelling  on  the  railroad,  and  if  this 
was  objected  to  he  would  desist.  Almanofsky.  how- 
ever, refused  to  promise,  and  was  imprisoned  for  a 
night  and  then  released.  Subsequently  he  was  again 
arrested.  The  police  searched  his  house  and  found 
Bibles,  Testaments  and  tracts,  and  he  was  thrust 
into  prison.  What  the  result  will  be  no  one  knows. 
He  will  not  be  tried.  His  offence  is  a  matter  for  the 
administrative  officers. — Independent. 


THE    FRIEND. 


THIRD  MOXTH  15,  1884. 


Having  recently  been  visiting  in  a  part  of 
<  Miio.  where  those  who  left  Ohio  Yearly  Meet- 
in  i:  at  the  time  of  the  separation  in  1854  were 
numerous,  it  was  a  matter  of  considerable 
interest  to  inquire  into  the  workings  of  the 
movement,  of  which  that  separation  was  so 
prominent  a  feature.  Of  those  who  then  left 
Ohio  Yearly  Meeting,  we  believe  there  were 
many  who  at  that  time  would  have  resenteJ 
as  very  uncharitable  a  prediction,  that  the 
body  with  which  they  connected  themselves 
would,  in  the  course  of  30  years,  issue  official 
documents  containing  sentiments  openly  at 
variance   with   the   principles  of  Friends  ;  ol 


THE    FRIEND. 


255 


iat  it  would  sanction  and  promote  practices 
id  methods  of  holding  meetings  totally  in- 
insistent  with  the  usages  of  our  Society,  and 
reconcilable  with  its  doctrines. 
As  time  passed  on,  and  changes  from  the 
rraer  views  and  practices  of  Friends  became 
ore  and  more  apparent,  some  of  the  sober 
id  thoughtful  ones  among  them  became  un- 
isy,  and  with  more  or  less  of  faithfulness 
>re  testimony  against  these  changes,  as  de- 
irtures  from  the  standard  of  primitive  Qua- 
srism,  with  which  they  could  not  unite. 
he  efforts  of  these  were  unavailing  to  stay 
ie  tide  ;  and  the  time  came  in  which  they 
It  it  needful  to  withdraw  from  fellowship 
ith  those  who  had  deserted  the  principles 
'  Friends  and  to  join  themselves  to  those 
Dm  whom  .they  had  long  been  separated  ; 
it  who,  they  now  saw,  were  walking  in  the 
otsteps  of  our  early  members.  We  met 
ith  several  of  this  class — whose  company 
id  conversation  were  truly  comforting  and 
icouraging.  We  met  also  with  others,  who 
■e  yet  members  of  the  Binns'  Meeting,  but 
ho  seemed  to  be  preparing  to  take  a  similar 
ep. 

We  were  informed  that  many  of  thehyoung 
sople  had  left  the  Society  altogether,  and 
ther  become  members  of  other  religions 
>dies,  or  ceased  to  go  to  any  meeting, — that 
e  revival  meetings,  as  they  are  sometimes 
lied,  had  less  influence  in  the  community 
an  formerly  ;    and  those  who  were  active 

them  had  less  of  the  confidence  of  the 
iople.  So  far  as  we  could  ascertain,  the 
suits  of  these  sensational  movements  in  the 
jighborhoods  we  visited,  had  not  been  to 
•omote  the  cause  of  the  Redeemer,  but  rather 

lessen  the  Society  of  Friends  in  public 
titnation,  and  to  lower  the  standard  of  ti- 
ghtness and  morality. 

As  illustrating  the  tone  of  feeling  of  those 
'  their  members  who  still  retain  an  attach- 
ent  to  the  ways  and  views  of  our  forefathers 

the  truth,  we  quote  part  of  a  letter  written 


effect  upon  others.  Robert  Barclay  testified 
that  it  was  the  feeling  of  Divine  life  of  which 
he  was  sensible  in  the  -'silent  assemblies  of 
God's  people"  that  brought  him  under  con- 
viction of  the  truth.  Very  similar  was  the 
testimony  given  us  by  a  Friend  while  we 
were  in  Ohio  respecting  Marlborough  Meet- 
ing, which  he  attended  in  his  youth.  There 
was  at  that  time  no  minister  belonging  to  it, 
yet  they  were  often  favored  with  a  sensible 
evidence  of  the  Lord's  presence.  He  said 
that  many  a  time,  during  their  silent  sittings, 
he  had  seen  the  people,  both  old  and  young, 
melted  in  tears.  In  those  days  many  joined 
the  meeting  through  convineement. 

In  No.  19  of  the  present  volume  of  "  The 
Friend"  an  article  was  published,  bearing 
testimony  against  holding  Balls  as  a  means 
of  raising  money  for  charitable  purposes  ;  and 
stating  that  such  a  "  Charity  Ball,"  as  it  was 
termed,  was  then  in  prospect  in  this  city. 
This  has  since  occurred,  and  those  who  had 
the  management  of  it  offered  §2500,  part  of 
the  net  proceeds,  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Hospital  of  Philadelphia.  In  refer- 
ence to  this  offer,  the  Public  Ledger  of  3rd 
mo.  5th  states  : 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  Presbyterian  Hospital  yesterday,  it 
was  decided  to  decline  the  appropriation  of 
S2500  made  to  the  Hospital  by  the  managers 
of  the  Charity  Ball.  The  report  adopted 
says  :  "  It  is  our  conviction  that  it  would  be 
inconsistent  in  us  to  accept  means  for  the 
support  of  the  work  which  the  Church  has 
given  us  to  do  in  its  name  and  under  its  di- 
rection, which  the  church  itself  could  not  ac- 
cept— which  you  would  neither  ask  nor  expect 
the  Church  to  accept." 

We  are  glad  to  recognize  the  consistency 
and  propriety  of  this  action  of  the  Trustees. 
Those  who  believe  that  such  balls  furnish 
occasion  for  useless  display  and  extravagance. 
T  a  member  of  Alum  Creek  Quarterly  Meet- 'and  that  their  moral  and  religious  effect  on 
g,  a  meeting  added  to  the  Binns' Meeting  to  the  community  is  not  good,  ought  not,  as  it 
rengthen  it,  by  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting. 'appears  to  us,  to  countenance  them  by  j.ai- 
fter  stating  that  "The  Friend,"  which  she  taking  of  the  proceeds.  We  are  aware  that 
id  been  receiving  for  some  months,  was!  the  managers  of  a  public  charity,  such  as  this 
quite  in  accordance  with  our  views  of  whatJHospital,  may  think  it  allowable  to  do  for  its 
riendsoughttobe;"  the  writersays:  "Ihave  sake,  what  they  would  not  do  in  their  own 
i  idea  that  our  extreme  Friends  will  go  so  far  interest.  But  is  there  not  a  fallacy  in  this 
iat  in  time  they  will  do  themselves  out — that|  reasoning  ?  If  the  institution  was  located 
ght-thinking  minds  will  become  tired  with 'in  Louisiana,  where  lotteries  are  not  pro- 
1  the  folly  that  is  now  going  on.  The  case! hibited,  and  the  managers  of  a  lottery,  in 
entioned  in  the  paper  [the  account  of  a  de-' order  to  gain  public  favor,  were  to  offer  to 
Jtional  meeting  at  Plainfield,  Indiana,  9th  distribute  a  part  of  the  profits  of  their  scheme 
o.  16th,  1883,  published  in  No.  10  of  this  to  benevolent  institutions;  would  not  its  ac- 
)lume]  is  no  exceptional  one;  we  have  seen  ceptance  involve  a  share  of  responsibility  for 
jry  much  the  same  often.  I  wonder  what  the  demoralization  attendant  upon  that  form 
ill  come  next.  I  do  not  think  our  Friends  of  gambling  ?  The  difference  in  the  two  cases 
sreaway  arc  nearly  so  far  astray  as  others  is  more  in  degree  than  in  kind, 
iat  come  occasionally  amongst  us  with  dis-|  We  cannot,  as  directors  of  public  institu- 
irbing  elements  ;  and  that  has  always  been  tions,  or  as  officers  of  the  Government,  give 
ie  case  with  us  of  late,  and  it  ought,  not  to!  official  sanction  to  measures  which  are  re- 
ive been  permitted.  Now,  innovations  of  pugnant  to  our  own  convictions  of  what  is 
ie  kind  or  other  have  so  crept  in  that  ourj  morally  right ;  and  yet  escape  from  individual 
eetings  seem  wafted  about  with  every  wind  responsibility. 

[  doctrine,  and  no  standard  of  its  own  any  

ore."  A  willingness  to  submit  to  the  decisions  of 

We  are  renewedly  impressed  with  a  sense  the  law,  instead  of  attempting  to  enforce  their 
I  how  important  it  is,  that  Friends  of  Ohio' own  views  of  right  and  justice  by  personal 
early  Meeting,  and  indeed  all  everywhere' violence,  is  one  of  the  characteristics  of  a 
ho  love  the  principles  and  desire  the  pros-J  civilized  community.  Without  the  exercise 
srity  of  our  Society,  should  be  a  living,  of  the  self-restraint  implied  in  this  trait,  there 
)iritually-minded  people,  so  that  their  exam- 1  can  be  neither  order  nor  liberty;  but  the 
Ie  may  have  a  convincing  and  gathering  tendency  will  be  towards  a  despotic  govern- 


ment, which  is  the  natural  refuge  from  anar- 
chy. It  is  peculiarly  important  to  the  people 
of  our  countiy,  composed  of  various  races, 
and  spreading  over  an  immense  area  of  lands 
widely  separated  bj-  mountains  and  deserts, 
that  the  law-abiding  instinct  should  be  care- 
fully cultivated,  and  every  violation  of  it  con- 
demned by  public  opinion. 

The  frequent  instances  in  some  sections, 
where,  under  the  influence  of  popular  indigna- 
tion at  some  real  or  supposed  crime,  persons 
have  been  put  to  death  without  legal  trial  by 
armed  mobs,  cannot  but  raise  anxious  fore- 
bodings in  the  minds  of  thoughtful  men,  at 
such  decided  steps  towards  barbarism  and 
anarchy. 

A  recent  paper  states  that  at  the  funeral 
of  a  family  at  Avondale,  Ohio,  who  had  been 
murdered  ;  two  persons,  both  of  whom  are 
styled  "  Reverend."  advocated  summary  pun- 
ishment of  the  murderers,  without  resort  to 
Courts.  It  is  sorrowful  indeed,  when  those 
who  are  looked  up  to  by  some  as  teachers  of 
what  is  right  and  good,  thus  encourage  the 
commission  of  a  crime,  which,  in  the  eye  of 
the  law,  is  as  clearly  murder,  as  was  the  act 
it  is  designed  to  punish.  Such  teachers  are 
deficient  either  in  sound  sense  or  right  feel- 
ing; and  in  either  case  must  bring  reproach 
upon  the  cause  of  religion,  which  they  are 
supposed  to  advocate. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  lias 
made  an  important  decision,  affirming  the  constitutional 
power  of  Congress  to  make  money  out  of  paper  in  time 
of  peace  as  well  as  war.  The  New  York  correspondent 
of  the  Public  Ledger,  writes :  "The  apprehension  is  that 
it  will  infuse  fresh  life  into  the  Greenback  party,  start 
a  new  inllation  craze,  and  seriously  interfere  with  the 
present  sound  basis  of  the  national  finances.  The  ap- 
prehension may  be  idle,  or  savor  of  borrowing  trouble, 
but  it  is  entertained  by  not  a  few  of  the  clearest-headed 
financiers  and  merchants  who  are  accustomed  to  look 
ahead  and  to  study  causes  and  consequences.  The  mis- 
chief will  probably  not  develop  itself  as  long  as  trade 
is  stagnant  and  money  goes  a  begging  at  2  a  3  per  cent, 
per  annum,  but  on  the  first  appearance  of  stringency  we 
might  as  well  be  prepared  for  a  renewal,  at  the  West 
more  especially,  of  the  demand  for  fi.it  money,  the  right 
of  Congress  to  manufacture  which  would  now  seem  to 
be  affirmed  by  the  highest  tribunal  in  the  land." 

In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  5th  instant,  Senator  Gar- 
land, from  the  Judiciary  Committee,  reported  a  bill 
providing  for  the  collection  of  statistics  touching  mar- 
riage and  divorce.  A  bill  was  passed  extending  the 
limits  of  the  Yellowstone  Park.  It  will  add  about  2000 
square  miles  to  the  3200  already  embraced  within  the 
Park's  limits.  The  Pendleton  bill,  reported  from  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  providing  for  the  ex- 
ercise of  the  jurisdiction  conferred  upon  the  United 
Slates  in  places  outside  their  dominion,  was  taken  up. 
It  provides,  among  other  things,  for  the  establishment 
of  a  District  Court  of  the  United  States  in  China  and 
one  in  Japan,  the  court  in  China  to  have  two  judges, 
that  in  Japan  to  have  one  judge;  these  three  judges 
when  sitting  together  in  China  to  constitute  a  Court  of 
Appeal,  and  lobe  known  as  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  for  China,  and  when  silting  together  in 
Japan,  to  be  known  as  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  for  Japan. 

On  the  10th  inst.,  Senator  Bayard  submitted  a  reso- 
lution directing  the  Judiciary  Committee  to  report  on 
the  expediency  of  amending  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  so  as  to  more  effectually  provide  that 
Congress  shall  not  have  power  to  make  anything  but 
gold  and  silver  coin  a  legal  tender  for  the  payment  of 
debts,  nor  pass  any  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  con- 
tracts. Senator  Garland  also  submitted  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  providing  that  "that  portion  of 
public  debt  of  the  United  Stales  represented  by  notes 
issued  under  the  authority  of  law  with  the  quality  of 
lawful  money,  and  as  a  legal  tender  for  the  payment  of 
debts,  shall  never  exceed  the  sum  of  $350,000,000,  un- 
less the  bill  or  bills  providing  for  such  increase  of  issue 
shall  receive  the  concurrence  of  two- thirds  of  each  house 
of  Congress,  and  the  votes  on  all  such  such  bills  shall 


250 


THE    FRIEND. 


be  recorded  by  yeas  and  nays  on  the  journal  of  each 
House." 

On  the  same  day  Representative  Potter,  of  New  York, 
introduced  a  resolution  proposing  a  Constitutional 
amendment  providing  that  nothing  but  gold  and  silver 
coin  shall  be  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts,  except  after 
a  declaration  of  war,  when  the  public  safety  may  re- 
quire it.  Abraham  Hewitt,  of  the  same  State,  also  in- 
troduced a  Constitutional  amendment  providing  that 
"  Congress  shall  not  have  power  to  make  anything  but 
gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  to  the  payment  of  debts." 

The  Indian  Appropriation  bill   has  been  reported  to 


19  of  old  age;   19  of  convulsions;  1G  of  paralysis;  16 

of  scarlet  fever,  and  9  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4$'s,  registered,   113f;   coupon, 

113|;  4's,  registered,  123;  coupon,  124;  3's,  registered, 

102;  currency  6's,  129  a  137. 

Cotton  continues  quiet,  but  prices  were  steady.    Sales 

of  middlings  are  reported  at  11  a  11}  cts.  per  pound 

for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8}  a  8}  cts.  for  export, 

and  9J  a  9}  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  quiet,  but  firmly  held.  Sales  of  2000  bar- 
rels, including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.75  a  $6;  Penn- 
the  Committee  on  Appropriations  by  the  sub-committee' sylvania  family  at  $4.62$  a  $4.87$;  western  do.  at  $5 
having  it  in  charge.  It  appropriates  $5,379, .".73,  which  a  SO,  and  patents  at  to'  a  $6.75.  Kye  flour  is  quiet  at 
is  $20,718  more  than  the  amount  appropriated  last  vear.   $3.50  a  $3  00  per  barrel. 

The  estimates  were  for  §8,466,800.  The  bill  prohibits  J  Grain.— Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher.  About  8000 
the  War  Department  from  bringing  liquor  into  Indian  bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.17  a 
reservations  under  any  circumstances,  and  appropriates  $1.17$  ;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.18;  No.  2  at  $1,081  a  $1.16 
$5000  for  the  detection  and  prosecution  of  persons  in- J  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red 
traducing  liquor  into  the  Indian  reservations.  A  census  at  984  cts.  per  bushel,  and  20,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at 
of  Indians  is  also  provided  for.  |$1.0S  a$1.08|  3rd  mo.,  $1.09f  a  $1.10]  4th  mo.,$l.llJ 

Steamships  Pavonia  and  Abyssinia  arrived  at  New  a  $1.12  5th  mo.,  and  $1,124,  a  $1.13  6th  mo.  Corn. — 
York  from  Liverpool  on  the  afternoon  of  the  7th  inst.  Car  lots  were  firm:  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  61 
The  Pavonia  reports  passing  a  number  of  formidable  a  02  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow; 
icebergs,  and  the  Abyssinia  had  similar  experiences. '  59  a  61  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed 
The  purser  says :  "  At  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the'  at  60  a  61  cts.  3rd  mo.,  60  a  60J  cts.  4lh  mo.,  61f  a 
2d  inst.,  the  thermometer  indicated  the  proximity  of  61$  cts.  5th  mo.,  and  61$  a  62$  cts.  6th  mo.  Oats. — Car 
ice,  and  shortly  afterward  a  large  field  of  ice,  inter-  j  lots  were  unchanged.  About  10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots 
spersed  with  bergs,  was  discovered  directly  ahead.  The  at  42  a  44  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and 
speed  of  the  ship  was  immediately  reduced  and  her'  No.  2  white  at  43  a  43$  cts.  3rd  mo.,  43  a  43$  cts.  4th 
course  changed  to  the  southward.  During  the  whole,  mo.,  43£  a  444  cts.  5th  mo.,  and  44}  a  44$-  cts.  6th  mo. 
day  we  were  surrounded  by  huge  blocks  of  floating  ice,  j  Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  3d 
while  at  a  short  distance  enormous  bergs  were  seen '  mo.  8th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  410;  loads  of  straw,  80. 
towering  to  an  immense  height.  Icebergs  of  all  sizes;  Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
and  every  imaginable  shape  sparkled  with  prismatic  $1.00  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
brilliancy  under  the  rays  of  an  unclouded  sun,  while  straw,  70  a  80  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

far  and  near,  and  on  all  sides,  great  masses  of  ice  could  \  Beef  cattle  were  less  active,  and  prices  were  a  shade 
be  seen  rolling  and  plunging  in  the  sea,  as  the  waves  lower:  3000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards 
tossed  them  to  and  fro  or  broke  in  foam  against  them.'  at  5  a  7$  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 
At  least  fifty  bergs  could  be  seen  at  any  time  during  the  |  Sheep  were  flrmly  held:  10,000  head  arrived  and 
day,  and  at  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  seventy  were  sold  at  4  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at  4$  a  7$  cts.  per  pound, 
visible  from  the  deck.     On  the  morning  of  the  3rd  we  as  to  quality. 

ran  into  clear  water  and  saw  no  more  ice."  |      Hogs  continue  dull:   3700   head  arrived  and  sold  at 

An  'ice  storm"  occurred  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  the  different  yards  at  7  a  10J  cts.  per  pound,  as  to 
on  6th  and  7th  days  last  week,  which  was  the  most  de-  quality. 

structive  for  many  years.  An  ice  coating  of  extraordi-l  Foreign. — Two  members  of  the  firm  of  Parker, 
nary  thickness  formed  on  the  trees  and  telegraph  wires,  Solicitors,  in  Bedford  Row,  London,  have  absconded, 
and  the  streets  are  filled  with  fallen  trees  and  branches  having  misappropriated  clients'  title  deeds.  Their  lia- 
and  broken  wires.  j  hi  lilies  are  between  £1,000,000  and  £2,000,000.     They 

The  rain  storm  of  Seventh-day  night  and  First-day,   had  borrowed  £500,000  for  various  speculations. 
in  California,  was  the  severest  for  many  years.     The!      The    Times'    Khartoum    despatches   say:    "General 
Santa  Clara  Valley,  "  for  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles,"!  Gordon  advises   the   appointment  of  Zobehr   Pasha  to  Chestnut, 
is  reported  to  be  "a  vast  lake,"  and  the  damage  is  esti-  succeed  himself  as  Governor  of  the  Soudan.    He  thinks'      3d  mo.  14th. 
mated  at  $500,000.  that  Zobehr,  if  adequately  supported,  would  dispose  of  Predictions." 

On  the  5th  instant  the  thermometer  registered  36  de-;  the  Mahdi  within  a  year.     He  strongly  denounces  the  j      ;!''   '""•  -■*'■— James  \\ood,  on    'Scener; 
grees  below  zero  near  Suncook  Kiver,  New  Hampshire,   proposed  British  expedition  to  reconquer  the  Soudan,   an'J  History  of  the  Rhine. 

—the  lowest  point  touched  in  that  locality  for  thirty  and  expresses  deep  anxiety  for  the  situation  at  Khar-j     3(1  lno-  28th.— John  H.  Dillingham  on    The  Idolatry 
years.  loum.     Unless  the  British  act  promptly  in  regard  to °'  Culture. '  . 

The  worst  wind  and  snow  storm  of  the  winter  has   Zobehr    Pasha's   appointment   the  victory  of  General  I      4l}\  mo.  4th— 1<  rancis   King  Carey  on       Women  Ql 
prevailed  at  Montpelier,  Vermont,  since  Seventh-day   Graham  will,  in  his  opinion,  have  been  useless  blood-,  ",e  Fwentieth  Century. 

the  8th.     In  all  directions  the  highways  are  blocked  by  shed.     He   does    not    believe  in  sending  further  tele-       Pickets    lor  single   Lecture  2o  cents.     They  may  be 
"immense  quantities  of  snow,"  and  trains  were  blocked  grams.     It  is  no  longer  a  question  of  days,  but  of  hours,   obtained  at  I. SI  I,  1m lb -it  St.,  304  Arch  St.,  and  the  hall 
for  hours.     A  telegram  from  Farmington,  Maine,  re- 1  It  is  reported  that  the  Sheikh  Obeid,  on  the  other  side  on  tlie  evening  of  the  Lecture, 
ports  that  snow  has  been  falling  since  Seventh-day  in  !  of  the  Blue  Nile,  has  risen.     If  this  is  so  the  telegraphs  I 

that  region,  blocking  all  the  turnpikes  and  railroads,  j  will  be  cut  forthwith.     It  is  improbable  that  the  rebels  BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN' 
No  trains  have  gone  over  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  ;  will  attack  Khartoum.     They  will  try  to  starve  the  city  I  AT  TUNESSASSA. 

since  Seventh-day  morning.     There  is  also  a  serious' into  submission."  |      Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  in) 

blockade  in  Central  and  Northern  New  Hamp-j  ^  Twenty-seven   hundred  bodies  have   been  buried  at  working  the  farm,  and   take  charge  of  the  boy 


journ  at  Cannes,  under  a  private  warning  that  his  prefi 
sence  in  Paris  was  fostering  Royalist  intrigues. 

A  despatch  received  in  London  from  Berlin  says 
"  The  newspapers  here  continue  their  shameful  attac! 
upon  Minister  Sargeant.  Never  has  the  hospitality 
which  civilized  nations  recognize  as  the  inviolable  righ  | 
of  foreign  representatives  been  more  flagrantly  outraget 
by  suborned  organs.  Representations  have  been  mad( 
to  the  Washington  Onvernment  on  the  subject." 

It  is  reported  that  Bismarck  has  informed  the  Italiat 
Ambassador  at  Berlin  that  a  friendly  entente  has  beel 
arranged  with  Russia,  but  no  treaty,  and  that  the  recent 
pourparlers  were  limited  to  the  restoration  of  cordial 
relations  between  Emperor  William  and  the  Czar. 

The  Queen  of  Madagascar  is  said  to  have  organizer! 
a  police  force  to  prevent  the  manufacture,  importatiot 
or  sale  of  intoxicants  in  her  dominions. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Toronto  Presbytery  held  on  thf 
6th  inslant,  a  report  was  submitted  denouncing  secret 
societies  as  being  opposed  to  religion.  It  is  said  "  th( 
matter  has  given  rise  to  considerable  excitement  ic 
Masonic  and  other  circles." 

The  Peruvian  Assembly  has  ordered  that  a  commit 
sion  be  appointed  to  investigate  the  causes  of  the  dia. 
asters  which  befell  in  the  late  war,  and  has  adopted  i 
vote  of  thanks  to  General  Iglesias,  in  the  name  of  the 
nation,  for  his  patriotic  conduct.  The  treaty  of  peact 
with  Chili  has  been  ratified. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Thinl-d>y,  the  6th  oj 
Fifth  month.  Parents  and  others  intending  to  send 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  application 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Superintendent,  address 
Westtown  P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. ;  or  to  Charles  J. 
Allen,  Treasurer,  No.  304  Arch  St.,  Philada. 

TRACT  ASSOCIATION  OF  FRIENDS. 

The  Annual  Meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Committee-' 

room   of  Arch   Street   Meeting-house,  on    Fourth-day 

evening  the  20lh  inst.,  at  8  o'clock.     Friends  who  are' 

interested  in  the  subject  are  invited  to  attend. 

Auxiliary  associations  which  have  not  already  done 
so,  are  desired  to  forward  their  Annual  Reports. 

El-ward  Maris,  Clerk 
Philadelphia,  3d  mo.  1884. 

A  Course  of  Four  Lectures,  under  the  direction  ol 
Friends'  Institute,  Philadelphia,  is  to  be  delivered  in 
the  Hall  of  the  Mercantile  Library,  Tenth  street  above 


Professor  Pliny  E.  Chase  on  "  Weathet 
Romance 


shire 

An  expert  connected  with  the  Pennsylvania  geologi- 
cal survey  estimates  the  amount  of  the  coal  still  re- 
maining in  the  anthracite  region  at  8,000,000,000  tons. 
Should  the  present  rate  of  coal  production  be  continued, 
the  supply  will  last  about  250  years.  Only  46  per  cent, 
of  the  volume  of  the  coal  in  any  given  vein  gets  to 
market.  The  pillars  left  standing  to  support  the  roof 
take  33  per  cent,  of  the  whole,  and  24  per  cent,  is  wasted. 
Until  quite  recently  only  27  per  cent,  of  the  coal  vein 
could  be  used.  The  pillars  required  41  per  cent,  and 
32  per  cent,  was  wasted. 

The  Jersey  cow,  Princess  II.  No.  8046,  owned  by  S. 
M.  Shoemaker,  of  Baltimore,  was  recently  tested  care- 
fully, and  found  to  have  produced  27  pounds  and  10 
ounces  of  butler  for  one  week,  claimed  to  be  the  largest 
test  of  butter  for  one  week  ever  recorded. 

The  Iowa  Senate  has  passed  a  strict  prohibition  bill 
by  a  vote  of  34  to  11.  The  bill  had  passed  the  House 
a  few  days  previously.  The  bill  was  enrolled  and 
promptly  signed  by  the  Governor. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  389, 
which  was  29  more  than  during  the  previous  week, 
and  3  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last. 
year.  Of  the  whole  number  192  were  males,  and  197 
females ;  65  died  of  consumption  ;  22  of  pneumonia ; 


the  light  out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


Teb,  including  those  of  Egyptians   killed 
between  Baker  Pasha's  troops  and  the  rebels 

Legitimist  circles  in  France  are  excited  over  a 
ported   plot  to   assassinate  the  Coiote  de  Paris.     The 
report  is  based  upon  the  fact  that  on  the  7th  instant, 
package  handed  in  at  the  railway  parcel  office  at  Lyons 
and    addressed    "Comte  de  Paris,  at    his    Hotel, 'Rue 

Varenne,  Paris,"  was  found  on  examination  to  contain  MARRIED,  at  I ,  lends'  meeting-house,  Plyn 
an  infernal  machine.  The  package  was  oblong  in  shape  ()lli".  ""  Third-day,  19th  of  2nd  mo.  1SS4,  Joshua  \V\ 
being  17  inches  long  and  12  inches  wide.  Theoflicials  Smith,  ol  Smyrna,  (inernsey  county,  and  Eva  Irene, 
were  led  to  examine  it  by  finding  that  the  wrapping  daughter  of  Edmund  S.,  and  Mary  M.  Fowler,  of  the! 
had  become  undone.     They  found  in  it  a  Hat  metal  box  ,  former  place.      _ 

containing  a  clock  movement  and  a  quantity  of  dyna- :lt  F"en<«  meeting-house,  Southland,  Ohio, 

mite.  The  Comte  was  absent  from  bis  Paris  residence,  ""  Third-day,  19lh  of  2nd  mo.  18S4,  Lindley  Shaw, 
having  gone  to  Cannes.  Had  the  package  reached  its  "'  Springville.  Iowa,  and  Mary  Alice,  daughter  of 
destination  and  exploded,  the  domestics  would  have  KLw.jod  and  tiainor  Burgess  (the  lormer  deceased),  of 
been  the  sufferers.  I  the  former  place. 

On  the  10th  inst.,  President  Grevy's  organ,  I,e  Paris} at  '''''ends'  meeting-house,  Arch  St.,  Phila- 

contained  a  threatening  note  directed  against  the  Comte  delphia,  °n  Fifth-day,  3rd  mo.  6th,  George  C,  son  ol| 
de  Paris.  The  note  says  that  the  Government  is  aware  Caleb  aml  Hannah  Webster,  and  Sarah  Ellek, 
that  the  Royalist  party  is  engaging  in  active  work  of,fla"Shler  °.f  Joseph  and   Mary  Ann  Whitely,  all  of 

propaganda  against  the  Republic,  and  that  the  Govern-  j  Philadelphia. 

incut  has  resolved  to  adopt  the  most  energetic  measures    -  '  ~~       -        -     — 

against  the  pretender  upon  the  day  when  saloon  talk  I  Died,  in  this  city,  on  the  19th  of  2nd  month  last, 
passes  into  practical  organization  against  the  Kepubli-  Sarah  IIoocks,  a  member  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of 
can  forces.     The  Comte  has  gone  for  a  six  weeks'  so-  j  Friends  of  Philadelphia. 


THE    FRIEND. 


A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  THIRD  MONTH  22, 


NO.    33. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid  in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

MOORESTOWN,    BCRLINGTON   Co.,   N.  J. 


sCLOml-eb^ 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "  The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

1798,  10th  month  29lb.  Exceedingly 
ained  ibr  want  of  clear  vision  to  behold  the 
jood  things  which  God  hath  in  store  for  them 
vho  love  Him.  Ah  me!  there  is  no  remedy, 
>ut  in  Him  whose  mercy  is  overall  his  works, 
nd  it  is  hard  to  come  at  it.  Press  after  it, 
)  my  soul!  Press  after  it  as  after  a  hidden 
reasure,  or  after  a  pearl  of  great  price! 

30th.  Still  wandering  in  the  wilderness, 
ind  almost  carried  away  with  the  dragon's 
lood.  This  afternoon  Roger  Haviland  and 
saac  Osborne  from  Oblong,  came  to  see  me. 
4.fter  a  short  time  of  silence  the  cup  of  con- 
iolation  was  freely  administered  to  us.  Roger 
pressed  much  concerning  my  present  con- 
lition,  well  suited  to  it.  This,  he  said,  was  a 
Dart  of  his  exercise  at  home,  by  his  own  fire- 
lide,  when  the  prospect  was  before  him  of  this 
present  journey.  It  was,  indeed,  a  seasonable 
psit,  and  contributed  greatly  to  my  relief.  O 
he  goodness  and  mercy  of  God  in  thus  ad- 
ninistering  in  the  needful  time!     O  the  lan- 

; ge    that    he  uttered,    '  Withhold  not  the 

;hildren's  bread!'  May  it  remain  sealed  upon 
By  heart!  and  I  learn  obedience  by  the  things 
,hat  I  suffer ! 


ceived  intelligence  of  the  death  of  a  friend, 
with  whom  I  had  an  acquaintance,  and  some 
awful  circumstances  attending  her  exit.  The 
account  struck  me  with  solemnity,  and  caused 
me  to  retrace  the  steps  of  my  own  past  life, 
and  examine  them  closely.  O,  may  1  be  fully 
prepared  for  such  an  awful  event,  come  when 
t  may. 

■  17th.  Deeply  immersed  in  trouble  about 
ny  outward  circumstances;  they  are  straight- 
:ning.  O  may  I  be  preserved  from  bringing! 
i  blemish  on  the  Truth  ! 

"  18th.  Sat  meeting  poor  and  destitute  ;  no  j 
rest  for  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Through  impa- 
tience the  adversary  found  an  avenue,  and  got 
the  advantage,  o'the  expediency  of  watch- 
fulness unto  prayer;  without  which  I  feel  noi 
well-grounded  hope  of  preservation. 

"21st.  In  meeting  a  small  ray  of  light 
beamed  in  upon  the  soul,  and  raised  a  living 
desire  for  my  own  good  and  for  the  good  of 
my  fellow  creatures.  This  gives  a  cheering 
hope  that  light  will  yet  spring  forth  beyond 
what  has  been  hitherto  experienced. 

'•  23d.  The  enemy  magnifies  himself  against 
me.  O  for  ability  sufficient  to  render  me  suc- 
cessful in  the  spiritual  warfare. 

"  25th.  My  mind  was  again  impressed  with 
weight,  as  in  several  meetings  past.  May  I 
wait  carefully  in  resignation,  that  if  there  be 
anything  like  special  duty,  to  attend  to  it. 
My  sufferings  have  been  great  for  a  series  of 
years.  The  cause  of  Truth  looks  awfully  re- 
sponsible to  engage  in  ;  especially  to  one  whOj 
has  been  witness  to  such  a  scene  of  tossings 
and  conflict. 

"  26th.  Nearly  exhausted  of  that  love  which 
reconciles  to  God,  and  gives  ability  to  breathe 
for  good.  Many  obstacles  appear  in  the  way 
of  approaching  that  fountain  which  is  set 
open  for  all  the  sincere-hearted  to  wash  and 
bathe  in  to  cleanse  them  from  the  pollutions 
of  sin.     Alas!   what  can   I  do  in  the  hour  of 


i       11th  month  8th.    In  our  Monthly  Meeting  „. 

toy  mind  was   strengthened  a   little  by  the  trial,  but  to  cast  all  my  care  upon  Him  who, 

in  the  beginning,  said,  '  let  there  be  light,  and 
there  was  light.' 

"  12th  month  2nd.  To-day  in  our  meeting, 
through  mercy,  ability  was  vouchsafed  to 
pray  for  all,  both  enemies  and  friends.  My 
mind  was  raised  above  all  doubting,  and  made 
truly  sensible  it  is  only  as  we  forgive  that  we 
can  hope  to  be  forgiven. 

"7th.  Bowed  down  all  the  day  long!  On 
a  review  of  concerns  in  Monthly  Meeting 
yesterday,  the  prospect  looks  dark  and  dreary. 
Things  spiritual,  too  low  and  languid  :  Truth 
falling  in  the  streets;  justice  stands  afar  off; 
equity  gets  no  entrance!  Human  wisdom 
magnifying  itself  over  simplicit}',  and  the 
haughtiness  of  imperious  man  lifted  up,  and 
the  simple-hearted  set  in  mourning!  0  Lord 
arise!  Thou  and  the  ark  of  thy  strength. 

"  This  month  attended  our  Quarterly  Meet- 
ing, held  at  Dover.     The   mind   got  a  little 
condi- 


jffects  of  faithfulness — may  it  stimulate  to 
nore. 

11th.  First  day  of  the  week.  By  close 
nward  application,  a  good  degree  of  resigna- 
,ion  was  attained.  I  am  trying  to  learn  con- 
entmcnt  in  all  conditions,  and  am  glad  to 
ejoice  under  it. 

"13th.  The  enemy  is  exceedingly  busy; 
md  the  necessity  of  feeling  1113-  strength  dailj* 
■enewed  is  impressive.  Fast,  then,  niy  soul, 
rom  those  things  which  feed  him,  and  watch 
jontinually  unto  prayer.  O  thou  feeble  one ! 
seek  for  strength  :  breathe  fervently  in  the 
ittle  for  more.  Be  faithful  to  small  manifes- 
tations of  light,  and  in  it  thou  shalt  see  more 
light. 

"  14th.  Depressed  with  fear  of  sitting  down 
n  forgetfulness  of  God  and  of  his  requisitions. 
In  meeting  the  cloud  was  raised  a  little, 
under  a  sense  of  which  I  sat  with  composure 
and  tend' 


nd  tenderness.    But  the  cloud  not  being  fully  strength  by  a  testimony  suited  to  my 
ff,  wait  patiently;   try  the  fleece  both  wet  tion. 
ind  dry  before  thou  move.     This  evening  re-      "16th.     First  day  of  the  week  at 


Salem 


Meeting.  Oh  may  I  be  faithful  to  that  which 
is  committed  to  my  charge,  and  patiently  en- 
dure all  permitted  to  fall  upon  me,  until  pre- 
fection  is  complete^*  attained. 

"  18th.  Several  Friends  with  us — thanks 
for  every  crumb.  Gladly  will  I  vie  with  them 
in  faithfulness,  and  become  a  co-worker  in  the 
labor  of  the  day.  May  the  Lord  of  the  harvest 
raise  up  and  quality  more,  many  more,  faith- 
ful laborers  to  work  in  his  vineyard. 

"19th.  Our  aforesaid  friends  at  meeting 
with  us  and  extensively  engaged  in  public 
testimony.  O,  poor  Lynn!  when  wilt  thou 
be  suitably  touched  with  a  sense  of  the  many 
favors  received,  and  bow  in  reverend  grati- 
tude. This  evening  met  those  friends  at  Estes 
Xewhall's,  where  in  a  sitting  there  was  a  free 
channelof  communication  opened  to  the  circle 
present,  in  which  flowed  the  language  of  in- 
struction and  encouragement.  My  mind  also 
became  impressed  with  a  few  words  to  offer, 
and  after  some  struggle  I  gave  up  to  express 
nearly  as  follows,  viz  :  'Whosoever  seeks  to 
save  his  life  in  this  world,  shall  lose  it;  but 
whosoever  shall  loso  his  life  for  my  sake  and 
the  gospel,  shall  save  it  unto  life  eternal.  I 
have  thought,  although  it  may  be  laborious, 
and  very  arduous  to  the  fleshly  mind  and  will, 
in  the  present  state  of  liberty  and  relaxation, 
to  live  under  the  crucifying  operation  of  the 
cross  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  I  do  believe  it 
is  not  only  as  necessary  now  as  formerly,  but 
it  is  safe.'*  O,  the  flowings  of  the  love  of  God 
that  ushered  into  my  soul,  after  this  small  act 
of  dedication.  I  wanted  no  man's  testimony 
in  confirmation  of  its  authority.  The  work  of 
the  Gospel  is  indeed  its  own  reward  ;  may  I 
humbly  bow  to  the  part  assigned  me. 

"22d.  Manna  gathered  yesterday  is  not 
to  be  depended  on,  it  grows  stale.  Daily 
bread  is  needful  to  sustain  the  spiritual  life. 

"  23d.  In  our  meeting  labored  for  resigna- 
tion ;  but  O,  the  hardness  of  heart,  and  pre- 
vailing of  unbelief:  obstacles  to  the  circulation 
of  that  life  by  which  aloue  these  meetings  are 
made  edifying  to  the  panting  soul. 

"This  afternoon  attended  the  funeral  of 
Hugh  Alley,  an  aged  member  of  our  Society. 
My  mind  was  brought  under  a  weighty  exer- 
cise by  a  little  matter  designed  for  communi- 
cation. But  ere  it  was  sufficiently  matured, 
some  Friend  broke  the  meeting,  and  the  peo- 
ple began  to  move.  Ah  happy  circumstance, 
to  know  the  right  times  and  seasons,  when 
the  cloud  is  raised  from  the  tabernacle,  and 
when  not. 

"26th.  Apparently  stripped  of  all  sensible 
consolation  to  the  spiritual  mind.  All  that  ex- 
perience has  heretofore  attained  seems  taken 
away.  Great  weakness  predominates  over 
all  the  powers  of  the  mind. 

"Soon  after  I  was  seated  in  our  meeting, 
my  mind  became  impressed  with  matter  of 
treat  weight.  I  reasoned  upon  it,  but  its 
weight  increased,  and  no  way  was  found  for 
a  peaceful  relief  but  by  offering  it  publicly. 

"  27th.   Fruits  of  obedience  remain  sweetly 


258 


THE    FRIEND. 


consoling.  But  this  is  not  tbe  place  of  thy 
rest;  be  prepared  then  for  u  fresh  attack  of 
the  busy  adversary,  and  seek  for  strength  to 
counteract  and  frustrate  all  his  secret,  dark 
and  malignant  designs,  by  walking  humbly 
and  patiently  with  thy  God,  and  by  obedi- 
ence to  all  his  requisitions. 

"28th.  A  fresh  proof  of  human  weakness 
and  instability!  on  account  of  which  a  keen 
reproof  is  felt.  Lord,  let  not  thy  band  spare, 
nor  thy  eye  pity,  until  my  redemption  is  more 
effectually  wrought,  and  I  delivered  from 
under  the  dominion  of  him  who  reigns  in  the 
hearts  of  the  children  of  disobedience  ;  and 
my  mind  brought  into  a  daily  and  invariable 
dependence  on  Thee  :  for  without  Thee  I  can 
do  nothing." 


(To 


ed.) 


The  Ohio  Flood. 

The  flood  in  the  Ohio  River  has  attracted 
so  much  attention  that  perhaps  a  short  notice 
of  it  may  be  acceptable  to  some  of  the  readers 
of  "The  Friend." 

About  the  first  of  the  Second  month  the 
snow  which  covered  the  country,  was,  under 
a  mild  spell  of  weather,  melted,  and  tilled  the 
streams.  On  the  fourth  of  the  month  a  rain 
storm  set  in,  which  continued  till  the  sixth, 
in  which  time  4.46  inches  of  water  fell.     The 


generally,  that  many  years  would  elapse  be- 
fore such  a  calamity  would  again  visit  this 
locality.  Thus  many  buildings  were  repaired 
or  replaced  on  the  old  foundations,  thinking 
it  safe  to  do  so. 

When  the  flood  of  this  year  came  upon  them 
many  of  the  more  provident  were  on  the  alert 
and  early  sought  safety  for  themselves  and 
their  surroundings  ;  and  it  is  thought  much 
suffering  was  thus  averted  by  timely  retreat. 
But  this  year's  flood  far  exceeded  that  of  1883, 
as  at  its  height  it  rose  to  71  feet — five  feet 
above  last  year's  rise  and  26  feet  above  high 
water  mark. 

It  was  a  sad  sight  to  stand  on  the  river's 
brink  and  see  the  work  of  destruction  made  by 
the  resistless  torrent.  At  any  time  the  ruins 
of  buildings  might  be  noticed  passing  down 
the  current : — at  times  a  house  apparently  un- 
broken, or  a  barn  still  holding  together,  but 
far  more  frequently  broken  fragments  of  some 
building;  indeed,  we  never  visited  the  river 
without  seeing  more  or  less  of  these  sad  evi- 
dences of  ruin.  Many  buildings  seemed  to 
be  almost  entire  as  they  passed  down  the 
stream.  One  barn  thus  floating  was  visited, 
by  boat,  and  sixty  chickens  were  said  to  have 
been  rescued  from  the  mows.  Oftentimes 
these  wrecks  would  float  into  the  quieter 
waters  and  stranding,  remain.  A  train  of 
freight  cars  was  taken  out  of  Cincinnati  and 


ground  was  frozen,  so  that  this  large  fall  of  placed  for  safety  on  a  more  elevated  part  of 


water  could  be  only  partially  absorbed  ;  and 
so  it  drained  rapidly  into  the  Ohio  River. 

If  we  will  look  at  the  map  and  note  the 
amount  of  this  surface  drainage,  we  will  be 
prepared  to  understand  why  so  great  a  flood 
followed  this  rain  storm.     The  Ohio  valley  on 


the  road.  We  walked  out  to  see  them  as 
they  stood  on  the  rails.  The  water  rose  till 
the  rails  were  submerged — then  the  wheels 
disappeared  and,  at  is  height,  only  the  roofs  of 
the  cars  were  to  be  seen  above  the  water. 
Owing  to  the  lessons  of  last  year,  and  the 


the  east  reaches  to  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  (precautions   taken,  it  is  thought   not   much 
and  all  the  rivers  and  their  tributaries  west  of; loss  of  life  occurred,  though  some  cases  are 


that  range  empty  into  the  Ohio  River.  Thus 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  north  has  the  river 
Alleghany,  which  takes  part  of  its  waters  from 


known  to  have  taken  place  ;  as  to  the  loss  of 
property,  it  is  too  early  to  tell  what  it  will 
be,  but  if  last  year's  estimates  are  rel 


.Me. 


western  New  York;  and  the  Monongahela  :  will  indeed  be  deplorable.  These  were  placed 
and  Youghiogheny,  large  tributaries  from  the  at  sixty  millions  of  dollars!  As  this  year's 
southwest.  From  Virginia,  the  Kanawha  and  flood  was  so  much  greater  than  that,  the 
Big  Sandy  Rivers,  and  minor  streams,  are  same  may  be  assumed  as  a  probable  estimate, 
received,  while  the  State  of  Ohio  itself  is  These  losses  fall  largely  on  the  poorer  classes, 
drained  by  the  Mahoning,  Beaver,  Muskingum  who  live  on  the  river  flats,  hold  small  plots 
and  both  Miamis.  So  large  an  amount  of  of  ground,  and  have  small  frame  tenements, — 
water  gathered  into  one  channel  will  wellimostly  one  story  or  one  and  a-half  stories 
account  for  the  disasters  which  overtook  the! high,  easily  carried  away  or  wrecked  ;  great 
dwellers  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  River.  Inumbers    of   such    families    find    themselves 

Our  observations  will  bo  confined  to  tho'homeless  and  hopeless  of  the  future.  Many 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati.  lot"  the  dwellers  in   the   small  towns  on   the 

The  depth  of  the  water  in  the  Ohio  River,  [river,  in  building  their  homes,  erect  an  out 
at  Cincinnati,  is  thus  registered.  In  1858  the  'building,  detached  from  the  house,  in  which 
depth  was  measured  on  two  bars  near  Cincin-  are  conveniences  for  washing,  &c.  These 
nati — Four-mile  bar  above,  and  Rising  Sun  jwero  thrown  open  to  the  families  who  were 
bar  below  the  city.  Two  feet  was  then  found  flooded  out,  and  afforded  them  comfortable 
to  be  the  depth  of  water  on  these  bars;  and 'temporary  retreats  in  many  instances.  Of 
this  was  adopted  as  the  standard  low  water,  course  these  families  had  to  be  fed,  and  in 
and  a  gauge  was  then  fixed  at  the  water  works  many  cases  clothed,  calling  out  the  active 
and  all  subsequent  variations  have  been  noted  sympathetic  energies  of  their  more  favored 
from  it.  neighbors,   who  aided    by   contributions    re- 

About  twice  in  the  year  the  inhabitants  ceived  from  abroad  ministerod  to  their  more 
look  for  a  depth  of  water  opposite  the  city  of  pressing  needs.     Tbe  diversities  of  character 


about  45  feet,  that  is,  45  feet  above  the  top 
of  these  bars  ;  above  this  denotes  more  or 
less  disaster  to  the  river  front.  Last  year, 
the  river  rose  in  the  Second  month  to  CM  feet, 
21  feet  above  usual  high  water  ;  and  immense 
damage  and  much  suffering  ensued,  calling 
forth  the  sympathy  and  active  benevolence 
both  of  the  neighbors  of  the  sufferers  and  of 
willing  contributors  from  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  As  no  such  flood  had  visited 
them  since  1832,  the  opinion  prcvailod,  pretty 


ed  by  those  who  needed  help  was  an 
interesting  stud}-.  Many  took  willingly  of 
the  help  ottered,  as  a  matter  of  course;  others 
had  to  bo  sought  out,  shrinking  from  notice  ; 
others  even  wishing  to  refuse  help  as  placing 
them  in  the  position  of  paupers.  One  lad  re- 
fused becauso  the)'  never  were  used  to  it ;  and 
at  last,  admitting  the  family  were  without 
food,  went  oft'  with  tears  in  his  eyes  with  an 
armful  of  bread  for  them. 

We  were  at  a  town  a  few  miles  below  Cin- 


cinnati, and  when  the  water  covered  the  rail- 
roads, communication  was  cut  off,  except  by 
telegraph  or  telephone.  A  few  days,  only, 
served  to  prostrate  tbe  telegraph  poles,  soon 
followed  by  the  stoppage  of  telephone.  Our 
connection  with  the  city  was  then  by  steam- 
boats. In  the  flood  of  1883,  a  wharf-boat  was 
stranded  on  the  Kentucky  shore,  and  lay 
there  till  this  storm  floated  it,  when  some 
men  in  boats  observing  it,  drew  it  in  towards 
the  bank,  and  fastened  it  to  the  top  of  a  trea 
appearing  above  the  water.  Passing  steam-; 
boats  would  stop  there  and  exchange  passen- 
gers or  deliver  provisions.  Small  boats  would 
row  out  to  this  place,  and  so  communication^ 
was  kept  up.  The  passing  of  these  steam- 
boats always  attracted  attention.  Very  often 
they  were  supply  boats  on  their  errands  of 
mercy — calling  at  the  various  hamlets,  leav-- 
ing  supplies  of  food;  and,  later,  of  clothing. 
A  few  of  the  larger  boats  were  chartered  by 
the  railroad  companies  to  take  passengers  to 
accessible  parts  of  their  roads,  thus  to  keeja 
up  their  travelling  connections. 

The  subsiding  of  the  waters  left  a  sad  sight 
of  desolation.  All  the  low  lands  which  had) 
been  under  water  were  strewn  with  wrecH 
— small  outhouses,  frame  dwellings  seldom) 
standing,  but  occupying  ground  from  whichi 
they  would  have  to  be  removed,  and  the  re-* 
mains  of  buildings,  logs,  water-soaked  hay, 
&c,  and  everywhere  mud !  In  the  streets  08 
Cincinnati  we  saw  men  with  carts  shoveling, 
yellow  mud  into  them,  the  deposit  being  threes 
inches  thick.  Cannot  we  imagine  what  a 
condition  tbe  poor  inmates  of  the  flooded 
houses  found  them  when  they  attempted  to- 
reoccupy  them?  To  our  mind  this  dirt  was 
suggestive  of  illness  to  follow,  but  the  experi- 
ence of  last  year  does  not  seem  to  warrant 
such  fears.  W. 


Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Thomas  Kite, 

A  Minister  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Society  of  Friends.- 

(Concluded  from  page  252.) 

Thomas  Kite  to  Martha  Jefferis,  (a  sister- 
in-law  and  valued  Elder),  1st  mo.  29th,  1819: 

"  My  business  is  not  very  brisk,  yet  suttii 
ciently  so,  with  frugality,  for  a  decent  main4 
tenance.  I  am  content  with  my  situation, 
and  have  no  prospect  of  change,  and  I  believe' 
Edith  is  pretty  well  satisfied.  To  be  sure  hen 
cares  and  her  concerns  in  her  family  arc  some- 
times trying,  but  afford  her  a  noble  opportu- 
nity of  manifesting  forbearance,  patience,  and 
other  Christian  virtues,  in  the  peaceful  dailj'. 
exercise  of  which  I  hope  she  and  I  may  be1 
favored  to  increase.  My  business  is  not  soi 
pressing  but  I  find  time,  when  a  duty  in  tbe 
ease  is  apprehended,  to  attend  a  neighboring 
meeting,  and  at  times  favored  with  a  secret! 
hope  that  I  am  not  doing  my  own  will  therein, 
but  seeking  rather  to  serve  the  Holy  One  in! 
the  gospel  of  his  Son — an  awfully  important 
ottice  !  What  manner  of  persons  ought  such 
to  be  who  assume  it,  in  all  holy  conversation 

Thomas  Kite,  although  a  gifted  minister  of 
the  gospel,  and  possessed  of  an  unusual  amount 
of  literary  talent  and  acquirements,  was  also 
a  man  of  practical  business  views  and  habits. 
His  son,  T.  K.,  Jr.,  having  purchased  a  foun- 
dry and  machine  shop  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  his 
father  thus  wrote  to  him  on  the  occasion. 
Philadelphia,  12th  mo.,  1S41.  "I  have  no 
doubt  of  thy  industry,  frugality  and  attention 


THE    FRIEND. 


i:V.) 


o  business,  and  yet  a  few  hints  may  not  im- 
iroperly  be  offered  for  thy  consideration.  In 
arrying  on  the  important  business  tbou  hast 
fjndertaken,  keep  such  an  oversight  as  to  be 
cquainted  with  all  its  parts,  and  particularly 
nth  tho  account  books.  However  trust- 
worthy any  one  may  be  whom  thou  employs, 

personal  knowledge  appears  to  me  indis- 
iensable.  Keep  a  distinct  cash  book,  and  let 
t  be  balanced  at  least  twice  in  every  week  ; 
ly  practice  when  in  business  was  to  do  it 
aily.  Always  examine  whether  the  cash  on 
and  corresponds  with  the  balance.  Let  no 
iece  of  work  leave  the  premises  without  the 
equisite  entry  having  been  first  made.  A 
ersonal  inspection  will  detect  errors  in  quan- 
ty  and  price. 

Avoid  leaving  balances  due  and  uncollected ; 
ometimes  a  considerable  sum  is  absorbed  in 
his  way.  lly  master  was  accustomed  to  sa}- 
hat  more  money  was  lost  from  not  asking  for 
i,  when  it  might  be  had,  than  from  any  other 
ause.  Some  people  feel  a  delicacy  about  ask- 
og  for  money  due  them,  that  seems  rather 
ut  of  place.  It  ought  always  to  be  under- 
tood  that  men  are  at  liberty  to  claim  what 
hey  are  justly  entitled  to.  In  making  eol- 
ations be  sure  to  call  at  the  time  mentioned 
y  the  debtor.  A  bill  book  should  be  kept, 
nd  it  might  be  well  to  have  a  memorandum 
iook,  containing  for  daily  inspection  an  ae- 
ount  of  payments  to  be  made,  as  well  as  im- 
lortant  business  to  be  attended  to.  Make  it 
,  practice  to  be  punctual  in  thy  own  pay- 
uents;  or,  if  unforseen  contingencies  render 
t  impracticable,  pay  a  part  on  account,  and 
,sk  an  extension  on  the  balance. 

I  scarcely  need  express  my  confidence,  that 
vhatever  may  be  thy  press  of  business,  thou 
vi It  endeavor  so  to  arrange  it,  as  not  to  in- 
erfere  with  the  attendance  of  religious  meet- 
ngs  ;  but  I  would  just  hint,  that  on  these 
ccasions  thou  mayest  be  favored  to  leave  the 
forld  and  all  its  concerns  at  home,  and 
hrough  the  fresh  extendings  of  Divine  love 
nd  mercy,  be  made  a  living  worshipper." 

It  appears  from  the  diary  of  our  dear  friend, 
is  well  as  from  some  personal  recollection, 
hat  it  was  his  daily  concern  to  be  instant  in 
leason.  Although  sometimes  engaged  to 
fisit  more  distant  meetings  as  a  minister, 
Ivith  the  approbation  of  his  friends,  he  was 
[emarkable  for  his  faithfulness,  in  what 
night  appear  to  some,  to  be  small  matters, 
articularly  for  entering  into  and  manifest- 
ng  sympathy  with  the  bereaved  and  afflict- 
d  in  all  conditions  of  life,  frequently  step- 
iing  in,  perhaps,  at  an  unexpected  moment 
o  the  family,  and  if  way  opened  for  it,  ex 
iressing  his  feelings  of  tender  regard,  and 
lesire  for  their  support;  his  company  and 
ervices  at  such  times  being  consoling  and 
ncouraging. 

The  following  entry  manifests  his  care 
uch  cases,  and  is  but  one  of  many  somewhat 
imilar  ones. 

1813.  Eleventh  mo.  25th.  "This  day  I 
vas  remarkably  engaged  in  private  labor, 
laving  had  four  religious  opportunities,  two 
ivitb  individuals,  one  with  a  Friend  and  hit 
[Fife,  and  the  other  with  a  mother  and  hei 
laughter,  all  to  good  satisfaction,  being  en 
ibled  to  enter  into  sympathy,  with  deeply 
ried  minds,  and  strengthened  to  offer  them 
mcouragement,  as  well  as  to  extend  counse 
o  others." 


Sin  is  of  one  nature  all  the  world  over. 


Dorothea  Scott. 

(Continued  from  pige  25=.) 

A  more  full  insight  into  the  character  of 
Dorothea  Gotherson,and  view  of  her  spiritual 
experience,  may  be  obtained  from  passages  in 
her  tract  entitled  "To  all  that  are  uiiiegen- 
erated  a  call  to  repentance  from  dead  works 
to  newness  of  life,  by  turning  to  the  Light  in 
the  Conscience,  &c.  London,  1661,"  in  which 
she  says: — 

"  When  I  was  born,  I  was  as  all  are,  an  heir 
of  heaven  ;  but  my  parents,  who  were  of  the 
Protestant  church,  so-called,  would  have  me 
brought  up  within  that  pale  or  compass;  not 
thinking  me  a  sufficient  Christian  as  I  was 
created  in  the  image  of  God.  *  *  Then  a 
minister  of  that  church  did  say  he  did  baptize 
me  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  Sjdii  and  Holy 
Ghost;  but  if  he  had  known  the  name  of  the 
Father,  and  baptized  me  into  his  Spirit,  he 
would  not  then  have  said  I  was  regenerated 
and  born  again  by  his  throwing  water  upon 
my  face.  *  *  *  Let  none  think  that  they 
are  regenerated  and  born  again  by  others' 
vain  babbling,  for  they  cannot  do  as  they 
promise,  *  *  for  it  is  the  Lord  only  can 
change  the  heart,  after  it  is  full}-  bent  to  do 
wickedly  ;  but  they  neither  do  it,  nor  believe 
it.  *  *  If  I  should  ask  any  of  the  Right 
Reverend  Fathers  in  God  (as  they  are  called  ) : 
Do  you  believe  that  this  child  can  forsake  the 
devil  and  all  his  works  ?  I  know  they  cannot 
say  '  we  do  believe,'  because  they  are  sold 
under  sin  for  term  of  life,  being  in  the  cove- 
nant of  Satan,  pleading  for  him  and  his  king- 
dom, whose  dead  faith  gives  them  to  believe 
the  power  of  Satan  greater  than  the  power  of 
God,  and  according  to  their  faith  the  Scrip- 
ture is  fulfilled  to  their  condemnation.  *  * 
It  is  not  the  outward  washing  will  avail,  *  * 
this  I  know  of  a  truth,  *  *  [for]  notwith- 
standing they  said  I  was  regenerated,  I  was 
not  in  twenty-eight  years  after,  in  which  space 
death  passed  on  me;  and  in  my  childhood  I 
eat  of  the  forbidden  fruit,  and  by  it  trans- 
gressed God's  law,  and  would  none  of  bis 
counsel,  because  I  did  not  know  Him;  but  a 
desire  I  had  to  find  Him  out  among  professors 
of  religion  in  my  childhood  ;  I  sought  Him  but 
could  not  find  Him  amonirst  them,  neither 
had  I  any  food  for  my  soul  whilst  I  was  in 
their  way,  *  *  *  and  would  say  after  I 
had  my  religion  to  choose,  and  until  I  could 
find  a  better  than  3-et  I  had  found,  I  would 
be  of  none.  So  in  this  miserable  state  I  lived 
some  years,  being  afraid  of  I  knew  not  what, 
continually,  but  more  especially  of  death  than 
of  any  other  thing;  yet  the  Lord  did  all  my 
lifetime  afflict  me,  and  many  great  trials  and 
crosses  I  had  in  the  world,  which  since  I  have 
seen  plainly  was  to  draw  me  nearer  to  h 
self,  and  to  make  me  know  myself,  that  so  I 
might  deny  n^'self,  and  exalt  Him  alone.  * 
*  *  Though  I  was  all  my  life  in  great  mea 
sure  kept  from  acting  what  I  knew  to  be  sin 
neither  did  I  know  what  I  had  omitted  ;  so 
in  this  blind  state  I  durst  not  die.  Then 
being  *  *  miserable  and  poor  and  blind 
and  naked,  and  having  no  helper  in  the  earth, 
the  Lord's  time  was  then  to  direct  me  by  the 
mouth  of  bis  prophets,  to  a  light  which  was 
placed  in  darkness,  but  darkness  could  not 
comprehend  it ;  but  before  I  ever  had  heard 
of  any  of  them,  or  seen  any  of  them.  I  heard 
they  were  a  people  who  could  lay  down  the' 
lives  one  for  another,  that  they  were  of  one 
I  heart  and  one  mind;   which  bearing  raised 


such  a  power  in  me  which  wrought  by  love, 
that  I  quicklj-  found  the  report  to  be  true; 
and  then  I  was  unsatisfied  continually  till  I 
had  heard  some  of  them  ;  and  after  I  had 
heard,  I  never  had  one  word  to  speak,  or 
durst  think  one  thoughtof  evil  of  any  of  them; 
for  the}-  had  directed  me  to  that  in  my  own 
particular,  which  did  show  me  all  that  ever  I 
had  done.  Then  began  I  to  be  led  by  the 
Spirit  of  God  out  of  darkness  into  his  marvel- 

;  light;  but  whither  his  hand  hath  led  me 
since,  and  where  I  have  known  Him  most, 
is  too  hard  to  be  uttered,  or  by  you  to  be 
borne." 

Daniel  Gotherson's  book  appears  to  have 
been  published  in  1660,  the  year  of  the  resto- 
ration of  Charles  the  2nd  to  his  kingdom. 
Daniel  seems  to  have  become  a  royalist,  and 
by  1663  had  parted,  judging  from  the  style 
of  his  letters,  with  some  of  his  Quakerism,  for 
we  find  him  secretly  supplying  the  Govern- 
ment with  information  of  the  movements  of 
t  he  Presbj'terians,  giving  a  long  list  of  names  of 
officers  in  Kent  who  were  inimical  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  promising  to  impart  discoveries 
if  he  should  find  anything  material.  How 
his  conscience  could  permit  him  to  associate 
with  and  to  aid  the  cause  of  those  whom  in 
his  printed  epistle  he  had  so  recently  ad- 
dressed as  "Drunkards,  swearers,  usurers, 
extortioners,  adulterers  and  unclean  persons, 
showing  the  heavy  wrath  of  the  living  God 
burnetii  like  fire  against  such  evil  persons, 
and  the  terrible  day  of  vengeance  is  at  hand," 
&e.,  we  may  not  readily  comprehend,  since  at 
the  return  of  Charles,  "Godliness  became  a 
bye-word  of  scorn,  and  sobriety  in  dress,  in 
speech,  in  manners,  was  flouted  as  a  mark  of 
the  detested  puritanism,"  "while  the  love  of 
what  was  vile  in  contempt  of  virtue,  and  dis- 
belief in  purity  and  honesty  marked  the  age, 
and  the  king  himself  stood  ahead  of  any  of 
his  subjects." 

Whiie  Charles  was  playing  the  game  which 
degraded  England,  it  was  done  "with  such 
consummate  skill  and  secrecy  that  he  notonly 
deceived  the  closest  observer  of  his  own  day, 
but  still  misleads  the  historians  of  ours." 
Gotherson,  like  thousands  of  Charles'  subjects, 
was  deceived  by  his  listless  dawdling,  and  be- 
lieved that  an  easy  government  would  be 
more  favorable  to  freedom  of  conscience  than 
the  government  of  the  Protector  had  proved 
itself  to  be.  But  the  revolution  of  opinion 
was  very  general,  a  reaction  caused  by  at- 
tempts to  secure  spiritual  results  by  material 
force, — attempts  which  always  fail. 

Dorothea's  "Call  to  Repentance"  was  pub- 
lished in  1661,  and  has  been  re-printed  in  the 
volume  we  have  under  consideration.  One 
copy  is  known  to  be  in  existence  in  the  Li- 
brary of  Friends  at  Devonshire  House,  Lon- 
don. It  was  printed  in  small  12mo.,  and  oc- 
cupied 6V  sheets.  A  portion  is  in  verse,  in 
which  Dorothea  expresses  herself  with  readi- 
ness, if  not  with  the  fulness  of  poetic  grace. 

The  writer  herself  has  mentioned  that  she 
went  to  court  with  many  other  royalists,  to 
congratulate  Charles  II.  on  his  restoration. 
For  this  act  we  must  excuse  her,  since  the 
sentiment  of  loyalty  to  royalty  is  strong  even 
at  this  day  in  the  English  heart,  however  un- 
worthy the  object ;  a  sentiment  with  which  an 
American,  himself  a  sovereign,  cannot  have 
full  S3'mpathy.  There  she  probably  presented 
the  king  with  a  copy  of  her  little  volume,  hop- 
ing that,  as  it  was  addressed  to  him,  its  perusal 
might  bear  some  fruit.     Quito  diverse  from 


2G0 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  sycophantic  addresses  Charles  heard  from 
his  fawning  courtiers  was  Dorothea's  address, 
in  which  she  bade  him  take  heed  "to  the 
faithful  witness  of  the  living  God,"  "as  to  a 
ligbt  shining  in  a  dark  place;"  and  in  her 
verses  bids — 
"  Seek  Him  where  He  is  lo  be  found,  and  call  on  Him 

whilst  near, 
In  heart  that  is  upright  and  sound,  for  none  other 

will  He  hear." 

"Therefore,  O  Charles,  be  thou  a  king, 
That  to  God's  name  may  honour  bring; 
Bring  all  thy  deeds  unio  the  light, 
Thy  words  and  thoughts  try  in  his  sight, 
That  neither  thought  or  word  or  deed, 
May  from  darkness  ever  proceed." 
This  visit  to  Whitehall  was,  however,  pro- 
ductive of  far  more  of  trouble  for  the  Gotber- 
sons,  than  of  spiritual   benefit  to  Charles,  for 
there  they  made  the  acquaintance  of  a  certain 
John  Scott,  who  claimed  connexion  with  the 
family  of  Scot's  Hall,  and   bearing  some   re- 
semblance  to   her  ancestor's  pictures,  ingra- 
tiated   himself  into  the  confidence  of  Daniel 
Gotherson  and    Dorothea,  and    led    them   to 
financial  ruin.     This  John  Scott,  in  16G2  and 
1663,   sold   Daniel    Gotherson    several    large 
tracts  of  land  on  Longlsland  for  £^000,  which 
land  he  said   he   had    bought  of  the  Indian 
chiefs   there,    but  which    it    was   eventually 
shown  he  had  never  acquired.     He  also  ren- 
dered the   Gothersons  responsible  for  other 
purchases  he  bad  made  on  his  own  account. 

Daniel  Gotherson  died  in  London  a  few 
days  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  great  fire, 
in  innocent  belief  that  he  was  owner  of  large 
estates  in  Long  Island,  of  which  be  made  a 
regular  division  in  his  nuncupative  will,  about 
ten  da}-s  before  his  death. 

Not  long  after  her  husband's  death,  the 
widow  took  steps  in  1667,  to  ascertain  the 
exact  state  of  her  affairs,  which  resulted  in 
learning  that  Scott  had  fled  the  country,  and 
that  "Gotherson  and  his  family  bad  neither 
lands  for  his  money,  nor  ye  houses  that  were 
built  upon  his  lands  with  his  money." 

Dorothea  wrote  a  petition  to  the  king  crav- 
ing a  royal  letter  of  order  to  the  Governor  of 
New  York  to  examino  her  pretensions  and 
do  justly,  &c,  a  copy  of  which  has  been  pre- 
served, and  is  reproduced  in  fac  simile,  in  the 
volume  from  which  we  are  gleaning  the  de- 
tails of  her  sad  but  interesting  story.  She 
wrote  a  clear,  plain,  round  hand,  indicative  of 
strength  of  resolution  and  confidence  in  the 
justness  of  her  cause.  Upon  the  wide  margin 
on  one  side  of  the  sheet  on  which  her  copy  of 
this  petition  was  written,  she  made  the  follow- 
ing note: — 

"  Ye  king  read  it  all  in  my  hearing,  and 
after  a  quarter  of  an  hour's  discourse  about 
it,  he  said  he  would  write  to  Coll.  Lovelasse, 
and  I  might  be  assured  what  he  could  give 
me  there  be  would,  and  he  seamed,  and  I  am 
sure  did  pittie  ray  case  very  much." 

The  unprincipled  Scott  had  involved  Daniel 
Gotherson  in  debt  to  the  amount  of  £6000, 
and  as  the  estate  in  England  had  not  been 
sold  and  his  affairs  settled  up,  Dorothea  was 
put  to  great  straits,  having,  as  she  says,  re- 
ceived no  rent  since  the  death  of  her  husband, 
nearly  threo  years  before. 

(To  be  concluded.) 

"The  children  of  Israel  had  light  within 
their  dwellings,  and  they  were  little  sensible 
of  the  plagues  that  raged  without.  When  God 
does  not  speak  peace,  what  can  give  it?  when 
Ho  docs,  who  can  let  it?" 


Selected. 

A  CHRISTIAN   MARTYR   BORNE   FROM  THE 
AMPHITHEATRE. 

BY   MARGARET   E.   SANOSTER. 
"  The  noble  army  of  martyrs  praise  Thee." 
Do  we  love  Christ,  ruy  brothers— 

The  crowned,  the  crucified — 
Who  wear  his  name  in  purple  ease, 

With  not  a  wish  denied? 
Hear  friends,  do  we  love  Jesus, 

Whose  conquering  sign  we  bear 
So  lightly  and  faint-heartedly 

Amid  a  world's  despair! 

True  servants  of  true  Master, 

Whose  will  is  our  delight, 
Are  we  successors,  lirave  and  proved, 

Of  those  who  walk  in  white, 
Who  drained  the  cup  of  anguish 

Ere  yet  they  won  the  palm? 
An  army  vast  before  the  throne 

They  chant  the  martyrs'  psalm. 

Well  may  we  ask  the  question 

In  penitence  and  fear, 
Well  may  we  drop  for  cowardice, 

Or  little  faith,  a  tear. 
How  loyally  they  followed 

Who  followed  to  the  death, 
With  Jesus,  Saviour,  Son  of  God, 

On  every  failing  breath. 

Turn  back  the  ghostly  finger 

That  marks  the  clock  of  Time; 
To  misty  heights  of  ages  past 

In  reverent  silence  climb. 
Behold,  the  Roman  rabble! 

Attend,  the  scornful  shout ! 
When,  lily-pale  and  seraph-calm, 

They  bring  the  victim  out. 

"The  Christians  to  the  lions!" 

Ah  !  furious  beasts  were  mild 
Compared  to  men  whose  hellish  hate 

Spared  neither  maid  nor  child  ! 
There  in  the  dread  arena 

With  mocking  faces  hemmed, 
What  tide  of  demon's  wickedness 

Christ's  witness-bearers  stemmed. 

Close  ringed  with  jeering  faces, 

The  lowly  and  the  high 
Are  clustered  there,  in  cruel  hope 

To  see  the  Christian  die. 
The  mortal  strife  is  ended, 

The  body  lies  forlorn, 
But  through  the  gleaming  gates  of  heaven 

Another  saint  is  borne. 

O  friends,  do  we  love  deeply, 

Love  loyally  and  well, 
Who  walk  in  quietness  to-day, 

In  dreamful  ease  who  dwell  ? 
Arise!  arise,  my  brothers, 

And  arm  ye  for  the  fight  1 
And  move  across  the  darkened  world, 

The  Lord's  vanguard  of  light. 

Though  never  crimson  chalice 

Our  blanching  lips  may  stain, 
Still  needs  our  God  his  witnesses 

Until  He  come  to  reign. 
And  still  through  wrong  and  evil, 

Through  unbelief  and  pride, 
We  bear  aloft  the  red-cross  Hag, 

And  strong  in  Christ  abide. 


The  Contented  Herd  Boy. — In  a  flowery  dell 
a  herd  boy  kept  his  sheep;  and  because  his 
heart  was  joyous  he  sang  so  loudly  that  the 
surrounding  hills  echoed  back  his  song.  One 
morning  the  king,  who  was  out  on  a  hunting 
expedition,  spoke  to  him  and  said  :  "  Why  are 
you  so  happy,  dear  little  one?" 

"  Why  shall  I  not  be?"  he  answered;  "our 
king  is  no  richer  than  I." 

"Indeed"!"  said  the  king,  "tell  mo  your 
great,  possessions." 

The  lad  answered  :  "  The  sun  in  the  bright 
blue  sky  shines  as  brightly  upon  me  as  on  the 
king.     The  flowers  on  the  mountain  and  the 


grass  in  the  valley  grow  and  bloom  to  gladderi 
my  sight  as  well  as  bis.  I  would  not  take  ai 
hundred  thousand  thalers  for  my  hands;  myj 
eyes  are  of  more  value  than  all  the  precious 
stones  in  the  world  ;  I  have  food  and  clothing 
too.  Am  I  not,  therefore,  as  rich  as  the  king?" 
"  You  are  right,"  said  the  king,  with  a 
laugh,  "but  your  greatest  treasure  is  a  con- 
tented heart;  keep  it  so  and  you  will  always 
be  happy." — From  the  German. 

For  "  The  Friend."   ] 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

BEING    A    VOICE    FROM    OLD    AGE. 

"The  days  of  our  years  are  three  score* 
years  and  ten;  and  if  by  reason  of  strength 
they  be  four  score  j'ears,  yet  is  their  strength* 
labor  and  sorrow  ;  for  it  is  soon  cut  off,  ands 
we  fly  away." 

By  reason  of  strength  beyond  what  is  com-! 
mon  to  man,  the  days  of  my  years  have  no* 
reached  to  over  four  score  and  two ;  and  yet 
I  find  they  are  attended  with  labor  and  sor-i 
row.  But  my  labor  now  is  not  so  much  "  fori 
that  meat  which  perisheth,  as  for  that  which! 
endureth  unto  everlasting  life."  And  though' 
I  have  in  adorable  mercy,  received  at  times  ri 
limited  supply  of  that  for  myself,  yet  while 
so  many  around  me  are  hungering  and  thirst-i 
ing  for  heavenly  food,  I  find  that  the  great 
Husbandman  still  calls  for  a  little  more  labor 
from  me,  that  I  may,  through  his  assisting 
grace,  be  instrumental  in  furnishing,  at  least 
a  little  to  the  feeble  ones,  tbat  they  might 
grow  more  strong  in  the  Lord,  and  be  better 
able  to  stand  against  the  wiles  of  the  evil  one, 
and  finally  to  overcome  bim  in  all  his  alluring 
snares;  for  it  does  seem  to  me  be  is  now  in 
n  especial  manner  coming  in  like  a  flood 
amongst  us  as  a  people,  under  the  deceitful; 
guise  of  a  "revival"  in  religion.  But  I  have^ 
thought  it  was  wisely  permitted,  that  every* 
one's  works  might  be  tried,  so  tbat  nothing; 
should  remain,  only  that  which  cannot  btf 
shaken.  But  I  earnestly  crave  that  my  re- 
maining labor  may  be  under  the  leadership 
of  the  captain  of  my  salvation,  and  that  the 
little  strength  tbat  I  may  have  granted  me, 
now  in  the  feebleness  of  old  age,  may  be  used 
in  the  ability  that  God  givcth,  and  that  it 
may  be  as  free  as  possible  from  that  denomi- 
national strife  which  now  so  sorrowfully  agi- 
tates the  religious  world.     But  I  expect  while< 

rengtb  remains,  that  my  cup  will  be  still 

ingled  with  sorrow.  And  why  not,  while; 
so  much  sin,  which  is  the  cause  of  sorrow,  re-i 
mains  in  the  world?  Our  Holy  Eedeemer, 
who  came  among  men  without  sin,  and  to 
save  us  from  sin,  was  said  to  be  a  man  of  sor- 
row and  acquainted  with  grief.  Ho  wept 
over  the  grave  of  Lazarus.  And  why  should 
we  not  weep  over  the  spiritual  death  of 
brethren?  But  his  brethren  did  not  believe 
on  Him,  and  He  could  not  do  many  wotnk 
ful  works  among  them,  because  of  unbelief 
He  came  in  bis  Father's  name,  and  they  re- 
reived  Him  not.  But  lie  said:  if  anotbc 
shall  come  in  his  own  name,  him  ye  will  re- 
ceive. A  sorrowful  condition,  when  one  comes 
amongst  us  in  the  name  or  power  of  the  living 
(iod,  with  a  message  from  Him  for  our  salva- 
tion, and  we  receive  Him  not;  while  another. 
that  comes  in  bis  own  name,  and  in  the  en- 
ticing words  of  man's  wisdom,  is  received 
and  set.  as  it  were,  on  tin'  throne  of  God 
Surely  we  have  much  cause  of  sorrow.  And 
it  was  with  Christ,  even  so  is  it  with  bis 
servants,  for  "the  disciple  is  not  above  bis 


THE    FRIEND. 


261 


laster,  nor  the  servant  above  his  lord." 
Jhrist  wept  over  Jerusalem,  because  they 
?ould  not  be  gathered  by  bis  gathering 
ower  and  love,  saying  to  them,  "Behold, 
our  bouse  is  left  unto  }Tou  desolate ;"  not 
esolate  as  to  the  people,  but  the  glory  of  the 
iord  bad  departed  from  it.  And  now  the 
rue  Israel  of  God  is  often  made  to  weep  over 
he  desolations  of  our  Zion,  and  to  mourn  that 
one  now  in  places  come  to  her  solemn  feasts  ; 
hey  have  ceased  to  find  it  a  place  of  the  saints' 
olemnities,  "a  quiet  habitation."  So  they 
?eep  when  they  remember  Zion  ;  though  they 
"  at  have  thus  carried  us  away  captive,  still 
equire  of  us  mirth,  or  that  we  should  join 
pith  them  in  rejoicing.  But  the  harps  are 
iung  as  upon  the  willows  in  the  midst  of  the 
itreams  of  confusion.  For  how  shall  the}' 
ing  the  Lord's  song  in  a  strange  land?  But 
srael  did  not  remain  in  captivity.  The  time 
t-as  foretold  when  they  should  return,  "they 
ind  the  children  of  Judah  together.  They 
hall  go  and  seek  the  Lord  their  God;  they 
hall  ask  the  way  to  Zion,  with  their  faces 
hitherward,  saj-ing,  Come  and  let  us  join 
mrselves  unto  the  Lord  in  a  perpetual  eove- 
lant  that  shall  not  be  forgotten,  (Jer.  1.  4. 
n.  But  their  return  was  in  humility — going 
,nd  weeping.  And  now,  if  the  Lord,  in 
nerey  on  the  remnant,  shall  bring  again  the 
japtivity  of  his  people,  it  will  be  onl}-  through 
leep  humility,  and  after  every  high  thing  that 
ixalts  itself  above  the  true  knowledge  of  God, 
s  brought  down. 

But  the  greatest  cause  now  of  my  labor  and 
orrow,  is  on  account  of  the  sad  departures  of 
o  many  amongst  us  from  our  primitive  faith 
!nd  practice.  It  appears  that  there  is  a  spirit 
,t  work  that  is  not  going  to  rest  satisfied  un- 
il  all  that  once  distinguished  us  from  the 
vorld  and  from  the  formal  religious  professors 
.round  us  is  taken  out  of  the  way.  So  that 
ve  may  again  have  easy  access  into  the  figu- 
ative  and  ceremonial  rites  which  our  fore- 
athers  were  called  out  of.  But  why  repine? 
.  know  that  God  is  able  to  raise  up,  even  of 
hose  who  appear  as  hard  as  the  stones  around 
is,  children  unto  Abraham.  I  know,  too,  that 
nany  are  the  afflictions  of  the  righteous,  but 
he  Lord  delivereth  them  out  of  them  all.  So, 
f  we  are  on  the  side  of  the  righteous,  we  have 
lothingto  fear;  but  we  may  have  something 
o  do :  first  to  labor  for  ourselves,  and  then 
or  our  fellow  mortals.  So  labor  is  our  por- 
ion  while  here  below,  both  in  j'outh  and  in 
>ld  age ;  both  before  conversion  and  after. 
[n  the  first  place,  we  must,  by  the  assisting 
p-ace  of  God,  work  out  our  own  salvation 
vith  reverential  fear;  and  then,  in  the  ability 
vhich  God  giveth,  we  should,  under  the 
)romptings  of  his  spirit,  be  willing  to  assist 
>ur  fellow-travellers  on  towards  a  better  in- 
leritance  in  the  world  to  come.  But  I  have 
bund  it  verified  in  my  long  experience  through 
,his  probationary  world,  that  it  "is  through 
nucb  tribulation  we  enter  the  kingdom  of 
jod."  But  far  be  it  from  me  to  complain  ; 
"or  I  do  believe  that  my  trials,  though  they 
jave  at  times  seemed  severe,  yet  in  mercy 
,hey  have  been  permitted  to  come  upon  me, 
ind  that  an  unseen  band  has  secretly  kept 
lie  from  utterly  falling.  So  I  can  say  with 
Paul,  "  It  is  by  the  grace  of  God  that  I  am 
what  I  am."  And  though  I  feel  at  times,  as 
ie  expresses  it,  "  less  than  the  least  of  all 
saints,"  j*et,  at  other  times,  I  have  had  a  com- 
forting hope  that  his  grace  has  not  been  be- 
stowed upon  me  altogether  in  vain.     So  let 


me  say  to  the  weary  Christian  traveller,  who 
like  myself,  may  be  near  the  end  of  his  race, 
let  us  bold  fast  our  confidence,  which  has  great 
recompense  of  reward  ;  for  faithful  is  He  that 
has  promised.  And  He  says,  "  Fear  thou  not, 
for  I  am  with  thee;  be  not  dismayed,  for  I 
am  thy  God,  I  will  strengthen  thee;  yea,  I 
will  help  thee;  yea,  I  will  uphold  thee  with 
the  right  hand  of  my  righteousness."  And  if 
we  should  at  times  feel  as  the  poet  expresses 
it,  as  if  we  are  "left  alone,"  forsaken  of  God, 
and  rejected  by  men,  let  us  remember, 
"That  matchless  mercy  hitherto, 

Has  interposed  and  brought  lis  through. 

In  patience,  then,  possess  thy  soul ; 

Stand  still,  for  while  the  billows  roll, 

Thy  Saviour  sees  thee  through  the  gloom, 

And  will  to  thy  assistance  come. 

His  love  and  mercy  will  be  shown 

To  tho^e  who  trust" in  Him  alone. 

Trust,  humbly  trust  in  his  defence, 

Preserve  thy  soul  in  confidence. 

To  Him  apply  in  fervent  prayer; 

On  Him  alone  cast  all  thy  care. 

Then  will  the  durkness  flee  away — 

Then  will  the  night  give  place  to  day  ; 

And  thou  rejoicingly  wilt  find, 

Those  trials  wisely  were  designed, 

To  sul  ject  every  wish  of  thine 

Completely  to  the  will  divine; 

To  fix  thy  heart  on  things  above — 

To  fill  thy  soul  with  heavenly  love; 

And  through  the  power  of  mighty  grace, 

To  fit  thee  for  that  glorious  place, 

Where  saints  and  angels  round  the  throne, 

Forever  sing,  'Thy  will  be  done  !'  " 
And  if  we  submit  our  wills  to  the  will  of 
God,  He  will  guide  us  b\-  his  counsel,  and  af- 
terward receive  us  into  glory.  The  time  may 
be  near  at  hand  when  the  remaining  strength 
that  has  hitherto  actuated  my  mortal  frame 
will  be  "cutoff,"  and  the  ransomed  soul  -will 
fly  away"  to  God  that  gave  it;  and,  accor- 
ding to  bis  good  pleasure,  join  the  general 
assembly  and  church  of  ibe  first-born  in 
heaven,  where  the  sorrows  and  labors  of  this 
lower  world  will  be  over,  and  where  the 
wicked  will  cease  from  troubling,  and  the 
weary  soul  will  forever  rest  with  the  ransom- 
ed of  all  generations.  So  let  us  gird  up  the 
loins  of  our  minds,  and  faint  not.  And  though 
tbe  remainder  of  our  race  may  be  with  totter- 
ing steps,  and  slow,  let  us  remember  tbe  lan- 
guage of  our  holy  Redeemer,  "In  the  world 
ye  shall  have  tribulation  ;  but  be  of  good  cheer. 
1  have  overcome  the  world."  D.  II. 

Dublin,  Ind.,  2d  mo.  14th,  1884. 

The  Peabody  Dwelling  Fund. — In  tbe  year 
1862  George  Peabody,  an  American  merchant, 
settled  in  London  as  a  banker,  made  a  gift  of 
8750,000  in  trust  for  the  erection  of  a  superior 
class  of  small  dwellings  for  the  use  of  working- 
people,  to  be  rented  to  tbem  at  prices  that 
would  pay  a  small  rate  of  interest  on  the 
capital  invested  and  keep  tbe  dwellings  in 
good  order.  The  execution  of  the  project 
promised  so  well  that  he  gave  8500,000  more 
for  the  same  purpose  in  1866,  8500.000  more 
in  1868  and  §750,000  additional  in  1S73— 
making  a  total  of  $2,500,000.  Accumulations 
to  tbe  Fund  from  rents  and  interest  have  in 
tbe  course  of  years  added  81,649,315,  swelling 
the  capital  to  84,149,315.  In  the  meantime 
and  to  tbe  close  of  last  year  the  Trustees  have 
constructed,  in  quarters  of  London  accessible 
to  large  numbers  of  working  people,  4359 
dwellings,  which  are  rented  out  upon  easy 
terms.  The  number  of  persons  thus  accom- 
modated with  good,  neat,  wholesome  and  in 
all  ways  inviting  and  desirable  dwellings  and 
living  rooms — is  eighteen  thousand  and  nine! 


Tbe  work  of  building  tbe  dwellings  still 
continues.  Eleven  more  blocks  are  now  in 
course  of  construction,  and  arrangements  for 
fifteen  additional  are  about  completed,  to  be 
ready  for  occupation  this  year. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Cataclysm  of  Java. 

The  Java  eruption,  the  effects  of  which, 
according  to  tbe  prevailing  theory,  we  have 
seen  in  our  brilliant  sunsets,  appears  to  have 
been  almost,  if  not  quite,  tbe  most  formidable 
affair  of  its  kind  in  historic  times.  Two  French 
writers,  who  witnessed  the  eruption  and  its 
effects,  give  the  following  accounts,  which  are 
translated  from  L'Astronomie.  After  reading 
them  it  is  not  so  difficult  to  believe  that  even 
the  upper  regions  of  the  air  were  filled  with 
vapor  and  solid  matter,  which  has  since  been 
scattered  all  over  tbe  globe,  by  the  winds. 

"  The  eruption  of  the  volcano  on  the  Isle  of 
Krakatoa  began  on  August  11th,  but  it  re- 
mained relatively  calm  till  tbe  25th,  a  day  on 
which  it  took  terrible  proportions,  culminat- 
ing on  the  26th  in  the  most  violent  parox- 
ysms. A  heavy  column  of  steam  escaped 
from  the  crater,  extending  to  a  great  height 
as  an  immense  corona;  cinders  fell  from  the 
sky.  and  following  the  cinders,  pumice  stone, 
mixed  with  mud.  Then  followed  the  night, 
a  night  of  blackness,  twelve  hours  long,  dur- 
ing which  all  tbe  dark  forces  of  nature  united 
in  their  efforts  to  renew  chaos.  The  sea, 
furious,  howling,  was  uplifted.  An  immense 
wave  engulfed  the  Straits  of  Sunda,  running 
with  great  velocity,  and  throwing  itself  furi- 
ously against  tbe  land.  Other  waves  followed 
this,  not  less  gigantic  or  destructive,  continu- 
ing their  work  in  tbe  midst  of  tbe  darkness. 
When  day  finally  reappeared,  pale  and  Bickly, 
it  brought  to  light  a  frightful  spectacle.  Cities 
and  all  animate  beings  had  disappeared  ;  all 
the  villages  of  tbe  coasts  of  Sumatra  and  Java, 
and  the  coasts  themselves,  were  gone.  The 
waters  had  submerged  the  summits  of  high 
mountains,  and  covered  many  islands.  And 
such  was  the  force  of  tbe  waves  that  they  had 
projected  on  top  of  the  mountains,  two  miles 
into  the  interior,  ships  with  their  boilers  and 
engines.  Where  tbe  water  stopped,  the  cin- 
ders commenced.  Tbe  whole  island  was  cov- 
ered, the  vegetation  destroyed,  the  fountains 
dried  up,  the  water  courses  filled,  and  the 
unfortunate  inhabitants  in  the  midst  of  an 
inexorable  desert,  were  dying  of  hunger  and 
thirst  by  the  thousands. 

During  this  time,  transformations  no  less 
terrible,  were  going  on  in  the  Straits  of  Sunda. 
Tbe  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Lampong  was 
rendered  impracticable  by  tbe  accumulation 
of  pumice  stone  thrown  from  the  volcano. 
All  the  isles  of  the  straits,  more  or  less,  cruelly 
suffered.  Some  were  sunk  under  the  sea.  A 
large  part  of  the  island  of  Krakatoa  is  now 
covered  with  a  thousand  feet  of  water.  There 
remains  only  the  mountain. 

A  frightful  number  of  people  were  killed  by 
this  catastrophe.  At  the  time  of  writing,  the 
whole  extent  of  the  disaster  cannot  be  stated. 
Perhaps  it  is  the  greatest  of  historic  times. 
The  swallowing  up  of  the  ancient  villages  of 
Herculaneum  and  Pompeii  appears  of  secon- 
dary importance." 

Another  account  tells  that  a  vessel  was 
caught  in  the  Straits  of  Sunda  in  tbe  middle  of 
this  long,  dark  night.  "Tbe  rain  of  cinders 
changed  into  a  rain  of  thick  mud,  which  cov- 
ered the  ship  to  a  depth  of  a  foot.     This  fetid 


26-J 


THE    FRIEND. 


mud  covered  everything  on  board  ;  eyes,  cars, 
nose,  were  stopped  up,  so  that  respiration  was 
almost  impossible.  Pieces  of  pumice  stone 
fell  frequently.  The  atmosphere  was  strongly 
impregnated  with  sulphurous  acid.  The  pas- 
sengers felt  a  violent  buzzing  at  the  ear, 
and  were  almost  suffocated  and  oppressed  in 
the  breast.  A  strange,  stupefying  somnolence 
contributed  to  render  the  sensation  more  hor- 
rible. At  the  same  time  the  compass  showed 
great  deviations  ;  nevertheless,  the  barometer 
remained  high,  the  pressure  normal. 

Then  there  came  great  earthquakes,  which 
threw  the.  ship  first  on  one  side,  then  on  the 
other.  During  this  time  the  lightning  flashed. 
Seven  times  the  fire  came  down  the  mast,  fol- 
lowing the  conductor,  into  the  sea.  Daring 
the  time  of  the  light,  we  could  see  on  the 
hands  and  faces,  on  the  ropes  and  the  deck,  a 
grey  tint  of  cinders,  looking  like  mud, 

Rarely  was  morning  welcomed  more  gladly 
than  that  of  April  28th.  The  rain  of  pumice 
stone  continued,  but  with  the  light  the  vessel 
prepared  to  leave  the  gulf.  The  coast  of  Su- 
matra was  a  mournful  sight.  All  the  trees 
had  fallen,  either  by  the  weight  of  the  mud 
or  the  terrible  rush  of  the  sea.  Along  the 
coast  the  waves  are  covered  with  pumice 
stone,  and  the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Lam- 
pong  is  shut  up  by  the  isles  which  have  been 
raised  three  yards  above  water. 

The  coasts  of  Java,  as  those  of  Sumatra,  are 
entirely  destroyed.  Everything  is  of  a  grey 
and  sombre  color.  The  villages  and  the  trees 
have  disappeared.  Not  even  the  ruins  re- 
main. A  wave  of  a  hundred  feet  engulfed  the 
people,  their  houses  and  plantations.  The  sea 
has  passed  over  it,  and  all  is  arid. 

The  region  of  destruction  has  its  centre  at 
Krakatoa  and  through  a  radius  of  fifty  miles. 
The  number  of  people  who  have  perished  ex- 
ceeds 40,000,  manjr  of  whose  bodies  remain 
without  burial;  but  most  were  carried  into 
the  sea.  Vessels  in  the  straits  the  next  day 
were  impeded  by  them  floating  on  the  water. 
Large  numbers  were  washed  to  distant  shores 
and  cast  up."  I.  S. 


these  deserts  without  his  cruse  of  water,  and 
it  is  very  common  to  place  one  at  the  "bol- 
ster," so  that  the  owner  can  reach  it  during 
the  night.—  W.  M.  Thomson. 


The  Spear  Stuck  in  the  Ground  at  Saul's 
Bolster. — At  all  the  encampments  which  we 
passed  that  day,  among  the  Arabs  east  of 
Lake  Tiberias,  the  sheikh's  tent  was  distin- 
guished from  the  rest  by  a  tall  spear  stuck 
upright  in  the  ground  in  front  of  it  ;  and  it  is 
the  custom,  when  a  party  is  out  on  an  excur- 
sion, for  robbery  or  for  war,  that,  when  they 
halt  to  rest,  the  spot  where  the  sheikh  reclines 
or  sleeps  is  thus  designated.  So  Saul,  when 
his  life  was  spared  by  David,  "lay  sleeping, 
and  his  spear  stuck  in  the  ground  at  his 
bolster;  but  Abner  and  the  people  lay  round 
about  him."  The  whole  of  that  scene  is  emi- 
nently Oriental,  and  perfectly  natural,  even 
to  the  deep  sleep  into  which  all  had  fallen,  so 
that  David  and  Abishai  could  walk  amongst 
them  in  safety.  The  Arabs  sleep  heavily, 
especially,  if  fatigued. 

Often,  when  travelling,  my  muleteers  and 
servants  have  resolved  to  watcb  by  turns  in 
places  thought  to  be  unsafe,  but  in  every  in- 
stance 1  soon  found  them  asleep,  ami  gener- 
ally their  slumbers  were  so  profound  that  I 
could  not  only  walk  amongst  them  without 
their  waking,  but  might  have  stolen  the  very 
garment  with  which  they  were  covered,  Then 
the  cruse  of  water  at  Saul's  head  is  in  exact 
accordance  with  the  customs  of  the  people  at 
this  day.     No  one  ventures   to   travel  over 


Everyone  who  watches  closely  the  course 
of  things  must  have  observed  that  at  a  single 
meal  a  man  may  partake  of  bread  made  from 
Russian  wheat,  beef  from  Scotland,  potatoes 
from  the  midland  counties,  sugar  from  the 
Mauritius,  salt  from  Cheshire,  pepper  from 
Jamaica,  curry  powder  from  India,  wine  from 
France  or  Germany,  currants  from  Greece, 
oranges  from  Spain,  as  well  as  various  spices 
and  condiments  from  other  places  ;  and  if  he 
considers  whence  came  the  draught  of  water 
he  swallows,  tracing  it  back  from  the  reservoir 
through  the  stream  and  the  brook  and  the 
rill,  to  the  separate  rain-drops  which  fell  wide 
apart,  and  these  again  to  the  eddying  vapors 
which  had  been  mingling  and  parting  in  end- 
less ways  its  they  drifted  over  the  Atlantic, 
he  sees  that  this  single  mouthful  of  water 
contains  molecules  which,  a  little  time  ago, 
were  dispersed  over  hundreds  of  square  miles 
| of  ocean  swell.  Similarly  tracing  back  the 
|  history  of  each  solid  he  has  eaten,  he  finds 
that  his  body  is  made  up  of  elements  which 
have  lately  come  from  all  parts  of  the  earth's 
surface. 

And  what  thus  holds  of  the  substance  of  the 
body,  holds  no  less  of  the  influences,  physical 
and  moral,  which  modify  its  actions.  You 
i break  your  tooth  with  a  pebble  among  the 
| currants,  because  the  industrial  organization 
in  Zante  is  so  imperfect.  A  derangement  of 
your  digestion  goes  back  for  its  cause  to  the 
bungling  management  in  a  vineyard  on  the 
Rhine  several  years  ago ;  or  to  the  dishonesty 
of  the  merchants  at  Cette,  where  imitation 
wines  are  produced.  Because  there  happened 
a  squabble  between  a  consul  and  a  king  in 
Abj'ssinia,  an  increased  income-tax  obliges 
you  to  abridge  your  autumn  holiday.  At 
homej-our  hours  of  business  are  predetermined 
by  the  general  habits  of  the  community.  Your 
meals  have  to  be  taken  at  intervals  which  do 
not  suit  your  health  ;  but  under  existing  social 
arrangements  you  must  submit. — Selected. 


charge  of  his  duties,  it  had  made  him  more  faithful 
His  remonstrance  proved  unavailing  and  he 
again  informed  that  he  must  resign.  This  time 
thinking  there  was  no  escape,  he  sent  in  his  resig- 
nation. So  far  as  appears,  there  was  no  attempt 
made  to  show  that  he  had  neglected  his  duty  or  was 
in  any  respect  an  inefficient  officer.  On  the  contrary, 
he  was  regarded  as  thoroughly  competent  and  faith- 
ful. His  prompt  decision  to  give  up  his  office  and 
the  generous  salary  connected  with  it,  on  account 
of  his  religion,  has  made  a  deep  impression  on  all 
that  region  and  has  led  to  a  great  increase  of  interest 
in  Christianity.  Another  officer,  of  weaker  faith, 
has  been  induced,  temporarily,  to  sever  himself  from 
the  Christians  because  of  the  pressure  brought  to 
bear  by  the  Prefect,  fearing  that  his  family  would 
be  deprived  of  their  support.  He  asserts,  however, 
that  he  is  still  a  Christian,  and,  with  tears  in  his 
eyes,  told  the  evangelist  that  he  is  praying  for 
strength  to  meet  his  great  trial.  In  the  same  town 
a  brewer  of  wide  reputation  has  decided  to  abandon 
his  business,  which  has  been  in  the  family  for  gen- 
erations, because  of  his  faith  in  Christ.  In  these 
hard  times  it  is  not  easy  for  a  man  to  make  a  new 
business  for  himself,  and  the  self-denial  which  such 
a  course  entails  is  a  very  impressive  argument  in 
favor  of  Christianity — one,  indeed,  which  its  oppo- 
nents cannot  well  ; 


Items. 

—Prohibition  in  Georgia.— In  Georgia  there  are 
ninety  counties  out  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-six, 
with  partial  or  entire  prohibition;  but  the  question 
has  never  got  into  polities.  No  party  can  claim  the 
credit  of  the  work.  We  have  accomplished  it  as 
citizens.  Nor  do  we  expect  to  cease  our  efforts  till 
the  sale  of  whisky  is  prohibited  in  every  county  in 
the  State.  The  success  of  the  movement  has  been 
so  great  here,  so  helpful  to  trade,  to  morals,  to  edu- 
cation, that  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  make  an  argu- 
ment in  favor  of  it  in  place-;  where  Honor  is  sold 


few  .wars,  their  factories,  their  better  schools,  their 
improved  (arms,  their  increased  trade,  to  settle  it. — 
./.   W.  Lee  in  Independent. 

— 'Suffering  for  Conscience. — An  interesting  case 
has  recently  occurred  in  Japan.  An  officer  in  the 
police  force,  cone-ponding   perhaps  to  our   police 

captain,  became  very  much  interested  in  ( 'hristianitv 


— Soman  Church  and  Italian  Government. — The 
Italian  Supreme  Court  of  Cassation  has  given  a 
judgment  establishing  alienation  and  conversion  of 
the  property  of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Faith.  Nearly  fifteen  millions' worth  of  real] 
estate  belonging  to  the  Propaganda  will  be  sold  and 
invested  in  Italian  bonds  in  trust  for  the  Propa- 
ganda. The  Pope  has  decided  to  communicate  the 
fact  to  all  Catholic  Powers  as  a  new  attack  against 
his  independence.  A  high  Church  dignitary  in 
Kome  says:  '"  The  Propaganda  will  not  meekly  sub- 
mit to  the  decision.  It  is  exasperated  by  this  tyran- 
nical abuse  of  power.  Eight  million  francs'  worth 
of  the  Propaganda  property  was,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
seized  and  converted  even  while  the  lawsuit  was 
pending.  The  Government  harasses  the  Propa- 
ganda at  every  turn,  and  the  Court  of  Cassation  at- 
tacks its  principles  and  outrages  its  spiritual  power, 
and  annuls  the  so-called  law  of  'guarantees.'  The 
Italian  government  will  probably  find  its  legal  vic- 
tory barren  or  worse.  Means  can  be  easily  found  of 
evading  the  effect  of  the  legal  sentence.  Moreover, 
Italy  henceforth  will  have  the  whole  colonial  influ- 
ence of  the  Catholic  missions  arrayed  against  her." 

— Faith  Believers. — Some  weeks  ago  a  member  of 
this  little  community  died  at  one  of  their  "homes," 
a  few  miles  from  Brooklyn.  They  will  never  employ 
a  physician.  An  inquest  was  held,  and  a  verdictof 
death  from  consumption  was  rendered.  Nine  days 
after  his  death  the  people  in  the  neighborhood  found 
the  body  was  still  in  the  house  with  the  nine  per- 
sons who  composed  the  community — four  men,  two 
women,  and  three  children.  The  health  board  in- 
vestigated the  matter,  and  found  the  corpse,  dressed 
as  in  life  and  with  a  hat  on,  in  the  room  where  the 
other  members  of  the  community  slept.  It  was 
claimed  by  the  people  that  he  would  be  "resur- 
rected." He  had  told  them  that  he  would  never 
die.  But  as  a  punishment  his  spirit  had  been  taken 
away  from  his  body,  and  would  return  after  twenty 
davs.  These  persons  did  no  work,  and  claimed  to 
live  by  faith.  The  real  cause  of  his  death  was 
thought  to  be  want  of  exercise  and  of  nutritious 
food. 


THE    FRIEND. 


Till  HI)  MONTH  22,  ISS4. 


rvince,  he 

c   Up   his 

e  captain 

from  his  i 


In  the  controversy  which  has  been  going 
among  Friends  in  Canada,  one  prominent 
m-  question  has  been,  whether  to  retain  the  Dis- 
pj  cipline  adopted  by  New  York  Yearly  Meet- 
'''  ing  in  1851,  under  which  tho  Yearly  Meeting 
,e  of  Canada  was  organized;  or  whether  to 
"sd  adopt  the  revised  Discipline  of  1877.  Hence 
is-1  it  is  a  matter  of  much  interest  to  compare  tho 


THE    FRIEND. 


2(53 


two  codes  with  each  other,  so  as  to  throw 
some  light  on  the  principles  involved. 

In  1762  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  New  York 
(then  held  at  Flushing,  L.  I.),  adopted  the 
Discipline  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting, 
which  had  been  revised  by  that  body  in  1719. 
and  was  then  substantially  the  same  as  that 
of  London  Yearly  Meeting, — the  parent  from 
which  the  Disciplines  of  all  the  Yearly  Meet- 
ings sprung.  Some  changes  were  made  in 
this  code  from  time  to  time;  but  at  the  revi- 
sion by  New  York  Yearly  Meeting,  in  1859, 
it  was  left,  with  its  statements  of  doctrine 
*nd  its  disciplinary  regulations  nearly  in 
harmony  with  those  which  had  prevailed 
imong  Friends  from  the  earliest  times. 

But  the  changes  which  were  made  in  it  in 
1877  clearly  show  that  those  who  then  made 
She  revision  had  undergone  a  decided  change 
themselves  as  to  Quaker  doctrine  and  prac- 
tice. In  the  new  Discipline  many  of  the  re- 
ferences to  the  duty  of  waiting  on  the  Lord 
for  ability  to  perform  Divine  worship  orothe 


bears  a  clear  testimony  to  the  necessity  of 
knowing  the  Spirit  of  Christ  inwardly  re- 
vealed in  the  performance  of  worship,  and 
says :  "In  order  to  experience  this  necessary 
qualification,  it  is  our  duty  to  have  the  mind 
withdrawn  from  all  outward  objects,  and 
reverently  and  humbly  to  wait  upon  the 
Lord  in  the  silence  of  all  flesh."  In  the  new, 
this  is  omitted;  but  on  page  13,  "Public 
Worship,"  mention  is  made  of  the  privilege 
of  those  who  have  "become  God's  children 
through  faith  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  "to 
meet  together  and  unite  in  the  worship  of 
Almighty  (.rod;  to  wait  upon  Him  for  the 
renewal  of  strength,"  &c;  but  there  is  an  ab- 
senco  of  that  clear  recognition  of  the  necessity 
of  this  waiting  for  Divine  help,  which  was 
found  in  the  old. 

A  similar  change  is  observable  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Prayer.  The  old,  page  13,  says  :  "  We 
believe  that  the  solemn  duty  of  vocal  prayer 
requires  a  special  impulse,"  &c.  This  is  not 
to  be  found  in  the  new,  which  on  page  15,  on 


religious  duties,  are  dropped  out;  the  ancient  the  same  subject,  "encourages  parents  and 
Quaker  doctrine  of  obedience  to  the  Light  of  heads  of  families  to  be  faithful  in  the  exercise 
Christ,  and  to  the  operations  of  his  Spirit,  as  of  this  privilege  before  their  children  or  house- 
tbe  practical  way  of  salvation,  is  to  a  great  j  holds,"  and  says,  "The  sense  of  need,  of  pa- 
extent  left  out  of  sight,  and  in  its  place  is  rental  responsibility^  of  the  priceless  value  of 
substituted  a  reliance  on  the  outward  offering  souls  entrusted  to  our  care,  not  only  warrants, 
of  Christ,  which  cannot  effect  our  salvation  |  but  requires  such  acts  of  dedication."  Though 
if  separated  from  his  inward  work  ;  much  of  it  speaks  of  "  vocal  prayer  uttered  in  response 
the  doctrinal  and  advisory  portions  are  re-  to  the  promptings  of  the  Holy  Spirit  as  an  im- 
written,  and  so  worded  as  to  favor  the  im-  portant  part  of  public  worship,"  yet  there  is 
prcssion  that  the  Holy  Spirit  is  confined  to  no  clear  statement  that  such  promptings  are 
those  who  have  believed  in  Christ;  the  queries  essential. 

and  advices  relating  to  plainness  in  dress  and]  Page  25,  old,  in  speaking  of  Meetings  for 
language,  are  omitted,  and  instead  of  them  we  Discipline,  says  :  "It  is  the  indispensable  duty 
find  simply  a  general  exhortation  to  Christian  of  Friends  in  their  meeetings  for  the  exercise 
simplicity.  In  the  rules  of  the  Discipline  of  the  discipline,  humbly  to  wait  for  Divine 
there  are  various  alterations,  especially  in  re-  influence,"  &c.  This  also  is  omitted  in  the 
lation   to   marriage,   elders,  the  queries,  &c,  \new. 

which  greatly  modify  or  lower  the  ancient!  The  Advices  to  Ministers  and  Elders  in  the 
standard  of  practice.  'old.  page  40,  says:  "Ministers  should  be  espe- 

As  illustrations  of  these  alterations,  the  cially  careful  in  the  exercise  of  their  gifts  in 
following  are  adduced:  Page  2  of  the  old  the  ministry,  reverently  to  wait  for  the  re- 
Discipline  (or  that  of  1859)  says,  "  We  have  newed  influence  of  the  Holy  Spirit,"  &c.  In 
rejected  the  terms  of  separate  and  distinct  the  new,  page  56,  this  is  left  out,  and  in  place 
persons  in  the  Godhead."  This  is  omitted  in'.of  it  is  substituted  the  advice,  that,  "Those 
the  new  Discipline  (that  of  1877).  j  who  speak  should  be  prompt  in  obeying  the 

Page  8  of  the  old,  states,  that  for  the  re-  Divine  intimation  while  the  exercise  is  fresh 
demption  of  fallen  man,  the  Almighty  "  hath  in  their  minds,  being  careful  to  commence, 
communicated  to  every  man  a  measure  of  that  procoed  and  conclude  in  the  life  ami  power 

which  the  Holy  Spirit  alone  can  confer." 


light  and  grace  which  came  by  Jesus  Christ, 
which,  as  it  is  received,  works  the  salvation 
of  all."     "  To  those  who  receive  this  light  and 


The  substitution   of  vocal  prayer,  or  out 
ward  performances,   for  inward   exercise  of 


walk  therein,  it  becomes  in  them  a  holy,  pure  spirit,  which  so  conspicuously  marks  the  Dis 
and   spiritual    life,    bringing   forth    holiness,  cipline  of  1877,  is  shown  also  in  the  paragraphs 
righteousness  and  purity,  and  all  those  bless- Under  the  heading  of  "Parents  and  Children.' 
ed  fruits  which  are  acceptable  to  God,  and  by 
which  we  are  sanctified  in  thesigbtof  God, '\fcc. 
"If  justification   be  considered   in  its  full  ex- 


tent, neither  Christ's  work  without  us,  in  the 
prepared  body,  nor  his  work  within  us,  by  his 
Holy  Spirit,  is  to  be  excluded,  for  both  have 
their  place  and  service  in  our  complete  justi- 
fication." 

All  of  this,  and  more  to  the  same  purport, 
is  omitted  in  the  new,  which  almost  entirely 
ignores  this  work  of  the  Spirit,  and  attributes 
justification  to  "our  acceptance  of  God's 
mercy  in  Christ  Jesus;"  and  says  that 
'"  Sanctification,  or.  being  made  holy,  is  ex- 
perienced in  connection  with  justification,  in 
so  far  that  every  pardoned  sinner,  on  ac- 
count of  faith  in  Christ,  is  clothed  with,  a 
measure  of  his  righteousness,  and  receives 
the  promised  Holy  Spirit." 

The  article  on  Worshin,  page  11,  of  theoW, 


In  the  old,  page  71,  the  sentence,  "  Parents 
should  often  be  bowed  in  spirit  at  the  foot- 
stool of  Divine  mercy  in  prayer,"  is  changed 
in  the  new,  page  84,  to  "Parents  should  often 
be  bowed  in  prayer  before  the  Lord."  The  old, 
page  71,  says:  "The  practice  of  daily  collect- 
ing our  families  together  for  the  purpose  of 
reading  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  waiting 
upon  God,  for  the  light  and  life  of  his  Holy 
Spirit  would  accustom  our  children  to  relig- 
ious retirement."  In  the  new,  page  84,  the 
words  here  italicised  are  changed,  and  the 
sentence  reads,  "  The  practice  of  daily  collect- 
ing our  families  together  for  the  purpose  of 
reading  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  waiting  upon 
God  in  thanksgiving  and  prayer,  will  accustom 
our  children  to  the  service  of  worship." 

These  instances,  to  which  many  more  might 
be  added,  may  be  sufficient  to  show  to  our 
readers    that    Friends   in    Canada   had   just 


grounds  to  be  uneasy  with  the  proposed 
change  of  Disciplines.  The  impression  left 
on  our  mind  by  the  comparison  of  the  two 
books,  is  as  discouraging  as  almost  anything 
that  has  occurred.  The  changes  made  in  1877 
seem  to  us  to  indicate  a  systematic  effort  to 
abandon  what  is  peculiarly  or  distinctively 
Friendly,  both  in  doctrine  and  practice.  This 
seems  the  most  obvious  explanation  of  the 
frequent  omissions  in  the  new  Discipline  of 
those  doctrines  which  our  early  Friends  re- 
garded themselves  as  especially  raised  up  to 
proclaim  ;  and  for  the  introduction  of  passages 
which  are  so  worded  that  the  distinctive  views 
of  Friends  are  kept  out  of  sight. 

We  have  used  the  word  discouraging,  in 
speaking  of  the  effect  of  such  changes;  and 
we  believe  such  will  be  the  effect  on  those 
who  are  fully  in  harmony  with  the  views  of 
Christian  doctrine  held  by  our  ear^members, 
and  who  believe  that  they  were  divinely  rais- 
ed up  to  bear  a  clear  testimony  to  the  spirit- 
uality of  the  religion  of  Christ.  How  can 
these  but  mourn,  when  they  see  their  succes- 
sors in  profession  departing  from  the  doctrines 
once  surely  believed  among  us,  and  ceasing  to 
bear  an  open  and  unmistakable  testimony  to 
them?  And  how  can  unity  be  restored  in 
our  Societ}-,  or  the  further  spread  of  division 
and  separation  be  prevented,  unless  there  is 
a  return  to  first  principles,  and  our  members 
become  prepared  to  walk  by  the  same  rule 
and  mind  the  same  things? 


BOOKS    RECEIVED. 

The  Ancient  Banner.—  Brief  Sketches  of 
Persons  and  Scenes  in  the  early  history  of 
Friends,  by  James  Kite.  Second  edition. 
New  York. 

This  is  a  reprint,  from  a  copy  corrected  by 
the  author,  of  a  poetical  pamphlet  first  pub- 
lished in  1846.  It  has  been  reissued  with  the 
belief  that  there  might  be  a  use  in  calling  the 
attention  of  some  of  our  younger  members  to 
what  their  forefathers  in  the  Truth  suffered 
in  maintaining  our  testimonies  and  principles. 
It  is  neatly  gotten  up,  and  is  for  sale  by 
Jacob  Smedley,  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia. 
Price  10  cents. 

let  is  the  title  of  a  new  4 
r,  published  at  Manhattan, 
Kokanour,  price  25  cents 
devoted  to  popular  educa- 
on,  temperance,  science,  the  laws  of  life  and 
health,  and  general  intelligence."  The  editor 
has  a  wide  field  of  labor  before  him.  From 
the  general  tone  of  the  two  numbers  received, 
we  hope  it  may  prove  useful. 


The  Golden  Crt 
page  monthly  pay 
Kansas,  by  S.  B 
per  annum  ;   and 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  lltli 
inst.,  Senator  Miller,  of  New  York,  introduced  a  bill 
providing  for  the  suspension  of  the  coinage  of  the 
standard  silver  dollar  for  two  years  and  the  issue  of  one 
and  two  dollar  Treasury  notes.  In  introducing  this 
bill  the  Senator  said  it  was  one  prepared  by  the  New 
York  Chamber  of  Commerce.  On  the  same  day  the 
Mexican  Treaty  was  ratified  in  executive  session,  by  a 
vote  of  41  to  20. 

On  the  17th  instant,  the  Senate  adopted  a  resolution 
appropriating  $-50,000  to  be  used  by  the  Commissioner 
of  Agriculture,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  authorities 
of  the  States  in  which  it  may  be  used,  for  stamping  out 
the  foot  and  month  disease,  the  Government  not  to  be 
committed  beyond  the  amount  named. 

Our  total  exports  of  petroleum  for  the  seven  months 
which  ended  1st  mo.  31st,  18S4,  amounted  in  value  to 
828,539,774,  an  increase  of  $2,629, 19S  on  the  exports 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year. 

In  Petersburg,  Virginia,  during  the  last  seven  years, 


264 


THE    FRIEND. 


over  63,000,000  pound?  of  plug  tobacco  were  manufac-  'eluding  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.87*  a  $6;  Pennsylva 
tured.     Over   2000  operatives   were  employed   in  the|faruily  at  $4.62*  a  *5;  western   do.   at  $5   a  ij>6,  and 
factories,  while  the  amount  of  monev  expended  in  the   patents  at  *6  a  $6.75.     Rye  flour  was  steady  at  53.50 
business  was  over  $20,000,000.     The  total  amount  of  $3.60  per  barrel. 

United  States  Internal  Revenue  taxes  collected  at  Grain. — Wheat  was  unsettled.  About  8500  bushels 
Petersburg,  from  1877  to  1883  inclusive,  was  over  $7,-  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.16*  a  $1,174  ; 
000.000.  It  is  stated  that  Virginia  exports  nearly  90  a  choice  lot  at  $1.18;  No.  2  at  $1.08.!  a  *1.15j  per 
per  cent,  of  the  whole  amount  of  manufactured  tobacco  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at 
exported  from  the  United  Slates,  and  that  more  than  [99  a  99*  cts.  per  bushel,  and  29,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at 
50  per  cent,  of  the  entire  exportation  is  made  from  ,81. OS1,  a$1.08|  3rd  mo.,$1.09fa$1.09f  4th  mo.,  tl.UJ 
Petersburg.  a  $1.11*  5th  mo.,  and  $1.12;  a  £  1.12.1  6th  mo.     Corn- 

It  is  reported  that  a  36-inch  vein  of  sapphire  corun-  Car  lots  were  firm:  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  6 
dum  has  been  discovered  near  Lone  Mountain,  in  a  62  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow 
Northumberland  county,  Penna.  59  a  61  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer;   and  sail  mixed 

The  State  Board  of  Agriculture  of  Illinois  reports  the  'at  61}  a  62  cts.  3rd  mo.,  60}  a  60J  cts.  4th  mo.,  61J 
value  of  the  crop  and  live  stock  products  of  that  State,   61-'  cts.  5th  mo.,  and  61*,  a  62  cts.  6th  mo.     Oats. — Car 
for    1883,   to    have    been    $250,579,000,   a   decrease  of  j  lots  were  firmly  held.     About  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots 
$67,404,000  as  compared  with  the  previous  year,  due  at  43  a  44.1  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  q 


largely  to  the  depreciation  in  the  value  of  farm  crop 
and  the  failure  of  the  winter  wheat  and  corn  crops. 

In  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives,  a  bill 
extending  the  municipal  suffrage  to  women  has  been 
defeated  by  a  vote  of  154  to  50,  with  11  pair. 

The  Senate  of  Iowa  has  agreed  to  a  woman  suffrage 
amendment  to  the  State  constitution,  by  a  vote  of  26 
to  24. 

On  the  morning  of  the  13th  inst.,  at  one  o'clock,  an 
explosion  of  lire  damp  look  place  in  the  Flat  Top  Coal 
Mine  at  Pocahontas,  in  the  north-eastern  part  of  Taze- 
well county,  Virginia;  154  miners  were  in  the  mine 
at  the  time,  and  all  of  them  perished.  The  victims 
were  mostly  colored  men  or  Hungarians.  The  mine 
had  been  in  active  operation  lit'le  more  than  a  year. 
It  was  worked  by  the  Southwest  Virginia  Improvement 
Company,  under  tliecontrol  of  the  Norfolk  and  Western 
Railroad.  The  mines  are  on  fire,  and  will  have  to  be 
"sealed  up"  for  at  least  two  weeks. 

The  hog  cholera  prevails  at  Arlington  and  neighbor- 
ing points  in  Massachusetts.  One  farmer  has  lost  nearly 
250  hogs  out  of  less  than  600. 

At  a  meeting  of  prominent  stock  raisers  at  Manhat- 
tan, Kansas,  resolutions  were  adopted  favoring  a  strict 
quarantine  in  the  district  in  Woodson  county  infected 
with  foot  and  mouth  disease;  declaring  that  the  Gov- 
ernor should  use  every  means  in  bis  power  to  stamp 
out  the  disease;  and  asking  Senators  and  Representa- 
tives in  Congress  to  favor  such  action  as  will  place  funds 
at  the  disposition  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture, 
to  he  used  in  such  emergencies.  A  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  call  a  mass  meeting,  should  it  prove  neces- 
sary. 

J.  H.  Sanders,  Secretary  of  the  Cattle  Commission, 
reports  to  the  Treasury  Department  from  Chicago  that 
he  "  has  information  that  the  cattle  disease  now  prevail- 
ing in  Kansas  was  carried  there  in  clothing  by  two 
Scotchmen  direct  from  an  infected  herd  in  Scotland." 

The  disease  is  reported  to  have  appeared  in  Adair 
county,  Missouri,  and  near  Wapella,  Louisa  Co.,  Iowa. 

The  grand  levee  at  Bayou  Sara,  Louisiana,  gave  way 
on  the  evening  of  the  14th. 

The  Gila  river,  in  Arizona,  has  overflowed  its  banks 
and  inundated  half  the  town  of  Yuma.  About  100 
families  have  been  rendered  homeless  by  the  Hood. 

A  new  telescope  often  inches  clear  aperture  has  just 
been  received  and  put  in  positional  Haverford  College. 

Two  boys,  both  about  13  years  of  age,  who  had  run 
away  from  home  to  go  West  and  fight  Indians,  were 
captured  recently  at  Devon,  on  the  Pennsylvania  rail- 
road. They  were  committed  to  the  House  of  Refuge 
with  the  consent  of  their  parents. 

A  telegraph  messenger  boy,  giving  the  name  of  James 
Riley,  was  found  by  the  police  in  the  streets  of  New 
York,  early  on  the  morning  of  the  lllh,  "a  raving 
maniac."  He  kept  continually  crying  out,  "  I  am  Butts, 
the  Boy  Detective."  His  friends  could  not  be  found, 
and  he  was  taken  to  the  hospital.  The  surgeon  at  the 
hospital  says,  "  his  brain  was  turned  by  reading  dime 
novels." 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  439, 
which  was  41  more  than  during  the  previous  week, 
and  30  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last 
year  :  213  of  the  foregoing  were  males,  and  217  females; 
77  died  of  consumption  ;  33  of  pneumonia;  24  of  old 
age;  21  of  typhoid  fever;  IS  of  scarlet  fever;  17  of  con- 
vulsions; 14  of  croup,  and  11  of  Plight's  disease  of  the 
kidneys. 

Markets,  &C.—U,  S.  4.1's,  113J;  4's,  registered,  123; 
coupon,  124;  3's,  102;  currency  6's,  129  a  137. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice  in 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
11  a  11  \  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8\  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9]  a  9j  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  roiiet    but  firm.     Sales  of  1700  barrels,  in- 


Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  3d 
mo.  15th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  314;  loads  of  straw,  41 
Average  price  during  week-— Prime  timothy,  85  a  95 
cents  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  70  a  85  cts.  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull,  and  prices  were  a  fraction 
lower:  2700  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yard 
at  4*  a  7*  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  lower :  10,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at 
the  different  yards  at  4£  a  6|  cts.,  and  lambs  at  4*  a  8 
cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  dull:  3600  head  arrived  and  sold  at  8  a 
10$  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— It  is  stated  that  during  the  present  cen- 
tury 150,000,000  copies  of  the  Bible  have  been  printed 
in  226  different  languages. 

On  the  morning  of  the  13th  instant,  the  British  forces 
under  General  Graham  marched  out  of  Suakiru,  and 
attacked  the  camp  of  Osman  Digm.i.  The  battle  raged 
for  two  hours  and  a  half.  Of  the  British  army  the 
number  of  those  killed  reaches  a  hundred,  while  the 
wounded  were  one  hundred  and  fiftv.  The  rebel  losses 
are  estimated  at4000  killed  ami  6000  wounded.  General 
Graham's  forces  returned  to  Suakiru.  Osman  Digma 
fled  to  the  hills. 

A  despatch  from  London  dated  3d  month  17th,  says  : 
The  air  is  full  of  rumors  of  dissension  in  the  Cabinet, 
the  resignation  of  Gladstone,  and  a  dissolution  of  Par- 
liament. The  fact  is  that  Gladstone  is  suffering  from 
catarrhal  fever,  and  is  too  hoarse  to  speak.  There  are, 
undoubtedly  differences  in  the  Ministry  as  regards  the 
length  to  which  Great  Britain  should  go  in  the  Soudan 
war,  but  not  enough  to  cause  a  split. 

Sir  Evelyn  Baring,  the  British  Minister  at  Cairo, 
warns  the  Government  that  the  spirit  of  the  Arab 
leaders  is  still  unbroken.  He  asserts  that  as  many  as 
thirty  different  tribes  in  the  Soudan  are  prepared  to 
maintain  the  war.  General  Graham  telegraphs  that  in 
case  he  is  ordered  to  advance  into  the  interior  reinforce- 
ments must  be  sent  to  him.  All  the  indications  go  to 
show  that  the  rebellion  in  the  Soudan  is  of  a  much 
more  formidable  character  than  it  has  been  supposed 
to  be.  People  had  imagined  that  a  single  decisive  de- 
feat by  British  troops  would  so  dishearten  the  leaders 
that  they  would  be  ready  to  come  to  terms.  But  it 
looks  as  though  they  were  still  determined  to  continue 
the  conflict,  and  the  spirit  of  insurrection  seems  to  be 
spreading,  notwithstanding  the  two  overwhelming  dis- 
aster which  have  befallen  their  arms,  and  the  dreadful 
carnage  which  they  have  suffered.  The  desperate  fa- 
naticism, bravery  and  recklessness  which  the  Arabs 
display,  their  obstinate  resistance  in  the  face  of  the 
murderous  fire  of  the  British,  and  the  sullen  delibera- 
tion of  their  retreat,  when  forced  to  give  way,  prove 
that  they  are  inspired  with  no  ordinary  spirit  of  rebel- 
lion. The  impossibility  of  taking  prisoners  is  a  dis- 
couraging feature  of  the  war,  and  the  natural  difficul- 
ties of  the  country  and  severity  of  the  climate  to  Euro- 
peans render  a  prolonged  campaign  especially  hazard- 
ous and  arduous. 

The  Irish  justices  in  opening  the  Assizes  in  Dublin, 
agree  that  there  has  been  a  gratifying  diminution  of 
crime. 

The  National  Gazette  says :  "The  Powers 
ing  to  combat  the  anarchist  plague  with  all 
and  energies.  The  question  of  political  at 
be  put  to  trial,  and  no  anarchist  will  he 
claim  political  immunity  if  he  has  attacked 
perfy." 

The  shareholders  of  the  Suez  Canal  Company  have 
ratified  the  Convention  between  I)e  Lessees  and  the 
English  shipowners. 

On  the  12th  instant,  the  French  occupied  Bac-Ninh. 
The  ( ihinese  abandoned  their  positions  and  lied.  Their 
loss  is  heavy.  A  Krnpp  battery  and  much  amunition 
were  found  in  the  citadel. 


Prime  Minister  Ferry  has  reopened  direct  negotia- 
tions with  the  Marquis  Tseng  for  a  treaty  based  upon 
the  condition  that  the  French  be  allowed  to  retain  pos- 
session of  Bac-Ninh. 

The  Spanish  Government  has  for  some  time  been 
aware  that  a  conspiracy  was  being  hatched  for  ami" 
tary  uprising  similar  to  that  which  took  place  in  the 
8th  month  last.  Many  more  persons  were  arrested. 
The  conspirators  had  formed  a  plot  to  seize  the  palace 
some  time  when  the  Ministers  were  assembled  and  King 
Alfonso  was  presiding. 

Trichinosis,  engendered  by  eating  German-bred  pork 
and  due  in  no  wise  to  the  American  product,  is  ravag- 
ing various  parts  of  Gfrmany. 

The  Legislature  of  Ontario,  in  committee  on  7th-day 
the  15th  inst.,  passed  a  bill  extending  the  franchise  in 
municipal  elections  to  widows  and  unmarried  women 
holding  the  necessary  property  qualification ;  to  farmers' 
daughters  upon  the  same  grounds  on  which  farmers' 
sons  are  given  votes,  and  to  all  women  possessing  pro- 
perty of  sufficient  value  in  their  own  right. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

A  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Committee  having  charge  ol 
the  Boarding  School  at  Westtown,  will  be  held  in 
Philadelphia  on  Sixth-day,  3rd  mo.  28th,  at  11  A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Admissions  and  the  Committee 
on  Instruction  will  meet  the  same  day,  at  9  A.  M. 

The  Visiting  Committee,  appointed  to  attend  the  ex- 
amination at  the  School,  meet  there  on  Second-day 
evening,  24th  inst.  For  the  accommodation  of  thir 
committee,  conveyances  will  be  at  Westtown  Station  oi 
the  24th  inst.,  to  meet  the  trains  that  leave  the  city  at 
2.47  and  4.55  p.  M. 

Wm.  Evans,  Clerk. 

Philada.,  3rd  mo.  1884. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Third-d  <y,  the  6th  oj 
Fifth  month.  Parents  and  others  intending  to  send 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  application 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Superintendent,  addr 
Westtown  P.  (J.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  ;  or  to  Charles  J. 
Allen,  Treasurer,  No.  304  Arch  St.,  Philada. 

TRACT  ASSOCIATION  OF  FRIENDS. 
The  Annual  Meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Committee- 
room   of   Arch   Street   Meeting-house,  on    Fourth-da 
evening  the  20th  inst.,  at  8  o'clock.     Friends  who  are 
interested  in  the  subject  are  invited  to  attend. 

Auxiliary  associations  which  have  not  already  done 
so,  are  desired  to  forward  their  Annual  Reports. 

Edward  Maris,  Clerk. 
Philadelphia,  3d  mo.  1884. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN, 

AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  in 
working  the  farm,  and   take  charge  of  the  boys  w 
out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty  third  Ward,)  Philadelphu 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  I 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  i 
Managers. 


pro- 


Died,   1st  month  24t 

,   1S84,  at   his  residence  lied 

Chesterfield,  Morgan   C 

>.,  Ohio,  Bi'rwell  Peebles 

in  the  79th  year  of  bis 

ige,  a  member  of  Chesterfiefl 

Monthly  and  Parlicnlai 

Meeting.      He  was   firmly  at 

tached  to  the  principles 

md  testimonies  of  the  SocietJ 

Friend   bore   a    long  afilictior 

and   submission,  and   a  com 

brtable  hope  is  enterts 

tied,  that   through   redeeming 

ove  and   mercy  he  has 

leen   permitted  to  enter  one  Ql 

hose  mansion*  prepared 

tor  the  people  of  God. 

,  1st  month   27th, 

1884,  at  the  residence  of  hi 

parents,  in    Me.lia,    Pen. 

svlvania,    ALBERT  Gk,  son   0 

William  R.  and  Rebecca 

II.  Newbold,  aged   nearly  21 

WILLIAM  II.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  THIRD  MONTH 


NO.    34. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
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Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered    as  seomd-cLi^ 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  258.) 

"1799,  1st  month  1st.  A  day  of  solemn  in- 
vestigation into  my  own  heart.  A  day  of  trial 
begins  the  year.  May  I  know  an  advance- 
ment in  things  which  make  for  peace  as  the 
year  progresses.  Be  watchful,  then,  and  above 
all  things,  concerned  to  know  a  constant  abid- 
ing in  the  Truth,  for  in  it  there  is  light,  life 
and  immortality. 

"  2nd.  Preparative  Meeting.  My  life  was 
pained  under  a  sense  of  the  prevalency  of  hu- 
man wisdom  in  church  affairs.  O,  how  is  the 
pure  seed  of  life  oppressed  and  borne  down 
by  the  workings  of  human  wisdom  !  by  the  in- 
trigues and  usurped  authority  of  the  busy 
man.  O,  that  our  eyes  were  more  opened  to 
see  the  beauty  of  things  in  their  primitive 
simplicity. 

"4th.  I  feel  justly  destined  to  live  poor; 
because  it  is  obvious  I  am  not  sufficiently  re- 
duced to  bear  affluence.  He  is  not  fit  to  be 
rich  who  cannot  endure  poverty.  Well,  then, 
be  content  with  thy  condition,  and  learn  to 
endure  poverty  in  a  spirit  of  meekness.  Give 
up  cheerfully,  give  up  to  dig,  and  be  content 
to  beg  thy  bread  day  by  da)- ;  covet  not  the 
reward  until  the  work  is  done,  and  think  thy- 
self richly  rewarded  if  favored  with  the  penny 
at  last.  Expect  not  the  crown  until  the  vic- 
tory is  wrought.  The  weapons  of  the  faith- 
ful soldier  in  Christ  Jesus  are  not  carnal,  but 
mighty  through  God  to  the  casting  down 
imaginations  and  evil  propensities  of  the  hu- 
man heart,  and  bringing  all  the  powers  of  the 
soul  into  obedience  to  the  Captain  of  its  sal- 
vation. The  race  is  not  with  the  swift,  but 
progressively  through  many  and  varied  tribu- 
lations, until  the  end  of  all  perfection  is  at- 
tained. 

"6th.  Oh,  how  greatly  is  the  eye-salve 
•wanting  among  the  children  of  men  !  When 
-will  they  be  wise?  When  will  they  duly 
consider  their  latter  end,  and  understand 
how  frail  they  are? 

"  11th.  O,  the  danger,  in  times  of  Divine 
favor,  of  destroying  the  benefit  of  such  favors 
by  talking,  instead  of  adoring  the  gracious 
hand  that  confers  them. 

"  12th.  Died,  my  cousin,  Lydia  Breed,  a 
young  woman,  a  member  of  our  Society  ; 
though  long  lingering,  her  exit  was  sudden. 
She  died  sitting  in  her  chair,  instantly.     A 


striking  instance  in  proof  of  the  uncertainty 
of  time  ;  may  it  have  a  stirring  effect  on  the 
minds  of  her  survivors  and  acquaintances,  to 
prepare  for  the  solemn  close,  come  when  it 
may  come. 

"  18th.  Many  and  long,  indeed,  have  been 
the  fasting  seasons;  thanks  for  every  crumb. 
It  is  by  '  morsels'  thou  art  sustained,  morning 
by  morning,  and  evening  by  evening;  thy 
sustenance  is  graciously  dealt  out,  as  thou  art 
able  to  bear  it.  He  who  feeds  thee  knows  in 
what  portions  to  administer  for  thy  preserva- 
tion. 

"22nd.  The  trials  attending  a  school  teacher 
are  many  and  various,  tending  to  perplex  the 
mind  ;  the  difficulties,  at  times,  appear  almost 
insuperable;  under  the  weight  of  them  my 
mind  has  often  been  bowed  in  deep  humility. 
O,  that  parents  and  guardians  did  but  see  the 
responsibility  they  are  under,  that  they  may 
be  sensible  of  the  nature  and  expediency  of 
a  virtuous  and  guarded  education  for  their 
offspring  and  those  tender  plants  under  their 
charge;  it  would  be  a  strength  to  my  mind 
to  receive  their  aid,  and,  doubtless,  to  the 
minds  of  others.  O,  Thou,  in  whom  is  the 
strength  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  !  may  it 
please  thee  to  arise,  and  by  the  merciful  Arm 
of  thy  Providence,  sustain  my  often  sinking 
soul!  preserve  it  from  falling  under  the  weight 
of  exercise  amid  this  tribulatcd  scene. 

26th.  '  As  the  hart  panteth  after  the  wa- 
ter-brooks, so  panteth  my  soul  after  thee,  O 
God  !' 

31st.  What  a  scene  of  probation  is  this. 
The  tempter  is  near,  if  possible  by  his  insinu- 
ations, to  allure  and  draw  off  from  the  sim- 
plicity that  is  in  Christ.  With  fervency-  of 
desire  do  I  cast  my  care  upon  that  holy  Arm 
of  divine  power  which  is  invincible,  as  a  worm 
with  its  mouth  in  the  dust. 

"2nd  month  1st.  Strengthened  a  little  to 
renew  covenant,  and  to  look  forward  in  the 
vale  of  humility  with  hope.  So  may  the  soul 
be  preserved  from  sinking,  and  finally  lay 
down  in  peace  with  God  ;  an  object  with  me 
n  far  greater  estimation  than  corn,  wine  or 
oil. 

"2nd.  Seemingly  very  destitute  of  that 
which  constitutes  the  true  spirit  of  prayer. 
Bow  in  humility,  O  my  soul!  not  with  the 
head,  as  a  bulrush,  for  a  day,  but  prostrate 
at  the  feet  of  Him  who  sitteth  on  the  throne 
of  his  mercy,  until  victory  is  obtained  over 
the  beast  and  his  image,  and  over  the  num- 
ber of  his  name,  and  thou  enabled  to  triumph 
over  death,  hell  and  the  grave. 

'•  3rd.  Deep  searching  of  heart  at  our  meet- 
ing. May  I  rejoice  in  being  found  worthy  to 
suffer  in  the  cause  of  my  Holy  Redeemer,  be 
it  secretly  or  openly,  as  a  spectacle  to  angels 
and  to  men  !  Be  mindful,  then,  of  thy  guide, 
neither  go  before  nor  tarry  behind.  Griev- 
ously burdened  to-day  by  a  spurious  testi- 
mony. *  *  *  Her  present  condition  the 
effect  of  obstinacy,  rejecting  the  counsel  and 
advice  of  her  friends,   and   great  self-confi- 


dence,— fatal  traits  in  the  character  of  a  gos- 
pel minister.  0,  for  strength  to  stand  against 
them  in  myself. 

"7th.  A  day  of  fasting,  humiliation  and 
prayer.  A  desire  prevails  to  improve  all  the 
dispensations  of  a  beneficent  Providence  for 
good;  but  when  I  would  do  good,  evil  is 
present  with  me;  so  that  the  things  that  I 
would  not,  I  am  too  prone  to  do,  while  things 
essential  are  liable  to  be  neglected. 

"11th.  O,  for  strength  to  labor  for  that 
bread  which  perisheth  not,  and  which  nour- 
isheth  the  soul  up  unto  eternal  life  ;  to  gain 
that  love  which  casteth  out  fear,  and  qualifies 
to  do  unto  others  as  I  would  they  should  do 
unto  me,  ami  maketh  not  ashamed  before 
men  nor  princes,  that  all  may  terminate  to 
the  glory  of  God. 

"  12th.  0,  how  the  enemy  prevails  !  and 
will  prevail  to  my  overthrow  and  everlasting 
confusion,  except  thou,  Lord,  arise  for  my  pre- 
servation.    Without  thee,  I  can  do  nothing. 

"  14th.  Divers  matters  of  weight  and  im- 
portance under  deliberation  in  our  Monthly 
Meeting.  Alas,  how  mightily  the  rabbinical 
power  displays  its  importance,  and  the  wis- 
dom of  the  wise  magnifies  itself  over  sim- 
plicity. Except  the  Lord  keep  the  city,  the 
watchmen  wake  but  in  vain. 

"  15th.  My  soul  is  sorrowful,  and  very 
heavy.     Satan  threatens  like  a  lion. 

"17th.  The  Prince  of  darkness  tries  his 
worst  to  involve  the  soul  in  his  own  element. 
O,  Tbou,  the  source  of  all  strength,  enable  me 
to  resist,  and  to  frustrate  his  diabolical  de- 
signs !  This  evening  visited  one  of  our  mem- 
bers on  account  of  intemperance,  in  company 
with  another  Friend.  It  was  in  that  freedom 
which  the  Truth  gives,  but  it  was  a  time  of 
great  weakness;  the  man  was  weak;  and 
unto  the  weak  we  became  weak,  if  thereby 
we  might  gain  upon  him.  It  terminated  to 
some  satisfaction. 

"  19th  The  enemy  continues  the  siege. 
Though  he  be  suffered  to  bruise  my  heel,  may 
I  be  strengthened  to  crush  him  in  battle.  Bow, 
my  soul,  in  profound  humility!  Peradven- 
ture,  strength  will  one  day  be  vouchsafed  to 
put  him  to""  flight,  and  deliver  thee  from  all 
thy  enemies. 

"21st.  May  I  learn  by  the  things  that  I 
suffer  to  cast  all  my  care  upon  Him  who  is 
strength  in  weakness,  riches  in  poverty,  and 
a  present  help  in  the  needful  time. 

"28th.  Things  will  go  heavy  as  long  as 
human  wisdom  and  worldly  policy  bear  rule 
in  church  affairs;  and  the  simple  motions 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  are  borne  down  and  ex- 
cluded. O,  the  necessity  of  waiting  and 
watching  daily  for  a  renewal  of  that  spirit 
within,  which  alone  can  qualify  for  every 
day's  work. 

"3rd  month  3rd.  O,  my  soul,  what  is  it 
that  aileth  theo  !  Hope  thou  in  God;  He  is 
thy  help  and  thy  shield. 

"4th.  Repeated  portions  of  the  worm- 
wood and  the  gall  attend  my  progress  ;  my 


566 


THE    FRIEND. 


whilstothers  of  them— apologists  for  the  stage 
— have  been  unable  successfully  to  defend,  as 
they  have  likewise  repeatedly  failed  in  the 
effort  to  reform  it,  seeing  that  it  "  exists  only 
under  a  law  of  degeneracy;"  that  an  invari- 
able accompaniment  of  stage-plays,  and  that 
which  establishes  the  constant  trend  to  d 
generacy,  is  the  dissimulation  and  violation 
of  truth  involved  in  the  acting;  that  the  per- 
sonal experience  (to  be  briefly  detailed)  of 
some  righteous  people  of  our  own  time  i9  very 
confirming  in  that  it  clearly  shows  the  wanton 
and  unsatisfying  character  of  such  and  similar 
pleasures  ;  that  an  inevitable  result  of  theatre- 
going  is  the  corruption  of  youth,  and,  as  con- 
sequents, law-breaking  and  overt  crime  ;  but 
that  to  pernicious  reading  and  to  general 
negligence  of  parental  restrant  and  training- 
are  to  be  largely  referred  the  growth  of 
these  depraving  tendencies ;  that  many  of  ou 
American  cities,  following  the  custom  of  the 
capitals  of  Europe  in  tolerating  stage-play 
and  amusements  generally,  on  the  first  day 
of  the  week,  are  adding  iniquity  to  iniquity 
and  inviting  the  righteous  judgments  of  the 
Almighty  on  account  thereof;  and  finally 
that  the  professing  Church  of  our  day,  through 
countenancing  (under  cloak  of  religion)  i 
great  variety  of  worldly  entertainments — sc 
ciables,  feasts,  bazaars,  tableaux,  dancing,  &c 


main  desire  is  to  be  supported  in  and  under 
them  all,  to  my  own  refinement,  and  to  the 
glory  of  Him  whose  mercy  is  over  all  his  work. 

This  month  attended  the  Quarterly  Meet- 
ing at  Seabrook  ;  the  business  was  conducted 
in"  harmony  ;  but  my  lot  was  a  sense  of  want ; 
but  this  also  is  to  be  appreciated  among  the 
favors  conferred  upon  me. 

"  14th.  In  our  Monthly  Meeting  I  was 
concerned  to  recommend  to  the  people  that 
holy  anointing  spoken  of  by  one  of  the  apos- 
tles, which  is  truth,  and  no  lie  ;  under  the  in- 
fluence of  which  Divine  worship  is  performed. 
This  act  of  dedication  to  manifested  duty 
brought  its  ample  reward.  Blessed  be  the 
name  of  the  Lord. 

"  15th.  Sweet  effects  of  faithfulness  in  the 
living  enjoyment  of  a  tranquil  mind." 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

It  was  told  me  by  a  Friend,  that  a  certain 
person  with  whom  he  was  well  acquainted  in 
his  younger  years,  having  made  an  appoint- 
ment to  meet  one  of  his  associates  at  a  theatre- 
entrance,  was  so  struck  by  the  usher's  itera- 
tion of  "This  way  to  the  pit!  This  way  to1  has  not  only  weakened  the  ancient  testimony 
the  pit!"  that,  appalled  at  the  peril  to  which  of  condemnation  against  the  theatre,  but  by 
he  was  exposing  iiis  soul,  he  hastily  left  the  becoming  in  effect  the  world's  ally,  has  made 
place,  and  was  never  afterward  seen  at  such  'easy  the  way  of  multitudes  to  resort  to  it. 
a  resort.  I  have  thought  that  no  argument!  An  English  writer  of  last  century,  Arthu 
can  be  offered  in  opposition  to  theatre-going,  Bedford,*  cites  the  following  concerning  thi 
none  more  likely  to  impress  us  with  its  de- theatre  in  ancient  Athens  and  Borne.  Quoting 
basing  tendency,  than  that  which  may  be  from  Plutarch,  he  sa.ys  that  the  consequences 
found  in  simply  scanning  the  countenances,  of  the  corrupt  plays  in  Athens  were  severely 
and  observing  the  demeanor  of  the  crowd,  as  felt  in  getting  the  people's  money  as  well  as 
they  leave  one  of  our  play-houses  of  the  popu-  j  in  demoralizing  them  ;  that  inspectors  were 
lar  sort.  We  are  morally  certain  that  these  'appointed  for  its  better  regulation,  but  th 
people  have  not  "  been  with  Jesus,"  that  theyplan  not  succeeding,  a  law  was  enacted  that 
have  not  been  employed  "to  the  glory  of  common  actors  should  be  reputed  infamous. 
God,"  but  rather  that,  walking  in  the  way  of  At  last  the  evil  became  so  serious  that  the 
sinners  and  in  the  counsel  of  the  ungodly,  theatre  was  totally  suppressed.!  Bedford 
they  have  cast  in  their  lot  with  those,  who  adds :  "How,  then,  will  they  rise  up  in  judg- 
"go  down  into  the  pit."  Iment  against  us  and  condemn  us,  if  we  are 

Now,  we  in  the  city  are  surrounded  by  remiss  in  this  matter."  Following  Tertullian, 
multitudes  of  the  frequenters  of  such  places  ;  he  says:  "  When  the  plays  were  corrupted  in 
we  are  sure  that  the  souls  of  these  people  are,  heathen  Borne,  a  very  early  law  was  made 
in  the  Almighty's  estimation,  of  equal  value  against  them,  in  which  they  were  declared 
with  our  own,  and,  although  as  a  religious  infamous;  and  it  was  enacted  that  no  actor 
Society  we  have  a  clear  testimony  against  the  should  be  admitted  to  the  Court,  the  Bar,  or 
play-house,  and  our  membership  as  a  whole  the  Senate,  and  should  also  be  incapable  of 
is  nearly  free  from  countenancing  such  re-  any  military  or  other  honor  or  esteem  :  And 
sorts,  yet  we  will  not  have  done  our  duty  in  therefore,  when  God  enters  into  judgment  for 
this  particular  unless,  showing  ourselves  alive  |these  things,  will  it  not  be  more  tolerable  for 
to  the  magnitude  of  the  evil,  and  following  them  than  it  will  be  for  us?" 
the  counsel  of  the  apostle  Jude  concerning  I  "The  Lacedemonians,"  says  Collier,^  on 
those  who  "walk  after  their  own  ungodly  the  authority  of  Plutarch,  "  who  were  remark- 
lusts,"  we  do  our  part  in  faithfully  "pulling  able  for  the  wisdom  of  their  laws,  the  sobriety 
them  out  of  the  fire."  Said  the  late  William  !of  their  manners,  and  their  breeding  of  brave 
Evans  in  his  journal  (1849):  "The  kingdom  — 


of  Satan  is  gaining  ground  in  this  land,  and 
if  those  who  consider  themselves  lovers  of  re- 
ligion slacken  their  watchfulness  and  their 
resistance  to  wrong  things,  the  tide  of  com- 
pliance must  gain  a  powerful  ascendency  over 
the  morals  of  the  people  at  large." 

It  will  be  the  scope  of  this  essay  to  show 
the  adverse  estimation  in  which  stage-plays 
have  been  held  by  the  best  of  men  of  ancient 
and  modern  times,  and  how  local  communities 
and  States  have,  in  very  self-defence,  forbidden 
them  ;  that  many  actors  themselves,  conced- 
ing the  demoralizing  character  of  their  occu- 
pation, have  united  in  condemning  the  plays, 


A  Serious  Remonstrance  in  behalf  of  the  Christian 
Religion  against  the  Horrid  Blasphemies  anil  Impieties 
which  are  still  used  in  the  English  Play-Houses,  to  the 
great  dishonoring  of  Almighty  God,  and  in  contempt 
of  the  Statutes  of  this  Realm.  By  Arthur  Bedford. 
London,  1719. 

f  "  When  tragedy  and  comedy  were  first  enacted  at 
Athens,  they  were  soon  abolished  by  public  authority 
as  being  enervating  ;  and  among  the  Romans,  so  cau- 
tious were  they  of  permitting  them  to  be  frequent,  that 
a  theatre,  when  occasionally  erected,  was  not  allowed 
to  continue  above  a  prescribed  number  of  days." — 
Witherspoon. 

X  A  Short  View  of  the  Immorality  and  Profanencss 
of  the  English  Stage:  together  with  the  Sense  of  An- 
tiquity upon  this  Argument.  By  Jeremv  Collier.  Lon- 
don, 1G9S. 


men — this  government  would  not  endure  the 
stage  in  any  form,  nor  under  any  regulation.'' 

The  citizens  of  ancient  Marseilles,  we  are 
told,  would  admit  no  stageplays  into  their 
city,  lest  their  filthiness  should  corrupt  their 
youth. 

Xenophon,  Seneca,  Tacitus,  Plato,  Ovid, 
were  among  the  noted  Greeks  and  Roman! 
who  raised  their  voices  against  the  theatre 
as  a  school  of  vice,  a  corrupter  of  youth,  and 
the  disgrace  of  those  nations.  And  when 
theatrical  shows  were  introduced  by  Herod 
into  Jerusalem,  Josephus  spoke  of  them  in 
strong  terms  of  reprobation,  as  "tending  to 
corrupt  the  morals  of  the  Jewish  nation,  to 
bring  the  people  into  love  with  Pagan  idola- 
try, and  to  throw  contempt  on  the  law  of 
Moses." 

Respecting  the  belief  and  general  practice 
of  the  Primitive  Christians  hereupon,  Milner, 
the  Church  historian,  testifies:  "A  Christian 
renouncing  the  pomps  and  vanities  of  this 
wicked  world,  and  yet  frequenting  the  play- 
house, was,  with  the  Christians  of  the  first 
three  centuries,  a  solecism.  The  effusion  of 
the  Holy  Spirit,  during  those  centuries,  never 
admitted  those  amusements  at  all." 

A  well-known  but  somewhat  rare  work 
against  stage-plays,  is  Edward  Prynne's  His- 
trio  Masti.r,  a  book  of  more  than  one  thousand 
pages,  which  was  published  in  London  in  the 
time  of  Charles  the  Second  (1663.)  It  is  a 
treatise  of  invaluable  authority  on  the  subject. 
The  following  are  some  of  this  writer's  cita- 
tions from  the  early  Christian  fathers,  in  op- 
position to  the  theatre. 

Tertullian  :  "  Stage  plays  are  the  pomps  of 
the  devil  against  which  we  have  renounced 
in  our  baptism."  He  also  styles  the  play- 
house "  the  devil's  church." 

Clement,  of  Borne,  calls  stage-plays  "  the 
pomps  of  idols  and  spectacles  of  the  devil," 
and  hence  strenuously  cautions  all  Christians 
to  shun  and  avoid  them. 

Cyril,  of  Jerusalem:  "The  devil's  pomp 
which  we  renounce  in  baptism,  are  those 
spectacles  or  play^s  in  theatres,  and  all  other 
vanities  of  this  kind  from  which  the  holy  man 
of  God  desiring  to  be  freed,  saitb, — '  Turn 
away  mine  eyes  from  beholding  vanity.'  " 

Augustine  gives  them  the  same  titles  as  the 
foregoing,  and  decrys  the  faithlessness  of  pro- 
fessing Christians  in  "going  one  while  into 
the  church  to  pray,  and  after  awhile  running 
to  the  playr-house  to  cry  out  impudently  with 
stage-])  layers." 

Chrysostom,  the  eloquent  preacher,  is  very 
outspoken,  calling  stage-plays  "the  impure 
food  of  the  devil,"  and  play-houses  his  con- 
venticles, and  so  zealous  was  he  against  them 
that  he  avers  (perhaps  too  confidently):  "I 
will  never  give  over  preaching  until  I  have 
dissipated  and  rent  asunder  [this  theatre- 
going];  that  so  the  assembly  of  the  church 
may  be  made  pure  and  clean,  freed  from  its 
present  filthiness,  and  enjoy  eternal  life  here- 
after, by  the  grace  and  mercy  of  Jesus  Christ 
their  Lord." 

(To  be   continued.) 


On  Instantaneous  Conversion. 

V  writer  in  The  British  Friend  for  Second 
month,  over  the  signature  of  J.  A.,  extends  a 

ution  to  bis  readers  about  attending  the 
meetings  of  Moody  and  Sankey,  and  quotes 
from  the  London  Daily  News  some  remarks 


THE    FRIEND. 


267 


of  the  former  on  the  subject  of  instant  eon- 
version.     He  then  observes: — 

"  Such  sentiments  may  occasion  no  surprise 
to  those  conversant  with  American  evangel- 
istic teaching.  I  confess  when  I  bear  of  their 
being  received  with  favor  by  an  English  audi- 
ence I  am  greatly  surprised,  at  variance  as  I 
find  it  with  all  true  experience — moral,  physi- 
cal, and  spiritual.  It  is  at  variance  with  the 
whole  weight  of  evidence  as  I  read  the  Iloly 
Scriptures,  and  with  that  of  those  doctrinal 
writers  whose  purpose  the  Society  of  Friends 
has  recognised  not  as  setting  up  their  own 
private  views,  but  to  elucidate  the  spiritual 
and  scriptural  ground  of  those  views  which 
have  distinguished  them  more  or  less  from 
other  professors,  and  which  have  been  often 
confirmed  by  the  spiritually-minded  of  former 
periods  and  other  communions. 

"  The  Saviour  of  men  tells  us  '  The  kingdom 
of  heaven  is  like  unto  leaven,  which  a  wo*man 
took  and  hid  in  threo  measures  of  meal  till  the 
whole  was  leavened,'  beautifully  and  familiar- 
ly descriptive  of  a  silent  gradual  process  by 
•which  its  very  elements  are  changed  from 
life-destroying  to  life-giving  properties. 

"George  Fox  says.  '  The  work  of  the  Lord 
was  begun  and  carried  on  in  me,  even  from 
m}r  childhood,  so  that  when  eleven  years  of  j 
age  I  knew  pureness  and  righteousness;  for  j 
while  I  was  a  child  I  was  taught  how  to  walk  j 
so  as  to  be  kept  pure.' 

"Samuel  Fothergill — 'The  Redeemer  af- 
fords a  manifestation  of  his  Spirit  to  every 
man  if  he  resists  it  not;  it  gradually  enables' 
and  engages  him  to  join  heartily  in  concur- 1 
renee  with  its  operations.' 

"John  Griffith  says,  'But  I  have  not  so 
learned  Christ,  as  to  know  it  (conversion)  to  j 
be  an  instantaneous,  but  a  gradual  work.'  " 

"If  conversion  be  a  real  change  of  heart,' 
from  reprobation  to  grace,  from  a  state  of  na-j 
tare,  bearing  evil  fruit,  to  a  condition  of  fruit-! 
bearing,  as  branches  grafted  into  the  true  and  j 
living  Vine,  there  must  be  time  allowed  for 
it,  and  the  illustrations  in  our  Lord's  parables' 
seem  fittingly  to  betoken  this.  A  notable 
example  seems  also  found  of  it  in  the  case  of 
the  apostle  Peter  :  '  Simon,  Simon,  Satan  hath 
desh-ed  to  have  you  that  he  may  sift  you  as 
wheat;  but  I  have  prayed  for  tbee  that  thy I 
faith  fail  not,  and  when  thou  <irt  convertedA 
strengthen  thy  brethren.' 

"  Would  any  reasonably  urge  in  the  face  of 
this  that  Peter  was  neither  already  under  the 
process  of  conversion,  nor  that  anything  that 
followed,  until  his  bold  and  forcible  address 
on  the  day  of  Pentecost,  was  any  part  of  that 
process?  There  seems  to  me  a  remarkable 
chain  of  circumstances,  clearlj-  sustained,  as 
the  process  of  conversion  in  his  case  from 
even  before  this  statement  made  to  him  by 
his  Lord  and  Master,  and  including  the  denial 
of  Him  in  the  judgment  ball,  which  were  de-J 
signed  to  make  this  real  and  permanent, 
whilst  the  precise  time  when  is  never  stated 
or  indicated  after  all. 

"  In  conclusion,  I  can  but  suppose  that  all 
sober-minded,  truth-loving  Christians  must 
deprecate  this  wild  sensational  talk,  as  re- 
corded in  the  Daily  News,  being  contrary  to 
their  own  experience ;  and  it  were  cause  for 
deep  sorrow  were  such  addresses,  which  for 
the  moment  get  a  free  pass  from  their  excit- 
ing connection  with  sensuous  sounds  and 
choral  accompaniments,  to  be  mistaken  by 
those  seeking  for  something  they  have  not, 
yet  realised  as  pointing  out  a  better  way  than 


that  of  a  purer  faith  though  of  slower  growth, 
only  as  1  believe  to  be  sooner  or  later  unde- 
ceived." 


Dorothea  Scott. 

(Concluded  from  page  260.) 

From  the  tenor  of  a  letter  of  Dorothea  to 
Governor  Lovelace,  of  later  date,  the  editor 
surmises  that  the  Duke  of  York  took  pity  on 
the  unfortunate  widow,  and  that  her  impor- 
tunities were  rewarded  by  some  grant  of  land 
upon  Long  Island.  The  duke,  afterwards 
James  II.,  who  was  Lord  of  the  Admiralty, 
commanded  Samuel  Pepys,  the  Secretary  ofi 
the  Admiralty,  to  collect  evidence  against 
Scott.  He  accordingly  brought  togetber  a 
great  number  of  depositions  and  information! 
as  to  his  dishonest  proceedings  in  New  Eng- 
land, Long  Island,  Barbadoes,  France,  Hol-| 
land  and  England.  Curiously  it  appears  that 
Scott  was  a  mischievous,  illiterate  scamp,  who 
had  been  transported  to  foreign  parts,  and 
apprenticed  to  that  Lawrence  Soutbwick  who 
suffered  whipping,  imprisonment  and  fining, 
and  who  was  banished  in  1659,  with  his  aged 
wife  Cassandra. 

Samuel  Pepys  interviewed  Capt.  William 
Dyre  (afterwards  Dyer)  husband  of  Mary 
Dyer,  of  martyr  memory,  from  whom  he 
learned  that  the  adventurer  Scott  had  the  im- 
pudence to  make  his  addresses  to  ye  Lady 
Vane  [widow  of  the  distinguished  Sir  Henry 
Vane],  and  tftat  in  a  very  splendid  manner, 
and  had  not  death,  which  some  say  he  occa- 
sioned, put  a  period  to  her  days,  he  had  must 
miserably  deluded,  deceived  and  abused  her 
ladyship;  though  his  wife  was  living  at 
Southampton,  L.  I.,  at  the  time. 

For  the  share  Samuel  Pepys  took  in  in- 
criminating Scott,  he  was  made  to  pay  very 
dear,  through  the  persecution  brought  upon 
him.  Scott  joined  a  band  of  desperate  mal-j 
contents,  among  whom  was  Dr.  Titus  OatesJ 
who  batched  a  conspiracy  against  the  govern- 
ment as  well  as  against  Pepys  and  others, 
*known  as  the  Popish  Plot.  Pepys  made  a 
prompt  denial  of  the  charges  brought  against 
him,  but  was  committed  to  the  tower.  Hero 
he  lay  for  many  months,  "under  daily  men- 

*  The  Popish  plot  is  worthy  of  further  notice.  Titus 
Oates  is  said  to  have  been  a  Baptist  minister  before  the 
Reformation,  and  an  Episcopal  curate  after  it.  Left 
penniless  through  the  discovery  of  his  infamous  charac- 
ter, he  sought  to  obtain  his  bread  by  becoming  a  con- 
vert to  Catholicism,  and  entered  the  Jesuit  College  of 
St.  Omer.  The  Jesuits  becoming  tired  of  their  convert 
dismissed  him,  and  it  is  probable  that  resentment 
thereat  induced  him  to  contrive  the  "  Popish  Plot,  an 
infamous  and  perjured  fabrication."  Its  object  was  to 
give  the  Pope  the  possession  of  England,  to  shoot  or 
poison  the  king,  and  to  extirpate  Protestantism  by 
bloodshed.  Almost  universal  credence  was  given  to 
the  details  of  this  plot,  and  sundry  Catholic  peers  were 
sent  to  the  Tower;  2000  suspected  persons  hurried  to 
prison,  and  every  Catholic  ordered  to  leave  London. 
A  bill  was  forced  through  Parliament  which  excluded 
Catholics  from  a  seat  in  either  House,  which  continued 
in  force  for  a  century  and  a  half.  This  was  aimed 
against  the  Duke  of  York,  brother  of  the  king,  but  this 
scheme  of  Shaftesbury  was  defeated  by  a  proviso  in  the 
bill  which  exempted  James  from  its  operation.  The 
Protestants  were  in  a  frenzy  of  fear  and  indignation, 
and  a  new  proclamation  enjoined  the  arrest  of  every 
Catholic  in  the  realm,  and  a  series  of  judicial  murders 
began.  But  the  alarm  would  soon  have  worn  out  had 
it  been  supported  by  perjury  only.  By  accident  it  be- 
came public  that  Charles  was  in  the  service  of  Louis  of 
France,  and  that  England  was  dependent  on  a  foreign 
power  was  clearly  proved,  and  the  king's  treasurer,  the 
agent  in  the  negotiations  between  Charles  and  Louis, 
was  impeached  for  hi  li  treason. 


aces  of  prosecution  for  his  life."  He  here  em- 
ployed himself  and  agents  in  obtaining  evi- 
dence for  his  defence  and  to  prove  the  treason 
of  Scott.  As  Scott  long  absented  himself',  the 
trial  could  not  be  brought  on,  and  Pepys  was 
dischaiged  on  the  last  day  of  the  Term  of 
court,  but  resolved  to  appeal  to  Parliament 
in  order  to  obtain  satisfaction  for  the  wrongs 
that  had  been  done  him  and  those  joined  with 
him.  Accordingly  Dorothea  Gotherson  was 
solicited  to  impart  all  the  information  she  had 
respecting  Scott's  conduct  towards  her  hus- 
band and  towards  her  son.  Other  informa- 
tion was  gleaned  laying  bare  the  infamy  of  his 
life.  Scott  bad  escaped  to  Norway.  Pepys 
was  reinstated  as  Secretary  to  the  Admiralty 
and  made  some  movement  for  bringing  his 
enemy  to  England  for  trial  for  his  participa- 
tion in  plots,  etc.,  but  Scott's  friends  retained 
him  abroad  until  1690,  and  obtained  a  full 
pardon  for  him  from  William  III.  in  that 
year,  when  he  returned  homo  and  his  name 
disappears  from  the  State  papers. 

Colonel  Scott  appears  by  his  confession  to 
have  been  an  active  agent  in  the  Popish  plot, 
and  to  have  been  in  the  employ  of  Shaftes- 
bury. His  career  is  unworthy  of  notice  ex- 
cept as  a  foil  to  the  virtues  of  Dorothea,  and 
as  an  illustration  of  how  much  evil  an  un- 
trained and  neglected  waif,  who  developed 
into  a  scheming,  plausible,  and  unprincipled 
adventurer  may  effect,  and  bow  such  men 
trouble  the  political  waters  and  become  im- 
plicated in  the  greatest  crimes.  His  career 
may  be  regarded  as  an  instance  where,  by 
means  most  unlooked  for,  the  scion  of  a  noble 
house  was  transferred  to  America,  and  how 
God  has  used  even  the  crimes  of  men  to  "  sift 
England  and  to  plant  here  the  choicest  of  tho 
wheat." 

Samuel  Pepys,  afterward  President  of  the 
Roj-al  Society,  Secretary  to  the  Admiralty 
during  the  i-eign  of  Charles  II.  and  James  II., 
was  author  of  the  famous  "Pepys'  Diary," 
which,  for  150  years  remained  locked  up  in 
cypher  in  the  Pepysian  Library,  Cambridge, 
until  it  was  decypbered  and  published  in  1825. 
It  is  now  esteemed  "the  best  book  of  its  kind 
in  the  English  language,  and  marvellously 
entertaining.  The  times  and  the  man  peep 
out  in  a  thousand  odd  circumstances  and 
amusing  expressions.  Itisesteemed  the  ablest 
picture  of  the  age  in  which  the  writer  lived, 
and  a  work  of  standard  importance  in  Eng- 
lish Literature."  His  administration  of  the 
admiralty  is  regarded  as  a  model  of  order  and 
economy. 

The  editor  of  this  interesting  account  of 
Dorothea  informs  us  that  "for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  few  epistolary  relics  contained 
herein,  we  are  indebted  to  the  careful  business- 
like habits  of  Samuel  Pepys,"  *  *  "who 
was  long  put  to  the  greatest  trouble,  expense 
'and  vexation,  before  he  could  effectually  clear 
himself  from  the  malicious  aspersions  cast 
I  upon  him."  That  Dorothea  Gotherson  and 
Dorothea  Hogben  were  identical,  appears 
from  the  papers  of  Pepys,  from  which  it  would 
also  appear  that  much  of  the  material  enter- 
ing into  the  story  of  Dorothea  has  been  de- 
rived, though  at  the  cost  of  great  labor  on 
the  part  of  the  intelligent  editor. 

In  about  1670,  Dorothea  married  a  gentle- 
man of  good  family  in  Kent,  named  Hogben, 
by  which  union  her  fortune  may  have  been 
amended.  The  English  estate  of  the  Gother- 
sons  was  at  length  sold,  and  Dorotbea  and 
her  family  embarked  in  the  autumn  of  16S0, 


268 


THE    FRIEND. 


for  Oyster  Bay  on  Long  Island,  where  be 
husband  bad,  in  1033,  purchased  a  few  acres 
of  land. 

Dorothea  docs  not  appear  to  have  long  en- 
joyed the  repose  her  removal  to  the  "new 
world  promised  to  her  troubled  spirit,  but 
closed  her  career  soon  after  her  arrival. 

A  younger  daughter,  Dorothea,  married 
after  their  arrival  John  Davis,  a  Welsh  emi- 
grant, one  of  the  sect  called  "Singing  Qua- 
kers," who  resided  at  Oyster  Bay,  in  1(383. 
These  "Singing  Quakers"  were  not  Friends, 
though  they  assumed  the  name  of  "New 
Quakers."  Tbey  were  followers  of  Thomas 
Case,  and  annoyed  Friends  of  Long  Island 
and  other  places  by  attending  their  meetings 
and  giving  themselves  much  license  in  sing- 
ing, dancing  and  what  they  deemed  '  heavenly 
raptures.'  Friends  publicly  denied  affilia- 
tion with  them  and  their  doctrines,  although 
many  of  those  people  were  doubtless  well- 
meaning  though  misguided  enthusiasts. 

John  Davis  is  described  as  "  pious  and  con- 
sistent," and  with  his  family  joined  theSociety 
of  Friends  after  the  settlement  in  Pilesgrove 
township,  Salem  county,  N.  J.,  about  1705, 
near  the  present  site  of  Woodstown.  He 
lived  to  the  age  of  one  hundred  years.  From 
him,  through  his  son  Judge  David  Davis,  of 
the  same  county,  already  noticed  herein,  have 
descended  many  worth}'  citizens  resident  in 
Southern  New  Jersey  and  in  Philadelphia. 

The  reader  of  "  Dorothea  Scott"  will  per- 
ceive that  she  had  fallen  on  evil  days,  both 
private  and  political.  The  civil  war  between 
the  Royalists  and  Parliamentarians;  the  exe 
cution  of  the  tyrannical  king  and  the  barbar 
ous  murder  of  his  judges  ;  the  intolerant  ex 
cesses  in  New  England,  exhibited  in  the  per- 
secution of  the  harmless  Friends  by  those 
who  fled  from  home  to  enjoy  religious  free- 
dom ;  the  ignorance  and  fanaticism  illustrated 
in  the  fearful  delusion  of  witchcraft ;  the  re- 
turn to  Puritan  England  of  the  thoroughly 
debauched  Charles  11. ;  the  infamous  Popish 
Plot  and  the  official  murders  which  followed, 
the  frenzied  fear  of  the  Jesuits,  the  severities 
heaped  upon  Friends  resulting  therefrom, 
and  harassing  private  troubles,  were  all  well 
known  to  her;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  she 
suffered  from  imprisonment,  tines  or  distraint 
for  tythes,  which  burdened  so  many  of  the 
faithful  in  those  trying  days.  The  careful 
reader  of  the  history  of  those  times  will  per- 
ceive that  the  Protector  and  King  are  not 
wholly  responsible  for  the  persecutions  en- 
dured by  the  Friends,  and  will  believe  that  a 
measure  of  toleration  would  have  been  granted 
bad  not  the  nation  been  passing  through  a 
political  crisis,  and  had  not  the  Anglican 
priests  hounded  on  the  authorities  to  perse- 
cute for  the  better  maintenance  of  their  own 
congregations  and  their  livings. 

To  the  energy  and  acumen  of  the  industri- 
ous antiquarian  editor,  a  lineal  descendant  of  I 
Dorothea  [Scott]  C4otherson  and  David  Davis, 
who  has  opened  a  page  of  two  centuries  past, 
•we  are  indebted  for  the  memorial  of  her  life 
and  troubled  experience,  and  the  evidences  of 
her  godly  zeal  for  the  promotion  of  the  cause 
of  Christ  amid  a  wicked  and  gainsaying  gen- 
eration. Dorothea  Seott  was  a  woman  of 
character  above  most  of  her  age,  and  her  vir- 
tues are  well  worthy  of  commemoration  by 
readers  of  this  day,  and  especially  by  her 
many  descendants  in  America,  for  whose 
benefit  her  story  has  been  at  this  lato  period 
revived  and  printed.  J.  S.  L. 


THE  WOOD  THRUSH. 

BY    E.   S.   SMITH. 

One  misty  morn  in  .springtime,  when  clouds  wer 

Hie  sky, 
We  wandered  out  together,  my  little  boy,  and  I ; 
We  could  not  wait  for  sunshine;  we  yearned  to  see  the 


Whose  beauty  had  not  cheered  i 
hours. 


for  many  long,  dark 


I  said  that  it  was  springtime,  but  winter  lingered  still 
We  felt  his  breathing  in  the  blast  that  blew  from  ol 

the  hill, 
And  we  saw  his  cold  white  garments,  though  sadly  rent, 

and  stained, 
In  many  a  lingering  patch  of  snow  that  here  and  there 

remained. 

We  hunted  vainly  for  the  flowers;  they  hid  themselves 

away, 
And  folded  up  their  pretty  robes,  to  wear  some  brighter 

day; 
But  we  heard  the  murmur  of  a  brook,  and  hastened 

where  it  flowed, 
To  see  if  any  sign  of  spring  its  leaping  waters  showed. 

E'en  there   the   scene   was   cheerless ;    those  wavelets 

seemed  to  flow 
As  do  the  languid  tear-drops  adown  the  cheeks  of  woe  ; 
While  shivering  trees,  that  stood  around  with  branches 

grim  and  bare, 
Made  piteous  moans,  like  human  things  oppressed  with 

grief  and  care. 

The  child  looked  sadly  in  my  face;  his  eyes  began  to 

fill, 
For  disappointment  o'er  his  hopes  was  breathing  blight 

and  chill  ; 
When  lo!  a  sweet  and  gladsome  sound,  a  joy-inspiring 


Broke  from  the  leall 
the  plain. 

Louder,  and  clearer,  rose  the  song;  the  trees  forgot  to 

moan; 
The  waters  of  the  brook  leaped  up,  and  caught  that 

merry  tone ; 
My   young  companion   caught  it  too;   he  clapped  hi 

hands  and  smiled, 
And  shouted  forth  the  happy  thoughts  that  now  hi 

heart  beguiled. 

Uprose  that  music  to  the  cloud. 
them,  too, 

For  soon    a   little    sunbeam   came   peeping,   smiling, 
through  ; 

While  murky  mists,  from  hill  and   vale,  crept  noise- 
lessly away. 

Like  guilty  creatures  forced  to  flee  by  some  enchanter's 
lay. 

We  could  not  see  the  warbler 

was  nigh  ; 
Yet  still  he  sought  to  hide  himself  from  each 

eye, 
Like  rare  and  modest  natures,  that,  still  unseen,  pursue 
The  pure  and  noble  duties,  God  sets  for  them  to  do. 

We  could  not  see  the  warbler,  yet  well  I  knew  his  voice  : 
Tts  carol  many  a  time  before  had  bid  my  heart  rejoice  ; 
And  I  told  my  young  companion  the  history  of  the  bird,' 
Whose  joyous  notes  still  o'er  our  heads  in  every  pause 
we  heard. 

I  told  about  its  form,  and  hue,  its  plumage  and  its  nam< 
And  how,  at  early  springtime,  so  punctually  it  came 
From   Southern   groves,  to   build   its  nest  within  ou 

colder  bowers, 
And  cheer  us,  with  its  music,  through  all  all  the  sun: 


branches  near^and  echoed  o'< 


id  seemed  to  pierce 


hough  we  knew  that  he 


iring 


hours. 


1,"  said  I,  "  mark  what  I've 


"  And  now,  my  darling  cl 

yet  to  tell 
About  this  woodland  songster,  and  ponder  o'er  it  well  : 
He  does  not  get  discouraged,  like  a  foolish  little  boy, 
When  he  can  see  before  him  no  prospect  bright  with  joy. 
"  But  with  the  pure  devotion  that  warms  a  loving  heart, 
He  seeks,  amid  misfortune,  some  comfort  to  impart; 
When  still  the  sky  is  darkest,  the  day  most  dull  and 

d  rear, 
He  pours  abroad  his  melody,  to  gladden  and  to  cheer." 

My  listener  marked   the  lesson.     He  found  no  flowers 

that  day, 
But  richer  was  he  going  home,  than  when  he  came  away 
For  his  little  heart  remembered,  full  faithfully  and  long, 
mple  of  the  wood-bird'e  cheerful  song. 


The  beautiful  i 


For  "  The  Friend."      ! 

To  the  Philadelphia  Association  of  Friends  for  j] 
the  Instruction  of  Poor  Children. 
The  Managers  report  that  the  school  under  J 
their  care,  has  been  regularly  in  session  dur-  I 
ing  the  past  year,  and  with  a  few  exceptions  I 
has  been  visited  semi-monthly,  by  committees 
of  the  board,  their  reports  showing  the  school 
to  have  been  in  a  satisfactory  condition. 

The  Managers  believe  that  advantage  to 
the  school  arose  from  the  employment  of  a 
second  assistant  teacher,  alluded  to  in  our 
last  report,  but  recognizing  that  our  reduced  I 
income  would  not  justify  the  employment  of  j 
more  than  two  teachers,  her  services  were  dis- 
pensed with  at  the  close  of  the  term  previous 
to  the  summer  vacation,  and  the  school  is 
now  in  charge  of  the  same  two  Friends  who 
have  satisfactorily  served  us  for  several  years 
past 

At  the  time  of  our  last  report,  the  Class 
List  numbered  85.  Since  then  there  have 
been  admitted  75,  of  whom  7  were  re-admis- 
sions, and  85  have  been  taken  from  the  roll, 
leaving  a  class  list  at  present  of  75.  The 
average  daily  attendance  has  been  56.  The 
greatest  number  reported  present  at  any  time 
was  66. 

The  punctuality  of  the  children  at  roll  call, 
mentioned  in  last  report,  continues,  to  our 
satisfaction.  Many  of  the  children  on  first 
ntering  the  school  show  that  they  have 
nown  but  little  of  proper  restraint,  or  disci- 
pline at  home,  but  in  the  course  of  a  few 
weeks  they  readily  submit  to  the  rules  of  the 
school,  and  the  Managers  seldom  have  their 
attention  called  to  cases  of  disorder. 

The  progress  of  the  pupils  in  their  studies 
we  believe  is  quite  equal,  if  not  beyond,  what 
we  might  reasonably  expect.  As  the  children 
become  sufficiently  advanced  to  attend  other 
schools,  thejT  are  encouraged  to  do  so,  and 
leave  room  for  younger  ones,  and  for  such  as, 
from  any  cause,  would  not  receive  an  educa- 
tion elsewhere. 

It  is  believed  that  the  school  is  now  more 
nearly  in  accordance  with  the  desire  of  the 
Association  in  this  respect,  than  it  has  been 
for  several  years  past. 

As  heretofore,  children  who  would  be  pre- 
vented from  attending  school,  by  want  of 
sufficient  clothing,  especially  shoes,  have  been 
supplied  by  the  Principal,  and  the  expense 
met  by  contributions  from  the  same  interested 
friends  who  for  several  years  have  so  gener- 
ousty  contributed  to  this  object. 

In  conclusion,  we  would  express  the  belief 
that  the  concern  of  our  Association  for  this 
class  of  children  continues  to  be  a  blessing  to 
them,  and  would  encourage  the  members  to 
keep  alive  their  interest  in  the  work,  and  this 
we  think  would  bepromoted  bj'a  more  general 
and  regular  attendance  at  the  meetings. 
Geo.  Abbott,  Jr., 
Clerk  Board  of  Managers. 

Italian  Development. — No  better  illustration  It 
perhaps  could  be  given  of  the  rapid  develop- 
ment of  Italy  since  it  was  successful  in  shak- 
ing off  foreign  and  priestly  domination,  than 
the  fact  that  the  length  of  the  railways  in 
operation  in  the  Peninsula  has  increased  from 
820  miles  in  1861,  to  5.722  miles  in  1881,  and 
that  there  are  now  over  201)0  miles  more  un- 
der construction.  The  silk  manufacture  is 
now  being  so  successfully  prosecuted  in  Italy, 
that  it  is  having  an  effect  on  the  imports  of  |n 
this  class  of  goods  from  France,  and  Pome 


THE    FRIEND. 


169 


ast  treading  on  tbe  heels  of  Paris  in  the 
nanufacture  of  fancy  goods,  for  which  the 
atter  capital  has  been  so  long  celebrated. 
Ill  this  is  producing  a  perceptible  change  in 
he  habits  and  style  of  living  among  the 
talian  people.  It  is  costing  more  money,  it 
3  true,  but  their  enjoyment  of  life  is  greater, 
nd,  as  wages  are  increasing,  they  can  afford 
o  spend  more. 

The  standard  of  comfort  among  all  classes 
f  the  Italian  people  has  been  raised  in  a  sen- 
ible  degree  since  she  became  united  under 
ne  government,  with  free  and  popular  insti- 
utions  ;  and  no  better  or  more  conclusive 
■roof  could  be  given  of  the  success  of  the  new 
;overnment  than  this. 

The  criminal  statistics  of  Italy  also  afford 
ery  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  great  im- 
Tovement  which  has  recently  taken  place  in 
he  social  habits  of  the  people.  In  Italy,  capi- 
at punishment  is  inflicted  upon  those  only 
vho  have  been  convicted  of  murder  in  a  very 
iggravated  form.  In  1881  there  were  68  exe- 
:utions — and  this,  under  these  circumstances, 
:ompares  unfavorably  with  the  condition  of 
hings  in  this  country;  but  when  we  bear  in 
nind,  that  so  recently  as  the  year  1858,  there 
vere  623  atrocious  assassinations    in    Sicily 


Silent  Times. 

In  one  of  our  larger  colleges  for  girls  a 
special  feature  of  the  daily  life  of  the  house- 
hold is  the  morning  and  evening  "  silent  time." 
At  the  opening  and  closing  of  tbe  day  there 
is  a  brief  period,  marked  by  the  strokes  of  the 
bell,  in  which  all  the  house  is  quiet.  Every 
pupil  is  in  her  room.  There  is  no  conversa- 
tion. No  step  is  heard  in  the  corridors.  The 
whole  great  house  is  as  quiet  as  if  all  its  five 
hundred  inmates  were  sleeping.  There  is  no 
positively  prescribed  way  of  spending  these 
silent  minutes  in  the  rooms,  but  it  is  under- 
stood that  all  whoso  hearts  so  incline  them 
shall  devote  the  time  to  devotional  reading, 
meditation,  and  prayer.  At  least,  tbe  design 
in  establishing  this  period  of  quiet  as  part  of 
the  daily  life  of  tbe  school,  is  to  give  oppor- 
tunity for  such  devotional  exercises,  and  by 
its  solemn  hush  to  suggest  to  all  the  fitness, 
and  helpfulness,  and  the  need,  of  such  periods 
of  communion  with  God.  The  bell  that  calls 
for  silence  also  calls  to  thought  and  prayer, 
and  even  the  most  indifferent  must  be  affected 
by  its  continual  recurrence. 

Every  true  Christian  life  needs  its  daily 
"silent  times,"  when  all  shall  be  still,  when 
the  busy  activities  of  other  hours  shall  cease. 


done,  we  can  form  some  conception  of  the  anj  wnen  tne  heart,  in  bolv  hush,  shall  com- 
:ontrast  which  the  state  of  the  country  now  lmme  witQ  God  0ne  of  the  greatest  needs 
)resents.  The  experience  of  our  party  with  0f  Christian  life  to-day  is  the  revival  of  devo- 
.be  Italian  people  was  so  limited,  that  any  tion.  Ours  is  not  an  ae;e  of  prayer  so  much 
>pinion  we  could  form  of  them  was,  perhaps,  ja9  of  wor|-  Tl)e  tendency  is  to  action  rather 
)f  no  great  value.  So  far  as  it  went,  however,  than  to  worship;  to  busy  toil  rather  than  to 
t  was  most  favorable.  We  could  find  little  quiet  8itting  at  the  Saviour's  feet  to  commune 
>r  no  trace  of  those  dishonest  tricks  with|with  jjim;  xho  key-note  of  our  present 
vhieh  they  are  frequently  credited  in  the  Christian  life  is  consecration,  which  is  under- 
side books,  and  we  were  everywhere  re-  stood  t0  mean  devotion  to  active  service.  On 
ieived  with  the  greatest  civility  and  courtesy,  every  hand  we  are  incited  to  work.  Our  zeal 
rheir  politeness  and  readiness  to  assist  stran-  is  stj1Tecl  by  every  inspiring  incentive.  The 
rers  when  in  a  difficulty,  even  at  some  incon-!ca)ls  t0  duty  conle  to  us  from  a  thousand 
renience  to  themselves,  were  particularly  no-  earnest  voices. 

iceable.— J.  H.  in  British  Fritnd.  ffc  all  need  to  get  into  the  course  of  our 

lives  many  quiet  hours,  when  we  shall  sit 
alone  with  Christ,  in  personal  communion 
Curious  Needles. — One  of  these  is  tbe  famous  |wjth  Him,  listening  to  his  voice,  and  renew- 
leedle  presented  to  the  German  Emperor  last  jing  our  wasted  strength  from  his  fulness. 
rear,  under  circumstances  of  interest.  The  .Busy  men  need  such  periods,  for  their  days 
)ld  Kaiser  had  paid  a  visit  to  the  great  needle  lof  toil,  care,  and  struggle,  tend  to  wear  out 
'actory  at  Kreuznach,  in  order  to  see  whatjthc  fibre  of  their  spiritual  life  and  exhaust 
nachinery,  combined  with  the  human  band,  ■  their  inner  strength.  Zealous  women  need 
:ould  produce.  He  was  shown  a  number  of  such  silent  times,  for  there  are  many  things 
mperfine  needles,  thousands  of  which  together '  \n  their  daily  household  and  social  life  to  ex 
lid  not  weigh  half  an  ounce,  and  marveled  haust  their  supplies  of  grace, 
low  such  minute  objeets  could  be  pierced  with 
in  eye.  The  borer — that  is,  the  workingman 
.vhose  business  it  is  to  bore  the  eye  in  these 
leedles — asked  for  a  hair  from  the  monarch's 
lead.  It  was  readily  given,  and  with  a  smile. 
3e  placed  it  at  once  under  the  boring  ma- 
;hine,  made  a  hole  in  it  with  the  greatest 
;are,  furnished  it  with  a  thread,  and  then 
landed  the  singular  needle  to  the  astonished 
ring.  The  second  curious  needle  is  in  the 
lossession  of  Queen  Victoria.  It  was  made 
it  the  celebrated  needle  manufactory  at  Red- 
liteh,  and  represents  the  Column  of  Trajan 
n  miniature.  This  well-known  Roman  column 
s  adorned  with  numerous  scenes  in  sculp- 
ture, which  immortalize  Trajan's  heroic  ac- 
tions in  war.  On  this  diminutive  needle, 
scenes  in  the  life  of  Queen  Victoria  are  repre- 
lented  in  relief,  but  so  finely  cut  and  so  small 
;hat  it  requires  a  magnifying  glass  to  see 
,hem.  The  Victoria  needle  can,  moreover. 
3e  opened.  It  contains  a  number  of  needles 
)f  small  size,  which  are  equally  adorned  with 
»cenes  in  relief. 


1  Christian  man  of  intense  business  enter- 
prise and  activity  was  laid  aside  by  sickness. 
He  who  never  would  intermit  his  labors  was 
compelled  to  come  to  a  dead  halt.  His  rest 
less  limbs  were  stretched  motionless  on  the 
bed.  He  was  so  weak  that  he  could  scarcely 
utter  a  word.  Speaking  to  a  friend  of  the 
contrast  between  his  condition  now  and  when 
he  had  been  driving  his  immense  business,  be 
said  :  "  Now  I  am  groining.  I  have  been  run 
ning  my  soul  thin  by  my  activity.  Now  I 
am  growing  in  tbe  knowledge  of  myself  and 
of  some  things  which  most  intimately  con 
cern  me." 

No  doubt  there  are  many  of  us  who  art 
running  our  souls  thin  by  our  incessant  ac 
tion,  without  finding  quiet  hours  for  feeding 
and  waiting  upon  God.  Blessed  then  is  sick 
ness,  or  sorrow,  or  any  experience  that  com 
pels  us  to  stop,  that  takes  the  work  out  of  our 
hands  for  a  little  season,  that  empties  our 
hearts  of  their  thousand  cares,  and  turns  them 
toward  God  to  be  taught  of  Him. 

But  why  should  we  wait  for  sickness  or 


sorrow  to  compel  into  our  lives  these  neces- 
sary quiet  hours?  Why  should  we  not  train 
ourselves  every  day  to  go  apart  for  a  little 
season  from  the  noisy-  chilling  world,  to  look 
nto  God's  face  and  into  our  own  hearts,  to 
earn  the  things  we  need  so  much  to  learn, 
and  to  draw  secret  strength  and  life  from  the 
fountain  of  life  in  God?  George  Herbert's 
quaint  lines  contain  wise  counsel: 
By  all  means  use  sometimes  to  be  alone; 

Salute  thyself;  see  what  thy  soul  doth  wear. 
Dare  to  look  in  thy  chest— for  'tis  thine  own— 

And  tumble  up  and  down  what  thou  tind'st  there.'i 
With  these  sacred  "silent  limes"  in  every 
day  of  toil  and  struggle,  we  shall  be  always 
■strong  and  "  prepared  unto  every  good  work." 
Waiting  thus  upon  God  we  shall  daily  renew 
our  wasted  strength,  and  be  able  to  run  and 
not  be  weary,  to  walk  and  not  faint,  and  to 
mount  up  with  wings  as  eagles  in  bold  spirit- 
flights.—,?.  S.  Times. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Iquatic  Spiders. — A  writer  in  American 
Naturalist  says,  that  while  he  was  waiting 
beside  a  mill-pond,  on  a  mild,  balmy  day  in 
the  early  spring,  with  a  slight  wind  blowing, 
but  not  enough  to  ruffle  the  surface  of  the 
water,  he  noticed  a  spider  let  himself  down 
into  the  water  from  one  of  the  trees  border- 
ing on  the  pond  ;  and  as  soon  as  it  reached 
the  water  tbe  web  was  severed,  with  such  a 
length  attached  to  its  body,  as  to  act  as  a  sail, 
and  serve  to  propel  it,  with  the  favoring  breeze, 
to  the  other  side. 

Numerous  spiders  followed  the  same  pro- 
cedure, with  webs  of  varying  length,  from 
three  to  eight  feet. 

Intelligence  in  a  Cat. — One  summer,  during 
our  absence,  the  house  and  pets  being  left 
with  a  faithful  servant,  Dick,  a  rare  and 
highly-prized  canary,  escaped  by  a  loose  wire 
in  bis  cage.  The  cat  saw  him,  but  did  not 
recognize  the  bird  in  the  tree  as  tbe  canary 
of  the  cage,  so  caught  him,  and,  as  usual  with 
her  prey,  came  to  the  house  to  be  praised. 
The  girl  saw  little  Dick,  and  taking  him  away 
— though  dead — suddenly  seized  the  cat,  and 
attempted,  with  a  hatchet,  to  cut  her  head 
off.  Fortunately  for  the  cat,  tbe  edge  was 
dull  and  tbe  aim  poor,  so  only  a  little  fur  was 
cut,  and  she  escaped  to  the  barn. 

From  this  time  on  only  faint  glimpses  were 
seen  of  puss  for  nearly  a  month,  despite  kindly 
calling  and  coaxing  morsels;  but  on  our  re- 
turn, we  had  not  been  in  the  house  a  half 
hour  before  puss  came  in,  delighted  to  see  and 
welcome  us.  From  that  day  till  two  years 
after,  when  she  died,  every  time  the  deathly7 
hatchet  was  taken  up  by  the  girl  to  split 
kindlings,  pound  steak,  or  what  not,  the  cat 
would  rush  away  as  though  pursued.  The 
rest  of  the  family  could  use  the  same  hatchet, 
and  for  tbe  same  purposes,  as  much  as  we 
pleased,  and  she  would  sit  quietly  byT. — -Mary 
E.  Holmes,  in  American  Naturalist. 

An  Ancient  Lens. — A.  II.  Layard,  in  his 
"Nineveh  and  Babylon,"  describes  a  lens 
which  he  found  in  the  course  of  his  excava- 
tions, and  which  is  now  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. This  lens  is  thus  referred  to  by  Layard  : 
"  With  the  glass  bowls  was  discovered  a  rock 
crystal  lens,  with  opposite  convex  and  plane 
faces.  Its  properties  could  hardly  have  been 
unknown  to  the  Assyrians,  and  we  have  con- 
sequently the  earliest  specimen  of  a  magnify- 
ing and  burning  glass." 

Mine  on  Fire. — The  Scotia  coal  mine,  Mac- 


270 


THE    FRIEND. 


can,  Cumberland  county,  Nova  Scotia,  is  on 
fire.  The  scam  worked  from  baa  frequently 
given  trouble  by  taking  fire.  As  the  works 
extended  refuse  coal  has  fallen  from  the  roof, 
&c,  and  gradually  heated  and  ignited.  The 
eastern  portion  of  the  Scotia  mine  has  been 
in  a  state  of  slow  combustion  for  several 
years.  The  presence  of  fire  was  felt  during 
the  summer,  and  the  old  works  were  built 
off.  It  was  hoped  the  precautions  then  adopt- 
ed would  have  made  the  mine  secure  during 
the  winter.  There  were  a  number  of  similar 
fires  last  year  in  the  Bennett  level  of  the  same 
seam.  The  fires  were  at  last  successfully  ex- 
tinguished. The  last  fire  caused  the  death  of 
several  persons,  and  resulted  in  the  sealing 
and  flooding  of  the  level,  which  still  remains 
closed. 

Medical  Inspection. — According  to  a  new 
regulation  the  municipal  schools  of  Paris  are 
now  regularly  visited  each  fortnight  by  ap- 
proved medical  inspectors.  These  look  care- 
fully at  the  children  in  their  class-rooms,  and 
in  the  event  of  their  discovering  signs  of  a 
contagious  disorder  the  teacher  is  communi- 
cated with  and  the  child  sent  home  to  receive 
a  subsequent  call  from  the  doctor.  The  mu- 
nicipality employ  126  physicians  for  this 
purpose,  and  expect  to  materially  diminish 
measles,  mumps,  scarlet  fever  and  the  like, 
by  such  attention. 

Cholera  Germs. — The  German  Medical  Com- 
missioners who  visited  Alexandria  to  study 
the  origin  of  the  plague  there  last  fall,  and 
later  went  to  India  for  a  similar  purpose,  re- 
port that  they  have  found  the  same  kind  of 
parasite  in  a  water  tank  in  Calcutta,  and  in 
a  suburban  village  whore  the  cholera  appear- 
ed, that  was  discovered  in  the  intestines  of 
the  victims  of  the  last  plague  in  Egypt, 

California  Phenomena.— In  the  Los  Angeles 
'Herald,  appears  the  statement  of  the  discovery 
of  a  vast  bed  of  crystals  of  rock  salt,  to  which 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  is  building,  or 
has  built  a  connecting  branch.  In  laying  the 
track  to  the  saltmine,  they  have  been  obliged 
to  grade  the  road  for  1,200  feet  with  blocks  of 
these  beautiful  lumps  of  salt  crystals.  This 
is  the  first  instance  of  a  railroad  road-bed  be- 
ing laid  and  ballasted  in  salt,  of  which  we 
have  any  knowledge.  The  sea  that  once  roll- 
ed over  this  place  dried  up  and  left  a  vast  bed 
of  salt,  about  fifty  miles  in  length.  The  quality 
is  superb,  and  the  supply  inexhaustible.  Grass- 
hoppers of  enormous  size,  and  giant  centipedes, 
have  been  here  pickled  in  this  chloride  of  so- 
dium, and  are  to-day,  after  the  lapse  of  cen- 
turies, in  full  size  and  perfection  of  shape,  as 
effectually  settled  in  substance  as  Lot's  wife. 
This  vast  salt  bed  will  be  very  valuable  to  the 
reducers  of  ores  in  California,  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico,  and  can  be  supplied  in  bound- 
less quantities. 

Drying  of  Tulare  Lake. — The  rapid  drying 
up  of  Tulare  Lake,  in  ( ialifornia,  is  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  geographical  changes  in  this 
country  within  historical  times.  A  few  years 
ago  the  lake  was  thirty-three  miles  long  by 
twent3r-one  miles  wide,  and  now  it  is  but  fif- 
teen miles  long,  and  has  an  average  width  ol 
less  than  eight  miles. 

The  extensive  system  of  irrigation  recently 
put  in  operation  in  the  vicinity,  is  supposed 
to  cause  this  subsidence.  Nearly  all  the  riv- 
ers and  brooks  which  flow  into  the  lake  have 
been  partially  or  entirely  diverted  to  minister 
to  the  reclamation  ol' arid  districts  for  agri- 
cultural purposes. 


Oiling  Waves.  —  All  the  Broughty  Ferry 
(England),  fishing  fleet  were  lately  provided 
with  cans  of  oil,  and  at  a  recent  meeting,  sev- 
eral of  the  fishermen  said  that  the  oil  had  been 
of  great  service.  A  large  steamer  in  course 
of  construction  at  Dundee  is  being  fitted  with 
a  tank  to  contain  120  gallons  of  oil,  to  be  used 
when  passing  through  a  heavy  sea,  lowering 
a   life-boat,  or  other  emergencies. 

Sagacity  of  a  Sheep  Dog. — Collie  dogs  are 
noted  for  the  manner  in  which  they  under- 
stand their  master's  wishes.     The  following 
nccdote  was  sent  me  by  a  Scotch  gentleman. 

"  For  several  years  within   the  last  half- 
century,  a  deceased  friend  of  mine  was 
tensiv  " 


a  truckling  and  cowering  disposition  among  th 
lower  classes,  creates  dissensions  and  enmities  i 
every  class,  alienates  the  affections  of  the  gradual 
from  the  college,  and  stifles  the  full  expression  < 
college  sentiment  by  its  control  of  the  college  press. 
It  was  defeated  by  a  tie  vote. 

— A  Strange  Delusion. — A  ''  religio-philosophical 
sect  in  Boston  holds  that  disease  is  caused  by  th 
absence  of  God  from  the  body,  and  that  it  can  b 
cured  by  the  passage  of  the  Divine  effluence  froi 
the  well  to  the  sick  as  they  sit  with  their  spines  i: 
contact.  The  Boston  Advertiser  says  it  number 
among  its  votaries  "  people  of  influence  and  promi 
nence,  and  some  whose  names  are  as  familiar  a 
household  words."  To  which  the  Christian  Adoc 
cote  sarcastically  adds :  "  We  do  not  doubt  it.    It  i 

ry   a  deceased  mend  oi  mine  was  ex-ja  proverb  3,000 years  old, that  there  is  no  fool equl 

ely  engaged  in  the  wool  trade,  and  was  to  a  learned  fool." 


-Duelling  in  Austria. — Austria  is  still  clinging  t 
e  barharous  customs.     A  lieutenant  who  declin 

challenge  from  a  brother  officer  has  been  con 
ned  to  loss  of  rank.     The  "disgraced"  office 

that  his  religion,  his  common  sense,  and  h" 
fictions  prevented  him  from  engaging  in  a  due! 

so-called  "  Court  of  Honor"  defied  common 
le,  and  both  civil  and  ecclesiastical  law  ;  and  ye 
udgnient  will  stand,  because  public  opinion  tole 
|  rates  this  mode  of  settling  affairs  of  honor.  An  Engi 
■-     'most  incredible  that 


a  considerable  buyer  in  Dumfriesshire.  In 
one  of  these  journeys,  after  a  forty  miles' 
drive  in  his  gig,  he  reached  the  house  of  a  hill 
farmer  in  that  county,  arriving  just  at  the 
close  of  the  day.  The  farmer  told  him  that 
his  samples  of  wool  were  at  some  distance 
from  the  house,  and  that  he  would  submit 
them  for  inspection  on  the  following  morning. 
My  friend   met  with   a  hospitable  reception, 

and  as  the   hours  of  evening  glided   on,  the!  jj^  j Taper  regards  it 

conversation  turned  on  the  management  of  a  c„stoni  should  still  be  in  favor  in  a  Christian  couni 
sheep  and  cattle,  and  especiallj'  on  a  fine  breed ,  try  like  Austria.  This  reminds  us  of  the  fact  that 
of  shepherd-dogs  possessed  by  the  farmer.  |  up  to  a  year  or  so  ago,  the  English  law  permittei 
"  Early  in  the  morning  all  were  astir,  and  resort  to  broad  swords  in  certain  cases ;  and  it  wa, 
the  farmer  and  his  visitor  left  the  bouse  for  only  when  .yletWidant  otbaed  to  purge  himself  b; 
,,  „  .    .  ,       ,.„,         ,,.     ,     this  ordeal  that  Parliament  was  asked  to  repeal  tin 

the  purpose  oi  examining  the  different  kinds  M.^w  whi(.h  had  ^  Um^  ]uvn  u]^Mc  (h> t  u  ^ 

of  wool.     But  great  was  the  astonishment  of  Deeu  forgotten. 

my  friend  when   he  reached  a  level  patch  of(  „  ..'„.,        .    „,   ■ ,     m..  .„ 

,    ,     .  ,.    ,     ,.,,      „,!,„,,   4i'„  „  ,„      I      — Meiiiiuiute  ISrelhreu  in  ihrist. —  f  his  is  the  nam 

ground  between  high   hills  where  there  was  fev  whk,h  thp  body  js  tQ  bp  knfnyn  osed 

nothing  to  be  seen   but  a  shepherd  and  two  <.-The  Brethren  in  Christ,"  (or  "  Swank  Brethren^ 

dogs  and  to  be  told  that  this  was  the  place  and  the  "Evangelical  UnitedMennonites/'whohav 
for  inspecting  the  wool.  united  together.    The  first  general  conference  of  th 

"He    was  "asked    which    kind    of   wool    he  united  body  is  to  be  held  in  Lehigh  county,  Pa.,  ii 
would   look   at  first,  and,   having  named  the,  the  Tenth  month,  1885. 

kind,  the  shepherd  called  one  of  the  dogs,  and1 .    The  leading  principles  ..I  the  Mennonite  Brethrei 
j.       '      ,    ,  .     '        ,  .,         ,  c.i       m  Christ  are  declared  to  be:    Reparation  from  th' 

directed  him  to  turn  the  sheep  on  one  of  the  ,d  in  a„  d  rtmeuts  of  Hfo  ; '.strict  submissio. 
lulls,  and  bring  them  to  him.  The  wise  ain-!and  obedience  to  all  God's  ordinances  and  com 
mal  bounded  off,  and  in  a  very  short  time  the  mandments,  and  the  unity  of  the  Church  of  Jesu 
sheep  were  seen  descending  the  hill  by  an  Christ  upon  gospel  principles."  Its  peculiaritie 
easy  pathway.  The  wool  was  examined,  and  arc:  "  Non-resistance,  non-swearing  of  oaths,  anti 
the  sheep  driven  back  by  another  road.  In  '  secrecy,  anti-rum  and  tobacco,  baptism  of  believers 
the  meanwhile  the  second  dog  was  sent  to  open  communion  and  feet  washing."  Its  organ  i: 
bring  forward  another  breed  of  sheep  from  a  The  Gospel  Banner,  of  Goshen,  Ind. 
different  place,  and  so  on  until  all  was  finished,!  —  For  Adhering  to  Principle.— With,  reference  ti 
without  the  least  confusion.     This  plan  was  \]»'  refusal  by  the  Management  of  the  Presbyteriai 

-     !  Hospital  to  receive  a  share  of  the  proceeds  of  thi 


followed  by  the  worthy  farmer   because   h 
had   not  been   able  to  find  time  to  clip   his 
sheep. — T.  G.  Wood's  Man  and  Beast. 

Items. 

—  Trinity  Episcopal  Church,  N.  Y. 


This  is  said  to 
be  the  wealthiest  parish  in  the  United  States,  hav- 
■  an  annual  income  of  about  $500,000.     In  a.ldi- 


There  are  connected  with  it  many  schools,  and  other, 
benevolent  organizations. 

—Modern  Jewish  Beliefs.— The  Hebrew  Simula,;/ 


IJelie 


K:l 


Charitv  Ball,  the  following  letter  of  John  B.  Austin1 
of  Kdd'ington,  Bucks  county,  Third  mo.  15th,  1884 
to  John  D.  McCord,  Treasurer  of  the  Preshyteriai 
Hospital,  is  of  interest: 

My  Dear  Friend: — I  observe  that  our  Hospita 
has  declined  a  sum  of  twenty-five  hundred  dollar: 
on  principle. 

Believing  that  it  should  not  suffer  loss  for 
tabling  principle,  enclosed  please  find  my  check  foi 
three  thousand  dollars — twenty-five  hundred  d 
in  lieu  of  the  sum  it  did  not  receive,  and  five  hun 
dred  dollars  being  a  premium  for  adhering  to  pr 
ciple. 

If  not  adverse  to  the  interests  of  the  Hospita 
should  like  this  sum  of  three  thousand  dollars  add 
ed  to  the  principal  of  the  permanent  funds  of  th 
Hospital,  so  that  principle  and  principal  may  go  to 


arriageof  Jews  and  christians.  Rabbi  Lands- 
,  of  Rochester,  believes  in  the  abolition  of  the 
rew  language  from  our  prayers.  Rabbi  Kohler, 
ew  York,  believes  in  the  change  of  the  Jewish 

iatli    IV Saturday  to  Sunday.     A   Rabbi  in 

ago  believes  in  the  abolition  of  circumcision. 
College  Semi  Societies.— At  a  meeting  of  the 
or  Class  at  Yale  College  there  was  a  lively  de- 


illcge  polities,  fosters 


THE    FRIEND. 

THIRD  MONTH  29,  1884. 


One  of  the  most  important  and  difficult 
problems  that  can  claim  the  attention  ol 
statesmen  and  philanthropists  is.  how  to  e 

vale  the  character  ami  condition  of  that  vast 
body  of  degraded  and  suffering  human  being' 


THE    FRIEND. 


271 


which  is  found  in  the  most  highly  civilized 
30untries,  and  especially  in  all  our  large  cities. 
The  natural  effect  of  suffering  is  to  awaken 
feelings  of  sympathy,  and  prompt  us  to  extend 
relief.  This  exercise  of  the  kindly  affections 
is  undoubtedlj*  right  in  itself;  and  it  is  re- 
peatedly enjoined  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  with 
idded  blessings.  "Blessed  is  the  man  that 
3onsidereth  the  poor;  the  Lord  shall  deliver 
bim  in  time  of  trouble,"  is  but  one  of  many 
passages  that  might  be  quoted  enforcing  the 
iuty  of  '-bearing  one  another's  burthens." 
But  in  its  practical  application  there  is  often 
need  of  the  exercise  of  much  wisdom  and  pru- 
dence. Indiscriminate  almsgiving  has  helped 
to  create  a  numerous  class,  who  depend  on  it 
for  subsistence,  and  cease  to  exert  in  any  use- 
ful channel,  those  powers  which  they  possess, 
»nd  which  would  enable  them  to  earn  an 
honest  living  by  their  own  exertions.  This 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  the  early  Chris- 
tian Church,  and  led  to  the  sharp  rebuke  of 
;he  apostle  Paul,  who  enjoined,  that  if  any 
would  not  work,  neither  should  they  eat. 

We  believe  in  the  truth  expressed  by  that 
rallied  Friend  of  a  past  generation,  Beulah 
Ransom, — that  it  is  the  business  of  one  part! 
■  mankind  to  take  care  of  the  other  part.! 
rhere  are  always  to  be  found  many,  who 
through  infancy,  old  age,  or  sickness,  arc  de- 
pendent on  others — indeed,  there  are  none  of| 
is  who  are  not  at  times  brought  into  such  a 
;ondition.  And  even  where  the  weakness  and 
listress  has  been  caused  by  folly  or  sinful  in- 
lulgence,  the  Christian  should  remember, 
ibat  our  Heavenly  Father  causes  his  sun  to 
■ise  on  the  evil  and  on  the  good,  and  sendeth 
•ain  on  the  just  and  on  the  unjust;  and  that 
Se  himself  would  fare  but  poorly,  if  it  were 
lot  for  the  undeserved  mercy  extended  to  him. 
,  But  much  ot  the  poverty  and  suffering  of 
fhis  world  is  the  result  of  crime  or  sinful  in- 
lulgence.  With  equal  opportunities  before 
',hem  at  the  outset  of  life,  one  man,  by  prac- 
tising self-restraint,  by  industry  and  economy 
will  gradually  raise  himself  into  a  comfortable 
Position  i:i  the  world ;  while  his  companion,; 
,hrough  want  of  these  virtues,  will  sink  to 
,he  lowest  condition.  What  such  an  one  needs 
jaore  than  anything  else,  for  his  permanent 
mprovernent,  is  a  reformation  of  character — j 
ind  this  is  far  more  difficult  to  give  than  the 
lonation  of  a  little  money  which  can  only  re-. 
ieve  a  present  distress.  Indeed  the  only  in- 
fallible remedy  is  "the  Grace  of  God,"  which  j 
Jringeth  salvation,  and  which  teaches  to  deny 
ingodliness  and  unrighteousness,  and  to  live 
loberly,  righteously  and  godly. 

The  exchanges  and  documents  which  come 
o  the  office  of  "  The  Friend,"  contain  many 
Boofsof  the  interest  which  is  now  felt  in  this 
mportant  subject.     Among  these  is  the  last 

the  Fifth)  Annual  Report  of  the  Philadelphia 
■Society  for  Organizing  Charity.  The  object 
>f  this  society  is  to  form  a  bond  of  connection 
imong  the  various  charitable,  institutions  of 

his  city,  and  th"-'  to  prevent  imposture,  as 
veil  a»  tz  supplement  the  operations  of  the 
fibers.  It  aims  to  make  employment  the 
>asis  of  relief  where  practicable;  and  discour- 
ses indiscriminate  giving,  without  personal 

isits  and  inspection.     Its  work  has  widened 

nd  deepened,  and  the  zeal  and  energy  shown 
tppear  to  have  had  an  encouraging  measure 
>f  success. 

London  is  the  largest  city  in  the  world  ;  and 
,he  appalling  mass  of  vice  and  wretchedness 

rowded  into  some  of  its  worst  portions,  has 


long  been  a  source  of  anxious  thoughtfulness 
to  some  of  the  benevolent  and  religions  people 
of  England.  Among  the  evidences  of  this 
feeling,  we  notice  that  a  royal  commission,  of 
which  the  Prince  of  Wales  is  a  member,  has 
recently  been  formed  to  inquire  into  and  re- 
port on  the  character  of  the  dwellings  in 
which  the  poor  are  sheltered. 

As  many  of  our  readers  may  have  but  little 
idea  of  the  condition  of  the  worst  districts  of 
London,  and  the  difficulties  t<>  be  encountered 
in  any  effort  to  help  their  inhabitants,  we 
quote  a  portion  of  the  narrative  of  one  who 
labored  among  them  for  many  years,  which 
was  published  in  "Down  in  the  depths  of  Out- 
east  London."  His  first  visits  were  made  in 
what  were  called  "Angel  Gardens." 

"  The  Gardens  were  several  filthy  courts  of 
tumble-down  houses;  the  people,  who  were 
crowded  in  their  scores  and  hundreds,  pre- 
sented a  ragged  and  wretched  appearance. 
The  whole  population  of  several  thousands 
were  indeed  vagrants,  criminals,  and  de- 
praved ;  many  of  the  bouses  were  simply  dens 
ot  thieves,  and  in  the  middle  of  '  The  Gardens' 
was  an  opium-smoking  room,  the  house  being 
occupied  by  vagabond  Orientals  and  their 
desperate  women.  I  had  net  been  many 
hours  at  work  when  the  report  spread  that 
I  was  a  policeman  in  disguise,  and  I  was 
hounded  out  of  the  place  by  a  desperate, 
howling  mob  of  thieves  and  outcasts.  Upon 
my  return  home  I  was  so  cast  down  as  only 
to  be  able  to  gain  relief  in  tears  and  prayer. 
Next  da}-  I  went  very  cautiously  to  work  ; 
but  upon  ascending  a  very  steep,  rickety  stair- 
case, a  woman  with  hobnail  boots  came  on  to 
the  landing,  and  with  bitter  oaths  declared 
'if  I  came  a  step  higher  that  she  would  kick 
my  eyes  out;'  so  I  had  to  beat  a  retreat. 
This  effort  to  gain  footing  in  the  place  con- 
tinued for  several  months,  and  so  hard  was 
the  conflict  that  I  have  sometimes  stood  at  an 
entrance  to  the  district  in  silent  prayer  for  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  before  I  dare  venture  down. 
This  perseverance,  however,  was  effective, 
and  constant  brutal  opposition  was  overcome, 
though  tor  long  years  I  was  subjected  to  low 
abuse  and  occasional  acts  of  violence.  No 
Christian  but  myself  dare  venture  into  'Angel 
Gardens,'  and  I  was  therefore  called  to  visit 
the  sick  and  dying  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and 
night,  and  while  passing  through  the  district 
and  immediate  neighborhood  strange  scenes 
have  been  witnessed.  In  broad  daylight  I 
saw  a  gentleman  who  had  ventured  down  the 
place  surrounded,  and  his  coat  taken  off  and 
run  away  with." 

"After  several  years  of  unceasing  effort  I 
gained  entrance  into  man}-  rooms  and  into 
most  of  the  dens.  My  care  for  the  sick  and 
the  children  disarmed  opposition,  and  then  in 
room  after  room  attention  was  secured  to  the 
reading  of  the  Bible.  A  few  became  rightly 
impressed,  and  were  induced  to  attend  the 
little  meeting  I  had  established.  A  few  yeai 
more  and  a  real  friendship  was  entertained 
for  me  by  most  unlikely  people.  For  instance 
I  was  once  in  great  danger  from  a  number  of 
roughs  and  thieves  who  surrounded  me  with 
threats.  A  tall,  stout  Irishwoman,  one  of  th 
most  desperate  characters  there,  rushed  ibi 
ward,  and,  striking  at  my  foes,  fairly  seized 
me  by  the  coat  collar  and  dragged  me  out  of 
danger.  That  very  evening  she  was  appre 
bended  for  a  robbery  and  transported  for  five 
years;  but  I  saw  her  immediately  upon  her 


return,  and  thanked  her  for  the  kindness  per- 
formed so  long  ago." 

BOOKS,    ETC.,  RECEIVED. 

Elizabeth  Fry. — Compiled  from  her  journal 
and  other  sources  by  Edward  Ryder,  Brews- 
ter, Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  compiler,  in  his  preface,  states  that  his 
object  has  been  to  select  such  portions  of  the 
original  biography  by  E.  Fry's  daughters,  and 
of  the  materials  gathered  from  other  sources, 
as  may  be  of  permanent  value  ;  omitting  much 
that  is  of  only  local  or  temporary  interest. 

There  is  much  that  is  interesting  in  this 
book  ;  particularly  as  to  the  religious  impres- 
sions Elizabeth  Fry  received  under  the  min- 
istry of  William  Savery  ;  the  mannerin  which 
she  was  led  to  attach  herself  more  closely  to 
the  Society  of  Friends,  of  which  she  was  born 
a  member;  her  exercises  of  mind  in  connec- 
tion with  her  appearance  as  a  minister;  the 
amiable  and  benevolent  traits  of  character 
she  exhibited  ;  and  her  extensive  labors  for 
the  reformation  of  Prison  Discipline,  and  in 
various  other  philanthropic  enterprises. 

The  principal  drawback  to  the  satisfaction 
felt  by  a  Friend  in  reading  this  book  is  the 
evidence  it  affords,  that  the  family  and  other 
associations,  and  the  intimate  familiarity  of 
this  distinguished  woman  with  persons  of 
rank  and  celebrity,  produced  their  natural 
effect  in  weakening  her  attachment  to  some 
of  the  testimonies  of  our  Society,  and  appa- 
rently in  modifying  her  views  of  some  of  its 
doctrines.  Soon  after  the  first  Memoir  of  her 
life  was  published,  instances  of  this  were 
pointed  out  in  a  thoughtful  review  of  the 
book,  commenced  on  page  284  of  the  21st 
volume  of  "  The  Friend."  It  is,  perhaps,  not 
needful  at  this  time  to  enlarge  upon  this  sub- 
ject, for  it  is  far  more  pleasant  to  join  in  the 
tribute  of  love  and  admiration  to  one  so  de- 
servedly valued,  than  to  bring  to  view  the 
weak  points  of  an  estimable  character;  yet 
this  is  at  times  a  duty,  where  there  is  a  danger 
of  their  exercising  a  hurtful  influence  on 
others. 

As  the  decision  of  Judge  Proudfoot,  in  the 
Canada  suit,  is  one  that  involves  some  points 
of  general  interest  to  the  members  of  our  So- 
ciety, a  reprint  of  it  has  been  made  by  some 
Friends  of  this  city;  and  copies  placed  at  the 
office  of  "The  Friend,"  No.  11(3  N.  Fourth 
street,  Philadelphia,  where  they  can  be  ob- 
tained by  those  desirous  of  seeing  it. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Statistics  show  that  the  consump- 
tion of  alcoholic  drinks  has  decreased  in  the  United 
States  from  five  gallons  per  capita  sixty  years  ago,  to 
two  gallons  per  capita  at  the  present  time. 

The  Senate  Committee  on  Post-offices  has  caused  to 
be  printed,  as  embodying  the  views  of  a  majority  of  the 
sub-committee  having  the  matter  under  consideration, 
a  Postal  Telegraph  bill.  It  provides  for  the  establish- 
ment of  postal  telegraph  offices  at  all  post-offices  on  or 
within  ten  miles  of  telegraph  circuits,  where  the  salary 
of  the  Postmaster  is  not  less  than  $500  per  annum  ;  and 
creates,  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  purposes  of  the  act, 
the  office  of  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster  General.  It 
also  provides  that  the  rate  of  messages  shall  be  20  cents 
for  20  words  or  less  for  a  distance  not  exceeding  1000 
miles;  when  over  1000  miles  and  under  2000  miles,  40 
cents;  for  all  greater  distances,  50  cents  ;  and  for  tele- 
grams directed  to  be  transmitted  by  night,  under  2000 
miles,  15  cents;  for  all  greater  distances,  25  cents;  the 
bill  also  provides  for  a  postal  money  order  system,  no 
postal  telegraph  money  order  to  exceed  S100.  The 
Postmaster  General  is  directed  to  advertise  for  sealed 
proposals  "  either  to  sell  existing  telegraph  lines  and 


272 


THE    FRIEND. 


press  America's  desire  for  the  welfare  of  Germaj 
The  fact  that  the  recognition  of  Lasker's  merits  j. 
eluded  a  condemnation  of  the  policy  of  the  Gernb 
Government  was  presumably  only  known  to  the  Gt 
man  originators  of  the  Lasker  resolution. 

The  Swiss  Federal  Council  has  decided  to  grant  I 
extradition  of  Anarchists  whenever  this  is  asked  il 
Otherwise  Anarchists  will  he  expelled  from  the  coi 
try.  Four  German  Anarchists  have  since  been  ■, 
pelled. 

NOTICE. 

A  meeting  of  Friends'  Teachers'  Association  of  Phi 
delphia  and  its  vicinity,  will  be  held  at  820  Cherry! 
on  Seventh-day,  4th  mo.  5th,  at  2.30  P.  M. 

Programme:— Answers  to  questions;  Essay  on  1| 
wards  and  Punishments,  by  R.  W.  Cadbury  ;  Addres) 
by  Fanny  J.  Coppin  and  Prof.  Philips. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

A  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Committee  having  charge 
the   Boarding   School  at  Westtown,  will   be   held 
Philadelphia  on  Sixth-day,  3rd  mo.  28th,  at  11  A.  M 

The  Committee  on  Admissions  and  the  Commit 
on  Instruction  will  meet  the  same  day,  at  9  A.  M. 

The  Visiting  Committee,  appointed  to  attend  the 
amination  at  the  School,  meet  there  on  Second-d 
evening,  24th  inst.  For  the  accommodation  of  tl 
committee,  conveyances  will  be  at  Westtown  Statu 
the  24th  inst.,  to  meet  the  trains  that  leave  the  city 
2.47  and  4.55  p.  M. 

Wm.  Evans,  Clerk. 

Philada.,  3rd  mo.  1884. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Third-day,  the  6th 
Fifth  month.  Parents  and  others  intending  to  se 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  applicatl 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Superintendent,  addn 
Weslton-n  P.  ().,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.;  or  to  CHARLES 
Allek,  Treasurer,  ATo.  304  Arch  St.,  Philada. 


franchises  to  the  Government  or  to  construct  four  new 
telegraphic  trunk  lines  for  the  Government,  so  located 
and  arranged  as  to  connect  the  northeastern,  north- 
western, western  and  southwestern  and  southern  parts 
of  the  United  States  with  the  city  of  Washington  ;  and 
if,  upon  investigation,  any  of  such  proposals  either  to 
sell  existing  lines  to  or  construct  new  lines  for  the  Gov- 
ernment are  deemed  fair  and  reasonable,  the  Postmaster 
General  will  report  the  same  to  Congress  at  its  next 
session,  for  acceptance  or  rejection." 

The  following  report  from  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  was  unani- 
mously adopted  on  the  19th  instant:  "  That  the  House, 
having  no  official  concern  with  the  relations  between 
the  executive  and  legislative  branches  of  the  German 
Government,  does  not  deem  it  requisite  to  its  dignity  to 
criticise  the  manner  of  the  reception  of  the  resolutions 
or  the  circumstances  which  prevented  their  reaching 
their  destination  after  they  had  been  communicated 
through  the  proper  channels  to  the  German  Govern- 
ment. 

The  Treasury  Department  is  considering  a  proposi- 
tion to  allow  the  passage  of  Canadian  goods  in  transit 
through  certain  parts  of  the  United  States  without  the 
usual  customs  formalities. 

The  State  of  Maryland  has  passed  a  law  reducing  the 
fee  for  a  marriage  license  from  $4.50  to  60  cents.  Here- 
tofore the  State  has  received  $4,  and  the  clerk  issuing 
it  50  cents  for  each  license.  The  clerk  will  continue  to 
receive  50  cents,  leaving  only  10  cents  to  the  Stale. 

A  letter  from  Alta,  Utah,  has  been  received  in  New 
York,  giving  details  of  the  snow  slide  at  the  head  of 
Little  Cottonwood  Canyon  on  the  night  of  the  7th  inst., 
which  caused  a  loss  of  twelve  or  fourteen  lives.  It  is 
estimated  that  since  the  mines  at  Alta  were  opened, 
fourteen  years  ago,  146  persons  have  been  killed  by 
snow  slides  in  and  around  that  place. 

The  Mississippi  river  at  New  Orleans  was,  on  the 
24th  instant,  one  inch  higher  than  during  the  flood  of 


Cotton  was  firmly  held  at  full  prices.  Sales  of  mid- 
dlings are  reported  at  Hi  a  11$  cts.  per  pound  for 
uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8}  a  8|  cts.  for  export, 
and  9}  a  9jj  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  rjuiet  but  steady.  Sales  of  1900  barrels, 
including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $5  a  $6;  Pennsylvania 
family  at  $4.75;  western  do.  at  $5  a  $6,  and  patents 
at  S-6  a  $6.75.    Rye  flour  was  steady  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  dull,  unsettled  and  lower.  About 
8000  bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at 
$1.16}  a  $1.17  ;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.17$;  No.  2  at  $1.06$ 
a  $1.16]  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and 
No.  3  red  at  96}  a  97  cts.  per  bushel,  and  30,000  bushels 
No.  2  red  at  $1.06  a  $1.07  3rd  mo.,  $1.06;  a  §1.07  J  4th 
mo.,  $1.09  a  $1,091  5th  m°->  ami  Sl-10-^  a  $1.11  6th  mo. 
Corn. — Car  lots  were  unsettled  :  11,000  bushels  sold  in 
lots  at  60  a  61  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime 
yellow  ;  54  a  57  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  35,- 
000  bushels  sail  mixed  at  60  a  62  cts.  3rd  mo.,  58}  a  59 
cts.  4th  mo.,  59}  a  59}  cts.  5th  mo.,  60}  a  60$  cts.  6th 
mo.,  and  61|  a  61$  7th  mo  Oats.— Car  lots  were  lower. 
About  10,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  41  a  43  cts.  per 
bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  40,000  bushels  2  white 
at  41  a  43  cts.  3rd  mo.,  41  a  41J  cts.  4th  mo.,  41  i  a  42J 
cts.  5th  mo.,  and  42  a  42j  cts.  6th  mo. 

Hav  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  3d 
mo.  22d,  1884— Loads  of  hay,  273;  loads  of  straw,  32. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts. 
a  $1  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  75  a  85  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  a  fraction  lower:  3200  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4$  a  7  cts.  per  pound, 
the  latter  rate  for  extra. 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand  at  an  advance  :  7000  head 
arrived  and  sold  at  4$  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at  4$  a  7$  cts. 
per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Hogs  were  rather  lower:  3200  head  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  8  a  10$  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — Prime  Minister  Gladstone  has  gone  to 
His  health  does  not  seem  to  im- 


Uritain  in  1832.     She  now  has  14.81  per  cent. 

On  the  20th  inst.,  the  Figaro  (newspaper)  had  a  de 
spatch   from   Cairo 


.'Inch 


General   Gordon    ha: 


1874,  the  highest  previously  recorded 

The  epizooty  is  reported   to  be  prevalent  among  the  Coornbe,  in   Surrey, 
horses  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  of  a  worse  type  than  ever  prove  much. 
before.  The  death  rate  of  the  towns  in  England,  for  1883, 

Commissioner  Loring  has  received  a  telegram  from  average  21.6  per  thousand,  the  lowest  on  record,  and 
Prof.  Salmon,  Veterinarian  of  the  Agricultural  Depart- 1  two  per  thousand  above  the  mortality  ratefor  the  whole 
ment,  who  has  made  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  j  of  England  and  Wales.  Manchester  had  the  highest 
cattle  disease  at  Neosho  Falls,  Kansas.  The  Professor:  rate,  27.6,  and  Bristol  the  lowest,  17.9.  In  London  the 
says  he  "has  concluded  that  it  is  not  the  genuine  foot  average  was  20.4. 

and  mouth  disease,  but  is  due  to  local  conditions,  and        Ireland  had  32.32  per  cent,  of  the  population  of  Great 
there  is  no  danger  of  its  spreading  to  other  sections."   ~ 
The  Commissioner  accepts  his  conclusions  as  final. 

Governor  Crittenden,  of  Missouri,  on  the  24th  inst.. 
telegraphed  to  James  Low,  of  Ithaca,  New  York,  "  that  told  the  French  Consul  at  Khartoum  that  he  is  d 
there  is  not  a  case  of  foot  and  mouth  disease  in  Missouri,  pointed  in  what  he  has  been  able  to  accomplish.  He 
Experts  pronounce  the  ailing  cattle  as  suffering  from  said  it  would  be  impossible  for  him  to  defend  the  place 
frozen  feet."  The  same  disease  is  reported  to  exist  in  against  the  advancing  tribes.  It  is  staled  in  Cairo  that 
Van  Buren  county,  Iowa,  some  of  the  cases,  it  is  assert-  Abd-el-Kader  Pasha,  Minister  of  War,  will  be  sent  to 
ed,  having  appeared  in  the  First  month  last.  the  rescue  of  General  Gordon." 

The  result  of  the  high  Liquor  License  law  adopted  [  Late  Egyptian  advices  indicate  that  the  whole  conn- 
some  months  ago  in  Nebraska  is  remarkable  as  regards  try  south  of  Berber  is  in  revolt.  The  rebels  have 
the  decrease  in  the  number  of  saloons.  Omaha  and  surrounded  Khartoum  on  all  sides,  and  cutoff  all  corn- 
Lincoln  are  reported  as  having  already  lost  half  their  munication  with  that  city.  The  situation  of  General 
saloons,  while  in  the  smaller  towns  the  decrease  is  said  Gordon  is  considered  serious,  but  not  alarming.  Two 
to  be  still  greater  in  proportion.  |  messengers  have  been  sent  from   Berber  to  Khartoum 

In  refusing  to  grant  an  allowance  and  separation  to  a  carrying  concealed  letters, 
woman  who  complained  of  the  drunkenness  of  her  bus- 1      The  Republique  FrancaLs   says:   "France  can  treat 
band,  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa  is  quoted  as  saying:   with  China  only  upon  the  basis  of  an   indemnity  and 
"She  does  not  show  that  her  personal  safety  or  even   the  recognition  by  China  of  French  supremacy  over  the 
her  well-being  requires  her  to  leave  him.     She  doubt-  j  whole  of  Toiiquin." 

less  would  have  lived  more  comfortably  in  the  society]      The  French  Government  is  debating  the  Chinese  in- 
of  a  sober  man,  but  she  ought  to  have  considered,  and  demnity  question.     The  lowest  figure  proposed  is  150,- 
doubtless  did   consider,  the   discomforts  of  a  drunken   000,000  francs.     It  has  been  decided  to  occupy  Upper 
husband  when  she   married  the  defendant.     But,  she  Tonquin  as  far  as  the  Chinese  frontier, 
urges,  he  promised   reformation  before  marriage.     His       A  despatch  from  Pekin  says:   "The  greatest  exa 
failure  to  keep  his  promise  did  not  justify  her  in  desert-'  peration  prevails  here  against  France.    If  she  advanci 
ing  him.     All    the   world   knows  that  such   promises   her  extravagant  demands  public  opinion  will  prevent 
made  by  a  drunken  man  are  always  broken.      In  a  few    their  acceptance.     The  Black  Flags  are  on  the  verge  of 
words,  as  she  knowingly  married  a  drunkard,  she  must  mutiny,  their  pay  being  in  arrears, 
be  content  to  be  a  drunkard's  wile."  |      A  petition    has  been    received    by  the  Government 

It  will  hereafter  be  the  duty  of  all  the  public  school  from  the  Frenchmen  of  Reunion  and  Mauritius,  urging 
teachers  in  the  Slate  of  New  York  to  instruct  the  pupils  that  the  present  situation  of  affairs  in  Madagascar  be 
in  regard  to  the  injurious  influence  of  alcohol  upon  the  terminated,  as  it  is  disastrous  to  French  commerce, 
liuman  system.  The  new  system  of  "object  lessons"  ;  The  petition  advocates  a  French  protectorate  over  the 
will  not  be  employed.  'island. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  376,1  A  co-operative  society  at  Roubaix,  France,  for  the 
which  was  54  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  ■  manufacture  of  bread,  is  said  to  have  not  only  supplied 
10  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year.]  its  members  with  that  article  ten  per  cent,  below  Pari: 
Of  the  total  number  196  were  male-,  and  180  females:  prices,  but  also  to  have  returned  to  its  shareholders  : 
59  died  of  consumption  ;  29  of  pneumonia ;   19  of  con-   dividend  of  21  per  cent. 

vulsions;  17  of  paralysis;  15  of  diphtheria  ;  14  of  Prince  Bismarck  has  received  an  address  from  work 
typhoid  fever;  13  of  croup;  12  of  marasmus;  12  of:  ing  men  of  Marggrabowa  thanking  him  for  his  actiot 
meningitis,  and  12  of  scarlet  fever.  [in   the   Lasker  affair.      Prince  Bi-marck,  in  replv,  sav: 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4$'s,  114;  4's,  registered,  123g  ;  that  the  signers  of  the  address  must  remember  that  tin 
coupon,  124|  ;  3's,  101  ;  currency  0's,  129  a  137.  I  American  House  of  Representatives  only  wished  to  ex 


BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDRI 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist 
working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  wh 
out  of  school.  Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philadr 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty -third  Ward,)  Philadelphia 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board 
Managers. 


MARRIED,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,  Medford,  N( 
Jersey,  on  3rd  month  20th,  Allen  H.,  son  of  Hei 
and  Miriam  L.  Roberts,  and  Ida,  daughter  of  Benj 
min  J.  and  Sarah  A.  Wilkins. 


Died,  at  his  residence  in  Robeson,  Pa.,  2nd  mi 
1SS4,  James  Scarlet,  a  beloved  member  of  Bradfo 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  in  the  82d  year  of  hi 

,  at  her  residence,  on  the  morning  of  the  3rd 

3rd  month,  1884,  Miranda  Palmer,  relict  of  the  la 
John  Palmer,  an  esteemed  member  and  elder  of  N< 
wich  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  in  her  90th  ye 
This  dear  Friend  moved  from  Albany  county.  State 
New  Y'ork,  into  Norwich,  Canada,  with  her  fatal 
Frederick  Stover,  in  the  year  1811.  She  was  lirn 
attached  to  the  doctrines  and  testimonies  of  the  Soci 
of  Friends,  and  remained  faithful  unto  the  end.  Sevc 
limes  expressing,  "that  she  saw  nothing  in  her  w 
and  that  she  was  wailing  her  Master's  lime."  Herd 
was  peaceful. 

,  at  the  residence  of  Sarah  Edgerlon,  Spicelan 

Indiana,  13th  of  3rd  mo.  1884,  Eliza  A.  Edge 
widow  of  Walter  Edgerlon,  (formerly  widow  of  Jose) 
Negus,  of  Green  Plain  Monthly  Meeting,  Clark  G 
Ohio,)  aged  76  years  and  20  days,  a  member  of  Spi 
land  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  Henry  Co.,  India 
She  expressed  a  hope  of  a  life  beyond  this  woi 
through  the  merits  of  heT  crucified  Saviour. 

,  3rd  mo.  21st,  1884,  at  her  residence  in  Winoi 

Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Sarah  G.,  wife  of  Joshua  Brat 
ingham,  aged  44  years  2  mouths  and  one  day. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  FOURTH  MONTH  5,  1884. 


NO.    35. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "  The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  266.) 

"1799,  3rd  mo.  20lb.  In  our  meeting  ap-, 
parently  destitute  of  the  essential  qualifica- 
tion for  the  performance  of  true  spiritual j 
devotion.  O  the  danger  of  ease  and  forget- 
fulness. 

"23rd.  Hedged  in  on  every  side.  O.  for 
faith  to  remove  mountains.  But  except  I 
suffer  with  Christ,  I  cannot  rise  and  reign 
with  Him. 

"4th  month  1st.  The  cause  of  my  leanness 
is  apprehended  to  bo  a  relaxation  from  the 
essential  exercise.  May  the  watch  be  renewed, 
and  diligence  doubled  to  know  my  calling  and 
election  made  sure,  in  the  covenant  of  divine 
life. 

"5th.  On  reading  the  accounts  of  our  an- 
cient Friends — the  cruel  sufferings  and  hard- 
ships they  passed  through  in  support  of  their 
precious  testimonies — how  some  sealed  them 
with  their  blood  ;  I  have  been  ready  to  query, 
will  Ho  who  is  holy,  He  who  is  true,  behold 
the  sufferings  and  testimonies  of  his  chosen, 
wantonly  treated,  and  the  blood  of  his  mar- 
tyrs trampled  on,  by  their  professed  succes- 
sors, with  an  eye  of  indifference!  Alas!  for 
the  emptiness  of  a  nominal  profession. 

"  10th. — In  a  solitary  walk  to  Salem,  I  had 
a  season  of  profound  meditation,  on  very  im- 
portant subjects:  on  a  review  of  human  na- 
ture, and  on  the  designs  of  men  of  the  world  ; 
how  do  they  resemble  the  potsherds  of  the 
earth,  dashing  against  each  other  in  their 
policy  and  pursuits.  Much  appears  wanting 
to  be  done!  Myself  poor  and  destituteof  quali- 
fication for  usefulness  in  Church,  or  in  the 
world,  or  in  civil  soeiet3'. 

"  11th.  My  own  righteousness  is  as  filthy 
rags.  Deeply  humbled  under  a  sense  of  my 
depressed  condition.  O,  for  faith  and  patience 
to  endure  the  ordeal  my  soul  is  passing 
through,  until  thosedim  clouds  have  all  passed 
that  now  hang  over  me,  and  the  Sun  of  glory 
shine  upon  me;  then  shall  mj'  soul  rejoice  in 
the  Lord,  and  joy  in  the  God  of  my  salvation. 
O  the  subtilty  of  human  wisdom!  how  artfully 
does  it  contend  for  a  name  to  live  while  it  is 
dead  to  that  wisdom  which  is  from  above; 
that  is  first  pure,  then  peaceable,  gentle,  and 
easy  to  be  entreated  ;  full  of  mercy  and  good 
fruits,  without  partiality  and  without  hypoc- 
risy. 

"  16th.     Impressed  with  a  sense  of  more 


solid  good,  than  for  many  days  past.  O  for  a 
watchful  dependent  state.  But.  alas!  how 
has  our  gold  become  dim,  and  our  most  fine 
gold  changed!  How  has  our  silver  become 
dross,  and  our  wine  mingled  with  water! 
How  have  we  departed  from  under  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  true  Light,  and  lost  ourancient 
lustre,  and  become  an  adulterated  people! 
My  heart  mourns,  sorrow  attends  my  solitary 
moments  ! 

"  18th.  O,  the  hidden  sufferings  of  the  soul, 
this  morning!  and  O  for  a  heart  to  implore 
the  aid  and  assistance  of  Heavenly  mercy. 

"5th  month  9th.  Monthly  Meeting.— O, 
the  twining  insinuations  of  man's  wisdom  ! 
how  it  bears  down  the  simple  and  honest- 
hearted.  My  soul  mourns.  What  inconsist- 
encies! yea,  what  absurdities  in  the  transac- 
tion of  Church  affairs!  What  will  not  man 
do  under  the  bias  of  his  own  wisdom  to  com- 
pass his  own  ends  !  Isaiah  Hacker  bore  faith- 
ful testimony  to  the  Truth,  but  it  was  as 
water  cast  upon  a  rock,  with  the  ruling 
powers. 

"  12th.  Cheered  with  a  glimmering  hope, 
that  if  those  who  are  concerned  for  Truth's 
cause  will  be  faithful  to  simple  manifestations 
of  tint)-,  things  will  not  always  be  so  with  us; 
may  they  ponder  them  and  be  wise! 

"19th.  Alas  for  thee,  poor  Lynn  !  the  place 
of  ni}'  residence  and  seat  of  my  sufferings, 
outwardly;  and  for  thee,  O  my  soul!  if  thou 
shrink  now,  in  the  day  of  battle  ;  if  thou  draw 
back,  take  thy  flight  on  the  sabbath  day,  or  in 
the  winter  season  !* 

"  20th.    I  desire  patience  in  the  day  of  trial. 

"  22nd.  In  our  meeting  more  than  usual 
composure.  Be  thankful, — be  encouraged  ; 
strength  will  graciously  be  vouchsafed  for  thy 
relief,  if  thou  faint  not,  nor  grow  weary. 

"6th  month  5th.  Bereft,  apparently,  of  all 
that  gives  consolation  to  the  seeking  soul !  If 
the  Lord  does  not  help,  there  is  no  help  for 
me  ! 

"  6th.  Great  relief  was  brought  to  my  tried 
mind,  by  a  communication  in  our  Monthly 
Meeting  to-day.  Magnified  forever  be  the 
Helper  of  his  people,  in  the  needful  time.  But 
O  the  workings  of  that  wisdom  which  is  from 
beneath,  to  the  exclusion  of  that  wisdom 
which  is  profitable  to  direct! 

*  Since  these  memoirs  were  placed  in  the  hands  of 
the  compiler,  the  following  striking  narrative,  sent  by 
a  Friend,  has  been  received;  which,  he  adds,  "was 
possibly  related  by  Micajah  Collins  himself." 

In  the  meeting  held  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  a  respectable 
and  religions  colored  man  often  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to 
appear  in  the  ministry.  This  was  grating  to  the  pre- 
judices of  some  of  the  members,  who  did  not  like  a 
black  man  to  preach  to  them  ;  and  accordingly  he  was 
waited  upon  and  informed  that  they  would  not  receive 
his  testimony.  He  replied  :  "  You  will  not  receive  my 
testimony;  then  I  am  authorized  to  tell  you,  that  no 
testimony-bearer  shall  arise  among  yon  whilst  the  pre- 
sent heads  of  your  meeting  are  living." 

This  prediction  was  fulfilled  ;  for  sixty  years  rolled 
round,  and  all  who  had  opposed  his  ministry  were  re- 
moved, before  another  minister  arose  among  them. 
Micajah  Collins  was  the  first. 


"  20th.  Greatly  in  want  of  the  strength  of 
that  life  which  is  far  more  precious  to  me 
than  corn,  wine  or  oil.  Confirmed  again  that 
without  the  aid  and  influence  of  Divine  grace, 
nothing  can  be  done  in  the  work  of  the  soul's 
salvation  ;  and  that,  without  a  cooperation 
with  it,  on  our  part,  there  can  be  no  progress 
made  in  the  desirable  work.  May  I  more 
and  more  press  after  this  great  object  and  end 
of  my  creation. 

"  9th  month  5th.  In  Monthly  Meeting, 
reverently  bowed  under  a  sense  of  my  tin- 
worthiness;  but  enabled  to  rejoice  a  little 
under  an  enlivening  testimony. 

"  1800,  1st  month  1st.  A  new  century  has 
arrived!  a  period  oft  looked  to,  whether  I 
should  see  it!  and  the  reflection  has  been  ac- 
companied with  seriousness.  I  have  been 
stimulated  to  industry,  considering  how  frail 
I  am,  and  the  uncertainty  of  time  allotted  for 
improvement.  A  large  proportion  of  my  co- 
temporaries  are  already  removed  from  works 
to  final  rewards,  long  before  they  have  arrived 
to  an  age  to  which  this  period  has  brought 
me.  May  the  residue  of  my  days  bo  devoted 
to  the  service  and  to  the  glory  of  Him  who 
gave  me  life  and  being,  and  yet  sustainoth 
me. 

"  6th  month.  Went  to  our  Yearly  Meeting. 
Divers  strangers  there  from  distant  parts.  It 
was  a  season  of  favor,  in  which  my  faith  was 
strengthened. 

"This  summer,  Nathan  Hunt  from  North 
Carolina,  came  to  Lynn,  and  John  F.  Hull 
with  him.  In  a  sitting  at  our  house,  dear 
Nathan  was  led  to  speak  to  and  point  out  my 
state  and  condition,  as  if  he  had  been  ac- 
quainted with  it  for  years  past;  penetrating 
all  the  recesses  of  the  heart  in  its  distress; 
and  like  the  good  Samaritan,  poured  in  the 
oil  and  the  wine,  administering  strength  and 
consolation  in  the  very  needful  time.  Blessed 
be  the  Lord,  his  mercy  endureth  forever. 

"  1801,  6th  month.  Again  at  our  Yearly 
Meeting.  This  was  another  season  of  instruc- 
tion and  of  strength. 

"7th  month.  John  Hall,  from  Great  Britain, 
a  minister  in  our  Society,  come  among  us,  and 
very  acceptably  attended  our  First-day  meet- 
ing; myself  and  wife  accompanied  him  on  his 
journey  as  far  as  Seabrook,  and  were  at  divers 
meetings  with  him,  much  to  our  satisfaction. 

"  1802,  6th  month.  At  our  Yearly  Meeting 
again.  Instructed,  comforted  and  strength- 
ened, in  the  school  of  Christ.  Beturned  home 
with  divers  friends,  by  way  of  New  Bedford 
and  Sandwich.  It  was  not  a  season  of  abound- 
ing with  me  ;  but  trust  I  am  learning,  though 
slow  to  learn,  how  to  suffer  need  and  how  to 
abound  ;  and  desire  whatever  may  be  my  con- 
dition under  Providence,  therewith  to  be  con- 
tent. 

"1803,  5th  month.  My  mind  having  been 
drawn  to  attend  the  Quarterly  Meeting  at 
Nantucket,  I  spread  the  subject  before  our 
Monthly  Meeting  and  obtained  its  concur- 
rence, and  a  minute  for  that  purpose. 


274 


THE    FRIEND. 


"6th  month  9th.  Left  home  under  con- 
siderable indisposition,  having  been  some  time 
confined  with  a  pleurisy,  and  on  the  11th  at- 
tended the  first  sitting  of  our  Yearly  Meeting 
of  Ministers  and  Elders,  under  depression  of 
spirits.  Divers  Friends  were  present  from 
abroad:  James  Simpson  and  bis  wife  with  a 
number  of  others.  Several  appropriate  testi- 
monies were  borne,  one  of  which  was  from 
our  ancient  friend,  Mary  Mitchell. 

"  12th.  At  both  the  meetings  on  First- 
day ;  the  concourse  of  people  was  very  large. 
Several  solid  testimonies  were  borne  by  Elisha 
Thornton,  Martha  Eouth  and  others,  tending 
to  edification. 

"Matters  of  weight  and  importance  were 
transacted  in  the  Yearly  Meeting  with  that 
kind  of  harmony  which  dignifies  and  adorns 
Christian  fellowship;  and  it  ended  to  good 
satisfaction. 

"16th.  To  my  great  joy  I  uttered  a  few 
words  in  this  mid-week  meeting,  tending  to 
strengthen  my  hands  in  the  prospect  before 
me  ;  and  in  the  afternoon  rode  to  Portsmouth. 

il  17th.  Attended  both  meetings  on  First- 
day  at  New  Bedford,  to  pretty  good  satisfac- 
tion, and  early  on  the  morning  of  the  20th 
took  passage  for  Nantucket,  and  were  about 
seven  hours  from  wharf  to  wharf.  It  was 
on  a  da}'  of  their  gVeat  sheep  shearing,  and 
Friends  mostly  were  gone  out  of  town  ;  but! 
Libni  Gardner  having  heard  we  were  coming, 
was  on  the  wharf  wailing  our  arrival.  He 
very  kindly  took  us  to  his  home,  where  we 
found  a  very  hospitable  and  comfortable  resi-j 
dence. 

"Spentthe  21st  in  visiting  ourfriends  under 
travail  of  spirit,  and  on  the  22d  and  23d  thei 
Preparative  Meeting,  to  me  a  pretty  comfort- 
able season  ;  and  on  the  24th  a  meeting  for 
ministers  and  elders;  a  laborious  season. 

"The  25th  spent  in  visiting;  some  of  the! 
interviews  were  like  a  brook  by  the  way,  audi 
had  a  reviving  tendency. 

"26th.  Many  Friends  came  on  to  the  Is- 
land to  the  Quarter!}'  Meeting.  First-day  I1 
attended  their  morning  meeting  at  the  North  I 
house.  Elizabeth  Coggeshall  had  good  service; 
but  with  me  the  fear  of  man  bad  the  ascend-] 
ency  and  marred  the  work.  Afternoon  at  the 
South  meeting,  in  poverty.  Disobedience  or 
any  improper  delay,  has  a  scattering  tendency. 

"27th.  Had  some  close  searching  service' 
in  the  Quarterly  Meeting  for  Ministers  andj 
Elders.  It  was  a  small  meeting,  but  favored 
in  the  end. 

"28th.  The  public  worship  in  the  Quar- 
terly Meeting  was  attended  by  a  numerous 
crowd  of  people,  and  things  pertaining  to 
their  best  interest  were  clearly  and  largely 
treated  on  by  James  Simpson,  and  others.  I 
trust  it  was  a  season  to  the  edification  of 
many  minds.  Blessed  be  the  name  of  the 
Shepherd  of  Israel." 


A  Perilous  Ride. 

[The  following  narrative,  we  find  in  one  of 
our  exchanges,  credited  to  The  Quiver.  It  is 
related  as  a  "true  incident."  Burnley,  the 
destination  of  the  carrier  or  expressman,  is  a 
town  in  Lancaster  Co.,  England,  and  where 
such  extreme  cold  as  is  hero  described  must  be 
an  unusual  event.  The  account  forcibly  illus- 
trates one  of  the  dangers,  to  which  persona 
are  exposed,  who  are  long  subjected  to  very 
low  temperature. — Ed.] 

I  debated  a  bit  before  I  put  Cherry  in  at 


all,  for,  though  it  wasn't  snowing  then,  at 
eight  in  the  morning,  there  had  been  plenty 
in  the  night,  and  I  knew  those  great  lead- 
colored  clouds  meant  mischief  brewing,  and 
there  might  be  heavy  drifts  on  the  wild  moor- 
land road  before  I  could  reach  Burnley.  But 
then,  although  my  busiest  time,  just  about 
Christmas  and  New  Year,  was  over,  still  there 
were  a  good  heap  of  parcels  to  go,  and  all  the 
folks,  as  usual,  wanted  them  delivered  "im- 
mediate." Madge  didn't  half  like  my  start 
ing,  certainly,  but  she  isn't  one  of  those  weak 
witless  women  who  are  forever  in  a  fright 
and  for  stopping  a  man  doing  his  duty  ;  so 
she  tied  up  a  dapper  little  package  of  sand 
wiehes— "Lest  you  should  be  late  into  Burn 
ley,  Ralph,"  she  said;  "you  mustn't  go  hungry 
on  such  a  long,  cold  ride."  And  she  gave 
me  a  can  of  cold  cocoa,  too,  and  plenty  of 
warm  rugs.  All  the  parcels  were  securely 
fixed,  and  Cherry  was  impatient  to  be  gone, 
when,  just  as  Madge  was  handing  me  in  her 
nose-bag  of  oats,  in  case  of  accident  or  delay, 
a  poor,  anxious-looking  young  mother,  with 
an  infant  in  her  arms,  came  hurrying  up,  and 
begged  that  I  would  take  her  on  to  Burnley 
There  was  no  railway  station  at  our  village, 
and  the  carrier's  cart  was  often  made  availa- 
ble for  passengers  who  could  not  afford  or 
were  not  in  time  for  the  coach.  I  had  plenty 
of  room  that  morning,  but  with  the  prospect 
of  such  a  journey  I  refused  at  first  to  take  a 
woman  and  child  in  charge.  But  her  pitiful, 
passionate  appeal  I  shall  never  forget.  II 
sailor-husband  had  just  come  into  port,  sick 
and  friendless,  and  she  was  eager  to  reach  the 
junction  at  Burnley  in  time  to  go  down  by 
the  night  mail.  Such  a  piteous  appeal  I  could 
not  resist,  and  soon  she  was  comfortably  fixed 
among  the  packages,  with  her  modest  bundl 
She  paid  not  the  smallest  heed  to  my  wan 
ings  of  the  intense  cold  we  would  be  likely  to 
meet.  She  only  wrapped  the  little  one  more 
securely  in  her  shawl,  and,  woman-like,  for- 
got all  danger  and  exposure  in  the  thought 
of  child  and  husband. 

Cherry  stepped  briskly  out  down  the  quiet 
village  street — quieter  than  ever  that  morn- 
ing— every  foot-fall  and  rolling  wheel  muffled 
in  the  deep  snow.  We  went  along  a  deserted, 
dreary  road  for  a  few  miles,  and  then  up  a 
gentle  ascent,  out  on  to  the  open  moor.  A 
few  kindly  inquiries  soon  opened  the  lips  of 
my  companion,  and  she  talked  freely  of  her 
sailor-love,  home  from  his  first  short  voyage 
since  their  marriage.  He  had  come  in,  she 
said,  quite  unexpectedly  to  another  port,  and 
a  few  lines  had  reached  her,  saying  he  was 
ill  and  wanted  her;  and  then  the  anxious, 
troubled  look  came  back  to  her  face  again  as 
she  thought  of  him  sick  among  strangers, 
and  of  the  many  hours  it  would  take  to  reach 
his  side.  Meanwhile,  the  heavy  gray  clouds 
seemed  bending  down  over  the  moors  with 
their  weight  of  snow,  and  the  already  keen 
wind  rose  almost  to  a  gale,  driving  the  first 
large  Hakes  of  snow  with  great  force  into  our 
laces.  Thicker  and  faster  it  came  down,  with 
blinding  fury,  and  1  could  scarcely  see  the 
road  three  yards  ahead — not  that  there  was 
danger  of  meeting  any  thing,  but  I  had  to  be 
on  the  lookout  for  drifts,  and  in  some  parts  it 
was  difficult  to  keep  to  the  right  track,  so 
deeply  was  every  landmark  covered.  Cherry 
shook  her  till  sides,  and  went  forward  with  a 
will.  The  brisk  exercise  and  her  shaggy  coat 
kept  her  far  warmer  than  was  her  driver,  and 
she  knew  overy  inch  of  the  way  as  well  as  I 


did.  I  had  to  get  down  once  or  twice  ill 
clear  her  hoofs  from  the  heavy  balls  of  sno  \  j 
that  clung  to  them,  and  my  attention  was  mi 
taken  up  with  keeping  to  the  road  that  I 
could  no  longer  talk  to  my  companion  ;  s<\\ 
after  crooning  a  lullaby  to  her  child,  thll 
woman  fell  into  silence. 

Thicker  and  heavier  came  down  that  terrl 
ble  snowfall,  more  furiously  and  fiercely  blejj 
the  cutting  wind,  till  it  was  only  by  /oo/a'wj 
at  the  reins  I  knew  that  they  were  still  i. 
my  hands.  Every  rug  and  wrapper — an  I 
there  were  plenty — I  heaped  about  my  con  I 
panion  and  myself;  but  I  began  to  rcperj 
that  I  had  not  been  firm  in  refusing  to  bring  1 
weak  woman  and  child  through  such  weathe:j 
Fortunately  we  met  with  no  serious  driftil 
The  wind  was  so  high  that  it  drove  off  mucl 
of  the  snow  from  the  frozen  road,  and  in  som] 
places  it  was  as  clean  as  if  swept;  so  Cherr 
kept  up  her  pace,  which  I  gave  her  to  undei 
stand  must  be  today  her  very  best,  and  tj 
encourage  the  willing  beast  and  keep  up  in  I 
own  warmth,  I  ran  for  some  distance  at  he 
side.  But  I  could  not  persuade  the  younJ 
mother  to  take  any  exercise.  She  was  terri 
bly  cold,  and  I  knew  it  would  warm  and  re! 
store  her,  and  offered  to  take  the  child  whil 
she  walked,  if  only  a  dozen  yards.  But  sh 
steadfastly  refused  to  part  with  the  little  ohcl 
and  thought  it  quite  cruel  of  me  to  suggesj 
that  she  should  walk  through  such  snow  an<P 
wind.  So  I  gave  it  up,  and  persuaded  her  tii 
eat  some  of  my  Madge's  provisions,  and  t< 
take  a  few  mouthfuls  of  cocoa,  after  whicl 
she  seemed  a  little  warmer.  I  took  my  owi 
wraps,  and  added  to  those  already  about  her 
and,  by  dint  of  continual  movement,  just  man 
aged  to  keep  my  own  blood  from  freezing 
The  infant  slept,  warm  and  cosy  in  its  mo 
ther's  arms,  and  I  turned  my  thoughts  agair 
to  watching  the  road  and  keeping  Cherry  wel 
up  to  her  duty.  There  was  no  lull  in  thf 
storm.  I  missed  landmarks  which  had  nevei 
been  covered  before,  and  once  or  twice  felt  in 
some  uncertainty  about  the  way.  Benumbed 
and  half-frozen,  I  became  drowsy  and  was 
awakened  by  a  violent  jerk.  It  was  only 
Cherry  suddenly  pulling  up,  very  much  as- 
tonished that  her  master  should  have  failed 
to  notice  how  the  snow  had  balled  again  on 
her  feet.  She  had  stopped  in  sheer  despera- 
tion. Had  not  the  cold  overpowered  me  I 
should,  of  course,  have  relieved  her  long  be- 
fore. That  sudden  awakening  brought  with 
it  a  horrible  dread.  Was  this  the  fatal  sleep 
which  I  had  heard  would  overtake  those 
benumbed  with  cold,  and  which  ended  in 
death? 

I  shook  myself,  and  sprang  from  the  cart, 
cleared  Cherry's  hoofs  onco  more,  and  ran, 
till  quite  out  of  breath,  at  her  side.  Then  I 
climbed  back  to  my  seat  and  spoke  to  my 
companion.  In  the  back  of  the  cart,  under 
cover,  she  was  much  more  sheltered  than  I, 
and  was  abundantly  wrapped  in  warm  cloth- 
ing, but  she  did  not  reply.  I  left  Cherry  to 
her  own  devices,  and  seized  the  woman  by 
the  shoulder. 

"  Do  not  sleep,  at  your  peril,"  I  cried.  "  It 
is  certain  death  !  Rouse  yourself;  we  aro  well 
on  our  way.  Think  of  your  husband  await- 
ngyou!" 

But  she  only  moved  languidly,  leaned  her 
head  against  the  side  of  the  cart,  and  mur- 
mured— 

1  Leave  me  alone  ;  I  am  so  sleepy.  0  !  let 
me  be  I  no,  I  am  not  cold." 


THE    FRIEND. 


!75 


More  and  more  alarmed,  I  tried  in  vain  to 
arouse  her. 

But  I  cannot  let  you  alone  ;  you  will  die," 
I  said,  and  shook  her  again,  almost  roughly. 

But  it  was  all  in  vain.  What  was  to  be 
done?  No  house  was  in  reach  for  miles.  We 
should  yet  be  some  hours  before  reaching 
~~  urnley,  and  if  the  poor  thing  was  suffered  to 
fall  asleep  I  knew  there  would  be  no  waking, 
and  the  vital  warmth  of  the  mother  once  gone, 
what  hope  of  the  infant  surviving?  It  was  a 
horrible  thought,  but  I  felt  it  face  me  as  a 
possible  truth,  that  I  might  drive  into  Burn- 
ey  that  night,  if  I  reached  it  at  all,  with  two 
frozen  corpses!  In  that  hour  of  dire  ex- 
tremitj-  I  turned  to  the  great  Counsellor  for 
wisdom  and  guidance.  In  vain  I  tried  to 
rouse  the  woman  to  take  cocoa  or  food  ;  in 
vain  I  shook,  or  even  struck  her,  to  induce 
her  to  move.  With  her  infant  locked  in  her 
fond  embrace,  she  seemed  fast  sinking  into 
the  arms  of  death,  beyond  the  reach  of  any 
aid  I  could  give.  Should  I  use  violence?  By 
the  lash  of  my  whip  could  I  force  her  to  take 
the  exercise  that  was  her  only  hope  of  life? 

My  heart  recoiled  from  the  idea  ;  but  an- 
other thought  struck  me.     I  had  beard  ami 

ad  of  the  might  of  a  mother's  love.  Whatlfruit  ?  and  can  I  not  trust  Him  if  his  dealings 
Bbe  would  not  do  for  herself  she  might  do  tor  are  sometimes  strange?  He  will  arouse  his 
her  child.  I  drew  in  Cherry,  fastened  the  cchildren  from  the  sinful  sleep  into  which  Satan 
reins,  and  bade  her  keep  perfectly  still,  much  lulls  them  by  means  that  are  sometimes  start- 
to  the  good  horse's  bewilderment  in  the  midst  ling  and  painful,  but  it  is  only  that  the  glow 
of  the  howling,  drifting  storm 


life  were  flowing  in  her  veins,  and  at  last  that 
the  fatal  drowsiness  was  entirely  thrown  off. 
Then  I  stopped,  and  she  sprang  up  to  my  side 
in  a  moment,  and  snatching  her  child  from 
my  arms,  lulled  it  to  sleep  on  her  bosom. 
Not  till  then  was  her  frantic  terror  appeased, 
and  she  began  to  understand  the  motive  for 
my  strange  conduct.  A  short  time  after  we 
drove  safely  into  Burnley,  and  when  I  put 
her  into  a  comfortable  seat  in  the  train  she 
thanked  me,  with  tears  in  her  eyes,  for  the 
strange  service  I  had  rendered,  and  as  she 
looked  lovingly  down  on  her  sleeping  boy, 
she  added  : 

"  It  seemed  so  cruel  ;  but,  0,  it  was  most 
kind.  If  you  had  not  done  it  my  child  would 
have  been  motherless  now." 

And  the  next  day,  when  Cherry  and  I  jog- 
ged home  again,  under  brighter  skies,  her 
words  came  back  to  me.  '•Seemed  cruel!'' 
It  did  indeed — nothing  could  have  looked 
more  heartless  and  barbarous;  but  it  was  the 
salvation  of  a  precious  life,  perhaps  of  two. 
And  was  it  possible  that  I  should  be  more 
wise  and  tender  to  a  perfect  stranger  than  is 
my  heavenly  Father  toward  me?  Have  not 
some  bitter  trials  of  my  past  life  borne  sweet 


themselves  from  stage-plays  ;  that  all  those 
pagans  who  either  acted  or  frequented  plays, 
did  immediately  upon  their  conversion  to  the 
Christian  faith,  and  their  very  first  admit- 
tance into  the  Church  of  Christ,  ever  publicly 
renounce  all  future  acting  or  resort  to  plays  ; 
and  that  none  but  Pagans,  unchaste,  profane, 
and  graceless  persons,  who  were  cast  out  of 
the  Church  by  public  censures,  did  use  to 
flock  unto  them." 

Having  thus  pursued  the  subject,  more  ex- 
haustively perhaps  than  any  other  writer, 
Prynne  gives  his  views  upon  reforming  the 
stage,  in  the  following  plainly-expressed  and 
eloquent  conclusion  : 

'•  Many  are  the  laws  which  have  been  en- 
acted ;  much  the  care  that  hath  been  taken 
by  sundry  States  and  censors  in  all  ages,  to 
lop  off  the  enormities,  allay  the  poison,  purge 
out  the  filth  and  gross  corruptions  of  these 
stage-plays,  and  so  to  reduce  them  to  a  laud- 
able and  inoffensive  use:  but  yet  these  Ethi- 
opians still  retain  their  black  infernal  hue; 
these  vipers  keep  their  soul-devouring  poison 
still  ;  these  Augean  stables  are  as  polluted 
(yea,  more  dented)  now,  as  ever  heretofore: 
no  art,  no  age,  no  nation  could  ever  yet 
abridge,  much  less  reform,  their  exorbitant 
corruptions  and  enormities;  their  hurt  doth 
far  transcend  their  good;  their  abuses  far 
overpoise  their  use:  they  are  so  crooked  and 
distorted  in  themselves,  that  no  art  can  make 
them  straight;  there  is  no  other  means  left  to 


Then,  with  of  holy  life  may  return,  and  peaceful  blessing  them  stn: 
great  difficulty,  I  lifted   both  mother  and  in-  take  the  place  of  the  terror  of  a  rude  awaken-  reform  them,  but  utterly  to  abolish  them." 
fant  from  the  cart,  and  placed  my  burden  in  ing.     Of  course,  I  told  Madge  the  story,  and       Leaving  Prynne,  who  ( as  said  before)  wrote 
the  snow  by  the  roadside      ' 


the  thoughts  it  had  given  rise  to  on  my  home- in    the   time  of  the   profligate   Charles   the 
ward  journey.  Second  and  his  dissolute  court,  let  us  consult 

the  views  upon  theatre-going  of  one  who,  up- 
ward of  a  century  later,  made  careful  exam- 
ination of  the  subject :  I  allude  to  the  excel- 


I  remember  think 

ing  how  wrongly  any  passer-by,  if  such  there 

"  been,  might  have  judged  my  action.)  The 

movement  roused  her  a  little.     She  stirred  as 

put  her  down,  and   said,  "  What  are  you 

doing?    Have  we  reached  Burnley  ?"    "No," 

I  said,  loudly  and  roughly  in  her  ears,  "  but  I  you  did,  and  shrank  from  infl 
am  going  to  take  your  child  from  you,"  and,  terror.     Neither  cloth  our    Fathe 

with  that,  I  tore  away  the  infant  from  her  en-iairlict  or  grieve  the  children  of  men.  and  the  a  view  to  her  goin 
circling-  arms,  and  placed  it  under  the  shelter  j'  chastening'  that  seems  so  '  grievous'  is  surely 
It  gave  a  shrill,  wailing  cry  as  for  our  profit,  that  we   might  be  'partakers 
of  his  holiness.'" — The  Quiver. 


"  Yes,  Ealph,"  she  said,  "  and  let  the  saving 
of  this  life  be  ever  in  our  remembrance  to 
brighten  the  next  dark,  strange  trouble  that 
comes   to   us.     You  were  unwilling  to  do  as  lent  Hannah  More.     The  possessor,  as  was 


ot  my  coat,     .,6u,u  „  „......,  6 

I  sprang  into  my  seat  again,  which  I  knew 

Id  not  fail  to  reach  the  mother's  ears.  I 
caught  the  reins,  and  gave  Cherry  almost  the 
only  "cut"  with  the  whip  she  had  ever  re- 
ceived at  my  hands,  which  made  her  spring 
forward  with  an  indignant  bound,  and  fling 
the  snow  aside  as  she  plunged  on  with  swift, 

iatient  strides.  She  might  well  wonder 
what  possessed  her  master.    With  the  fright- 

d  child  folded  to  my  breast  in  my  right 
arm,  and  my  left  hand  grasping  the  reins,  I 
leaned  out  and  gazed  back  anxiously  to  see  if 
mj'  plan  was  successful.  And  though  through 
the  blinding  storm  I  could  at  first  discern 
nothing,  the  sound  that  broke  on  m}-  ears  told 
of  life  and  hope.  "  My  child  !  my  child  !"  rang 
out  in  a  cry  of  agony  on  the  snowy  air,  and 
presently  I  saw  that  the  mother  had  sprung 
to  her  feet,  and  was  madly  and  desperately 
fighting  her  way  over  the  difficult  road.  More 
swiftly  than  I  could  myself  have  made  head- 
way under  such  conditions  on  she  came,  and, 
as  I  paused  to  watch  her,  would  in  a  few  mo- 
ments have  been  at  Cherry's  side,  but  I  moved 
forward  again,  and,  as  she  neared  me,  on 
farther  still. 

How  I  did  it  I  can  never  tell.  It  seemed 
such  cruel,  agonizing  work.  But  I  did,  and 
the  brave,  loving  mother  held  on  for  nearly 
half  a  mile,  and  each  time  that  she  closely 
approached  the  cart  I  saw  that  the  color  was 
returning  to  her  white  face,  that  health  and 


The  Theatre: 


For  "  The  Fr 


.4/1  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordaney  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  266.) 

Sa  Man,  bishop  of  Marseilles,  says  of  theatre- 
goers who  have  professed  the  new  faith, — 
"Thou  hast  once  renounced  the  devil  and  his 
spectacles,  and  by  this  thou  must  needs  know 
that  thou  dost  return  to  the  devil,  when  thou 
dost  wittingly  and  knowingly  return  to  stage- 
plays." 

"The  true  soldiers  of  Christ,"  says  Bernard, 
"reject  and  abominate  players  and  stage- 
plays,  as  vanities  and  false  frenzies." 

Prynne  quotes  still  others — the  foremost 
writers  among  the  earl}'  Christians  and  those 
of  the  centuries  immediately  succeeding,  as 
Cyprian,  Lactantius,  Ambrose,  Basil,  &c, — as 
well  as  the  deliberate  acts  of  fifty-four  general, 
national,  and  Provincial  Councils,  ancient 
and  modern, — all  bearing  unequivocal  testi- 
mony against  plays  and  play- houses  as  being 
Satan's  own.  Hence,  summing  up  the  testi- 
mony gathered  from  the  primitive  period  of 
the  Christian  Church,  our  author  says  :  "  We 
have  the  express  testimony  of  sundry  Fathers 
and  Councils,  that  all  the  godly  Christians  in 
the  Primitive  Church  did  wholly  withdraw 


pain  and  thought,  of  some  dramatic  talent,  she  ws 
"llinglyltroduced  to  the  celebrated  actor  Garrick,  with 
pon  the  stage  ;  but,  be- 
coming convinced  of  the  demoralizing  charac- 
ter of  the  pursuit,  she  happily  relinquished 
her  purpose.  This  discerning  woman,  in  ad- 
ducing the  testimony  of  the  Holy  Scriptures 
and  of  the  unflattering  witness  within,  re- 
marks : 

"  I  would  take  leave  of  those  amiable  and 
not  ill-disposed  young  persons  who  complain 
of  the  rigor  of  human  prohibitions,  and  de- 
clare 'they  meet  with  no  such  strictness  in  the 
gospel,'  by  asking  them  with  the  most  affec- 
tionate earnestness,  if  they  can  conscientiously 
reconcile  their  nightly  attendance  at  every 
public  place  which  they  frequent,  with  such 
precepts  as  the  following:  'Redeeming  the 
time' — 'Watch  and  pray' — 'Watch,  for  ye 
know  not  at  what  time  your  Lord  cometh' — 
'Abstain  from  all  appearance  of  evil' — 'Set 
your  affections  on  things  above' — 'Be  ye 
spiritually  minded' — 'Crucify  the  flesh  with 
its  affections  and  lusts.'  And  I  would  venture 
to  offer  one  criterion  by  which  the  persons  in 
question  may  be  enabled  to  decide  on  the 
positive  innocence  and  safety  of  such  diver- 
sions ;  I  mean,  provided  they  are  sincere  in 
their  scrutiny  and  honest  in  their  avowal. 
If,  on  their  return  at  night  from  these  places 
they  find  they  can  retire  and  '  commune  with 
their  own  hearts;'  if  they  can  'bring  every 
thought  into  subjection,'  and  concentrate 
every  wandering  imagination  ,  if  the}-  can  so- 
berly examine  into  their  own  state  of  mind : 
I  do  not  say,  if  they  can  do  all  this  perfectly 
and  without  distraction  (for  who  can  do  this 


276 


THE    FRIEND. 


at  any  time?)  but,  if  they  can  do  it  with  the 
same  degree  of  seriousness,  pray  with  the  same 
degree  of  fervor,  and  renounce  the  world  in  as 
great  a  measure  as  at  other  times  ;  and  if  they 
can  lie  down  with  a  peaceful  consciousness  of 
having  avoided  in  the  evening  that  'tempta- 
tion' which  they  bad  prayed  not  to  be  'led 
into'  in  the  morning,  they  may  then  more 
reasonably  hope  that  all  is  well,  and  that  they 
are  not  speaking  false  peace  in  their  hearts. 

"Again,  if  we  cannot  beg  the  blessing  of 
our  Maker  on  whatever  we  are  going  to  do 
or  to  enjoy,  is  it  not  an  unequivocal  proof  that 
the  thing  ought  not  to  be  done  or  enjoyed? 
On  all  the  rational  onjoyments  of  society,  on 
all  healthful  and  temperate  exercise,  on  the 
delights  of  friendship,  arts  and  polished  let- 
ters, on  the  exquisite  pleasures  resulting  from 
the  enjoyment  of  rural  sccneiy  and  the  beau- 
ties of  nature;  on  the  innocent  participation 
of  these  we  may  ask  the  divine  favor — for 
the  sober  enjoyment  of  these  we  may  thank 
the  divine  beneficence  ;  but  do  we  feel  equally 
disposed  to  invoke  blessings  or  return  praises 
for  gratifications  found  (to  say  no  worse)  in 
levity,  in  vanity,  and  waste  of  time?  If  these 
tests  were  fairly  used  ;  if  these  experiments 
were  honestly  tried;  if  these  examinations 
were  conscientiously  made,  may  we  not  with- 
out offence  presume  to  ask — Could  our  numer- 
ous places  of  public  resort,  could  our  ever- 
multiplying  scenes  of  more  select  but  not  less 
dangerous  diversion,  nightly  overflow  with 
an  excess  hitherto  unparalleled  in  the  annals 
of  pleasure  ?" 

Next,  in  regard  to  the  stage  being  a  school 
of  morals,  as_some  have  vainly  claimed,  John 


for  the  ancient  Roman  heroes  than  for  saints 
and  martyrs." 

To  recur  again  to  Prynne — he  also  says, 
respecting  stage-piays  teaching  virtues  :  "But 
I  never  3'et  could  hear  or  read  of  any  ancient 
or  modern  actor,  composer  or  spectator  of 
any  theatrical  interludes,  whom  plays  recalled 
from  the  love,  the  practice  of  any  vices,  that 
were  ever  acted  on  the  stage,  whereas  they 
have  drawn  millions  to  imitate  them." 


(To  be  1 


For  "  The  Friend." 

An  article  in  "The  Friend"  of  3rd  mo.  8th, 
headed  "In  Memoriam."  calls  to  mind  a  visit 
made  to  one  of  the  Friends  alluded  to,  (as  I 
suppose,)  11th  mo.  4th,  1883,  when  she  was 
found  in  a  very  happy,  tender  and  childlike 
disposition  of  mind.  The  following  lines  were 
pencilled  soon  after  returning  home,  and  not 
till  now  exposed  to  other  eyes  than  those  of 
the  writer.  . 

ACROSTIC. 

Allwise  Dispenser  of  our  every  good  ! 

Now,  that  thy  Providence  hath  brought  her  lov 

New  light,  and  blessings  from  thy  bounty  flow. 

Crosses  are  light — afflictions  lose  their  force 
O'er  those  supported  by  thy  guardian  care — 
Preserved  in  Thee,  as  needle  to  its  course, 
Enduring  joys  attend  them,  everywhere! 
Marshallton. 

For  "  The  Friei 

THE  CHOSEN  WAY. 

"  Commit  thy  way  unto  the  Lord  ;  trust  also  in  '. 
and  He  shall  bring  it  to  pass." 


Witherspoon,  President  of  Princeton  College,  rp,     ,      ,,   ,      . ,    •  a  ...  n„D  „„  „„.  „,  ,  .  , 

■  „  ,,  .      ,  .      ,,  r.      •  -n  .        .  "        thanks  olt  should  n>e,  thai  (  > r  1 1  •  so  great  ana  high, 

wrote  as  follows  in  his  "  Serious  Enquiry  into 

the  Nature  and  Effects  of  the  Stage." 

"If  the  stage  be  a  proper  method  of  pro- 
moting the  interests  of  religion,  then  is  Sa- 
tan's kingdom  divided  against  itself,  which 

he  is  more  cunning  than    to   suffer  it  to  be.  So  free  his  love;  no  human  worth  or  gold 
For  whatever  debate  there  be,  whether  good  '     Can  buy  the  precious  peace,  his  Spirit  brings, 
men  may  attend  the  theatre,  there  can  be  no  Bul ; He  <l""1  ■'">.<>."'  rVfuse  of  his  fuki> 
question  at  all  that  no  openly  vicious  man  is  'And"  ^'  ,'heir  'Lwf  weary  ones  may  hide, 
an  enemy  to  it,  and  that  the  far  greater  part  1     Protected  at  his  side, 
of  them  do  passionately  love  it.     Nothing  is1 
more  certain  than  that,  taking  the  world  ac-  The  friends  beside  us  in  the  ways  of  life 

,.        ,     .x  '      .,  .°,,  May  never  know  the  struggles  01  our  own  : 

cording  to  its  appearance,  it  is  the  worse  part  But  every  (,<)lll|i,L  „ril.,-  .,„,,-  illWiird  slrif 
of  it  that  shows   most  passion  for  this  enter-!     Unto  our  Lord  is  known; 
tainment,  and  the   best  that  avoids  and  fears  And  in  his  judgment,  ever  kind  and  just, 
it,— than  which  there  can  hardly  be  a  worse)     Each  troubled  heart  may  trust. 


Even  from  Heaven,  considers  our  estate, 
And  to  the  poor  and  lowly  draweth  nigh, 

As  kind  as  to  the  great ; 
Life's  little  griefs  and  anxious  toil  and  care, 

He  helps  each  one  to  bear. 


means  of  doing  good. 


None  are  too  poor,  his  loving  care  to  clai 


This  assumption  of  moral   teaching  on  be- 1     And  none  so  tried  that  He  cannot  upli 
half  of  the  stage,  is  controverted  in  an  essay  And  many  times,  from  out  the  hottest  flame 
against  plays,  issued  by  the  Jansenists  of  Port '  ,  He  brings  the  purest  gold— 
Royal  about  the   beginning  of  last  century.  And  thwe  who  oU*  mo*  ^  fc.  pwrwd  *imc* 
They  say : 

"  It  is  so  true  that  plays  are  almost  always 
a  representation  of  vicious  passions,  that  the 
most  part  of  Christian  virtues  are  incapable 
of  appearing  upon  the  stage.  Silence,  patience, 
moderation,  poverty,  repentance,  are  no  vir- 
tues the  representation  of  which  can  divert 
the  spectators;  and  above  all,  we  never  hear 
humility  spoken  of,  and  the  bearing  of  in- 
juries. It  would  be  strange  to  see  a  modest 
and  silent  religious  person  represented.  There 
must  bo  something  great  and  renowned  ac- 
cording to  men,  or  at  least  something  lively 
and  animated,  which  is  not  met  withal  in 
Christian  gravity  and  wisdom  ;  and  therefore, 
those  who  have  been  desirous  to  introduce 
holy  men  and  women  upon  the  stage,  have 
been  forced  to  make  them  appear  proud,  and 
to  make  them  utter  discourses  more  proper 


Nearest  the  cross,  oft  stand. 

Hence,  thanks  are  due,  for  e'en  the  cup  of  grief 
That  makes  us  seek  the  solace  He  can  bring ; 

And  for  the  heart-thirst  that  can  find  relief 
Alone  at  Shiloh's  spring  ; 

For  every  aching  wound,  so  deep,  we  feel 
That  only  Christ  can  heal. 

Thro'  heights  or  depths  thou,  Father,  knoweth  best 
To  choose  for  each,  the  safest  pathway  home; 

And  when  we  heed  not  thy  Divine  behest, 
Nor  hear  thy  gentle,  "Come!" 

Stretch  forth  tlie  rod,  if  need  be  :  hedge  the  way  ; 
But  do  not  let  us  stray. 

Taught  by  thy  grace,  each  conflict  shall  seem  right, 

Thy  gentle  counsel  grow  to  us  more  dear,— 
Nor  anxious  we,  tho'  starless  be  the  night, 

If  Thou,  dear  Lord,  art  near; 
Each  dawn  but  waiteth  thy  Divine  command, 

Each  gift  is  from  thy  Hand. 

Y.  N.  T. 

Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  3d  mo.  1884. 


The  Charity  Ball. 

If  "Bishop"  Stevens  is  correctly  reports] 
in  The  Times,  we  must  conclude  that  he  holdf 
to  one  standard  of  action  for  "  church  work  J 
and  another  standard  for  work  not  imnuj 
diately  connected  with  "the  church."  HI 
says:  "If  the  offering  was  made  to  a  church!! 
or  to  the  actual  support  of  religion,  I  woulif 
oppose  taking  it."  "I  hold  that  in  bequest) 
(of  this  kind)  no  question  is  or  can  be  raisei] 
consistently  as  to  the  *  *  *  various  mean  J 
by  which  the  money  was  acquired.  The  oh] 
jection  only  applies  to  the  acceptance  of  suclj 
money  for  the  service  or  sanctuary  of  God.  ] 
He  says  further.  "  as  to  balls  *  *  *  I  am  op] 
posed  to  them,"  &c. 

I  have  long  thought  that  one  of  the  greaj 
obstacles  to  the  spread  of  the  Redeemer'! 
kingdom  in  the  earth,  has  been  and  is,  thij 
disposition  to  accommodate  men  with  twil 
standards  of  religious  obligations — one  foil 
"  church"  use  and  another  for  secular  use—] 
one  for  the  minister,  another  for  the  layman 
— one  for  "  the  sanctuary,"  another  for  thJ 
office.  I  can  perceive  no  authority  in  Scrip! 
ture  for  a  liberty  to  the  layman  that  is  denieel 
the  minister;  for  a  kind  of  "  pleasurable  enter! 
tainment"  for  "  respectable  gentlemen"  w'hicll 
"  bishops,"  &c,  may  not  indulge  in.  "Bishop'| 
Stevens  tells  us  his  objections  to  the  ball  ;  hi 
must  know  that  to  remove  those  objections] 
the  ball  falls — it  cannot  exist  without  them- 
they  are  its  life. 

I  prefer,  however,  to  answer  him  by  giving 
the  experience  of  a  member  of  his  own  de 
nomination  regarding  these  "lawful"  enter 
tainments.  Writing  to  a  school-fellow  01 
"  worldly  conformity,"  Adelaide  Newton  saj's 
"  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  if  you  are  muct 
occupied  with  thoughts  of  heaven,  of  holin 
of  the  meek  and  lowly  Jesus,  and  how  H( 
lived  and  walked  on  earth,  you  will  feel 
secret  shrinking  from  worldly  society,  which 
will  make  balls  and  such  amusements  verv 
painful  to  you.  God  has  left  no  positive  com- 
mands upon  things  of  this  sort;  for  He  knows 
that  where  the  heart  is  given  to  Him,  the  life 
will  assuredly  be  given  too." 

I  am  glad  to  see,  on  one  hand,  the  amount 
of  tenderness  of  conscience  which  has  beem 
developed  in  the  agitation  of  this  question  j 
and  on  the  other,  sorry  to  witness  weakness 
just  where  we  should  look  for  strength.  I 
am  pained  also  to  see  that  our  dailies  can 
treat  the  subject  with  so  much  coarseness: 
but  we  must  remember  that  much  of  their 
trade  would  be  gone,  if  Christians  walked 
more  with  Jesus  and  less  with  the  world. 
S.  E. 


The  Great  Salt  Lake. 

BY    FKOF.    A.    S.    PACKARD,    JR. 

The  first  glimpse  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  of 
Utah  is  an  era  in  a  traveller's  life.  As  he 
leaves  Ogden  by  the  evening  train  to  Salt 
Lake  Cit}-,  crosses  the  Weber  river  and 
peeds  southward  over  the  sage-brush  plain, 
the  former  bed  of  the  lake,  the  departing  rays 
of  the  setting  sun  glorify  a  scene  of  almost 
stial  beauty.  Beautiful  and  sublime  as 
the  views  from  certain  points  of  the 
Italian  Lakes,  none  have  made  such  impres- 
sions upon  our  mind  as  those  of  the  Great 
Salt  Lake  of  rjtah. 

Another  feature,  besides  tho  blue  waters, 
the  mountainous  coast  and  the  great  oxtent 


THE    FRIEND. 


277 


lake,  all  of  which  make  it  seem  like  an  molluscs  must  have  lived  in  abundance  in  the 
sea,  is  the  large  sea  gulls  which  hover  waters  of  the  lake;  and  from  specimens  dis- 
ts  waters  and   scream  in   true  nauti-  covered  by  the  United  States  geologists  in 


stance,  have  been  liberally  supplied,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  others  will  make  a  like  applica- 
tion. 

The  writer  has  been  consulted  in  regard  to 
the  establishment  of  auxiliaries  within  the 
limits  of  our  own  Yearly  Meeting.  It  does 
seem  that  in  some  places,  more  good  might 
be  accomplished  by  associated  than  by  indi- 
vidual efforts.  Friends  should  judge  of  the 
situation  in  their  own  neighborhoods  and  de- 
cide accordingly.  Many  who  reside  near  the 
city  can  conveniently  call  at  the  Depository 
and  make  their  own  selections.  Yet  it  is 
well  to  remember  that  there  is  strength  in  a 
united  exercise  of  spirit ;  and  that  in  watering 
others  it  is  promised  that  we  shall  be  watered 
ourselves.  Good  seed  sown  upon  prepared 
soil  often  yields  a  manifold  increase.  And 
the  opportunities  for  good  are  not  wanting  to 
him  or  her  whose  eye  is  upon  the  Master. 

The  following  Friends  were  appointed 
Managers  for  the  current  year,  viz:  John  C. 
Allen.'  Samuel  Allen,  Mark  Baklerston,  George 
.1.  Scattergood,  Edward  Maris,  John  S.  Stokes, 
Elton  B.  Gifford,  Ephraim  Smith,  Joseph  W. 
Lippincott.  Thomas  Elkinton,  Benjamin  Yail, 
David  Heston.  John  H.  Dillingham,  Joseph 
J.  Walton,  William  II.  Brown,  Benjamin 
lloopes  and  Finley  llutton. 

Pliiladu.,  3rd  mo.  31st,  1884. 


A  Few  Thoughts  on  Man. 

It  appears  that  man  was  made  of  the  dust 
of  the  ground;  when  not  only  it,  but  every- 
thing that  God  had  made,  "was  very  good." 
So  he  was  made  of  pure  materials,  and  by  the 
pure  and  living   God,  as   in   his  own  image, 


eal  fashion  in  rough  weather  or  rest  peace-  similar  marls  in  other  localities,  amounting 
fully  on  its  placid  surface  in  calm  days.  This  in  all  to  a  dozen  species.  Thus  there  was  an 
bird,  the  California  gull,  is  a  wanderer  from  abundant  assemblage  of  shell-fish,  represent- 
the  Pacific  Coast.  It  crosses  the  Sierra  Ne-  cd  by  countless  individuals  which  peopled  the 
vada  and  spreads  over  the  Great  Basin, 'ancient  lake.  This  is  direct  proof  that  the 
abounding  on  Great  Salt  Lake.  It  is  said  by  water  was  almost,  if  not  quite,  fresh.  When 
Ridgway  to  nest  in  immense  colonies  on  the  it  became  so  low  that  its  outlet  into  the  Snake 
rocky  islands  of  the  Lake,  particularly  Car-  River  was  cut  off,  its  waters  became  salt  by 
rington  Island.  The  royal  tern  is  also  a  visit-  evaporation  and  the  saline  matter  carried 
or,  as  is  Forster's  tern.  But  the  gulls  have  into  it  by  the  streams  pouring  into  it. 
endeared  themselves  to  the  Mormon  heart  by|  What  a  contrast  does  the  present  lake  pre- 
their  efficient  aid  in  lessening  the  numbers  of  sent !  It  is  simply  a  great,  shallow  brine  pool, 
grasshoppers  and  crickets.  They  settle  down  averaging  about  fifteen  feet  in  depth,  and 
in  large  flocks  upon  the  "benches',  and  run  with  a  profusion  of  living  beings,  which  exist 
about  after  the  "  war"  or  "  Mormon"  crickets, ''  under  such  unique  conditions  as  to  excite  our 
those  great,  comical,  wingless  creatures,  which  surprise. —  The  Independent. 

at  times  gather  in  enormous  swarms  and  over-  — • 

run  the  settler's  wheat-fields,  committing  ter-  ,  Z°!"1,heF 

ribie  havoc.  Tract  Association  of  Friends. 

The  "benches"  we  have  referred  to,  are  of  The  Annual  Meeting  held  in  this  city,  3rd 
peculiar  geological  interest,  and  are  a  charac-  mo.  26th,  was  one  of  the  largest  since  the  or- 
teristic  feature  of  the  lake  scenery.  They  are  ganization  of  the  association  in  1810.  Nearly 
long  terraces  or  banks  extending  around  the  one  half  of  those  present  were  women  Friends; 
lake  at  different  heights,  from  near  the  level  also  a  considerable  number  of  young  people 
of  the  water  to  an  altitude  of  1,000  feet  above  of  both  sexes.  The  Board  of  Managers  were 
the  present  level.  These  benches  are  situat-  encouraged  to  continue  to  keep  on  hand  a  full 
ed  on  the  flanks  of  the  mountains,  and  are  supply  of  our  publications,  and  also  to  be 
only  interrupted  by  the  canons  which  extend  watchful  to  embrace  openings  for  their  circt 
down  toward  the  lake  valleys;  so  well  mark-  lation.  On  the  1st  of  3rd  month,  there  wer 
ed  are  the}-  that  the  most  unobservant  tourist  25!i,~3S  tracts  at  the  Depository  ready  for  use. 
is  attracted  b}'  their  regular  lines  and  even  One  new  tract  had  been  added  the  past  yea 
slopes.  These  benches  have  a  most  interest-  In  their  Annual  Report,  the  -Managers  recite 
ling  story  to  tell.  They  indicate,  in  unmis-  the  measures  taken  by  them  to  enlarge  their 
takable  language,  the  successive  stages  in  the  usefulness  by  establishing  auxiliary  societies. 
history  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  beginning  with  They  say  : 

the  time  when  it  was  a  vast  expanse  of  fresh  j      "  About  the  first  of  the  present  year,  a  cir- 

water,  whose  outlet  was  the  Snake  river,  cular  was  prepared  calling  the  attention  of,  with  a  command  to  be  fruitful,  and  to  multi- 
■which  drained  its  waters  into  the  Columbia,  Friends  to  the  subject.  A  copy  of  this  cir- '  ply  ami  replenish  the  earth.  So  it  appears 
and  through  the  Cascade  Range  into  the  Pa-  cular  was  enclosed  with  one  of  our  Annual  the  earth,  while  it  was  yet  good,  was  fitted 
cifie  Ocean.  Tho  present  benches  or  terraces  Reports,  and  sent  to  about  ninety  Friends  in  for  the  accomodation  and  enjoyment  of  man 
are  the  shore  lines  of  this  ancient  lake.  different  parts  of  the  Society  in  this  country  while  in  his  purity.     But  when  Adam  lost 

This  ancient  lake  lay  over  the  Great  Salt  and  in  Canada.  Besides  enlarging  our  field  his  purity,  by  departing  from  the  law  of  his 
Lake  Desert,  and  had  a  depth  of  about  nine  of  labor,  the  special  advantages  expected  from  Maker,  the  ground  was  cursed  for  his  sake, 
hundred  feet,  being  a  thousand  feet  in  the  this  step  were  :  1.  By  interesting  Friends  of  and  was  not  to  yield  its  full  strength,  but  to 
deepest  parts,  its  average  depth  being  about  [different  sections  in  personally  distributing  bring  forth  thorns  and  thistles;  and  Adam 
four  hundred  feet.  Its  extreme  length,  from  'publications  explaining  and  commending  our  j  was  to  eat  the  herb  of  the  field,  and  in  sorrow 
north  to  south,  was  not  far  from  three  hun-  belief,  a  bond  of  closer  sympathy  and  unity  he  was  to  eat  of  it  all  the  days  of  his  life; 
dred  and  fifty  miles,  while  its  greatest  width  ! might  be  strengthened  among  those  who  arejfor  now  sin,  which  caused  sorrow,  had  enter- 
may  have  been  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  widely  separated  outwardly.  2.  The  younger  ed  into  the  world, 
miles.  ibeing   encouraged    to  co-operate  with  those]      Evil  was  introduced  by  man's  partaking  of 

On  the  sides  of  the  Oquirrh  Mountains  are  who  are  older,  might  become  themselves  bet-'the  tree  of  knowledge  of  good  and  evil;  and 
a  series  of  rock  precipices,  which  were  plainly 'ter  acquainted  with  and  prepared  to  adopt  the  two  seeds  of  good  and  evil  have  been  in 
enough  worn  out  of  the  sides  of  the  moun-  the  faith  of  our  fathers  in  the  Truth.  3.  Our  the  world,  or  in  the  heart  of  the  unregenerate 
tains,  which  are  of  limestone,  by  the  beating  real  principles  would  be  likely  to  have  a  chan-  man  from  that  day  to  this,  each  bearing  fruit 
of  the  waves.  In  one  of  these  rock  shelves  is  nel  of  conveyance  among  some  who,  while  after  its  own  kind.  And  these  fruits  are  con- 
a  deep  cavern,  or  "Purgatory,"  about  two  professing  with  us,  have  been  more  or  less  trary,  the  one  to  the  other,  and  as  different  as 
hundred  feet  above  the  present  level  of  the  misled  by  teachings  that  are  destroying  every-  Christ  is  from  Belial.  So  there  is  a  warfare, 
lake,  which  had  been  worn  out  by  the  waves.jtbing  that  distinguishes  Friends  from  other  And  Christ  came  not  to  give  peace  between 
The  cave  is  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  Christian  professors.  A  sufficient  time  has  the  two  discordant  elements,  but  a  sword, — 
deep,  and  the  chasm  is  twelve  feet  wide  at  the  elapsed  to  lead  us  to  believe  that  all  these  re-  the  sword  of  the  Spirit, — to  be  used  in  the 
entrance,  tho  walls  converging  to  the  furtherjsults  are  likely  to  be  realized.  A  lively 
end;  the  roof  is  of  breccia.  Upon  searching!  terest  in  the  subject  has  been  awakened." 
nnder  the  stones  lying  about  on  the  floor,  we  Eight  auxiliaries  have  been  formed  in  Ohio, 
found  several  insects — a  harvostman,  a  thou-  Iowa  and  Canada.    These  have  received  with- 

sand-legs,    and    other  forms,    which    showed, in  the  last  few   weeks,   upwards   of  twenty 

that  in  this  isolated  cave  there  existed  a  true  J  thousand  tracts  ;  also  a  number  of  juvenile  has  the  breath  of  an  immortal  life,  which  con- 
cave-fauna. On  digging  into  the  black  loam  and  religious  books.  In  other  localities,  move-  stitutes  him  an  accountable  being,  a  living 
of  the  floor  of  thecave,  human  skull-bones  ments  are  in  progress  which  will  probably  \soul.  And  though  it  is  in  man,  yet  it  is  not 
■were  found,  which  indicated  that  the  cave  increase  the  number  of  these  sub-associations. ;  of  man,  but  was  placed  in  him  by  his  great 
bad  been  either  inhabited,  or  served  at  least  A  number  of  individuals  in  different  parts  of  Creator.  We  are  told  that  the  soul,  the  im- 
as  the  temporary  retreat  of  the  TJte  Indians,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan  and  mortal  part,  when  the  body  returns  to  the 
or  their  ancestors.  Iowa,  have  written  to  our  Agent  for  supplies  dust,  will  return  to  God  that  gave  it. 

Under  the  black  loam  the  cave  is  floored  of  tracts,  who,  either  from  isolation  or  from  Nothing  short  of  the  inspiration  of  the  Al- 
with  a  light-colored  marl  containing  little  some  other  cause,  have  been  without  eo-  mighty,  the  breath  of  life,  the  quickening 
fresh-water  snail-shells.     It  is  plain  that  these  operators  in  the  work.     These,  in  every  in-  Spirit,   can    give    him    an    understanding   in 


warfare  in  overcoming  the  evil  one.     (Matt. 
x.  34.) 

At  the  creation  of  man,  it  is  said  that  God 
breathed  in  him  the  breath  of  life,  and  he  be- 
came a  living  soul.     We  must  admit  that  man 


278 


THE    FRIEND. 


heavenly  things.  The  natural  man  may  have 
an  understanding  in  relation  to  the  natural 
things  of  this  world,  by  the  spirit  of  man  that 
is  in  him,  and  yet  fall  far  short  of  compre- 
hending the  deep  things  of  God,  for  they  are 
only  spiritually  discerned,  yea,  the}-  are  hid 
from  the  wise  and  prudent  of  this  world,  and 
revealed  only  to  the  new-born  babes  in  Christ. 
So  we  must  be  born  again,  and  changed  from 
the  fallen  nature  to  a  state  of  grace,  and  from 
darkness  to  light ;  from  the  power  of  Satan 
to  the  power  of  God,  before  we  can  under- 
stand the  deep  things  of  God.  The  same  cre- 
ative Word  that  moved  upon  the  face  of  the 
waters  in  the  flrst  creation,  saying:  Let  there 
be  light !  now  moves  on  the  unstable  elements 
in  the  heart  of  men,  in  order  to  separate  the 
light  from  darkness,  and  to  create  us  anew  in 
Christ  Jesus,  with  clean  hearts,  and  a  right 
spirit  renewed  within  us.  For  God,  who 
commanded  the  light  to  shine  out  of  dark- 
ness in  the  old  creation,  now  shines  in  our 
dark  hearts,  to  give  us  the  light  of  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  glory  of  God  in  the  appearance  of 
Jesus  Christ,  his  Son,  by  whom  lie  made  the 
world,  and  by  whom  we  are  redeemed,  and 
by  whom  we  shall  be  judged  when  He  comes 
in  the  glory  of  the  Father,  with  all  the  holy 

But  our  dark  hearts  do  not  comprehend 
the  light,  only  as  they  arc  in  some  degree 
quickened  by  Him  who  is  the  life  and  light  of 
men.  And  if  while  we  have  the  light,  we  be- 
lieve in  the  light,  and  walk  in  it,  we  shall  be- 
come the  children  of  that  light  whicb  shines 
more  and  more  unto  the  perfect  day,  being 
changed  from  gloiy  to  glory,  even  as  by  the 
spirit  of  the  Lord. 

But  even  if  we  are  redeemed  from  all  ini- 
quity, and  placed  back  to  the  happy  condi- 
tion that  our  first  parents  were  in  before  they 
fell,  yet  we  have  to  watch.  Man  at  the  first 
was  placed  in  a  state  of  probation  ;  and  that 
probation  is  still  continued.  We  have  the 
same  unwearied  enemy  to  contend  with  that 
Adam  and  Eve  had,  and  that  met  with  th 
sons  of  God  in  the  days  of  Job,  and  that  meets 
with  us  when  we  assemble  to  worship,  and 
that  tempted  our  Saviour  when  He  was  per- 
sonally among  men,  and  whom  we  must  now 
resist,  steadfast  in  the  faith  ;  for  it  is  evident 
that  "  he  desires  to  have  us,  that  he  might 
sift  us  as  wheat." 

How  wonderfully  is  Satan  working  amongst 
us  now  as  a  people!  Our  forefathers  were 
evidently  called  of  God  to  be  a  separate  peo- 
ple from  the  world.  They  became  a  peculiar 
people,  zealous  of  good  works;  they  showed 
forth  the  praise  of  Him  who  had  called  them 
out  of  darkness  into  his  marvellous  light.  So 
the  wrath  of  the  same  enemy,  seeing  that  his 
kingdom  was  likely  to  be  shaken,  stirred  up 
great  persecution  against  them  ;  that  had  a 
tendency  to  keep  them  humble,  and  out  of  his 
reach.  It  caused  them  to  seek  for  refuge  in 
that  strong  tower  into  which  the  righteous 
flee  and  find  safety.  But  persecution  ran  the 
full  length  of  its  chain  ami  ceased.  The  sun- 
shine of  prosperity  seemed  to  smile  more  upon 
them,  and  it  had  a  tendency  to  lull  into  a 
state  of  carnal  security,  and  by  degrees  to 
separate  from  that  preserving  Power  which 
alone  can  enable  us  to  stand  against  the  secret 
wiles  or  more  open  assaults  of  the  enemy. 
He,  our  ever  watchful  foe,  is  willing  to  offer 
us  the  kingdoms  of  this  world,  and  the  gloiy 
of  them,  if  we  will  worship  him.  So  there,  is 
great  need  of  watchfulness  and  care,  that  we 


ceep  to  first  principles,  and  seek  an  establish- 
ment on  the  foundation  that  the  prophets  and 
apostles,  and  our  worthy  predecessors  were 
established  upon,  against  which  the  storms 
that  have  beat  upon  the  righteous  of  all 
generations  ever  beat  in  vain,  even  that  sure 
foundation,  the  Rock  of  ages. 

It  was  by  listening  to  a  seducing  spirit,  and 
following  its  leadings,  that  man  in  the  first 
place  lost  his  happy  condition, — lost  the  gar- 
den of  Eden,  the  paradise  of  God,  and  also  lost 
his  right  to  the  tree  of  life.  And  now,  if 
man  will  listen  to  the  restoring  Spirit,  the 
Spirit  of  truth,  and  will  be  led  by  it,  we 
have  the  promise  that  it  will  guide  him  into  all 
truth.  And  if  we  are  thus  led  by  the  Spirit 
of  God,  we  shall  become  the  sons  of  God,  and 
be  placed  back,  so  far  as  sin  is  concerned,  into 
the  happy  condition  that  man  was  in  before 
the  lying  spirit  ever  entered  the  heart  to  de- 
ll And  in  this  purified  or  sanctified  con- 
dition we  are  made  meet  to  be  partakers  of  clergyman  connected  with  the  Protestant  Episcopa 
the  inheritance  of  the  saints  in  light,  having  Church,  called  St.  Clements,  the  right  to  hear  con 
d  under  the  powerful  operations  of  the ,  fL'ssi".,ls  fl'I1  ,l'm".'."'mT  ,a''s"luj!"".  !s.  c,aimed.- 


Items. 

— Little  Children  at  Meetings. — A  writer  ir 
Christian  Advocate  (Methodist)  refers  to  the  abi 
of  little  children  from  meetings  as  one  of  the  c 
which  detain  at  home  many  of  those  who  are  c 
In  the  Western  and  Southern  States,  it  is  far  moij 
common  than  with  us  to  take  infants  to  meetings 
and  it  is  surprising  how  little  disturbance  they  mak 
In  visiting  in  such  sections,  it  has  often  been  a  pie 
sant  thought,  that  the  mothers  and  caretakers  c 
such  innocents  were  not  compelled  to  remain 
home  with  them,  through  fear  of  offending  nervou 
and  over-particular  people. 

— Salvation  Amu/. — The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  state 
that  in  1883  this  body  has  sent  out  2.3,000,000  copie 
of  its  publications.  The  army  at  present  consists  o 
630  corps,  of  which  103  are  in  service  out  of  Eng 
land,  employing  1540  men  and  women,  who  holi 
10,000  meetings  weekly.  The  organization  at  head 
quarters  is  very  complete,  the  work  being  subdivide! 
into  many  departments. 

Confession  and  Absolution.— -In  a  sermon   by 


flaming  sword,  which  turns  eveiy  way  upon 


sanctioned  by  the  "  Prayer  Book"  of  that  denomina 


'.',  .  — ■•'    '.".-■'ii'I'i     1   tion,  and  as  having  been  given  bv  the  Bishop  whi 

the  transgressing  nature  within   until  all  that;ordained  him  a  miM\,ter.     It  is  the  Lord  alone  wh, 
s  sinful  is  cut  oft   by  the  sword  of  the  Spirit,   forgives  sins,  and  it  is  his  Spirit  onlv  that 
and  burned  by  that  fire  which  burns  inwardly  able  anyone  to  know  when  that  forgiveness  ha. 
as  an  oven.     Then  we  are  prepared  to  enter  been  received.   The  commission  of  a  Bishop  in- sue! 
again,  even   in   this   life,  into   the  paradise  of  a  matter  is  of  no  value  whatever. 
God,  and  to  partake  of  the  tree  of  life  and  livej     —Affirmation  in  place  of  Oaths.— A  movement  ha: 
forever,  a  life  which   neither  old  age,  nor  the  been  originated  among  the  Church  of  England  mini 
combined  powersof  darkness  can  everdestroy.  inters  in  favor  of  an  affirmation  bill  in  lieu  of  oathsi 
But  although   the  evil  or  "unclean  spirit"  Among  those  who  have  joined  the  movement,  an| 
is  overcome  and  driven  out  of  the  temple  of  (^"/?ns   Percival   and   Freemaiitle,   as  also   Dear 
.ii.  i    ,,   i  .     ,    e  •        .    \\  ells  and  inaiiv  more  hheral  and  broad  Churchmeri 

the  heart,  and  "departed  for  a  season,     yet  among  the  clergy, 
be  is  still  in  the  world,  "going  to  and  fro  in  °  e 

the  earth,  and  walking  up  and   down   in   it."!     -Burn!,,,,  the  Xe,v  Testament  in  .S/»//».-Of  lattei, 
In  this  day  of  ease  and  false  rest,  when  T»T^\f£^^^^^  or 
cution  has  more  ceased,  and   religion   has   be-  with  consi(ierable  energv  in  Spain.     At  Barcek 
come  popular,  we   find   him  appearing  in  the  a  pamphlet  was  printed  containing  one  of  the  Gos- 
ehurches  as  an  angel  of  light,  under  the  cloak  pels,  some  texts  from  other  parts  of  the  Scriptures, 
of  religion  ;  for  we  find  him  ready  and  willing  and  simple  reading  exercises  and  elementary  arith- 
to  assist  his  disciples  in  doing  many  wonder-  nietic— designed  for  circulation  among  the  poor  and 
ful  works,  even   professing  to  prophesy  and  jP°,rant.-   A  great  many  copies  were  sent  to  London 
pray   in    Christ's   name,    with    many    expert    <•,'',;  ,stnlml",n   ^n,n,g  Spanisli  sailors;  and  abou 
1  .  '  .  •>..  .      I  1300  copies  were  returned   to  Spam  for   use  in  that 

words,  insomuch  that  if  it  were  possible  they  COUIltry;  on  these  duty  was  demanded  by  the  Gov- 
would  deceive  the  very  elect.     So  if  we  get  eminent  and  refused  by  the   Protestants  because 
even  to  where  Adam  and  Eve  were  before  they  had  been  printed  in  Spain  and  were  therefore 
they  fell,  and  are  again  restored,  as  it  were,  not  liable  to  dutv.     It  was  then  decided  that  they 
to  the  paradise  of  Cod,  yet  we   are  still    not  were  at  variance  with  the  State  religion,  the  Roman 
out  of  reach  of  the  enemy ;  for  as  they  were 
tempted  and  fell,  so  if  the  Holy  One,  that  is 
stronger  than  all  the  powers  of  the  enemy,  is 

not  abiding  in   the  temple  of  the  heart,  the  jn  the  morning  before .'a  great  pile  of  straw"  shav 
evil  spirit  may  enter,  and  the  last  state  be  ings,  pieces  of  broken  furniture,  and  other  combus-tj 
worse   than  the  first.     But  we   have  the  ex-  tibles,  lay  ready  for  the  work.   Two  officers  brought, 
ample  of  their  sad  fall,  to  incite  us  to  double  out  the  boxes-  the  covers  were  knocked  off,  and' 
diligence  in  watchfulness.     And  I  do  believe  ,there.  '^  the  beautiful  books,  nicely  bound!    The 
^,     •?       ,  .    ,  .  ,r.     .  ...        .      burnimr    went    too    slowlv.   ami    so    in-t  n  iloiuu    was 

that  a  higher  and  more  steadfast  condition  is  un„j  ,m  theni.  It  took  „m.  hlJ  „,  make 
attainable  in  this  life,  if  we  endure  tempta-  ,vith  the  pile.  The  custom-house  officials  were 
tion,  wherein,  through  the  manifold  grace  of  dressed  in  their  gayest  uniform,  and  greatly  enjoyed 
God,  we  may  become  established  in  Christ  the  rare  sport,  Five  hundred  people  looked  on  "the 
Jesus,  who  never  fell ;  for  if  we  abide  in  Him  strange  scene,  but  some  of  them  were  Protestants, 
and  He  in  us,  then  greater  is  He  that  is  in  us  and  ,no  s°ouer  was  the  burning  ended-than  men 
than  ho  that  is  in  the  world,  and  sin  cannot  1to',d  rt°'l,lv  wlth  >"'"     "'  ll"'  f  ,,lV  wl,{lon.w*»ch 

~         ,   .  .  ,.       ,  r.   "Mil   not   he. 'ii    in    iVnlr<l:oit    I  - .  1 1 « •  1 :  i  tii  I    Mini   sithl   them 

enter;  for  his  power  is  over  all  the  powers  of  , 
the  enemy.     And  if  his  seed  remains  in  us,  wei 
cannot  sin,  because  we  are  born  of  God.     So! 
let  all  who  profess  the  Christian  name  seek  to '  ^ 
go  on  to  perfection  ;  not  a  perfection   which 
merely  frees  us  for  a  time  from  sin,  but  a  per- 
fection which  keeps  us  free,  and  which  will 
finally 
"  Plant  our  feet  upon  that  happy  shore, 

Where  time  and  chance,  and  death  shall  be  no  more." 
1).  II. 

Dublin,  Ind  ,  3rd  mo.,  1884. 


Catholic,  and  must  be  burned.  The  scene  of  their1 
destruction  is  thus  described  :  "The  chief  paper,  the 
Publicidad,  exclaimed,  'The  entrance  is  free  for  men 
d  women  of  Barcelona.'    It  was  barely  ten  o'clock. 


had  not  been 
to  the  crowd.' 

n  Protestant  England,  and  sold  them 

—Appeal  fi 
Plaintiff,  in  tl 
of  Friends  at 
from  the  dceis 
the  property! 

Discipline,  as 
Of  Friends.      I 

m  Judg 
Wcsi  L 

•  Pro 

ike,  ( 
dy  \vl 
ll'lt  th 

idfooti 

'rou, It 

ichad 

Deemon.— The 
-house  property 

have  appealed 
iot,  which  gave 
icred  to  the  Old 
ing  the  Society 
ill  not  be  acted 

Resolve  to  perform   wl 
perform  what  you  resolve 


3tou  ought,  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


279 


THE    FRIEND. 


FOURTH  MONTH  5, 


Our  readers  may  remember  that  in  the  23rd 
number  of  the  present  volume,  a  notice  was 
published  of  the  baptism  of  J.  F.  Barker,  the 
uperintendent  of  Pickering  College,  who 
stood  in  the  station  of  minister,  in  that  por- 
ion  of  Canada  Yearly  Meeting  which  adheres 
o  the  new  discipline,  which  has  been  a  source 
if  contention  among  Canada  Friends. 

By  letters  received  subsequently  we  were 
nformed,  that  having  obtained  the  use  of  a 
Tfieeting-housc  of  another  denomination,  a 
lew  miles  distant  from  Pickering,  he  had 
since  baptized  a  number  of  other  persons,  of 
ivhom  live  were  fellow  members  with  himself. 

It  has  been  a  matter  of  some  interest  to 
lote  the  comments  which  have  been  made  on 
,hese  proceedings,  in  the  journals  which  pro- 
fess to  be  published  in  the  interests  of  our 
Society. 

The  Christian  Worker  of  2d  month  21st  says  : 

We  think  that  the  question  as  to  whether  or 
lot  the  ordinances  are  of  continued  and  bind- 
ng  obligation  should  be  considered  settled,  as 
lur  fathers  left  it."  The  next  number  con- 
ains  a  communication  from  Canada  referring 
,o  the  subject,  which  says  that  Pickering 
\t0ntbl3'  Meeting,  within  whose  limits  this 
)ccurred,  asked  advice  respecting  it  ofYonge 
Street  Quarterly  Meeting.  "The  Quarterly 
Meeting  could  do  no  less  than  communicate 
ts  disapproval  of  said  action  to  Pickering 
Monthly  Meeting,  and  also  to  Norwich  Month- 
y  Meeting,  of  which  J.  F.  Barker  is  a  mem- 
ber, and  whose  certificate  be  holds,  obtained 
some  time  ago,  liberating  bim  for  service  in 
Banadii.  The  Quarterly  Meeting  united  with- 
out dissent  in  the  judgment  that  one  could 
lot  consistently  hold  official  position  and 
jredentials  of  the  church  as  a  public  teacher 
.vhile  teaching  and  practising  that  which  was 
jlearly  contrary  to  its  declared  belief."  As  a 
result  of  this  action,  a  letter  from  J.  F.  Barker 
oublished  in  the  Christian  Worker  of  3d  mo. 
20th,  states  that  he  had  received  official  notice 
:'rom  the  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders  to 
which  be  belonged,  that  to  teach  the  ob- 
servance of  the  "  ordinances"  'Ms  contrary  to 
,he  discipline  and  belief  of  Friends  ;"  and  that 
n  consequence,  he  had  resigned  his  member- 
ship among  Friends. 

The  Friends'  Review  of  3d  month  1st  says  : 

Not  only  was  the  conscientious  disuse  of 
the  so-called  'ordinances'  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  characteristics  of  early  Friends, 
'enewed  also  in  action  and  expression  through 
svery  decade  down  to  the  present  time,  but 
10  opposite  utterance  has  ever  yet  been  given 
jy  any  Yearly  Meeting." 

The  London  Friend  of  2d  month,  in  some 
'emarks  on  Baptism,  though  without  refer- 
nec  to  the  transactions  in  Canada,  of  which 
t  is  proabable  its  Editor  had  not  then  heard, 
jays :  "  We  believe  our  forefathers  were  true  to 
heir  Lord,  and  acted  in  accordance  with  the 
wisdom  He  gave,  when,  in  their  own  practice, 
hey  set  aside  water-baptism  altogether." 

From  these  statements  it  seems  tolerably 
clear  that  there  are  many  who  are  not  yet 
prepared  to  lay  aside  this  ancient  testimony 
if  our  Society — and  that  too  among  those 
who  have  sanctioned  or  countenanced  de- 
partures in  other  directions  from  our  doctrines 


and  practices.  Perhaps  this  is  not  surprising; 
for  baptism  in  water  is  a  ceremony  so  striking 
in  its  character,  that  it  at  once  arrests  the 
attention  of  all  as  a  thing  entirely  outside  of 
Quaker  practices.  It  does  not  require  the 
same  discrimination  as  is  necessary  in  judging 
of  the  doctrines  preached  in  our  assemblies. 
So  that  it  is  very  possible  for  people  to  be 
gradually  led  into  a  denial  of  our  fundamental 
principles,  and  into  an  acceptance  of  measures 
inconsistent  therewith  ;  who  would  be  startled 
anil  their  suspicions  awakened,  by  a  proposal 
to  be  dipped  in  water  as  a  religious  rite.  But 
the  continued  practice  of  holding  meetings  in 
the  manner  now  authorized  by  most  of  the 
Larger  Bodies  in  our  Society,  and  the  adop- 
tion of  the  doctrines  preached  by  some  of 
their  ministers  will  almost  certainly  lead 
further  and  further  away  from  Quakerism. 
This  tendency  is  pretty  clearly  pointed  out 
in  a  letter  published  in  the  number  of  the 
Review  to  which  we  have  referred,  a  part  of 
which  is  subjoined  for  the  warning  it  contains. 

"  I  venture  to  say  that  if  the  present  influences 
continue  in  force  and  do  Dot  meet  with  any  strong 
counter  influences,  they  will  obliterate  from  the  So- 
ciety or  Friends,  west  of  the  Ohio  river,  everything 
which  worthily  distinguishes  it  from  other  denomi- 
nations, and  that  before  many  deeades  shall  pass 
over  it.  And  if  it  remains  a  distinct  body,  it-  type 
will  In-  Wesleyan — that  is,  Episcopal, with  provision 
tor  changes  in  pastors,  not  by  the  call  of  the  people, 
but  by  the  authority  of  the  Episcopate— and  with 
Evangelists  tor  keeping  up  the  revival  work.  The 
ordinances  at  first  will  be  optional,  with  a  growing 
stringency.  Marriage  will  lie  by  licensed  ministers 
alone,  and  burial  of  the  dead  also.  A  travelling 
ministry  to  visit  the  churches  as  we  have  had  it  from 
the  beginning,  will  entirely  cease,  because  there  will 
be  no  room  for  it;  each  meeting  having  its  pastor, 
who  is  himself  to  preach  unless  lie  invites  someone 
to  preach  for  him,  and  he  will  practically  be  the 
ruler  of  his  church,  subordinate  to  his  superiors. 
Theoretically  the  doors  of  the  pulpit  will  not  be 
closed  to  women,  but  very  few  women  will  reach  the 
qualifications  forordination — but  women's  work  will 
be  much  encouraged  in  various  forms  of  church 
work,  &c.  All  this  will  be  a  long  way  better  than 
mi  ( 'liristiaiiity — but  the  Quaker  type  will  no  longer 
be  visible  ami  .Methodism  will  have  its  place  ;  and, 
as  our  late  Friend  Clarkson  Davis  once  said,  '  We, 
in  the  West,  will  have  to  go  to  Philadelphia  for  seed 
corn.'  " 

Our  readers  may  have  noticed  that  the 
correspondent  of  the  Christian  Worker  states 
that  Yonge  Street  Quarterly  Meeting  was 
united  in  the  view,  "that  one  could  not  con- 
sistently hold  official  position  and  credentials 
of  the  church  as  a  public  teacher  while  teach- 
'ng  and  practising  that  which  was  clearly 
contrary  to  its  declared  belief."  If  this  prin- 
ciple is  accepted  and  acted  on  by  the  Larger 
Bodies  generally,  and  if  they  declare  that 
they  believe  in  the  teaching  and  practice  of 
our  Society  in  its  early  days,  we  believe  its 
application  would  cut  off  many  who  are  now 
active  as  ministers  among  them,  and  whose 
doings  are  published  in  so-called  Friendly 
journals  from  week  to  week. 

In  a  late  number  of  the  Gospel  Expositor, 
we  notice  the  following: 

"Any  Friends'  Church  that  wants  a  minis- 
ter, with  a  small  family,  to  reside  and  labor 
with  them  in  the  gospel,  address  this  office." 

This  is  apparently  an  advertisement  for  a 
situation,  as  a  "  minister,"  bj'  some  one  pro- 
fessing to  be  a  Friend.  Who  among  us  would 
have  believed,  a  few  years  ago,  that  such  a 
thing  would  have  appeared  in  a  paper  pub- 
lished by  persons  professing  to  be  members 


of  our  Society?  It  is  a  striking  illustration 
of  the  rapidity  with  which  many  are  drifting 
away  from  the  distinctive  principles  hereto- 
fore promulgated  by  Friends. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — Both  Houses  of  Congress  have 
passed  a  bill  providing  that  8125,000  of  the  unexpended 
appropriation  for  the  relief  of  sufferers  from  the  Ohio 
floods  may  be  expended  by  the  Secretary  of  War  for 
the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in  the  district  overflowed 
by  the  Mississippi  river  and  its  tributaries. 

On  the  28th  ultimo,  Senator  Miller,  of  California, 
called  up  the  bill  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
to  offer  a  reward  of  $25,000  for  the  rescue  or  discovery 
of  the  Greely  expedilion.  The  bill  was  passed,  with  a 
proviso  that  the  proclamation  to  be  issued  by  the  Sec- 
retary "should  not  be  made  in  terms  that  would  in- 
volve the  United  Slates  in  any  future  liability  beyond 
said  reward,  or  that  would  induce  any  unprepared  ves- 
sel to  incur  extraordinary  peril  or  risk  ;  also  that  "  the 
determination  of  the  secretary  of  the  Navy  as  to  the 
right  of  any  person  to  said  reward,  or  a  share  thereof, 
shall  be  conclusive  on  all  parties." 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  has  notified  the  Col- 
lector of  Customs  at  Boston  that  the  steamer  Grecian 
left  Glasgow  for  Boston  on  the  22d  of  last  month,  with 
270  pauper  emigrants  on  board.  He  instructs  the  Col- 
lector to  ascertain  if  the  emigrants  came  within  the 
prohibitory  provisions  of  the  Emigration  act,  and  if 
they  do,  to"  prevent  their  landing. 

The  Governor  of  Maryland  has  vetoed  the  bill  re- 
ducing the  price  of  marriage  licenses  to  00  cents.  The 
Senate  by  a  vote  of  13  to  11,  sustained  the  veto,  10  votes 
being  required  to  pass  the  bill  over  the  Governor's  ob- 
jections. 

In  the  Connecticut  House  of  Representatives  on  the 
20th  ult.,  a  bill  giving  women  the  right  to  vote  on  the 
license  question  was  "overwhelmingly  defeated,  and 
without  much  discussion."  A  bill  giving  women  the 
right  to  vole  at  school  meetings  was  rejected  after  de- 
bate by  a  vote  of  95  to  83. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  has  decided  in  favor 
of  the  validity  of  the  S100  licenses  granted  to  saloon 
keepers  in  Chicago  just  before  the  Harper  Slate  law 
went  into  effect.  Had  the  ordinance  authorizing  the 
granting  of  the  S100  licenses  been  declared  invalid  over 
$1,000,000,  it  is  estimated,  would  have  been  gained  by 
the  treasury. 

The  first  through  train  from  the  City  of  Mexico,  ar- 
rived at  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  on  the  morning  of  3rd 
mo.  27lh,  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Ke  road, 
from  El  Paso.  The  party  left  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  for  Chicago. 

On  the  27th  of  last  month,  a  bill  was  introduced  into 
the  New  York  State  Senate,  prohibiting  the  sale  or  ex- 
hibition of  all  such  wares  as  are  calculated  to  corrupt  the 
morals  of  the  youth  of  the  State  ;  the  offence  is  made  a 
disdemeanor.  It  is  strongly  backed  by  the  Society  for 
Preventing  Cruelty  to  Children,  and  parties  who  have 
charge  of  it  telegraph  that  "it  will  probably  become  a 
law."  Its  provisions  will  be  applied  against  dime 
novels  and  publications  devoted  to  police  and  criminal 
news. 

New  York  City,  it  is  reported,  has  forty  thousand 
persons  who  depend  on  gambling  for  a  livelihood. 

The  sealing  steamship  Aurora  arrived  at  St.  John's, 
Newfoundland,  3rd  mo.  28th,  from  the  ice  field,  with 
28,C00  seals,  valued  at  §00,000.  All  were  taken  within 
five  days.  She  reports  that  the  ships  Neptune,  with 
35,000  "  prime  harps,"  and  the  Hector,  with  25,000,  are 
following. 

At  the  Essex  Institute  in  Salem,  Massachusetts,  last 
week,  a  public  exhibition  was  given  of  a  new  bleaching 
process  by  paraffine  soap.  Unrotted  flax,  just  as  cut 
from  the  field  and  dried,  was  rendered  snow  white  in 
forty  minutes.  Successful  tests  upon  Russian  hemp 
flax  in  fibre  and  Russian  and  Irish  flax  in  fibre  were 
also  made.     There  is  no  loss  in  weight. 

T.  S.  Cooper's  sale  of  Jersey  cattle  took  place  last 
week  in  New  York.  Eighty-four  head  were  sold  at  an 
average  of  $590  per  head,  the  highest  price  paid  being 
for  the  famous  cow,  "  Moth,  of  St.  Lambert,"  which 
brought  S0200.  This  is  the  highest  price  ever  paid  for 
a  Jersey  cow. 

The  heaviest  earthquake  shock  felt  at  San  Francisco 
since  1808,  occurred  there  3rd  mo.  25th,  at  41  minutes 
past  4  o'clock  P.  M.  The  shock  lasted  15  seconds,  and 
several  buildings  on  made  ground,  near  the  water  front, 
were  badly  damaged.  People  rushed  from  their  houses 
in  a  panic.  A  second  but  lighter  shock  followed  at  5.18 
p.  M.,  and  more  are  expected. 


280 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  nitroglycerine  house  at  the  Repauno  Chemical 
Works,  on  the  New  Jersey  side  of  the  Delaware  river, 
south  of  Thompson's  Point,  and  about  ten  miles  from 
Philadelphia,  was  destroyed  last  Seventh-day  morning 
by  an  explosion.  It  is  thought  an  experiment  was 
being  made  without  sufficient  precautions  being  taken. 
Six  men  were  killed. 

The  village  ol  Scipio,  Ohio,  was  destroyed  by  a  tor- 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Change  op  Treasurer. 

6@~  Charles  J.  Allen,  having  resigned  the  Tre;J 

surerahip,   the   Committee   who   have   charge   of   th( 

Boarding  School  have  appointed  John  W.  Biddle t 

succeed  him,  to  enter  on  his  duties  on  the  7th  of  Fourt 

month.     On  and  after  that  date,  therefore,  the  businesl 

connected  with  the  Treasurership  of  the  Institution  will 

be  attended  to  by  him  at  his  office,  No.  220  S.  Fourt  I 

St..  second  story,  back  room,  and  not  at  304  Arch  St. 

The  forwarding  of  packages  for  the  pupils  from  Nc 

304  Arch  St.,  has  been  discontinued.     Parents  and  other 

v  have  occasion  to  send  packages  to  the  Schoo! 

'     Express 


Hay  and  Straw  Market.— For  the  week  ending  3d 

mo.  29th,  1884— Loads  of  hay,  407  ;  loads  of  straw,  68. 

Average  price  during   week — Prime  timothy,   90  cts. 

a  $1   per  100  lbs.  ;   mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 

straw,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  rather  firmer:   2400  head  arrived 

and  sold  at  5  a  7J  cts.  per  pound,  according  to  quality. 
Sheep  were  a  fraction  lower  :  8000  head  arrived  and 
„..  Third-day  afternoon',  3rd  mo.  25th,  only  two  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4£  a  6|  cts.,  and  lambs  at 
houses  being  left  standing.     One  man  and  one  woman   41  a  8  cts.  per  pound. 

lost  their  lives.     The  storm  followed  in  the  track  pur-       Hogs   were  dull   and  lower:  olOO  head  arrivei   and 
sued  by  one  two  years  ago,  crossing  the  country  to  Col-   sold  at  the  different  yards  at  81  a  10  cts.  per  pound, 
linsville,  tearing  down  all  the  trees  and  fences  in  its       Foreign.— Prince  Leopold  (the  Duke  ot   Albany), 

way,  and  wrecking  maiiv  barns  and  farm  houses.     The   the  fourth  and  youngest  son  of  Queen  Victoria,  died   wiu  in  r;|Um,  ,,ie.lse  st.„(]  them  asfreighl  or  by 
total  loss  is  estimated  at  $100,000.  suddenly  at  2  o'clock  on  the  morning  ot  3d  mo.  28th   direct  |Q  iVestt0Wn  Station,  Chester  Co.,  Pcnna. 

A  special  despatch  from  Charlotte,  North  Carolina,1  at  Cannes.  He  had  gone  to  Cannes  only  a  lew  days 
says  a  tornado  on  the  same  night  blew  down  thirty  before  for  the  sake  of  his  health.  The  Prince  died  in 
houses  and  the  Methodist  meeting-house  in  Newton,  an  epileptic  fit  as  he  was  on  the  point  of  starting  for 
One  woman  was  killed  and  14  persons  were  injured.  Darmstadt,  to  attend  the  wedding  of  his  neiee,  the 
In  Lenoir,  six  women  were  killed.  In  Mecklenburg,  Princess  Victoria  of  Hesse.  The  nuptials  of  the  latter 
five  or  six  dwellings  were  destroyed,  but  no  lives  were .  have  been  postponed  in  consequence, 
lost.     The  tornado  also  passed   through  Iredell  county,  I      On   the  31st  ultimo,  Prime  Minister  Gladstone  was 

doing  great   damage  t„    mils  and   blowing  down  many   able  to  be  present  in  the  House  of  Commons.  story  01  the  central  part  of  the  Arch  St.  Meeting- hoist 

1  .usT-s."  The  storm  a.  <  iaiucville.  <  u-rgia,  was  very  |  On  the  night  of  the  28th,  in  the  House  of  Lords,  the !  Meals  will  also  be  furnished  for  those  attend  ng  th 
severe.  Many  houses  were  levelled  to  the  ground.  It  Earl  of  Derby,  Colonial  Secretary  of  State,  in  assenting  Meeting  lor  Sufferings  and  Select  Meeting,  the  pi 
travelled  northeast  with  a  rotary  motion.  Hail  stones  to  the  motion  of  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon  calling  for  the  ceding  week 
as  large  as  guinea  eggs  fell  thick  and  fast.  The  track  production  of  papers  upon  the  subject  of  Slate-aided 
of  lhe"stnrm  was  about  150  yards  wide.  The  cloud  was  emigration  to  Canada,  said  :  ''In  view  of  the  present 
black,  with  a  silver-gray  background.  Three  lives  are.  large  outflow  of  emigrants  and  the  likelihood  of  its  in- 
reported  lost,  and  furniture,  beds,  roofs,  trees  and  timber ;  crease,  the  Government  does  not  think  it  necessary  to 
cover  the  ground  in  every  direction.  A  tornado  near  introduce  a  scheme  to  stimulate  emigration." 
London  and  at  Pittsburg,  in  Kentucky,  on  the  same  Nicholas  Hubner,  the  well-known  bibliopolist,  book- 
afternoon,  destroyed  a  large  amount  of  property,  made  seller  and  publisher,  deceased  3d  mo.  31st. 
100  families  homeless,  killed  four  persons  and  injured!  On  the  27th  ultimo,  the  British  advanced  lo  Tain- 
a  number  of  others,  eight,  it  is  feared,  mortally.  anieb,  and  burned  the  village.    The  Arabs  fled.    There 

On  Sixth-day  evening,  3rd  mo.  28th,  ten  thousand  were  no  British  casualties.     The  loss  of  the  enemy  is 
persons   met  at   a  Hall   in  Cincinnati  to  consider  the   unknown. 

action  of  a  jury  that  had  brought  in  a  verdict  of  man-!  On  3d  mo.  lGth,  General  Gordon  made  a  sortie  from 
slaughter  in  the  case  of  a  lad  17  years  of  age,  who  had  Khartoum  with  3000  men,  two  guns  and  a  squadron  of 
confessed  to  seven  different  persons  that  the  murder  Bashi-Bazouk  cavalry,  accompanied  by  three  steamers 
was  deliberate.  After  adjournment,  the  crowd  marched  on  the  river.  The  rebels  were  encountered  near  Hal- 
to  the  iail  in  which  it  is'said  were  20  murderers.     The   fiveh.     Sixty  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  charged  the  Bashi-   . 

police  ordered  the  crowd  to  move  on,  which  not  being   Bazonks  and  put  then,  toffight,  causing  a  panic  among   ^e^rf^of  Jj»  ^,-^ber  of  Pennsv.U 
obeyed  they  tired,  presumably  over  people's  heads.    At  the  infantry,   who   also  fled   in   great  disorder.      The 
11.30  the  first  Ohio  Regiment  entered  the  jail.     Shots!  rebels  pursued   the  Egyptians  for  two  miles  afler  the 
were  fired  at  the  rioters,  and  four  persons  were  injured,    battle.    The  scene  of  confusion  presented  by  the  retreat- 

'    ing  troops  was  fearful  to  behold.     The  Egyptian  Regu- 
lars and  the  Bashi-Ba/.oiiks  kept  shouting  out  that  their 

generals  had  betrayed   them.     The  wounded  received 


Philada.,  3rd  mo.  29th,  1884. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  by  which  Friend 
attending  the  Yearly  Meeting  can  be  furnished  witlj 
simple  meals,  both  before  and  after  the  sittings  of  th 
meeting,  at  moderate  charge  (15  cents),  in  the  secondi 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  M 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  o 
Managers. 

Married,  Third  mo.  26th,  1884,  at  Friends'  Meeting! 
house,  Salem,  Ohio,  J.  Howard,  son  of  Enoch  S.  ant 
Sarah  B.  Zelley,  of  Moorestown,  N.  J.,  and  Edith] 
daughter  of  Richard  B.  Fawcett,  of  the  former  place,   i 


Died,  on  the  13th  of  11th  mo.  1S83,  at  his  residenci, 
near  Pennsville,  Morgan  Co.,  Ohio,  William  Masters 


On  Seventh-day  night,  a  mob  led  on  by  thieves  and 
communists,  attacked  and  burned  the  Court  House  and 
Treasurer's  Office.    The  fourth  and  fourteenth  regi 


rrived,  and  a  scene  of  bloodshed  ensued.     Altogether  j  no   attention    for   seven   hours.     The  troops  had   been 
about  200   persons  are  alleged  to  have  been  killed  or  clamoring  for  three  weeks  before  to  meet  the  enemy 


wounded.  The  Governor  of  Ohio  ordered  out  the  whole 
militia  of  the  State.  On  Second-day  last  the  city  was 
quiet;  the  jail  and  city  buildings  were  put  in  a  com- 
plete state  of  defence,  and  it  was  hoped  that  the  mob 
spirit  was  entirely  quelled. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  412, 
which  was  36  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
13  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  219  were  males,  and  193  females:  63 
died  of  consumption  ;  42  of  pneumonia  ;  23  of  old  age  ; 
16  of  convulsions;  16  of  inflammation  of  the  brain  ;  15 
of  typhoid  fever;  14  of  apoplexy  ;  14  of  debility;  13  of 
diphtheria,  and  13  of  scarlet  fever. 

Markets,  &c— U.  S.  4J's,  114;  4's,  registered,  124; 
coupon,  125  ;  3's,  registered,  102'  ;  currency  6's,  129  a 
138*. 

Cotton  was  firmly  held.  Sales  of  middlings  are  re- 
ported at  11J  a  11 J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and 
New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8  a  8}  cts.  for  export, 
and  9  a  9J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  moves  slowly  at  former,  rates.  Sales  of  1700 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.75  a  $5.75; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.70  a  $4.75  ;  western  do.  at 
$5  a  $6,  and  patents  at  16  a  $6.75.  Rye  flour  was  dull 
at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  unsettled.  About  7000  bushels 
of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  S1.12J  a  $1,131  ; 
a  choice  lot  at  $1.14;  No.  2  at  $1.02  a  $1.13  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  90  cts 
per  bushel,  and  30,000  bushels,  2  red  at  $1.01  a  $1.03 
3rd  mo.,  $1.02  a  $1.03  4th  mo.,  $1.04  a  S1.04J  5th  mo. 
and  $1.05',  a  $1,058  6th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were  un 
settled:  8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  58  a  60  cts.  pe 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  53  a  57  cts 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  60,000  bushels  sail  mixed 
at  56  a  59  cts.  3rd  mo.,  57jj  a  58  cts.  4th  mo.,  58|  i 
cts.  5th  mo.,  59$  a  60  cts.  6th  mo.,  and  Oul  a  611  etc 
mo-  Oats. — Car  lots  were  firmer.  About  10,000  bu 
sold  in  lots  at  40  a  43  cts.  per  bushel,  aoeordii 
quality,  and  25,(11)0  bushels  No.  2  while  at  41  a  12 
3rd  mo.,  41  a  41$  cts.  4th  mo.,  41J  a  411  cts.  5th 
and  41$  a  41J-  cts.  6th  mo.     Rye  was  unchanged. 


In  the  early  part  of  the  encounter  the  Egyptians  were 
successful  and  the  enemy  were  actually  in  full  retreat, 
when  their  cavalry  made  a  dashing  charge. 

Two  black  Pashas  were  arrested  for  charging  into 
the  ranks  of  their  own  troops,  thus  allowing  the  enemy 
to  enter  the  gap  they  made.  They  have  been  court- 
marshalled  and  shot. 

Ample  supplies  were  arriving  at  Khartoum  from  the 
White  Nile  country.  The  rebels  at  Halfiyeh  were  in 
!  want  of  food.  Two  Emissaries  of  El  Mahdi  had  ar- 
ived  at  Khartoum  with  drawn  swords,  and  declared 
that  El  Mahdi  did  not  recognize  his  appointment  as 
Sultan  of  Kordofan.  El  Mahdi  advised  General  Gor- 
don to  become  a  Mohammedan. 

It  is  officially  stated  that  last  year  at  Ermsleben,  a 
small  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  403  persons  were  seri- 
ously ill  and  60  died  from  trichinosis.  The  disease  was 
caused  by  eating  raw  pork. 

The  Sultan  of  Turkey  is  seriously  ill.  It  is  feared 
that  his  ailment  will  end  in  madness. 

The  Paris  Uaulois  says  that  Earl  Granville  has  asked 
the  Powers  to  assent  to  an  English  protectorate  over 
Egypt  for  five  years  on  the  basis  of  the  maintenance  of 
the  nominal  Suzerainty  of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  and  the 
observance  of  the  international  treaties,  England  guar- 
anteeing to  order  Egypt  to  meet  her  financial  engage- 
ments. Austria  has  consented  ;  so  also  have  Germany 
and  Russia  under  conditions  looking  to  an  arrangemen 
of  the  debt.  France  opposes  the  English  proposal,  but 
will  probably  soon  give  her  consent.  The  same  paper 
says:  "The  London  explosions  were  plotted  in  Paris  al 
a  cafe  in  the  Avenue  d'Eylan.  The  dynamite  was  sen 
from  France,  while  the  clock-work  came  from  abroad.' 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Third-day,  the  6th 
Fifth  month.     Parents   and    others    intending   lo  send 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  appliea 
to  Jonathan  g.  Williams,  Superintendent,  address 
Westtown  P.  <>.,  <  'hester  <  b.,  Pa. ,-  or  to  John  W.  Biddle, 
Trrnsitra;  A'o.  220  S.  Fourth  St..  Philada. 


Monthly  and  Particular  Meeting.  He  was  firmly  at 
tached  to  the  doctrines  and  testimonies  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  was  diligent  in  attendance  of  all  our  re 
gions  meetings,  when  of  ability  to  do  so.  He  endurec 
protracted  illness  with  patience  and  resignation;  anC 
his  relatives  and  friends  feel  a  comfortable  hope  that 
through  mercy  and  redeeming  love,  be  has  been  gath 
ered  into  the  fold  of  rest. 

— ,  at  his  residence  in  this  city,  on  the  12th  of  3rc 
th,  1884,  Joseph  Cresson,  aged  70  years,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of'Philadelpbia 
-,  at  her  residence  near  Winona,  Columbiana  Co. 
Ohio,  on  the  27th  of  3rd  mo.  1883,  Hannah  Cameron 
wife  of  Josiah  Cameron,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  hei 
age,  a  member  of  New  Garden  Particular  and  Monthlj 
Meeting  of  Friends.  A  loving  and  faithful  wife,  a  kinc 
indulgent  mother.  Those  who  mourn  her  loss  have  £ 
hope  that  their  loss  is  her  eternal  gain. 

,  at  his  residence  in   Flushing,  Long  Island,  or 

the  7th  of  3rd  month,  18S4,  Stephen  Wood,  M.  D. 
aged  73  years,  a  beloved  member  and  minister  of  New 
York  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.  Throughout  th< 
years  of  weakness  and  suffering  which  were  his  portior 
during  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  he  was  a  brigh 
example  of  Christian  patience  and  resignation  to  the 
Divine  will,  frequently  expressing  his  desire  that  h< 
might  be  preserved  from  murmuring  under  the  afllictivi 
dispensation.  The  final  summons  came  suddenly,  bill 
there  is  abundant  evidence  that  it  found  him  preparer 
for  the  solemn  change,  and  that  the  Master,  whom  hi 
had  long  loved  and  served,  was  with  him  to  the  end 
His  own  estimate  of  his  religious  attainments  and  ser 
vices  was  a  very  humble  one;  yet  it  is  believed  tin 
words  quoted  at"  his  grave  are  eminently  applicable 
"  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord  froii 
henceforth  :  yea,  saith  the  Spirit,  that  they  may  res 
from  their  labors;  and  their  works  do  follow  them." 

,  on  3rd  mo.  16th,  Joseph  F.,  son  of  the  lati 

James  Smedley,  aged  23  years,  a  member  of  the  Month 
ly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia  for  the  Northern  District. 

,  suddenly,  on  the  morning  of  the  22nd  of  3rt 

mo.  1884,  at  his  residence  in  Salem,  Columbiana  Co. 
Ohio.  David  SA1TERTHWAIT,  aged  90  years  10  month: 
and  27  days. 

,  3rd    mo.  23rd,   Lydia    Lippincott,   aged  6! 

years,  a  member  of  Haddonlield  Monthly  Meeting,  Nev 
Jersey. 

,  3rd  mo.  22d,  Alfred,  son  of  William  P.  am 

Jane  G.  Smedley,  of  Edgemont,  Delaware  Co-,  Pa. 
aged  IS  years,  a  member  of  Chester  Monthly  Meeting 
Penna. 


THE    FRIEND. 


A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SI'.VKNTH  DAY,  FOURTH  MONTH  12,  1SS4. 


NO.    36. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per 


lubscriptions,  payments  and  business  communical 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


with  a  great  sense  of  weakness,  had  some  put  up  at  Mehetabel  Jenkins',  who  was  ex 
service  among  them  to  satisfaction.     After-  ceedingly  glad  to  entertain  us. 
noon  went  to  Scituate  and  put  up  at  Doctor  j     "9th.     At   an    appointed   mectin 
Ephraim  Otis',  where  we  had  a  very  satisfac- 1  was  very  laborious. 


tory  visit. 

11th.  Returned  home  under  acomfortabl 


Article 


addressed  I 


designed  for  insert 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  secund-cl.^s 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


10th.  Rode  to  Oakwoods,  and  attended 
an  appointed  meeting  held  at  Timothy  Var- 
peaccful  state  of  mind;  and  feel  gratitude  in  ney's.  It  was  a  season  of  considerable  favor, 
believing  the  good  hand  of  Him  who  burned  and  I  trust  all  were  satisfied.  Dined,  and  re- 
in the  bush  and  the  bush  not  consumed,  had  turned  to  Joseph  Savages',  a  man  not  of  our 
been  with  me."  ISociety,  but  of  note  and  respectability,  and  a 

"  1804,  3rd  month.  Having  for  some  time  convinced  man;  where  we  had  a  religious  op- 
felt  my  mind  drawn  to  make  avisit  to  Friends  portunity  in  the  family.  In  supplication,  Ann 
in  some  of  the  eastern   parts  of  our  Yearly  Alexander  was  clothed  with   that  authority 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  274.) 

1803,  6th  month  29tb.  A  meeting  was 
■appointed  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  at 
large,  to  whom  the  Gospel  was  preached  with 
demonstration  and  power;  many  minds  were 
wrought  into  contrition. 

"30th.  Having  spent  about  ten  days  on 
sthe  island,  and  mingled  a  little  in  sympathy 
with  Friends  in  their  various  conditions,  with 
about  fifty  other  passengers  we  returned  to 
'New  Bedford.  We  had  a  very  pleasant  pas- 
sage of  about  eight  hours,  except  some  sea- 
sickness; with  my  wife  it  was  so  severe  that, 
ifor  three  days  after,  she  could  scarcely  speak 
louder  than  a  whisper.  We  returned  to  our 
lodgings  at  James  Davis'. 

"7th  month  4th.  After  spending  several 
days  with  our  kind  friends  at  New  Bedford, 
ami  being  at  divers  meetings,  we  left  them, 
and  in  company  with  James  Simpson  and 
'wife,  rode  to  the  head  of  Acushnett  river,  and 
|put  up  at  Stephen  Hathaways. 

"5th.  At  an  appointed  meeting;  where 
assembled  a  large  and  mixed  gathering,  to 
whom  the  Gospel  was  largely  and  sweetly 
proclaimed;  and  in  the  evening  we  had  a 
solemn  interview  with  a  number  of  gay  young 
people  who  came  in  to  see  us  where  we  had 
taken  our  lodgings;  in  which  all  appeared  to 
be  well  satisfied. 

"6th.  Rode  to  Long  Plain,  and  attended 
an  appointed  meeting,  and  at  night  put  up  at 
John  Russell's. 

"  On  the  7th  were  at  Long  Plain  mid-week 
meeting.  This  with  the  meeting  yesterday 
were  very  relieving  to  my  mind.  In  the  even- 
ing had  a  meeting  appointed  at  Humphrey 
Davis'  for  his  neighbors  who  were  not  Friends. 
It  was  a  good  meeting. 

"  8th.  Accompanied  by  Obadiah  Davis  and 
several  other  Friends,  I  went  to  a  place  called 
Beechwoods,  in  Middleborough,  and  attended 
a  meeting  held  at  a  private  house.  It  was  a 
season  of  singular  trial  with  me;  but  the  gos- 
pel flowed  freely  through  others,  and  I  was 
satisfied,  as  it  appeared  a  time  of  favor,  and 
the  minds  of  the  people  were  edified  ;  at  night 
returned  to  our  lodgings  at  Humphrey  Davis'. 
"  9th.  We  parted  with  our  beloved  friends, 
and  on  the  10th  attended  their  First-day  meet- 
ing at  Pembroke;  and  though  accompanied 


Meeting;  and  the  latter  part  of  this  month 
Ann  Alexander  came  to  our  house,  being  on 
religious  visit  from  Great  Britain,  accom- 
panied by  Mary  Rotch,  William  Macy  and 
Peter  Bonney.  '  Ann    being  on   her  way   to 


those  eastern  parts,  it  seemed  right  to  take  a  jperelboro'  ;  and  on  the  12th  rode  to  Portland, 
seat  with  them  in  their  carriage  and  drive  forjOn  an  eminence  above  this  town,  we  had  a 
them.     It  was  mentioned  to  the  elders  of  our  view  of  the  White  Mountains,  rearing  their 

lofty  summits  like  white  capped  clouds  high 


,-hieh 


which  ever  gives  solemnity  to  such  occasions. 
The  season  Was  a  savory  one.  Afterwards 
went  to  Abner  Rogers'  and  put  up. 

"  11th.   After  a  season  of  favor  in  the  family 
took  leave,  and  that  night  rode  to  Pep- 


meeting  and  obtaining  their  approbation,  I 
soon  prepared  for  the  journey. 

4th   month  1st.     Went  to  Salem  and  at- 
tended their  First-day  meetings,  where  very 
ttle  was  said.    Put  up  at  my  brother-in-law's, 
Matthew  Purinton's. 

2nd.  Took  an  affectionate  leave  of  my 
friends  and  connexions,  and  accompanied  by 
my  brother-in-law,  we  rode  to  Newburyport. 
By  reason  of  the  great  body  of  snow  on  the 
ground,  though  at  this  late  season  of  the  year, 
the  travelling  was  very  difficult. 

3rd.  Had  a  very  dull  meeting  at  Friends' 
meeting-house  in  this  place,  with  a  small  com- 
pany, chiefly  nominal  professors  of  our  own 
Society.  The  standard  of  truth  appears  to  be 
very  much  let  down  among  them  ;  and  a  great 
want  of  the  brilliancy  of  that  example  and 
manners  which  so  conspicuously  characterized 
our  worthy  predecessors,  as  lights  of  the 
world.     Rode  to  Almsbury. 

"4th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  this 
place,  some  relief  was  obtained.  In  the  after- 
noon rode  to  Seabrook. 

"5th.  At  another  appointed  meeting:  but 
few  Friends  present ;  though  a  large  number 
of  others.  Ann  was  silent,  and  with 
was  a  laborious  season.  This  afternoon  we 
went  in  sleighs,  over  abundant  snow,  to  make 
a  visit  to  our  ancient  friend  Comfort  Collins: 
she  is  in  the  94th  year  of  her  age,  and  has  for 
her  room  companion,  Betty  Dow,  a  worthy 
Friend  about  80  years  old.  The  visit  was 
rendered  truly  precious  to  me.  Returned  at 
night  to  our  lodgings. 

"6th.  We  pursued  ourjourney.  Someplaces 
the  roads  were  almost  impassable;  but  we 
surmounted  all  obstacles  and  arrived  in  Dover 
just  at  night. 

"7th.  Very  stormy.  The  day  spent  mostly 
in  writing 

"  8th.  First-day,  at  their  meeting.  The 
weather  was  fair  and  pleasant,  but  the  meet 
ing  was  small,  and  very  exercising  on  divers 


n  the  air,  and  with  splendid  majesty  bearing 
testimony  to  the  power  of  Him  who  made 
them. 

15th.  First  day  of  the  week.  At  both 
their  meetings  Ann  was  silent;  but  my  mind 
was  drawn  to  drop  a  few  close  hints,  which 
brought  relief. 

"  16th.  Attended  an  appointed  meeting  at 
Falmouth,  in  which  an  alarm  was  sounded, 
and  we  left  them  under  painful  sensations. 
Dined,  and  rode  to  Windham. 

17th.  Another  searching  season  in  their 
meeting.  May  the  careless  and  the  supine 
lay  it  to  heart.  Rode  to  Gorham,  and  on  the 
18th  had  an  appointed  meeting  at  this  place. 
But  few  people  came  together,  and  not  much 
room  for  public  exercise.     Rode  to  Portland. 

"  19th.  My  birth-day,  which  completes  my 
fortieth  year.  Their  Preparative  Meeting 
was  painfully  exercising.  At  the  close  of  it  a 
concern  was  opened  to  visit  the  families  of 
Friends  in  this  place;  which  being  concurred 
with,  we  commenced,  and  visited  three  of 
them  in  the  afternoon. 

"  21st.  Finished  the  work.  It  was  a  season 
of  close  investigation. 

"22nd.  A  season  of  enlargement  in  their 
First-day  meetings;  and  dear  Ann  Alexander 
closed  the  public  exercise  of  the  day  in  solemn 
powerful  supplication. 

"  23rd.  At  a  meeting  appointed  for  the  in- 
habitants of  the  town,  which  was  truly  a 
favored  season,  and  doubtless  satisfactory  to 
most  if  not  all  minds  present. 

"24th.  Feeling  clear  of  Portland  and  its 
inhabitants,  we  left  them  and  rode  to  Fal- 
mouth. Had  a  searching  and  trying  time  in 
two  families. 

"  25th.     The  day  spent  chiefly  in  writing. 

"  26th.  At  Falmouth  Monthly  Meeting ;  a 
time  and  exercise  deeply  engraven  on  the 
minds  of  some  of  us. 

"  28th.     After  some  arduous  exercise  in  a 


accounts.     Dined  at  William  Brown's;  and, |meeting_ appointed  for  us  in  Lewif 
he  accompanying  us,  we  rode  to  Berwick,  and; rode  to 


282 


THE    FRIEND. 


"  29tb.  First  day  of  the  week.  Some  ser- 
vice opened  for  me,  very  much  to  the  relief 
and  strength  of  mj'  mind. 

"30th.  Went  to  Winthrop  and  sat  a  very 
laborious  meeting  among  them,  appointed  for 
us;  in  which  a  sense  of  great  formality  pre- 
vailed. Dined,  and  then  travelled  to  Augusta. 
"  5th  month  1st.  Thence  to  Vassalborough, 
where  on  the  2d  we  had  rather  a  dull  season 
in  their  meeting.  A  short  testimony,  how- 
ever, brought  some  relief  to  my  mind. 

"4th.  Crossed  the  Kennebeck  and  rode  to 
Sidne}'. 

"ath.  Attended  a  meeting  of  the  most 
arduous  description. 

"6th.  At  the  River  Meeting.  Silent.  A  pro 
spect  opened  for  another  family  visit,  which, 
obtaining  Friends'  approbation,  we  com- 
menced. 

"9th.  At  the  River  Preparative  Meeting 
Silent.  Afternoon  visited  the  family  of  a 
Friend  who  bad  fallen  from  his  steadfastness 
in  the  Truth.  It  was  a  season  of  visitation 
renewed,  and  encouragement  to  emerge  from 
his  present  condition.  He  was  reached  and 
humbled  ;  and  brought  to  a  sense  of  his  situa- 
tion, and  wept  much.  O,  for  the  desired  effect. 
We  tarried  with  them  all  night. 

"  11th.  Closed  our  visit  to  the  families  of 
this  place  to-day.  It  was  a  close  searching 
time,  and  the  things  belonging  to  the  peace 
of  individuals  wore  set  before  them  in  the  au- 
thority of  Truth.  May  it  be  a  season  of  im- 
provement. Moses  Sleeper  was  with  us  to 
most  of  the  families. 

"12th.  A  leisure  day.  My  leisure  moments 
are  spent  much  in  solitary  walks  in  woods 
and  obscure  places;  it  has  'been  found  profit- 
able to  retire  to  commune  with  my  own  heart, 
and  beBtill.  Theseseasonshave  been  strength- 
ening and  sanctified  to  me. 

"13th.  In  their  First-day  meeting,  dear 
Ann  was  bowed  and  much  favored  in  solemn 
supplication  at  the  feet  of  Him,  who  made  the 
Heavens  and  the  earth,  and  in  whose  holy 
Hand  are  all  the  blessings  we  are  capable  of 
enjoying.  Afternoon  another  favored  season, 
in  a  meeting  appointed  for  people  of  other 
societies.     I  doubt  not  many  were  edified. 

"15th.  Ann  Alexander  being  confined  by 
indisposition,  I  went  in  company  with  Moses 
Sleeper  and  wife,  to  the  East  Pond,  and  at- 
tended the  meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders. 
We  were  enabled  to  drink  together  into  the 
one  cup  of  Divine  consolation";  by  which  we 
were  mutually  strengthened.  After  meeting 
returned  to  our  lodgings. 

"  16th.  Attended  the  Monthly  Meeting 
held  at  East  Pond,  under  mingled  sensations 
of  pain  and  comfort. 

"  17th.  Accompanied  by  several  Friend 
we  rode  to  Augusta  ;  a  pleasant  little  town  at 
the  head  of  navigation  on  theKenebeck  river. 
In  tho  afternoon  we  attended  a  meeting  ap- 
pointed for  the  inhabitants  of  that  place.  A 
pretty  large  collection  of  people  came  to- 
gether, and  the  glad  tidings  of  the  Gospel 
were  livingly  preached  to  them.  After  meet- 
ing we  rode  to  Ilollowell,  a  handsome  town 
two  miles  below,  on  the  eastern  margin  of  tho 
same  river. 

"18th.  Here  the  doctrines  of  the  Gospel 
wero  illustrated,  to  the  edification  and  satisfac- 
tion of  a  pretty  numerous  audience  assembled 
in  the  Presbyterian  meeting-house.  A  time 
to  lie  commemorated,  blessed  forever  be  the 
Helper  of  his  people.  In  the  afternoon  we 
rode  to  Dresden. 


"19th.     Another  leisure  day.     More  fruit: 


rived  from  retiremc 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  276.) 

It  may  now  be  instructive  to  give  ear  to 
the  "sober  second  thought"  of  some  of  the 
play-actors  themselves. 

Colley  Cibber,  for  forty  years  an  actor,  has 
this  to  remark  concerning  his  occupation. 
Writing  in  the  time  of  Queen  Anne,  he  says: 
"  While  vice  and  farcical  folly  are  the  most 
profitable  commodities,  why  should  we  won- 
der that,  time  out  of  mind,  the  poor  comedian 
when  real  vice  could  boar  no  price,  should 
deal  in  what  would  bring  him  most  ready 
money?  Put  this,  you  will  say,  is  making 
the  stage  a  nursery  of  vice  and  folly,  or  at 
least  keeping  an  open  shop  for  it.  I  grant  it." 
In  an  epilogue  composed  by  Dr.  Johnson,  and 
spoken  by  Gibber's  successor,  Garriek,  at  the 
re-opening  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre  upon  a 
professedly  reformed  basis,  there  occurs  this 
sentiment: 


"  All !  let  not  censure  term  our  fate  our  choice, 

The  stage  but  echoes  back  the  public  voice; 

The  drama's  laws  the  drama's  patrons  give, 

For  we  that  live  to  please  must  please  to  live." 

Dumas,  who  wrote  "  Camille,"  said  :  "  Y 

do  not  take  your  daughter  to  see  my  play, 

You  are  right.     Let  me  say  once  for  all,  you 

must  not  take  your  daughter  to  the  theatre. 

It  is  not  merely  the  work  that  is  immoral,  it 

tho  place.  Whenever  we  paint  men,  the 
must  be  a  grossness  that  cannot  be  plac 
before  all  eyes;  and  whenever  the  theatre  ._ 
elevated  and  loyal,  it  can  live  only  by  usino- 
the  color  of  truth.  The  theatre  being  the 
picture  or  satire  of  the  passions  and  social 
manners,  it  must  bo  immoral — the  passions 
and  social  manners  themselves  beino-  im- 
moral." Edwin  Booth,  in  a  letter  to  tho 
Christian  Union,  says:  "I  never  permit  my 
wife  or  daughter  to  witness  a  play  without 
previously  ascertaining  its  character.  *  * 
While  the  theatre  is  permitted  to  bo  a  more 
shop  for  gain,  open  to  every  huckster  of  im- 
moral gimcracks,  there  is  no  other  way  to 
discriminate  between  the  pure  and  base  than 
through  the  experience  of  others."  (This  E. 
Booth,  in  his  vain  attempt  to  reform  the  stage, 
lost  a  fortune.)  W.  C.  Mac-ready,  another 
noted  actor,  said  :  "  None  of  my  children  shall 
ever,  with  my  consent,  or  on  any  pretence, 
enter  a  theatre,  or  have  any  visiting  connec 
tion  with  actors  and  actresses."  Sheridan 
Knowles,  once  a  successful  playwright  and 
actor,  having  become  a  Christian,  renounced 
the  stage  as  utterly  evil,  and  devoted  the  re 
mainder  of  bis  life  to  preaching  the  Gospel. 

Says  Theodore  L.  Cuyler,  writing  on  the 
Perils  of  the  Play  House  :  "  Ono  of  the  most 
celebrated  actresses  of  this  time  informed 
friend  of  mine  that  she  '  only  enters  a  theatre 
to  enact  her  part,  and  has  very  little  conver- 
sation with  her  own  profession.'  A  converted 
actor  once  said  to  mo,  while  passing  a  ])\ny- 
house  in  which  he  bad  often  performed, — 
1  Behind  those  curtains  lies  Sodom.'  Although 
sorely  pressed  to  return  to  his  old  pursuits,  he 
said  he  would  sooner  starve  than  go  on  the 
stage  again.'  These  men  certainly  knew 
whereof  they  affirmed." 

Of  play-acting,   the  actress   Siddons  says 


that  it  is  a  business  "  unworthy  of  a  woman,  j 
Frances  Kemble,  in  her  "Reminiscences 
the  Stage" — a  recent  instalment  of  which  ap 
peared  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly — gives  the  sut 
joined  striking  testimony.  Describing  he 
first  appearance  on  the  stage,  she  says  : 

"  So  my  life  was  determined,  and  I  devotet 
myself  to  an  avocation  which  I  never  liked  o 
honored,  and  about  the  very  nature  of  whicl 
I  have  never  been  able  to  come  to  a  decidet 
opinion.  It  is  in  vain  that  the  undoubte< 
specific  gifts  of  great  actors  and  actresses  sug 
gest  that  all  gifts  are  given  for  rightful  exer 
cise  ;  in  vain  that  Shakespeare's  plays  urirt 
the  imperative  claim  to  the  most  perfect  illus 
tration  they  can  receive  from  histrionic  in 
terpretation :  a  business  which  is  incessan 
excitement  and  factitious  emotion,  seems  tc 
me  unworthy  of  a  man;  a  business  which  Q 
public  exhibition  is  unworthy  of  a  woman.' 
*  *  "  Never,"  she  further  says,  "  have  I  pre 
sented  myself  before  an  audience  without  i 
hrinking  feeling  of  reluctance,  or  withdrawr 
from  their  presence  without  thinking  the  ex- 
citement I  had  undergone  unhealthy,  and  the 
personal  exhibition  odious." 

In  endeavoring  to  account  (after  her  public 
appearance  at  Drury  Lane)  for  the  origin  oi 
the  deep  impression  that  she  had  entertained 
as  to  the  moral  dangers  of  the  life  upon  which 
she  was  then  entering — for,  she  says,  this  fear- 
fulness  certainly  came  not  from  her  parents, 
who  seemed  not  to  have  been  troubled  with 
any  moral  repugnance  to  their  calling — she 
proceeds  :   "  I  had  never  heard  the  nature  of 
it  discussed,  and  was  absolutely  without  ex- 
perience of  it;    but  the  vapid  vacuity  of  the 
last  years  of  my  aunt  Siddons'  life  had  made 
a  profound  impression  upon  me — her  apparent 
deadness    and    indifference    to    every    thing, 
which  I  attributed  (unjustly  perhaps)  less  to 
her  advanced  age  than  to  what  I  supposed 
the  withering  and  drying  influence  of  tho  over- 
stimulating   atmosphere  of  emotion,   excite- 
ment, and  admiration  in  which  she  had  passed 
her  life ;  certain  it  is  that  such  was  my  dread 
of  the  effect  of  my  profession  upon  me,  that  I 
added  an  earnest  petition  to  my  daily  prayers 
that  I  might  be  defended  from   the  evil  influ- 
ences I  feared  might  be  exercised  upon  me." 
Not  less  convincing  than  the  above,  is  the 
(late)  changed  experience  and  the  testimony 
of  one  of  our  own  countrymen,  who  for  more 
than   twenty  years  followed  the  stage  in  the 
various    characters   of  clown,    minstrel,  and 
egular  play-actor.     Having  seen  the  folly  of, 
and  abandoned  his  former  occupation,  he  has 
been   a  good  deal   occupied  during  the  past 
three  years  in  calling  others  from  tho  evil  of 
their  way,  with  the  result  that  quite  a  num- 
ber of  stage-players  have  abandoned  the  pur- 
suit, and  turned  to  more  morally-profitable 
engagements.  Ata  lecture  given  some  months 
ago  in  the  city  of  New  York,  ho  gave  a  sketch 
of  his  life,  in  which   he  pointed  out  from  his 
own  experience,  that  "  the  way  of  the  trans- 
gressor is  hard."     Blessed  with  a  good  Chris- 
tian home— the  remembrance  of  which  never 
left  him  in  all  the  years  of  bis  wandering — he 
confessed,   nevertheless,   that  often,  after   bis 
mother  had  given  him  her  "good  night  kiss" 
and   supposed   be  was  asleep,  he  would  dress 
himself  and  steal  out  of  the  house  to  goto  tho 
theatre — so  strong  had  become  his  infatuation 
for  the  play. 

Referring  to  tho  way  in  which  professing 
Christians  turn  their  harks  upon  the  Master 
in  this  matter — frequenting    the   play-house 


THE    FRIEND. 


283 


ind  siding  with  the  enemies  of  truth  and  rigbt- 
ousness— he  said  :  "  I  have  stood  by  the  foot- 
ights  manj-  a  night,  and  recognized  in  the 
ludience  Christian  men  by  whose  side  I  had 
sat  in  church.  You  all  know  the  influence  of 
juch  conduct  upon  the  young.  And  not  only 
jrpung  men,  but  old  gray-haired  men  appear 
those  places  nightly  ;  and,  though  not  a 
christian,  I  have  blushed  again  and  again  to 
ee  Christian  (?)  men  laughing  at  and  applaud- 

g  scenes  of  vice  and  vulgarit3\"     Conclud- 

g,  he  said  he  could  not  understand  how  any 
nan  who  has  given  his  heart  to  Christ,  can 
nter  those  gateways  to  hell,  and  he  knew 
ictors  who  are  longing  to  get  away  from  the 
nfluences  that  surround  them  and  the  bonds 
bat  hold  them  to  the  stage. 

In  speaking  of  the  perils  of  the  play-bouse, 
t  is  therefore  not  alone  the  imminent  danger 
o  the  atte  riders  which  has  to  be  considered, 
ut  also,  as  just  intimated,  the  moral  loss — 
requently    the   overwhelming    moral   loss  — 

hich  is  sure  to  accrue  to  the  players  tbem- 
elvcs.     I   will  introduce  this  aspect  of  the 


Pants  are  often  gorgeous  with  silver  but- 
tons, a  double  row  running  up  each  outside 
seam,  with  a  silver  cord  laced  between  the 
buttons  of  each  row.  Sometimes  as  many  as 
one  hundred  and  fifty  buttons  are  required 
for  a  single  pair  of  pants,  and  constitute  no 
small  part  of  one's  fortune.  The  silver  on  one 
pair  that  I  saw  cost  6120.  These  garments 
aro  cut  so  small  that  the  buttons  are  a  neces- 
sity. And  yet  in  the  diversity  of  styles  it  is 
not  strange  to  see  on  the  lower  classes  pants 
thirty  inches  in  circumference  at  the  knees. 
The  fundamental  idea  that  lies  at  the  base  of 
a  .Mexican  gentleman's  dress  is,  that  be  is  a 
horseman.  Hence  pants  are  often  reinforced 
with  leather,  as  if  for  cavalry  service,  and 
worn  by  men  who  never  vault  into  a  saddle. 
Another  strange  article  of  apparel  is  a  long 
shawl,  called  a  rebozo,  on  the  women,  and  a 
blanket,  called  serape,  on  the-men.  The  rebozo 
is  dropped  on  the  head,  one  end  falling  in  front 
of  the  left  shoulder,  and  the  other  end  is  pass- 
ed in  front  of  the  face  and  thrown  behind  the 
left  shoulder.  It  is  head-dress,  cloak,  mantilla, 
basket,  baby  wagon  and  general  cover  for  all 
things  one  desires  to  conceal.  Sometimes  a 
hole  is  cut  in  the  middle  of  the  serape  and  it 
is  slipped  over  the  bead  ;  but  in  every  case  it 
is  wrapped  tightly  about  the  arms  if  the 
weather  is  in  the  least  chilly.  What  are  the 
possibilities  of  a  race,  the  arms  of  which  aro 
wrapped  in  shawls?  It  becomes  almost  an 
armless  race. 

Shoes  are  in  equally  great  variety.     Many, 

humor  to  jest,  and  to 'seek  excite-lof  all  the  inner  life,  and  even  of  the  modes  of.  both  women  and  men,  wear  none  whatever. 

listraction;  first,  because  his  tem-  thinking  and  metaphysics  of  the  land.  Many  wear  the  sandal,  which  is  simply  a  piece 


Those  advanced  in  years  bad  as  much  need 
as  any,  who  were  just  ready  to  step  out  of 
time,  being  by  the  course  of  nature  upon  the 
veiy  verge  of  eternity,  and  the  Judge  waiting 
as  before  the  door,  to  receive  their  entrance. 
And  those  who  were  ministers  and  elders  had 
much  need  to  watch  well  their  ways,  that  they 
might  example  the  flock,  and  have  to  say, 
•Follow  us  as  we  follow  Christ,'  the  holy  and 
heavenly  Pattern  of  true  rectitude,  who  had 
not  (by  his  own  testimony)  whereon  to  lay 
his  head,  so  much  was  he  a  stranger  and  pil- 
grim upon  earth.  Those  who  were  parents 
and  heads  of  families  had  much  need  to  watch 
well  their  ways,  that  they  might  be  good  ex- 
amples and  waymarkfl  to  thej-outh  ;  and  the 
j'outb  themselves,  that  they  might  be  pre- 
served from  a  fellowship  with  the  people  or 
spirit  of  the  world,  remembering  that  evil 
communications  corrupt  good  manners.  I 
entreated  all  to  watch,  for  he  that  betrays  was 
near  at  hand,  now  as  well  as  formerly,  to 
bring  into  bondage,  and  under  his  govern- 
ment.    Great    need,    therefore,    have    we    to 


ubject,  by  quoting  the  following  brief  para-  watch  well  our  ways,  and  look  to  our  Head, 
;raph  concerning  a  widely-known  American  our  Husband  and  Guide,  that  we  may  be  en- 
ctor  who  died  not  many  years  ago,  premis-  abled   to  join    in   a   holy  confederacy  to  pull 
ng  the  quotation  with  the  remark,  that  the  down  the  kingdom  of  sin  and  Satan  " 
'tten  by  a  friendly  hand,  and  — — — —• 

Street  Sights  in  Mexico. 

ENRV   W.    WARREN 


Odom  of  sin  and  Satan 
Ijords  were 

hat  the  glimpse  they  give  of  the  inner  life  of 
his  actor  of  note  is  doubtless  not  unlike  that! 

f  very  many  who  live  by  the  stage.  I      The  first  thing  that  strikes  a  traveller  in  a 

"His  habitual  mood  was  one  of  levity.    He  strange  land,  are  the  street  sights.     They  are 
oved  and  trusted   but  very  few  persons.     It  the  outcome  of  all  the  thrift  or  thriftlessness, 
uited  his 
nd  d 


tapbys 

lerament  naturally  bloomed  in  a  frolic  atmos-j  One  is  first  struck  with  the  odd  and  some- 1  of  leather  pierced  round  the  edge  for  strings 
ihere,  and  then  because  he  wished  to  suppress  times  fantastic  appellations  of  the  small  shops. 'to  lace  over  the  foot.  People  wearing  these 
nelancholy  feelings  and  a  gloomy  pronenessjA  grocery,  in  a  room  7x12  feet,  parades  the  never  have  corns.  Hats  are  in  equally  great 
o  self-reproach  and  saddening  introspection.  |  name  of"  "The  Philosophy."  On  the  grog-  j  variety.  The  sombrero  has  a  brim  six  or 
n  his  domestic  life  he  was  unfortunate  ;  and  shops  ma}' be  seen  the  following  very  frank  i eight  inches  wide,  often  stiff  with  silver  or 
"ved  to  learn— as  all  do  who  depart  from  and  significant  names:  "The  Charms  of  the1  gold  braid.  Hats  frequently  cost  twenty  or 
nnocence— that  the  wrong  that  is  done  to  Seductoress,"  "  The  Kiss  of  Love,"  "  The  Life  j  fifty  dollars;  and  one  gentleman  showed  me 
he  affections  can  never  be  righted  on  earth. 


Watch. 

The  following  lines  from  the  life  of  that 
ervant  of  the  Lord,  Samuel  Neale,  are  offer- 
d  for  insertion  in  "The  Friend.'' 

It  seems  as  needful  in  this  day  as  in  any 
ge  of  the  world,  to  watch;  yes,  to  "  watch 
,nd  pray,  lest  we  enter  into  temptation." 
Lnd  seeing  here  have  we  no  continuing  city, 
hould  we  not  be  in  earnest  to  seek  one  to 
ome,  whose  builder  and  maker  the  Lord 
.lone  is.  Laying  aside  every  weight  and  the 
asily  besetting  sin,  tha^t  we  may  run  the 
eavenly  race,  looking  unto  Jesus,  the  author 
nd  the  finisher  of  the  saints'  faith. 

Ohio,  3d  mo.  19th,  1884. 

"Being  First-day,  my  spirit  was  much 
fumbled  in  our  own  meeting,  and  my  Lord 
vas  pleased  to  appear  for  my  succor  and  sup- 
iort.  These  words  were  strongly  impressed 
n  my  spirit,  '  Watch  well  thy  steps  and  ways.' 

took  it  as  a  seasonable  caution  for  my  own 
tate,  and  rested  under  its  admonition,  until 

further  felt  the  animating  virtue  of  Truth 
o  arise  in  my  heart,  and  to  kindle  an  emo- 
ion  to  utter  it  amongst  the  people.  The 
hortness  of  time  was  also  opened  to  my 
lew,  and  the  dangers  we  were  surrounded 
vith  whilst  in  these  houses  of  claj-,— the 
jreat  need  all  had  to  watch  well  their  ways, 
vhich  they  would  be  helped  to  do  as  they 
to  Him  who  has  all  power  in  his  hand. 


Eternal,"  (better  have  said  death  eternal)  a  hat  for  which  he  paid  eighty  dollars.  To 
"  The  Vesuvius,"  (suggestive  of  fiery  floods),!  counterbalance  this  excessive  bestowal  of 
"The  Shipwreck."  "The  Delirium  Tremens"  [money  and  material  on  the  bats  of  a  few, 
and  "The  Little  Hell."  So  do  men  defy  des-  many  go  with  very  little  or  no  hat  at  all.  I 
tiny,  and  face  the  worst.  They  know  they  dismiss  the  subject  of  clothes  with  the  remark 
ush  on  ruin,  and  glory  in  their  shame.  (that  such  extreme  raggedness  is  not  to   be 

Associated  with  the'se  blatant  shops  is  the  jfound  in  any  other  country.  The  brown 
public  traffic  in  pulque,  the  national  intoxi-  skins  appear  in  sections  amid  the 
cant  or  stupefier.  Long  before  reaching 
Mexico  City  one  sees  vast  plantations  of 
maguey  plant,  a  species  of  cactus,  from  the 
centre  of  which  whole  pailsful  of  juice  are 
drawn,  which,  being  put  in  hog-skins,  fer- 
ments and  becomes  mildly  alcoholic.  It  is  a 
vile  drink.  It  is  said  that  one  train  comes 
into  this  city  every  day  bringing  pulque 
enough  to  make  a  charge  of  S3, 000  as  freight. 
It  is  distributed  to  the  shops  in  the  city  in 
casks,  from  which  it  is  drawn  into  the  detest- 
able hog-skins  once  more.  The  hog  never 
looks  worse  than  when  his  skin  is  full  of  this 
evil  spirit,  with  neck  and  each  leg  tied  up  to 
prevent  its  running  out,  too  drunk  to  stand, 
and  lying  round  waiting  'to  have  the  evil 
spirit  transferred  from  its  inside  to  the  inside 
of  some  man. 

Clothes  are  a  street  studjT  in  Mexico.  The 
most  violent  contrasts  are  everywhere  appar- 
ent. Here  one  meets  half  a  dozen  gentlemen 
in  overcoats.  Immediately  behind  come  men 
whose  trouser  legs  are  not  more  than  six 
inches  long,  and  whose  shirts  are  assemblages 
of  holes  loosely  attached  together.  Each 
party  is  seasonably  clad  for  some  part  of 
every  day. 


je  streaming 
rags  of  all  colors,  textures  and  shapes.  It  is 
not  strange  to  see  a  bit  of  fiery  red  carpet 
patched  on  to  what  was  once  white  cotton. 
The  whole  effect  produced  is  that  of  poverty, 
lack  of  taste,  ambition,  and,  perhaps,  possi- 
bility of  bettering  their  condition. 

Lottery  tickets  are  offered  with  constant 
frequency  on  the  streets.  There  are  no  sav- 
ings banks,  but  lotteries  conducted  by  the 
Government.  It  is  no  wonder  the  people  are 
poor. 

A  striking  peculiarity  of  street  life  in  Mex- 
ico is  the  number  of  burdens  borne  on  human 
shoulders.  The  water  carriers  are  very  nu- 
merous. An  enormous  earthen  jar,  with  three 
large  ears,  is  slung  on  the  back,  supported  ex- 
clusively by  a  strap  over  the  forehead.  To 
balance  this  a  smaller  jar  is  hung  in  front, 
supported  by  a  strap  over  the  top  of  the  head. 
Seeing  these  men  and  women  stagger  along 
under  their  heavy  burdens,  one  longs  to  bring 
tbemeltingsnowsof  Popocatepetl  down  to  the 
city  in  pipes,  and  set  it  leaping,singing,  break- 
ing into  pearls  in  the  sunlight,  as  abundant 
and  free  as  God's  gift  of  air. 

All  sorts  of  boxes,  trunks,  and  furniture  are 
carried  on  the  shoulders  of  men.     One  reason 


2S4 


THE    FRIEND. 


is,  the  streets  are  quite  bad  for  carts,  and 
another  is,  men  are  cheaper  than  beasts. 
Theso  men  cany  enormous  burdens,  some 
actually  walking  off  with  900  pounds.  Noth 
ing  can  be  more  expressive  of  strength  and 
the  beautiful  play  of  muscle,  now  stiff  as  steel, 
and  anon  pliable  as  tenderest  flesh,  than  to  see 
a  man  with  nearly  every  muscle  in  sight  mov- 
ing quickly  under  such  loads.  But  seeing 
these  immortal  men  reduced  to  mere  muscle 
how  one  longs  to  cry  aloud  :  "  There  is  power 
enough  in  wind,  steam  and  lightning  to  grind 
all  this  corn,  lift  all  these  loads,  carry  all  these 
burdens.  These  powers  leap  over  the  moun- 
tain tops,  lift  acres  of  lava  in  yonder  volcano, 
and  parade  their  swiftness  in  the  daily  light- 
ning, trying  to  tell  man  that  they  are  ser- 
vants, that  he  is  king." 

One  of  the  most  striking  things  seen  in 
Mexico,  is  the  perpetual  suggestion  of  the 
customs,  manners  and  ways  of  the  East.  The 
houses  in  the  country  at  least  are  mostly  one- 
story  high,  made  of  mud  or  sun-baked  bricks 
of  adobe  ;  they  are  entered  by  a  front  door 
into  a  potto  or  open  court.  Here  all  the  ani- 
mals herd.  One  meets  the  same  little  don- 
keys as  in  the  East,  bearing  the  same  burden 
of  300  pounds.  In  the  field  are  the  same 
plows  and  other  agricultural  tools.  One  of 
the  oldest  Aztec  idols  has  a  head-dress  singu- 
larly like  that  of  the  sphynx  of  Egypt.  One 
constantly  sees  the  same  complexion  and 
physiognomy  as  among  the  Eastern  races. 
There  is  the  same  style  of  dress.  Women 
wash  by  the  stream  in  the  same  manner.  One 
may  eat  bread  baked  at  the  foot  of  llermon, 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  not 
know  the  difference  except  by  the  material 
of  which  it  is  made.  The  scenes  call  up  the 
ideas  from  which  theso  striking  resemblances 
spring.  Even  the  Aztecs  had  traditions  of 
the  deluge,  of  the  ark,  of  the  dove  and  the 
green  spray  or  leaf.  The  great  religious 
structures  of  the  country  are  pyramids;  the 
one  of  Cholula  is  in  design  and  idea  a  repeti- 
tion of  Babel.  Further  back  they  represent 
Eve  as  bringing  sin  into  the  world,  by  the 
temptation  of  a  serpent,  and  as  bequeathing 
to  her  sex  the  sorrows  of  childbirth. 

Street  scenes  in  Mexico  are  amusing  at 
times;  but  the  general  impression  is  that  of 
sadness  that  a  race  can  be  oppressed  for  cen- 
turies till  all  elasticity  has  been  worn  out, 
that  men  with  immortal  minds  can  become] 
contented  beasts  of  burden,  and,  saddest  of 
all,  that  the  most  of  this  has  been  accomplish- 
ed by  what  claims  to  be  religion. —  The  Inde- 
pendent. 


Wanted,  a  Home. — It  is  good  for  the  newly 
married,  as  a  rule,  to  begin  by  themselves; 
together,  without  the  officious  directions  of 
others,  however  well  meaning  ;  and  it  is  good, 
if  possible,  to  be  at  home,  not  at  a  boarding- 
house  or  a  hotel.  For  young  married  people 
it  is  best  that  they  should  live  together;  their 
doors  closing  out  the  world  ;  that  they  should 
be  all  in  all,  under  (iod,  to  each  other;  that 
the  young  wife  should  not  be  pursued  by  cal- 
culations as  to  how  she  looks  to  a  hundred 
spectators ;  that  ho  and  she  should  plan  to- 
gether, wisely  adapt  their  (nodes  and  habits 
of  life  to  means  and  prospects,  always  remem- 
bering that  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  go  up, 
but  exceeding  difficult  to  descend  gracefully. 
A  modest,  self-contained  dwelling  is  morally 
more  healthy,  more  conducive  to  permanent 


happiness   than   the  "nicest  apartments" 
the  most  attractive  hotel. — Selected. 


For  "  The  Friend.' 

"Incidents  and   Beflections"  in  No.  21 
The  Friend,"  suggested  the  following  line 

WATCHMEN— Ezek.  in.  17. 

The  watchman  placed  on  Zion's  walls, 

To  warn  of  dangers  near, 
Must  heed  die  Master  when  He  calls, 

Must  sound  his  warnings  clear, 
Though  all  the  powers  of  earth  combine, 

Opposing  in  the  way  : 
The  message,  Lord  !  is  wholly  thine; 

"f  is  ours  to  obey. 

Man  fain  would  claim  a  right  to  carp 

And  cavil  at  thy  word, 
Adverse  to  all  his  ways — so  sharp 

And  grievous  to  be  heard  ; 
Unveiling  every  secret  thought 

Or  act,  vain  self  would  try  : 
All  things  unto  the  Light  are  brought 

To  thy  all-searching  eye. 

Love-prompted  warnings  set  aside, 

Can  mortal  this  endure? 
Reflect!  thy  Master  is  denied  ; 

Than  thou,  more  perfect — pure. 
Though  chilled  the  heart  thus  set  at  naught, 

"Should  mortal  man  complain?" 
'Tis  by  such  sacrifice  is  bought 

Freedom  from  Satan's  chain. 

What  matter  though  some  friend  should  chide, 

And  worldlings  scull'  and  scorn  ; 
Behold,  our  ev'ry  want's  supplied — 

Our  ev'ry  conflict  borne 
By  Him,  who  marks  the  sparrow's  fall, 
And  giveth  light  and  life, 
ports  the  weak,  yea,  comforts  all 
'ho  brave  the  world's  dread  strife. 


Yi 


The  servant  needs  not  better  fate 

Than  that  his  Master  shared  : 
In  duty's  pathway,  calmly  wait 

The  sweet  rewards  prepared 
For  those  whose  ev'ry  act  and  thought, 

Is  centered  in  God's  will ; 
Behold,  how  thine  own  ransom's  bought  ! 

Serve — suffer — and  he  still. 
Marshallton,  1st  mo.  1884. 


Selected  for  "  The  Friend." 

FLOWER  TEACHINGS. 

Tis  not  lost  time  to  steal  from  graver  things 

Awhile  away,  and  muse  among  the  flowers; 

Is  there  not  wrought  in  every  tiny  leaf, 

Undying  truth  for  the  reflective  mind  ? 

Are  they  not  eloquent,  though  void  of  speech, 

Suggestive  to  the  soul  of  higher  things, 

More  lofty  uses  and  more  noble  ends 

Than  earth's  best  and  highest?     Methinks  they  are. 

The  heart  is  led  to  Him  who  bade  them  spring 

From  nothingness  to  glorious  life — who  gave 

To  each  its  own  sweet  lime  to  bud  and  bloom, 

Its  own  kind  mission  to  fulfil  on  earth  — 

Its  time  to  fade  and  die. 

There  is  a  voice 
That  speaketh  to  the  inner  ear  sweet  words 
Of  cheering  hope,  and  lowly  trust  that  He 
Who  bade  them  spring  from   earth  and  clothed  each 

leaf 
With  grace  and  beauty  rare,  hath  the  same  power 
To  raise  us  from  the  dust  to  live  again. 
Heart  comforters  are  ye,  bright  flowers,  and  much 
I  love  you  for  your  gentle  minstrelsy, 
And  for  the  ample  harvest  of  sweet  thoughts 
My  soul  hath  garnered  in  for  after  use. 
When  sad  from  life's  o'erburthened  ills,  my  heart 
Doth  strength  and  courage  gain  from  flowers  that  dare 
The  angry  storm,  and  still  with  smiling  brow, 
Look  up  through  tears  to  Heaven  ;  thus  would  I  learn 
To  look  through  clouds  of  sorrow  up  to  God; 
And  gain  from  fading  leaf  and  drooping  flower 
The  wisdom  of  a  better  love  than  marks 
The  schools  of  men — that  wisdom  which  heart-learned, 
Dims  not  the  eye,  and  leaves  upon  the  brow 
No  marks  of  age.     Ah  !  would  that  we  were  prompt 
To  learn  the  lessons  they  are  prone  to  teach. 


"  I  LOVE  YOU  SO." 

A  little  head  with  golden  hair, 

A  little  face  so  sweet  and  fair, 

A  little  hand  with  its  dimpled  grace, 

It  wanders  so  lovingly  o'er  my  face, 

And  a  sweet  voice  whispers  soft  and  low, 

"  I  love  you,  sister — I  love  you  so." 

It  is  dreary  outside — the  wind  and  rain 

Sweep  sobbing  by  like  a  funeral  train; 

But  there's  light  within— my  heart  beats  high, 

I  heed  not  the  wild  wind's  wailing  cry, 

As  I  list  to  the  murmur,  soft  and  low 

"  I  love  you,  sister — I  love  you  so." 

Ah,  what  is  fame  but  an  empty  show, 
Luring  us  on  through  fields  of  snow  ! 
Ah,  what  is  wealth  but  a  glittering  chain, 
Linking  our  hearts  to  the  wind  and  rain, 
If  we  hear  not  murmured  soft  and  low 
The  sweet,  fond  words  "  I  love  you  so." 

"  I  love  you,  sister  1"  ah,  murmur  it  o'er, 
They're  the  echoed  words  of  another  shore  ; 
Where  the  streets  are  gold  and  the  robes  are  white  ; 
Where  there  comes  no  storm  with  its  bitter  blight, 
Where  many  fond  hearts  we  have  missed  below 
Are  murmuring  still,  "We  love  you  so." 

—Lizzie  67.  Beebe. 

Temperance  Gains. 

An  article  in  The  Independent,  written  by  E 
Dorchester,  reckons  among  these  the  ehang 
in  the  popular  estimate  of  the  liquor  tra" 
which  has  now  become  a  disreputable  busi 
ness.     It  says  : — 

"Sixty  to  eighty  years  ago,  liquor  sellin; 
was  as  reputable  as  any  other  business, 
was  a  regular  part  of  the  stock  of  all  grocere 
Old  men  have  told  me  that,  in  deciding  wber 
the}^  would  buy  their  groceries,  people  mad 
the  question  turn  upon  whero  they  could  ot 
tain  the  best  liquors  and  at  the  most  favors 
prices.  West  India  rum  was  then  as  legiti 
mate  as  any  other  West  India  goods ;  am 
New  England  rum  ranked  with  corn,  flou 
and  calico.  There  was  no  conscience  abou 
selling  either.  The  best  men  were  liquo 
sellers.  Prof.  Calvin  E.  Stowe,  relates  of  hi 
native  town  : 

'  There  was  a  grocery  store  kept  by  Deacoi 
Eb,  as  he  was  called,  where  an  enormou 
amount  of  rum  was  sold.  He  failed,  and 
some  wa}-  his  account  books  were  scattered 
about  the  streets.  We  boys  called  them  Des 
con  Eb's  psalm  books.  The  charges  in  the 
ran  somewhat  thus  :  "To  rum,  to  tod,  to  rutr 
to  tod,  to  rum,  to  tod."  Nine  out  of  ten  o 
the  charges  were  either  for  rum  or  toddy, 
recollect  being  in  the  store,  one  day,  when  ai 
old  man  came  in  who  was  once  the  owner  c 
a  fine  farm.  He  was  squalid  and  trembling 
but  called  for  toddy.  With  his  tremblin, 
bands  he  just  managed  to  raise  the  first  am 
second  glass  to  his  lips.  Ho  called  for  a  thirc 
and  instead  of  taking  it  in  his  hands,  ho  wa 
obliged  to  leave  it  on  the  counter,  lean  ovei 
and  suck  it  up  with  his  lips.  I  look  bae! 
upon  this  period  with  perfect  terror.' 

Eighty  years  ago,  before  stoves  were  ir 
troduccd  into  the  places  of  worship,  the  me 
went  to  the  tavern,  at  the  intermission  be 
tween  the  services,  to  warm  themselves,  am 
to  obtain  '  spiritual'  refreshment.  The  drink 
ing  was  conducted  in  a  lively  manner,  so  tha 
on  returning  to  the  meeting-house  in  th 
afternoon,  '  the  faces  of  the  deacons  and  othe 
prominent  members  shone  more  than  did  th 
face  of  Moses,  when  he  descended  from  th 
Mount.' 

These  facts  show  how  the  dram-shop  wa 


THE    FRIEND. 


285 


irded  in  those  days.  It  was  not  until 
after  1830  that  the  morality  of  the  liquor 
traffic  was  seriously  questioned.  Since  that 
time,  a  strong  revulsion  against  the  dram- 
shop has  been  going  on.  Even  in  the  last  ten 
years,  the  popular  abhorrence  of  the  saloon 
bas  strengthened  and  widened  out  into  large 
circles  of  people. 

Said  an  old  man  to  me,  within  a  year:  'I 
was  a  liquor  dealer  forty  years,  beginning 
when  very  different  views  were  held  from 
those  now  common.  I  was  a  clerk  in  a  coun- 
try grocery,  where  liquors  were  sold  as  food. 
Later  I  was  a  wholesale  whisky  dealer  in 
Boston.     But  I  have  been  out  of  the  business 

few  years.  It  has  become  very  disreputable, 
carried  on  now  by  the  very  lowest  classes  of 
people,  and  sinking  lower  every  year.  A 
rum-seller's  wife  may  be  as  fine  a  lady  as 
there  is  in  town,  as  cultivated  and  intelligent, 
and  she  may  have  been  a  perpetual  protest  to 


reading  calls  forth,  does  the  general  good  war- 
rant their  continuance? 

It  is  advanced  by  some,  that  in  replying  to 
these  letters  opportunity  is  afforded  to  cor- 
rect them  by  tendering  remonstrance  or  coun- 
sel as  needed.  But  do  we  find  this  ever  avail- 
ed of;  or  what  encouragement  have  we  to 
attempt  it  ?  A  very  few  years  ago  an  attempt 
was  made  in  respect  to  an  epistle  generally 
admitted  to  be  faulty  in  its  character ;  but  when 
the  replj*  came  to  be  submitted  to  the  meet- 
ing, the  intended  correction  was  withdrawn 
on  the  plea  of  being  too  pointed,  and  a  grave 
doctrinal  error  passed  unrebuked.  It  was 
thus  the  faithfulness  of  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meeting  was  the  occasion  of  our  losing  that 
oldest  and  most  truly  faithful  correspondent, 
and  the  reply  we  sent  to  their  brotherly  re- 
monstrance and  complaint  touching  the  circu- 
lation of  writings  which  they  carefully  pointed 
o-ut  to  be  untenable  and  mischievous,  virtually 


her  husband  against  his  business:   but  if  she 'closed  the  door  to   this  interchange.     Theii 
goes  out  into  society,  she  is  pointed  out  as  pathetic  entreaties  and  warnings,  fully  justi 


that  rum-seller's  wife."    No  decent  man  can  tied  as  they  were    by  passing   even 
remain  in  the  business.     I  am  glad  I  am  out 
of  it.' 

In  1876  a  thorough  canvass  was  made  of 
Philadelphia,  in  respect  to  the  nationality 
and  character  of  its  liquor  dealers,  with  the 
following  results: 


the 


seemed  to  many  Friends  in  a  capriciously 
arbitrary  manner,  and  not  in  accordance  with 
the  spirit  or  letter  of  our  discipline — so  that 
when  any  emergency  arises,  do  we  not  find 
such  doing  as  they  list?  Where  have  we 
prevented  divisions,  or  where  have  we  suc- 
cessfully reconciled  divided  Meetings?  I  be- 
lieve our  failure  herein  has  in  every  case 
arisen  from  too  precipitate  action  in  the  first 
instance,  thus  fatally  closing  the  door  against 
counsel  or  the  possibility,  humanly  speaking, 
of  either  party  retracing  their  steps.  With 
such  meetings  as  are  not  on  the  register  for 
this  formal  correspondence,  our  influence  thus 
far  has  been  absolutely  nil. 

This  brings  me,  if  not  to  a  part  of  the  ques- 
tion, to  a  subject  closely  connected  with  it, 
which  should  not  be  longer  overlooked,  viz., 
our  relation  to  those  very  bodies,  smaller  or 
larger,  as  they  may  be,  in  comparison  with 
those  they  are  divided  from  in  the  same  lo- 
cality, who.  whilst  allowedly  holding  the 
principles  of  Friends,  and  claiming  them  by 
profession,  are  virtually  disallowed  by  the 
arbitrary  rule  based  upon  holding  epistolary 
correspondence.  Are  such  bodies,  usually  in- 
cluding, as  we  know,  the  sounder  portion  of 


divisions  then  taking  place  on  this  ground  in 
New  England  in  1843 — K>,  were  more  fully 
confirmed  in  that  which  followed   in   Ohio  in 

1S54,  when  the  differing  judgment  of  the  twojthe  Society,  to  continue  to  be  excluded  by  us 
Yearly  Meetings  culminated  in  the  cessation  as  from  the  household  of  faith?  Can  no 
of  their  epistolary  intercourse.  remedy  be  found  for  this  anomalous  state  of 

Well,  greatly  as  this  abstention  has  beenthings?  I  feel  the  subject  is  attended  with 
deplored,  Philadelphia  from  1857  has  ceased  serious  difficulties,  and  that  whilst  our  present 
to  receive  or  issue  correspondence,  and  with  system  of  correspondence  is  continued,  these 
what  result?  Some  loss,  doubtless,  has  ac-  seem  to  be  insuperable;  but  a  frank  admis- 
crued  ;  but  not,  I  believe,  in  her  own  case  insion  of  them  would,  I  think,  be  a  first  step  to 
any  degree  approaching  to  that  which  those  their  remedy,  and  the  withdrawal  of  the  sys- 
co-ordinate  bodies  have  sustained  who  werejtem  now  impugned  would  at  once  clear  the 
the  occasion  of  her  isolation.     Upholding  the  ground.  _ 

doctrines  of  the  early  Friends  as  affirmed  in  j  — '      *~*~; 

'  The  Ancient  Testimony  Revived,  1843,'  she  I  How  many  people,  patient  and  uncomplain- 
has  earnestly  contended  for  the  faith  by  the  ing  about  important  matters,  lapse  into  queru- 
issuc  of  many  thousands  of  books  on  our  dis-  lousnessanddiscontcntoversmallannoyanees, 
tinguishing  views,  and  many, many  thousands |and  especially  over  that  most  momentary  oi 
of  tracts  in  the  same  direction;  whilst  her  all  troubles,  an  unpleasant  state  of  weather 
'Appeal  for  the  Ancient  Doctrines  of  the  Re-  They  have  learned  that  clouds  of  trouble  and 
rectly  connected  with  houses  of  ill-fame,  and  ijgjous  Society  of  Friends,  1847/  is  an  evi-  affliction  sooner  or  later  lift  to  let  the  sun- 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  dealers  had  been  '  deuce  of  the  constancy  of  her  faith.  In  this  *llin0  through  ;  that  tears  of  sorrow  some- 
inmates  of  prisons  and  station  houses.  This  8ense  9ne  has  proved*  a  refuge  for  the  pure  times  nourish  the  loveliest  heart-flowers;  that 
will  be  generally  accepted  as  a  typical  fact, 'principles  of  Christianity,  as  revived  and  the  brightest  days  of  a  lifetime  may  follow 
showing  the  character  of  the  liquor  dealers  in  espoused  by  our  forefathers  of  the  seventeenth  ,  right  after  the  darkest;  but  that  in  the  pro- 
all  our  towns  and  cities,  and  a  striking  fact  century  in  a  way  which  no  other  body  ofjaaie,  material,  everyday  world,  the  ram  is 
of  moral  progress."  !  Friends  has  done,  or,  I  believe,  at  the  present  ever  necessary,  or  that  a  cloudy  day  may  be, 

— For -The  Friend"     time  could  do.     Greatly  as  I  deprecate  andiand  generally  is,  followed  by  a  pleasant  one, 

fmr   Yparlv   latino-   famromilHlff      '       deplore  the  causes  of  this  forced  isolation  in  are  fuels  they  practically  ignore.    The  storm 
Uur    Yearly   Meeting   lorresponaence.  tb0  ease  of  Philadelphia, 'as  at  present  advis-  that   prevents    a    proposed    excursion    is  ro- 

under the  above  beading,  The  British  Friend  ed  .  j  can  but  believe  it  may  be  found  'good  eeived  almost  as  if  it  were  an  unjustifiable 
for  Third  month,  contains  an  article  from  J.  for  the  present  distress;'  and  well  may  we  and  impertinent  freak  of  nature,  regardless 
A.,  of  London,  some  extracts  from  which  are  eovet  tDut  liberty  in  which,  freed  from  the  of  the  fact  that  it  fills  the  stream  that  turns 
subjoined,  as  being  likely  to  interest  the  read-  bonds  incurred  by  a  formal' correspondence,  a  hundred  mills,  and  refreshes  the  roots  of 
ers  of  "The  Friend."  Speaking  of  the  epis-  BQ0  hag  lhus  continued  to  utter  the  voice  of  [grasses  that  feed  a  thousand  cattle.  The  city 
ties  received  from  other  Yearly  Meetings,  it:warnino.  ao-ainst  prevailing  errors  and  weak-  pedestrian  who,  finding  the  sidewalks  slippery 
says:  neSS;  as  of  a   trumpet    giving  no   uncertain  and  troublesome,  exclaims  against  the  snow, 

"Watching  the  direction  of  these  letters,  as 'sound,  and  without  fear  or  favor.     The  <  Ad-  does  not  stop  to  think,  perhaps  does  not  even 

5'  issued  by  that  Yearly  Meeting  in  1883  \  know,  how  much  easier  work  is  done  m  the 


Spaniards,    . 

140 

Welsh, 

160 

Africans, 

265 

French, 

285 

Scotch, 

.        497 

English. 

568 

Germans, 

Irish, 

.     3,041 

Total  fore 

gners,    . 

.     7,155 

Unknown, 

674 

Americans, 

205 

Total, 

.     8,034 

Of  this  numbe 

-,  3,782 

were 

directly  or  indi 

many  have  been  wont  for  many  years  with  di 
much  interest,  it  i 
religious  weight  hi 
balance  of  their  in 
now  lies  in  an  oppc 


The 
accom- 


>eais      Willi      U1COO       i^uet.i     UX      HJHf      l^llj       ..-.  v.v  l...^     ...     -.wwj  , 

le  that  their  to  their  own   members,  and  Friends  every-  country  for  the  presence  of  the  snow. 
religious  weight  has  greatly  lessened,  and  the;  where,    is   a    confirmatory    evidence   0f  her  former's  teaming  is  far  more  read.ly  a 

•    •nfluenee,  ■formerly  for  good,  fidelity  to  the  cause  of  truth  ;  going  calmly,  P^hed  on  runners     ban  on  wheels,  the  1am- 
-osito  direction.    Statements  thoroughly,  and  in  a  catholic  spirit  into  what  berman  can   get  out   his  logs  with    half  the 


of  a  doctrinal  character  are  increasingly  fre-  had  become  in  other  quarters  debatable  ques 
quent  in  them,  which  have  not  the  approval  tions,  and  in  a  dignified,  unanswerable,  and 
of  the  hearers,  not  being  consistent  with  our  it  is  hoped,  in  many  cases,  convincing  manner, 
acknowledged  views  or  our  individual  ex-l  In  our  own  case,  every  year  increases  our 
perience;  whilst  from  some  knowledge  of  ex-  difficulty  ;  strengthening  the  belief  that  were 
isting  facts  obtained  from  other  sources,  their  correspondence  desirable,  we  are  conducting 
statements  are  felt  to  be  misleading  and  nn-  it  upon  very  doubtful  lines.  Where  is  now 
reliable,  whilst  leaving  us  in  ignorance  of  our  place  of  influence  with  any  one  of  the 
their  true  condition.  Now  if  such  be  the  case,  accredited  bodies  with  which  we  have  elected 
with  the  diversity  of  judgment  which  their  to  correspond — in  too  many  eases,  as  it  has 


expense;  most  important  of  all,  the  roots  of 
flowers  and  grasses  are  safe  under  the  snow 
when  they  would  freeze  without  its  protec- 
tion. And,  after  all  the  complaining,  things 
go  on  just  as  they  would  without  it;  and  all 
the  success  the  complainer  secures— if  it  can 
be  called  success — is  in  manifesting  a  spirit 
of  ingratitude  to  Him  who  makes  seed-time 
and  harvest,  day  and  night,  sunshine  and 
storm. — Selected. 


286 


THE    FRIEND. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

A  Spider  Afloat. — A  writer  in  tbo  Portland, 
(Me.,)  Press  says  that  be  took  a  spider  from 
his  web,  put  him  on  a  chip,  and  set  him  afloat 
on  the  quiet  waters  of  a  pond.  "  He  walked 
all  about  the  sides  of  the  bark,  surveying  the 
situation  very  carefulty  ;  and  when  the  fact 
that  he  was  really  afloat,  and  about  a  yard 
from  shore  seemed  to  be  fully  comprehended, 
he  prospected  for  the  nearest  point  of  land. 
This  poiut  fairly  settled  upon,  he  immediately 
began  to  cast  a  web  for  it.  It  soon  reached 
the  shore  and  made  fast  to  the  spires  of  grass. 
Then  he  turned  himself  about,  and  in  true 
sailor-fashion  bagan  to  haul  in  hand  over 
hand  on  his  cable.  Carefully  he  drew  upon 
it  until  his  bark  began  to  move  towards  the 
shore.  As  it  moved  the  faster,  the  faster  he 
drew  upon  it  to  keep  his  hawser  taut  and 
from  touching  the  water.  Very  soon  he 
reached  the  shore,  and  quickly  leaped  to  terra- 
firma." 

An  Electrical  Lounge. — In  a  furniture  estab- 
lishment in  New  York  City  there  is  a  room 
fitted  up  with  a  lounge,  &c.  If  a  person  re- 
clines on  the  lounge,  and  touches  a  certain 
twilled  binding  cord  containing  gilt  tinsel,  be 
receives  quite  a  sharp  electric  spark.  The 
room  is  located  over  a  hot-air  engine,  the  belts 
of  which  run  in  opposite  directions  with  great 
speed,  and  act  as  an  electric  machine,  charg- 
ing the  carpet  and  lounge  above  them  like  a 
Leyden  jar. — Scientific  American. 

Ensilage. — W.  M.  Williams  in  a  recent 
lecture  before  the  Society  of  Arts,  London, 
thinks  that  the  coarse  vegetable  fibre  packed 
into  the  Silo,  undergoes  a  change  similar  to 
that  which  takes  place  in  the  ripening  of  a 
pear — the  woody  fibre  or  cellulose  being  par- 
tially converted  into  sugar. 

Malaria  from  Drinking  Water. — Dr.  Harvej- 
in  the  Sanitary  News  publishes  some  observa- 
tions on  the  malarial  diseases  afl'ecting  the 
inhabitants  of  Orange,  Bloomfield,  &c,  N.  Y. 
Nearly  all  of  the  inhabitants  obtain  their 
waterfrom  shallow  wells,  and  sufferfrom  chills. 
One  family  abandoned  their  well  and  -used 
cistern  water  exclusively.  Another  drove  a 
well-pipe  60  feet,  penetrating  the  underlying 
sandstone.  Both  of  these  have  since  been 
exempt  from  the  ague. 

Men  Ignorant  of  Eire. — Titian  E.  Peale  in 
The  American  Naturalist  for  the  3d  month, 
confirms  the  statement  published  in  the  Nar- 
rative of  the  United  States  Exploring  Ex- 
pedition, that  the  inhabitants  of  Bowditch's 
Island,  discovered  in  1841,  were  then  totally 
unacquainted  with  fire.  T.  R.  Peale  was 
at  the  time  on  board  the  Peacock,  which 
visited  the  Island,  lie  says,  "  We  saw  no 
traces  of  charcoal  or  ashes  in  their  village 
or  town.  Their  food  consisted  entirely  of 
cocoa  nuts  and  other  fruits;  with  tlsh,  echini, 
and  other  products  of  the  sea.  In  many  of 
the  semi-civilized  islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean 
uncooked  fish  are.  still  eaten  as  a  delicacy  ; 
also  echini  or  sea-eggs,  as  wo  eat  oysters,  raw, 
or 'in  the  shell.'  The  terror  of  fire,  as  we 
witnessed  it  on  more  than  one  occasion  at 
Bowditch's  Island,  convinced  us  fully  that 
down  to  the  period  of  our  visit,  the  natives 
had  never  cooked  their  food.  The  thunder  of 
our  cannon,  when  measuring  the  island  by 
sound,  when  explained  to  them,  did  not  create 
half  the  alarm  created  by  a  lighted  cigar. 
which  in  their  understanding  could  not  bear 
any  explanation,  and  no  persuasion  <>n  either 
of  our  visits  could  induce  them  to  approach  it." 


Imitation  Alligator  Skin. — A  large  propor- 
tion of  the  leather  sold  as  alligator  is  really  a 
photograph  of  the  original  article.  The  real 
skin  with  its  curious  rectangular  spaces  sepa- 
rated by  grooved  markings,  is  carefully  photo- 
graphed. From  the  negative  thus  obtained 
a  copy  is  produced  in  bichromated  gelatine, 
which  has  the  property,  under  light,  of  afford- 
ing images  in  relief.  This  is  easily  repro- 
duced in  metal,  which  serves  the  purposes  of 
a  die.  Common  cheap  leather  is  now  taken 
and  placed  with  this  die  under  heavy  pres- 
sure, when  all  the  delicate  markings  of  the 
alligator  skin  are  indelibly  impressed  upon  it. 
— Chambers'  Journal. 

Roman  Antiquities. — -Some  very  interesting 
Roman  sepulchral  discoveries  have  been  made 
lately  at  Mayence,  in  the  carrying  out  of 
some  railroad  excavations  and  earth  works. 
A  large  number  of  large  and  small  stone 
coffins  were  found  at  irregular  distances  from 
each  other,  the  intervening  spaces  having 
been  occupied  by  wooden  coffins,  as  is  proved 
by  the  fragments  and  the  nails  which  were 
found.  One  stone  coffin  bore  a  plate,  which 
seems  to  have  previously  served  as  the  "  head- 
stone" of  a  former  grave  ;  and  all  the  indica- 
tions suggest  that  the  place  had  been  used  at 
successive  periods  as  a  place  of  burial.  Most 
of  the  graves  that  were  opened  contained 
skeletons  of  women  and  children,  with  which 
lay  bracelets,  rings,  needles,  censers  for  burn- 
ing incense,  &c.  There  was  one  metal  coffin,' 
in  which  lay  a  woman's  skeleton,  but  with- 
out anj-  inscription  or  ornament.  In  the 
children's  gi-aves  there  were  t03~s  and  other, 
objects,  generally  of  beautiful  workmanship, I 
such  as  little  bracelets,  glass  and  earthenware 
utensils,  &c.  There  was  one  little  polished 
goblet  of  singular  beauty.  One  stone  coffin 
(the  inscription  on  which  contained  some' 
mistakes)  held  the  body  of  a  woman,  dressed; 
with  lime  for  the  purpose  of  preservation,! 
having  the  hack  hair  arranged  in  a  long  plait 
of  eight  strands,  woven  with  great  elegance,1 
and  the  clearly  discernible  remains  of  a  cap. 
The  hair  is  now  red,  but  most  probably  was 
once  black.  There  was  in  the  coffin  a  stonej 
needle-case,  ornamented  with  gold  bands,  two' 
bone  dice,  a  wooden  casket  with  bronze  mount-  [ 
ings,  the  key  of  which  was  in  excellent  pre-j 
servation,  and  a  bronze  ring.  As  to  other 
objects  found  in  the  place,  a  small  bronze 
figure  of  a  dancing  Bacchante,  three  black 
earthenware  water  phials  beautifully  painted. 
and  bearing  the  following  inscription,  "vivas 
mi."  "  bibe,"  "  dos,"  were  especially  deservingj 
of  notice.  A  quantity  of  silver  and  bronze' 
coins  were  found,  ranging  from  the  time  of 
Hadrian  to  the  end  of  the  third  century. — 
Chr.  Adv. 

Volcanic  Bust  and  Bain. — An  important 
contribution  to  this  subject  was  read  by  Dr. 
John  Aitken  before  the  Royal  Society  of 
Edinburg  in  1880.  lie  experimented  with 
reservoirs,  some  containing  filtered  air.  and 
some  ordinary  air.  Steam  admitted  to  the 
former  continued  invisible.  In  the  latter  it  at 
once  made  a  dense  fog.  By  letting  the  fog 
settle  and  continuing  to  admit  steam  it  ceased 
to  condense  after  several  repetitious.  The 
air  was  apparently  washed  clean  of  its  in- 
visible dust. 

These  experiments  were  repeated  in  a  great 
variety  of  forms,  and  the  following  con- 
clusions reached :  First,  that  when  water 
vapor  condenses  in  the  atmosphere  it  always 
docs  so  on  somo  solid  nucleus;  second,  that 


the  dust  particles  form  the  nuclei  on  whim 
it  condenses  ;  third,  if  there  was  no  dust  ii 
the  air  there  would  be  no  fogs,  no  clouds,  n< 
mists,  and  probably  no  rain.  But  if  this  wen 
the  case  the  air  would  become  supersaturatet 
with  vapor,  which  it  would  deposit  on  everj 
solid  substance  it  came  into  contact  with 
Eveiytbing  would  be  a  condenser,  everj 
grass  blade  and  tree  branch  would  drop  with 
moisture,  our  dresses  would  become  dripping 
wet,  the  inside  of  our  houses  become  damp 
ened,  and  eveiytbing  in  our  rooms  run  with 
moisture.  From  this  unpleasant  conditior 
we  are  saved  by  the  minute  particles  of  float 
ing  matter  with  which  our  lower  air  is  filled 
He  found  that  excessively  minute  quanti 
ties  of  vapor  sufficed  to  form  fogs,  and  that 
some  substances  were  much  superior  in  th 
respect  to  others.  By  burning  common  salt 
dense  vapors  were  produced,  and  still  denser 
ones  by  the  burning  of  sulphur.  To  this 
vigorous  action  of  sulphur  he  attributes  the 
London  fogs.  All  coals  contain  sulphur,  and 
he  estimates  that  200  tons  of  this  substance 
per  day  are  burned  in  the  fires  of  London 


Items. 

— New  Buildings  at  Westtovm  Boarding  SchooL- 
At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Committee  having  charge 
of  this  school,  a  plan  for  new  buildings  was  pre- 
sented by  a  sub-committee  which  had  been  consider- 
ing the  subject  for  several  months.  It  proposes  to 
reduce  the  height  of  the  buildings  from  five  stories, 
the  present  elevation,  including  the  basement,  to 
three  stories ;  and  to  provide  in  the  principal  build- 
ing accommodations  for  the  boys'  and  girls' nurseries 
and  the  boys'  class  rooms,  which  now  are  in  separate 
structures.  These  changes,  and  the  enlarged  accom- 
modations proposed  in  nearly  all  the  departments, 
necessarily  require  much  more  room  on  the  ground 
plan.  The  general  features  of  the  plan  were  very 
satisfactory,  and  while  it  is  subject  to  modification 
in  the  details,  it  is  probable  that  it  will  be  substan- 
tially carried  out,  if  it  should  so  meet  the  approval 
of  the  friends  of  the  institution  as  to  induce  them  to 
subscribe  the  funds  that  will  be  needed  for  its  erec- 
tion. It  is  understood  that  the  general  funds  of  the 
school  are  not  to  be  drawn  on  for  this  purpose. 

fn  Wrxtttnrn  Boarding  School. — Among 
ivhieh  this  institution  received  during 
rear,  were  a  legacy  of  $1000  from  the 
pe,  of  <  rermantown  ;  the  sum  of  $3000 
payment  of  interest  thereon  during 
the  donor;  and  $1000  from  a  former 
une  was  not  given.  The  sons  of  our 
ae  Jones,  of  Camden,  N.  J.,  have  also 
school  with  a  very  valuable  collection 
Inch  it  had  been'a  labor  of  love  with 


— I), 
the  doi 


him  to  gather  togei 
— Ceremonial  Obs, 


(Reformed)  in  calling 
ritualistic  ideas  in  the  I- 
following  from  one  of  tl 
"Reverential  instinct 
that  it  is  unbecoming  I 


}"-'■ 


nany  years. 

Ii  e  Ep  ixcopal  Recorder 
in  to  the  growth  of 
il  Church,  quotes  the 

th.  ' 


ie example  teach 
from  the  shop  to 
the  Altar  or  even  the  Church  [the  meeting-house], 
articles  designed  for  holy  use,  without  first  being 
set  apart  for  such  purpose.  For  blessing  anvthing 
for  sacred  usr.  the  Priest  should  be  vested  in  sur- 
plice  and  stall  of  any  color  -violet  preferred.") 
From  the  form  of  prayer  directed  to  he  used  on  such 
occasions,  the  following  is  extracted: — "  He  pleased 
to  puriffy  and  blfesa  and  consefcrate  with  the  great- 
ness of  Thy  benediction  these  priestly  Vestments, 
by  pouring  from  above  Thy  grace  upon  them,  that 
SO  they  may  become  meet  and  hallowed  for  Divine 
worship  ami  Thy  Holy  Mysteries;  and  grant  that 
whosoever  of  Thy  Bishops,  Priestsor  Deacons  shall 
put  on  these  holy  garments,  may  be  counted  worthy 
to  be  saved  and  defended  from  all  assaults  and 
temptations  of  evil  spirits." 

It   is  a  cause  tor  mourning  to  see  people 
thus  drifting:  back  towards  those  outward  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


287 


■eremonial  observances  which  were  enjoined 
hy  the  law  of  Moses,  but  which  have  no  right 
Mace  in  the  more  spiritual  dispensation  of 
Christ.  The  more  the  minds  of  people  are 
l.bsorbed  in  such  worse  than  useless  rites,  the 
Inore  the  danger  that  their  attention  will  be 
withdrawn  from  the  leadings  of  the  Spirit 
f  Christ  within  them,  which  is  the  only  way 
o  salvation  ;  and  that  their  trust  will  be 
laced  on  man-made  priests  instead  of  on 
Christ  himself,  who  is  the  everlasting  and 
nly  priest  under  the  Gospel. 

Religion  and  Science. — In  his  Boston  Lecture  of 
rd  mo.  10th,  Joseph  Cook  referred  to  the  writings 
f  Hermann  Lotze,  recently  deceased,  who  stood 
ery  high  in  Germany  as  a  teacher  in  Philosophy 
nd  Science.  Lotze  taught  that  the  facts  and  laws 
f  the  universe,  of  which  science  takes  knowledge, 
learly  show  the  existence  of  design ;  that  design 
ecessarily  implies  the  existence  of  a  Deity;  and  he 
raws  the  conclusions,  that  in  the  creation  and 
reservation  of  the  world,  God  has  voluntarily 
hosen  certain  methods  of  action,  which  arc  indi- 
ated  by  the  facts  and  laws  which  exist ;  and  that 
re  scientific  as  well  as  the  Christian  basis  of  mor- 
lity  and  .spiritual  growth  and  bliss,  is  only  on  love 
)r  God  and  longing  to  be  approved  by  Him. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FOURTH  MOXTH  12,  1884. 


The  plaintive  language  of  the  amiable  poet 
owper — 

"  My  ear  is  pained, 
My  soul  is  sick  with  every  day's  report 
Of  wrong  and  outrage  with  which  earth  is  filled" — 
tpresses  the  feelings  of  the  wise  and  humane 
om  his  day  to  the  present;  and  it  will  pro- 
ably  never  cease  to  be  applicable,  until  the 
atural  selfishness  of  man  is  brought  into  sub- 
ction  to  the  Spirit  of  Him,  who  delivered 
le  command  :  "  Whatsoever  ye  would  that 
len  should  do  unto  you,  do  ye  even  so  to 
lem."  Yet  some  good  may  be  effected  by 
olding  up  to  public  reprobation  the  viola- 
ons  of  this  command  which  are  constantly 
ccurring  in  various  parts  of  the  earth  ;  such 
s  the  shot-gun  policy  in  some  parts  of  the 
outh,  the  encroachments  on  the  rights  and 
mds  of  our  own  Indians,  the  French  inva- 
ons  of  Madagascar  and  Tonquin,  and  the 
njustifiable  treatment  of  the  South  African 
ices. 

In  Australia  and  several  of  the  islands  of  the 
acific  Ocean,  where  European  or  American 
Monies  have  become  firmly  rooted,  a  state  of 
aings  now  exists  similar  to  that  which  led 
)  the  introduction  of  African  slaves  into  the 
Test  Indies,  when  under  Spanish  control, 
-and  is  abundant,  but  the  laborers  are  com- 
aratively  few  ;  and  an  additional  supply  of 
.bor  would  largely  increase  the  products  of 
le  soil  and  add  to  the  wealth  of  the  people, 
or  a  number  of  years  past  efforts  have  been 
iade  to  supply  this  want  by  employing  the 
atives  of  the  various  islands  of  the  East  In- 
an  Archipelago.  In  procuring  these,  the 
icruiting  vessels  have  often  resorted  to  de- 
jption  and  even  to  force;  so  that  some  of 
leir  officers  have  been  almost  as  unscrupu- 
'Us  as  the  African  slave  traders.  The  narra- 
ves  of  recent  travellers  in  those  regions  con- 
lin  many  statements  of  cruelty  and  outrage 
ractised  by  the  captains  and  crews,  who 
ere  kidnapping  or  cajoling  laborers  for  the 
andwich  Island  or  Queensland  markets. 
The  laws  of  the  English  c.olonies  provide, 
lat  after   three   years'   labor,  the   laborers 


shall  be  returned  to  their  own  countries,  with 
the  wages  they  may  have  saved.  But  in  at- 
tempting to  do  this,  a  serious  difficulty  has 
been  encountered.  In  many  of  the  South  Sea 
Islands  a  condition  of  chronic  hostility  with 
neighboring  islands  exists;  and  this  is  fre- 
quently the  case  between  adjoining  districts 
in  the  same  island.  So  that  '•unless  the  re- 
turning islander  is  not  only  landed  on  his  own 
island,  but  at  his  own  village,  he  is  sure  to  be 
consigned  to  slaver}-,  if  not  death,  as  well  as 
the  forfeiture  of  his  hard-earned  store  of 
trade.''  Some  of  those  who  were  being  re- 
turned, nominally  to  their  homes,  by  the 
Rhoderick  Dhu,  a  labor  vessel  of  Queensland, 
during  a  late  cruise,  were  put  ashore  at  Paama, 
and  were  immediately  seized,  killed  and  eaten 
hy  the  inhabitants.  A  similar  fate  befell  those 
landed  from  the  Helena. 

A  communication  in  the  British  Friend  of 
Second  month,  says  there  are  twenty  vessels 
now  engaged  in  this  trade  of  obtaining  la- 
borers. 

The  public  newspapers  have  lately  con- 
tained man}-  items  of  mournful  interest  re- 
specting the  doings  of  the  mob  at  Cincinnati, 
and  the  sad  loss  of  life  resulting  therefrom. 
Some  of  the  residents  of  that  city  were  dis- 
satisfied with  the  verdict  of  a  jury  in  a  trial 
for  murder,  which  brought  in  the  defendant 
guilty  only  of  manslaughter;  and  they  at- 
tempted to  force  open  the  jail,  with  the  inten-| action  would  not  imply  an  organic  union  with 
tion  of  at  once  putting  the  criminal  to  death,  the  Society  from  which  it  emanated,  nor  an 
This  was  resisted  by  "the  authorities;  and  in  agreement  with  all  the  doctrines  held  by  them, 
the  contests  which  ensued  between  the  mob  Whether  such  a  document  should  be  read  or 
on  one  side,  and  the  police  and  military  on  not,  would  be  decided  on  other  grounds — such 
the  other,  more  than  one  hundred  persons  as  the  demands  of  Christian  courtesy,  the 
were  wounded,  and  fifty  were  killed  or  have  probable  influence  it  might  exert  on  the  meet- 
since  died  of  their  wounds.  In  addition  to  ing  or  on  others,  the  feeling  which  accom- 
this,  the  court-house,  with  many  valuable  panied  its  examination  by  the  committee  to 
records,  was  destroyed.  whom   it  was   referred,  and,  above  all,  that 

Complaints  have  been  made  of  great  ob-  senseof  Divine  direction  which  is  often  vouch- 
struetions  to  the  course  of  justice  in  Cinein-  sated  by  the  Head  of  the  Church  to  those  liv- 
nati,  as  well  as  in  other  places,  by  legal  refine-  ing  members  who  look  to  Him  for  wisdom 
ments  and  technical  obstructions,  and  some-  and  guidance, 
times  corrupt  practices.     It  is  probable  there) 

has  been  some  ground  for  this  ;  and  it  would  I  The  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
be  very  desirable  if  a  substantial  reform  could  of  Pennsylvania  are  circulating  a  petition  to 
be  made  in  the  course  of  legal  practice,  and 'the  State  Legislature,  asking  for  the  enact- 
in  the  administration  of  the  laws,  that  would  raent  of  a  law  "requiring  in"  all  schools  sup- 
remove  tbis  complaint;  and  not  at  the  same  ported  by  public  money,  or  under  State  con- 
time  introduce  other  evils.  But  to  substitute  trol,  instruction  in  Physiology  and  Hygiene, 
lynch  law  (which  is  mob  violence)  with  its  which  shall  give  special  prominence  to  the 
rash  and  hasty  proceedings,  and  its  violation  effects  of  alcoholic  drinks,  stimulants  and  nar- 
of  the  foundation  of  all  civil  society — the  sub- jcotics  upon  the  human  system." 
mission  of  each  individual  to  the  government  j  One  column  is  appropriated  for  the  signa- 
of  the  laws — is  to  incur  greater  evils  than  tures  of  voters,  and  the  other  for  those  of 
those  which  are  sought  to  be  redressed.    Such  [women.    We  understand  copies  of  the  petition 


scarcely  thought  of  when  the  practice  of  in- 
terchanging epistles  was  first  introduced. 
Those  members  who  took  an  intelligent  inter- 
est in  the  proceedings  of  our  Yearly  Meeting 
forty  years,  or  longer,  ago,  well  remember 
that  when  an  epistle  had  been  received  from 
a  meeting  where  a  separation  had  occurred, 
as  in  New  England  and  Ohio,  the  reading  and 
replying  to  such  an  epistle  was  regarded  as  an 
official  recognition  of  unity  with  the  body 
from  which  it  emanated.  In  the  deliberations 
connected  therewith,  the  primary  object  of 
such  interchange  of  epistles  was  largely  over- 
shadowed and  obscured  by  the  pressure  of 
vital  questions  connected  with  the  organiza- 
tion of  Society.  Hence,  we  believe  there  has 
grown  up  among  us  a  sensitiveness  of  feeling 
on  the  subject  of  correspondence,  and  a  corre- 
sponding timidity,  which  would  not  have  ex- 
isted, if  epistles  had  been  sent  and  received  on 
the  simple  ground  of  religious  concern. 

The  reading  of  a  communication  from 
another  religious  body  does  not  imply  unity 
with  the  body  from  which  it  came,  unless  it 
was  so  understood  by  the  Meeting  at  the  time. 
Such  a  communication  might  come  from  a 
body  altogether  outside  of  the  organization  of 
Friends,  and,  after  the  examination  provided 
for  by  the  discipline,  might  be  deemed  suita- 
ble to  be  read  in  a  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  ; 
and  might  bo  so  read,  to  the  satisfaction  or 

formation    of  those   assembled.     But   this 


cases  of  reckless  violence  were  formerly  con 
fined  to  frontier  settlements  where  society 
was  in  an  unsettled  state.  But  of  latter  time 
the  same  lawless  spirit  seems  to  have  spread 
into  some  of  the  older  settled  sections  of  our 
country.  It  is  one  of  the  signs  of  approach- 
'ng  anarchy;  and  all  lovers  of  their  country 
ought  to  unite  in  condemning  and  discourag- 
ing all  its  manifestations. 

In  another  part  of  our  columns  will  be 
found  an  article  from  the  British  Friend, 
touching  on  the  general  question  of  corres- 
pondence between  the  Yearly  Meetings  of 
Friends.  We  have  long  believed,  that  the 
circumstances  in  which  our  Society  has  been 
placed  of  latter  times,  have  led  the  members 
of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  to  look  upon 
this  subject  from  a  point  of  view  which  was 


to  be  left  at  the  Book  Store,  No.  304  Ar 
street,  for  signing. 

In  the  3rd  line  of  the  foot  note  on  page  267 
of  "  The  Friend,"  for  Reformation  read  Resto- 
ration. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States. — The  bill  of  Senator  Blair  for  ap- 
propriating money  from  the  national  revenues  among 
the  States  for  educational  purposes,  was  passed  by  the 
Senate  on  the  7th  instant,  with  the  following  amend- 
ments: 1.  That  the  amount  to  be  distributed  for  the 
first  year  be  $7,000,000  ;  the  second  year  $10,000,000  ; 
the  third  year  $15,000,000,  and  shall'  then  diminish  at 
the  rate  of  $2,000,000  yearly,  until  the  expiration  of 
the  eighth  year,  when"  the  appropriation  shall  cease. 
2.  That  equal  opportunity  of  education  shall  be  given 
to  all  children  of  the  States.  3.  The  money  shall  be 
used  only  for  common  schools  not  sectarian  in  charac- 
ter.    4.  That  no  State  shall  receive  any  of  the  benefits 


288 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  the  act  until  the  Governor  of  the  State  shall  rile  with 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  an  annual  statement, 
showing  the  attendance  at  the  schools  and  the  expendi- 
tures of  them. 

On  the  1st  inst.  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  the 
Trade  Dollar  bill  was  taken  up.  After  discussion  — 
Bland  moved  to  strike  out  the  fourth  section,  which 
provides  that  the  trade  dollars  re-coined  into  standard 
dollars  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  bullion 
required  to  he  coined  by  the  remonetization  act.  Agreed 
to — yeas  131,  nays  118.  The  hill  was  then  passed — 
yeas  19S,  nays  46.  On  the  7th  inst.,  Representative 
Thompson,  of  Kentucky,  moved  to  suspend  the  rules 
and  adopt  a  resolution  declaring  it  unwise  and  inex- 
pedient for  the  present  Congress  to  abolish  or  reduce 
the  tax  on  spirits  distilled  from  grain.  Agreed  to — 
yeas  179,  nays  33. 

The  public  debt  statement  for  3d  month  shows  a  de- 
crease of  $14,238,324.  The  total  coinage  of  the  United 
States  Mints  during  last  month  amounted  in  value  to 
$3,833,099.     It  included  2,300,510  standard  dollars. 

Postmaster  Pearson,  of  New  York,  states  that  the 
largest  transatlantic  mail  either  received  at  or  de- 
spatched from  that  port,  was  sent  off  to  Europe  on  the 
2d  inst.,  in  the  new  steamship  Eider,  of  the  North 
German  Lloyds,  bound  for  Southampton.  It  was  made 
up  of  625  bags  of  matter,  of  which  399  contained  letters 
and  the  remainder  newspapers. 

The  usual  spring  exodus  of  French-Canadian  work- 
ingmen  and  their  families  from  the  Province  of  Quebec 
to  the  New  England  States  has  begun.  The  migration 
this  season  is  larger  than  ever  before,  the  departures 
from  Montreal  alone  averaging  about  100  per  day. 

The  steamer  Daniel  Sleinmann,  from  Antwerp  for 
Halifax  and  New  York,  was  wrecked  off  Sambro,  20 
miles  from  Halifax,  on  Fifth-day  night  the  3d  instant. 
She  had  on  board  90  passengers  and  a  crew  of  34,  mak- 
ing in  all  124  souls.  Only  the  captain,  five  of  the  crew 
and  three  passengers  were  saved  and  landed  on  Sambro 
island. 

The  Monongahela  Valley,  in  this  State,  was  swept 
on  the  morning  of  the  2d  inst.  by  a  tornado,  which  de- 
stroyed thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  property,  and 
injured  21  persons,  four,  it  is  believed,  mortally.  In 
Pittsburg,  Oliver  &  Roberts'  wire  mill  was  demolished, 
six  men  being  injured,  one  of  whom  is  not  expected  to 
recover.  A  dwelling  on  VVylie  avenue  was  wrecked, 
and  two  women  and  an  infant  were  dangerously  if  not 
fatally  injured. 

One  of  the  most  destructive  forest  fires  ever  known 
in  North  Carolina,  has  for  days  been  devastating  the 
pine  woods  along  the  southern  border  of  that  State. 
The  fire  extends  through  six  or  seven  counties,  and  has 
destroyed  a  number  of  dwellings,  including  several  in 
the  town  of  Manley.  The  district  is  one  that  furnished 
a  large  part  of  the  world's  supply  of  rosin  and  turpen- 
tine. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  402, 
which  was  10  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
60  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  71  died  of  consumption  ;  28  of  pneu- 
monia;  20  of  convulsions;  23  of  marasmus;  14  of  old 
age;  14  of  meningitis  ;  14  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels;  Hoftvpboid  fever  and  11  of  bronchitis. 

Markets,  &c—  U.  S.  4}'s,  114;  4's,  124;  3's,  101; 
currency  6's,  129  a  139. 

Cotton. — There  no  essential  change  to  notice  in  price 
or  demand.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  11|  a 
12  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  7J  a  8  cts.  for  export, 
and  8;  a  9  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour.— The  demand  for  flour  continues  limited,  both 
for  export  and  home  use,  and  prices  favor  buyers.  Sales 
of  350  barrels  including  Pennsylvania  family  at  44.50 
a  $4.75;  150  barrels  Delaware  family,  at  »5.25  ;  250 
barrels  Ohio  clear  at  $5.65;  200  barrels  do.  straight  at 
$5.75  a  $0  ;  200  barrels  winter  patent  at  $6.25  ;  200 
barrels  do.  do.  at  $6.50 ;  200  barrels  do.  do.  at  $6.75  ; 
Minnesota  clear  at  J64.75  a  $5.25;300  barrels  do.  straight 
at  $$5.75  ;  250  barrels  do.  do.  patent  at  $6.75,  and  200 
barrels  do.  at  $7.  Quotations  are  as  follows  :  Western 
and  Pennsylvania  super  at  $2.50  a  $3;  do.  do.  extras, 
$3  a  $350;  Penna.  extra  family,  $4.50  a  $4.75;  Dela- 
ware do  do.  at  $5.25  a  $5.75;  Ohio  do.  do.  at  $5.10  a 
$6;  Indiana  do.  do.  at  $5.10  a  $0;  St.  Louis  and  South 
em  Illinois  do.  dd.  at  $5.25  a  $6;  Minnesota  bakers' 
clear  at  $4-75  a  $5.50  j  do.  do.  straight  al  $5.65  a  po.75  ; 
patents,  winter  wheat,  it  $6  a  $6.75  ;  do,  spi  ing  .it  $6.37  | 
a  $6.75,  and  650  barrels  city  mills  family  on  private 
terms.  Feed.  — Bran  sells  at  $17  a  $17.25  per  ton 
Rye  flour  was  dull.     Sales  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  weak  and  unsettled.  About  7000 
bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.12  a 
$1.13;  a  choice  Iotat$1.13J:   No.  2  at  97  cts.  a  $1.12 


per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3 
red  at  S3  cts.  per  bushel,  and  10,000  bushels,  No.  2  red 

[at  96  a  97.}  cts.  4th  mo.,  98J  a  9SJ  5th  mo.,  $1  a  $1,001 
6th  mo  ,  and  $1  a  $1.00}  7th  mo.    Corn. — Car  lots  were 

I  unsettled  :  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  56  a  57  cts.  per 

j  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  52  a  54  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  60,000  bushels  sail  mixed 
at  54  a  55  cts.  4th  mo.,  54|  a  55  cts.  5th  mo.,  56}  a  56} 

j  cts.  6th  mo.,  and  57  J  a  57  J  cts.  7th  mo.     Oats. — Car  lots 

jwere  lower.  About  11,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  38  a 
40  cts.  per   bushel,  according  to    quality,   and    No.   2 

j  white  at  38}  a  39  cts.  4th  mo.,  3S£  a  39  cts.  5th  mo., 
ZSl  a  39  cts.  6th  mo.,  and  38  a  39}  cts.  7th  mo. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  and  prices  were 
firmer:  2400  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  5  a 7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  a  fraction  higher  :  7000  head  arrived  and 

[sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4}  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at 

,5  a  8  cts.  per  pound  as  to  quality. 

Hogs  were  lower  :  3000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  8  a  10  cts.  per  pound  as  to  condition. 

I     Foreign.— On  the  7th  instant  in  Parliament,  W.  E. 

|  Gladstone  made  a  powerful  speech  in  favor  of  the  Fran- 
chise bill.  He  said  it  was  a  good  thing  for  the  State 
that  the  largest  number  of  capable  citizens  should  pos- 
sess the  franchise.  He  defended  the  extension  of  the 
franchise  in  Ireland  as  an  act  of  right  and  justice.  The 
Franchise  bill  passed  its  second  reading  by  a  vote  of 
390  to  210. 

On  the  4th  inst.  the  British  Cabinet,  after  a  thorough 
discussion,  decided  against  formally  establishing  a  pro- 
tectorate over  Egypt.  The  Pall  Mall  Gazettee  on  the 
same  day  says:  "  Egyptian  affairs  are  fast  drifting  into 
anarchy,  and,  through  anarchy,  to  annexation  or  war 
— possibly  both.  England  must  undertake  the  admin- 
istration of  Egypt.  This  will  be  a  terrific  burden,  but 
the  country  must  shoulder  it  manfully.  Ministers  may 
try  to  ignore  the  existence  of  the  burden,  but  the  comedy 
of  such  a  course  is  being  rapidly  played  out."  The 
Gazette  then  urges  the  Government  to  assist  General 
Gordon  to  establish  at  Khartoum  an  independent  State 
under  his  sovereignty.  "  Tell  him,"  it  says,  "  that  Eng- 
land no  longer  considers  the  Soudan  a  part  of  the  Otto- 
man Empire." 

Nub.ir  Pasha  resigned  the  Presidency  of  the  Council 
of  Ministers  and  the  other  offices  which  he  held,  but 
consented  to  suspend  his  resignation  until  the  English 
Government  gives  its  decision  in  regard  to  the  relative 
powers  of  the  Egyptian  Ministers  and  the  English  offi- 
cials. His  resignation  is  due  to  discord  with  the  Eng- 
lish officials,  and  also  to  the  absence  of  a  distinct  dec- 
laration on  the  part  of  the  English  Government  of  its 
future  policy  in  regard  to  Egypt.  The  officials  and 
heads  of  every  department  in  Egypt  threaten  to  resign. 
The  discontent  with  European  residents  in  Cairo  and 
Alexandria  is  intense.  The  uncertainty  of  the  English 
policy  in  regard  to  both  Egyptian  financial  affairs  and 
the  Soudan  question,  is  paralyzing  commerce.  The 
official  bureaus  are  in  a  state  of  anarchy.  English  and 
Egyptian  officers  are  quarreling,  and  the  English  are 
referring  every  dispute  to  London  for  settlement.  It  is 
doubtful  whether  a  successor  to  Nubar  Pasha  can  be 
found. 

Admiral  Hewett's  mission  to  King  John  of  Abyssinia 
has  been  hastened  in  order  that  arrangements  may  be 
made  for  the  co-operation  of  Abyssinian  troops  in  the 
Southern  Soudan.  Admiral  Hewett  expected  to  reach 
Massowah  on  Fifth-day  last  week,  and  to  meet  King 
John  at  Adowa  on  Second-day  last.  King  John  oilers 
the  service  of  from  S000  to  10,000  Abyssiniaus  on  con- 
dition that  the  English  guarantee  an  allowance  of  two 
shillings  daily  to  each  man,  and  thecesssonof  two  parts 
to  Abyssinia.  If  England  agrees  to  these  terms  the 
Abyssinians  will  attack  El  Mabdi  and  relieve  Kissala. 
Henry  M.Stanley  will  leave  the  Congo  on  a  pro- 
longed furlough  in  7th  month.  He  will  come  to  Eng- 
land in  8th  month. 

A  private  company  has  been  formed  in  Berlin  whose 
object  is  to  promote  the  development  of  German  col- 
onies, both  agricultural  and  commercial.  The  German 
Bundesrath  lias  unanimously  rejected  the  proposal 
that  a  responsible  Ministry  be  instituted  lor  the  empire. 
The  Bavarian  Delegate  stated  during  the  discussion 
that,  while  Bavaria  would  always  be  ready  to  co- 
operate actively  to  promote  National  development  on 
a  federative  basis,  she  would  firmly  oppose  a  further 
advance  in  the  direction  of  centralization. 

The   Journal   of  the  Caucasus,  published  at  Tillis,  in 


ml 


A  despatch  from  Rio  Janeiro  says  the  merchants  o 
Rio  Janeiro  and  Santos  intend  to  maintain  the  price  o 
coffee.  They  attribute  the  recent  heavy  decline  in  Eu 
rope  and  the  LTnited  States  to  the  manoeuvres  of  specu 
lators.     The  next  crop  will  amount  to  5,000,000  bags. 

General  Aguero  and  his  followers,  who  left  Kej 
West,  landed  on  the  1st  instant  at  Hicacos,  near  th< 
jurisdiction  of  Cardenas,  Cuba.  The  instant  the  au- 
thorities  heard  of  the  landing  of  the  filibusters,  troopi 

i  were  sent  in  their  pursuit.  Reports  from  all  parts  o 
the  island  describe  the  situation  as  daily  growing  worse 
New  bands  are  reported  to  have  risen.     The  Govern- 

I  ment  will  soon  be  obliged  to  fight  such  a  number  o 
scattered  parties  of  bandits  that  the  troops  availabh 
will  be  insufficient.     A  feeling  of  distrust  and  alarm  it 

!  spreading. 

j  The  revenue  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  exceedec 
the  expenditures  $2,763,148  during  the  nine  monthl 
which  ended  on  the  31st  of  3rd  month. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

A  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Committee  having  chargi 
of  the  Boarding  School  at  Westtown,  will  be  held  ir 
Philadelphia  on  Seventh-day,  the  19th  instant,  at  2.3( 
p.  M.  Wji.  Evans,  Clerk. 

4th  mo.  1884. 

Arrangement  have  been  made  by  which  Friendi 
attending  the  Yearly  Meeting  can  be  furnished  will 
simple  meals,  both  before  and  after  the  sittings  of  th< 
meeting,  at  moderate  charge  (15  cents),  in  the  second 
story  of  the  central  part  of  the  Arch  St.  Meeting-house 
Meals  will  also  be  furnished  for  those  attending  th< 
Meeting  for  Sufferings  and  Select  Meeting,  the-  pre.1 
ceding  week. 

NOTICE 

TO   FRIENDS   DESIRING  TO  ATTEND   THE   APPROACHINC 
YEARLY   MEETING. 

I  have  made  arrangements  with  the  Pennsylvanh 
Railroad  Company,  so  that  Friends  living  near  the  fol- 
lowing railroads  can  come  to  Philadelphia  and  retort 
at  the  rate  of  2  cents  a  mile,  each  way.  By  applying 
to  Jacob  Smedley,  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia,  order 
on  the  Ticket  Agents  will  be  furnished,  so  that  Friend: 
can  come  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Division 
United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey  Division,  West  Jersej 
Railroad,  Philadelphia  Wilmington  and  Baltimon 
Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Railroad. 

These  orders  are  free  of  cost.  They  simply  in  fori 
the  Ticket  Agent,  at  whatever  station  they  are  presentee 
on  the  above  roads,  that  the  bearer  is  entitled  to  a  ticke 
to  Philadelphia  and  return  at  the  rate  of  2  cents  pe 
mile.  These  tickets  will  be  good  from  4th  mo.  18th  U 
4th  mo.  28th,  inclusive.  Friends  will  require  an  orde: 
each  time  they  purchase  a  ticket. 

Thomas  C.  Hogue,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Change  of  Treasurer. 

teg™  Charles  J.  Allen,  having  resigned  the  Trea 
surership,  the  Committee  who  have  charge  of  th< 
Boarding  School  have  appointed  John  W.  Biddle  ti 
succeed  him,  to  enter  on  his  duties  on  tbe7lh  of  Fourtl 
month.  On  and  after  that  date,  therefore,  the  busin 
connected  with  the  Treasurership  of  the  Institution  wil 
be  attended  to  by  him  at  his  office,  No.  220  S.  Fourtl 
St..  second  story,  back  room,  and  not  at  304  Arch  St. 

The  forwarding  of  packages  for  the  pupils  from  Nc 
304  Arch  St.,  has  been  discontinued.  Parents  and  other 
who  may  have  occasion  to  send  packages  to  the  School 
will  in  future  please  send  them  asfreiyht  or  by  Express 
direct  to  Westtown  Station,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

Philada.,  3rd  mo.  29th,  1884. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Third-d-iy,  the  6th  c 
Fifth  month.  Parents  and  others  intending  to  seni 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  applicatioi 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Superintendent,  add 
Westtown  P.  <).,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  ;  or  to  John  W.  Biddli 
Treasurer,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philada. 

Died,  in  Norwich,  Ontario,  Canada,  2nd  mo.  2Stl 
1884,  PflEBE,  wife  of  Henry  Sutton,  a  member  of  Noi 
wicll  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  in  the  85th  yea 
her  age.  This  dear  Friend  was  of  a  humble  retirin, 
disposition,  exemplary  in  her  family  relations,  an 
kind  to  all.     Her  close  was  peaceful. 

,3rd  month  23rd,  1884,  Sarah  H.  Thompson 

daughter  of  Daniel   B.  Thompson,  in  the  46th  ye 
her  age,   a  member* of  Bradford  Monthly   Meeting  c 
Friends. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FOURTH  MONTH 


NO.    37. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  282.) 

"  1804,  5th  month  20th.  A  season  of  con- 
siderable exercise  in  their  First-day  meeting. 
The  languageoi'supplication  flowed  copiously. 

"21st.  Accompanied  by  divers  friends  wo 
rode  to  Brunswick,  where,  on  the  22nd,  was 
one  to  be  reckoned  among  the  laborious  days 
of  my  pilgrimage.  But  dear  Ann  Alexander 
wielded  the  spiritual  weapon  with  the  strength 
and  energy  of  a  faithful  soldier,  in  the  heav- 
enly cause.  Bode  this  afternoon  to  North 
Yarmouth. 

"  23rd.  Bode  to  Falmouth,  and  had  a 
deeply  Buffering  time  in  the  meeting  for  Min- 
isters and  Elders.  The  strong  will  of  man  is 
often  a  great  cause  of  suffering  to  ourselves 
and  others. 

"  24th.  Sat  in  their  Monthly  Meeting,  with 
the  seed  which  is  under  oppression.  O,  for 
the  death  of  that  strong  will  b_y  which  the 
spark  of  Divine  life  is  almost  quenched. 

"25th.  Wo  rode  to  Windham  and  attended 
the  select  meeting — dull  and  heavy. 

"26th.  At  Windham  Monthly  Meeting, 
which  moved  heavily.  After  meeting,  on  our 
way  to  Gorham,  in  passing  Gam  bo  Bridge 
the  horses  were  frightened  and  came  within 
a  few  inches  of  carrying  us  into  the  river, 
where  the  current  was  very  rapid  ;  butthrough 
the  merciful  hand  of  Providence,  ever  near, 
we  escaped. 

"  27th.  Bode  to  Scarborough,  and  attended 
their  meeting;  not  so  much  in  the  life  as  at 
sometimes.  After  meeting  rode  to  Kenne- 
bunck. 

"  28th.  A  concern  was  felt  to  have  a  meet- 
ing with  the  inhabitants  of  this  village;  but 
they,  being  attached  to  their  own  ways,  and 
ignorant  of  ours,  and  of  what  we  mean  by 
such  appointments,  way  did  not  open,  and  we 
proceeded  to  Dover.  But  we  were  afterwards 
informed  those  people  regretted  they  did  not 
comply  with  the  proposal  for  a  meeting  among 
them. 

"  29th.  At  a  meeting  at  Bochester;  then, 
30th,  went  to  Bpping  and  attended  meeting, 
and  31st  continued  our  journey  to  Salem, 
where,  to  our  satisfaction,  we  found  our 
friends  well. 

"  6th  month  1st  and  2nd.  Mado  several 
family  visits  among  Friends  in  Salem  Meet- 
ing. 


"3rd.  At  the  morning  meeting  in  Salem, 
and  afternoon  rode  to  Boston  and  attended 
an  appointed  meeting.  It  was  attended  by  a 
large  number  of  persons  of  the  first  respecta- 
bility; and  a  season  of  favor  wherein  many 
minds  were  edified  and  much  instructed  in 
those  things  which  make  for  peace  ;  things 
that  accompany  salvation. 

"4th.     Beturned  again  to  Salem. 

"5th.  Laborious  exercise  in  our  Quarterly 
Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders. 

"  6th.  Another  season  of  deep  and  painful 
exercise  in  our  Quarterly  Meeting.  At  night 
we  rode  to  our  own  habitation  to  lodge. 

"  7th.  Accompanied  by  John  Taber,  we 
set  off  again  and  rode  to  Providence,  and  put 
up  at  Moses  Brown's. 

"  Sth.  Continued  our  journey  to  Bhode 
Island,  and  put  up  at  Buth  Sherman's,  in 
Portsmouth. 

"9th.  At  the  first  sitting  of  our  Yearly 
Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders.  Many 
straugers  were  present  from  other  Yearly 
Meetings.  A  cloudy  day  with  now  and  then 
a  small  gleam  of  light. 

"  10th.  First-day  morning  meetingat  Ports- 
mouth. Thence  to  Newport  meeting  in  the 
afternoon  ;  to  good  satisfaction. 

"11th  to  13th.  Attended  the  several  sit- 
tings of  the  Yearly  Meeting  for  discipline. 
Much  exercise  was  felt  for  the  restoration  of 
that  ancient  order  and  harmony  which  shone 
conspicuously  among  our  predecessors;  and 
for  the  establishment  of  that  principle  of 
government  among  us  which  hitherto  has 
been  and  which  alone  can  be  our  preservation 
both  in  our  individual  and  collective  capacities. 

"  14th.  This  morning  parted  with  my  en- 
deared friend  Ann  Alexander,  with  whom  I 
travelled  in  the  union  and  fellowship  of  the 
Gospel,  and  on  the  15th  rode  home. 

"  1805,  4th  month.  A  committee  being  ap- 
pointed by  our  Quarterly  Meeting  on  account 
of  some  existing  difficulties  among  us,  the 
committee  had  several  opportunities  with  the 
different  parties  by  themselves,  and  together; 
and  having  spent  several  days  in  united  labor 
for  a  reconciliation  among  them  without  much 
hope  of  success,  we  left  them  under  a  sorrow- 
ful sense  of  the  inflexibility  of  the  few  indi- 
viduals, in  whom  is  the  ostensible  cause,  and 
returned  home  feeling  satisfaction  in  having 
done  what  we  could. 

"6th  month.  At  our  Yearly  Meeting;  the 
above-mentioned  difficulties  being  introduced 
into  the  concerns  of  the  meeting,  they  became 
matter  of  exercise,  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  examine  into  the  cause,  and  use 
their  efforts  for  a  reconciliation. 

"  9th  month.  At  the  request  of  the  Yearly 
Meeting's  committee,  went  again  to  the  Month  • 
ly  Meeting  where  the  division  existed,  and 
had  divers  interviews  with  them.  But  little 
could  be  done,  for  waut  of  those  under  ap- 
pointment being  there;  wc,  however,  did 
what  we  could  in  the  ability  received.  But 
O,  the  devastation  made  in  our  Society  by  the 


strong  will  and  the  wisdom  of  man  ;  neither 
of  which  work  the  righteousness  of  God. 

"  We  went  to  Concord  and  attended  their 
First-day  meeting.  Thence  to  Berwick  to  be 
at  our  Quarterly  Meeting.  Here  we  met  the 
rest  of  the  committee;  and  having  many  of 
the  parties  present,  we  labored  for  a  recon- 
ciliation. And  although  the  committee  were 
decided  in  their  judgment  respecting  some 
circumstances,  and  gave  much  salutary  advice, 
it  did  but  little  toward  removing  the  primary 
cause.  There  was  an  expectation  alive  in  the 
will  and  disposition  of  individuals  which  the 
Truth  could  not  satisfy." 

"  180G,  6th  month.  At  our  Yearly  Meeting 
a<;ain.  The  committee  on  the  affair  in  our 
Quarter,  made  a  pertinent  and  well  adapted 
report.  It  was  lengthy,  embracing  all  the 
circumstances  that  could  be  brought  in  to  ad- 
vantage, ami  was  accepted  by  the  Yearly 
Meeting,  and  transmitted  to  the  Quarterly 
and  Monthly  Meetings,  with  design  to  con- 
tribute to  a  reconciliation,  but  nothing  availed 
with  a  few,  in  whom  lay  the  chief  cause  of  tho 
difficulty. 

"8th  month.  Several  months  pasta  con- 
cern having  been  revolving  in  my  mind  to 
perform  a  visit  to  the  meetings  of  Friends  in 
Bbode  Island  and  Smithfield  Quarterly  Meet- 
ings, and  now  being  sufficiently  matured,  I 
mentioned  it  in  our  meeting  for  Ministers  and 
Elders,  according  to  our  good  and  wholesome 
order,  and  with  their  approbation  spread  it 
before  the  Monthly  Meeting  this  month,  as  it 
was  felt  to  rest  on  my  mind.  It  obtained  the 
unity  and  sympathy  of  the  meeting  and  they 
gave  me  a  minute  for  that  purpose. 

"  9th  month.  After  attending  our  Quarterly 
meeting  held  at  Berwick,  accompanied  by 
James  Breed,  Jr.,  set  off  and  went  to  Hanover. 

"  3rd.  A  low  time  in  their  Monthly  Meet- 
ing. John  Bailey  having  a  prospect  similar 
with  my  own,  he  was  set  at  liberty  to  perform 
the  same,  and  we  having  previous  knowledge 
of  each  other's  prospects,  had  concluded  to 
proceed  together.  Went  to  New  Bedford,  and 
on  the  7th  we  attended  their  meeting.  Here 
I  had  to  express  some  of  my  feelings  in  their 
meeting  ;  but  it  brought  very  little  relief.  O 
the  foolishness  of  man's  wisdom  in  its  re- 
searches into  spiritual  and  divine  things.  '  The 
world  by  wisdom  knows  not  God.'  'But  the 
Spirit  searcheth  all  things;  yea,  the  deep 
things  of  God.' 

"  9th.  Had  some  open  service  in  an  ap- 
pointed meeting  at  Tiverton  ;  the  first  ap- 
pointment of  this  kind  made  on  my  account. 
I  had  conversation  with  John  Cook,  whom 
they  called  Colonel,  on  masters  of  faith  and 
practice  ;  he  seemed  tender,  but  the  love  of 
the  honor  and  friendship  of  the  world  have 
too  much  place  in  him,  at  present,  for  religion 
to  have  free  course.     Bode  to  Portsmouth. 

"  10th.  Was  at  their  mid-week  meeting, 
where  some  engagement  was  felt  for  tried  ex- 
ercised travellers,  to  the  relief  and  comfort  of 
my   own    mind ;    and    some,    I   trust,    were 


290 


THE    FRIEND. 


strengthened  in  their  faith.  Afternoon  had  a 
precious  opportunity,  in  the  family  where 
we  lodged,  with  some  young  people;  among 
whom  was  a  young  woman  then  lately  ap- 
peared in  the  ministry.     Rode  to  Newport. 

"  11th.  Attended  their  mid-week  meeting. 
After  drawing  a  comparative  view  between 
the  standing  of  some  in  the  present  time,  and 
some  of  those  worthies  in  that  vicinity  who 
are  now  gone  from  works  to  a  happy  reward, 
the  language  of  encouragement  flowed  freely 
toward  the  rising  generation,  to  come  up  in 
the  steps  of  Christ's  companions,  and  to  follow 
them  as  they  followed  Christ.  Dined,  and 
rode  that  night  to  Tiverton,  and  on  the  12th 
to  Little  Compton,  and  put  up  at  Jeremiah 
Austin's. 

"  13th.  Being  a  rainy  day,  we  kept  house 
pretty  much,  where  we  were  instructed  in  the 
way  and  work  of  truth  by  that  dear  old  man  ; 
who,  though  very  illiterate  as  respects  school 
learning,  was  deeply  taught  in  the  school  of 
his  divine  Master." 

(To  be   continued.) 


The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  JSFon-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  (rum  page  283.) 

A  writer  upon  the  theatre  has  tersely  said, 
"  The  good  self  of  the  actor's  personality  must 
for  the  time  being  be  lost  in  the  evil  self  of 
the  character  acted.  And  what  an  effect  is 
this !  The  greater  the  actor,  the  completer 
the  transference  of  self,  and  the  profoundcr 
the  evil !"  To  illustrate  this,  he  cites  the  fol- 
lowing description  by  a  noted  authoress,  a 
novelist,  of  the  manner  in  which  the  "hellish 
transformation"  appeared  to  possess  an  equal- 
ly celebrated  actress,  when  performing  her 
part  in  a  certain  tragedy. 

"For  a  while — a  long  while — I  thought  it 
was  only  a  woman,  though  a  unique  woman, 
who  moved  in  might  and  grace  before  this 
multitude.  By  and  by  I  recognized  my  mis- 
take. Behold!  I  found  upon  her  something 
neither  of  woman  nor  of  man  ;  in  each  of  her 
eyes  sat  a  devil.  These  evil  forces  bore  her 
through  the  traged}-,  kept  up  her  feeble 
strength — for  she  was  but  a  frail  creature ;  and 
as  the  action  rose  and  the  story  deepened, 
how  wildly  they  shook  her  with  the  passions 
of  the  pit!  They  wrote  Hell  on  her  straight, 
haughty  brow.  The}'  turned  her  voice  to  the 
note  of  torment.  They  writhed  her  regal 
face  to  a  demoniac  mask.  Hate  and  murder 
and  madness  incarnate  she  stood."  I  think 
it  will  be  admitted  that  such  power  or  genius 
for  Satanic  transformation  is  all  too  dearly 
acquired. 

A  recent  English  writer  computes  that  one 
of  the  most  widely-known  of  English  actors 
— one  who  is  a  champion  for  the  reformation 
of  the  stage — lias  committed  at  least  fifteen 
thousand  murders  upon  the  theatre's  boards; 
that  another  has  been  divorced  nearly  three 
thousand  times,  on  the  stage;  and  others 
(named)  in  the  personation  of  sundry  stage 
characters  have  been  some  thousands  of  times 
"foully  betrayed,  deserted,  or  abducted. 
Hence,  we  may  with  pertinency  ask,  whethe 
it  can  be  possible  for  the  moral  nature  of  the 
portrayers  of  theso  terrible  offences  to  pass, 
even  measurably,  uncontaminated  through  all 
this  evil  simulation. 

A  London  serial  ("  Echoes  from  Paris") 
published  in  the  interest  of  Christian  work  in 


the  French  capital,  refers  to  the  opening  of  a 
Homo  for  "  respectable  English  ballet-girls  in 
Paris,"  and  prints  from  the  well-known  jour- 
nal Figaro,  some  remarks  by  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  latter  upon  the  actresses'  calling.  This 
writer  shows  that  the  public  concerns  itself 
not  at  all  as  to  the  effect  of  stage  acting  upon 
those  whoso  paid  occupation  it  is  to  please,— 
"it  wants  to  laugh,  or  to  cry,  often  both  at 
once  ;  and  it  does  not  trouble  itself  about  the 
consequences.  *  *  To  be  a  reall}7  clever  per- 
former, and  very  few  are  such,  the  various 
passions  of  a  woman's  nature  cannot  be  re- 
presented by  one  who  has  not  felt  them.  If 
I  do  not  express  an  absolute  fact,  it  is  at  least 
remarkable  that  the  lives  of  all  the  great  ac- 
tresses have  been  full  of  intrigues  ;  and  it  may 
even  be  said  that  the  greater  they  were,  the 
freer  the  life  they  led.  The  history  of  the 
theatre,  from  its  origin  to  our  own  times, 
tends  to  prove  this." 

It  will  serve  to  point  the  moral  of  this  part 
of  my  subject,  if  I  advert  to  the  tragic  end  of 
the  playwright,  Salmi  Morse,  an  event  which 
happened  whilst  these  notes  were  in  prepara- 
tion. Hepeatedly  defeated  in  his  purpose  of 
having  the  "Passion  Play"  performed  before 
a  New  York  audience — for  both  the  public  at 
large  and  the  judicial  authorities  had  declared 
it  to  be  a  subject  without  the  pale  of  scenic 
representation — overwhelmed  with  debt,  and 
filled  with  a  remorse  which  led  him  to  wish 
that  the  Almighty  would  put  an  end  to  his 
unhappy  life,  he  at  last  cast  himself  into  the 
Hudson  (some  said  the  hand  of  an  enemy 
pushed  him  in)  and  thus  perished  miserably.* 

It  is  surely  not  necessaiy  to  multiply  con- 
demnatory testimony  such  as  that  which  has 
been  given,  coming  as  it  in  part  does  from 
those  who  have  been,  or  who  now  are,  en- 
abled to  speak  from  dearly-earned  experience. 
We  will  turn  next — it  may  be  hoped  with 
profit — to  something  said  in  defence  of  the 
stage,  being  the  separate  comments  of  three 
writers— actors,  playwrights,  or  stage-man- 
agers— upon  a  brief  arraignment  of  the  thea- 
tre by  J.  M.  Buckley,  presumably  the  editor 
of  the  Methodist  Christian  Advocate,  of  New 
York  city.  The  four  articles  are  printed  in 
connection  in  the  North  American  Review 
for  the  Sixth  month,  1883. 

Some  extracts  from  J.  M.  Buckley's  paper 
will  bo  first  in  order.  Giving  in  a  few  lines 
his  own  experience,  he  says:  "The  writer  in 
the  most  susceptible  period  of  his  life  was 
fascinated  by  the  theatre.  The  time  was 
short,  but  the  fever  ran  high,  and  during  his 
attendance  he  saw  some  of  the  most  noted 
actors  who  have  appeared  during  the  last 
thirty  years,  a  few  of  whom  are  still  in  the 
front  ranks  of  their  profession.  The  sneers 
at  religion  and  straight-laced  bigots,  which 
certain  comedies  contained,  embittered  him 
toward  a  life  of  piety.  The  excitement  of  the 
evening  unfitted  him  for  the  serious  pursuit 
of  his  business.  He  lost  relish  for  lectures 
and  solid   reading;    a  semi-tragical  extrava- 

*  "  And  because  the  piously-introduced  custom  of 
representing  to  the  people  the  venerable  passion  of 
Christ  the  Lord,  and  tlie  glorious  combats  of  martyrs, 
and  acts  of  the  saints,  is  brought  to  such  a  pass  by  the 
perverseness  of  men  that  it  is  an  offence  to  many,  and 
likewise  a  matter  of  much  derision  and  contempt  to 
many:  we  therefore  decree,  that  from  henceforth  the 
passion  of  our  Saviour  be  no  more  acted  neither  in  any 
sacred  or  profane  place,  but  that  it  be  learnedly  and 
gravely  declared  by  the  preachers  in  such  sort  as  that 
they  may  stir  up  piety  and  tears  in  the  auditors." — 
Council  (if  Milan,  A.  D.  1500. 


gancc,    with    an    infusion    of  comical   slang, 
affected  his  action  and  expression  ;  while  the 
company  he  found  there  was  such  as  to  de-  j 
stroy   all    interest   in    the  society  of  steady 
persons." 

Following  prior  writers  on  the  topic,  J.  M. 
Buckley  shows  that,  inasmuch  as  the  success 
of  a  theatrical  entertainment  depends  upon 
its  power  to  excite  attention  and  kindle  strong 
emotion,  it  is  any  or  all  of  the  long  array  of 
evil  dispositions  and  wickedness  which  find 
such  ready  representation,  and  not,  or  rarely 
not,  the  quiet  virtues  of  "truth,  honesty, 
temperance,  industry,  frugality,  chastity,  re- 
ligion," which  are  not  readily  representable 
on  the  stage,  so  as  to  satisfy  the  sense  of  high 
excitement  which  is  clamored  for.  The  witti- 
cisms will  be  vulgar,  or  broadly  indecent, 
whilst  the  attitude  assumed,  and  the  general 
behavior  of  those  engaged  in  acting  out  the 
vices,  will  be  broadly  at  variance  with  that 
Christian  decorum  and  sobriety  of  demeanor 
to  which  every  one  is  called. 

"  The  result,"  he  continues,  "of  an  exam- 
ination of  more  than  sixty  of  the  plays  which 
have  been  performed  in  the  principal  theatres 
of  New  York  within  recent  years — copies 
prepared  for  the  use  of  the  actors,  being  used 
—  shows  that  if  language  and  sentiments 
which  would  not  be  tolerated  among  respect- 
able people  in  private  intercourse,  and  would 
excite  indignation  if  addressed  to  the  most 
uncultivated  and  coarse  servant-girl,  not  open- 
ly vicious,  by  an  ordinary  young  man,  and 
profaneness  which  would  brand  him  who 
uttered  it  as  irreligious,  are  improper  amuse- 
ments for  the  young  and  for  Christians  of 
every  age,  at  least  50  of  the  60  plays  above 
referred  to  must  be  condemned."  He  gives 
some  details  of  the  plots  of  several  of  them, 
but  it  will  suffice  merely  to  cite  what  he  says 
in  brief  of  two  of  the  public's  favorite  dramas, 

that    " consists  of  infidelity,   adultery, 

murder,  re-marriage,  and  the  subsequent  re- 
appearance of  the  first  wife  to  die  in  the  house 

of  her  former  husband.     is  a  succession 

of  hypocrisj-,  covetousness,  drinking,  gam- 
bling, jealousy,  and  infidelity,  tending  to  im- 
part a  view  of  life  to  the  young  which,  if  taken 
as  true,  would  lead  to  distrust,  misanthropy, 
and  personal  recklessness." 

Hence,  the  above  writer  sees  no  probability 
of  a  reformation  of  the  stage,  because  its  re- 
form has  been  called  for  for  centuries  and  . 
never  been  accomplished,  it  having  always 
existed  under  conditions  which  forbid  the 
hope  of  reform  ;  the  same  morbid  demand  for 
delineation  of  vice  continues;  and  finall}*,  as 
the  pecuniary  success  of  the  play  is  of  the  first 
moment  to  the  playwright  and  manager,  and 
as  "nine-tenths  of  the  theatre-going  public 
call  for  the  present  order  of  plays,  they  will 
get  what  they  call  for,  or  the  management 
must  fail." 

To  this  serious  arraignment  the  first  of  the 
theatre  defendors,  replying,  is  frank  enough 
to  say  that  the  present  condition  of  the  drama 
is  "  a  subject  for  regret,"  and  that  many  of 
the  plays  "  are  open  to  the  severest  criticism," 
yet  he  thinks  that  there  has  been  some  notice- 
able improvement,  and  "that  the  attitude  of 
the  Christian  public  generally  is  much  more 
liberal  toward  the  theatre  and  theatrical  peo- 
ple than  [formerly,]  and  that  actors,  as  such, 
are  not  now  excluded  from  good  society  on  ac- 
count of  their  calling," — an  asseveration  which 
(if  correct)  can  hardly  bo  received  as  hope- 
fully indicating  the  right  estimation  of  this 


THE    FBIEND. 


i91 


pursuit  by  the  professing  C'bureh.  He  further 
asserts  that,  it  being  tbe  province  of  the  stage 
to  amuse  and  instruct,  vice  is  indeed  exhibited 
to  the  intent  that  goodness  may  thereby  be 
taught  by  comparison  :  surely  a  dangerous 
position  to  hold,  and  such  as  no  concerned 
pai'ent  would  bring  forward  as  an  excuse  for 
having  permitted  his  sons  to  seek  the  com- 
panionship of  profane  and  immoral  boys. 

(To  be  continued.) 


As  the  time  of  our  annual  gathering  is 
drawing  near,  there  are  no  doubt  many  who 
are  feeling  the  weight  of  it. 

As  year  by  year  passes  away,  wc  find,  each 
time,  there  are  those  that  have  been  called 
from  amongst  us,  leaving  their  vacant  places 
to  be  filled  by  others.  And  may  we  not  hope, 
that  the  great  Head  of  the  Church,  whose 
power  remains  the  same,  will  still  fit  and  pre- 
pare those  in  the  younger  walks  of  life,  to 
take  the  places  of  these,  if  only  there  is  a  will- 
ingness on  their  part  to  yield,  and  take  heed 
to  that  still  small  voice,  that  says,  in  the 
secret  of  the  heart,  "This  is  the  way,  walk 
ye  in  it." 

There  are  no  doubt  many  who  might  be-  j 
come  useful  members  in  the  church,  but  fur  £ 
the  want  of  taking  heed  and  being  faithful  to 
this  inward  call,  they  are  keeping  their  talents 
as  it  were  buried  in  the  earth.  This  is  our 
day  and  generation,  and  "the  night  Cometh 
wherein  no  man  can  work."  Then,  let  some 
of  us  take  more  earnest  heed  to  these  inward 
visitations  before  it  is  too  late  ;  then  we  may 
hope  there  will  still  be  raised  up  those  who 
will  fill  the  broken  ranks,  and  our  beloved 
Society  be   supplied    with    valiants    for   the 


Swiss  Avalanches. 

High  up  in  a  narrow  valley  in  Switzerland, 
almost  entirely  shut  in  by  great  rocky  cliffs, 
was  a  little  chalet  where  widow  Jutta  and  her 
three  boys  lived.  They  were  very  poor,  own- 
ing a  patch  of  meadow  only,  its  thin,  rocky 
soil  scarcely  sufficient  to  keep  two  or  three 
cows.  Their  home  was  of  the  poorest  descrip- 
tion, the  walls  loose  stones  filled  in  with  moss, 
and  the  projecting  roof  large  sheets  of  pine 
bark  laid  over  poles  and  weighed  down  by 
heavy  stones,  while  a  large  square  hole  in  the 
top  answered  both  for  a  window  and  chimney. 

Tables  and  bedsteads  were  unknown  luxu- 
ries, as  stumps  were  substituted  for  the  former 
and  bark  covered  with  hay  for  the  latter. 

But  they  were  strong  and  hardy,  and  had 

never  been  accustomed  to  anything  different ; 

and  the  boys,  in  summer  especially,  lived  a 

ee,  joyous   life,  their  merry   "jodel"   often 

aking  sweet  echoes  among  the' rocky  cliffs. 
Jobann,  the  eldest,  a  lad  of  sixteen,  was  their 
chief  reliance,  as  he  was  already  quite  a  skill- 
ful hunter,  following  the  sly  chamois  to  its 
haunts  on  snow-clad  peaks,  where  it  seemed 
'mpossible  that  a  human  foot  could  tread. 

Fredrich  and   Francois  were  several  years 


two  in  store.  He'd  let  us  have  something  to 
keep  us  alive  till  the  thaw  comes." 

"I  had  just  made  up  my  mind  to  go,"  re- 
plied Jobann.  "I  suppose  if  you  went  with 
me  we  could  bring  back  a  bigger  load.  Still 
I  don't  like  to  have  you  take  the  risk." 

"  It  would  be  greater  for  you  alone.  We 
could  help  each  other.  If  you  go,  Johann,  I 
go  with  you." 

"Then  we  had  better  start  at  once,  before 
another  storm  comes." 

They  told  their  mother  of  their  plan  and 
bade  her  not  to  worry  if  they  did  not  return 
that  night.  Then  the}-  fastened  snow-hoops 
on  their  shoes,  made  of  the  tough  branches 
of  fir  trees,  interlaced  with  strong  cord,  their 
broad  surface  helping  to  sustain  them  on  the 
top  of  the  snow. 

If  was  early  in  the  morning  when  they  be- 
wail their  perilous  journey.  Their  mother 
them  depart  with  a  sinking  heart,  but 
she  knew  it  was  their  duty  and  could  not 
hold  them  back.  The  air  was  very  cold,  and 
almost  at  the  first  step  the}-  sank  into  the 
soft  snow  to  their  waists;  but  the}-  helped 
each  other  up  on  the  rocks  and  climbed  along 
narrow  icy  ledges  where  the  least,  slip  would. 
throw  them  down  steep  precipices  to  sure 
estruction.     Yet  for  six  hours  they  pushed 


ounger;  but  they  helped  their  mother  weave 
baskets,  and  in  summer  filled  them  with  Alpine  'forward,  knowing  that  to  stop  and  rest  would 
strawberries,  which  she  carried  on  her  head,  be  certain  death,  as  sleep  would  instantly 
to  the  nearest  market-town  and  sold.  Yet  overcome  them.  At  last  they  saw  the  smoke 
they  were  often  reduced  to  great  want  during  curling  up  from  Hans  Grange's  hut.  Cheered 
the  long,  cold  winters,  in  spite  of  every  pre-  by  the  prospect  of  rest  and  food,  they  gave  a 
caution  to  lay  in  supplies.  loud  "jodel,"  which  brought  the  old  hunter  to 

In  the  autumn  of  fS74  a  great  misfortune  the  top  of  his  roof  to  see  who  could  be  ap- 

bcfell  this  family  in  the  death  of  their  cows  proaching.     Great  was  his  amazement  when 

by  the  murrain  ;  and  this  season  was  followed  j  he  recognized   the   boys.     He  gave  them   a 

^  by    an    unusually    severe    winter.     Early  in  | hearty  welcome  as  he  drew  them  up  to  the 

truth  :^andtlnvn.^|/the-Vaeeand'!oodnessoHllth   mo-]  ,t:here  cam.e  8Uch  a  heavy  fall  of  blazing  log  fire  and   relieved  iheni  of  their 

•      'snow  that  all  communication  was  cut  off  with  cold,   wet  garments.     Then    he  placed    food 
the  next  town,  while  on  the  heights  above  it 'and  milk  before  them, 
accumulated  to  an  astonishing  depth.  j      After  the  poor  famished  boys  had  satisfied 

They  used  their  supplies  of  food  very  spar-  their  hunger  they  told  him  oV  their  destitu- 
mgly,  hoping  each  day  a  change  would  come,  Uion  and  said  they  had  come  to  beg  for  some 
when  a  little  sunshine  and  warmth  would  'provisions  to  take  back  to  their  imprisoned 
form  a  crust  over  the  surface  of  the  snow  mother  and  little  Francois;  Johann,  with 
sufficient  to  bear  the  boy's  weight.  But  the,  manly  independence,  promising  to  work  for 
cold  continued  extreme,  and,  shadowed  by  (Hans  the  next  summer  to  pay  for  the  help 
high   mountains,  the   wintry   sun    had   little|now  rendered.     The  old  hunter  readily  con- 


God  we  may  still  be  preserved  as  a  people 
for  it  is  by  his  goodness  we  are  led  to  repent- 
ance. 

"The  Master  has  come  and  calleth  for  thee," 
is  a  language  that  was  addressed  to  one  for- 
merly. 

Well,  is  He  not  still  calling  for  laborers  to 
come  and  work  in  his  vineyard  ?  Such  as  are 
willing  to  obey  the  summons,  will  find  Him  to 
be  a  rich  rewarder,  and  will  receive  the  penny. 
He  waits  long  to  be  gracious.  Are  there  not 
some,  who,  if  they  will  reflect,  will  see  that 
they  have  been  followed  up  from  time  to  time 
by  his  visitations  ?  that  He  is  still  waiting  to 
be  gracious,  if  they  will  only  let  Him  have 
the  rule  and  reign  over  them,  and  they  be- 
come as  clay  in  his  hands,  willing  to  be 
moulded  and  fashioned  as  He  sees  fit.  May 
some  of  us  be  more  willing  to  yield  our  all  unto 
Him,  and  be  attentive  to  the  Divine  call !  As 
the  Lord's  commands  are  faithfully  obeyed, 
his  visitations  will  be  renewed  from  season  to 
season;  and  He  will  make  known  to  his 
children  his  will  concerning  them.  Let  not, 
"therefore  the  light  that  is  in  thee  be  dark- 
ness." E.  C.  C. 

Philada.,  3rd  mo.  31st,  18S4. 


It  is  conceded  on  all  hands  that  the  pro- 
sperity of  a  country,  and  the  very  existence 
of  free  institutions,  depend  upon  the  intelli- 
gence and  good  morals  of  the  people.  But 
intelligence  and  good  morals  do  not  neces- 
sarily go  hand  in  hand,  and  all  history  shows 
that  the  highest  degree  of  intellectual  culture 
may  co-exist  with  a  corrupt  heart  aud  the 
worst  immoral  practices. — Selected. 


power. 

It  was  a  sad,  anxious  little  group  that 
gathered  day  after  day  around  the  table,  more 
and  more  scantily  spread.  Widow  Jutta  was 
a  good,  Christian  woman,  and  she  prayed 
earnestly  for  help  in  their  extremity  and 
patience  to  endure  without  murmuring,  as 
fresh  falls  of  snow  were  constantly  piling  up 
the  fine,  powdery  flakes,  already  nearly  even 
with  the  gable. 

Johann  saw  with  alarm  how  feeble  his 
mother  was  growing,  and,  feeling  that  he 
must  do  something  before  his  own  strength 
was  exhausted,  he  climbed  to  the  opening  by 
the  ridgepole,  and  looked  about  him. 

The  hut  stood  high  up  on  the  side  of  the 
mountain,  and  although  the  steep  slopes  near 
by  had  but  three  or  four  feet  of  snow,  he 
knew  that  it  had  accumulated  to  the  depth 
of  twelve  or  fifteen  feet  in  the  valley  through 
which  he  must  go  to  reach  help. 

But  the  lives  of  those  dear  to  him  depended 
upon  the  effort,  and  he  resolved  to  try.  As 
ho  was  about  to  descend  into  the  hut  and  tell 
his  mother  his  determination,  Fredrich  joined 
him  and  said,  "  Don't  you  think  we  two  could 
get  as  far  as  Hans  Graffle's  hut?  He's  a 
good  hunter  aud  sure  to  have  a  chamois  or 


sented  to  give  them  all  they  could  carry. 

Tbe  next  day  was  quite  mild,  and  he  ad- 
vised them  to  wait  over,  as  a  night's  freezing 
would  make  a  sufficient  crust  to  bear  their 
weight,  and  they  could  return  with  much  less 
fatigue.  They  followed  his  advice,  but  Johann 
was  so  anxious  about  his  mother  he  insisted 
upon  starting  very  early  the  next  morning. 

They  fastened  their  bag  of  provisions  on  a 
long  pole  and  Johann  placed  one  end  on  his 
shoulder,  Fredrich  followed  holding  the  other, 
and,  with  their  alpenstocks  in  their  hands, 
they  started  rapidly  forward,  thankful  to  find 
that  the  snow  yielded  but  little  to  the  pres- 
sure of  their  broad  hoops. 

Hans  Graffle  mounted  his  roof  again  and 
watched  the  little  figures,  till,  just  before 
turning  the  point  of  a  projecting  cliff,  tbe 
boys,  seeing  him,  gave  a  loud  parting  shout. 
Alas  !  the  vibration  in  the  air  caused  by  that 
merry,  thoughtless  cheer,  set  a  great  avalanche 
in  motion  down  the  steep  precipice  over  their 
heads.  At  first  there  was  a  low  rumbling 
sound,  instantly  increasing  in  volume  and 
intensity,  and,  looking  up,  they  saw  the  great 
white  cloud  rushing  upon  them. 

There  was  no  escape,  and,  dropping  their 
burden,  they  clasped  their  arms  about  each 


292 


THE    FRIEND. 


other  and  sank  down  buried  beneath  forty  feet 
of  the  cold,  white  mass. 

The  old  man  heard  the  thundering  sound 
and  saw  the  poor  boys  drop  upon  their  knees, 
but  could  do  nothing  to   help  them,  for  h 
knew  too  well  what  swift  and  sure  destruction 
lay  in  the  path  of  the  terrible  avalanche. 

Well  aware  that  they  would  be  dead  ere 
he  could  rescue  them  from  that  depth  of 
snow,  if  they  had  not  been  instantly  killed, 
he  exerted  all  his  efforts  to  save  those  still 
left  in  the  cottage  far  up  the  desolate  valley. 
After  a  long  and  perilous  walk  he  succeeded 
in  finding  the  spot,  but  a  sad  sight  there 
greeted  him. 

Little  Francois  was  asleep  on  the  rough 
bed,  upon  which  his  mother  had  piled  all  the 
clothing  to  keep  him  warm.  She  was  sitting 
by  the  cold  hearth  as  lifeless  as  the  white 
embers  lying  upon  it;  yet  a  happy  smile  still 
rested  on  her  face,  for  upon  her  lap  lay  the 
old  Bible,  and  her  finger  yet  pointed  to  the 
vei'so,  "  Blessed  are  they  that  do  his  com- 
mandments, that  they  may  have  a  right  to 
the  tree  of  life,  and  may  enter  in  through  the 
gates  into  the  city." 

When  for  her  the  portals  had  opened  Hans 
could  not  tell,  but  he  thought  thej'  would 
scarcely  have  closed  ere  she  was  joined  by 
the  ransomed  spirits  of  her  boys. 

It  was  a  bitter  awakening  for  little  Francois, 
but  the  kind  hunter  took  him  to  his  own 
home,  and  adopted  him  as  his  son. 

It  was  not  until  late  in  the  spring  that  the 
deep  snowdrift  made  by  the  great  avalanche 
melted  away,  and  the  bodies  of  the  two  brothers 
were  found  with  their  arms  still  locked  about 
each  other. 

A  rough  wooden  cross  now  marks  the  spot, 
with  their  names  and  the  date  of  their  death 
rudely  carved  upon  it,  that  cross  being  only 
one  of  many  that  I  passed  one  lovety  sum- 
mer day  on  my  way  over  the  Tete-Noir  to 
Chamouni,  each  marking  some  sad  record  of 
man's  vain  struggle  with  the  long,  bitter 
winter  in  those  wild  mountain  passes. — Chris- 
tian Union. 

Chimneys. — In  the  year  1200  chimneys  were 
scarcely  known  in  England  ;  one  only  was 
allowed  in  a  religious  house,  one  in  a  manor- 
house,  and  one  in  the  great  hall  of  a  castle  or 
lord's  house  ;  but  in  other  houses  the  smoke 
found  its  way  out  as  it  could.  The  writers  of 
the  fourteenth  century  seem  to  have  consid- 
ered them  as  the  newest  invention  of  luxury. 
In  Henry  the  Eighth's  reign  the  University 
of  Oxford  had  no  fire  allowed  ;  for  it  is  men- 
tioned that  after  the  students  bad  supped, 
having  no  fire  in  winter,  they  were  obliged 
to  take  a  good  run  for  half  an  hour  to  get 
heat  in  their  feet  before  they  retired  for  the 
night.  Hollinshead,  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
describes  the  rudeness  of  the  preceding  gen- 
eration in  the  arts  of  life.  "There  were," 
says  he,  "  very  few  chimneys;  even  in  capital 
towns  the  fire  was  laid  to  the  wall,  and  the 
smoke  issued  out  at  tho  door,  roof,  or  window. 
The  houses  were  wattled  and  plastered  over 
with  clay,  and  all  the  furniture  and  utensils 
were  of  wood."  In  1G89  a  tax  of  two  shillings 
was  laid  on  chimneys. 

There  is  no  hearing  his  gracious  voice, 
but  by  humbling  ourselves  under  his  mighty 
power;  then  doth  He  make  known  his  will, 
and  blessed  are  they  that  hear  his  word,  and 
obey  it;  that  know  his  will  and  do  it. 


For  "  The  Friend.' 

TO  A  CARDINAL  GROSSBEAK, 
fikst  mo.  25th,  1884. 
Bird  of  the  rose-hued  coat, 
A  captive  sure  thou  art; 
And  now  within  ray  hand,  I  feel 
The  beating  of  thy  heart. 
Peace:  I  would  harm  thee  not, 

Dwell  thou  with  us  awhile 
And,  with  thy  merry  joyous  songs, 
The  winter  hours  beguile. 

Thou  shalt  have  warmth  and  cheer, 

Such  as  may  not  be  found 
Abroad,  within  the  field  or  grove, 
While  winter  snows  abound. 
Twas  hunger  led  thee  now 

To  seek  a  morsel  here, 
Where  human  hand  thy  flight  hath  stayed 
And  tilled  thy  breast  with  fear. 

Ah  !  fold  that  restless  wing. 
Beat  not  that  prison  bar, 
Such  discontent  will  wound  thee  sore, 
And  all  thy  beauty  mar. 
Forget  thy  wildwood  haunts, 
And  thy  companions  free; 
Here  in  our  home,  with  us  abide, 
And  wake  sweet  melody. 

Ah  !  could  thy  glad  wild  song 

Bring  pleasure  unto  me, 
While  I  restrain  that  restive  wing 
And  freedom  take  from  thee? 
Or  could  thy  beauty  e'er 
Delight  the  gazing  eye, 
While  viewed  within  those  prison  bars, 
Thou  tenant  of  the  sky  ! 

Oh !  dear  as  freedom  is 

To  every  living  thing, 
Shall  I  from  thee  that  blessing  take, 
And  stay  that  joyous  wing? 
That  wing  was  formed  to  soar 

Throughout  unmeasured  ways; 
That  song,  Love  taught  thee  from  above, 
May  be  a  song  of  praise. 

Go  seek  again  thy  mates, 

Thy  comrades  of  the  wild, 
And  be  as  thou  hast  ever  been — 
Nature's  own  gladsome  child. 
For,  though  thy  song  is  joy, 

And  lovely  is  thy  form, 
Freedom  is  all  in  all  to  thee, 
E'en  mid  the  winter  storm. 

And  though  I'd  gladly  keep 

Such  beauty  ever  near, 
And  listen  often  to  thy  song, 
Melodious  and  clear, 
I  will  not  take  from  thee 

The  gifts  that  heaven  made  thine; 
Or  rob  thee  of  life's  richest  joys, 
To  add  e'en  one  to  mine. 

M.  T. 
Barnesville,  Ohio. 


Selected  for  "  The 

How  sweet,  how  heavenly  is  the  sight 
When  those  who  love  the  Lord 

In  one  another's  peace  delight, 
And  so  fulfil  his  word  : — 

When  each  can  feel  his  brother's  sigh, 
And  with  him  bear  a  part, 

When  sorrows  flow  from  eye  to  eye, 
And  joy  from  heart  to  heart: — 

When  free  from  envy,  scorn  and  pride 

Our  wishes  all  above, 
Each  can  bis  brother's  failings  hide, 

And  show  a  brother's  love. 

Let  love  in  one  delightful  stream, 
Through  every  bosom  flow, 

And  union  sweet,  and  dear  esteem 
In  every  action  glow. 

Love  is  the  golden  chain  that  binds 

The  happy  souls  above; 
And  he's  an  heir  of  heaven  who  finds 

Ilia  bosom  glow  with  love. 


For  "  The  Fr 


Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

MUSIC. 

Those  who  stand  the  most  upright  for  first  I 
principles,  may  soon  become  even  more  than  ' 
at  present,  like  our  Saviour,  when  He  was  in  | 
that  prepared  body,  "  despised  and  rejected  j 
of  men  ;"  and  like  the  apostles  and  our  early 
Friends,  who  for  adopting  and  publishing  the 
doctrines  of  the  gospel  in  its  primitive  purity,  , 
were  accounted  "  as  the  filth  of  the  earth,  and 
the  offscouring  of  all  things."  But  being  re- 
viled, they  blessed  ;  being  persecuted,  they 
suffered  it ;  being  defamed,  they  entreated 
their  persecutors  to  an  amendment  of  life. 
And  nothing  but  the  most  unshaken  confi- 
dence in  the  truth  of  what  they  professed, 
and  published  to  the  world,  by  preaching  and 
writing,  could  have  sustained  them  through 
it,  to  the  honor  of  Him  who  had  called  them 
out  of  darkness  into    his    marvellous   light. 

Surely  we  have  abundant  cause  for  believ- 
ing that  the  various  Christian  testimonies, 
together  with  the  worship,  the  faith  and  the 
religious  views  and  practices  of  our  early 
Friends,  were  of  Divine  origin,  and  that  they 
were  led  into  the  adopting  of  them  by  the 
promptings  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  by  an  en- 
lightened understanding  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures. If  so,  wbj-  has  this  great  change  come 
upon  us?  Has  the  Holy  Spirit  changed,  so 
as  to  lead  us  back  into  the  same  things  that 
it  led  our  forefathers  out  of?  Or  have  the 
Holy  Scriptures  changed  so  as  to  teach  some- 
thing else  ?  Or  is  it  not  more  likely  that  we 
have  changed  into  an  easier  and  more  broad 
way,  so  as  to  shun  the  cross,  and  go  hand  in 
hand  with  the  more  formal  professors,  in 
wresting  the  Scriptures,  or  bending  them 
from  their  strait  gospel  course,  so  as  to  fit  the 
crooked  inclinations  of  sensual  men  ? 

As  God  is  a  Spirit,  our  approaches  to  Him 
must  be  in  spirit.  He  regards  not  the  words, 
however  appropriate  or  smooth  they  majT  be, 
neither  the  outward  appearance ;  but  it  is 
those  who  draw  nigh  to  Him  in  spirit  and  in 
truth,  with  a  pure  heart,  in  full  assurance  of 
faith,  that  witness  Him  to  draw  nigh  unto 
them,  in  refreshing  solemnity  and  stillness. 
This  to  them  is  as  the  dew  of  Hermon,  that 
revives  the  sin-sick  soul.  Such  spiritual  wor- 
shippers in  theirapproaches  to  God, or  gather- 
ings for  worship,  "bring  no  vain  oblations." 
Even  incense,  with  all  its  beautiful  perfumery, 
if  it  is  of  their  own  preparing,  "is  an  abomi- 
nation unto  Him."  Neither  need  we  suppose 
that  our  addresses  unto  Him  will  be  more  ac- 
ceptable by  being  clothed  in  music  ;  as  if  He, 
like  the  fashionable  part  of  mankind,  would 
be  pleased  with  the  modulated  changes  of  the 
human  voice  ;  or  if  we  should  "  invent  to  our- 
selves instruments  of  music,  like  David," 
(Amos  vi.  5),  and  use  them  with  all  the 
melody  that  polluted  man  can  give,  can  we 
suppose  that  it  would  add  anything  towards 
wafting  our  devotions  to  the  throne  of  grace, 
or  aid  in  giving  them  acceptance  with  that 
God  who  sees  not  as  man  sees,  nor  hears  not 
as  man  hears?  He  looks  at  the  heart.  And 
tho  sacrifices  of  a  broken  spirit,  and  a  humblo 
and  contrite  heart,  lie  will  receive  from  tho 
least  of  his  penitent  children,  while  the  rich, 
the  full  and  the  haughty,  lie  sends  empty 
away. 

But  there  is  a  melody  of  the  heart  which 
we  must  believe  tho  Lord  will  accept,  because 
it  proceeds  from  Him.     It  is  the  new  song 


THE    FRIEND. 


293 


at  no  man  can  learn  but  such  as  are  "  re- 
emed  from  the  earth."  It  is  not  learned 
>m  books,  for  it  is  deeper  than  words  can 
ich,  being  unspeakable,  but  real,  and  for- 
er  new.  I  believe  that  this  melody  of  the 
art  that  Paul  speaks  of,  is  the  substance  of 
at  which  was  pointed  to,  and  shadowed 
tb  in  music  and  song  under  the  Jewish  law, 
lieh  made  nothing  perfect.  But  I  doubt 
t  that  it  may  at  times  be  permitted  to  break 
•th  in  words,  "  as  a  part  of  God's  worship  ;" 
d  when,  (as  E.  Barclay  says),  "  it  proceeds 
>m  a  true  sense  of  God's  love  in  the  heart,  it 
sweet  and  refreshing."  But  I  find  no  author- 
s', either  in  the  New  Testament,  or  in  the 
ample  or  precept  of  early  Friends,  for  niak- 
1  artificial  music  of  it,  by  dressing  it  oft' in 
and  tune,  so  as  to  be  sung  according  to 
e  art  or  wisdom  of  man.  And  hence  our 
efathers  were  drawn  altogether  awajr  from 
)  customary  manner  and  form  of  singing. 
B.  says:  "As  to  artificial  music,  either  by 
gans  or  other  instruments,  or  voice,  we  have 
itber  example  nor  precept  for  it  in  the  New 
istament." 

So  it  appears  that  we  have  two  kinds  of 
jsic:  the  one  from  the  earth,  which  isearthy, 
d  tends  to  soothe  the  conscience  of  the  sen- 
al  man,  and  settle  him  down  in  a  false  rest, 
ort  of  that  true  rest  which  is  often  enjoyed 
•  the  people  of  God  while  here  below.  The 
her  is  from  heaven,  and  is  heavenly,  and  for 
e  refreshment  aud  enjoyment  of  such  as 
ire  redeemed  from  the  earth."  These  are 
rmitted  at  times  to  hear,  as  it  were,  the 
ice  of  harpers  harping  with  their  harps, 
iging  and  making  melody  in  the  heart  unto 
e  Lord.  And  having  "  gotten  the  victory 
er  the  beast,"  or  over  the  sinful  nature  in 
[  its  forms,  they  can  have  "  the  harps  of 
?d,"  and  sing  not  only  "  the  song  of  Moses, 
e  servant  of  God,  but  the  song  of  the  Lamb," 
ir  spiritual  deliverer  and  leader. 
So  be  not  deceived  as  to  who  our  leader  is, 
r"God  is  not  mocked,  and  whatsoever  a  man 
wetb,  that  shall  ho  also  reap  ;  he  that  sow- 
fa  to  his  flesh,  shall  of  the  flesh  reap  corrup- 
)n  ;  he  that  sowcth  to  the  wind,  shall  reap 
e  whirlwind."  "  But  he  that  soweth  to  the 
Brit,  shall  of  the  Spirit  reap  life  everlasting." 
tie  choice  is  with  us.  If  we  choose  to  live 
ter  the  gratifications  of  the  fleshly  will,  we 
all  die,  spiritually;  but  if  we,  through  the 
sisting  grace  of  God,  do  mortify  and  crucify 
,e  sinful  or  fleshly  propensities,  and  witness 
l  overcoming,  we  shall  live,  spiritually,  and 
'ow  in  grace  and  in  the  saving  knowledge 
'Him  who  is  calling  us  out  of  darkness  and 
;ath  into  his  marvellous  light  and  life.  So 
t  us  submit  ourselves  into  God,  and  seek  to 
'aw  nigh  unto  Him  in  spirit  and  in  truth, 
ith  full  assurance  of  faith  that  He  will  draw 
gh  unto  us,  and  preserve  us  and  keep  us 
om  falling.  But  if  we  choose  to  follow  the 
n-pleasing  or  fleshly  gratifications  of  the 
ril  one,  and  draw  nigh  unto  him,  we  may  be 
ire  he  will  draw  nearer  and  nearer  unto  us, 
id  entangle  us  more  and  more  in  his  yoke 
'bondage.  So  let  us  choose  this  day  which 
I  the  two  spirits  we  will  submit  ourselves 
nto  and  serve  ;  for  the  Holy  Spirit  will  not 
ways  strive  with  us,  and  the  solemn  hour 
lay  soon  arrive  when  time  to  us  shall  be  no 
mger.  D.  H. 

Dublin,  Ind.,  4th  ino.  1st,  1884. 

If  you  imitate  not  the  life  of  Christ,  you 
mnot  be  saved  by  his  death. —  Wm.  Penn. 


A  Brave  Girl. 

The  Iowa  Legislative  Committee  recently 
presented  Kate  Shelley,  a  young  girl  of 
eighteen,  with  a  gold  medal  for  bravery. 

At  about  dark  on  the  6th  of  7th  month, 
1881,  a  storm  of  wind  and  rain  of  unparalleled 
severity  broke  over  this  region.  In  an  hour's 
time  every  creek  was  out  of  its  banks,  and 
the  Des  Moines  River  had  risen  six  feet.  So 
sudden  was  the  flood  and  such  was  the  velocity 
of  the  wind  that  bouses,  barns,  lumber,  and 
all  portable  objects  within  reach  of  the  waters 
were  carried  away.  Looking  from  her  win- 
dow, which  in  daylight  commanded  a  view 
of  the  Honey  Creek  railroad  bridge,  Kate 
Shelley  saw  through  the  darkness  and  storm 
a  locomotive  headlight.  A  second  later  it 
dropped,  and  though  the  crash  which  it  must 
have  made  was  not  perceptible  above  the 
roar  of  the  wind,  she  knew  that  the  bridge 
had  gone  and  that  a  train  of  cars  had  fallen 
into  "the  abyss.  There  was  no  one  at  home 
but  her  mother  and  her  little  brother  and 
sister,  and  the  girl  understood  that  if  help 
was  to  be  given  to  the  sufferers,  and  the  ex- 
press train,  then  nearly  due,  warned,  she 
would  have  to  undertake  the  task  alone. 

Hastily  filling  and  lighting  an  old  lantern, 
and  wrapping  herself  in  a  waterproof,  she 
sallied  out  in  the  storm.  She  first  made  an 
effort  to  reach  the  water's  edge,  but  finding 


raaining  to  the  station,  told  her  story  in  breath- 
less haste,  and  fell  unconscious  at  the  feet  of 
the  rustics,  who,  in  their  eagerness  to  know 
her  adventures,  forgot  the  terror  and  sus- 
pense which  she  had  endured. 

Never  Forget  Anything. — Charge  your  mind 
with  your  duty.  That  is  largely  the  true 
definition  of  faithfulness.  But  memory  and 
mistakes  are  used  as  apologies  a  great  deal 
oftener  than  necessary.  A  boy  beginning 
business  life  will  generally  lose  his  place  who 
pleads  such  an  excuse  more  than  once  or 
twice. 

A  successful  business  man  says  there  were 
two  things  which  he  learned  when  ho  was 
eighteen,  which  were  afterwards  of  great  use 
to  him,  namely,  "Never  to  lose  anything,  and 
never  to  forget  anything."  An  old  lawyer 
sent  him  with  an  important  paper,  with  cer- 
tain instructions  what  to  do  with  it. 

"But,"  inquired  the  young  man,  "suppose 
I  lose  it ;  what  shall  I  do  then  ?" 

The  answer  was,  with  the  utmost  emphasis, 
"  You  must  not  lose  it." 

"I  don't  mean  to,"  said  the  young  man, 
"but  suppose  I  should  happen  to?" 

"But  I  say  you  must  not  happen  to!  I 
shall  make  no  provision  for  any  such  occur- 
rence.     You  must  not  lose  it .  !" 

This  put  a  new  train  of  thought  into  the 
voung  man's  mind,  and   he  found  that  if  he 


that  the  flood  was  already  far  above  all  the!  was  determined  to  do  a  thing  he  could  do  it. 
paths  and  road-ways,  and'  realizing  that  she  He  made  such  provision  against  every  con- 
could  do  nothing  iti  or  near  that  mad  torrent,  itingency  that  he  never  lost  anything.  He 
she  climbed  painfully  up  the  steep  bluff  to  found  this  equally  true  about  forgetting.  If 
the  track,  tearing  her  clothing  to  rags  on  the 'a  certain  matter  of  importance  was  to  be  re- 
thick  undergrowth,  and  lacerating  her  flesh  j  membered,  he  pinned  it  down  on  his  mind, 
most  painfully.  A  part  of  the  bridge  still  fastened  it  there,  and  made  it  Btay .—  Youth's 
remained,  and,  crawling  out  on  this  to  the   Companion. 


last  tie,  she  swung  her  lantern  over  the  abyss, 
and  called  out  at  the  top  of  her  voice.  It  was 
pitchy  dark    below,   but  she   was  answered 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

The  Mistletoe.— Quantitiesof  English  mistle- 


faintly  by  the  engineer,  who  had  crawled  up  toe  are  now  imported  by  florists  in  some  of 
on  some  of  the  timbers,  and,  though  injured, 'the  cities  of  this  country,  and  as  much  as  $5 
was  safe  for  the  time  being.  From  him  the  for  a  luxuriant  bough  of  it  is  paid,  and  some 
girl  learned  that  it  was  a  freight  train  thatlEnglish  holly  also  finds  sale.  The  mistletoe 
had  gone  into  the  chasm,  and  that  he  alone  J  proper  extends  in  Europe  from  Sweden  to  the 
of  that  train's  hands  had  escaped.  He  urged  Mediterranean  Sea,  and  is  very  common  in 
her,  however,  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  nearest  the  southern  and  western  counties  of  Eng- 
station  to  secure  help  for  him,  and  to  warn  land,  where  it  grows  on  a  number  of  different 
the  approaching  express  train  of  the  fall  of  trees.     In   the  cider  districts   it  is  very  de- 


the  bridt 

The  girl  then  retracted  her  steps,  gained 
the  track  and  made  her  way,  with  all  the 
speed  that  the  gale  would  permit,  toward 
Moingona,  a  small  station  about  one  mile 
from  Honey  Creek.  In  making  this  perilous 
journey  it  was  necessary  for  her  to  cross  the 
i'high  trestle  bridge  over  the  Des  Moines 
River,  about  500  feet  in  length.  Just  as  she 
tremblingly  put  her  foot  on  this  structure  the 
wind,  rain,  thunder,  and  lightning  were  so 
appalling  that  she  nearly  lost  her  balance, 
and  in  the  endeavor  to  save  herself,  her  sole 
companion,  the  old  lantern,  went  out.  She 
had  no  matches,  but  if  she  had  had  thousands 
of  them  they  would  have  been  of  no  service 
in  such  a  place  and  in  such  a  storm.  Deprived 
of  her  light,  she  could  not  see  a  foot  ahead  of 
her  save  when  dazzling  flashes  of  lightning 
revealed  the  grim  outlines  of  the  bridge  and 
the  seething  waters  beneath.  Knowing  that 
she  had  no  time  to  lose,  the  brave  girl  threw 
away  the  useless  lamp,  and  dropping  on  her 
bands  and  kneees,  crawled  from  tie  to  tie 
across  the  high  trestle.  Having  gained  the 
ground  again,  she  ran  the  short  distance  in- 


structive, as  once  established  on  the  apple 
trees  it  continues  to  grow  as  long  as  there  is 
any  life  in  its  host.  It  is  supposed  to  be  dis- 
seminated by  birds,  which  feed  upon  the  ber- 
ries, and  that  in  tho  attempt  to  wipe  the 
viscid  pulp  from  their  bills  they  attach  the 
seed  to  the  branches.  To  establish  the  plant 
artificially,  a  small  slit  of  the  bark  is  raised 
with  a  knife  and  the  seeds  are  placed  beneath 
it ;  this  is  done  upon  the  under  side  of  a  branch 
to  hide  the  seeds  from  the  birds. 

The  ancient  Britons  and  Germans  held  the 
plant  in  high  reverence.  In  Scandinavian 
mythology,  Balder,  the  Apollo  of  the  North, 
is'said  to  have  been  slain  by  a  spear  of  the 
mistletoe.  The  plant  is  found  upon  the  oak 
more  rarely  than  on  any  other  tree,  so  that 
which  grew  upon  the  oak  was  regarded  by 
the  Druids  with  peculiar  honor,  and  its  col- 
lection was  accompanied  by  great  solemnities. 
It  was  cut  on  the  sixth  day  after  the  first  new 
moon  of  each  year,  the  priest  using  a  golden 
sickle;  the  plant  was  received  upon  a  white 
cloth,  and  divided  among  the  people,  who  pre- 
served the  fragments  as  a  charm  to  protect 
them  from  disease  and  every  other  evil. 


294 


THE    FRIEND. 


Rosewoods. — It  baa  been  a  mystery  to  some 
people  why  tbe  dark  wood  so  highly  prized 
for  furniture  should  be  called  "rosewood." 
Its  color  does  not  look  much  like  a  rose,  so 
we  must  look  for  some  other  reason.  An  ex- 
change explains  that  when  the  tree  is  first  cut 
the  fresh  wood  possesses  a  very  strong,  rose- 
like fragrance,  hence  the  name.  There  are  a 
half  a  dozen  or  more  kinds  of  rosewood  trees. 
Tbe  varieties  are  found  in  South  America  and 
in  the  East  Indies  and  neighboring  islands. 
Sometimes  the  trees  grow  so  large  that  planks 
four  feet  broad  and  ten  feet  long  can  be  cut 
from  them.  These  broad  planks  are  princi- 
pally used  to  make  the  tops  of  piano-fortes. 
When  growing  in  the  forest  the  tree  is  re- 
markable for  its  beauty,  but  such  is  its  value 
in  manufacturing  as  an  ornamental  wood  that 
some  of  the  forests  where  it  once  grew  abun- 
dantly now  have  scarcely  a  single  specimen. 
— The  Woodworker. 

Border  Land  of  Insanity. —  The  doctrine 
that  the  border-land  of  insanity  is  a  very  nar- 
row one,  and  that  most  sane  people  are  near 
the  line,  has  been  extensively  taught  during 
the  last  quarter  of  a  century.  Now,  the  truth 
is,  there  is  a  broad  line  between  sanity  and 
insanity;  and  that  "all  men  are  mad"  is  not 
true  in  any  reasonable  sense.  There  are, 
however,  a  large  number  of  persons  who  have 
an  insane  impulse  to  do  some  wicked  deed — 
to  kill  themselves  or  somebody  else,  to  jump 
into  the  sea  if  on  a  vessel,  to  throw  themselves 
from  a  height  if  on  top  of  a  building  or  on  the 
border  of  a  precipice.  Only  recently,  while 
listening  to  a  lecture  on  insanity  by  one  of 
the  most  noted  neurologists  in  New  York,  he 
stated  an  experience  of  his  own,  and  said  that 
once  while  visiting  some  romantic  scenery  in 
the  Great  West,  he  desired  to  look  down  a 
deep  precipice.  He  laid  down  flat  on  bis  face, 
close  to  the  edge  of  it,  and  gazed  into  the 
depths  below.  To  his  utter  amazement  he 
was  seized  with  a  desire  to  throw  himself 
down  the  abyss,  and  lost  the  power  of  re- 
straint. He  called  vigorously  to  his  friends 
near  by  to  drag  him  back,  and  this  alone  saved 
him  from  the  deed.  While,  however,  such 
impulses  are  frequent,  we  believe  they  do  not 
trouble  the  peace  of  mind  of  the  majority. 
Such  as  have  them  should  strengthen  their 
nervous  systems  by  culture,  strengthen  their 
wills,  and  take  good  care  of  their  brains. — 
1L  raid  of  Health. 

Caught  in  the  Quick-sands. — The  numerous 
quick-sands  of  the  Missouri,  Platte,  and  other 
Western  rivers,  are  exceedingly  treacherous 
and  dangerous.  Every  year  many  cattle  and 
some  horsos  and  swine  "go  through,"  as  the 
expression  is,  and  disappear.  Immediately 
following  the  fall  of  the  section  of  the  great 
bridge  spanning  the  Missouri  at  Omaha",  the 
necessary  grappling  irons  were  brought  into 
play  for  its  recovery.  But  no  traces  of  the 
missing  section  could  be  found.  Tbe  vast 
structure  had,  in  a  few  hours'  time,  sunk  in 
the  sands  (if  the  river  bottom,  beyond  all  reach 
or  hope  of  raising.  One  night,  a  waterspout 
carried  away  the  Kansas  and  Pacific  railroad 
bridge  over  the  Kiowa  Creek,  fifty  miles  this 
side  of  Denver.  The  next  train,  comprising 
an  engine  and  freight  cars,  was  precipitated 
into  the  quick-sands  beneath,  killing  the -en- 
gineer. Prom  Lawrence,  Kansas,  hundreds 
of  miles  away,  a  large  gang  of  laborers  were 
forthwith  dispatched  to  the  scene  of  the  dis- 
aster. When,  four  months  later,  I  visited  the 
spot,  they  had  fished  out  the  cars,  but  were 


still  soundingfortheengine  with  poles,  which, 
though  of  immense  length,  were  not  long 
long  enough  to  discover  the  object  of  their 
search.  One  July  morning,  Howard  Ken- 
nedy and  the  writer  thought  to  ford  the  tur- 
gid Platte  at  Ogallala,  Neb.,  to  one  of  the 
large  cattle  drives,  stretching  for  miles  over 
the  prairie  south  of  Ogallala.  A  daring  fel- 
low named  Leech  led  us  across  the  treacher- 
ous river,  now  considerably  swollen  by  recent 
rains.  We  rode  three  Indian  ponies,  the, 
writer  bringing  up  the  rear.  Tbe  horses 
plunged  boldly  in,  and  were  soon  struggling  I 
with  the  down  current.  One  third  of  the 
way  across,  and  the  water  covered  our  saddle- 
girths.  Kennedy  and  the  writer  looked  wist- 
fully back,  but  were  cheered  on  bj'  Leech's 
assurances  that  there  was  no  danger  if  we 
followed  close  after  him.  Soon  I  could  feel 
my  animal  sinking.  He  made  three  or  four 
steps  forward,  and  then  refused,  in  spite  of 
tongue  and  whip-lashing,  to  advance  farther. 
Apparently  the  bruto  had  resigned  himself  to 
going  down  and  carrying  his  rider  with  him. 
To  my  calls  for  assistance,  Leech  quickly 
turned  back  and  with  a  good  deal  of  dexter- 
ous pulling,  extracted  the  animal  after  all  but 
ears  and  rump  bad  disappeared  under  tbe 
water.  It  was  a  ludicrous  and  trying  scene,] 
but  perhaps  the  most  provoking  part  of  all. 
was  the  unconcern  manifested  by  the  animal 
as  to  whether  he  went  over  or  went  under.  | 
It  is  unnecessary  to  add  that  in  recrossing  the  ] 
Platte  we  closely  adhered  to  the  instructions 
of  Leech. — American  Agriculturist. 

Egyptian  Excavations. — Zoan  was  at  one' 
time  tbe  chief  city  in  the  delta  of  the  Nile, 
the  place  where  tho  Pharaoh  of  Joseph  lived, 
and  which  was  restored  by  Kameses  II., 
through  the  forced  labor  of  the  Hebrews.  It 
abounds  in  various  monuments,  numbers  of 
which  just  appear  above  the  surface.  The 
work  of  excavating  these,  has  been  placed  in 
the  hands  of  Naville,  an  eminent  Swiss  Egyp- 
tologist, and  very  interesting  results  arc' 
hoped  for. 

Night-ca}-)S  and  Dreams.— Dr.  Granville,  in 
the  London  Times,  says  that  in  sleeping  with 
the  head  uncovered  in  cold  weather,  more  of 
the  blood  is  thrown  from  the  surface  into  the 
brain,  which  produces  wakefulness  or  dreams. 
He  thinks  that  protecting  the  surface  of  the 
head  will  have  a  tendency  to  promote  sleep 
and  to  prevent  dreamings. 

A  Long  Sleep. — A  desert  snail  was  brought 
from  Egypt  to  England  as  a  conchological 
specimen  in  the  year  1846.  This  particular 
mollnsk,  at  the  time  of  his  arrival  in  London, 
was  really  alive  and  vigorous,  but  as  the  au- 
thorities of  the  British  Museum,  to  whose 
care  he  was  consigned,  were  ignorant  of  this, J 
he  was  gummed,  mouth  downward,  on  to  a 
piece  of  cardboard,  and  duly  labeled  and1 
dated  with  scientific  accuracy,  "  Helix  deser-\ 
torum,  March  25,  1846."  Every  conchologist 
takes  it  for  granted,  of  course,  that  the  shells 
which  he  receives  from  foreign  parts  have 
had  their  inhabitants  properly  boiled  and  ex-j 
traded  before  being  exported  ;  for  it  is  only 
the  mere  outer  shell  or  skeleton  of  the  animal 
that  we  preserve  in  our  cabinets.  On  [3rd  I 
mo.]  7th,  1850,  nearly  four  years  later,  it  was  J 
casually  observed  that  the  card  on  which  he I 
reposed  was  slightly  discolored  ;  and  this  dis- 
covery led  to  the  suspicion  that  perhaps  a 
living  animal  might  be  temporarily  immured 
within  that  papery  tomb.  The  museum  au- 
thorities accordingly  ordered  a  warm  bath, 


upon  which  the  snail,  waking  up  at  the  tou 
of  the  familiar  moisture,  put  his  head  ce 
tiousty  out  of  his  shell  and  walked  up  to  t 
top  of  the  basin. — Cornhill  Magazine. 

Frogs  as  Food. — In  some  portions  of  II 
rope  frogs  have  long  been  an  article  of  dil 
but  a  few  years  ago  frogs'  legs  were  a  ral 
dish  in  the  western  world.  Now  it  is  statl 
that  they  are  regularly  served  in  hotels  a| 
restaurants  at  Boston,  while  a  considerat] 
number  are  also  sold  for  family  use.  Fr<| 
catching  and  preparing  for  market  has  no] 
in  fact,  become  a  recognized  business.  Be 
ton  is  supplied  from  the  adjacent  count 
towns,  from  Cape  Cod,  from  Maine,  and  oth 
places.  The  Maine  frogs  are  kept  in  fret 
water  until  needed,  and  then  shipped  alive 
crates,  provided  with  wet  moss  or  sea-wee 
At  Cape  Cod  the  men  engaged  in  the  fri 
business  employ  boys  to  catch  the  frogs,  ai 
have  a  number  of  ponds  penned  up.  O; 
frog-catcher  alone  sends  from  50  to  100  dozi 
per  week  to  the  New  Orleans  market,  whe 
also  a  great  trade  is  done.  In  this  southei 
city  the  demand  is  greater  than  the  suppl 
In  the  Massachusetts  market  prices  ranj 
from  30  cents  to  50  cents  per  dozen,  and  som 
times  higher,  according  to  size  and  qualit 
Canada  used  to  ship  the  frogs'  legs  packed 
ice,  and  to  supply  the  Boston  market  almo 
wholly  a  few  years  ago,  but  the  competitic 
of  the  domestic  article  has  driven  the  foreig 
out  of  the  market,  and  the  Canadians  noi 
ship  wholly  to  New  York  City.  All  kinds  | 
frogs  are  eaten,  but  the  speckled  frog  is  Bflj 
to  be  tho  most  tender.  Frogs  have  recent! 
been  shipped  alive  to  England  by  a  Bostc 
dealer,  and  it  is  considered  possible  that  a, 
export  business  may  be  developed,  as  the  buij 
frog  is  not  an  inhabitant  of  British  waters. 

Items. 

— Duelling.— John  S.  Wise,  of  Virginia,  has  I 
cently  published  a  letter  in  which  he  declares  th 
lie  will  not  hereafter  fight  a  duel.  He  says :  "  Henc 
forth,  I  wish  it  publicly  understood  that  I  will  n 
fight  a  duel  or  be  party  to  one.  I  make  this  deelar 
tion  public  because  some  persons  may  expect  me 
resent  several  assaults  of  late  appearing  in  new 
papers.  Time  has  been  when  I  might  have  be< 
fool  enough  to  indulge  in  such  folly,  but,  with  ■ 
and  a  broader  view  of  life  and  its  responsibility 
and  duties,  I  have  bidden  farewell  forever  to  th: 
type  of  manhood.  What  people  may  think  of  ir 
courage,  by  reason  of  this  letter,  I  cannot  say.  . 
they  do  not  think  me  courageous,  duelling  woul 
never  convince  them.  I  know  what  my  friends  wi 
say.  I  sometimes  think  I  would  rather  risk  tl 
charge  of  cowardice  than  that  of  murder." 

— "  lie  not  conformed  to  this  world." — A  late  pap] 
speaks  of  a  social  evening  gathering  of  "Sunda 
School  Teachers"  at  Winnipeg,  .Manitoba,  which 
thus  described:  "The  meeting  opened  with  prayc 
and  singing,  after  which  the  guests  partook  of  coift 
ami  cake.  Dancing  followed,  and  then  the  pan 
settled  down  to  a  quiet  game  of  euchre  and  whia 
After  the  night  was  far  spent  and  the  dawn  was  ! 
hand.  Mr.  Richardson  proposed  that  they  should  a 
unite  in  singing  a  hymn,  '  Sun  of  my  Soul,  Tho 
Saviour  Dear."  This  was  done,  and  the  guests  d( 
parted,  well  pleased  with  the  night's  entertainment. 

Surely  such  proceedings  are  calculated  t 
bring  contempt  on  those  who  act  so  inconsis' 
ently  with  their  profession,  and  to  strcngthc 
the  hands  of  the  enemies  of  religion. 

— Kissing  the  toe  of  St.  Peter. — A  writer  in  Tl 
Hritis/i  Friend  savs,  "  No  more  melancholy  satire  o 
the  vanity  of  human  ambition  and  of  human  adult 

tion  COUld  be  found  than  is  contained  within  tl] 
walls  of  this  great  temple  .Saint  Peter's  at  Rome 
dedicated  to  tho  poor  fisherman  of  Galilee.    Clos 


THE    FRIEND. 


ler  the  great  dome  is  placed  a  bronze  figure  of 
saint  in  a  sitting  attitude.  It  is  apparently  a 
nt  with  every  devout  Catholic  who  enters  the 
lding  to  go  up  and  kiss  the  right  toe  of  this 
ire.  Morning,  noon  and  night,  so  long  as  the 
lilding]  stands  open,  there  is  a  constant  stream  of 
otees  who  seem  to  have  this  one  object  in  view, 
ere  is  no  respect  of  persons,  for  rich  and  poor 
Ee  make  their  devotion  to  the  memory  of  the 
it  in  the  same  fashion.  The  better-dressed  class 
people  not  unfrequently  took  the  precaution,  we 
erved,  to  wipe  the  toe  with  the  handkerchief  be- 
?  kissing  it." 

e  believe  it  would  be  difficult  to  draw  a 
ar  line  of  distinction  between  this  homage 
an  image  (idol)  of  the  apostle  Peter,  and 
s  idolatrous  worship  of  Hindoos  and  Pa- 
.  It  seems  to  be  a  violation  of  the  Scrip- 
command,  "  Thou  shalt  worship  the  Lord 
7  God,  and  Him  only  shalt  thou  serve." 
>•  his  lifetime,  Peter,  as  well  as  the  other 
jstles,  was  very  careful  to  turn  the  atten- 
n  of  the  people  from  himself  to  our  Lord 
jus  Christ,  as  the  one  by  whose  power  and 
whose  name  all  his  worth}'  deeds  were 
ought.  The  same  humility  which  led  him 
gay  to  the  people,  after  the  healing  of  the 
ne  man,  "Why  look  ye  so  earnestly  on  us, 
though  by  our  own  power  or  holiness  we 
1  made  this  man  to  walk  ?"  would  be 
eved  at  such  error  as  is  manifested  in  the 
ave  account. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FOURTH  MONTH  19,  1884. 


world  would  disappear.  Being  led  by  the 
same  Spirit,  men  would  be  taught  the  same 
things.  The  Spirit  which  inspired  holy  men 
of  old  to  write  the  Scriptures,  wotdd  gradu- 
ally unfold  their  real  force  and  meaning  to 
the  obedient  disciples  now.  Having  experi- 
enced the  terrors  of  the  Lord  for  disobedience 
to  Divine  requirings,  and  being  led  to  beg 
for  forgiveness,  and  made  willing  to  forsake 
their  sins;  they  would  be  prepared  to  under- 
stand the  necessity  and  meaning  of  "  repent- 
ance towards  God,  and  faith  towards  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ."  And  so  also  they  would  come 
to  know  what  is  meant,  by  "  the  peace  of  God 
which  passetb  all  understanding;"  and  by  the 
various  states  and  experiences  recorded  of  the 
saints  in  former  days.  Eobert  Barclay  testi- 
fies, that  as  he  gave  way  unto  the  Divine 
Power,  he  felt  the  evil  weakening  in  him  and 
the  good  raised  up  ;  and  he  adds,  "  This  is  the 
surest  way  to  become  a  Christian,  to  whom 
afterwards  the  knowledge  and  understanding 
of  principles  will  not  be  wanting,  but  will 
grow  up  so  much  as  is  needful  as  the  natural 
fruit  of  this  good  root,  and  such  a  knowledge 
will  not  be  barren  nor  unfruitful."  Veri- 
similar is  the  testimony  of  William  Penn, 
who  speaks  of  the  Light  of  Christ  in  man,  as 
the  root  of  the  goodly  tree  of  doctrines 
preached  by  our  early  Friends — -which  "grew 
and  branched  out  from  it." 

But  men  have  not  been  contented  with  this 
simple  and  humble  way  of  learning  doctrines, 
but  have  exercised  their  wits  in  deep  ami 
fined  speculations  on  religious  subjects  ;  and 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — A  sub-committee  of  the  House 
Judiciary  Committee  has  agreed  upon  a  joint  resolution 
proposing  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  as  follows:  "The  legislative  powers 
granted  to  Congress  by  the  Constitution  shall  not  be 
construed  to  include  the  power  to  pass  any  law  making 
anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment 
of  debts,  except  after  a  declaration  of  war  or  in  case  of 
rebellion  or  invasion,  when  the  public  safely  may  de- 
mand it." 

On  Fifth-day  the  10th  instant,  a  delegation  of  Osage 
Indians  called  at  the  Interior  Department  in  Washing- 
ton and  protested  against  the  clause  of  the  Indian  bill 
concerning  the  allotments  in  severalty  of  land  to  their 
tribe.  They  prefer  to  hold  their  lands  in  their  tribal 
capacity.  After  hearing  their  arguments  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Indian  Affairs  consented  to  recommend  to 
Congress  a  suitable  change  in  the  appropriation  bill. 

Our  total  exports  of  domestic  breadstuff's  during  last 
month  amounted  in  value  to  $10,458,  406,  against  $17,- 
841,882  in  3rd  month,  1883;  and  for  the  nine  months 
which  ended  on  3rd  month  31st  last  they  amounted  to 
$120,798,040,  against  $167,273,025  during  the  corre- 
sponding period  of  the  previous  year. 

The  Fourth  month  returns  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  show  the  area  of  winter  wheat  to  be  about 
27,600,000  acres,  nearly  the  breadth  of  last  year's  crop. 
The  condition  of  the  wheat  averages  95,  against  80  in 
4lh  month,  1883. 

Our  exports  of  dairy  products  for  the  eleven  months 
which  ended  3rd  mo.  31st,  amounted  in  value  to  $12,- 
093,972,  against  $15,204,043  during  the  corresponding 
period  of  the  preceding  year.  Our  exports  of  beef  and 
pork  products  for  the  five  months  which  ended  3d  mo. 
31st,  were  valued  at  $48,048,900,  against  $38,421,000 
during  the  corresponding  period  of  last  year. 

It  is  calculated  that  there  are  now  residing  in  the 
United  States  nearly  a  thousand  Japanese,  and  of  this 
number  it  is  said  that  not  one  has  ever  been  convicted 
of  any  criminal  offence  in  an  American  court. 

Experiments  were  made  on  Seventh-day  last  at  Fort 


The  revelations  of  the  Spirit,  and  its  work 
e  heart  are  the  foundation  of  all  per- 
lal  knowledge  of  religion.  These  revela- 
ns  and  this  work  prepare  man  to  under- 
md  by  experience  those  mysteries  which 
nnot  be  comprehended  by  reason  alone. 
lis  is  implied  in  the  Scripture  declaration, 
le  that  doeth  the  will  shall  know  of  th 
ctrine."  The  exhortations  of  Christ  to  his 
iciples  were  mostly  of  a  very  plain  and 
actical  character — as  may  be  seen  in  the 
rmon  on  the  Mount.  There  is  no  surer 
y  to  become  wise  in  all  that  relates  to 
vation,  than  to  endeavor  honestly  to  live 
accordance  with  the  directions  given  there- 
This  would,  in  effect,  be  walking  in  the 
glit  of  Christ;  for  the  Spirit  of  Christ  leads 
i  obedient  followers,  even  those  of  them  who 
ly  not  be  familiar  with  his  outward  decla- 
tions,  into  the  self-restraint,  purity,  love, 
d  other  holy  qualities,  which  He  enjoined, 
ten  personally  on  earth.  To  those  who 
us  walk  in  the  obedience  of  faith,  through 
3  power  received  from  Him,  He  will  make 
own  his  will,  and  will  open  unto  their 
derstandings  the  mysteries  of  the  kingdom 
Heaven,  as  they  are  prepared  to  receive 
em,  and  as  He  sees  to  be  needful  for  them. 
Those  who  walk  in  this  highway  of  holi- 
ss,  being  led  by  the  same  Spirit,  and  being 
ildren  of  the-  same  Father  in  Heaven,  are 
iritually  related,  and  are  in  practical  unit}' 
th  one  another.  They  may  differ  in  degrees 
experience  and  knowledge — but  they  ave 
building  on  the  same  foundation — even  on 
3  revelation  of  Christ  Jesus  in  their  own 
uls.  If  all  who  name  the  name  of  Christ 
sre  concerned  to  build  on  this  foundation, 
3  believe  much  of  the  disputes  and  diversity 
sentiment  which  prevail  in  the  Christian 


thus  have  built  up  elaborate  systems  of  the-  Hamilton,  New  York,  with  a  4-inch  air  gun,  designed 
ology  by  the  powers  of  their  natural  under-  ZZ^XT^T^e  th™'"  flTyZ£ 
standing.  These  human  conclusions  have  slriking  within  four  feet  of  the  object  aimed  at.  A  six- 
ever  been  a  fruitful  source  of  unprofitable  inch  gun  is  to  be  tried,  which,  it  is  said,  will  project  a 
dispute  in  the  Christian  world.  Nor  is  this  cartridge  three  miles.  The  cartridges  will  hold  25  to 
surprising;  for  the  human  mind  is  so  consti- 
tuted, so  acted  upon  by  various  subtle  influ- 
ences, that  in  matters  of  mere  opinion  there 
will  always  be  great  differences  among  men. 
And  as  opinions  merely,  William  Penn  defines 
all  those  propositions  in  regard  to  doctrines 
or  articles  of  faith,  "  which  either  are  not  ex- 
pressly laid  down  in  Scripture,  or  not  so  evi- 
dently deducible  from  Scripture,  as  to  leave 
no  occasion  of  doubt  of  the  truth  of  them  in 
their  minds  who  sincerely  and  reverently  be- 

ieve  the  text;  or,  lastly,  such  as  have  no  new 
or  credible  revelation  to  vouch  them."  The 
great  difficulty  with  many  theologians  is,  that 
they  teach  for  doctrine,  the  traditions  and 
commandments  of  men. 

We  have  been  led  into  these  reflections  by 
the  recent  publication  of  a  "  statement  of  doc- 
trine," drawn  up  by  a  commission  of  twenty- 
two  Congregational  ministers,  appointed  at 

the  National  Congregational  Council  held  at 
St.  Louis  in  1880.  While  it  contains  some 
statements  which  we  can  regard  only  as 
opinions,  (and  with  which  our  own  opinions 
do  not  coincide,)  yet  it  is  more  than  usually 
clear  of  the   "doubtful    disputation"   which 

forms  the  basis  of  much  controversial  writing. 


The  coming  week  is  the  time  appointed  for 
holding  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia. 
These  annual  gatherings  of  the  church  are 
serious  and  important  opportunities;  and  can 
scarcely  fail  to  awaken  in  the  minds  of  those 
of  oar  members  who  love  the  Lord  in  sincerity, 
warm  desires  that,  through  the  blessing  of  our 
holy  Head,  they  may  be  made  profitable  in 
promoting  His  kingdom  among  men. 


100  pounds  of  dynamite — enough  to  sink  in  an  instant 
any  ship  struck. 

It  is  reported  that  a  new  geyser  basin  has  been  dis- 
covered on  the  east  side  of  the  Yellowstone  river,  ten 
miles  south  of  the  petrified  forest. 

The  condition  of  the  wheat  in  Michigan  is  reported 
to  be  nearly  7  per  cent,  better  than  last  year.  The  yield 
of  wheat  in  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys, 
California,  promises  to  be  60  per  cent,  greater  than  last 
year  if  the  grain  escapes  the  hot  winds  of  5th  and  6th 
months. 

Dr.  Salmon,  Veterinarian  of  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
ment, has  returned  to  Washington,  and  made  a  pre- 
liminary report  on  the  alleged  foot  and  mouth  disease, 
which  he  has  been  investigating  in  Kansas  and  other 
Western  States.  He  finds  that  the  malady  which  re- 
sembled the  foot  and  mouth  disease  was  not  that  con- 
tagion, but  resulted  from  local  condition,  such  as  the 
prolonged  cold  weather  and  the  feeding  of  the  cattle  on 
ergutized  rye. 

The  Wyoming  Stock  Growers'  Association,  in  session 
at  Cheyenne  on  the  8th  instant,  received  a  report  from 
the  Territorial  Veterinarian.  He  says  that  no  con- 
tagions diseases  exist  within  the  limits  of  Wyoming, 
Colorado,  Nebraska  or  Montana;  deprecates  the  impor- 
tation of  Texas  cattle  into  the  Territories  by  rail  ;  urges 
the  Association  to  adopt  measures  to  prevent  such  im- 
portation, and  endorses  the  Pleuro-pneuiuonia  bill. 

A  bill  passed  by  the  Ohio  Legislature  repealing  the 
local  option  feature  of  the  Scott  Liquor  Act  has  become 
a  law. 

Despatches  from  Delaware  show  that  the  peach  buds 
have  not  been  injured  by  the  recent  snow  storm  and 
cold. 

On  First-day  last— the  day  called  Easter— and  on  the 
previous  day,  in  this  city  there  were  349  arrests  made 
by  the  police  for  drunkenness  and  breach  of  the  peace. 
A  number  of  serious  affrays  occurred,  in  which  knives 
and  pistols  were  used. 

The  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  numbered  404, 
which  was  2  mora  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
13  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number,  2C6  were  males  and  198  females : 
57  died  of  consumption;  28  of  pneumonia;  23  of  con- 
vulsions; 18  of  meningitis;  18  of  marasmus;  21  of 
paralysis;   16  of  old  age;   16  of  inflammation  of  the 


296 


THE    FRIEND. 


stomach  and  bowels,  and  10  of  Bright' s  disease  of  the 
kidneys. 

Markets,  4c— U.  S.  4J's,  113J-;  4's,  124;  3's,  lOlf ; 
currency  6's,  129  a  139. 

Cotton  continues  in  fair  demand  and  was  firmly  held. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12  a  12]-  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8}  a  %\  cts.  for  export, 
and  9J  a  9^  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  quiet  but  prices  were  unchanged.  Sales 
of  1650  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  §4.75  a 
$5.75;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75  ;  western 
do.  at  $5  a  $5.75,  and  patents  at  »5.90  a  $6.50.  Eye 
flour  was  steady  at  $3.40  a  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  lirmly  held  at  the  close.  About 
7000  bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at 
S1.12J  a  $1.13;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.13£;  No.  2  at  $1  a 
$1.13  per  bushel,  the  latter  rale  for  Delaware;  and 
No.  3  red  at  85  cts.  per  bushel,  and  No.  2  red  at  98  cts.  a 
$1.01  4th  mo.,  $1,001  »  Sl.Oli  5th  mo.,  $1.02?  a  $1.03 
6th  mo,  and  $1.02;  a  $1.03  7th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots 
were  firm  :  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  56  a  57  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow  ;  53  a  55  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  10,000  bushels  sail  mixed 
at  53  a  54  cts.  4th  mo.,  54J  a  54$  cts.  5th  mo.,  S5£  a  56J 
cts.  6th  mo.,  and  57  a  57?  cts.  7th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots 
were  lirmly  held.  About  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  39 
a  41  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2 
white  at  40  a  41  cts.  4th  uoo.,  40  a  40J  cts.  5th  mo., 
40  a  40  J  cts.  6th  mo.,  and  40  a  41  cts.  7th  mo.  Kye 
was  unchanged. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  4th 
mo.  12th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  338  ;  loads  of  straw,  67. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.00  a 
$1.10  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  90  cts.  a  $1  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Foreign. — A  Company  has  been  formed  to  work  a 
sugar  factory  at  Lavenham,  and  revive  the  beet  sugar 
industry  in  England.  An  output  of  17,000  tons  is  ex- 
pected the  first  year.  At  the  inaugural  dinner  given 
by  the  Company,  Sir  Lyon  Playfair  made  a  speech,  in 
the  course  of  which  he  said  the  Company  had  nothing 
to  fear  from  American  competition. 

Several  months  ago  Sir  William  Harconrt,  the  Home 
Secretary,  gave  notice  to  the  police  of  the  arrival  of  a 
dynamiter  in  England.  A  strict  watch  was  immedi- 
ately put  on  suspected  houses  in  this  and  other  cities, 
and  it  was  soon  discovered  that  a  man  named  Daily, 
alias  Denman,  who  answered  the  description  of  the 
dynamiter,  had  arrived  at  Birmingham  and  taken  lodg- 
ings in  a  suburb  with  a  clerk,  James  Egan.  On  the 
11th  instant  he  was  arrested  at  Birkenhead.  Three 
explosive  bombs  were  found  in  his  possession,  also 
several  bottles  containing  a  substance  believed  to  be 
nitro-glycerine.  Egan  was  arrested  in  Birmingham  on 
the  charge  of  being  an  accomplice  of  Daily  and  of  hav- 
ing explosives  in  his  house  for  an  unlawful  purpose. 
He  maintained  the  utmost  coolness,  and  had  nothing  to 
say.  On  the  next  day,  both  men  were  taken  before  the 
courts  and  held  for  trial.  A  great  sensation  has  been 
caused  at  Birmingham  by  the  arrests. 

Col.  Majendie  in  his  report  on  the  dynamite  attempts 
at  the  London  railway  stations,  says  :  "  There  never 
was  a  case  requiring  a  more  searching  examination.  A 
great  crime  was  planned,  the  results  of  which  were  es- 
caped by  only  a  slender  chain  of  what  it  would  be  pro- 
fane to  call  accidents."  He  says  that  the  clocks  used  in  ] 
the  infernal  machines  were  also  of  American  make,  and 
that  the  pistols  were  of  a  type  common  in  America. 
The  report  shows  that  liguin  dynamite  was  a  compo- 
nent of  the  infernal  machine  imported  into  Malta,  from 
Bavaria  in  1881  ;  that  it  was  the  agent  of  the  explosions 
in  Possil  Park,  Glasgow,  and  at  the  office  of  the  London 
Times  in  1883,  and  that  it  was  a  component  of  the  ma- 
chine found  in  Liverpool  in  1883,  and  of  the  cartridges 
found  in  the  Primrose  Hill  Tunnel  in  1st  month  last. 
The  whole  report  tends  to  show  that  the  weapon  of  the 
dynamiters  is  lignin  dynamite,  made  in  America. 

Paris,  Fourth  month  13th. — General  Millot  tele- 
graphs: "On  the  9th  instant  Hong-Hoa  was  bombarded 
for  six  hours.  The  Chinese  offered  no  resistance,  but 
evacuated  after  setting  fire  to  the  town,  which  is  now 
in  flames.  Part  of  the  Chinese  fled  to  Phulang  and 
part  to  Donvang  and  Tban-Hoa." 

The  latest  advices  from  Shanghai  report  a  serious 
political  crisis  at  Pekin.  The  Empress  has  publicly 
degraded  Prince  Kung  and  four  members  of  the  Privy 
Council.  They  were  stripped  of  all  their  honors  be- 
cause of  the  dilatory  manner  in  which  they  have  dealt 
with  Tonquin  affairs.  The  Marquis  Tseng  has  been 
summoned  to  Pekin  to  confer  with  the  Supreme  Coun- 
cil. He  is  not  recalled  in  disgrace.  It  is  expected 
that  he  will  return  to  England. 

The  ditlerences  between   Nubar  Pasha  and  Clifford 


Lloyd  have  been  arranged,  and  both  will  retain  office. 
Lloyd's  duties  will  henceforth  be  limited  to  the  func- 
tions of  Under  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  he  will  be 
purely  an  Egyptian  official. 

The  meeting  of  the  friendly  Sheikh  Morgbani  with 
the  followers  of  Osman  Digna  failed  to  accomplish  the 
desired  object,  owing  to  the  rumors  that  the  rebels  had 
captured  the  Egyptian  station  at  the  fifth  cataract  and 
that  Khartoum  had  fallen  into  their  hands. 

The  Porte  having  decided  to  put  the  new  tariff  into 
execution  on  6th  month  6th,  the  Governments  of  Eng- 
land, France,  <  lermany,  Russia,  Belgium  and  the  United 
States  have  informed  the  Porte  that  they  will  not  con- 
sent to  the  abolition  of  their  commercial  rights  under 
the  capitulation. 

Advices  received  in  London  on  the  9th  instant  from 
the  far  East  state  one-half  of  Mandalay,  the  capital  of 
Burmah,  a  city  of  9000  people,  has  been  destroyed  by 
fire. 

The  London  Times  has  a  special  despatch  from  Madrid 
which  speaks  as  follows  :  "The  signs  of  the  approach 
of  a  serious  economical  crisis  in  Cuba  are  daily  increas- 
ing. The  continuous  fall  in  the  price  of  sugar  is  bring- 
ing ruin  and  disaster.  Unless  radical  measures  of  relief 
are  speeedily  adopted  the  long-suffering  Cubans  will 
be  driven  to  courses  disastrous  for  all.  If  Cuba  is  to 
be  saved,  the  cost  of  living  must  be  reduced,  the  sys- 
tem of  administration  and  taxation  improved,  and  freer 
markets  obtained  for  her  products." 

The  news  has  been  received  in  Madrid  from  Cuba 
that  Aguero's  force  now  numbers  225  men.  Of  these, 
43  are  either  ex-chiefs  of  the  late  insurrection  in  Cuba, 
or  have  been  otherwise  identified  with  those  move- 
ments, and  the  balance  are  escaped  slaves.  Four 
plantations  in  Cuba  have  been  destroyed  by  Aguero. 

The  Chilian  Minister  to  France  received  on  4th 
month  10th  an  official  despatch  announcing  the  signa- 
ture of  a  treaty  of  peace  between  Chili  and  Bolivia,  in 
accordance  with  which  the  Bolivian  territory  occupied 
by  Chilians  is  to  remain  under  Chilian  laws,  and  trade 
between  Chili  and  Bolivia  is  to  be  free. 

J.  M.  Langston,  the  American  Minister  at  Port  an 
Prince,  has  demanded  of  the  Haytien  Government  the 
payment  of  §400,000,  as  an  indemnity  for  the  American 
losses  on  account  of  the  riots  last  9th  month,  or  the 
surrender  of  the  Mole  Saint  Nicholas  as  a  guarantee 
that  the  money  will  be  paid. 

The  German  claims  for  the  same  cause  amount  to 
$500,000,  the  French  claims  reach  an  equal  sum,  and 
the  English  claims  are  $250,000.  The  disturbance  on 
the  Santo  Domingo  frontier  have  led  to  the  departure 
of  Ovide  Carnem,  Minister  of  the  Interior,  for  an  inter- 
view with  the  Santo  Domingo  authorities. 

The  Haytien  Government  has  put  into  circulation 
the  dreaded  additional  $1,000,000  of  paper  money. 

From  the  Island  of  Saint  Croix  it  is  reported  that  in- 
cendiary fires  in  the  cane  fields  are  of  frequent  occur- 
rence. The  perpetrators  are  believed  to  be  laborers 
dissatisfied  with  their  wages. 

The  Island  of  Antigua  is  suffering  from  an  epidemic 
of  the  measles. 

Official  reports  for  last  year  state  that  13,348  laborers 
went  to  Panama  from  Jamaica,  and  only  4992  out  of 
this  number  returned. 

The  Dominion  Government  Inspector  of  Live  Stock 
has  lately  returned  from  La  Prairie  country,  and  reports 
that  four-fifths  of  the  sheep  in  that  country  are  infected 
with  disease,  and  that  a  strict  quarantine  of  the  infected 
districts  is  being  enforced. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Summer  Session  opens  on  Third-day,  the  6th  of 
Fifth  month.  Parents  and  others  intending  to  send 
pupils  to  the  School,  will  please  make  early  application 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Superintendent,  address 
Westlown  P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. ;  or  to  John  W.  Biddle, 
Treasurer,  No.  220  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philada. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  by  which  Friends 
attending  the  Yearly  Meeting  can  be  furnished  with 
simple  meals,  both  before  and  after  the  sittings  of  the 
meeting,  at  moderate  charge  (15  cents),  in  the  second- 
story  of  the  central  part  of  the  Arch  St.  Meeting-house. 
Meals  will  also  be  furnished  for  those  attending  the 
Meeting  for  Sufferings  and  Select  Meeting,  the  pre- 
ceding week. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

A  Stated  Meeting  of  the  Committee  having  charge 
of  the  Boarding  School  at  Westtown,  will  be  held  in 
Philadelphia  on  Seventh-day,  the  19th  instant,  at  2.30 
P.  M.  Wm.  Evans,  Clerk. 

4th  mo.  1884. 


The  Fifteenth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Indian  } 
Association  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeti 
will  be  held  at  Arch  St.  Meeting-house,  Philadclpli 
on  Fifth-day,  4th  month  24th,  1884,  at  8  P.  M. 

Friends  generally  are  invited  to  attend. 

Richard  Cadbury,  Clerk 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Association  of  Frier 
of  Philadelphia  and  its  vicinity,  for  the  relief  of  t 
Colored  Freedraen,  will  be  held  on  Second-day  eveni 
the  21st  inst.,  at  8  o'clock,  in  the  Committee-rooin 
Arch  street  meeting-house. 

All  interested  in  the  improvement  of  the  conditi 
of  the  colored  people  are  invited  to  attend. 

Philada.,  4th  mo.  10th,  1884. 

NOTICE 

TO  friends  desiring  to  attend  the  approachi: 
yearly  meeting. 

I  have  made  arrangements  with  the  Pennsylvar 
Railroad  Company,  so  that  Friends  living  near  the  $ 
lowing  railroads  can  come  to  Philadelphia  and  retu 
at  the  rate  of  2  cents  a  mile,  each  way.  By  applyi 
to  Jacob  Smedley,  304  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia,  ord< 
on  the  Ticket  Agents  will  be  furnished,  so  that  Frien 
can  come  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Divisic 
United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey  Division,  West  Jers 
Railroad,  Philadelphia  Wilmington  and  Baltimc 
Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Railroad. 

These  orders  are  free  of  cost.  They  simply  infoi 
the  Ticket  Agent,  at  whatever  station  they  are  present 
on  the  above  roads,  that  the  bearer  is  entitled  to  a  ticli 
to  Philadelphia  and  return  at  the  rate  of  2  cents  p 
mile.  These  tickets  will  be  good  from  4th  mo.  18th 
4th  mo.  28th,  inclusive.  Friends  will  require  an  ord 
each  time  they  purchase  a  ticket. 

Thomas  C.  Hogue,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Change  of  Treasurer. 

SSSf  Charles  J.  Allen,  having  resigned  the  Tre 
surersbip,  the  Committee  who  have  charge  of  t 
Boarding  School  have  appointed  John  W.  Biddle 
succeed  him,  to  enter  on  his  duties  on  the 7th  of  Four 
month.  On  and  after  that  date,  therefore,  the  busin< 
connected  with  the  Treasurership  of  the  Institution  w 
be  attended  to  by  him  at  his  office,  No.  220  S.  Four 
St..  second  story,  back  room,  and  not  at  304  Arch  St 

The  forwarding  of  packages  for  the  pupils  from  K 
304  Arch  St.,  has  been  dismntinued.     Parents  and  othe 

ho  may  have  occasion  to  send  packages  to  the  Schoi 

ill  in  future  please  send  them  nsfreiyht  or  by  ExPRE! 
direct  to  Westtown  Station,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

Philada.,  3rd  mo.  29th,  1884. 

Married,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,  Arch  strei 
Philadelphia,  on  the  10th  of  Fourth   month,   Edwai 

Lowry,  son  of  John  S.  and  Elizabeth  C.  Lowry,  ai 
Deborah  II.  Patterson,  daughter  of  Rachel  E.  ai 
the  lateTilman  Patterson,  both  members  of  the  Month 
Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia. 


Died,  at  his  residence  in  Edgniont,  Delaware  Ci 
Penna.,  1st  mo.  Sth,  1884,  Jesse  Yarnall,  a  merub 
of  Middletown  Particular  and  Chester  Monthly  Met 
ing  of  Friends,  in  the  75th  year  of  his  age. 

— ,  29th  of  2nd  month,  1884,  at  her  residence 
Northampton  Co.,  N.  O,  Elizabeth  P.  Peele,  in  tl 
75th  year  of  her  age,  an  esteemed  member  and  elder 
Kichsquare  Monthly   Meeting  of  Friends.     Althoug 

lied  very  suddenly  from  works  to  rewards,  her  friem 
and  relatives,  while  mourning  their  great  loss,  a. 
sweetly  assured  by  her  daily  life  of  humility,  puri 
and  Christian  integrity,  that  she  was  numbered  amor 
3  blessed  servants  whom  the  Master  wdien  I 
eometh  shall  find  watching.  Possessed  of  a  quick  u 
derstanding  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  having  rj 
"leart  established  with  grace,"  she  had  formally  yea 
stood  as  a  pillar  in  his  temple  ;  and  in  these  iatl 
years  of  shaking  and  proving,  she  remained  firm 
planted  upon  the  Foundation  which  is  laid  in  Zion- 
even  the  Rock,  Christ  Jesus— earnestly  advocating  tl 
principles  of  our  Society  in  their  primitive  purity;  oft< 
expressing  her  deep  conviction  of  their  rectitude,  ; 
being  the  principles  of  the  New  Testament.  And  i 
the   shackles   of   mortality    were    being    loosened,   In 

any  virtues  shone  with   increasing    brightness,  tin 

Ifilling  the  language  of  Solomon,  "The  path  of  tl 

3t  is  as  the  shining  light  that  shineth  more  and  mo 

i to  the  perfect  day." 

,  3rd  month  28th,  James  J.  Lord,  a  member 

Woodbury  Monthly  Meeting,  N.  J.,  in  the  81st  year 
his  age. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FOURTH  .MONTH  'J.',,   lssl. 


NO.    38. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  52.00  per  annum. 

ubscriplions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  tTP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

MOORESTOWN,   BORLINGTON   Co.,   N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  ma 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  ?gj.) 

"1806,  9th  month  14th.  At  their  First-day 
meeting;  many  of  their  sober  neighbors  com- 
n,  the  spring  of  the  gospel  was  opened, 
ind  its  glad  tidings  freely  proclaimed  amongst 
hem.  Dined  at  John  Cook's,  in  company 
vith  the  deputy  governor  of  Rhode  Island. 
le  beini^  a  man  of  quick  feelings,  his  heart 
yas  tendered,  and  a  desire  opened  to  receive 
Truth  in  the  simplicity  of  it;  but  he  loves 
(opularity,  and  is  easily  carried  away  by  the 
^ust  of  applause,  and  this  may  he  his  snare  ; 
Ve  parted  with  affection  and  pursued  our 
purney  to  Sommerset. 

"15th.  At  our  second  appointed  meeting; 
season  of  relief  of  strength  and  consolation 
i  my  mind,  and  of  tenderness  to  the  minds 
f  some  others. 

ISth.     At  Wickford  meeting;   a  time  of 
e  searching. 

19lh.  Had  an  appointed  meeting  at  South 
Kingston  ;  by  some  cause  the  work  of  the 
Jospel  was  greatly  impeded.  Dined,  and  in 
he  afternoon  went  to  another  appointed  meet- 
ng,  in  the  western  part  of  the  town,  which 
vas  also  a  deeply  trying  season. 
!  "20th.    Left  them  heavy  hearted,  under  an 

pressive  sense  of  a  great  want  of  true  zeal 
br  the  promotion  of  the  great  cause  of  Truth 
pon  the  earth.  There  were,  however,  some 
panting  souls  hungering  for  the  bread  of  life, 
Bth  whom  we  mingled  the  feeling  of  sym 
lathy.  Went  to  a  village  not  far  distant,  and 
ttended  an  appointed  meeting  held  in  a 
ourt-house.  The  place  was  called  Little  Rest. 
Che  priest,  with  a  pretty  large  collection  of 
>eople,  came  together  on  the  occasion.  It 
vas  not  a  time  of  very  free  communication, 
hough  the  priest,  who  dined  with  us,  spoke 
n  commendation  of  it.  Rode  home  with  John 
jangford,  to  Greenwich,  who  had  been  with 
is  several  days. 

"21st.  Attended  Cranston  First-day  meet- 
jag,  and  had  to  hold  up  the  expediency  of 
jeing  willing  to  suffer  in  order  to  attain  to  a 
)erfect  state  of  rest.  It  brought  peace  to  my 
Bind. 

"23rd.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  Foster. 

"  24th.  Attended  Providence  Monthly  Meet- 
ng.     Suffering  again  with  the  seed. 

"25th.  Went  to  Wainsoaket,  and  sat  with 
?riends  in  their  Monthly  Meeting.     It  was  a 


veiy  relieving  season  to  me.     My  public  ap-  some  unusual  intervention.     This  has  man} 


pearances  were  short,  but  I  found  every  act 
of  obedience  brought  its  own  reward;  and 
ray  heart  would  often  bow  in  gratitude  to  the 
giver  of  ever}'  good  gift. 

"  2(jth.  At  F/xbridge  Monthly  Meeting. 
Again  in  suffering;  but  renewed  dedication 
brought  some  relief.  Ah  !  how  trying  to  be 
baptized  and  re  baptized  for  the  dead. 

"27th.  At  an  appointed  meetingat  Mendon. 
It  was  not  a  time  of  abounding  in  strength, 
but  satisfactory,  yielding  a  ray  of  comfort. 
28th.    At  their  First-day  meeting  in  edge 


times  had  a  stimulating  effect  on  my  mind,  by 
way  of  encouragement,  in  the  performance  of 
my  religious  duties;  and  probably  the  same 
effect  has  been  experienced  in  the  minds  of 
others.  I  have  felt  very  tenderly  for  such,  in 
their  solitary  allotments ;  and  have  faith  to 
believe  that,  as  they  faithfully  adhere  to  the 
dictates  of  a  pure  conscience  in  the  support 
of  this  important  testimony,  wherein  we  pub- 
licly avow  our  love  and  allegiance  to  Almighty 
God,  by  thus  meeting  together  to  worship 
Him,  the}-  will  in  no  wise  lose  their  reward. 


of  Foxborough  ;  the  gospel  of  life  and  salva-  "  The  meeting  we  came  to  attend  was  ap 
tion  flowed  freely  to  the  people,  and  brought  J  pointed  by  Thomas  Watson:  and  for  some 
inexpressible  consolation  to  my  mind,  under|time  it  was  truly  exercising.  Many  of  the 
which  my  soul  could  magnify  the  Lord,  and  neighbors  came  in,  and  we  had  not  been  long 
my  spirit  could  rejoice  in  God  ray  Saviour,  sitting  before  some  of  them  began  to  speak. 
Rode  to  Cumberland,  and  on  the  29th  had  an  What  they  professed  I  do  not  know.  Probably 
appointed  meeting;  a  season  of  renewed  they  were  such  as  are  apt  to  think  time  lost 
abasement.  Rode' to  Smithfield,  and  on  the  that  is  spent  in  silence  in  religious  meetings, 
30th  attended  an  appointed  meetingat  Lower  and  were  disposed  to  fill  the  vacant  moments. 
Smithfield.  The  circulation  of  life  much  ob-  Whatever  their  profession,  several  of  them 
strueted;  and  we  left  them  in  heaviness.  O,  spoke;  two  of  whom  seemed  to  speak  pretty 
the  contaminating  influence  of  the  love  of  the  well,  and  but  few  words.  One  present  con- 
world.  This  afternoon  we  rode  to  Glocester,  fessed  himself  to  have  been  a  great  sinner, 
and  10th  month  1st  were  at  their  mid-week  jand  what  a  mercy  it  was  heshould  be  brought 
meeting.     By  reasoning  and  delay  came  offjto  such  a  sense  of  it. 

with  loss.      "  "There  was  one  present  by  the  name  of 

"2nd.  Rode  to  Douglas  and  attended  their' Joseph  Newell,  spoke  three  times  at  con- 
mid-week  meeting  to  good  satisfaction.  Dined  [siderable  length,  and  was  very  vociferous, 
at  Asa  Potter's,  who  with  Jesse  Batty  and  [Whatever  might  be  his  motive  to  exert  him 
wife  Nancy  Batty  accompanied  us  to  North-  self  in  so  strenuous  a  manner,  his  passion: 


ncy  Batty  accompa 
bridge,  and  put  up  at  Obadiah  Wheeler's. 

"3rd.  Had  an  appointed  meeting  in  their 
meeting-house,  where  I  was  concerned  to 
refer  them  to  a  testimony  borne  in  that  house, 
or  in  that  place,  about  sixteen  years  ago,  at 
the  time  of  my  first  convincement,  and  when 
I  was  at  that  meeting,  by  that  worthy  servant 
Elizabeth  Drinker,  whose  memory  is  still  dear 
to  my  best  life;  and  who  though  dead  yet 
speaketh.  Concluding  my  own  communica- 
tion at  this  time  with  an  affectionate  address 
to  the  beloved  youth,  many  of  whom  were 
present.  Great  was  the  peace  to  my  own 
mind. 

"5th.  At  their  First-day  meeting  at  Lei- 
cester; a  season  of  deep  exercise  without 
much  relief. 

"  7th.  With  a  number  of  other  Friends  rode 
to  Swanzey,  and  attended  a  meeting  appoint- 
ed at  Jonas  Twitchell's  ;  whose  wife,  perhaps, 
is  the  only  member  of  our  Society  in  that 
town.  He  has  lately  requested  to  be  one. 
They  are  remotely  situated  from  any  meeting 
of  ours,  in  a  wilderness  country,  and  yet  we 
were  told  they  constantly  attend  the  meeting 
at  Richmond,  fourteen  miles  from  them. 

"This  appears  to  be  the  case  in  many  places. 
There  are  numerous  instances  of  Friends  set- 
tled on  farms,  and  otherwise,  as  their  out- 
ward avocations  seem  to  require,  from  four  to 
fifteen  miles  from  any  meeting  of  ours,  who 
are  conscientious  and  punctual  attenders  of 
all  their  stated  meetings  for  worship  and  the 
business  of  the  Society,  unless  hiudered  by 


passions 
were  wrought  up  to  a  very  high  pitch,  and 
he  went  on  as  if  to  prevail,  by  his  strenuous 
manner  of  speaking,  until  one  in  the  meeting 
by  a  word  put  him  to  silence,  and  then  ended 
the  whirlwind.  After  which  the  meeting 
terminated  to  pretty  good  satisfaction,  and 
many  were  tendered.  After  the  meeting, 
comforted  in  our  own  minds,  we  returned  to 
Richmond  and  put  up  at  Artimas  Bassett's.: 

"  8th.  Had  a  soul-solacing  meeting  at  Rich- 
mond, in  which  the  love  of  the  Gospel  had 
the  ascendency  over  all.  Blessed  be  the  name 
of  Israel's  God.  Put  up  at  Nathan  Harkness', 
where  wo  had  a  religious  interview  in  the 
evening. 

"  10th.  This  morning  heard  a  most  affect- 
ing relation  of  the  misconduct  and  fall  of  a 
Friend  from  Great  Britain,  in  this  country  on 
a  religious  visit.  The  account  was  produc- 
tive of  much  concern  on  my  mind  for  the 
cause  of  Truth.  Particularly  considering  tho 
enfeebled  state  of  Society.   . 

"  Impressed  with  apprehensions  concern- 
ing the  unskilful  management  we  are  liable 
to,  by  human  wisdom  and  inexperienced 
hands  assuming  the  reins  of  government  in 
important  cases  ;  whereby  we  are  exposed 
to  greater  danger,  and  more  unfavorable  ob- 
servations from  without  than  we  should  be 
were  the  government  left  to  prudent,  judi- 
cious and  experienced  Friends.  But  so  it  is, 
for  want  of  due  care,  we  lay  exposed  to  the 
ravages  of  the  adversary,  and  liable  to  fall 
into  cojifusion;  and  that  which  we  greatly. 


298 


THE    FRIEND. 


feared  overtakes  us,  and  we  become  ensnared 
and  fall;  being  taken  captive  by  him  at  bis 
will,  even  when  we  think  ourselves  guarding 
against  him.  Ah!  the  wily  serpent,  how  he 
twists  and  twines  I  I've  seen  his  shapes  ;  I've 
traced  his  dark  designs.  So  subtle  and  in- 
sinuating are  bis  transformations,  we  are  no 
longer  safe  than  while  on  our  guard,  watch- 
ing at  every  avenue  of  the  mind,  against  the 
entrance  of  him  who  is  seeking  to  lay  waste 
and  destroy;  lest  we  become  corrupted  from 
the  simplicity  that  is  in  Christ,  our  only  sure 
and  impregnable  defence  against  the  powerful 
assaults  of  the  assailant.  Oh  !  tell  it  not  in 
Gath,  nor  publish  it  in  the  streets  of  Askelon, 
lest  the  tincircumcised  rejoice  and  magnify 
themselves  over  the  sure  witness  for  God  in 
the  heart,  and  the  cause  of  Truth  he  dis- 
honored. But  let  each  individual  centre  to 
the  witness  of  God  in  his  own  heart,  and  let 
him  who  thinketh  he  standeth,  take  heed  lest 


Sunday,  when,  by  a  little  exertion,  they  can  I  defenders  of  that  which  is  indefensible,  wb 


hear  truth.  The  old  saying  must  never  bt 
forgotten,  'He  is  the  schismatic  who  causes 
the  schism.'" — Bishop  Ryle. 


The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non- Accord ancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian.  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  291.) 

The  second  theatre  defender  takes  a  more 
hopeful  view  of  stage  morals,  and  claims  that 
"  the  attendance  is  of  a  more  refined  class,  and 
far  larger  than  it  ever  was  before," — a  claim, 
as  to  the  latter  part,  which  though  unhappily 
too  true,  proves  nothing  as  to  the  righteous- 
ness of  the  thing  pleaded  for.  And  though  it 
be  said  that  the  English  sovereign  herself 
gives  countenance  to  the  stage,  and  has  chosen 
to  take  under  her  special  patronage  the  writer 
of  the  play  of  "Pinafore,"  yet  how  sorrowful 
he  fall.  Being  assured  that,  as  Jesus  Christ] the  reflection  that  the  Queen's  youngest  son, 
remains  to  be  thesame,  though  thousands  may  J  the  late  Prince  Leopold,  came  to  his  end  (if 
fall  on  the  right  hand  and  ten  thousands  on:  the  cable  dispatch  be  correct)  in  a  theatre 
the  left,  the  Truth  in  its  purity  and  efficacy  after  attendance  at  a  ball,  and  that  the  intel- 
is  the  same.  The  foundation  of  God  standeth  ligence  reached  his  oldest  brother,  the  Prince 
sure,  having  this  seal,  the  Lord  knoweth  them  of  Wales— a  notorious  theatre-goer— when  the 
that  are  his;  He  will  preserve  them  through  i  latter  was  present  at  a  race-course.  Neither 
all  the  vicissitudes  of  this  probationary  state,  regal  nor  refined  society  can  elevate  the  ball 
and  enable  them  to  sing  his  praise  on  the'and  the  theatre  above  the  low  place  where 
banks  of  deliverance,  and  magnify  the  arm  of  the  Bible  places  them. 

his  mercy.  |      In  stating  that  some  of  the  most  violent 

"Afternoon,  attended  an  appointed  meeting  enemies  of  the  stage  are  those  whose  sermons 
to  pretty  good  satisfaction,  and  on  the  11th  [are  rather  acted  than  preached;  whose  dis- 
rode  home.  On  the  way  my  mind  was  deeply  sertations  are  "often  greeted  with  unseemly 
and  solemnly  affected  with  the  sense  I  had  of  laughter  and  applause,  and  their  salaries  are 
the  conduct  and  lamentable  condition  of  (the [  regulated  by  the  success  they  achieve  in  draw- 
individual  alluded  to.)  I  could  but  deplore  ing  audiences,"  this  writer  conveys  a  reproof 
his  unhappy  case;  and  lament  the  loathsome  which  it  were  well  that  some  who  claim  to 
savor  likely  to  arise  from  such  an  event,  and  be  prophets  of  the  Most  High  should  heed, 
the  cause  given  for  unsubjugated  and  unsanc-  Further,  in  giving  expression  to  the  opinion 
tified  spirits  to  triumph  over  simplicity,  and;that  the  stage  does  no  more  than  is  done  by 
trample  upon  the  purity  of  that  principle  by]  works  of  fiction,  in  showing  up  wickedness, 
which  he  had  long  professed  to  have  been  he  only  places  the  two  in  that  near  connec- 
governed  ;  and  had  apparently  been  a  zealous  tion  which  Friends  have  always  claimed  that 
advocate  for;  and  the  cause  thereby  be  evil  they  occupied  ;  and  this  point  is  emphasized 
spoken  of.  |  when   he  alludes  to  the  character  of  some  of 

"On  my  arrival  home  found  all  well  except  the  fiction  to  be  found  in  "  Sunday  School" 
my  aged  grandmother,  who  had  died  in  my  libraries.  Here,  too,  are  stumbling  blocks 
absence. 

"  I  desire  duly  to  appreciate  every  blcssin_ 
of  Divine  preservation,  and  to  be  thankful  for 
every  favor  received.  Having  travelled  on 
this  journey,  including  that  to  the  Quarterly 
Meeting,  about  six  hundred  and  twenty-one 
miles — attending  thirty-one  meetings — I  can 
now  adopt  the  language  of  the  Psalmist  as 
being  applicable  to  the  present  state  of  my 
mind:  '  Eeturn  unto  thy  rest,  O  my  soul,  for 
the  Lord  hath  dealt  bountifully  with  thee.'  " 

(To  be   continued.) 


"Divisions  and  separations  are  most  objec- 
tionable in  religion.  They  weaken  the  cause 
of  true  Christianity.  The}*  give  occasion  to 
the  enemies  of  all  godliness  to  blaspheme. 
But  before  we  blamo  people  for  them,  we 
must  be  careful  that  wo  lay  the  blame  where 
it  is  deserved.  False  doctrine  and  heresy  are 
even  worse  than  schism.  If  people  separate 
themselves  from  teaching  which  is  positively 
false  and  unscriptural,  they  ought  to  be 
praised  rathor  than  reproved.  In  such  cases 
separation  is  a,  virtue  and  not  a  sin.  It  is  casj- 
to  make  sneering  remarks  about  'itching  ears' 
and  '  love  of  excitement,'  but  it  is  not  so  easy 
to  convince  a  plain  reader  of  the  Bible  that 
it  is  his  duty  to  hear  false  doctrines  every 


may  have  need,  above  many,  to  consider  thi 
Scripture  caution  that  "  be  that  diggeth  a  pi 
shall  fall  into  it,  and  whoso  breaketh  a  hedge 
a  serpent  shall  bite  him." 

One  of  the  latest  essays  upon  the  theatri 
is  an  82  page  tractate  entitled  "Plain  Talki 
about  the  Theatre,"  by  a  Presbyterian  minis 
ter,  Herrick  Johnson.  He  gives  a  brief  his 
torical  account  of  the  stage,  showing  how  thi 
law  of  deterioration,  as  to  dramatic  represen 
tations,  found  illustration  in  the  case  of  thi 
Greeks,  Romans  and  Hindoos,  and  afterward 
with  respect  to  the  modern  European  ant 
American  stage,  which  had  its  rise  during  tb< 
middle  ages.  Humbling  to  our  claim  to  su 
perior  civilization  and  morals,  is  his  affirma 
tion  that  neither  in  China  nor  Japan  ari 
women  allowed  to  perform.  H.  Johnson  alsi 
shows,  how  the  several  attempts  at  refbrma 
tion  of  the  theatre  in  England  and  Americs 
have  signally  failed,  the  efforts  being  spas 
modic  and  rendered  nugatory  by  the  popula 
demand  for  dramas  of  the  sensational  am 
better-paying  character;  and  he  hence  con 
eludes  that  "supported  by  the  record  of  thi 
past  and  present,  by  the  very  nature  of  the- 
atrical representations,  and  by  the  neeessitiei 
of  the  case,  the  stage,  as  an  institution;  ha, 
within  itself  the  seeds  of  corruption,  and  exist, 
only  under  a  law  of  degeneracy." 

Confirming  his  assertion  as  to  the  vilenesi 
of  the  very  largo  majority  of  stage  ph^s  bj 
specific  references  to  the  plots  of  a  number  o 
the  most  popular,  we  are  fully  prepared  t( 
conclude,  with  Wesley,  that  the  theatre  ii 
"the  sink  of  all  profaneness  and  debauchery,' 
or  with  Archbishop  Tillotson,  that  it  is  "thi 
devil's  chapel,  a  nursery  of  licentiousness  anc 
vice."  Vehement  in  bis  opposition  to  thi 
theatre  was  that  eminent  jurist,  Sir  Matthew 
Hale;  Wilberforee  was  equally  its  foe;  whilsi 
even  the  infidel  Rousseau  is  found  exclaiming 
— "  Where  would  be  the  prudent  mother  wbc 
would  dare  to  carry  her  daughter  to  thi.1 
dangerous  school?  and  what  respectable  wo 
man  would  not  think  herself  dishonored  bj 
going  there?"  To  which  I  add  this  faithful 
enunciation  of  our  Dr.  Rush, — "I  will  nevei 
which  the  professing  Church  of  Christ  ought'publish  to  the  world  by  going  to  the  theatre 
speedily  to  remove.  Ithat  I  think  Jesus  Christ  is  a  hard  masten 

ist  of  these  apologists  for  the  stage  and  religion  an  unsatisfying  portion,  which  ] 

Is' 


The 


makes  much  of  the  forbearance  of  pla3'\v 
and  stage  performers  in  not  "  showing"up" 
clergymen  of  proved  wickedness,  as  they  de- 
serve to  be,  arguing  from  thence  that  theatri- 
cal representations  and  the  actors  of  them 
should  be  handled  with  corresponding  lenity. 
It  seems  scarcely  worth  while  to  folTow  this 
pleader's  argument,  for  he,  like  Gibber  and 
Garriclc,  would  defend  the  acknowledged  im- 
moralities of  the  stage  upon  the  ground  of 
their  presentation  being  the  fault  of  the  pub- 
lic, in  clamoring  for  plays  of  the  most  debas- 
ing sort.  Nevertheless,  when  he  discourses 
of  the  high  intellectual  standard  and  pure 
moral  condition  of  the  "  legitimate"  stage,  in- 
stancing a  theatre  in  this  city  where  "  the 
stage  took  excellent  shape,"  I  am  enabled 
specifically  to  reply  (citing  a  memorandum 
of  some  years  since,  which  it  now  seems  sin- 
gular to  me  that  J  should  have  made) — "It 
was  publicly  stated  a  few  weeks  ago,  that  a 
play  had  just  been  enacted  at  the  theatre  of 
first  repute  in  this  city,  which,  some  years 
ago,  the  censors  of  even  the  city  of  Paris  re- 
fused to  license."  Clearly  it  cannot  be  safe 
to  follow  the  way  of  these  easy  advisers  and 


should  do  if  I  went  to  the  devil's  ground 
quest  of  happiness."* 

It  may  be  now  pertinent  to  say  something 
concerning  the  views  of  our  own  religious 
Society  upon  this  subject.  Thomas  Clarkson, 
an  Episcopalian,  having  given  in  extenso,  in 
his  "  Portraiture  of  Quakerism,"  the  reasons 
why  the  Friends  condemn  the  theatre,  sums 
up  the  argument  as  follows: 

"Here  we  arc  taught,  that,  though  dramatic 
pieces  had  no  censurable  origin,  the  best  of  the 
ancient  moralists  condemned  them.  Wo  are 
taught,  that  even  in  the  most  favorable  light 
in  which  we  can  view  them,  they  have  been 
thought  objectionable;  that  is,  that  where 
they  have  pretended  to  teach  morality,  they 
have  inculcated  rather  the  virtue  of  heathen- 
ism, than  the  strict,  though  mild,  morality  of 
the  Gospel;  and  where  they  havo  attempted 
to  extirpate  vice,  the}-  have  done  it  rather  by 
making  it  appear  ridiculous,  than  by  teaching 

*  To  an  excellent  tract  styled  "Can  I  Attend  the 
Theatre?"  by  A.  L.  O.  VV.,  published  by  the  American 
Tract  Society,  and  well-adapted  lor  general  circulation, 
I  am  indebted  for  the  above  quotations,  and  some  other 
matter  which  occurs  in  this  essav. 


THE    FRIEND. 


299 


men  to  avoid  it  as  evi 


for  the  love  of 


virtue.  We  are  taught  that,  as  it  is  our  duty 
to  love  our  neighbor  and  to  he  solicitous  for 
spiritual  welfare,  wo  ought  not,  under  a 
system  which  requires  simplicity  and  truth, 
to  encourage  him  to  be  what  he  is  not,  or  to 
personate  a  character  which  is  not  his  own. 
We  are  taught,  that  it  is  the  general  tendency 
of  the  diversions  of  the  stage,  by  holding  out 
false  morais  and  prospects,  to  weaken  the 
sinews  of  morality;  by  disqualifying  for  do- 
mestic enjoyments,  to  wean  from  a  love  of 
home;  by  accustoming  to  light  thoughts  and 
violent  excitements  of  the  passions,  to  unfit 
for  the  pleasures  of  religion.  We  are  taught 
that  diversions  of  this  nature  particularly 
fascinato  ;  and  that,  if  they  fascinate,  theysug- 
gest  repetitions.  And,  Anally,  we  are  taught 
that  the  early  Christians  on  their  conversion, 
though  before  this  time  they  had  followed 


of  appearing   differently  from  what  a 


•cally  is;  of  flying  into  a  passion  without  a 
cause,  and  of  saying  what  he  does  not  think 
as  naturally  as  if  he  really  did  :  in  a  word,  of 
forgetting  himself,  to  personate  others." 

Accompanying  this  personation  is  the  fre- 
quent profanity  involved,  in  word  and  in  atti- 
tude. A  lady  gave  this  as  the  immediate 
cause  impelling  her  to  renounce  the  theatre  : 
"As  she  beheld  actors  fall  upon  their  knees, 
and  in  simulated  devotion  offer  up  pikers  to 
Heaven,  a  revelation  of  both  subject  and  sur- 
roundings suddenly  flashed  upon  her." 

(To  be  continued.) 


I  Wish  I  Knew. 

The  following  incident  occured  at  Starks- 
boro  Monthly  Meeting,  Vt..  about  the  year 
1829  :  After  the  meeting  was  nearly  gathered, 


Joseph  Hoag,  from  Monkton,  several  miles 
distant,  as  he  was  occasionally  accustomed  to 
do,  came  in  and  took  his  seat  next  to  the 
head  of  the  meeting.  Not  very  long  after  the 
meeting  became  settled,  a  Friend   sitting  on 


Evil  Literature. 

I  have  known  many  parents  and  teachers 
argue  that  it  is  better  to  bring  the  young  ac- 
quainted with  our  standard  poets  and  prose 
authors,  of  a  worldly  cast,  while  they  are  yet 
under  careful  superintendence,  so  as  to  neu- 
tralize what  may  be  unprofitable  by  judicious 
remark.  Against  this,  two  reasons  have  pre- 
vailed with  me  to  exclude  from  my  book- 
shelves all  the  furniture  of  a  worldly  library, 
and  watch  against  its  introduction  from  other 
quarters.  One  is,  the  consideration  that  we 
are  not  authorized  to  calculate  on  the  con- 
tinuance of  any  creature's  mortal  existence; 
nor  can  we  ever  know  that  the  being  whom 
we  are  training  for  eternity,  will  not  be  called 
into  it  before  such  period  of  life  as  is  here  an- 
ticipated. In  such  a  case  how  sad  to  feel  that 
we  have  needlessly  forestalled  an  evil  day, 
and  even  momentarily  diverted  the  young 
spirit  from  a  sacred  path  ! 

The  other  consideration  is  this  ;  that  as  the 

flesh   and    the  devil   will   assuredly  do  their 

parts  without  help  from  me;  and  the  children 

this  world,  who  are  wiser  in  their  genera- 

ainly 

.   may  take  a  lesson  of  policy 

ade  a  few  comments  and  sat  from  them,  using  my  best  endeavors  to  pre- 


them  as  among  the  desirable  pleasures  of 
their  lives,  relinquished  them  on  the  prin- 
ciples now  explained." 

Upon  the  single  point  as  to  dissimulation 
and  opposition   to  truth   which   stage-acting 

involves-a  very  important  point,  indeed,  be-jthe  n,.st  facin£,  scat)  who  Bometime8  gave  us  ti(111  than  th0'chik 
cause  "without"  the  eternal  city  are  -  whoso-  g|10rt  exhortations,  arose,  repeated  a  passage  do  thc  Bame .   t 
ever  loveth  and  maketh  a  lie" — I  quote  from  Lf  gc.rjptu 

iarkson's  argument  in  full.  down.  joccupy  the  field  with  what  is  decidedly  good. 

They  [the  b  riends]  hold  it  also  to  be  con- 1     Almost  immediately  J.  Hoag  rose  and  said.  and  ^umbxy  hoping  tuat  the  seed  so  sown 

trary-to  the  spirit  of  Christianity.     For  men,ll(I  wish  x  knew  .  i  wiah  T  knew  .  and  j  wish|may]    tnr0Ugh    the   operation    of    the   Holy 

are  in  tro- 
th em  to  grow 

iexpress  noble  sentiments,  when  their  whole 'a"nd"evercisc  of  the  ministry  'Then  proceed-  ~~ 
lives  may  have    been    remarkable  for   then-  ed  t0  otber  subjects  in  his  plain,  close,  lively 
meanness,  and  go  often  afterwards  and  wallow  Lnfj  pertinent  manner. 

in  sensual  delights.    They  personate  the  virtu-  '    After  meeting  two  brothers  living  four  or 
>us  character  to-day,  and  perhaps  to-morrow  fiyo  mi|es  diatant,  neither  of  whose^  families 


who  personate  characters  in  this  way,  express,  ,e  knew,  when  they  ought  to  speak  and  s   n.it    take   root   before  the  ta 

joy  and  grief  when  in  reality  there  may  be      ,,cn  t,        should  be  siient,"-making  some  duced   leavi        littlo  room  for  tl 
Inone  of  these  feelings  in  their  hearts.     They  lurtncr  rcmarks  on  thc  right  qualification  fov\_<<lllir,,l(u,  fn-aieth 


Jaffray  writes  :  "  15th  January,  1CG0.  After 
much  striving  against  sin,  and  many  vows  and 
■  promises  for  amending  some  particular  evils, 
;in  which  I  find  Satan  prevail  against  me, 
; through  the  advantage  he  hath  from  my  na- 

a  to  converse  with  the  othw!"but  tUra-  te'"per  and  disP°siti?n'  tho  L,01'd  g*?° 
quires  simplicity  and  truth.  It  allows  no  man  ,  t  It  i  V  e  in  iu  re  "What  is '  me  in  some  measure  to  discern  where  the 
I  pretend1  to  be  what  he  is  not.     And  it  re-|7hf  ™\£ ££ thee f  ThSSn.'  that  fioSl*0)'."".   n&™[*l  »  ™^"™^ d,fe^ 


that  of  the  rake.     And,  in   the   latter  caso,|werc  members,  might  have  been   seen  walk 
they  utter  his  profligate  sentiments,  and  speak  |ing  demurely  homeward.     One  of  them  tried 


it 

words.  The  Quakers,  therefore, : 
that  they  cannot,  as  men  cithe 
Christian  tenets  or  Christian  lov 
"others  to  assume  false  characters,  or  to  per- 
sonate those  which  arc  not  their  own." 
.  In  another  place  Clarkson  says  respecting 
the  Friends  of  his  day:  "  I  know  of  no  people 
who  regard  truth  more  than  the  Quakers. 
-Their  whole  system  leads  and  directs  to  truth. 
One  of  the  peculiarities  of  their  language,  or 
their  rejection  of  many  of  tho  words  which 
other  people  use— because  they  consider  them 
as  not  religiously  appropriate  to  the  objects 
of  which  they  are  the  symbols — serves  as  a 
constant  admonition  to  them  to  speak  the 
truth." 

I  Tried  by  this  tenet,  therefore,  and  with  no 
need  to  seek  for  any  other  objection,  the 
"  false  frenzies"  of  stage-players  (as  Bernard 
styles  them)  must  be  abundantly  condemned 
by  those  claiming  fellowship  with  the  religious 
Society  of  Friends.  Indeed  it  was  very  much 
upon  this  ground  that,  four  and  twenty  cen- 
turies ago,  Solon  denounced  the  actor's  pro- 
fession, as  "  tending,  by  its  simulation  of  false 
character,  and  by  its  expression  of  sentiment 
not  genuine  or  sincere,  to  corrupt  the  integ- 
rity of  human  dealings."  Upon  the  same 
principle  did  Rousseau  frankly  condemn  the 
stage.  "  It  is,"  says  he,  "  the  art  of  dissimu 
lation  ;  of  assuming  a  foreign  character,  and 


....ly  been  a  tninKing 

^,o7es"i1n^i?°'",'oiterat^.hi8  ,bl'°th";!     "B^J  kn°Z\  By  doing  this  in   a   holy,  sober,  believing 

ncour  "e^'.r  "  s«meth,»«  th°  ™f tter  »nd  thou  mus  I  >        jf          j        d  ma>>  time8  insensibly 

"c  I  tell  me      Was  it  thou  whom    I.  Hoag  meant  I  «  rather  than  in  that  great  and 
?"     "  Well,    ho  said,  "  brother  Fzra,  it 


to-day 

I  must  tell  thee,  it  was  me,  and  that  is  just 
who  it  was,  and  that  is  what  so  vexes  me." 
Thc  passage  of  Scripture  I  quoted  came  into 
my  mind,' and  I  thought  /  wished  J  knew 
whether  I  ought  to  repeat  it.  As  it  kept 
coming  up  before  me  I  several  times  thought, 
I  wished  I  knew  whether  I  ought  to  stand  up 
and  repeat  it.  But,  finally,  I  concluded  that 
it  was  a  very  good  passage,  I  would  repeat  it 
anyway,  and  make  a  few  comments.  I  had 
no  sooner  sat  down,  than  Joseph  rose  and  told 
everybody  what  I  had  been  thinking.  And  I 
am  so  vexed  with  myself  that  I  let  the  devil 
ake  such  a  fool  of  me  !"  L.  T. 


Fact  is  not  always  truth.  To  quote  an- 
other's very  words  may  be  to  misrepresent 
him  totally.  To  testify  truly  of  his  very  acts, 
may  be  to  slander  him  baselessly.  The  rela- 
tions of  things  have  much  to  do  with  the 
truth  of  things.  The  words  quoted  accurately 
may  be  so  taken  out  of  their  relations  as  to 
give  the  opposite  view  of  their  meaning.  The 
acts  testified  to  may  be  mentioned  so  apart 
from  their  relations  as  to  make  them  appear 
totally  different  from  their  reality. 


to  give  strength,  rather  than  in  tnai  gr 
overpowering  way,  in  which  it  is  usually  ex- 
pected ;  for  though  that  may  also  be  afterwards 
known,  yet  ordinarily  it  is  not  the  first  way 
by  which  He  communicates  strength  against 
corruption,  but  by  this  small  and  still  voice  in 
the  conscience,  which,  not  being  diligently  ob- 

rved  and  received,  many  times  makes  tho 
creature  long,  yea,  it  may  be,  nil  his  life,  the 
more    unsuccessfully   to   strive    against   sin. 

As  the  power  of  the  enemy  at  first  was  re- 
ceived by  Eve's  hearkening'  to  him,  so  tho 
power  of  the  Spirit  is  received  in  hearkening 
to  and  receiving  the  reproofs  thereof;  that 
which  checks  the  evil,  that  which  stands  against 
thy  mind,  smiting  it  in  its  course  of  vanity 
and  pleasure,  in  that  is  the  power,  for  it  comes 
from  thc  Spirit  of  power  to  make  way  for 
him  ;  it  lies  there,  in  that  little  grain  of  seed, 
which,  being  received  and  cherished,  though 
it  may  lie  for  a  time,  as  grain  or  seed  does, 
undiscerned,  will  grow  up  to  thy  great  com- 
fort a  mighty  tree.  The  light,  life,  wisdom 
and  power  thou  seekest  after,  lies  hid  in  the 
Spirit's  being  present  with  thee  ;  any  honest 
heart  that  is  seeking  Him  will  easily  acknowl- 
edge this;  but  here  is  the  point  wherein  many 
an  honest  heart  may  be  for  a  long  time  mis- 


300 


THE    FRIEND. 


taken;  they,  like  Elijah  (1  Kings  xix.  11),  look 
for  the  Lord  in  some  glorious,  powerful  way, 
and  do  not  observe,  but  slight  this  little  de- 
spised thing,  thesmall  voice  of  conscience,  where- 
in He  is.  Listen  to  and  receive  this  voice  of 
God  behind  thee,  speaking  in  thy  conscience 
(Isaiah  xxx.  21),  and  the  Lord  will  come  in 
and  abide  and  sup  with  thee  (Bev.  iii.  20). 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Distribution  of  Tracts. 

Inasmuch  as  there  has  seemed  to  be  an  in- 
creased interest  manifested  among  Friends  oi 
latter  time  in  regard  to  the  distribution  of 
Tracts,  I  have  felt  desirous  for  the  prosperity 
of  the  work  ;  having  known  from  some  small 
degree  of  experience  that  "it  is  not  of  him 
that  willeth,  nor  of  him  that  runneth,"  but  of 
God  that  giveth  the  increase.  And  unless  his 
blessing  attends  and  rests  on  the  work  we 
may  labor  in  vain. 

Having  been  situated  so  as  to  spend  much 
of  my  time  from  home  ;  and  previously  thereto 
been  instructed  and  comforted  in  the  perusal 
of  tracts  and  such  reading  as  they  contain,  I 
felt  a  desire  to  arise  that  others  might  be  par 
takers  of  the  same  benefit;  from  which  feel- 
ing I  was  induced  to  provide  myself  with  a 
supply  of  tracts  on  leaving  home;  when  b}* 
careful  attention  to  my  feelings,  I  was  at  times 
enabled  to  band  them  forth  to  my  comfort 
and  satisfaction  ;  so  that  a  desire  has  seemed 
to  prevail  with  me  that  we,  my  dear  Friends, 
might  experience  a  right  concern  in  this  in- 
teresting subject,  and  be  favored  to  hand 
them  forth  profitably.  As  with  many  of  us 
much  of  our  time  is  necessarily  required  to 
provide  things  for  our  temporal  support — the 
sustenance  of  our  mortal  bodies— how  desir- 
able it  is  while  thus  engaged,  our  minds 
may  be  lifted  above  all  these  perishing  and 
perishable  things  to  those  of  enduring  sub- 
stance; and  I  doubt  not  if  we  were  attentive 
listeners  and  willing  hearers  to  the  monitions 
of  that  Teacher  who  "  Teacheth  as  never  man 
taught,"  we  would  find  that  the  dear  Master's 
blessing  only,  prospered  us  in  our  feeble 
efforts  to  provide  things  needful  for  our  jour- 
ney through  this  pilgrimage  state  ;  and  that 
He  is  the  author  of  a  feeling  of  interest  in  the 
best  welfare  of  those  with  whom  we  may 
have  intercourse  in  our  temporal  business. 
How  precious  is  this  feeling  when  it  begets 
in  us  a  tender  frame  of  spirit,  by  which  he 
that  watereth  and  he  that  is  watered  may  re- 
joice together.  I  would  encourage  all  not  to 
wait  for  special  opportunities  to  turn  their 
attention  to  this  subject,  but  watch  the  little 
intimations  which  may  present  to  the  mind, 
it  may  be,  while  pursuing  our  daily  avoca- 
tions or  our  accustomed  errands  from  home. 
If  thoughtful  on  starting,  we  may  at  times 
feel  wo  lack  something,  when  a  little  reflec- 
tion may  bring  the  tracts  or  a  book  to  mind, 
to  take  with  us;  and  then  the  same  good  Re- 
membrancer may  open  some  opportunity  for 
a  little  service  to  the  honor  of  his  ever  ex- 
cellent, ever  worthy  name  ;  so  that  the  bless- 
ing pronounced  on  them  "  that  sow  beside  all 
waters"  may  rest  upon  us,  and  the  feeling  of 
his  compassionate  goodness  to  his  poor  de- 
pendent ereaturos  gladden  our  hearts  more 
than  "the  increase  of  corn,  wine  or  oil." 

J.  S.  P. 

Bartlett,  O.,  4th  of  4th  mo.  1884. 


Temptations  are  instructions  when  resisted 


QUESTIONINGS. 
Silently  fell  the  cloudlands 

Apart  from  t lie  evening  sky, 
Sofily  the  hrealh  of  the  west-wind 

Floated  in  fragrance  by. 

Over  the  distant  hill-tops, 

Flooding  the  valley  land, 
The  beauty  of  sunset  rested, 

A  beauty  complete  and  grand. 

I  stood  with  my  little  daughter,' 

Watching  the  day's  decline, 
Till  the  night  made  up  her  jewels, 

In  a  radiant  crown  to  shine. 

I  saw  on  the  face  of  the  gazer 

A  far  off  look  arise, 
And  a  wistful  wonder  brooded 

In  the  depths  of  her  earnest  eyes. 

"  Mamma,"  the  child  voice  queried, 

"  Does  Granpa  see  us  now? 
Can  he  look  from  yonder  heaven, 

To  this  world  so  far  below? 

"  Can  he  see  from  the  golden  city, 
Thro'  the  beautiful  g:ites  of  pearl  ? 

Does  he  know  when  I  am  trying 
To  be  a  good  little  girl  ? 

"  Does  he  know  how  our  baby  brother 
Has  grown  since  he  went  away? 

Can  he  hear  what  we  are  saying, 
And  are  doing  every  day  ?" 

Up  to  my  face  the  speaker 

Lifted  her  asking  gaze, 
Trustfully  waiting  the  answer, 

With  eyes  in  a  tearful  haze. 

Oh  !  artless  questions  of  childhood, 
Baffling  the  learned  and  wise, 

Out  to  the  infinite  reaching, 
Tho'  couched  in  a  simple  guise. 

How  freshly  the  words  awakened 
Notes  from  an  olden  string — 

Not  the  child's,  but  the  woman's  queries 
Could  only  an  echo  bring. 

Oh  !  with  what  aching  and  longing, 
What  sorrowful,  yearning  pain, 

My  heart  has  questioned  the  silence, 
Questioned,  alas!  in  vain. 

The  lives  so  closely  inwoven, 
They  seem  a  part  of  our  own  ; 

We  feel  that  the  threads  must  mingle, 
Even  when  broken  and  gone. 

It  seemeth  a  breath  or  a  whisper 
Might  move  the  curtain  between, 

That  veils  with  its  quiet  shadow, 
The  life  and  the  world  unseen. 

I  told  my  child  the  lesson, 

Learned  in  that  long  ago, 
To  rest  content  with  the  knowledge, 

Our  Father  would  have  us  know. 

That  not  unto  us  is  given, 

To  fathom  the  life  beyond  ; 
No  plummet  line  of  mortal 

Can  ever  its  vaslness  sound. 


Yet  sweetly  the  thought  will  linger, 

As  moonlight  on  the  soul, 
As  an  unforbidden  fancy 

We  need  not  to  control, 

That  somewhere  near  us  hovereth, 
Perchance,  our  loved  and  gone, 

With  the  spirit's  viewless  covering, 
And  the  shining  raiment  on. 

So  I  bid  my  daughter  cherish 

The  thought  that  our  sainted  one 

Might  know  when  her  course  was  blameless, 
Or  her  duty  was  left  undone. 

That  striving  with  earnest  effort 

For  the  Christian  graces  here, 
Would  have  been  to  him  when  living 

A  sacrifice  most  dear; 


And  to  know 

Of  our  natures  day  by  day, 
Till  we  iind  in  the  great  hereafter, 

The  mists  to  be  rolled  away. 

To  walk  as  the  light  is  given, 
In  the  trust  that  is  born  of  faith, 

And  then  will  the  beams  of  heaven 
Break  thro'  the  clouds  of  death. 


AN  EVENING  SONG. 
How  many  days  with  mute  adieu 
Have  gone  down  yon  untrodden  sky, 
And  still  it  looks  as  clear  and  blue 
As  when  it  first  was  hung  on  high. 
The  rolling  sun,  the  frowning  cioud 
That  drew  the  lightning  in  its  rear, 
The  thunder  tramping  deep  and  loud, 
Have  left  no  footmark  there. 

The  village  bells,  with  silver  chime, 
Come  softened  by  the  distant  shore; 
Though  I  have  heard  them  many  a  time, 
They  never  rung  so  sweet  before. 
A  silence  rests  upon  the  hill, 
A  listening  awe  pervades  the  air; 
The  very  flowers  are  shut  and  still, 
And  bowed  as  if  in  prayer. 

And  in  this  hushed  and  breathless  close. 
O'er  earth  and  air  and  sky  and  sea, 
A  still  low  voice  in  silence  goes, 
Which  speaks  alone,  great  Ood,  of  thee. 
The  whispering  leaves,  the  far-off  brook, 
The  linnet's  warble  fainter  grown, 
The  hive-bound  hee,  the  building  rook, — 
All  these  their  Maker  own. 

Now  Nature  sinks  in  soft  repose, 

A  living  semblance  of  the  grave; 

The  dew  steals  noiseless  on  the  rose, 

The  boughs  have  almost  ceased  to  wave  ;      J 

The  silent  sky,  the  sleeping  earth, 

Tree,  mountain,  stream,  the  humble  sod,  | 

All  tell  from  whom  they  had  their  bir(h> 


And  cry,  "  Behold  a  God  !" 


M:ll:r. 


Modest  Maidens.— They®  is  an  old  and  very, 
sweet  word  which  has  now  gone  out  of  fashion, 
and  that  is,  modesty.  We  hear  of  some  girls 
being  steady  and  respectable,  and  some  girls 
being  "doubtful;''  or  "giddy,"  or  -'rough." 
We  speak  of  "girls  of  the  period,"  and  "fast 
young  ladies,"  but  we  seldom  hear  of  a  girl 
being  called  "  modest,"  or  "  maidenly."  My 
dear  girls,  old  fashions  are  sometimes  better 
than  new.  We  would  not  have  you  dull,  or 
sad,  or  downcast,  looking  as  if  you  were  afraid 
to  speak  or  move.  That  is  not  modesty ! 
We  would  have  you  fresh  and  joyous,  and 
innocently  gay  ;  but  still  we  would  have  you 
gentle  in  your  w.ays,  and  dignified — yes,  digni- 
fied— in  your  behavior. 

You  have  each  one  of  you  a  jewel  to  guard, 
as  precious  to  you  and  far  more  precious  than 
the  richest  gem  could  be;  I  mean  your  virtue, 
your  character,  your  honor. 

Depend  upon  it,  a  girl,  however  young, 
however  weak  or  unprotected  sho  may  be, 
can  make  herself  respected  if  she  respects 
herself,  remembering  that  she,  as  a  Christian 
maiden,  pledges  to  fight  against  all  that  is 
evil,  and  serve  God,  who  loves  and  blesses  the 
"  pure  in  heart." 

Guard  your  eyes  and  your  ears,  then,  I 
pray  you,  from  the  sound  of  evil,  as  far  as  you 
can.  Never  try  to  know  about  wrong  things 
that  you  need  not  know  about.  Never  listen 
to  bad  talk.  Never  read  a  book  that  you 
would  be  ashamed  to  read  out  openly.  Never 
allow  yourself  in  action  that  you  would  not 
wish  those  whom  you  respect  to  know  of. 
Never  enter  bad  places  of  amusement.  Be- 
momber  God   sees  every  thing   and  knows 


THE    FRIEND. 


301 


ery  thing.  Remember,  too.  that  wbat  is 
oocl  and  true  always  come  to  light. 
Dear  girls  who  read  this,  think  of  these 
ings,  and  may  God  in  his  great  mercy  en- 
tile you  to '' walk  in  white"  amid  the  black 
nxiptatious  of  the  world  ;  that  so  you  may 
walk  in  white"  with  Him  above  in  the  hea- 
enly  country  where  sin  shall  be  no  more. — 
"Ae  Instructor. 


Paper  Making. 

When  the  prudent  housekeeper  gathers  the 
tmily  rags  and  puts  them  in  her  rag-bag  to 
scbange  for  tin,  or  sell  to  the  -'rag-man," 
ic  little  thinks  what  a  great  subject  that  of 
,gs  has  become.  There  are  a  u-reat  many 
her  materials  used  for  paper  making,  but 
rags  are  yet  king,"  and  are  essential  in  the 
anufacturing  of  all  our  best  grades  of  paper. 
i  the  Smithsonian   Institute  there  is  a  book 


aper.  The  word  paper  is  derived  from  th 
reek  word  papyrus,  an  Egyptian  plain 
hich  for  a  long  time  served  as  a  materia 
r  writing  among  the  ancients.  It  wassupei 
ided  in  the  fifth  century  of  our  era  by  th 
■ton  paper  called  "carta  bombyeina."  Th 
reat  libraries  of  Europe,  almost  all  of  then 


and  as  much  adulteration  as  in  the  baking- 
powder  ami  sugar  manufacturing.  The  man 
who  buys  the  rags  must  be  sharp  enough  to 
look  them  through,  as  the  outside  of  the  bale 
is  not  always  a  type  of  the  inside.  It  is  the 
cutter's  business  to  see  that  all  the  hems  and 
scams  are  ripped  open,  and  that  every  button, 
pin,  hook  and  eye  is  cut  off.  A  woman  in- 
spects the  rags,  after  they  are  cut,  and  for 
every  one  of  those  forbidden  things  found  she 
receives  a  cent.  The  rag-cuttersare  paid  by 
the  pound,  the  most  expert  of  course,  getting 
the  best  wages.  After  cutting,  the  rags  are 
put  into  a  cylinder  and  the  dust  beaten  out. 
Then  they  are  put  into  large  vats  and  washed, 
a  stream  of  clear  water  is  constantly  running 
into  the  washes  and  the  dirty  water  running 
out.  They  are  then  put  into  boilers  and 
boiled  from  ten  to  twenty  hours.  They  are 
then  reduced  to  a  pulp  anil  are  put  into  bleach- 
ing tubs.  The  bleaching  powders  are  made 
ublished  by  Christian  Shaffer,  of  Germany,] of  chlorine  gas  introduced  into  slacked  lime. 
1772,  containing  sixty  specimens  of  paper.This  however,  does  not  make  the  pulp  white 
,de  of  different  materials,  the  results  of  bis  enough,  and  as  the  laundress  blues  her  clothes, 
speriments.  Among  tbem  hornets'  nests, 'so  the  manufacturer  blues  the  pulp.  There 
jwdusl.  moss,  cabbage  stumps,  thistle,  bur-  is  quite,  an  interesting  incident  connected 
ock,  wheat,  straw,  corn,  &c,  but  none  of  with  blueing  of  paper.  Richard  Herring,  in 
iem  are  equal  to  rags  in  the  making  of  tine  his   work  on   paper   making,  says:    "In  the 

year  174(i,  at  a  paper-mill  belonging  to  — 
Ballenshaw,  whose  wife  was  superintending 
the  washing  of  some  tine  linen,  this  incident 
occurred.  While  blueing  some  clothes  she 
accidentally  let  the  blueing  bag  fall  into  some 
pulp  in  a  forward  slate  of  preservation.  Great 
was  her  fear  that  some  mischief  had  been 
ossess  works  of  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  done,  but  when  the  blue  amalgamated  with 
sntury  written  on  bombycinian  paper.  In  the  pulp  her  husband  was  astonished  to  see 
"62  a  prize  was  offered  for  the  oldest  manu-  how  much  improved  the  paper  was.  He  re- 
ript  written  upon  rag  paper.  The  different  ceived  four  shillings  advance  per  bundle  for 
Spates  of  the  proceedings  of  the  competi-  the  improved  make  in  the  London  market, 
nted  at  the  Hague  in  1767,  unite  in  He  immediately  purchased  a  costlyr  scarlet 
dmitting  that  paper  of  this  kind  was  used  cloak  (it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  was  more  con- 


ifore  the  year  1300. 
There  is  much  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
hat  nation  the  important  discovery  was  due. 
offman,  in  his  treatise  on  the  manufacture 
paper,  says  that  the  credit  of  having  been 


first   who  formed 


fibres  the   web 'stretched  on  wl 


genial  to  the  taste  than  it  would  be  now,) 
which  he  conveyed  home  and  presented  with 
much  satisfaction  to  his  wife." 

After  blueing,  the  pulp  is  put  into  drainers 
and  drained,  then  it  is  drawn  out  by  rollers  and 


felt,  and  carried  through 


hich  constitutes  the  paper  of  our  time  be-  the  presses.  The  paper  then  passes  through 
mgs  to  the  Chinese.  The  knowledge  of  theja  process  called  sizing;  it  is  dipped  into  a 
&seems  to  have  been  communicated  by  the  solution  made  of  gelatine  and  glue,  which 
ihinese  to  the  Hindoos  and  Arabs,  brought  enables  one  to  write  upon  it  without  the  ink 
y  the  latter  into  Spain  during  their  oecupa- , spreading.  It  is  then  cut  into  sheets,  ruled, 
on  of  that  country,  and  from  there  found  its;folded  and  stamped.  It  is  dried  in  the  dry- 
ay  to  all  parts  of  Europe.     The  first  idea  of  |  tag-room    before   being    packed    for    market. 


king  paper  by  machinery  is  due  to  France. 
i  1778,  Robert,  a  workman  attached  to  the 
aper  mill  at  Essone,  took  out  the  first  patent 
r  manufacturing  paper  by  machinery. 
Taking  the  elevator  at  the  South  Lee  paper 
ill,  we  ascended  to  the  fifth  story,  which  is 
esijfnatcd  as  the  "  rag  loft."     Here  we  found 


These  mills  make  8,000  lbs.  of  paper  a  day 
They  employ  180  employes,  115  of  them  are 
women  and  girls. 

In  the  paper  for  the  money  issued  by  the 
Government,  short  pieces  of  red  silk  are  mixed  J 
with  the  pidp  in  the  engine,  and  the  finished, 
stuff  is  conducted  to  the  wire  without  passing 


large  number  of  women  and  children  sort-  through  any-  screens  which   might  retain  the 


g  and  cutting  rags.  Many  of  these  women 
ad  reached  the  evening  of  life — the  mother 
nd  the  grandmother — independent  souls  who 
ould  not  be  a  burden  upon  their  friends 
ren  after  age  had  come  with  its  infirmities, 
hey  knew  "the  gear  that  is  given  is  never 
•i  sweet  as  the  gear  that  is  won."  The  rag- 
Jtters  have  knives  fastened  in  the  floor  just 
I)  front  of  where  they-  are  sitting;  they  cut 
ich  rag  into  from  two  to  five-inch  pieces, 
Bcordtag  to  the  quality  of  the  fabric.  There 
re  castes  among  rags  as  well  as  among  folks, 
ad  have  to  be  arranged  accordingly,  the  best 
aes  being  used  for  the  finest  letter  paper. 
here  are  as  many  tricks  in  the  rag  trade 


silk  thread.  By  an  arrangement  above  the 
wire  cloth,  a  shower  of  short  pieces  of  fine 
blue  silk  thread  is  dropped  in  streaks  on  the 
paper  while  it  is  being  formed.  The  mill  is 
guarded  by  officials  day  and  night,  to  prevent 
the  abstraction  of  any  paper.  Only  the  best 
of  white  linen,  and  especially  cuttings  of  white, 
pure  flaxen  threads,  imported  from  Scotland 
and  Ireland,  are  used. 

All  fibrous  vegetable  matter  is  suitable  for 
paper  of  one  kind  or  another,  but  some  kinds 
are  inferior  and  much  more  expensive  to  pre- 
pare than  others.  Bleached  linens  or  cottons 
require  the  least  expense  to  prepare,  and 
make  the  best  paper.     It  is,  however,  thought 


by  some  oculists  that  white  paper  is  too  try- 
ing for  the  eyes  of  those  who  have  to  read  or 
write  much,  and  that  some  slight  tinge  of  the 
colors  which  nature  chiefly  uses  in  earth, 
water  and  sky,  would  be  a  good  substitute. 
In  this  view  the  paper-maker  who  introduces 
slightly  tinted  paper  for  newspapers  at  little 
or  no  additional  expense  will  be  a  benefactor 
of  his  race.  All  know  how  trying  white  sand 
is  to  the  eyes,  and  to  look  at  white  paper  all 
day  must  have  somewhat  similar  effects. 

A  considerable  part  of  the  "  stock"  used  in 
making  paper  consists  of  newspapers,  old 
books,  account-books,  letters,  c(-c.  News- 
papers are  worth  very  little  to  work  over,  as 
the  fibre  is  so  much  broken  up  that  a  great 
deal  of  it  washes  out  with  the  water  which 
has  to  pass  through  the  pulp. 

There  is  another  ingredient  in  cheap  papers 
which  adds  to  the  beauty  and  weight,  but  not 
to  the  strength.  We  refer  to  white  clay, 
great  quantities  of  which  come  from  South 
Carolina,  for  paper  and  candy  manufacturers. 
This  is  incorporated  with  the  pulp  in  certain 
proportions,  and  of  course  reduces  the  price 
at  which  the  paper  can  be  sold. — Selected. 

Levity  and  Piety  Inconsistent. 

Wilberforce  Richmond  was  a  son  of  Legh 
Richmond,  and  died  when  about  10  years  of 
age.    He  gave  this  dying  counsel  to  his  sister  : 

After  addressing  several  members  of  the 
family,  he  desired  that  they  would  send  for 
his  sister  II.,  saying,  "  I  want  to  speak  to  her 
while  my  strength  lasts."  His  conversation 
to  her  was  very  searching,  but  very  affection- 
ate ;  he.  loved  this  sister  very  dearly.  She  was 
naturally  volatile  and  buoyant  in  her  spirits, 
and  this  disposition  sometimes  betrayed  her 
into  levity.  The  liveliness  of  her  conversation 
had  often  pleased  him,  but  he  now  thought 
he  had  encouraged  her  in  some  things  incon- 
sistent with  real  piety.  He  was  earnest  be- 
yond his  strength  in  conversing  with  her.  "  I 
must  speak  plainly;  I  am  afraid,  my  beloved 
sister,you  do  not  think  enough  about  religion  ; 
I  do  not  see  decided  proofs  of  real  conversion 
in  you,  I  have  not  a  sure  hope  that  if  you  die 
as  you  now  are,  I  shall  meet  you  in  heaven. 

0  !  H.,  it  is  my  last  request — with  my  dying 
breath  I  am  entreating  you  to  seek  the  salva- 
tion of  your  soul.  Suppose  you  were  in  my 
place,  in  this  chair  instead  of  me,  waiting  for 
death  day  by  day — could  you  meet  it  as  I  do? 
Oh  do,  my-  dear  sister!  do  think  of  death  while 
you  are  in  health.  If  I  had  not  sought  Christ 
before  I  was  brought  so  low,  I  should  have 
no  strength  or  sense  to  seek  Him  now.  I  went 
to  Jesus  as  a  poor  weak  sinner,  and  found 
sweet  rest,  and  I  am  happy  now  amidst  all 
this  suffering.  Take  care  that  the  good  seed 
is  not  choked  by  the  pleasures  of  life.  Seek 
first  the  kingdom  of  God."  Remember,  H., 
you  have  to  die.  O!  I  cannot  leave  you  in 
peace,  unless  I  have  a  good  hope  that  I  shall 
meet  you  in  heaven." 

He  continued:  "Take  my  solemn  warning, 

1  speak  from  experience, — you  will  never  be  a 
consistent  Christian,  and  you  will  never  grow 
in  grace,  if  y-ou  indulge  in  habitual  trifling 
conversation.  It  is  not  like  the  mind  of 
Christ;  your  temper  is  very  playful  and  vola- 
tile, and  Satan  may  use  it  as  a  snare  to  your 
soul;  piety  and  levity  cannot  long  dwell  in  the 
same  heart,  one  will  destroy  the  other.  You 
see,  dear  II.,  I  am  very  plain  and  sincere,  I 
used  to   be  shy,  but  I  do  not  feel  afraid  of 


302 


THE    FRIEND. 


speaking  my  mind  now.  How  little  does  one 
cure  about  the  world  and  its  opinions  when 
deuth  is  near, — death  takes  away  all  reserve. 
I  care  not  if  the  whole  world  were  assembled 
around  me, — I  would  tell  them  what  1  now 
think  about  religion — I  should  like  to  see 
many  here,  that  I  might  tell  them  what  the 
Lord  had  done  for  1113'  soul." 


J.  Talk  to  Business  Boys. — A  boy's  first 
position  in  a  commercial  house  is  usually  at 
the  foot  of  the  ladder,  his  duties  are  plain,  his 
place  is  insignificant  and  his  salary  is  small. 
He  is  expected  to  familiarize  himself  with  the 
business,  and  as  he  becomes  more  intelligent 
in  regard  to  it  he  is  advanced  to  a  more  re- 
sponsible place.  His  first  duty,  then,  is  to  | 
work.  lie  must  cultivate  day  by  day  habits: 
of  fidelity,  accuracy,  neatness  and  dispatch, 
and  these  qualities  will  tell  in  his  favor  as 
surely  as  the  world  revolves.  Though  he 
may  work  unnoticed  and  uncommended  for1 
months,  such  conduct  always  meets  its  re- 
ward. 

I  once  knew  a  boy  who  was  a  clerk  in  a 
large  mercantile  house,  which  employed  as! 
entry  clerks,  shipping  clerks,  buyers,  book- 
keepers and  salesmen,  eighty  young  men,  be- 
sides a  small  army  of  porters,  packers  andi 
truckmen  ;  and  this  boy  of  seventeen  felt  that 
amid  such  a  crowd  he  was  lost  to  notice,  andi 
that  any  efforts  he  might  make  would  be  quite1 
unregarded.  Nevertheless  he  did  his  duty,1 
every  morning  at  8  o'clock  he  was  promptly 
in  his  place,  and  every  power  he  possessed 
was  brought  to  bear  upon  his  work.  After 
he  had  been  there  a  year  he  had  occasion  to' 
ask  a  week's  leave  of  absence  during  the  busy  | 
season.  "That,"  was  the  response,  "is  an, 
unusual  request,  and  one  which  it  is  some-' 
what  inconvenient  for  us  to  grant;  but  for! 
the  purpose  of  showing  3Tou  that  we  appro-' 
ciate  the  efforts  j-ou  have  made  since  you 
have  been  with  us,  we  take  pleasure  in  giving 
you  the  leave  of  absence  for  which  you  ask." 

"  I  didn't  think,"  said  the  boy,  when  ho 
came  home  that  night  and  related  his  success, 
"that  the}'  knew  a  thing  about  me,  but  it 
seems  they  have  watched  me  ever  since  I 
have  been  with  them." 

They  had,  indeed,  watched  him,  and  had 
selected  him  for  advancement,  for  shortly 
after  he  was  promoted  to  a  position  of  trust  j 
with  appropriate  increase  of  salary.  It  must 
be  so,  sooner  or  later,  for  there  is  always  a 
demand  for  excellent  work.  A  boy  who  means 
to  build  up  for  himself  a  successful  business 
will  find  it  a  long  and  difficult  task',  even  if 
he  brings  to  bear  efforts  both  of  body  and 
mind;  but  he  who  thinks  to  win  without 
doing  his  very  best  will  find  himself  a  loser 
in  the  race. — Exchange. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Teime  Sea  Gull. — One  da}',  when  fish  were 
scarce,  I  bought  some  clams  and  fed  him  all, 
I  supposed  he  could  contain.  The  remainder 
I  placed  in  a  paper-bag  on  the  top  of  a  pile  of 
wood,  and  about  three  feet  from  the  ground. 
I  then  went  to  my  study.  Shortly  after,  the 
servant  heard  him  laughing  ami  whistling 
noisily  at  the  back  door.  She  went  to  sect 
what  the  matter  was,  and  found  that  he  had 
brought  a  clam  in  his  beak  from  the  top  of, 
the  wood-pile.  She  called  me  to  see  what  he 
had  done.  I  told  her  to  open  the  clam  and 
give  it  to  him.  He  swallowed  it  eagerly, 
and  then  went  straight  to  the  wood-pile  and 


brought  down  another,  which  the  girl  opened 
and  he  ate,  showing  beyond  doubt  that  he 
brought  both  clams  to  be  opened  because  he 
could  not  break  the  shell  himself.  This  is 
certainly  a  proof  of  great  intelligence,  and  is 
remarkable  as  reasoning  about  ways  and 
means.  In  the  wild  state  the  gull  will  pick 
up  a  shell-fish,  fly  up  with  it  to  the  height  of 
a  hundred  feet  or  so,  and  drop  it  upon  a  rock. 
Jumbo's  performance  was  the  more  remark- 
able, as  he  called  for  help  to  do  that  which 
he  could  not  do  himself. 

As  proof  of  his  playfulness,  I  will  give  the 
following:  My  youngest  daughter  was  play- 
ing in  her  room  with  a  hollow  rubber  ball 
about  one  and  a  quarter  inches  in  diameter. 
It  fell  from  the  window-sill  into  the  yard. 
Jumbo  picked  it  up  and  carried  it  to  his  bath- 
tub. Here  the  ball  became  filled,  through 
the  air-hole,  with  water.  My  daughter  went 
down  to  get  it,  when  the  bird  snatched  it 
from  the  tub  and  ran  ha-ha-ing  around  the 
yard  with  the  ball  in  his  beak,  squirting  the 
water  by  pressing  the  ball  as  he  went.  I 
have  no  doubt  that  the  first  squirting  of  the 
water  was  accidental?  But  what  of  the  follow- 
ing ?  When  it  was  empty  he  carried  the  ball 
back  to  the  tub  and  stood  guard  over  it  for  a 
moment.  Then  he  took  it  up,  this  time  with 
the  little  hole  in  the  ball  toward  his  throat- 
He  began  squeezing  as  before.  The  first 
pressure  threw  the  water  down  his  throat, 
strangling  him.  He  dropped  the  ball,  only 
to  pick  it  up  again,  and  ran  around  the  yard 
squirting  the  water  away  from  him  as  before. 
And  to  the  dismay  of  my  little  daughter, 
when  she  insisted  on  having  the  ball,  he 
swallowed  it,  disgorging  it  an  hour  later,  as 
is  the  gull  habit  with  indigestible  substances. 
— D.  A.  Goodsell  in  Clir.  Adv. 

Ravages  of  the   Teredo. — The   long   bridge 


protracted,  and,  at  the  end.  forcible,  expir 
tion.  "A  remedy  many  times  without 
failure  can  always  be  used  upon  a  person  wi 
has  'the  hiccoughs'  by  some  one  else,  a: 
generally  by  the  sufferer  himself.  You  Si 
to  your  friend  something  like  this  :  '  See  he 
close  together  you  can  hold  the  tips  of  yo 
forefingers  without  touching.  No,  keep  yo 
elbows  out  free  from  your  sides.  You  c: 
get  your  fingers  closer  than  that.  They  a 
touching  now.  There,  now  hold  them  f 
Steady.'  By  this  time  you  can  generally  as 
'Now,  why  don't  you  hiccough?'  The  i 
voluntary  tendency  to  breathe  slowly  ai 
steadily  when  the  attention  is  fixed  on  pe 
forming  a  delicate  manipulation  is  here  wHi ' 
counteracts  the  convulsive  action  of  the  di 
phragm. 

Adhesive  Apparatus  of  Insects. — Dr.  Dein 
has  described  the  use  of  a  sticky  fluid  byi 
sects  in  jumping.     A  cicada  in  a  closed  glal 
tube  is  able  to  jump  from  the  bottom  on  to  tlj 
cover,  and  from  one  vertical  side  to  the  othel 
turning  in  the  air  ;  the  contingency  of  haviij 
to  jump  on  to  vertical   surfaces,  or  the  undi 
side    of  horizontal    surfaces,   occurs   also 
Nature — viz.,  in  the  case  of  stems  and  leavd 
which  are,  moreover,  smooth,  so  that  cla\j 
are   ineffectual    to   support   the   insect,    at 
sucking-disks  would  probably   not  act   win 
sufficient  rapidity.     Now,  the  leaping  spide^ 
possess  a  well-developed  pedal  adhesive  a 
paratus,  by  the  aid  of  which  they  can  remai 
attached  to  the  surfaces  on  which  they  aligh 
the  glands  which  secrete  the  liquid  open  a 
over  the  balls  of  the  feet,  and  are  especial 
numerous  at  their  bases. 


Items. 

—  Objections  to  Ottfhx  in  iSircden. — According  to  tl 
Constitution  of  Sweden,  the  powerover  ecclesiastici 

over  the  Quinnipiac  river  at  New  Haven  has' affairs  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Church  Assembly.  1 
been  assailed  by  the  teredo,  whose  destructive;  a  meeting  of  this  body,  held  a  few  months  since, 
work  is  very  common  and  surprisingly  rapid  j  1",  ition  was  }?**"}^  sl»"ied  b?'  1417  Pe.rson?> 
•     a„  ,*u„...,  „  „*    .,„        a    ,„^-„     „e  „  ei\       whom  more   than   oOO  were   pastors,   praying  thi 

in  Southern  waters.  A  section  of  one  of  the.  tors  bc  no  limtri,r  ,,„„,,',  t0  t;lk'c  an  ^whe 
piles  has  proved  on  examination  to  bc  com-]ordained  t0  the  ministerial  ofhee.-the  ground 
pletely  honeycombed.  This  discovery  has,  the  request  being  doubts  as  to  the  nature  of  the  oatl 
made  necessary  a  minute  examination  of  the!  and  the  right  of  the  Church  to  insist  upon  it. 
entire  structure.  The  best  protection  against  —Boimn  Catholic  Statistics  in  the  ZTnited  StateM 
the  remorseless  industry  of  the  teredo  is  sup- j  The  Cufhoiic  Directory  given  the  whole  number! 
posed  to  be  the  impregnation  of  wood  exposed.  Catholics  in  the  United  States  as  6,623,176.  Tl 
to  it  with  oil  of  creosote.  |  estimate  is  based  in  part  on  the  number  of  infan 

Life  in  the  Great  Salt  Lake  of  Utah.— Tbe'baPti2ed,  which  is  supposed  to  be  about  1  for  evei 
water  of  this  lake  is  a  strong"  brine,  which!  -"'  j™*'  T'iere  are  13  archbishoPs>  57  bishoPfl 
varies  in  strength  with  the  amount  of  rain  and  b'8d&  Pnests- 
from  year  to  year,  yet  is  much  stronger  —  -4  Memento  of  Slavery.— A  colored  man  in  Ohii 
than  sea- water.  The  only  animals  peculiar  who  was  married  in  1883,  was  charged  with  bigam; 
to  the  lake  are  a  species  of  shrimp  and  the'  -a"'iie  whom  he  had  married  >,.  l«:il  when  a  sku 
,  ,.  ,.      '  „  „         L.  being  still  alive.     The  Court  instructed  the  jui 

larva  ot  a  small  species  of  fly.  These  are  that,  nnder  the  system  of  slavery  as  it  formerly  1 
found  in  astonishing  abundance,  as  no  fish  can  isted  in  this  country,  slaves,  being  deemed  to  be  th 
live  in  the  briny  waters  to  feed  upon  them'  property  of  their  masters,  could  not  make  legal  coi 
and  keep  them  in  check.  j  tracts  of  any  kind,  so  that  this  first  marriage  had  n 

Snoring.— Snoring  ia  produced  in  sleep  by,  legal  validity,  unless  the  parties  had  lived  togeth* 
the  passage  of  the  breath  into  the  nasal  cavity,  «*  husband  and  wife  after  the  Emancipation  Procli 
.,1     „  d„o„c,    ,-.„l    t,    .,,,1    +,  .     .,„    1  en         matioii  o     President  Lincoln  went  into  effect.     Th 

when  the  sott    palate  and   tongue    have  ia    en    ,    ,  ,     ,  „ .,,,  •  •        t, 

,  .'.  .     .   s    ...  [mil  piii'i'iit  says :"  11ns  ease  revives  the  memory 

—  ■'■•rk  and  horrid  days  in  the  history  of  thi 
tvhen  the  marriage  contract  between  slav( 
legal   recognition  or  legal  protection,  an 

change  of  position,  which  allows  those  organs  when  the  slave  family  was  in  the  same  predicamen 
to  fail  forward  and  thus  secure  a  free  passage.  The  relation  of  master  and  slave  absorbed  and  d< 
0f  ajr  stroved  all  other  relations.    Happily,  those  days  ai 

Hiccough.— This  is  caused  by  a  convulsive  Sone>  never  to  return." 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  arising  from  —  Chain-gang  Horrors.— The  Keport  of  the  Cod 
nervous  irritation,  or  from  overfilling  the  mittee  on  the  Penitentiary  of  the  State  of  Misai 
stomach.  F.  A.  Fernald,  in  Popular  Science  *JJ^:  *:„','  i"f|1l..il!iI".,/"!mvi!Ts>,Tr-"-?is^''in7h-u 
Monthly,  says  it  may  often  be  stopped  by  j^that  "'the  11  m*- t' ' i i M ' 1 1 1  n :i m"" :!  1 11 1 '  u'n*< v mimon  mode 
taking  a  long  and  quiet  inspiration  of  the'  0f  punishment  were  employed  ;"  that  "  men  unabl 
breath,  and  following  it  by  an  exceedingly  to  work  have  been  driven  to  death,  and  have  eve 


or  leave  but  a  small  aperture  for  the  air  to'c 
go  through.     It  may  be  stopped  by  any  little  1 


THE    FRIEND. 


£03 


d  when  fettered  in  the  chain-gang;"  that  they 
■e  poorly  fed,  &c.  Out  of  a  total  of  1563  convicts 
■ing  the  year,  217  died  !  and  137  were  reported  as 
icaped,"   which   includes   a   number   who    were 

lurely,  such  a  report  ought  to  lead  to  legislative 
?rferenee  to  remedy  these  gross  abuses. 

-Proposed  European  Neutral  Belt. — The  posses- 

l  by  Germany  of  the  Provinces  of  Alsace  and 

•raine,  resulting  from  the  Franco-German  war  of 

0 — 71,  is   a   permanent   source  of  irritation  to 

ranee ;  and  of  enormous  expense  to  Germany,  from 

e  immense  armies  she  feels  compelled  to  maintain. 

bis  involves  heavy  taxation  and  a  great  restriction 

the  personal  liberties  of  her  people.     A  recent 

riter,  —  Maas,   proposes  that  the  two  provinces 

ould  be  made  an  independent  neutral  State,  and 

at  Switzerland,   Holland,  Belgium  and  Luxem- 

irg  be  invited  to  accept  neutralization  also;  so  as 

form  a  broad  belt  of  neutral  and  pacific  territory, 

aranteed  by  the  rest  of  Europe  in  the  mutual  in- 

rests  of  all  concerned. 

While  it  is  not  very  probable  that  such  a  propo- 
;ion  will  be  acted  on  at  present,  this  effort  to  call 
e  attention  of  the  public  to  the  advantages  of 
jaceful  remedies  for  national  difficulties,  may  tend 
prepare  the  way  for  a  movement  in  the  right 
rection. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FOURTH  MONTH  26, 


The  Yearly  Meeting  of  Philadelphia  con- 
ened  on  Second-day,  the  21st  of  Fourth  mo.; 
he  first  session  of  the  Meeting  for  Ministers 
nd  Elders  having  been  held  on  Seventh-day, 
ic  19tb. 

At  this  meet  ing  were  present  several  Friends 
■om  other  Yearly  Meetings.  The  most  no- 
eeablo  feature  in  its  proceedings  was  an  ear- 
est  exercise  on  behalf  of  our  young  people, 
hieh  was  opened  by  an  expression  of  uneusi- 
3ss  with  the  large  parties  which  some  of 
hem  attended  at  times,  for  the  purposes  of 
pcial  intercourse  and  enjoyment.  While 
lere  was  no  desire  improperly  to  restrict 
heir  enjoyments,  it  was  believed  that  such 
irge  gatherings  were  often  attended  with  a 
egree  of  lightness  and  frivolity,  unfavorable 
o  the  best  interests  of  those  who  participated 
n  them.  Desires  were  expressed  that  older 
friends  should  cherish  a  warm  interest  and 
jbtchful  care  over  the  younger;  and  that 
bey  should  so  dwell  in  communion  with  God, 
s  to  be  able  frequently  to  lift  up  their  hearts 
h.  silent  prayer,  not  only  for  themselves  but 
lso  for  others.  A  large  number  of  Friends 
articipated  in  this  expression  of  concern  for 
he  young. 
In  the  general  Yearly  Meeting  the  business 
as  entered  upon,  under  a  covering  of  quiet 
nd  settled  feeling;  a  good  degree  of  which 
revailed  throughout.  After  the  usual  pre- 
minary  business  had  been  transacted,  the 
"nutes  of  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings  for  the 
ast  year  were  read. 

Among  the  subjects  which  had  claimed  its 
Mention,  was  the  meeting-house  property  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  the  fund  growing  out 
>f  the  rental  of  a  portion  of  the  lot.  This 
^ind,  as  many  of  our  readers  are  aware,  has 
atterly  been  used  in  building  or  repairing 
neeting-houses  in  various  parts  of  the  United 
states  ;  the  authority  for  so  using  it  having 
>een  given  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of 
south  Carolina,  obtained  a  few  years'  since. 
5ome  months  ago  a  communication  was  re- 
vived by  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings  from  the 


Representative  Meeting  of  North  Carolina 
Yearly  Meeting,  asking  that  the  estate  be 
transferred  to  them  to  distribute.  The  sub- 
ject was  referred  to  a  committee,  who  made 
a  very  thorough  and  exhaustive  examination 
of  the  history  of  the  trust,  nearly  all  of  the 
papers  connected  with  which  are  in  its  pos 
session.  The  report  of  this  committee  shows 
that  Friends  of  North  Carolina  have  no  ex- 
clusive right  to  its  benefits.  The  lot  of 
ground  was  granted  in  1731  by  George  th 
Second  of  England,  as  a  place  for  a  meeting 
house  for  the  benefit  of  Friends  in  Charleston 
and  in  any  part  of  the  province  of  South  Car- 
olina. The  number  of  members  of  our  Socie- 
ty residing  there  was  always  small  and  the 
rights  of  membership  of  many  of  them  re- 
mained in  the  places  from  which  they  had 
moved.  In  very  early  times  a  meeting  was 
organized,  which  transacted  business  as  a 
meeting  for  discipline,  and  annually  sent 
epistles  to  London  and  Philadelphia  Yearly 
Meetings,  which  extended  some  care  over  it. 
Finally,  about  115  years  ago,  London  Friends 
requested  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings  of  Phila 
delphia  to  take  exclusive  oversight  of  the 
Charleston  Meeting  and  property  ;  a  service. 
which  it  has  ever  since  performed,  except 
during  the  interval  from  1790  to  1812,  when 
the  property  was  placed  under  the  care  ot 
Bush  River  Monthly  Meeting,  South  Carolina. 
That  meeting  soon  went  down,  many  of  its 
members  having  removed  out  of  the  State, 
and,  as  the  property  was  in  danger  of  being 
lost,  it  was  again  put  in  the  hands  of  Phila- 
delphia Friends,  to  administer  the  trust.  As 
for  many  years  no  member  of  our  Society  re- 
sided in  Charleston,  and  very  few  if  any  in 
any  other  part  of  South  Carolina,  in  1876  an 
act  was  procured  from  the  legislature  of  that 
State,  authorizing  the  use  of  the  hinds  be- 
longing to  the  estate  in  erecting  or  repairing 
meeting  houses  in  any  part  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  this  extension  of  the  original 
limits  of  the  trust,  that  gives  to  Friends  in 
North  Carolina,  as  well  as  to  those  elsewhere, 
the  only  claim  they  have  to  any  share  in  its 
benefits.  In  view  of  the  previous  history  of 
this  trust,  the  Committee  thought  there  were 
no  sufficient  reasons  for  making  the  transfer 
requested  by  Friends  of  North  Carolina. 
This  conclusion  bad  been  adopted  by  the 
Meeting  for  Sufferings,  and  a  reply  in  accord- 
ance therewith  directed  to  be  sent  to  the 
Representative  Meeting  in  North  Carolina, 
with  such  a  history  of  the  case  as  might  re- 
move misapprehensions  in  reference  thereto. 

A  concern  had  spread  over  the  meeting  on 
account  of  the  vice  and  immorality  which 
exists  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  ;  especially 
as  respects  drinking  saloons,  theatrical  repre- 
sentations, and  demoralizing  literature.  A 
committee  had  been  appointed  to  wait  upon 
the  Mayor  elect,  and  others  in  authority,  and 
to  endeavor  to  strengthen  their  hands  in  re- 
pressing these  evils.  At  a  subsequent  meet- 
ing, thiscommittee  was  continued,  and  author- 
ized to  labor  with  others  than  those  in  official 
positions,  as  way  should  open  for  it. 

Information  having  been  received  that  one 
of  our  members  had  been  deprived  of  his  legal 
rigbt  to  testify  in  a  court  of  justice,  and 
been  threatened  with  imprisonment,  because 
from  conscientious  conviction  he  could  not 
remove  his  bat  as  a  sign  of  honor  to  man,  a 
committee  had  been  appointed  to  examine 
into  the  circumstances  of  the  case.  It  was 
felt  that  if  Friends  are  not  vigilant  in  guard- 


ing the  rights  and  privileges  which  they  now 
possess,  these  might  gradually  be  lost,  and 
their  faithful  members  made  to  pass  through 
suffering  again  to  regain  them. 

The  report  of  the  Rook  Committee  showed 
that  much  labor  had  been  bestowed  during 
the  past  year  in  the  circulation  of  the  ap- 
proved writings  of  Friends  in  various  sec- 
tions of  the  country  ;  several  thousand  vol- 
umes and  pamphlets  having  been  thusdistrib- 
uted,  in  addition  to  a  large  circulation  of  the 
Address  adopted  last  year,  and  of  the  essay 
on  Judicial  Oaths.  Besides  supplying  our 
own  members,  about  15,000  copies  of  the  Ad- 
dress had  been  sent  out  to  Friends  in  most 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and 
in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Many  testi- 
monials had  been  received  which  confirmed 
the  belief  that  its  issuing  was  timely  and 
likel}'  to  be  serviceable.  About  5000  copies 
of  the  Essay  on  Oaths  had  been  circulated — 
largely  to  officers  of  Government  and  to 
members  of  the  legal  profession.  A  sub-com- 
mittce  is  still  under  appointment  charged 
with  its  further  distribution. 

A  memoir  of  the  late  Thomas  Kite  having 
been  examined  b}'  a  committee,  the  editor  was 
authorized  to  print  it,  and  it  has  since  been 
published. 

A  concern  on  account  of  our  younger  mem- 
bers, especially  for  those  who  leave  their  home 
circles  in  early  life  to  enter  upon  business, 
was  directed  by  the  Yearly  Meeting  to  bo 
sent  down  to  subordinate  meetings  in  the 
extracts  from  its  minutes. 

In  the  consideration  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  Meeting  for  Sufferings,  while  the  Yearly 
Meeting  generally  seemed  satisfied  with  the 
decision  respecting  the  Charleston  Estate, 
there  was  evidenced  on  the  part  of  a  few  of 
our  members  a  desire  to  be  freed  from  the 
responsibility  of  that  trust.  An  appropria- 
tion of  S20(i  had  been  made  from  its  funds 
to  aid  in  repairing  a  meeting  house  at  Spring- 
field. N.  C.  Some  comment  was  excited  by 
the  fact  that  this  was  the  only  one  during 
the  year.  In  explanation,  it  was  stated  that 
the  Trustees  had  thought  it  not  prudent  to 
act  on  applications  dining  the  time  that  the 
request  of  the  Representative  Meeting  for 
North  Carolina  had  been  under  examination. 
A  member  of  North  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting 
who  was  present  said  that  true  friends  of  that 
meeting  would  be  satisfied  with  the  decision 
that  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings  had  reached. 

The  account  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting  will  be  concluded  next  week. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— On  Third-day  the  15th  instant, 
the  House  of  Representatives  decided  by  a  vote  of  140 
yeas  to  138  nays,  to  consider  the  Tariff  bill.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  it  will  not  pass  the  Hcuse,  but  should  it  do 
so,  it  is  thought  certain  that  the  Senate  will  reject  it. 
A  bill  establishing  a  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  passed 
the  same  House  on  the  19lb.  It  provides  for  tiie  ap- 
pointment of  a  Commissioner  at  a  salary  of  S3500,  who 
shall  acquire  all  useful  information  upon  the  subject  of 
labor,  its  relation  to  capital,  and  the  means  of  promoting 
the  material,  social,  intellectual  and  moral  prosperity 
of  the  laboring  men  and  women.  He  is  authorized  to 
employ  such  employes  as  be  may  deem  necessary  for 
the  successful  working  of  the  Bureau;  provided  that  the 
total  expense  shall  not  exceed  $25,000  per  annum.  The 
Bureau  is  to  be  independent  of  all  the  Executive  De- 
partments. 

A  bill  to  divide  a  portion  of  the  great  reservation  of 
the  Sioux  Nation  of  Indians  in  Dakota  into  separate 
reservations,  and  to  secure  the  relinquishment  of  the 
Indians'  title  to  the  remainder,  was  taken  up  and  passed 
the  Senate  on  the  16th  instant.  .     . 


304 


THE    FRIEND. 


Four  thousand  immigrants,  of  whom  2500  were  Ger- 1  aires  of  England  and  tlie  United  States  for  £200,000,  it 
ians,  landed  in  New  York  on  Seventh-day  last.     The}  would  be  available?   If  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  will  send 
ship  Oregon,  arrived  at  New  York  on  the  two  or  tbree  thousand  Nizann  to  Berber  under  Zebehr 
1   Pasha,  we  could  not  only  settle  affairs  at  Khartoum, 
but  do  for  El  Mabdi,  in  whose  collapse  the  Suit: 
necessnri' 


WESTTOWN  HOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Change  op  Treasurer. 
B®"  Charles  J.  Allen,  having  resigned  the  Tre 
surership,   the    Committee    who    have    charge   of   t! 
Boarding  School  have  appointed  John  W.  Biddle 
.     I  am  sure  that  if  it  was  known  Sllcceed  him,  to  enter  on  his  duties  on  the 7th  of  Four 
bow  loyally  the  inhabitants  and  the  garrison  of  Khar-   Iuorlt|,.     0n  and  after  that  date,  therefore,  the  busine 
toum  held  to  me  and  how  my  lot  is  involved  in  their?,  'connected  wilh  tl,e  Treasurership  of  the  Institution  wi 
my  appeal  would  be  considered  hi  ly  justified.  |  l)e  attended   to  bv  him  at  bis  ollice,  No.  220  S.  Four; 

La    trance,    newspaper     says    that    De    Brazza,   the  St..  second  story," back  room,  and  not  at  304  Arch  St. 
French  explorer  in  the  Congo  country,  has  signed  a        ' 
treaty  with    the   most   powerful   sovereign   in   Western  | 

Africa,  who  has  placed  all  his  states  in  the  Congo  under  j  BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDRE 
the  protection  of  France.     By  this  treaty  all  the  right  AT  TUNESSASSA. 

the  Equator  Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  i 
.  working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  win 
Pied  out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  I 


Guio 

same  evening,  having  made  the  run  from  Queenstown  to   Pa: 
Sandy  Hook  in  b  days,  10  hours  and  8  minutes.     This 
is  the  quickest  passage  yet  made  across  the  Atlantic. 
The  shortest  previous  record,  that  of  the  Alaska,  of  the 
same  line,  was  li  days,  21  hours  and  8  minutes. 

The  President  of  the  Southern  Exposition  at  Louis- 
ville, announces  that  it  will  open  this  year  on  8th  mo. 
16th  and  close  on  10th  mo.  24th. 

The  annual  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture 
of  Massachusetts,  according  to  a  telegram  from  Boston, 
"  reveals  the  fact  that  a  very  small  part  of  the  milk  sold 

in  Boston  is  genuine.  It  is"  for  the  most  part  skimmed,  bank"  of  the  Congo  from  Brazzivill 
extended  with  water,  recolored  with  caromel,  and  it  is  passes  under  the  protection  of  France. 
often  treated  with  boracic  acid,  that  it  may  be  kept  in       It  is  reported   that    the    French   fleet    has    oc 

the  dealers'  possession  longer  than  it  would  be  possible!  A mov,  in  order  to  secure  the  payment  of  the  indemnity   this  service  m»,  .„„,|l.  .„ 
if  it  was  in  its  natural  condition."  (from  China.     The  capture  of  Hung-Hoa  terminates  the 

The  cities  of  Delavan,  Decatur  and  Macon,  Illinois,  I  campaign  in  Tonqnin.  The  financial  question  remains 
all  voted  for  prohibition  on  the  15th  inst,,  by  large,  to  he  settled  with  China.  The  French  demand  will  be 
majorities.  very  heavy. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Agricultural  Society  of  Cali-|  The  latest  advices  from  Shanghai  indicate  that  the 
forma  estimates  that  the  wheat  crop  of  that  State  this, Chinese  Government  is  greatly  exercised  at  the  recent  FRIENDS'   ASYLUM   FOR  THE  INSXNF 

jar^t    inX  r!    "ft Ty  ar""  """  ^  ^  ^  «*"'•  ""<—  of  !'>?  *™1'   '"    '' 1IU""     ^""l  '"  T,       ^^flrdT^f t£S HW, )  RlddpHa 

laig  i  tlian  tin  tn.pot  last  yeai.  way  responsible  for   the    reverses  are  being  degraded    Dl      •  •  „  '      .        ',     ,      ,         'L    „  ,,  T 

There  were  420  deaths  in  this  city  last  week,  which 'and  punished,  and  active  measures  are  l.ein"  taken  to   Pll.vslrlan  ani1  Superintendent— John  C.  Hall,  M.I 
more  than  during   the  previous  week,  and  24  prevent  further  loss  of  prestige.    The  YicemvTifC  niton        Applications  for  the  Admission  ot  Patients  may  t 

made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  < 


Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  32-5  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Fine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year 

Of  the  foregoing  224  were  males  and  202  females:  68  j  The  officers  answerable  for  the  loss  of  B 
died  of  consumption;  28  of  pneumonia;  28  of  convul-  been  condemned  to  be  beheaded.  The 
sions;  19  of  scarlet  fever;  17  of  old  age;   18  of  pleurisy   Yundan  has  been  summoned  to  Pek 


been  publicly  degraded  tor  refusing  to  obey  orders. 
-Ninh  have 


and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 
■Markets,  &C.—  U.  S.  4.1's,  113$;  4's,  124;  3': 
tered,  102;  currency  6's,  12f 

Cotton. — There  was  no  es 
price  or  demand.  Sales  of 
12J  a  12|  cts.  per  pound  for 

Petroleum. — Standard  wh 
and  9i  a  9|  cts.  per  gallon  for  home 

Flour.— There  was  very  little 
were 


regis- 
try. 

itial  change  to  notice  in 
(Idlings  are  reported  at 
lands  and  New  Orleans. 
8J  a  S|  cts.  for  export, 


Governor  ofi  : — 

ceive  punish- 1      Died,  at  her  residenci 
ment.     A  general   lew  of  men   for  the  Chinese  array   York,  on  the  9th  of  9th  1 
has  been  ordered.     Affairs  at  Pekin  are  represented  to  ,  aS>\a  .6i  years-     To  tho. 
be  in  an  extremely  critical  condition,  and   adininist 
tive  changes  of  great  importance  are  imminent. 
The  Spanish  Government  has  sent  to  Washingtoi 


Clinton,  Dutcliess  Co.,  Nei 

1883,  Esther  ILGrifpes 

hose  privilege  it  was  to  b 

with  her  during  a  long  period  of  declining  health,  and  a 

the  close  of  life,  this  language  seems  appropriate  :  ''  Th 

work  of  righ'eoii-ness  shall   be  peace,  and  the  effect  c 


protest  on  account  of  the  escape  of  the  filibuster  Aguero   righteousness,  quietness  and  assurance  forever." 

to  Cuba.     Although  the  Spanish  ministerial  papers  ac- '      >  ne:"'  Morrisville,  Bucks  county,  Penna.,  on  thi 

cuse   the  American   authorities  of  a   want  of  proper  7l1'  of  3rd  "lonth,  1884,   Mary  C.  Moon,  daughter  0 

.  but  prices   vigilance,  they  very  severely  blame  Valera,  their  Min-   Mahlon  and  the  late  Jane  Moon,  aged  32  years,  a  mem 

dy.     Sales  of  16-50  barrels,  including  Minne-   ister  at  Washington,  for  not"  keeping  the  Governments   l)er  l,f  FalIs  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends.     This  dea 

Lat  §4.50  a  $5.50;   Pennsylvania  family  at  at  Madrid  and  Havana  properly  advised  of  the  gravity   F"61"'  was  remarkable  for  her  self-sacrificing  de 

$5.75,  and   patents  and  real  condition  of  the  Cuban  revolutionary  move-  'to  tl,e  comfort  of  others  ;  tlie  result  of  an  early  subuiis 
dy  at  §3.50  per  ments.  sion  to  the  love  of  her  Heavenly  Father,  to  whose  ' 

The  steamer  Inchgervie  arrived  at  Suez  on  the  18th  'ations  she  yielded,  even  in  childhood,  however  in  th, 
instant,  from  Bassein.     There  bad  been  two  deaths  frou 
cholera  on  hoard.     Cholera  at  Calcutta  is  increasing. 

Advices  from  the  far  East  state  that  a  great  fire  has 
occurred  at  Rangoon,  and  raged  for  two  days.  Forty- 
one  houses  were  desiroved,  and  the  total  losses  are  esti- 
mated at  about  $6,000,000.  Mandelay,  the  capital  of 
Burmah  proper,  which  was  recently  half  destroyed  by 
a  conflagration,  has  been  afflicted  with  another  exten- 
sive fire. 


$4.50  a  $4.75  ;  western  do.  at  $5 

at  S5.75  a  $6.50.     Rye  flour 

barrel.     Bran  sells  at  $17  a  $17.50  per  ton 

Grain. — Wheat  was  in  belter  demand,  and  a  fraction 
higher.  About  7000  bushels  of  red  sold  in  lots,  in- 
cluding No.  1  at  tl.lo  a  $1.16 ;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.16.! ; 
No.  2  at  $1.02  a  J1.15J  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  88  cts.  per  bushel,  and  60,- 
000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  81.02  a  $1.03  4th  mo.,  tfl.024  a 
$1.03}  5th  mo.,  $1.04J  a  $1.04$  6th  mo,  and  $1.05  a 
$1.06  7th  mo.  Com.  — Car  lots  were  higher:  9500 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  59  a  60  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  prime  yellow;  57  a  58  cts.  for  rejected  and 
steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  57  a  59  cts.  4th  mo.,  57 J  a 
58  cts.  5th  mo.,  58J  a  59  cts.  6th  mo.,  and  59|  a  59J  cts. 
7th  mo  Oats. — Car  lots  were  higher.  About  10,000 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  41  a  43  cts.  per  bushel,  according 
to  quality,  and  10,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  42  a  43 
cts.  4th  mo.,  411  a  41 J  cts.  5th  mo.,  41}  a  41 1  cts.  6th 
mo.,  and  41 J  a  42  cts.  7th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots  at  70 
cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  endin»  4th 
mo.  19th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  333;  loads  of  straw,  52. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  95  cts.  a 
$1.05  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  and  lower:  4000  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  41  a  4$  cts.  per  pound, 
as  to  quality. 

Sheep  continue  dull :  8000  head  arrived  and  sold  at 
the  different  yards  at  4J  a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at  5  a  8 
cts.  per  pound  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  dull  and  lower:  3500  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  7£  a  8$  cts.  per  pound  as 
to  quality. 

Foreign. — Sir  Wm.  Harcourt,  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Home  Department,  in  a  speech  at  Derby,  4th  mo. 
16th,  said:  The  Government  will  dissolve  Parliament 
at  its  own  time,  not  at  the  time  of  the  Conservatives. 
The  Government  went  to  Egypt  reluctantly,  and  would 
have  retired  but  for  the  events  in  the  Soudan.  Eng- 
land has  no  right  to  annex  Egypt.  England  is  quite 
empire  enough.  If  we  annex  F^gypt,  we  are  liable  to 
perpetuate  embroilment  with  other  countries. 

Gen.  Gordon  has  telegraphed  as  follows  to  Sir  Samuel 
Baker,  under  date  of  4th  month  8th:  We  have  pro- 
visions for  five  months,  but  we  are  hemmed  in  by  500 
determined  and  2000  rag-tag  Arabs.  Our  position  will 
be  much  better  when  the  Nile  rises.  Sennaar,  Kassala, 
Dongola  and  Berber  are  quite  safe  for  the  present.  Do 
you  think  that  if  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  million- 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 


The  Summer  Session  will  open  on  Third-day  the  Gth  obedience  to 
of  Fifth  month. 

Conveyances  will  be  at  Westtown  Station  on  that 


day,  to 


the  trains  that  leave  the  Broad  Street 


Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  at  Broad 
and  Filbert  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  at  7.43,  9.05  and  11.13 
A.  M.,  and  2.47,  4  55  and  5.32  p.  m.  Those  who  can 
more  conveniently  go  the  day  before,  will  be  met  at 
Westtown  Station  on  Second-day,  if  timely  notice  is  sent 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,"  Sup't.,  address  Westtown 
P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

J6QT  FLe  Union  Transfer  Company  will  send  for 
baggage  to  any  place  in  the  built-up  part  of  Philadel- 
phia, if  notice  is  left  either  at  No.  838  Chestnut  St.,  at 
the  South  East  corner  of  Broad  and  Chestnut  Sts.,  at 
the  Baggage  Room  15th  St.  above  Market,  or  at  Market 
St.  Ferry,  (north  side),  and  will  deliver  it  at  the  Broad 
St.  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  at 
a  charge  of  25  cents  per  trunk,  to  be  paid  either  when 
the  order  is  given  or  when  the  trunk  is  called  for.  For 
the  same  charge  they  will  collect  baggage  from  any  of 
the  other  railroad  depots,  if  the  railroad  checks  held'  for 
such  baggage  are  left  at  one  of  the  offices  of  the  Transfer 
Company  above  designated.  In  all  cases  it  must  be 
stated  tint  the  baggage  is  to  go  to  Westtown  Boarding 
School,  Westtown  Station,  on  the  West  Chester  and  Phila- 
delphia Railroad. 

During  the  Session,  until  further  notice,  passengers 
for  the  School  will  be  met  at  Westtown  Station,  every 
day  except  First-days,  on  the  arrival  of  the  second 
through  train  from  the  City.  'She  forwarding  of  packages 
for  the  pupils  from  No.  304  Arch  St.,  has  been  discon- 
tinued. Parents  and  others  who  may  have  occasion  to 
send  packages  to  the  School,  will  in  future  please  send 
them  as  freight  or  by  Express,  direct  to  Westtown 
Station,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

4th  mo.  23rd,  1884. 


cross  to  her  natural  inclination.  The  following  extract 
from  her  letters  show  her  full  belief,  that  the  path 
self-denial  and  obedience  leads  to  peace  and  joy.  Ti 
a  friend  she  wrote:  "I  hope  it  will  not  sound  like 
boasting,  to  say  that  I  often  feel  that  I  could  kiss  thi 
rod  (in  the  way  of  afflictions)  that  drove  me  to  raj 
Heavenly  Father  for  consolation.  Many,  many  t' 
have  I  longed  that  all  my  friends  might  believe  He  I 
not  a  hard  Master,  but  a  loving  Father,  and  one  whe 
rewards  his  obedient  children  with  peace  unutterable.' 
To  another  Friend  who  had  made  some  sacrifices  ir 
hat  she  believed  to  be  a  Divine  requisi 
tion,  she  wrote:  "  Full  well  I  know  thou  feels  the  sweel 
reward  of  peace  ;  for  the  dear  Master  does  repay  a  thou- 
sand fold  for  the  sacrifices  we  make  for  Him.  And  oh 
what  in  the  world  can  compare  with  the  peace  which 
He  does  give  his  weak,  dependent  children,  who  lovf 
and  trust  and  strive  to  serve  Him.  My  heart  overflows 
with  gratitude,  and  is  lost  in  wonder  at  our  Saviour's 
love  and  mercy,  in  allowing  us  to  feel  Him  to  be  1 
Father,  and  to  know  that  He  is  ever  near  to  hear  out 
cries  and  to  strengthen  our  weak  hearts.  Sincerely  dc 
I  hope  that  we  each  may  be  faithful  in  performing  out 
various  duties  required  of  us  by  the  Divine  Master.'1 
Having  experienced,  as  is  believed,  the  washing  of  re- 
generation, and  the  renewing  of  the  Holy  Spirit; 
she  entered  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  she  was 
favored  with  a  prospect  of  joy  unspeakable  beyond  the 
conflicts  of  lime. 

,  3rd  month  15th,  1SS4,  Edward  Whitacre,  a 

member  of  Money  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  in  the 
77th  year  of  bis  age. 

,  3rd  mo.  29th,  Susan  F.  Ogborn,  daughter  of 

the  late  Fothergill  and  Sarah  W.  Orborn,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  Frank  ford  Monthly  Meeting,  Philadelphia. 

,  on  the  6th  of  4th  mo.  1884,  in   Weare,  N.  H., 

Mary  B.,  wife  of  John  Paige,  in  the  74th  year  of  her 
age,  a  member  and  elder  of  Weare  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends.  After  years  of  much  suffering,  patiently  en- 
dured, gently  and  peacefully  gathered  into  the  Heavenly 
garner,  fully  ripe. 

,  at  his  home,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  4th  month 

10th,  18S4,  George  D.  Smith,  in  the  79Ji  year  of  his 
age,  a  member  and  elder  of  Cincinnati  Monthly  Meet- 
ing. 

WI LLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER,' 

No.  422  Walnut  Street.  .     .  . 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  FIFTH  MONTH  3,  1884. 


NO.    3  9. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

inscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  3TAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  298.) 

1807,  6th  month.  Again  at  our  Yearly 
iteeting.  Divers  strangers  were  there  from 
ercnt  parts  of  the  country.  The  subject 
>f  the  difficulties  in  our  Quarter  were  again 
Introduced,  by  those  who  consider  them- 
lelves  aggrieved,  and  becoming  matter  of  ex- 
ercise with  Friends,  some  salutary  advice  and  !  two  centuries 


will  not  see,  nor  none  so  deaf  as  those  who 
will  not  hear.  Lamentable  indeed  it  is.  that 
rational  intelligent  beings,  once  enlightened 
and  qualified  for  usefulness  in  the  Church, 
should  so  miss  their  \vaj-,  and  so  pervert  the] 
order  and  harmony  of  wisdom's  ways,  as  to 
put  light  for  darkness,  and  error  for  truth. 
After  this  we  rode  home  and  attended  our| 
Quarterly  Meeting  at  Salem,  where  we  had 
the  acceptable  company  of  Moses  Brown, 
Elisba  Thornton  and  other  friends. 

"  1808,  2nd  month.  Attended  the  .Meeting 
for  Sufferings;  the  revisal  of  our  Discipline 
was  at  that  time  under  notice,  and  several 
daj-8  spent  in  deliberating  on  it.  But  alas  !  j 
the  wisdom  of  the  creature  seeking  to  coun- 
teract and  lay  waste  that  wisdom  which 
alone  qualifies  to  act  under  an  adequate  sense. 
of  our  responsibility,  finds  ways  and  means  to 
introduce  itself  into  almost  all  our  counsels,  J 
in  some  fair  form,  to  the  great  burthen  of 
those  concerned  for  the  cause  of  Truth  which 
has  contributed  to  our  support  now  almost 
I  also  attended  the  Quarterly 


ounsel  were  administered.     This  exercising! Meeting  held  at  Providence  at  this  time 
icene  appears  drawing   nearer   to  an    issue,  j  was  like  many  others,  a  mixture  of  pain  and 
The  Meeting  for  Sufferings  at  this  time  re- [of  comfort.     Richard  Jordan  was  also  at  this 


:eiveil  a  new  appointment,  and  my  name,  for 
ho  first  time,  was  placed  among  others  eon- 
ititnting  that  meeting. 

8th   month  25th."    At   Berwick  Monthly 
Meeting.     This  and  the  preceding  one  were 


meeting,  and  divers  times  engaged  in  testi- 
mony, to  me  instructively,  and  1  trust  accept- 
ably to  Friends. 

"  Then  we  went  to  Smithfield  and  attended 
their  First-day  meeting;  it  was  a  day  of  suf- 


day  meeting  at  Long  Plain,  and  two  appoint- 
ed meetings  in  Middleborough ;  which,  with 
the  foregoing  were  to  satisfaction.  Then 
home. 

"  1809, 1st  month  18th.  The  mind  not  much 
elated,  nor  so  much  settled  on  the  sure  foun- 
dation, as  desirable. 

"20th.  Quietness  of  mind  a  comfortable 
asylum;  obtainable  not  by  wishing  for;  but 
must  be  purchased. 

"22nd.  First  day  of  the  week  ;  depression 
of  mind  under  a  sense  of  the  languid  state  of 
Society  ;  many  among  us  see  but  little  further 
than  the  necessity  of  good  moral  rectitude 
and  a  fair  character  among  men. 

"  23rd.  Eeligion  is  not  an  empty  sound, 
but  of  great  importance  ;  not  attainable  by 
dint  of  study,  or  by  force  of  reasoning;  but 
in  quietness  and  in  confidence  shall  be  tby 
strength. 

"  24tb.  I  heard  thy  voice  in  the  garden,  in 
the  cool  of  the  day !  in  the  season  of  cool  re- 
flection,— '  I  was  afraid,  because  I  saw  I  was 
naked,  and  hid  myself  How  congenial  with 
the  nature  and  disposition  of  man,  in  the  day 
of  transgression,  when  beholding  his  naked- 
ness, to  strive  to  conceal  himself  by  some 
device,  from  the  eye  of  Omniscience.  'The 
wicked  fleeth  when  no  man  pursueth.' 


■28tb. 


*pei 


it  most  of  this  afternoon  with 


Iry -seasons.  O,  the  emptiness  of  mere  for-  firing.  On  Second-day  we  rode  home,  where 
The  fruitless  efforts  of  '  dropping  I  had  to  feed  on  the  fruits  of  unfaithfulness 
juckets  into  empty  wells,  and  growing  old  in, some  time.  May  I  learn  by  the  things  that  I 
drawing  nothing  up.'     Took  our  lodgings  at  .suffer. 

Paul  Rogers'.  "3rd  month.     Richard  Jordan  was  aeeept- 

"2Cth.  Had  another  exercising  season  in 'ably  with  us  at  divers  meetings  here,  and  in 
jurQuarter^Meetingof'Ministersantl  Elders,  this  neighborhood  ;  one  of  which  wasin  Read- 
ifternoon  went  to  an  appointed  meeting  at  a  ing,  where  there  has  not  been  a  Friends'  meet- 
llace  called  Oakwoods,  in  the  upper  part  of  ing  held,  that  we  can  find,  since  William 
Berwick.  I  trust  the  minds  of  many  were  Edmundson's  time,  who  it  appears  was  there. 
mutually  strengthened.  Most  of  those   meetings   were    as   baptizing 

27tb.  At  our  Quarterly  Meeting.  Though  seasons,  in  the  authority  of  the   Minister  of 


trying  in  the  forepart,  underfavorof  the  Head 
pf  the  Church,  it  terminated  comfortably. 

"  28th.     Accompanied  by  William  Flanner 
•ode  to  Dover,  and  on  the  29th   had  an  ap- 


ministers,  as  I  have  been  acquainted  with  in 
my  time. 

"4th  month.    At  our  Quarterly  Meeting  at 
Seabrook;  had  another  trial  with  the  discon- 


pointed  meeting  there  :  where  Truth  gained  Rented    party.     The   committee   with    divers 
the  ascendency  over  all,  blessed  be  the  name^thers  offered  much  counsel,  but  to  no  pur- 


of  Him  who  lives  forever  and  ever.  After 
meeting  rode  to  Seabrook,  and  30th  rode  to 

jm  and  attended  their  afternoon  meeting, 
and  then  home.  William  Flanner  spent  a 
week  with  us  at  Lynn  and  Salem,  very  ac- 
ceptably. 

10th  month.  In  company  with  Daniel 
Johnson,  set  out  on  a  journey  to  Concord, 
Henniker  and  Weare,  all  in  New  Hampshire. 
We  were  at  meetings  among  them  to  prett}7 
good  satisfaction.  At  Weare  we  were  at  the 
meeting  of  ministers  and  elders,  and  at  their 
Monthly  Meeting ;  where  we  had  an  unsuc- 
cessful rencounter  with  the  discontented  party 
of  that  Monthly  Meeting.  We  labored  with 
them  in  the  ability  received,  but  in  vain. 
Alas !   there  are  none  so  blind  as  those  who 


pose.  There  seems  to  be  no  remedy,  no  en- 
couragement ;  but  their  case  appears  drawing 
nearer  a  separation  or  a  downfall.  They  were 
viewed  as  objects  of  pity  in  a  state  of  dark- 
ness. 

"  6th  month.  Went  again  to  our  Yearly 
Meeting.  Affairs  went  on  to  the  satisfaction 
of  Friends,  except  the  uneasy  party  from  our 
Quarter,  again  revived  their  case,  before  the 
Meeting  for  Sufferings.  It  avails  nothing;  it 
is  a  continual  source  of  exercise  without 
profit. 

"  12th  month.  Accompanied  by  my  brother- 
in-law,  Matthew  Purinton,  went  to  Bedford. 
At  the  Meeting  for  Sufferings  some  progress 
was  made  in  the  revisal  of  our  discipline.  At 
tended  their  Quarterly  Meeting,  and  the  First 


;  he  appears  to  be  a  well-disposed,  pious 

man,  and  a  Baptist.  We  conversed  on  re- 
ligious things,  and  on  the  rights  and  power 
of  conscience,  he  having  some  scruples  against 
bearing  arms,  and  taking  oaths  on  any  occa- 
sion, but  not  seeing  the  expediency  of  suffer- 
ng  spoiling  of  goods  or  imprisonment  for  the 
support  of  the  testimony.  I  did  not  see  with 
him  in  his  reasoning,  as  in  my  view  it  was  in- 
consistent with  the  nature  of  such  a  scruple, 
and  such  a  testimony.  I  left  him  under  these 
reflections, — he  being  a  poor  man  and  his 
family  dependent  on  his  daily  labor  for  sus- 
tenance, and  he  of  small  experience,  weak  in 
faith,  in  the  prospect  of  his  family  suffering 
by  the  means,  fear  predominates,  and  he 
shrinks  at  the  idea,  and  falls  back.  I  believed 
him  to  be  an  honest  man,  and  offered  him  the 
language  of  encouragement. 

'•31st,  Under  a  grateful  sense  of  favors 
received. 

"2nd  month  1st,  People  averse  to  real 
good,  oft  forego  the  true  comforts  of  life, 
rather  than  embrace  the  means  to  obtain  that 
good.  There  is  a  mighty  struggle  in  the 
minds  of  many  to  become  heirs  of  two  king- 
doms, though  it  is  impossible  in  the  nature  of 
things;  and  marvellous  it  is,  that  they  do  not 
more  fully  see  it.  ISfo  one  can  serve  God  and 
Mammon." 

(To  be  continued.) 

It  is  the  broken,  contrite  spirit  that  the 
Lord  regards;  it  is  the  heart  that  wears  the 
costly  robe  of  sweet  humility,  in  which  the 
lowly  Jesus   makes   his    blessed   abode.— D. 

Wheeler. 


THE    FRIEND. 


The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  299.) 

It  must  have  been  near  the  time  that 
Clarkson  was  penning  his  "  Portraiture,"  that 
Elizabeth  Fry  (then  Gurncy)  going  up  from 
Norwich  to  London,  was  afforded  opportunity 
by  her  lather  to  enter  upon  a  previously  ar- 
ranged season  of  gaiety  in  the  pleasure  loving 
city"  Sprightly  and  very  much  admired 
though  she  was,  she  had  hut  a  short  lime 
previously  been  brought  to  reflect  with  seri- 
ousness upon  the  tendency  of  her  then  course 
of  life,  through  listening  to  the  preaching  of 
William  Savery,  from  Philadelphia.  In  her 
journal,  which  she  began  early  to  keep,  she 
says  at  this  time  (1798)  in  commenting  upon 
a  visit  to  the  theatre  : 

"I  own  1  enter  into  the  gay  world  reluct- 
antly. I  do  not  like  plays.  1  think  them  so 
artificial  that  they  are  to  me  not  interesting, 
and  all  seem  so,  so  very  far  from  pure  virtue 
and  nature.  There  is  acting,  music,  scenery 
to  perfection  ;  but  I  was  glad  when  it  was 
over." 

Obedient  to  the  heavenly  vision,  she  im- 
mediately thereafter  wholly  gave  up  attend- 
ing public  places  of  amusement,  for  she  after- 
ward averred, — "I  saw  l hey  tended  to  pro- 
mote evil,  led  many  from  the  path  of  rectitude, 
and  brought  them  into  much  sin."  Consider 
the  loss  not  only  to  "  Outcast  London,"  but  to 
the  world  at  large;  had  Elizabeth  Fry  come 
to  a  different  decision,  and  concluded  that  the 
theatre  being  intended  to  '-amuse  and  in- 
struct," it  was  little  worth  while  for  her — a 
mere  girl  of  seventeen — to  disturb  herself 
over  the  wretchedness  of  the  metropolis,  or 
the  ills  of  a  world  which  it  must  be  quite  out 
of  her  power  to  mend  or  measurably  alleviate. 
How  little  she  knew  then,  that  in  turning 
away  from  the  theatre,  she  should  ever  by  an 
act  of  hers  give  occasion  for  such  a  remark  as 
that  which  was  made  by  a  certain  nobleman, 
who,  seeing  how  she  addressed  the  women 
felons  at  Newgate,  and  how  reaching  were 
her  pathetic  words,  observed  that  it  was  the 
■'deepest  tragedy"  he  had  ever  witnessed. 

Showing  a  like  apprehension  of  the  unsatis- 
fying nature  of  the  world's  entertainments, 
was  the  experience  of  Mary  Capper,  who,  at 
the  age  of  twenty  one — being  then  a  member 
of  the  Established  Church  of  England — came 
to  London  from  her  parent's  home  at  Rugeley, 
Staffordshire.  She  was  on  her  way  to  France 
for  the  benefit  of  her  health.  She  says  (1776)  : 

"  My  brother  Jasper  called,  and  took  us  to 
dine  with  my  brother  William.  After  we  had 
coffee  we  called  a  coach,  intending  to  go  and 
spend  the  evening  with  my  uncle  Capper,  in 
Berkeley  Square,  but  an  unaccountable  whim 
entering  the  head  of  my  brother  William 
(prompted,  I  have  no  doubt,  by  his  wish  to 
give  us  pleasure)  he  asked  if  we  should  have 
any  objection  to  see  the  opera,  to  be  performed 
that  night.  I  was  inclined  to  refuse;  but 
fancying  that  my  friend  had  a  desire  to  hear 
[the  actress-singer],  I  accompanied  her  with- 
out reluctance.  My  disappointment  and  dis- 
gust  are  not  to  be  described;  I  had  heard 
much  of  the  shining  qualities  of  [the  actress,] 
and  therefore  expected  something  extraor- 
dinary; but  of  all  the  figures  I  ever  saw,  she 
is  the  most  miserable,  and  her  impudence  is 
inconceivable.     In  the  midst  of  my  chagrin, 


I  could  not  help  feeling  emotions  of  pity  for 
the  poor  unhappy  wretch,  who,  in  her  serious 
moments,  must  call  to  mind  a  lii'e  spent  in 
such  a  manner;  how  melancholy  a  retrospect! 
I  may  truly  say,  my  intended  pleasure  was 
turned  into  actual  pain.  I  was  very  ill  after- 
wards." And  so  this  dedicated  handmaid  of 
the  Lord,  whose  helpful  letters  from  her  quiet 
rural  home  must  have  been  blessed  to  many 
of  those  who  received  them,  was  likewise  pre- 
served for  a  better  purpose  than  that  of  fol- 
lowing the  world's  alluring  pleasures. 

Very  like  a  companion  piece  to  the  fore- 
going— the  place  being  Paris,  instead  of  Lon- 
don— was  the  experience,  in  this  matter,  of 
the  late  Christine  Alsop  (then  Majolier)  who, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  being  on  her  way 


where  humble,  godly  people  were  likely  to  b 
found,  and  therefore  could  not  be  a  safe  resor' 
for  him  ;  that  the  habit  was  an  expensive  om' 
as  well  as  wasteful  of  time,  and  that  it 
one  which  was  growing  upon  him.  Immc- 
diatcly  turning  about,  so  effectual ly .was  I) 
convinced,  that  (he  can  gratefully  say)  _h 
never  again  attended  the  opera,  or  even  ha< 
a  desire  to  do  so. 

While  it  is,  I  know,  the  boast  of  those  w9 
move  in  fashionable  life,  that  they  arc  well 
versed  in  fiction,  and  that  they  would  hold 
themselves  quite  disgraced  could  they  no] 
say  they  had  seen  the  chief  plays,  and  hear 
all  the  noted  singers  in  opera;  yet  a  bcttei 
record  for  any  Christian  will  it  be  if  it  can  b>| 
'     pioui 


said  of  such  a  one  what  was  said  of  tin 


om  the    south   of  France   to  the   home   of'jNonna  by  her  son,  the   celebrated  Gregor 
William  Allen  in  England,  stopped  for  a  brief  Nazianzen,    who,    enumerating    her   virtues! 


began    with   this, — "That  she   never  visitec 
the  theatre." 

(To  be  continued.) 


rest  in  Paris.  She  was  accompanied  by  a 
brother.  Having  gone  to  the  same  hotel  as 
the  one  selected  by  two  of  their  travelling 
companions  in  the  diligence,  they  accepted 
the  invitation  of  these  acquaintances  (Chris- 

tine   reluctantly)   to    go    with    them    to    the  RellglOUS  VieWS   and   Tenets. 

Theatre  Francais.  Observing  the  dissipated  I  believe  that  the  greatest  hindrance  to  thi 
looks  of  those  around  her,  she  felt  a  sort  of ,  professed  Christian  churches  in  promoting 
horror  at  being  in  such  a  place,  and  thus  in-  pure  and  undefiled  religion,  is  the  dependencil 
structively  remarks  :  on  human  wisdom  more  than  Divine,  in  earryj 

"  I  durst  not  ask  to  go  out,  but  I  was  very'ing  on  the  things  of  God.  The  strength  ano] 
unhappy.  I  felt  ashamed  that  any  one  should!  wisdom  of  man  are  bountifully  given  by  thtfl 
see  my  Friends'  bonnet,  so  I  took  it  off,  and) great  Creator,  to  enable  him  to  carry  on  the 
put  it  under  the  seat.  The  dresses,  both  of  things  of  man,  as  pertains  to  this  world  ;  bm 
the  men  and  women,  were  such  as  I  was,  the  tilings  of  God  no  man  can  know  only  by 
ashamed  to  see.  Then  followed  one  of  the,  the  Spirit  of  God.  And  if  it  requires  thl 
worst  of  the  representations.  I  shut  my  eyes  Spirit  of  God  to  enable  us  to  understand  th6 
and  dared  not  look,  and  at  my  solicitation  ourj  deep  things  of  God,  how  can  we  expect  to  sec 
friends  left  the  place.  I  have  never  forgotten  and  to  know  bow  to  carry  on  the  things  per-] 
the  circumstance  or  my  impressions  at  that  taining  to  the  church  of  God  without  a  por- 
time;  and  I  have  often  felt  glad  that  the  scene  tion  of  his  Spirit  to  enlighten,  guide  and  direct 
was  of  such  a  description,  because  my  judg-  us?  But  how  prone  the  bus}',  restless  mind 
ment  was  then  quite  settled;  and  though  of  man  is,  to  endeavor  to  find  out  the  un- 
some  who  are  in  the  practice  of  attending  searchable  things  of  God,  by  human  wisdom  ! 
such  places  have  often  tried  to  persuade  me:  But  they  are  hid  from  the  wise  and  prudent 
to  go,  telling  me  that  my  judgment  was  of  this  world  and  revealed  only  to  those  who1 
formed  on  the  worst  example,  possible,  I  have'are  as  babes  or  little  ones  in  Christ  Jesus,' 
never  feit  at  liberty  to  do  so,  persuaded  as  IJThen,  how  vain  for  man,  in  his  blindness,  to 
am  that  if  those  who  do  attend  these  places  attempt  to  perform  spiritual  duties  in  his  own 
are  not  shocked,  it  is  because  they  have  been  natural  strength  !  or  to  carry  on  the  works 


to  it  by  degrees,  and  that  if  a  woman': 
modesty  can  be  thus  blunted,  the  influence 
must  be  unfavorable  on  her  mind 

To  which  I  would  add  the  remark  that, 
when  any,  in  going  to  a  place  of  entertain 
ment,  find  themselves  tempted  to  cast  aside 
the  plain  or  simple  attire  which  they  ma}' 
have  customarily  worn,  let  them  consider 
how  they  are  therein  departing  from  the 
truth,  and  treading  upon  ground  whereon 
they  feel  that  Christ  cannot  bear  them  com- 
pany. 

The  writer  may  be  allowed  briefly  to  add, 
with  respect  to  his  own  experience  (being 
previous  to  his  uniting  in  membership  with  a 
religious  society)  that  his  great  fondness  for 
music  drew  him  into  attendance  at  the  opera, 
which  he  held  to  be  less  objectionable  than 
the  theatre.  Nevertheless,  being  one  evening 
on  his  way  to  an  entertainment  of  this  kind, 
and  but  a  few  steps  from  his  home  in  the  city, 
he  was  met  in  the  way  by  the  merciful  Spirit 
of  Christ,  who  gave  him  to  see  that  by  ai  tend- 
ance at  such  a  place — though  accounted  the 
first  of  its  class — ho  was  countenancing  per- 
formances concerning  which  he  would  have 
no  peace  were  his  own  brother  or  sister,  or 
other  loved  relative  or  friend  among  the 
singers  and  actors;   that  it  was  not  a  resort 


of  God  by  the  wisdom  of  this  world.  But  so 
it  is.  And  the  church  languishes.  And  no 
marvel,  while  so  many  of  its  leaders  are  so 
blinded  by  the  god  of  this  world  as  to  takei 
evil  for  good,  and  good  for  evil,  light  for  dark- 
ness, and  darkness  for  light,  and  seek  the 
applause  of  men  more  than  the  glory  of  God. 
Hence  "not  man}-  wise  men  after  the  flesh, 
not  many  mighty,  not  many  noble  are  called" 
to  the  work  of  the  Lord  ;  that  no  flesh  should 
glory  in  his  presence. 

But  though  they  are  not  called  to  the  work, 
many  appear  to  be  taking  an  active  hold  of 
the  work  of  the  church,  because  the  form  of 
godliness  without  the  power,  has  got  to  be  so 
popular  in  the  visible  church  of  our  modern 
days:  while  too  few  are  living  and  acting  in 
the  strength  of  God.  But  the  great  lack, 
which  underlays  it  all,  is  personal  holiness  or 
regeneration — being  born  again  and  made 
new  creatures  in  Christ.  But  this  new  and 
heavenly  birth  which  is  begotten  in  us  by  the 
Quickening  Spirit,  will  not  be  brought  for 
only  as  the  old  birth  which  is  of  corruptible 
seed,  (like  we  all  since  the  fall  have)  is  re- 
moved from  us,  out  of  the  way.  For  the  nev 
birth  is  "not  of  blood  nor  of  the  will  of  tbo 
flesh,  nor  of  the  will  of  man,  but  of  God." 
And  when  we,  as  individuals,  are  thus  created 


THE    FBIEND. 


307 


mew,  and  made  holy,  the  church  of  which 
ve  arc  members,  being  made  up  of  such,  will 
jcconie  pure  also  ;  and  be  prepared  lo  join 
he  church  triumphant  in  heaven. 

So  all  church  reformations  must  arise  from 
ndividual  holiness — a  being  horn  again.  Then 
vill  we  be  prepared  to  watch  over  one  another 
or  good  and  not  for  evil ;  and  to  feed  the 
lock  with  wholesome  food,  over  which  the 
loly  Ghost  has  made  us  overseers.  And  we 
hall  arise  as  our  church  in  its  primitive  purity. 
\.nd  judges  will  be  restored  as  at  the  first, 
ml  counsellors  as  at  the  beginning;  and 
our  offerings  will  be  pleasant  unto  the  Lord, 
is  in  days  of  old,  and  as  in  former  years." 

O  how  I  have  longed  for  a  revival  of  pure 
.ml  undefiled  religion  amongst  us!  A  re- 
igion  which  would  not  need  a  man-made 
•revival"  every  few  months  to  keep  it  alive. 
V  religion  that  will  show  itself  more  in  power, 
md  less  in  words.  "  For  the  kingdom  of  God 
s  not  in  word  but  in  power."  And  ''the 
;ospel  is  not  in  word  only,  but  also  in  power." 
\.nd  if  we  would  have  this  gospel  power  more 
o  prevail  amongst  us,  we  must  look  more  to 
.hat  Arm  of  power  which  first  gathered  us  to 
)e  a  people  ;  and  less  to  the  arm  of  flesh  ;  and 


embrace,  both  his  death  without  us,  and  his 
life  and  works  within  us.  All — grace,  faith 
and  salvation, — being  the  gift  of  Cod.  Jlc  is 
both  the  author  and  finisher  of  it  all.  So  it  is 
not  a  faith  which  some  seem  to  think  a  mere 
faculty  of  the  mind,  which  we  ma}-,  by  our 
own  exertion,  work  up  into  a  saving  faith 
which  will  give  us  an  easy  passport  into  the 
realms  of  glory. 

O  the  deceivableness  of  unrighteousness! 
I  live  where  I  have  opportunity  to  hear  many 
strange  views;  and  all  sorts  of  preaching 
nearly,  except  the  gospel.  But,  thank  God, 
we  have  a  portion  of  that  at  times;  yet  it 
takes  discernment  to  enable  us  to  discern  be- 
tween the  true  and  the  false.  I  will  instance 
one  case  which  occurred  lately,  in  our  meet- 
ing here  at  Dublin.  A  favorite  text  was 
brought  to  view  and  dwelt  on,  "If  we  walk 
in  the  light,  as  He  (God)  is  in  the  light,  we 
have  fellowship  one  with  another,  and  the 
blood  of  Jesus  Christ  his  Son  eleanseth  us 
from  all  sin."  I  at  first  thought  it  was  sound, 
and  wondered  at  it.  But  soon  found  it  was 
the  light  of  the  Scriptures  that  we  were  to 
walk  in,  and  then  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ 
Id  cleanse  us  from  all  sin.    They  hold  that 


ve  must  have  more  faith  in  the  power  of  God,  j  the  Scripture  is  the  word  of  God,  and  that 
»nd  less  in  the  wisdom  of  men.  For  as  our  (that  word  is  a  lamp  to  their  feet,  and  a  light 
aith  is,  so  will  it  be  unto  us.  Our  zeal  for  to  their  pathway  :  and  that  the  Scriptures  are 
xod  must  be  according  to  an  experimental  the  only  revelation  we  need.  And  that  God 
cnowledge  of  Him  before  it  will  be  of  any  who  in  divers  manners  spake  to  the  fathers, 
ivail  in  helping  others  onward  in  the  heavenry  now  speaks  to  us  by  his  Son,  through  the 
race.  We  must  be  first  keepers  of  our  own  Scriptures  ;  and  that  He  says,  the  words  that 
/ineyards,  before  turning  out  to  help  others  lie  there  speaks  to  them,  "are  spirit  and  are 
n  keeping  theirs.  Our  eyes  must  be  anointed  life."  Thus  we  see  bow  many  inventions  are 
with  the  eyesalve  of  the  holy  kingdom,  before  sought  out  to  turn  us  from  light  to  darkness, 
weean  see  clearly  to  cast  out  the  mote  out  of  and  from  the  power  of  God  to  the  power  of 
1  brother's  eye.  We  may  be  very  zealous  in  Satan  ;  from  the  inward  to  the  outward  ;  and 
professing  lo  build  up  the  broken  walls  of  our  [to  induce  us  to  cover  ourselves  with  a  cover- 
Bon;  crying  out  "the  temple  of  the  Lord,  ing,  but  not  of  his  Spirit,  that  we  may  add 
the  temple  of  the  Lord,"  and  yet  not  be  our-: sin  to  sin. 
Selves  as  lively  stones  in  the  heavenly  build-l     Dublin,  Ind.,  4th  mo.  1 

If  we  want  a  living  church,  we  must  be 
members  ourselves.  We  must  apply  with 
more  earnest  faith  to  Him  who  is  the  life  and 
the  light  of  men  ;  and  cease  to  seek  the  living 
among  the  dead.     We  must  not  be  content  to 


The  Moral  Effect.-;  of  Drunkenness.—  Tbi; 

loss  of  self-respect,  the  lowering  of  ambition 

and  the  fading  out  of  hope,  are  signs  of  the 

progress  of  this  disease  in  the  character.     It 

worship   in   the   outward   court,    but    in   the  is  a°  mournful  spectacle — that  of  the  brave. 

ngenuous,  high-spirited  man  sinking  steadily 


temple,  before  the  altar.  For  the  outward 
court,  with  its  worship,  was  to  be  trodden 
down  of  the  Gentiles. 

I  fear  that  another  of  the  great  hindering 
things  that  obstructs  our  life  and  growth  and 
prosperity  as  a  church,  is  the  defective  views 
which  seem  to  be  insidiously  working  in 
amongst  us  concerning  the  great  Author  of 
jr  salvation.  Christ  said  to  his  followers, 
Ye  believe  in  God  ;  believe  also  in  me."  Now 
I  think  that  a  saving  faith  in  Him,  must  em- 
brace Him  in  the  way  of  bis  coming,  and  in 
all  his  fulness;  not  only  as  a  ransom  for  the 
sins  of  the  world,  but  also  as  a  refiner  and 
purifier  of  the  heart.  It  is  by  this  inward 
work,  that  we  may  receive  the  practical 
benefit  of  his  death  and  sufferings.  We  must 
believe  in  Him  as  the  true  light  which  lighteth 
every  man  that  eometh  into  the  world.  It 
was  by  the  grace  of  God  that  He  tasted  death 
for  every  man,  even  for  those  who  may  never 
have  seen  the  Scriptures.  But  we  are  not 
saved  by  his  death  alone ;  but  only  put  in  a 
capacity  for  salvation.  As  we  are  obedient 
to  the  effectual  workings  of  his  Holy  Spirit 
in  us,  we  are  redeemed  from  all  iniquity,  and 
purified  unto  Himself  a  peculiar  people  zeal- 
ous of  good  works.  So  it  is  by  grace  we  are 
saved,  through  faith.     And  this  faith  must 


I'l, 


day* 


late  days  in  the  year  arc  tl 
ertain  classes  of  people  find  their  chief 
occupation  in  regretting.  For  eleven  months 
they  have  done  scarcely  anything  but  let  op- 
portunities pass,  and  then  they  spend  the 
twelfth  month  in  regretting  the  eleven.  Nei- 
ther of  these  ways  of  living  can  be  com- 
mended. The  latter  may  or  may  not  be 
better  employment  than  the  former.  Re- 
gretting is  a  good  exercise  when  it  works 
thorough  and  genuine  repentance  and  new 
and  faithful  living  afterward.     It  was  good 

n  the  prodigal  son,  good  in  Peter,  good  in 
Paul.  But  ofttimes  nothing  whatever  comes 
of  it,  save  a  transient  period  of  sadness  and  a 
few   resolutions,  tearfully    made    to-day  and 

eedlessly  forgotten  or  ignored  to-morrow. 
The  people  who  regret  their  poor  living,  with 
umerable  failures  in  duty,  can  only  prove 
the  sincerity  and  value  of  their  regrets  by 
earnest  fidelity  and  energetic  activity  in  all 
duty. 

No  doubt,  however,  many  excellent  people, 
who  really  have  done  their  year's  work  com- 
mendably.  have  regrets  in  their  personal  re- 
trospect during  the"  closing  days.  There  are 
many  hours  every  year  in  which  nothing 
worthy  or  enduring  is  accomplished.  There 
are  whole  days  which  are  practically  wasted, 
though  they  may  have  been  our  busiest  days. 
Nothing  comes  out  of  their  feverish  exertion. 
All  their  bustling  work  proves  afterward  to 
have  been  but  like  the  children's  writing  and 
building  on  the  ocean  beach  when  the  tide  is 
at  the  ebb,  of  which  not  a  trace  remains  to- 
morrow. The  best  of  us,  in  looking  back,  see 
man}-  things  which  we  could  have  done  far 
better  had  we  been  more  wise  or  more  skilful. 
We  see  great  opportunities  which  we  let  slip 
while  we  were  running  after  trifles.  True, 
we  thought  at  tho  time  that  we  were  doing 
the  best  and  greatest  things,  but  after-wisdom 
is  so  much  truer  than  the  wisdom  wo  can 
command  as  we  go  along,  that  we  often  find 
we  have  passed  by  gold  and  diamonds  and 
picked  up  bits  of  brass  and  tin. 

Moreover,  when  we  come  to  the  end  of  a 
year,  no  matter  how  much  we  have  done,  so 
many  things  remain  untouched  which  we  had 
planned  to  do,  or  which  we  now  see  we  ought 
to  have  done,  that  our  satisfaction  with  what 
we  have  accomplished  is  deeply  shadowed 
with  regrets  over  what  we  have  failed  to  ac- 
complish. -Duty  always  appears  too  great  to 
earnest  man.     When  he  has  done  ail  that 


lown  into  the  degradation  of  inebriety;  but 
how  man}-  such  spectacles  are  visible  all  over 
the  land!  And  it  is  not  in  the  character  of 
those  alone  who  are  notorious  drunkards  that 
such  tendencies  appear.  They  are  often  dis- 
tinctly seen  in  the  lives  of  men  who  are  never 

drunk.     Sir  Henry  Thompson's  testimony  is' ;t  was  ;n  n;8  p0WCr  to  do  he  has  only  touched 
emphatic  to  the  effect  that  "  the  habitual  use  th.e  e(i„e  0f  VVDat  it  seems  to  him  he  ought  to 
of  fermented  liquors,  to  an  extent  far  short  of  |Dave  done, 
what   is   necessary  to    produce  intoxication, 
injures  the  body,  and  diminishes  the  mental 
power."    If,  as  he  testifies,  a  large  proportion 
of  the  most  painful  and  dangerous  maladies 


of  the  body  are  due  to  "the  use  of  fermented 
liquors,  taken  in  the  quantity  which  is  con- 
ventionally deemed  moderate,"  then  it  is  cer- 
tain that  such  use  of  them  must  result  also 
in  serious  injuries  to  the  mental  and  moral 
nature.  The  brain  is  so  often  inflamed  with 
alcohol  that  its  functions  are  imperfectly  per- 
formed, and  there  is  a  perceptible  loss  of 
mental  power  and  of  moral  tone.    The  drin 


1  Labor  with  what  zeal  we  will, 

Something  still  remains  undone, 
Something  uncompleted  still 
Waits  the  rising  of  the  sun. 


"  By  the  bedside,  on  the  stair, 

At  the  threshold,  near  the  gates, 
With  its  menace  or  its  prayer, 
Like  a  mendicant  it  awaits." 
Yet  many  of  these  regrets  are  unjust  to  him 
who  cherishes  them.     When   we   have  done 
our  duty  day  by  day,  faithfully  and  earnestly, 
according  to  the  light  and  the  wisdom  granted 
to  us  at  the  time,  it  ought  not  to  cause  us 
ar  that  we  might 


ho  regret  afterward  if  it  appec 
his  have  done  it  with  more  wi 


.s  not  conscious  of  this  loss;  but  those 

know  him  best  are  painfully  aware  that  his  have  done  it  with  more  wisdom  or  greater 
perceptions  arc  less  keen,  his  judgments  less  skill.  We  cannot  get  the  benefits  of  experi- 
sound,  his  temper  less  serene,  his  vision  less  ence  until  we  have  had  the  experience.  We 
clear,  because  he  tarries  every  day  a  little  too1  cannot  see  things  from  the  other  side  till  we 
long  at  the  wine—  The  Century.  'get  to  the  other  side.     The  true  way  to  live 


308 


THE    FRIEND. 


is  to  bring  to  each  duty,  as  it  comes  to  our 
hand,  our  wisest  thought  and  our  best  skill 
doing  what  appears  to  us  at  the  time  to  be 
the  right  thing  to  do.  If  we  see  in  the  retro 
spect  that  we  might  have  done  better  or  mon 
wisely,  let  us  lay  up  the  wisdom  among  tin 
lessons  of  experience  to  be  used  in  meeting 
the  duties  that  come  afterward,  but  let  us 
never  waste  a  moment  in  unavailing  regret 
over  what  is  now  an  unalterable  fact  anion 
the  acts  of  our  past.  We  really  have  no 
second  chances  in  life.  We  never  can  do  any 
thing  over  again  to  correct  or  amend  it.  It 
is  foil}',  therefore,  to  spend  a  moment  in 
gretting;  it  is  wisdom  to  transmute  our  past 
mistakes  into  better  and  truer  doing  in  the 
future. 

Then,  as  to  leaving  things  untouched,  which 
we  meant  todo,  or  unfinished,  which  we  began 
to  do,  that  is  an  inevitable  part  of  all  earthly 
experience.  The  best  and  completest  of  men 
are  only  fractions.  We  are  beset  by  coi 
less  limitations.  We  can  do  nothing  perfectly, 
and  we  can  do  at  all  but  a  few  of  the  things 
that  seem  to  belong  to  our  range  of  duties 
The  most  skilful  hand  can  never  execute  all 
that  a  quick  brain  and  a  loving  heart  inspire, 
Some  of  us  think  we  ought  to  do,  or  try  to 
do,  everything  that  we  see  about  us  needing 
to  be  done.  We  read  in  the  Holy  Book  that 
whatsoever  our  hand  findeth  to  do  we  ought 
to  do  with  our  might.  But  the  hands  that 
are  ready  to  be  useful  "find"  far  more  than 
they  can  possibly  do.  No  one  can  do  every 
thing.  Much  that  it  appears  very  desirable 
to  do  must  be  crowded  out  of  every  good  life. 
We  are  not  to  imagine  that  God  has  no  other 
servants  to  do  the  things  which  we  cannot 
do;  or  that,  if  we  die  and  leave  anything  un- 
finished, He  will  not  find  some  other  to  take 
up  the  uncompleted  tasks  and  carry  them  on 
to  completion. 

"  Fret  not  that  thy  day  is  gone, 

And  the  task  is  still  undone. 

'Twas  not  thine,  it  seems,  at  all : 

Near  to  thee  it  chanced  to  fall, 

Close  enough  to  stir  thy  brain, 

And  to  vex  thy  heart  in  vain. 

"  Somewhere,  in  a  nook  forlorn, 
Yesterday  a  habe  was  born  : 
He  shall  do  thy  waiting  task  ; 
All  thy  questions  he  shall  ask, 
And  the  answers  will  be  given, 
Whispered  lightly  out  of  heaven. 

"  His  shall  be  no  stumbling  feet, 
Falling  where  they  should  be  fleet;] 
He  shall  hold  no  broken  clue; 
Friends  shall  unto  him  be  true; 
Men  shall  love  him  ;  falsehood's  aim 
Shall  not  shatter  his  good  name. 

"  Day  shall  nerve  his  arm  with  light, 
Slumber  soothe  him  all  the  night; 
Summer's  peace  and  winter's  storm 
Help  him  all  his  will  perform. 
'Tie  enough  of  joy  for  thee 
His  high  service  to  foresee." 

—  The  Westminster  Teacher. 


Ireland,  which  is  now  the  most  bigoted 
papistical  country  on  the  face  of  the  earth, 
was  a  thousand  years  ago  the  most  enlight- 
ened region  of  the  west.  "Her  learned  men 
were  the  pride  of  courts,  and  her  missionaries 
carried  the  pure  Gospel  far  and  wide.  Ger- 
many and  Switzerland,  to  a  great  extent, 
were  Christianized  from  Ireland.  Her  mes- 
sengers went  forth  by  bands  of  twelve  ;  twelve 
brethren  under  an  abbot,  with  their  wives 
and  families,  forming  the  nucleus  of  a  com- 
munity," and   settled   in  the  wilds  of  some 


heathen  land.  Such  was  the  Church  of  the 
Culdees,  which,  and  not  Rome,  was  chiefly 
instrumental  in  Christianizing  the  heart  ol 
Western  Europe. — Evangelical  Christendom. 


For  "The  Friend.' 

HYMN  OF  PEAISE. 
Thou  loved  me  in  my  infant  years, 
Thou  bottled  up  my  childish  tears, 

And  drew  rue  all  alone 
To  thy  dear  feet,  whence  all  my  cries 
And  penitential  tears  and  sighs, 

Ascended  to  thy  throne. 

In  solitude  my  tears  were  strewn, 
To  other  eyes  than  thine  unknown; 

Thou  bowed  me  at  thy  feet, 
And  made  me  long  to  know  thy  will ; 
Thou  whispered  in  my  soul,  Be  still, 

I  felt  thy  presence  sweet. 

Thou  watched  me  when  I  turned  away, 
Thou  taught  my  infant  lips  to  pray, 

And,  when  1  loved  to  roam, 
Thou,  in  that  love  that  is  of  thee, 
Did'st  strive  to  set  my  spirit  free 

And  bring  the  wanderer  home. 

With  love  as  boundless  as  thy  power, 
Thou  warned  of  danger  in  the  hour 

When  tempting  snares  were  laid  ; 
And  when  I  turned  again  from  sin 
And  sought  to  find  thee  near,  within, 

Thou  all  my  fears  allayed. 

O  how  shall  I  the  debt  defray  ! 
Thy  blood  alone  can  wash  away, 

And  all  my  stains  remove. 
Lord,  I  have  naught  to  plead  but  grace; 
Wash  thou  my  feet,  my  hands,  my  face, 

In  thy  unbounded  love. 

Thy  grace  has  followed  to  this  day, — 
Till  auburn  locks  have  turned  to  grey — 

And  thy  untiring  love; 
No  pen'can  tell  thy  goodness,  Lord, 
Let  praise  ascend  wilh  one  accord 

To  Thee,  who  reigns  above ! 

In  the  sweet  sense  of  sins  forgiven, 

O,  praise  the  Lamb  who  reigns  in  heaven, 

Who  died  upon  the  cross  ! 
Thou  trod  the  thorny  road  before; 
Praises  to  thee  forevermore, 

Who  purifies  from  dross! 

Thou  wilt  not  add  one  needless  pain. 
All  self  must  die  if  we  would  reign 

With  thee  in  realms  of  bliss. 
Thy  will  alone  is  best  for  me. 
Thy  rod  but  brings  me  nearer  thee. 

Shall  I  this  blessing  miss? 

E'en  bitter  conflicts,  sent  in  love 
To  lead  us  to  the  courts  above, 
Are  blessings  sen!  from  thee; 
Oh,  humble  us  still  more  and  more, 
Till  tilted  for  that  glorious  shore, 
Where  we  thv  face  shall  see  ! 

A. 
Coal  Creek,  Iowa,  24th  of  3d  mo.  1884. 


A  EEMINISCENCE. 
Once,  when  I  was  a  little  boy, 

I  sat  me  down  to  cry, 
Because  my  little  brother  had 

"The  biggest  piece  of  pie." 

'Twas  not  but  I  had  quite  enough, 

But  then  I  couldn't  see 
The  reason  why  a  partial  nurse 

Should  give  him  more  than  me. 

They  said  I  was  a  naughty  boy, 
But  I  have  oft  seen  men 

Behave  themselves  as  foolishly 
As  I  behaved  just  then. 

For  we  are  often  thankless  for 
Rich  blessings  when  we  sigh 

To  think  some  favored  brother  has 
A  "  bigger  piece"  of  pie. 


A  Leap  for  Life. 

[A  short  notice  of  this  occurrence,  taken 
from  a  Scottish  paper,  was  published  in  "The 
Friend"  perhaps  30  years  ago,  probably  about 
the  time  that  it  happened.  The  following 
more  detailed  narrative  will  be  read  with  in- 
terest.] 

When  I  was  a  young  fellow,  now  many  years 
ago,  I  frequently  spent  part  of  my  vacations 
with  an  uncle  who  lived  in  a  beautiful  part 
of  Wales,  and  whose  house  was  only  a  mile 
or  two  from  the  coast — in  that  neighborhood 
very  wild  and  precipitous,  and  remarkable 
for  the  peculiar  character  of  the  strata  of 
which  many  of  the  wave  and  weather  beaten 
cliffs  were  composed.  My  uncle  was  a  keenr 
geologist,  and  had  imbued  me  with  some  of 
his  own  interest  in  the  subject;  and  many  a 
long  and  pleasant  ramble  we  had  together, 
armed  with  our  little  hammers  and  specimen- 
cases  ;  sometimes  starting  directly  after  break- 
fast and  remaining  absent  till  the  evening, 
either  carrying  our  simple  luncheon  with  us, 
or  adjourning  for  refreshment  to  some  humble 
village  hostelry,  when  such  happened  to  be] 
within  easy  reach. 

During  one  of  my  visits  to  my  uncle  he  had 
at  the  same  time  as  guests  two  professional" 
geologists  of  some  eminence,  who  had  heard 
of  the  special  facilities  the  neighborhood  af- 
forded for  the  pursuit  of  their  favorite  science, 
and  had  had  some  correspondence  with  my 
uncle  on  the  subject,  which  resulted  in  their 
receiving  an  invitation  from  my  hospitable 
relative  to  come  to  his  house  and  judge  of  the 
matter  for  themselves.  This  invitation  was 
accepted,  and  the  geologists  arrived — two' 
very  pleasant,  well-informed  men. 

For  the  first  day  or  two  we  contented  our- 
selves with  showing  the  strangers  the  features 
of  scientific  interest  more  immediately  in  the 
vicinity,  and  with  these  they  were  greatly 
gratified.  But  my  uncle  was  anxious  that 
they  should  inspect  a  district  some  miles  off, 
peculiarly  rich  in  specimens,  and  which  ho 
had  himself  visited  several  years  before,  but 
never  since  I  bad  been  the  companion  of  his 
expeditions;  therefore  it  was  new  to  me  as 
well  as  to  our  guests.  Everything  was  ar- 
ranged for  our  start,  and  we  set  off  after  an 
early  breakfast,  driving  the  first  portion  of 
the  distance,  and  putting  up  our  trap  at  a 
farmhouse  to  await  our  return,  while  we  pur- 
sued the  remainder  of  our  excursion  on  foot. 
It  was  an  exquisite  day,  and  as  we  walked 
along  the  cliffs — here  of  very  remarkable 
icight  and  magnificence — we  indulged  in  loud 
expressions  of  admiration  at  the  beauty  of 
the  scenery,  the  bold  line  of  coast  stretching 
away  for  miles  on  each  side,  the  tremendous 
precipices  descending  sheer  to  the  blue  waters 
that  lapped  their  base,  only  hero  and  there 
broken  by^  some  jagged  and  pointed  rocks 
that  threatened  rapid  destruction  to  any  un- 
fortunate vessel  which  should  be  cast  upon 
tbem. 

Our  expedition  was  a  great  success.  Many 
rare  specimens  of  different  fossils  were  added 
to  our  collections,  and  my  uncle  was  much 
atified  that  his  exertions  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  his  guests  had  been  so  satisfactorily 
arded.  Wo  had  taken  some  sandwiches 
with  us,  and  we  greatly  enjoyed  our  lunch 
'tiring  an  interval  of  cessation  from  our  geo- 
>^ical  researches.  By  this  time  we  had 
reached  the  extreme  end  of  our  expedition, 
and  were  on  the  point  of  retracing  our  steps, 


THE    FRIEND. 


S09 


hen  one  of  the  strangers  expressed  a  desire 
round  a  promontory  a  short  distance  ahead 

as  to  inspect  the  line  of  coast  just  beyond. 
pe  proposal  was  agreed  to,  and  we  all  started 
ong  the  cliff,  -which  at  this  place  was  of  a 
5ser  altitude  than  at  some  points  we  had 
eviously  passed,  though  still  it  was  about 
ty  or  sixty  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
hich  at  the  time  was  at  full  flow  and  washed 
rainst  the  rocky  wall  below  us.  To  round 
e  promontory  we  found  it  was  necessary  to 
iscend  a  little  way,  and  then  proceed  along 
narrow  ledge  of  projecting  rock,  so  very 
irrow  in  some  parts  that  it  would  have  been 
ipossible  for  any  one  to  have  attempted  the 
.ssage  unless  he  had  a  remarkably  good  and 
sady  head. 

We  were  all  experienced  climbers,  so  the 
ik  was  disregarded,  and  the  two  geologists 
d  my  uncle  had  just  turned  round  a  rut  her 
arp  angle,  and  I  was  closely  following,  when 
e  rock  on  which  I  trod  suddenly  gave  way 
ider  my  feet,  and  after  a  brief  but  ineffectual 
ruggle  I  slipped  down,  with  my  face  towards 
o  sea.  Uttering  a  cry,  I  instinctively  flung' 
y  hands  upwards;  one  of  them  in  some 
arvellous  manner  caught  a  projecting  por- 
>n  of  the  ledge;  the  other  was  strcmgly 
asped  by  my  uncle,  who,  being  mercifully 
)se  to  me,  turned  at  my  shout  and  instantly 
ized  hold  of  my  extended  hand.     For  two] 

three  minutes  my  brave  relative,  who, 
ough  an  elderly,  was  a  very  powerful  man, 
Id  me  suspended  in  this  frightful  manner, 
lile  he  endeavored  to  take  in  the  situation 
d  decide  on  a  plan  of  action.  Our  horrified 
ends  were  powerless  to  help,  as  they  could 
it  possibly  get  near  me  on  account  of  the 
rrowness  of  the  ledge,  which  afforded  even 
y  uncle  a  most  precarious  footing,  and  ren- 
red  useless  an)-  attempt  to  raise  me  from 
y  dreadful  position.  I  was  young,  and  life 
is  very  sweet  to  me,  but  I  felt  that  my  last 
oment  was  at  band.  Another  second  or 
•o  must  end  the  matter;  so  severe  a  strain 
uld  no  longer  be  endured  ;  our  hands  must 
asen  their  hold,  and  I  must  inevitably  be 
shed  to  pieces  on  the  rocks  I  had  observed 
the  foot  of  the  precipice. 
There  was  an  instant  of  breathless  silence, 
iring  which  time  my  uncle  had  clearly  real- 
pi  the  critical  nature  of  the  situation,  and 
eided  on  a  plan  of  action.  He  looked  over, 
id  saw  that  just  below  the  spot  where  I  was 
spended  there  was  a  rugged  projection  of 
ck.  If  I  fell  on  this  my  fate  was  sealed  ; 
i  power  could  save  me  from  death.  Beyond 
is  rock  was  water,  possibly  of  a  depth  suffi- 
3nt  to  break  the  force  of  a  fall,  if  only  that 
ater  could  be  reached  ;  but  in  this  lay  all 
e  difficulty.     My  uncle  was  a  good  as  well 

a  brave  man  ;  he  loved  me  as  the  son  of  a 
iad  sister,  and  he  was  willing  to  dare  every- 
ing  to  save  me ;  but  he  did  not  undervalue 
e  nature  of  the  awful  risk  he  was  under- 
lying on  my  behalf,  and  he  knew  that  he 
as  going  to  take  his  own  life  in   his  hands 

well  as  mine.  Breathing  a  prayer  for 
vine  protection,  he  said  quietly  but  firmly, 
rom,  there  is  but  one  waj'  for  it.  I'll  save 
>u,  or  we  will  both  perish  together.  When 
say  the  word  take  your  hand  from  the  rock, 
ow  !" 

As  my  uncle  loudly  said  ''Xow  !''  I  relaxed 
y  hold  of  the  rock  ;  and  at  the  same  instant 
y  uncle  made  an  immense  effort  and  sprang 
)rizontally  into  the  air,  carrying  me  with 
m  and  retaining  his  hold  of  my  hand  as  we 


rushed  violently  down,  turning  over  in  our 
headlong  descent.  I  cannot  pretend  to  say 
that  1  ever  very  distinctly  recollected  my  sen- 
sations during  those  awful  seconds,  for  it  was 
nothing  more.  I  bad  my  senses  pretty  clearly 
while  I  hung  from  the  rock,  and  I  can  recall 
the  gasping  feeling  which  I  experienced  as  I 
took  my  hand  away:  but  beyond  that  all  is 
chaos.  So  great  was  the  force  with  which  my 
uncle  leaped  that  he  completely  cleared  the 
projecting  ledge,  and  we  fell  into  the  sea, 
which  was  deep  enough  to  break  our  fall, 
though  the  violence  of  the  shock  unloosed  our 
grasp  of  each  other.  Half  stunned  as  we  were, 
the  cold  water  probably  acted  as  a  restora- 
tive. We  were  both  excellent  swimmers,  and 
a  moment  or  two  later  we  were  breasting  the 
waves,  fortunately  not  too  boisterous  for  our 
sorely-tried  strength.  We  rose  about  twenty 
yards  apart,  at  some  little  distance  from  the 
rocky  ledge,  and  rather  nearer  a  flattish  rock 
which  reared  its  head  from  the  billows.  For 
this  shelter  we  made,  and  loo  deep  for  utter- 
ance were  the  feelings  with  which  we  took 
each  other's  hands  and  gazed  into  each  other's 
eyes. 
'"Thank  God,  my  boy!"  at  last  said  my 
uncle  fervently. 

11 1  do,  uncle  ;  and  you  too.  Where  should 
I  have  been  now  but  for  you  ?" 

'•  Hush,  Tom.  Thank  God.  we're  both  safe. 
It  was  an  ugly  jump,  no  doubt  of  that." 

We  both  shuddered  as  we  gazed  on  the 
precipice  frowning  above  us,  on  the  top  of 
which  we  could  see  our  two  so  recently  horror- 
stricken  friends,  wildly  waving  their  hats  in 
a  transport  of  joy  at  their  di.-covery  of  us  on 
the  rock,  apparently  safe  and  sound. 

A  hearty  cheer  in  reply  assured  them  of 
our  safety;  and  then  my  uncle  shouted  to 
them  some  directions  as  to  the  course  they 
were  to  pursue  in  endeavoring  to  procure 
assistance  for  our  rescue.  Owing  to  the  width 
of  ledgo  broken  off  where  I  fell,  their  return 
by  the  same  route  was  impossible  ;  and  a  long 
and  perilous  walk  had  to  be  undertaken  before 
they  were  themselves  in  security,  where  they 
immediately  sought  out  means  of  deliverance 
for  my  uncle  and  myself. 

But  in  the  meantime  the  noise  made  by  our 
shouting  had  attracted  the  notice  of  a  fisher 
man  who  lived  in  a  little  cottage  under  the 
cliffs,  at  a  place  where  the  shore  receded  and 
left  bare  a  tiny  creek,  where  a  small  boat  was 
moored.  He* had  clambered  over  the  crag 
that  hid  us  from  his  sight;  and  as  soon  as  he 
spied  the  two  figures  standing  on  the  solitary 
rock  our  situation  became  apparent  to  him, 
and  he  lost  no  time  in  launching  his  boat  and 
coming  to  our  assistance.  Truly  thankful 
we  were  for  the  timely  aid.  We  were  both 
soaked  to  the  skin  and  shivering  with  cold, 
and  the  rock  was  far  too  small  for  any  attempt 
at  exercise.  A  very  short  time  saw  us  in  the 
cosy  interior  of  the  fisherman's  cottage,  where 
a  bright  little  fire  was  burning,  very  welcome 
to  us  in  our  chilled  condition  ;  while  his  kindly 
Wife  busied  herself  in  preparations  for  our 
comfort,  and  ransacked  her  humble  stores  for 
a  supply  of  dry  garments,  also  highly  ac- 
ceptable. 

Little  remains  to  be  told.  When  we  were 
quite  rested  and  refreshed,  and  our  clothes 
were  dry  enough  to  be  worn,  the  fisherman 
conducted  us  to  the  top  of  the  cliffs  by  a  cir- 
cuitous little  path,  which  in  some  places  un- 
pleasantly recalled  our  recent  experiences. 
We  reached  the  summit  in  safety,  however, 


and  made  the  best  of  our  way  to  the  farm 
house  where  we  had  left  our  conveyance.  The 
fisherman  undertook  to  apprize  our  friends 
of  our  whereabouts,  they  having  procured  a 
boat  at  the  revenue  station,  and  come  round 
the  coast  in  ber,  to  point  out  to  her  crew  the 
exact  spot  of  our  confinement. 

Having  liberally  rewarded  those  who  had 
so  willingly  assisted  us  in  our  extremity,  we 
returned  home,  our  bodies  fatigued  by  the 
varied  exertions  and  excitements  of  the  day, 
our  minds  penetrated  with  lasting  gratitude 
towards  the  Almighty  Being  who  had  brought 
us  through  so  man}-  perils,  and  had  mercifully 
preserved  us  from  the  jaws  of  a  sudden  and 
terrible  destruction. —  Chambers'  Journal. 


A  great  part  of  practical  wisdom  consists 
in  the  simple  art  of  letting  perplexing  ques- 
tions remain  open  ;  and,  conversely,  one  of  the 
greatest,  as  well  as  one  of  the  commonest, 
mistakes  which  men  make,  is  to  imagine  that 
all  questions  must  be  settled  before  one  can 
go  calmly  on  in  the  quiet  business  of  duty- 
doing.  When  the  world  begins  to  commend 
the  wisdom  of  the  farmer  who  refuses  to  plant 
his  potatoes  until  he  has  settled  the  vexed 
question  of  the  number  of  the  elements,  it  may 
he  time  to  begin  debating  whether  Christian 
duties  have  no  binding  claim  upon  men,  until 
the  open  questions  of  biblical  criticism  or  of 
religious  philosophy  find  a  universally  ac- 
cepted solution.  Meanwhile,  the  greatest  wis- 
dom which  the  average  Christian  can  show 
in  the  circumstances  is  to  go  bravely  about 
his  daily  work,  and  let  the  open  questions  re- 
main open. 

"  What  I  say  unto  you,  I  say  unto  all, 
Watch."  The  watch,  with  constancy  main- 
tained, will  lead  to  prayer.  Praying  always 
with  all  prayer  and  supplication  in  the  Spirit, 
and  watching  thereunto,  will  lead  the  soul  to 
God;  to  whom  all  power  belongs.  "  Blessed 
will  be  those  servants  who  are  found  so  doing." 
Great  will  be  their  peace  while  here;  glorious 
their  reward  hereafter. — D.  Wheeler. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Taming  Wild  Humming  Birds.— X  lady  re- 
siding at  San  Bafael,  one  of  the  many  pleasant 
health  resorts  of  California,  has  sent  to  friends 
in  London  an  account  of  the  taming  of  two 
free  wild  humming  birds  by  her  daughter, 
who,  under  medical  direction,  has  for  so.rae 
months  passed  several  hours  daily*  reclining 
on  rugs  spread  on  the  garden  lawn.  "  F.  has 
a  new  source  of  interest,"  her  mother  writes. 
"The  humming  birds  have  claimed  her  com- 
panionship and  manifested  their  curiosity  by 
inspecting  her,  with  their  little  wise  heads 
turned  to  one  side,  at  a  safe  distance,  watch- 
ing her  movements,  evidently  wishing  to  be- 
come acquainted.  To  entice  them  to  a  nearer 
approach,  F.  plucked  a  fuchsia,  attached  it  to 
a  branch  of  a  tree  over  her  head,  and  tilled  it 
with  sweetened  water.  The  intelligent  little 
creatures  soon  had  their  slender  bills  thrust 
into  the  flower,  from  which  they  took  long 
draughts.  Then  E.  took  honey,  thinking  they 
might  prefer  it,  and  filled  a  fresh  flower  each 
day.  They  would  sometimes  become  so  im- 
patient as  scarcely  to  wait  for  her  to  leave 
before  tbey  were  into  the  sweets,  and  finally, 
while  she  held  a  flower  in  one  hand  and  filled 
it  with  drops  from  a  spoon,  the  now  tame 
little  pets  would  catch  the  drops  as  the}'  fell, 
and  dart  into  the  honey  cup  their  silvery, 


310 


THE    FRIEND. 


threadlike  tongues.  E.  is  delighted,  and  so 
fascinated  with  them  that  she  passes  hours 
each  day  of  her  resting  time  talking  to  them 
and  watching  their  quick,  lively  movements. 
Although  these  tiny  hirds  are  humming  all 
day  among  the  flowers,  two  only  have  mo- 
nopolized the  honey-tilled  flower,  and  these 
are  both  males,  consequently  there  are  con- 
stant squabbles  as  to  which  shall  take  posses- 
sion. They  will  not  permit  a  wasp  or  a  bee 
to  come  near  their  honey  flower,  and  not  only 
drive  them  away,  but  chase  them  some  dis- 
tance, uttering  a  shrill  note  of  protest  against 
all  intruders."  Eeferring  to  them  again,  at 
the  close  of  the  rainless  California  summer,  in 
a  letter  dated  [10th  month]  26th,  this  lady 
writes  :  "  We  have  had  threatening  cloud,  for 
two  days  and  a  heavy  rainfall  to-day.  E.  has 
continued  her  devotion  to  her  little  humming 
birds.  Since  the  change  of  weather  she  has 
tried  to  coax  them  to  the  parlor  windows. 
They  appeared  to  think  there  must  be  some 
mistake,  and  would  hum  about  the  window 
where  she  stood  with  the  honey  flower  and 
spoonful  of  honey,  or  they  would  sit  on  a 
branch  and  watch  every  movement,  yet  not 
daring  to  take  a  sip  until  to-day,  when  at  her 
peculiar  call,  which  they  always  recognize, 
one  ventured  repeatedly  to  take  the  honey 
from  her  hand." — Scientific  American. 

A  Substitute  for  Powder.— The  explosion  in 
the  Pocahontas  Coal  Mine,  near  Staunton,  in 
Virginia,  was  the  most  destructive  that  has 
ever  occurred  in  the  United  States.  One 
hundred  and  fifty-four  workmen  were  killed 
in  an  instant;  and  as  the  mine  caught  fire  not 
even  their  bodies  have  been  recovered.  It 
was  supposed  that  Davy's  safety  lamp  had 
removed  the  danger  of  the  explosion  of  gases 
in  mines.  But  the  carelessness  of  the  work- 
men in  using  the  lamp,  and  the  employment 
of  giant  powder  and  similar  explosives  in  ex- 
cavating coal,  have  destroyed  this  security. 
In  England  such  explosives  are  now  forbid- 
den, and  a  method  has  been  devised  for  using 
lime  instead.  The  expansive  force  of  lime 
when  well  tamped  and  then  subjected"to  the 
action  of  water,  is  found  sufficient  to  dislodge 
great  masses  of  coal  without  the  risk  of  an 
explosion. — American. 

Trichinosis.— It  is  officially  stated  that  last 
year  at  Ermslebens,  a  small  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  403  persons  were  seriously  ill,  and  60 
died  from  trichinosis.  The  disease  was  caused 
by  eating  raw  pork.  Cooking  the  pork  be- 
fore eating  is  an  effectual  preventive,  as  it 
destroys  the  minute  animalculse  which  pro- 
duce the  disease  when  they  are  taken  into  the 
human  system  in  a  living  state. 

Flexible  Sandstone. — A  stratum  of  this  curi- 
ous substance  has  long  been  known  to  exist 
in  the  mountains  of  western  North  Carolina. 
At  a  late  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  two  localities  of  this  mineral  were 
reported  in  Pennsylvania — one  in  Lancaster 
county,  and  the  other  on  the  Schuylkill,  near 
Spring  .Mills.  Professor  Lewis  stated  his  be- 
lief that  the  flexibility  of  the  stone  depended 
upon  partial  decomposition  of  the  original 
strata,  by  which  certain  of  the  constituents 
had  been  removed  and  the  remaining  par- 
ticles thus  left  free  to  move  on  each  other. 

Great  Storm  of  Second  month  19th.— The 
Signal  Service  Bureau  has  issued  charts  show- 
ing the  course  of  the  terrible  storms  which 
swept  over  so  large  an  area  of  our  country 
on  2d  month  19th. 

The    central    area    of    lowest    barometer 


stretched  from  Dakota,  in  a  great  bend  over 
the  southern  end  of  Lake  Michigan,  and 
thence  far  down  the  valley  of  the  St,  Law- 
rence. The  storm  lasted  from  about  7  o'clock 
in  the  morning  until  after  midnight,  being 
most  destructive  in  Virginia,  North  and  South 
Carolina,  Georgia  and  Alabama.  The  loss  of 
property  is  estimated  at  between  three  and 
four  millions,  with  about  1000  persons  killed 
and  a  great  number  wounded.  Some  10,000 
buildings  are  said  to  have  been  destroyed, 
with  domestic  animals  in  great  numbers. — 
Sci.  American. 

Why  Gum  Arabic  is  Bear. — The  principal 
source  of  gum  arabic  is  the  Soudan,  and  the 
warlike  disturbances  there  have  cut  off  the 
supply.  The  stock  on  hand  is  becoming  ex- 
hausted, and  the  gum  has  in  consequence  ad- 
vanced in  price  three  or  four  fold. 

Shifting  of  the  Bed  of  Bivers. — Capt.  Marshall 
of  the  U.  State  Engineers,  on  the  Mississippi 
River  Commission,  states  that  a  pile  driven 
into  the  river  to  mark  the  front  of  a  dike  has 
travelled  62  feet  down  the  stream,  and  still 
remains  erect  and  firmly  embedded  in  the 
sand.  It  would  seem  from  this  that  all  the 
.material  in  the  bed  of  the  river  was  slowly 
moving,  like  an  Alpine  Glacier,  which  though 
a  solid  mass  of  ice  moves  downward  through 
the  ravines  of  the  mountains. 

Peculiar  Fish. — Among  the  fishes  caught 
by  the  Fish  Commission  steamer,  Albatross, 
in  a  recent  cruise,  is  one  called  Cryptopsaras, 
or  "Angler  with  a  concealed  rod."  It  has  a 
very  large  mouth,  and  extending  from  a  con- 
cealed rod  on  its  back  is  a  baited  line  which 
floats  above  the  body.  Small  fish  nibble  at 
the  line  and  are  caught  by  the  "Angler." 
The  bait  is  a  ball  of  jelly-like  matter,  which 
is  so  sensitive  that  instant  notice  is  given 
when  a  fish  touches  it. 

The  "  tape  fish"  is  of  the  size  and  thickness 
of  ordinary  tape,  and  when  in  the  water  is  so 
transparent  that  it  can  only  be  seen  by  its 
red  eyes. — Nat.  Republican. 

Items. 

— Jewish  Reformer. — Considerable  excitement  has 
been  aroused  in  the  Jewish  communities  of  South 
Russia  by  the  appearance  at  Kischineff  of  an  ener- 
getic reformer  named  Joseph  Eabinovitch.  He  de- 
clares Christ  to  have  been  the  real  Messiah,  sup- 
porting his  theories  by  numerous  citations  from  the 


the  Jewish  press. — Hebrew  Christian. 

— Fraudulent  Advertisement. — In  connection  with 
a  theatrical  exhibition  in  the  Western  States,  a  letter 


— JBdverford  College  is  soliciting  a  subscription  i 
$50,000  "to  liquidate  all  claims  against  the  C67 
poration  to  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  1883-4  ;  tl 
balance  to  be  invested  and  used  to  cover  deficient 
which  may  thereafter  arise,  or  to  provide  for  tl 
future  needs  of  the  College."  More  than  half  tl 
amount  has  been  subscribed. 

AVe  learn  from  The  Student  that  the  College  hj 
recently  received  a  new  refracting  telescope,  mac 
by  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  '. 
has  a  clear  aperture  of  10  inches,  and  a  focal  lengt 
of  12  feet  :!  inches.  The  cost  including  the  usui 
accessories  and  the  building  it  occupies  is  aboi 
$670(1,  paid  by  private  subscriptions. 

— Effect  of  Cider. — In  a  Western  town  a  boy  mad 
a  murderous  assault  upon  his  grandmother.  Th' 
is  an  almost  inexplicable  crime,  for  the  most  indu 
gent  friend  any  boy  has  is  his  grandmother.  Th 
lad  was  arrested,  and  a  large  number  of  the  citizet 
have  signed  a  paper  denying  that  he  is  a  bad  bo; 
and  attributing  the  trouble  "  to  too  much  hardcida 
which  flew  to  his  head." — Christian  Advocate. 

— A  Benevolent  Enterprise. — It  is  proposed  in  eoi 
nectiou  with  a  building  for  worship  at  Red  Hog 
Point,  Brooklyn,  to  arrange  for  benevolent  woj 
among  the  poor  of  the  neighborhood.  In  the  froi 
of  the  building  there  are  three  rooms.  The  first : 
to  be  a  free  reading-room,  opened  to  all.  This  root  ' 
is  to  be  the  rival  of  the  liquor  stores.  There  a*  if 
about  one  hundred  saloons,  bright  and  attractive  o 
the  Point,  and  but  one  small  reading-room,  an 
that  is  given  three  evenings  in  the  week  to.othe 
purposes.  The  second  room  is  to  serve  for  a  da; 
nursery.  The  work  is  among  the  poor.  M 
mothers  support  by  daily  toil  large  families.  The< 
are  compelled  to  leave  their  children  all  the  da' 
alone.  This  room  is  intended  to  be.  an  asylum  dui 
ing  the  day  for  these  neglected  little  ones.  Thl 
third  room  is  to  serve  for  a  diet  dispensary  an 
coffee-house.  The  department  of  the  work  was  sug 
gested  by  the  actual  need  of  many  sick,  who  Ian 
guish  and  die  for  want  of  proper  nourishment,  Adi 
to  these  a  medical  dispensary,  and  some  idea  can  b1 
formed  of  the  plans.  The  Point  possesses  a  grea 
population  of  working  people,  and  is  surrounded  " 
immense  store-houses  and  factories. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIFTH  MONTH  3,  1834. 


.1   sa 


to  this,  The  Christian  Advocate  (Methodist)  of  New- 
York,  says : — 

"  It  is  probable  this  letter  is  a  fraud.  If  it  is  not, 
the  man  who  wrote  it  is.  Do  our  brethren  of  the 
Philadelphia  Conference  think  they  have  a  man 
among  them  that  puis  a  play  above  a  hundred  of 
their  sermons,  makes  the  Church  he  'represents' (?) 
shake  hands   in    'brotherly  love' with  the  theatre, 


.f  tl 


—  Brahmos. — It  was  stated  in 
ing  at  Calcutta,  that  this  religio 
sallv  discarded  the  use  of  tobact 


eh  a  bait," 
iblie  meet- 


PHILADELPHIA  YEARLY   MEETING. 

(Concluded  from  page  303.) 

At  the  opening  of  the  meeting  on  3rd  da]  | 
morning,  report  was  made  by  a  verbal  com 
mittee  to  whom  had  been  referred  (as  requir 
ed  by  the  Discipline,)  the  examination  of  ai 
epistle  received  from  the  Yearly  Mectin. 
Illinois,  of  those  who  separated  from  our  So 
ciety  about  the  year  1827.  The  committa 
had  been  very  favorably  impressed  with  th 
fraternal  feeling  manifested  in  it,  and  with  it 
general  tone  and  character.  It  appeared  ti 
have  been  called  forth  by  the  circulatioi 
among  their  members  of  the  Address  issue< 
by  our  Yearly  Meeting  last  year.  Much  in 
terest  was  awakened  by  the  circumstance 
and  although  from  prudential  reasons  it  wai 
not  thought  best  that  it  should  be  formally  I 
read  in  the  Yearly  Meeting,  yet  a  desire  wa 
manifested,  and  we  believe  was  felt  by  many 
if  not  by  all  present,  that  nothing  should  b< 
done  which  would  seem  like  repelling  thii 
token  of  kindly  feeling.  The  Clerk  was  di 
reded  to  make  a  suitable  acknowledgment. 

The  consideration  of  the  state  of  society  at 
shown  by  the  Queries  and  their  answers,  oc 
eupied  most  of  the  time  during  this  and  the 
succeeding  day.  These  were  very  favor 
sittings,  in  which  a  precious  covering  of  holj 
solemnity  was  often  to  be  felt,  preserving  th 


THE    FRIEND. 


311 


eating  in  much  quiet,  and  enabling  it  to 
ansact  its  business  with  dignity  and  in  bar- 
ony. The  remarks  which  were  made  were 
jnerally  brief,  and  many  of  them  weighty. 
ueh  affectionate  concern  was  expressed  for 
ir  younger  members;  on  many  of  whom  it 
believed  the  Lord  has  laid  his  preparing 
ind,  to  fit  them  for  his  service  in  the  church 
id  in  the  world.  Some  of  those  who  have 
ng  labored  in  the  Lord's  cause,  and  who  are 
'idently  drawing  near  that  period,  when 
ley  shall  be  seen  of  men  no  more,  were  com- 
rted  with  the  belief  that  the  Lord  was  still 
indful  of  his  people,  and  that  He  would 
.isc  up  those  who  would  be  instruments  in 
s  hand  to  spread  the  knowledge  of  his 
orious  Gospel  in  the  earth.  And  they  were 
labled  to  rejoice  under  the  same  feeling 
at  enabled  the  Apostle  to  declare,  that  he 
id  no  greater  joy  than  to  see  his  children 
diking  in  the  Truth. 

Different  points  of  weakness  and  shortcom- 
g  were  specifically  adverted  to,  and  we  were 
minded  of  the  Scripture  exhortation,  ''In 
I  thy  waj-s  acknowledge  God  and  He  shall 
rect  thy  steps."  Those  who  walk  in  the 
ght  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  in  obedience  to 
e  manifestations  of  his  spirit  as  made  known 
the  heart  of  man,  will  be  preserved  from 
il.  The  doctrines  and  testimonies  of  our 
piety  did  not  originate  in  any  formal  agree- 
ent  or  any  human  arrangements.  Its  early 
embers  were  settled  in  a  belief  of  the  reality 
d  divine  authority  of  the  guidance  of  the 
lirit  of  Christ,  even  of  Him  who  declared, 
[  am  the  Light  of  the  world  :  he  that  be- 
:veth  in  me  shall  not  walk  in  darkness  but 
ive  the  light  of  life."  On  the  revelations  of 
is  Light  his  true  church  has  ever  been  found- 
;  and  through  obedience  to  these  every  in- 
vidual  member  must  know  his  salvation 
[•ought  out.  This  divine  Light  led  our  early 
embers  into  a  remarkable  uniformity  of 
ictrine  and  practice — it  was  indeSd.  as  Wil- 
tm  Penn  terms  it,  the  root  of  the  goodly 
eo  which  branched  out  therefrom.  As  our 
embers  at  this  day  live  in  communion  with 
e  Spirit  of  Christ,  and  follow  its  leadings 
d  guidance,  they  will  be  led  into  the  foot- 
jps  of  the  flock  of  his  companions — into  a 
lief  in  the  same  precious  doctrines,  and  into 
e  same  watchful,  self-denying  course  of  life. 
The  reports  on  Education  showed  that  of 
e  843  children  of  school  age  in  our  limits, 
7  were  attending  public  schools  or  other 
hools  not  under  the  care  of  Friends.  The 
hers  (excepting  a  few  not  at  present  attend- 
ee school,  or  who  had  not  been  heard  from) 
jre  being  instructed  under  the  influence  of 
e  Society. 

A  communication  from  the  Executor  of  our 
ceased  friend  Charles  S.  Willi ts,  was  receiv- 
,  informing  that  he  had  left  to  the  Yearly 
Beting  the  sum  of  $10,000  as  a  trust  fund— 
e  income  to  be  expended  in  the  distribution 
tracts  and  religious  writings,  for  the  pro- 
Mion  of  religion  and  morality.  One  half  of 
ese  were  to  be  distributed  among  the  colored 
ople  in  the  Southern  States  of  the  United 
ates,  and  the  other  half  in  Liberia. 
The  report  of  the  Westtown  School  Com- 
ittee  showed  that  school  to  be  in  a  prosper- 
.8  condition.  The  number  of  scholars  (fur- 
s' the  past  year  had  been  unusually  large  ; 
d  the  general  order,  and  progress  in  their 
adies  of  the  pupils,  had  been  satisfactory. 
ie  committee  had  spent  much  time  and 
ought  in  the  preparation   of  plans  for  the 


new  buildings  authorized  by  the  Yearly  Meet- 
ing a  year  ago;  and,  having  settled  upon 
these,  had  appointed   a  committee  to 


ited   a  cc 
ibers  contributions 


ceive 
to  defray 


from   i 

the  necessary  expense. 

In  addition  to  83000  directed  to  be  raised 
for  general  purposes.  81500  was  appropriated 
to  the  Yearly  Meeting's  Committee  on  Edu- 
cation, and  the  same  amount  to  the  use  of  the 
Indian  Committee.  Sympathy  was  felt  with 
this  latter  body  on  account  of  the  difficulties 
growing  out  of  the  rapid  increase  of  white 
settlers  on  the  Indian  Reservation.  These 
now  amount  to  several  thousands,  causing 
fears  on  the  part  of  the  more  thoughtful  of 
the  Indians,  that  it  may  lead  to  efforts  in  the 
future  to  deprive  them  of  their  long  cherished 
possessions.  Preparations  bad  been  made  for 
an  increase  in  the  number  of  boys  educated 
at  the  school  at  Tunesassah  ;  and  the  Com- 
mittee are  desirous  of  procuring  the  services 
of  an  additional  Friend  and  his  wife,  to  aid 
in  their  care  and  instruction  in  agriculture. 

A  committee,  to  whom  had  been  referred 
the  subject  of  a  more  systematic  keeping  of 
the  records  of  births  and  deaths,  proposed 
sundry  regulations  on  the  subject,  which 
were  adopted  by  the  meeting.  One  of  these 
makes  it  the  d n ty  of  the  overseers  of  every 
Monthly  Meeting  to  keep  a  regular  list  of  its 
members,  and  to  revise  this  list  in  every  year. 

The  extension  of  care  to  their  members  in 
regard  to  the  use  of  intoxicating  drinks,  was 
again  referred  to  subordinate  meetings,  who 
were  directed  to  make  a  report  next  year  of 
the  labor  bestowed,  and  of  the  number  who 
were  found  to  have  used  such  beverages. 
While  the  meeting  was  much  united  in  its 
desire  not  to  relax  our  efforts  in  the  cause  of 
temperance,  there  were  some  who  doubted 
the  wisdom  of  directing  personal  inquiry  to 
be  made  of  our  members  as  to  their  habits  in 
this  respect. 

The  meeting  closed  in  great  quiet,  and  with 
a  thankful  sense  of  the  favor  bestowed,  in 
having  been  enabled  to  transact  its  business 
with  dignity  and  weight,  under  a  feeling  of 
solemnity. 

BOOKS    RECEIVED. 

Floral  Guide,  published  by  James  Yick, 
Rochester,  X.  Y.  A  very  beautifully  anil  pro- 
fusely illustrated  catalogue  of  flowers,  bulbs 
and  vegetables:  containing  130  pages  of 
closely  printed  matter. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  Senate  on  the  24th  ultimo, 

bill  was  passed  authorizing  the  President  whenever, 
his  opinion,  any  portion  of  a  military  reservation 
becomes  useless  he  shall  place  it  in  charge  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior,  who  shall  have  it  surveyed,  sub- 
divided, appraised  and  sold.  The  bill  amending  the 
Revised  Siatutes  relating  to  trespassers  on  Indian  lands 

us  also  pissed.  It  adds  imprisonment  to  the  fine  al- 
ready provided  for. 

On  the  26th,  the  Consular  and  Diplomatic  Appro- 
priation bill  was  reported  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  referred  to  the  Committee  of  the  Whole.  It 
ppropriates  $977,770,  which  is  §.'167,275  less  than  the 
estimates,  and  $318,1185  less  than  the  appropriation  for 
the  current  fiscal  year.  Besides  reductions  in  the  allow- 
ances for  contingent  expenses  and  for  clerk  hire  at  Con- 
sulates and  Legations,  the  bill  reduces  the  annual 
salaries  of  the  Ministers  to  Austria  and  Italy  from 
$12,000  to  $10,000,  and  abolishes  a  number  of  minor 
Consulates.  The  office  of  Agent  and  Consul  General  at 
Cairo  is  made  a  Consulate  at  an  annual  salary  of  #2000. 
The  office  of  Minister  to  Ronmania,  Servia  and  Greece 
is  abolished,  and  Consuls  are  provided  for  Greece  and 
Ronmania.  A  similar  change  is  made  in  the  office  of 
Minister  to  Bolivia.     The  Consul  Generalship  at  Mad- 


rid and  Consulship  at  Honolulu  are  abolished.  The 
House  also  passed  the  "Shipping  bill,"  designed  "to 
remove  certain  burdens  from  the  American  merchant 
marine,  and  to  encourage  the  American  foreign-carry- 
ing trade."  The  bill  includes  a  provision  offered  as  an 
amendment  by  Representative  Cox  of  New  York,  ad- 
mitting the  importation  of  foreign-built  iron  or  steel 
vessels  of  4000  tons  burden  or  over  free  of  duty.  It  is 
believed  this  provision  will  insure  the  defeat  of  the  bill 
in  the  Senate.  A  bill  has  been  introduced  in  the  House, 
"  by  request,"  which  provides  that  "  it  shall  be  unlawful 
to  collect  fare  on  any  conveyance  throughout  the  United 
States,  when  passengers  are  unable  to  secure  a  seat." 

During  the  present  session  the  number  of  bills  intro- 
duced in  the  House  has  been  0S58.  In  the  last  Con- 
gress during  the  corresponding  period  the  number  in- 
troduced was  6021. 

During  3rd  month  there  arrived  in  the  Customs  dis- 
tricts of  Baltimore,  Boston,  Detroit,  Huron,  New  Or- 
leans, New  York,  Passamaquoddy,  Philadelphia  and 
San  Francisco,  38,597  immigrants.  During  the  nine 
months  ending  3rd  mo.  31st,  1884,  the  immigrants  at 
these  ports  numbered  304,825,  and  in  the  corresponding 
period  of  1883  they  numbered  339,214. 

A  contagions  disease,  resembling  plenro-pneumonia, 
has  appeared  among  the  cattle  in  Washington  county, 
Penna.  Veterinary  surgeons  have  recommended  Gov- 
ernor Pattison  to  quarantine  the  district. 

A  destructive  tornado  passed  through  Montgomery 
and  Greene  counties,  Ohio,  on  First-day  afternoon  the 
27th  ult.  Great  damage  was  done  at  Alexandersville, 
Bellbrook,  Carrollon  and  Jamestown,  the  latter  place 
having  been  nearly  destroyed.  The  storm  also  devas- 
tated the  vicinity  of  Dayton,  Xenia  and  Miamisburg. 
As  far  as  known,  nine  persons  were  killed  and  a  large 
number  injured. 

A  cable  despatch  has  been  received  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege Observatory  from  the  European  Astronomical 
Centre  at  Kiel,  Prussia,  announcing  the  discovery  of 
an  asteroid  (number  236)  by  Palisa  at  Vienna,  on  4th 
month  26th.     It  is  of  the  twelfth  magnitude. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  353, 
which  was  73  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
25  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  187  were  males  and  166  females: 
69  died  of  consumption  ;  33  of  pneumonia;  24  of  heart 
disease;  16  of  old  age;  16  of  scarlet  fever  and  1-1  of 
tvphoid  fever. 

'  Market!,  etc.— U.  S.  4}'s,  114};  4's,  123J ;  3's,  101} ; 
currency  0's,  129  a  138. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12J  a  12$  els.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and   New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8}  a  8}  cts.  for  export, 
and  9J  a  9}  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Feed. — Winter  bran  sells  at  $17  a  J-17.50  per  ton. 

Flour  was  in  better  demand  and  tinner.  Sales  of 
2700  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.75  a 
$5.75;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75  ;  western 
do.  at  $5  a  $5.80,  and  patents  at  1 6  a  $6.75.  Rye  Hour 
was  steady  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  unsettled.  About  6500  bushels 
of  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.18  a  $1.19; 
a  choice  lot  at  $1.20;  No.  2at$1.07£  a  $1.18  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  95  cts. 
per  bushel,  and  60,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.06  a  $1.08 
4th  mo.,  *1.07  a  $1.08}  5th  mo.,  $1.09}  a  $1.09}  6th 
mo  ,  and  $1.07  a  $1.08  7th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were 
firmer:  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  62  a  63  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  60  a  61  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  59  a  60  cts. 
4th  mo.,  60  a  60.}  cts.  5th  mo.,  60  a  00}  cts.  6th  mo.,  and 
61f  a  62  cts.  7th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  unchanged. 
About  8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  39  a  43  cts.  per  bush., 
according  to  quality,  and  25,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at 
42|  a  43}  cts.  4th  mo.,  41|  a  42  cts.  5th  mo.,  41 1  a  42 
cts.  6th  mo.,  and  41|  a  42  cts.  7th  mo.  Rye  sells  in 
lots  at  70  a  72  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  4th 
mo.  26th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  298  ;  loads  of  straw,  47. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  95  cts.  a 
$1.05  per  100  lbs.;  mixed,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  lbs.; 
straw,  85  a  95  cts.  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  and  prices  were  a 
fraction  higher :  2500  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  5  a  7  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  also   in   lair   demand  and  firmly  held  : 
9000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  4 
a  7  cts.,  and  lambs  at  5}  a  7}  cts.  per  pound  as  to  con- 
Hogs  were  steady  :  3800  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  8  a  8}  cts.  per  pound  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — The  Times,  in  a  leading  article,  says  : 
"  The  friends  of  technical   education  in  England  will 


312 


THE    FRIEND. 


read  with  unmitigated  envy  tlie  accounts  of  the  develop- 
ment of  industrial  education  in  America.  The  English 
are  only  just  beginning  to  realize  the  vast  importance 
of  organized  technical  instruction.  The  Americans  are 
far  ahead  of  ns  in  institutions  for  giving  their  sons  and 
daughters  that  practical  training  which  tits  them  for 
industrial  pursuits." 

Brown,  of  the  Anchor  Line,  appeared  on  the  22d 
ultimo,  before  the  Parliainenliary  Coniniitteeon  Harbor 
Accommodation.  He  testified  that  the  channel  at  Va- 
lentia,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Ireland,  could  be  so 
improved  as  to  admit  of  the  entrance  of  the  largest 
Atlantic  steamer.  By  calling  at  Valentia  instead  of 
Queenstown  a  saving  of  six  hours  would  be  effected  in 
the  carriage  of  the  mails  between  England  and  America. 

The  extensive  premises  of  William  Whitely,  general! 
dealer  in  goods  of  every  description,  in  Westbournej 
Grove,  London,  caught  fire  on  the  morning  of  the  26th 
ult.  The  fire  was  gotten  under  control  after  one  build- f 
ing  had  been  destroyed  and  four  others  more  or  less 
injured.     The  damage  will  amount  to  $1,000,000. 

'At  9.30  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  4th  mo.  22d,  an 
earthquake  shock  of  considerable  force  was  felt  in  the] 
eastern  counties  of  England.  Colchester  in  Essex,  was 
the  centre  of  disturbance.  The  concussion  lasted  half 
a  minute.  The  first  symptom  was  a  deep,  rumbling 
sound,  portentous  and  awe-inspiring.  This  was  speedily  . 
followed  by  a  quaking  and  shaking  of  all  the  buildings.  [ 
The  bells  sounded  as  though  swayed  by  unseen  hands. 
The  tall  chimney  stacks  of  the  factories  crashed  in  ruins 
to  the  earth,  and  other  lofty  structures  were  destroyed. 
The  spire  of  one  of  the  largest  [meeting-houses]  in  the 
city,  150  feet  high,  fell  with  an  awful  crash  to  the 
ground.  In  one  part  of  the  city  a  fire  was  caused  by 
the  shock.  The  damage  in  the  town  is  estimated  at 
$50,000.  In  the  private  houses  the  greatest  confusion 
prevailed.  Tables  were  overturned,  chairs  fell  upon 
the  floor.  The  china  and  glassware  in  cupboards  rat-! 
tied  together  and  were  frequently  shattered,  while  pic- 
tures and  other  ornaments  upon  the  walls  were  loosened 
from  their  fastenings  and  fell  to  the  floor.  The  people 
were  terror-stricken  and  rushed  shrieking  into  the 
streets,  where  their  cries  and  pale  faces  made  a  most 
impressive  scene. 

At  Chelmsford,  likewise  in  Essex,  and  only  about 
thirty  miles  from  London,  the  shock  was  also  severe, 
and  the  people  were  filled  with  terror. 

James  Eagan,  the  supposed  confederate  of  John  Daly, 
who  was  arrested  recently,  and  has  been  in  jail  in  Bir- 
mingham awaiting  trial,  was  arraigned  on  the  26th. 
Poland,  the  prosecutor  in  behalf  of  the  Government, 
declared  that  Daly  and  Eagan  were  accomplices.  The 
police,  he  stated,  had  found  a  tin  can  belonging  to 
Eagan  containing  treasonable  documents.  One,  dated 
1869,  gives  an  explanation  of  the  constitution  of  the 
Irish  Republic.  Another  is  a  manifesto  proclaiming 
that,  in  case  England  should  become  involved  in  war, 
Ireland  must  rise  or  Irish  nationality  would  become  a 
by-word  and  a  reproach.  The  brethren  are  expected 
to  provide  themselves  with  arms,  to  practise  shooting, 
and  to  subscribe  money  for  the  purchase  of  war  ma- 
terials. They  are  urged  to  work  quiety,  but  determin- 
edly. Besides  these  documents  the  police  also  found 
samples  (if  cartridges  and  arms. 

Hugh  C.  Childers,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  in- 
troduced the  Budget  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the 
24lh  ult.  The  revenue  for  1883  amounted  to  £37,205,- 
184,  and  the  expenditure  to  £86,990,000.  The  beer 
duty  alone  exceeded  the  estimate  by  £200,000,  while 
the  spirit  duty  fell  off.  The  income  tax  produced 
£453,000  beyond  the  estimate.  The  national  debt  up 
to  the  present  time  has  been  reduced  by  £72,680,000. 
It  is  now  lower  than  since  1811,  while  the  interest  is 
lower  than  since  1805.  The  national  debt  was  reduced 
during  1883,  by  eight  and  a  half  millions.  The  esti- 
ma'ed  expenditure  for  the  current  financial  year  is 
£85,292,000,  against  £85,954,000  during  the  previous 
year. 

Despatches  from  Berber  report  that  four  brigades  of 
Bashi-B;izouks  and  500  infantry  have  joined  the  rebels. 
All  the  tioops  were  leaving  the  town  and  the  rebels 
were  entering  the  outskirts. 

The  Egyptian  troops  at  Assouan  and  other  stations 
in  Upper  Egypt  an-  disaffected,  and  declare  their  inten- 
tion of  joining  the  Mahdi.     Numbers  arc  deserting. 

Advices  from  Abyssinia  state  that  King  John  has 
agreed  to  Admiral  Hewitt's  proposals  to  invade  the 
Soudan,  relieve  the  Egyptian  garrisons,  and  assist  to 
withdraw  through  Abyssinia.  A  despatch  from  Cairo 
says,  that  Osman  Digna  has  sent  a  message  to  King 
John,  of  Abyssinia,  through  friendly  sheikhs  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Massuwah.  lie  threatens  to  attack 
Abyssinia  unless  the  Christians  of  that  country  become 
Mussulmans. 


The  English  Government  has  sent  invitations  for  a  I 
conference  regarding  Egyptian  allairs  to  all  the  Powers 
which  signed  the  Treaty  of  Berlin.  It  estimates  that  j 
Egypt  is  now  in  need  of  a  fresh  loan  of  £8,000,000  in 
order  to  meet  the  most  pressing  requirements  upon  it,  | 
and  points  out  the  difficulty  of  devising  a  guarantee  for 
such  a  loan,  inasmuch  as  all  the  resources  of  Egypt  are 
already  pledged.  It  proposes  no  solution  of  the  diffi-j 
cully,  but  considers  that  the  suppression  of  the  Egyp-! 
tian  army  would  effect  a  large  saving. 

The  Cologne  Gazette  says  that  Premier  Ferry  will! 
demand  binding  pledges  of  England  to  renounce  the 
idea  of  annexing  or  establishing  a  protectorate  over 
Egypt,  and  that  if  England  refuses  to  give  the  pledges! 
France  will  abstain  from  the  Egyptian  Conierence. 

Italy  agrees  to  the  Egyptian  Conference  in  the  gen- 
eral terms  of  the  invitation  sent  out  by  England.  Kus- . 
sia  is  expected  simply  to  announce  its  assent.  Au:-tro- 1 
Hungary,  it  is  expected,  will  ask  that  the  Conference 
be  limited  to  a  discussion  of  the  financial  question. 
The  Porte  urges  that  the  Conference  be  held  at  Con- j 
stantinople. 

Pasteur  and  his  assistants  have  announced  to  the 
French  Academy  of  Sciences  the  fact  that  by  inoculation 
they  can  render  all  dogs  absolutely  proof  against  the 
effects  of  rabies,  in  whatever  way  or  quantity  the  virus 
may  he  administered. 

The  Upper  House  of  the  States  General,  on  the  25th 
ult.,  by  a  vote  of  26  to  10,  passed  the  bill  authorizing 
the  Government  to  demonetize  silver  to  the  amount  of  | 
25,000,000  florins,  should  the  monetary  situation  of  the 
country  render  this  step  necessary.  It  had  already 
passed  the  Lower  House  in  the  3rd  month.  If  its  pro- 
visions are  carried  out  it  will  withdraw  from  circulation 
something  over  one-sixth  of  the  entire  silver  coinage, 
which  amounts  to  something  less  than  142,000,000 
florins. 

While  Gen.  Aguero's  expedition  was  in  course  of 
preparation  certain  Spanish  Republicans  of  extreme 
views  sent  an  agent  to  America  for  the  purpose  of  fo- 
nunting  the  movement.  Their  hope  was  that  the  move- 
ment could  be  made  to  assume  such  proportions  that 
its  reaction  would  be  felt  in  Madrid.  The  Republicans 
promised  Cuba  self-government,  and  declared  that  the 
relations  between  Spain  and  Cuba  would  be  made  simi- 
lar to  those  between  England  and  Canada. 

By  the  breaking  of  a  railroad  bridge  near  Ciudad- 
Real,  on  the  morning  of  4th  mo.  27th,  a  train  of  pas- 
aenger  cars  was  precipitated  into  the  river.  Thirty- 
eight  corpses  have  been  recovered  from  the  wreck  in 
the  river.  Fifty  soldiers  are  missing.  It  is  believed 
that  the  weakening  of  the  bridge  which  led  to  its  col- 
lapse was  the  work  of  Republicans.  One  of  the  sup- 
ports of  the  bridge  had  been  cut  through. 

The  Italian  International  Exposition  was  formally 
opened  on  the  26th  ult.  by  King  Humbert  and  Oiiedi 
Margaret.  Many  foreign  ambassadors  and  ministers, 
as  well  as  other  persons  of  distinction,  were  present. 

The  proprietors  of  the  leading  steel  works  in  Prussia, 
including  Krupp,  inform  their  workmen  that  overpro- 
duction compels  them  to  reduce  the  number  of  working 
hours.     Some  threaten  to  stop  their  works. 

A  sensation  was  caused  by  a  statement  made  to  the 
Committee  in  the  German  Keichslag,  by  Richter,  that 
Anarchists  had  placed  16  pounds  of  dynamite  under 
the  statue  of  Germania,  at  JSiederwald,  shortly  before 
the  unveiling  of  the  monument,  and  that  a  terrible  ca- 
tastrophe was  only  prevented  by  the  circumstance  that 
rain  had  rendered  the  explosive  harmless  for  the  time. 
The  dynamite  failed  in  its  mission,  and  was  discovered 
after  the  immense  assemblage  had  dispersed,  the  fact 
being  kept  a  secret  until  this  lime.  Two  Anarchists 
have  since  ruade  a  confession,  in  which  they  give  the 
details  of  the  plot  to  blow  up  the  statue  of  Germania  at 
Niederwald.  They  say  that  a  quantity  of  dynamite 
was  placed  in  a  drain  pipe,  underneath  the  monument. 
Moisture  alone  prevented  an  explosion. 

It  is  reported  from  the  City  of  Mexico,  that  "  a  great 
sugar  hacienda,  near  Cuernava,  in  the  State  of  Moreeos, 
belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Monte  Leone,  a  descendant 
of  Corlez,  has  been  denounced  under  the  law  regulating 
the  holding  of  real  estate  by  foreigners,  although  a 
special  exception  was  made  in  this  case.  Congress  will 
be  asked  to  repeal  the  law." 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TUNKSSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  in 
working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  when 
out  of  school.  Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Jose'ph  S.  "Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada. 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharnlcss,  Chester,  Penna. 


'■    WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

The  Summer  Session  will  open  on  Third-day,  the  6i 
of  Fifth  month. 

Conveyances  will  be  at  Westtown  Station  on  th: 
day,  to  meet  the  trains  that  leave  the  Broad  Stree 
Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  at  Broa 
and  Filbert  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  at  7.09,  9.05  and  11.1 
A.  M.,  and  2.47,  4  55  and  5.32  p.  M.  Those  who  ca 
more  conveniently  go  the  day  before,  will  be  met  i 
West  I  mi;  n  Station  on  Second-day,  if  timely  notice  is  sei 
to  Jonathan  G.  Williams,  Sup't.,  address  Westtow 
P.  O.,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

t&-  The  Union  Transfer  Company  will  send  fc 
baggage  to  any  place  in  the  built-up  part  of  Philade 
phia,  if  notice  is  left  either  at  No.  838  Chestnut  St.,  a 
the  South  East  corner  of  Broad  and  Chestnut  Sts.,  a 
the  Baggage  Room  15th  St.  above  Market,  or  at  Markc 
St.  Ferry,  (north  side),  and  will  deliver  it  at  the  Broa' 
St.  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Riilroad  Company,  a 
a  charge  of  25  cents  per  trunk,  to  be  paid  either  whe 
the  order  is  given  or  when  the  trunk  is  called  for.  Fd 
the  same  charge  they  will  collect  baggage  from  any  t 
the  other  railroad  depots,  if  the  railroad  checks  held  fo 
such  baggage  are  left  at  one  of  the  offices  of  the  Transfe 
Company  above  designated.  In  all  cases  it  must  b 
stated  that  the  baggage  is  to  go  to  Westtown  Boardin 
School,  Westtown  Station,  on  the  11  'est  Chester  and  Phik 
delphia  Railroad. 

During  the  Session,  until  further  notice,  passengei 
for  the  School  will  be  met  at  Westtown  Station,  ever 
day  except  First-days,  on  the  arrival  of  the  secon 
through  train  from  the  City.  The  forwarding  of  pncbigi 
for  the  pupils  from  No.  304  Arch  St.,  has  been  <ti.<cor, 
tinned.  Parents  and  others  who  may  have  occasion  t 
send  packages  to  the  School,  will  in  future  please  sen 
them  as  freight  or  by  Express,  direct  to  WeMow 
Station,  Chester  Co.,  Penna. 

4th  mo.  23rd,  1884. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Change  or  Treasurer. 
fig^=  Charles  J.  Alles,  having  resigned  the  Trea 
surership,  the  Committee  who  have  charge'  of  tb 
Boarding  School  have  appointed  John  W.  Biddle  t 
succeed  him,  to  enter  on  his  duties  on  the 7th  of  Fourt 
month.  On  and  after  that  date,  therefore,  the  busines 
connected  with  the  Treasurership  of  the  Institution  wil 
be  attended  to  by  him  at  his  office,  No.  220  S.  Fourt 
St..  second  story,  back  room,  and  not  at  304  Arch  St. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty  third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  I 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  h 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  ( 
Managers. 


Married,  at  Springville  Meeting,  Linn  Co.,  low! 
4th  mo.  20th,  18S4,  John  W.  son  of  Rebecca  W.  an 
the  late  Ira  Patterson,  to  Annie  M.  daughter  of  Asenat 
II.  and  the  late  John  Edgerton. 


Died,  on  the  morning  of  3rd  month  5th,  188' 
Elizabeth  H.  Whittemore,  a  member  of  Rahwa 
Particular  and  Rahway  and  Plainfield  Monthly  Mee 
ing,  aged  55  years  the  day  of  her  death.  Though  sin 
denly  called  it  is  believed  she  was  careful  to  be  foun 
with  oil  in  her  vessel. 

-,  on  the  morning  of  the  21st  ult.,  at  his  resident 

near  Barnesville,  Ohio,  John  Thomasson,  a  member  < 
Somerset  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  aged  74  yeai 
and  4  months.  The  deceased  removed  with  his  paren 
from  near  Bolton,  Lancashire,  England,  about  the  yef 
1823.  He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  doctrines  an 
principles  held  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  too 
great  interest  in  tracing  the  recorded  experiences  of  til 
faithful.  His  call  was  sudden  hut  not  unexpected  t 
himself  or  his  friends,  having  frequently  expressed  bin 
self  in  a  way  that  showed  that  his  mind  was  very  muc 
loosened  from  the  things  of  time,  and  preparing  fc 
those  of  eternity;  and  we  have  the  consoling  belief  tin 
his  end  was  peace,  and  that  through  the  mercy  of  n 
deeming  love,  be  is  gathered  beyond  the  reach  of  SOI 
row,  and  made  a  partaker  of  that  "  rest  which  is  pn 
pared  for  the  people  of  God." 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


70L.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FIFTH  MONTH  10, 


NO.    4  0 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid  in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

icriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

j  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Enteral    :is  sue  m.l-cl.i^ 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "  The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  305.) 

'  1S09,  2nd  month  2nd.  A  season  of  intro- 
rsion.  Comforted  and  encouraged  in  read- 
r  the  account  of  the  patriarch  Abraham, 
i  of  Lot,  with  a  humbling  sense  of  the 
Ddncss  and  many  mercies  of  the  Heavenly 
nefactor  under  the  varied  trials  of  my  pil- 
mage  hitherto,  and  again  enabled  to  renew 
rcnant  with  Him. 

'9th.  At  our  Monthly  Meeting;  a  season 
renewal  of  strength.  O,  how  few  appear 
realize  the  excellency,  and  intrinsic  worth 
our  religious  principles,  comparable  with  a 
irl  of  great  price. 

1 12th.  In  our  meeting  the  power  of  Truth 
ined  the  ascendency  and  rose  into  dominion 
Br  all.  My  God  was  strength  in  weakness, 
e  Lord  in  tender  mercy  is  digging  round, 
ining  and  watering  bis  vineyard,  and  He 
looking  for  fruit.  What,  alas!  if  He  find 
ne!  The  servants  in  the  gospel  proclaim 
,d  tidings  of  good  things;  they  will  be  clear 
lether  the  people  hear  or  forbear.  The 
nistry  is  yet  a  blessing  to  the  Church. 
'  27th.  Had  a  precious  season  of  introver- 
n  ;  bumbled  again  under  a  sense  of  many 
reies  continued.  Derived  instruction  in 
i  way  of  perseverance  from  Francis  de  la 
mb,  a  Roman  Catholic,  on  Christian  perfec- 
n. 

'3rd  month  8th.  Cheered  with  a  comfort- 
e  prospect  of  divine  love  ;  nothing  but  the 
iss  of  Christ  can  produce  it. 
'  12th.  After  a  close  engagement  in  our 
eting  this  morning,  Truth  gained  the  as- 
idency  over  all  in  Gospel  authority ;  and 
the  unspeakable  peace  of  my  own  mind. 
for  humility  proportionate.    This  day  died 

,  suddenly,  in  the  prime  of  life.     Thus 

d  awfully  speaks,  but  people  are  slow  to 

ir. 

'14th.     At  the  funeral  of  Patience  Gould, 

i  some  pathetic  service  quite  to  the  relief 

my  mind. 

'  15th.     Awoke  this  morning  under  a  pre- 

us  sense  of  Infinite  Goodness  being  near. 

,d  some  openings  of  importance.     At  our 

I-week  meeting  Truth  flowed  like  a  run- 

ig  stream.    It  is  good  to  be  faithful ;  Abra- 

m  of  old  was  so,  and  if  we  would  be  Abra- 

m's  children,  we  should  do  the  works  of 

raham. 


''  16th.  O,  the  supineness  of  formal  pro- 
fessors feeding  on  husks  while  there  is  bread 
enough  in  the  Heavenly  Father's  house  and 
to  spare. 

"20th.  Calmness  pervades  the  mind  to  my 
great  comfort.  God  is  good  :  He  wounds  to 
heal,  He  kills  to  make  alive.  By  how  much 
the  cup  is  made  bitter  in  the  day  of  affliction 
and  chastisement,  so  much  the  more  it  is 
sweetened  in  the  day  when  He  maketh  bis 
face  to  shine. 

"  25th.  Went  with  divers  other  Friends  to 
Nchant,  to  attend  the  funeral  of  Nehemiah 
Breed.  Hard  work  to  get  down  to  solid 
ground.  On  such  occasions  the  people's  minds 
are  apt  to  be  too  much  outward. 

"27th.  This  morning  contrited,  on  read- 
ing John  Woolman's  last  expressions,  when 
brought  near  his  close  by  the  small-pox. 
Confirming  indeed- to  the  excellency  of  the 
power  of  religion  on  the  mind. 

"  29th.  What  a  scene  of  probation  this  is  ! 
The  adversary  is  oft  suffered  to  buffet  and  to 
tempt,  if  thereby  he  may  seduce  the  soul, 
corrupt  it  and  draw  it  off  from  the  simplicity 
that  is  in  Christ.  In  meeting  to-day,  by  a 
testimony  addressed  to  the  panting  soul,  mj' 
mind  was  raised  from  a  state  of  horror  and 
dismay  into  comfort  and  joy.  Trust,  there- 
fore, in  the  Lord  Jehovah,  in  whom  there  is 
everlasting  strength. 

"31st.  Again  closely  pursued.  May  pa- 
tience have  her  perfect  work  under  all  the 
operations  of  the  Forming  Hand  of  redeeming 
love  upon  my  soul  ;  and  unreserved ly  confide 
in  the  all-sufliciency  of  his  power,  who  wrought 
wonders  in  Fgypt,  and  marvellous  things  in 
the  land  of  Ham. 

"4th  month  2nd.  In  Salem  meeting,  Truth 
reigned  joyfully  over  all. 

"3rd.  A  day  for  the  election  of  Governor, 
and  a  time  of  great  commotion  among  politi- 
cal partizans.  Great  indeed  is  the  intrigue 
and  circumvention  practised  by  contending 
parties  to  carry  their  points  against  each 
other.  I  see  but  little  of  it,  I  am  averse  to 
seeing  it.  One  hour  of  inward  retirement,  in 
communion  with  Him  whose  tender  mercy 
extends  throughout  all  bis  works,  is  of  infi- 
nitely more  value  to  a  devoted  mind,  than  all 
the  bustle  of  this  world  with  all  its  enjoy- 
ments in  its  most  splendid  magnificence. 

"4th.  In  a  season  of  retirement  this  morn- 
ing, I  was  instructed  in  reading  certain  por- 
tions of  Scripture,  particularly  the  account  of 
the  rich  man  and  Lazarus,  and  was  accom- 
panied with  solemnity  on  the  consideration  of 
the  conditions  of  this  fleeting  state,  and  of  the 
m mutability  of  a  future  one.  May  I  more 
and  more  adore  the  hand  of  merciful  good- 
ness so  often  extended  for  my  preservation, 
hitherto,  and  become  more  and  more  sensible 
of  the  excellency  ofinward  retirement  in  wait- 
ing upon  God. 

"  8th.  O,  the  infirmities  of  human  nature ! 
multiform.  In  heaviness  through  manifold 
temptations.   Satan  comes  in,  both  in  suffering 


and  rejoicing,  so  that  he  may  imitate  the  one 
thing  needful  as  near  as  possible,  that  he  may 
the  more  fully  counterfeit  the  deception  to 
effect  his  dark  designs.  O,  take  heed  of  his 
snares  and  his  most  plausible  insinuations! 

"  19th.  My  birth-day.  One  year  rolls  away 
after  another;  my  childhood  seems  but  as 
yesterday.     Inwardly  inclined  to  sadness. 

"  24th.  Calm.  Satan  tries  to  raise  a  whirl- 
wind, and  to  put  things  in  disorder;  but  he 
tries  in  vain,  while  God  is  thy  refuge,  O  thou 
travailing  soul!  Trust  in  Him  then  with  all 
thy  heart,  and  all  thy  strength. 

"  25th  to  28th.  Went  to  Seabrook  to  attend 
our  Quarterly  Meeting;  a  season  of  trial  and 
of  deep  wading,  but  Truth  gained  the  ascend- 
ency; the  name  of  the  Lord  be  magnified. 
The  uneasy  party  in  a  deplorable  condition. 

"29th.  "At  our  First-day  meeting  had  a 
hard  struggle  to  attain  a  comfortable  state  of 
mind.  Great  movings,  and  great  the  exer- 
tions about  religion  in  those  days,  among 
various  denominations,  Baptists,  Methodists, 
Presbyterians,  &c.  *  *  True  religion  does 
not  depend  on  men's  talk  about  it ;  it  consists 
more  in  deeds  than  in  words — in  silent  intro- 
version of  mind,  in  communion  with  God  and 
not  in  noise  and  confusion. 

'A  life  all  turbulence  and  noise,  may  seem. 
To  him  who  leads  it  wise,  and  to  be  praised ; 
But  wisdom  is  a  pearl  with  most  success 
Sought  in  still  waters,  and  beneath  clear  skies.' 

"5th  month  2nd.  Terrible  things  in  right- 
eousness; but  thanks  to  the  Fountain  of  all 
wisdom  and  strength  for  all  things  tending  to 
centre  the  mind  more  deeply  in  Him. 

"  7th.  First-da)T  morning  meeting  was  with 
me  a  laborious  season.  In  the  afternoon  Truth 
ascended  into  dominion  in  my  own  soul,  over 
all  the  powers  of  darkness.  Magnified  forever 
bo  the  name  of  the  Minister  of  ministers.  It 
is  good  to  trust  in  Him,  in  heights  and  in 
depths,  in  riches  and  in  poverty,  in  prosperity 
and  adversity. 

"  16th.  I  see  the  snares  of  the  world  in 
which  many  are  caught.  Be  watchful  my 
soul, — in  vain  is  the  snare  laid  in  the  sight  of 
the  bird. 

"  22nd.  Stripped  again.  It  is  one  thing  to 
approve  and  another  to  practise.  Practical 
religion  is  the  principal  thing  to  be  sought 
after,  and  adhered  to,  as  the  only  available 
thing. 

"23rd.  Composed.  Trials  are  blessings  in 
disguise ;  joys  are  blessings  disrobed  ;  and  all 
to  be  acknowledged  at  the  hand  of  the  Giver 
of  every  good  gift,  with  gratitude." 

•    (To  be   continued.) 


It  is  not  the  encountering  of  difficulties  and 
dangers  in  obedience  to  the  promptings  of 
the  inward  spiritual  life  which  constitutes 
tempting  of  God  and  providence,  but  the 
acting  without  faith,  proceeding  on  our  own 
errands  with  no  previous  convictions  of  duty, 
and  no  prayer  for  aid  and  direction. — David 
Livingstone. 


314 


THE    FRIEND. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  306.) 

Leaving  individual  experiences,  let  us  next 
consider  the  character  of  some  of  the  tempta- 
tions through  which  the  young  are  led  to  at- 
tend the  theatre,  as  well  as  some  of  the  results 
following  therefrom.  To  quote  again  from 
the  tract  "  Can  I  Attend  the  Theatre?"  "  The 
present  Director  of  the  City  Prison  in  Paris 
says  :  '  If  a  new  play  of  a  vicious  character 
has  been  put  on  the  boards,  I  very  soon  find 
it  out  by  the  number  of  young  fellows  who 
come  into  my  custody.  *  *  '  Oh,  that  theatre T 
said  the  agonized  mother  of  a  felon  son  ;  '  he 
was  a  virtuous,  kind  youth,  till  that  theatre 
proved  his  ruin.'  The  inevitable  effect  of 
the  play-house  is  the  corruption  of  youth. 
Prof.  Knowles  states  that  at  a  juvenile  prison 
it  was  ascertained  that  a  large  proportion  of 
the  boys  began  their  career  in  vice  by  steal- 
ing money  to  buy  theatre  tickets ;  and  a 
keeper  of  a  juvenile  prison  in  Boston  gave 
testimony  that  '  of  twenty  young  men  con- 
fined for  crime,  seventeen  confessed  that  they 
were  first  tempted  to  steal   by  a  desi™ 


ver  watch  has  been  erected  by  the  direction 
..  the  Fire  Chief,  the  Chief  of  Police  is  in  re- 
ceipt of  letters  threatening  him  with  assas- 
sination, the  local  underwriters  are  holding 
daily  meetings,  and  they  and  Mayor  Stowell 
are  offering  special  rewards  for  the  detection 
of  the  incendiaries.  All  this  in  the  great 
German  town,  that  has  heretofore  boasted  of 
being  the  most  beer-drinking  and  the  most 
orderly  community  of  its  size  on  the  conti- 
nent !  This  state  of  things  is  a  sad  commen- 
tary upon  the  sort  of  literature  on  which 
Milwaukee's  humorist  has  been  bringing  up 
the  boys  of  the  vicinage.  He  has  sown  the^ 
wind  and  now  he  is  reaping  the  whirlwind  of 
bad  boys.  His  seemingly  harmless  pleasant- 
ries, in  which  the  pranks  of  precocious  mis- 
chief are  made  the  source  of  indulgent  laugh- 
ter, seem  to  be  having  an  unexpected  result. 
George  W.  Pock,  who,  we  believe,  before  he 
became  a  professional  humorist,  was  himself 
the  chief  of  police  in  a  western  city,  ought  to 
be  put  under  bonds  not  to  write  any  more 
books  or  stories  about  bad  boys." 

The  process  of  educating  the  youthful  mind 
to  a  liking  for  the  pantomime,  comedy  and 
other  theatricals,  by  feeding  it  upon  such 
pabulum  as  comic  papers,  silly  and  grotes- 
quely-illustrated  magazine   articles,  and  the 


purchase  tickets  to  visit  the  theatre.'  Who  like,  is  not  difficult  to  perceive.  A  judicious 
has  not  seen  famished-looking  boys  scanning' parent,  if  he  deems  it  worth  while  to  advert 
with  keen  interest  the  glaring  bills  that  dis-'to  the  odd  or  simply  ludicrous  pranks  of  his 
figure  our  streets,  and  apparently  resolving,1  little  ones,  will  generally  take  occasion  to 
by  fair  means  or  foul,  to  gain  admittance  to' speak  of  these  droll  performances  when  the 
the  play!  Of  fifteen  young  men  from  the  \  subjects  of  them  are  not  present.  When  we 
country,  employed  in  a  publishing  house  in  get  beyond  what  is  only  humorous,  and  take 
New  York,  thirteen,  within  a  few  years,  were!  up  with  silly  exaggerations  and  distortions  of 
led  to  destruction  by  the  play  house."  |  the  truth,  we  offend  against  the  Scripture  ni- 

But  what  led  these  boys  to  desire  to  attend  junction  as  to  our  yea  and  nay,  and  are  wel- 
the  play?  In  very  many  cases  they  were  coming  that  which  "  cometh  of  evil."  So, 
doubtless  brought  to  it  by  the  morally-de-  when  a  fondness  for  mimicry  and  playing 
structive  reading  matter  which  they  habitu-!  practical  jokes  has  been  developed  in  their 
ally  handled;  for  true  it  is  that  there  arc1  boys,  the  parents  of  these  may  be  sure  that 
many  thousands  of  our  youth  whose  literature  the  safety  line  has  been  passed,  and  that 
is  limited  to  the  recitals  of  crime.  Says  a1  prayerful  solicitude  and  active  counteracting 
writer  in  a  Methodist  weekly  of  recent  date :  efforts  are  more  in  place  than  is  "indulgent 
"While  visiting  the  State  Prison  in  Indiana,!  laughter." 

a  short  time  ago,  the  chaplain  of  the  institu-  The  connection  which  I  am  endeavoring  to 
tion  told  me  that  out  of  one  hundred  and  show,  is  apparent  in  such  items  of  daily  in- 
twenty-one  prisoners  who  were  then  confined  telligonce  as  this  :  Six  child  burglars,  nine  to 
in  the  prison  enclosure,  and  who  were  con-  twelve  years  of  age,  were  arrested  in  Paterson, 
victed  before  they  became  of  age,  ninety-two  New  Jersey.  They  constituted  a  regularly 
attributed  their  crimes  and  consequent  con-  organized  band,  and  when  arrested  were  on 
victions  to  the  fact  of  their  minds  having  been  their  way  from  a  cheap  theatre 
corrupted  and  poisoned  by  reading  the  vile 


and  false  papers  and  books  that  are  to  be 
found  in  every  nook  and  corner  throughout 
this  land  to-day." 

The  process  of  making  bad  boys  with  ra- 
pidity, is  graphically  told  as  follows  by  a  local 
paper,  in  commenting  upon  late  disorderly 
occurrences  by  lads  of  Milwaukee — not  acted 
upon  "  the  boards,"  but  in  real  life.  I  pre- 
sume no  excuse  need  be  offered  for  its  inser- 
tion, as  the  item  brings  us  nearer  to  the  causes 
which  impel  to  theatre-going.  The  excerpt  is 
but  one  of  scores  giving  information  of  a  simi- 
lar tenor,  which  might  be  culled  in  a  short 
time  from  the  columns  of  the  daily  press. 

"  The  small  boys  in  Milwaukee  have  risen 
in  their  cunning  and  their  might  and  carried 
consternation  to  the  heart  of  every  house- 
holder. Within  tho  past  month  there  have 
been  nine  incendiary  fires  within  a  single 
■ward  of  that  city,  where  the  small  bo}rs  have 
a  Buffalo  Bill  organization.  According  to  the 
despatches  the  city  is  virtually  in  a  state  of 
siego.     Tho  police  force  has  been  doubled,  a 


This  "City  of  Brotherly  Love"  was,  last 
New  Year's  Day  (1884),  the  field  of  such  a  dis- 
play of  masqueraders,  mostly  boys,  as  would 
seem  to  indicate  how  general  must  have  been 
their  acquaintance  with  stage  representations. 
Before  noon  of  the  previous  day,  204  permits 
to  parade  had  been  issued  by  the  mayor  to 
as  many  clubs  and  social  organizations,  who, 
accordingly,  in  their  fantastic  attire,  repre- 
sentative of  clowns,  harlequins,  mimics,  &C, 
paraded  and  capered  around,  in  a  manner 
which  should  have  called  for  the  shedding  of 
tears  by  the  beholders  rather  than  for  that 
indulgence  in  merriment  or  other  exhibition 
of  approval  which  was  too  generally  evoked. 
One  of  these  hilarious,  reckless  crews  I  met— 
lads  of  perhaps  eight  to  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and  about  twenty  in  number.  They  had 
halted  at  the,  side  door  of  a  liquor-saloon,  and, 
noisily  accepting  the  invitation  of  the  laugh- 
ing proprietor  to  step  within,  sat  down  to  the 
long  lunch-table,  while  the  chuckling  rum 
dealer — his  arms  a-kimbo,  and  ho  smiliin 
upon  the  young  recruits  whom  ho  had  gath 


od  into  his  den — only  leered  a  response 
the  warning  not  to  deal  them  out  any  beer 
other  intoxicating  drink.  Asking  myself  he 
the  fathers  and  mothers  of  at  least  some  j 
those  boys  would  have  felt  had  they  seen  tl 
„  (idening  sight,  I  could  only  turn  away  wi 
the  scarcely-suppressed  ejaculation,  "Hcj 
long,  O  Lord,  must  such  things  be!" 

A  few  weeks  later  there  appeared  in  one] 
our  dailies  a  communication  from  a  mothi1 
signing  herself  "Anxious  Heart,"  in  whi] 
counsel  was  craved  on  account  of  her  wsj 
ward  son,  a  lad  of  fifteen,  who  persisted 
running  the  streets  with  bad  boys,  and  | 
spending  his  wages  at  places  of  amuseme] 
Here  we  behold  the  other  side  of  the  men! 
andrew's  picture,  which  the  amused  pub( 
cares  not  at  all  to  see. 

I  would  plead  here  with  those  paren! 
who,  with  true  love  for  their  offspring,  | 
sire  them  to  escape  the  hurtful  publication 
theatre-going  and  other  contaminations  of 
"  world  lj'ing  in  wickedness,"  to  see  to  it  tlj 
they  themselves  set  a  good  example  in  tee1 
fying  (amongst  other  things)  against  t 
purveyors  of  pernicious  literature.  The  p 
prietorof  a  news-stand  near  a  mueh-freque 
ed  railroad  depot,  upon  being  mildly  expos 
lated  with  by  the  writer  for  offering  \< 
papers  like  the  Police  Gazette,  for  sale, 
fiantly  responded  that  he  would  sell  anythi 
the  law  allowed  him  to.  Not  patronizing  II 
owners  of  stands  where  such  debasing  pub 
cations  are  kept,  may  at  times  cause  onel 
go  out  of  his  way  for  his  customary  paper,i 
even  to  miss  getting  it  altogether;  yet  I  c:| 
not  doubt  but  that  a  Christian,  jealous  off 
honor  of  his  Master,  is  as  much  called  to  m 
t  to  so  trifling  a  sacrifice,  as  he  is  to  ktl 
away  from  saloons  where  vile  liquors  t| 
handed  over  the  counter.  And  if  it  be  s^ 
that  this  is  too  slight  a  matter  to  makej 
issue  about— that  there  is  here  very  littk! 
lotting  one's  "  light  shine,"  I  reply  that  th 
nevertheless  a  reward  promised  by  'j 
Highest  for  the  least  act  of  dedication  d<| 
(not  as  of  works,  but  of  grace)  unto  Him; 
secret.  It  was  said  by  Fenelon  :  "  He  w 
learns,  by  Divine  assistance,  to  make  a  rig 
application  in  small  matters  of  a  spiritual  ' 
turc,  will  not  fail  to  accumulate  much  tr 
sure,  as  well  as  will  he  who  is  attentive 
temporal  concerns." 

Likewise  should  the  parent  exercise 
same  discrimination  as  to  the  character 
the  daily  paper  which  he  brings  to,  or 
served  at,  his  home.  There  are  few  edit 
or  publishers  of  such  papers  who  keep  pos 
in  their  offices  (and  who,  upon  penally  of  < 
missal,  insist  upon  its  observance,)  a  not 
like  this  which  is  to  be  found  in  the  office 
a  daily  in  one  of  our  large  cities:  "  Noth 
shall  appear  in  the  columns  of  tho  Daily  Ni 
which  a  young  lady  may  not  with  propri 
read  aloud  before  a  mixed  company."  Accc 
ing  to  tho  Christian  Weekly:  "An  exami 
tion  recently  made  showed  that  in  the 
leading  New  York  morning  papers,  exclud 
the  market  reports  and  the  shipping  news 
average  of  thirtj'  per  cent,  of  the  space  gi 
to  reading  matter  was  devoted  to  account 
murders,  suicides,  and  crimes  of  every  gri 
dressed  up  in  all  the  circumstantial  de 
possible  to  be  obtained."  Knowing,  th 
lore,  what  must  be  the  result  upon  the 
pressible  minds  of  the  young,  of  the  reg 
reading  of  a  mass  of  such  details,  tho  pai 
who  has  a  concern  for  tho  moral  trainin. 


THE    FEIEND. 


315 


Is  children  will  bo  always  anxious  when  he 
lea  them  with  a  newspaper  (unseleeted  by 
pjis.elf)  i»  hand. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Counting  the  Chances. 

It  is  a  rare  thing  in  the  world  for  a  person 
)t  to  count  the  ''chances"  in  any  undertak- 
g  on  which  he  has  entered,  or  thinks  of 
tering.  Apart  from  all  that  he  can  clearly 
e,  and  can  surely  foresee,  and  apart  also 
om  all  the  sure  results  of  bis  own  purpose 
id  energy  and  skill  in  endeavoring,  there  is 
ways  in  his  mind  the  possibility  of  that 
hieh  may  chance  or  happen,  as  favorable  or 
(favorable  to  the  undertaking  in  question, 
deed,  this  calculating  of  the  chances  is  in 
cases  an  element,  and  in  many  cases  the 
lief  element,  of  looking  ahead  in  life. 
Nor  is  it  strange,  in  view  of  all  that  observa- 
on  and  experience  teaches  us,  that  men 
jould  thus  recognize  the  importance  of  this 
cment  of  chance  in  theaft'airsof  life.  Neither 
it  wrong — if  only  there  be  a  right  under- 
Ending  of  the  term  "chances;"  but  is  this 
nderstanding  a  common  one? 
A  "chance"  is  that  which  falls,  which  bc- 
(ills,  which  happens,  which  comes  without 
;n  immediate  recognizable  cause.  The  ety- 
nology  of  the  word  is  the  same  as  that  of 
accident."  If  the  word  be  used  as  indicating 
,  possibility  of  occurrences  beyond  all  human 
bresigbt,  it  is  right  to  employ  it  concerning 
ivery  plan  of  life  ;  for  the  possible  is  always 
in  added  element  in  the  calculation  of  the 
probable.  Napoleon  as  a  military  chieftain 
leelared,  that  in  every  great  battle  there  is  a 
ime  when  the  best  laid  plans  of  the  most 
agacious  commander  are  of  no  avail  in  com- 
mrison  with  unlooked-for  circumstances  and 
inforeseen  forces  which  arc  the  happenings 
if  the  hour.  But  all  this  leaves  the  question 
ipen,  Whence  do  these  things  fall  ?  How 
lappens  it  that  they  happen  ?  That  which 
alls  must  have  had  a  starting  place,  and  a 
tartingcause.  Voltaire  declared:  "Chance  is 
t  word  void  of  sense  ;  nothing  can  exist  with- 
iut  a  cause."  Chance  as  a  happening,  is  a 
;reat  reality.  Chance  as  causeless  luck,  is  an 
ibsurdity — or  worse.  Counting  the  chances 
s,  therefore,  wise  or  foolish,  according  as  the 
ihances  arc  counted. 

So  far  as  this  reckoning,  or  counting,  of  the 
shanees  is  a  deliberate  looking  at  the  proba- 
bilities of  the  future,  in  view  of  the  ordinary 
workings  of  the  affairs  of  this  world,  it  is  a 
natter  of  commendable  prudence.  In  this 
ight  it  is  that  "the  doctrine  of  chances"  has 
ts  proper  place  in  mathematics  and  in  philoso- 
phy. But  men  are  inclined  to  go  farther 
,han  this  in  their  counting  of  the  chances, 
rhey  are  prone  to  have  in  mind  a  thought  of 
jersonal  luck;  of  individual  possibilities  of 
"avorable  happenings  ;  of  some  good  that  ma}7 
iome  to  them,  as  quite  apart  from  any  ordi- 
nary rule,  and  as  in  no  way  dependent  on 
jither  skill  or  their  deserts.  That  idea  it  is 
.vhich  prompts  men  to  take  their  chances  in 
wild  speculations  and  in  gambling  enterprises; 
md  which  causes  sin  and  folly  to  have  so 
arge  a  part  in  the  counting  of  the  chances  in 
jvery-day  life. 

He  who  recognizes  the  unfailing  supervision 
md  control  of  all  the  forces  of  nature,  and  of 
ill  the  courses  of  History,  by  the  wise  and 
oving  sovereignty  of  Him  in  whom  "we  live 
ind  move  and  have  our  being,"  realizes  that 
ill  chance  and  happening  and  accident  an 


subject  to  both  the  knowledge  and  the  con- 
sent of  God,  and  that  the  falling  of  ever}'  leaf 
and  the  turning  of  every  card  or  die,  happen 
alike  by  God's  will  and  favor.  Solomon  says: 
"  The  lot  is  cast  into  the  lap  ;  but  the  whole 
disposing  thereof  is  of  the  Lord."  And  lest 
it  should  be  thought  that  it  is  only  in  the 
disposition  of  larger  and  more  important 
matters  that  the  Lord  condescends  to  have  a 
part,  a  greater  than  Solomon  adds  :  "  Are  not 
two  sparrows  sold  for  a  farthing?  and  not 
one  of  them  shall  fall  [chance  to  drop]  on  the 
ground  without  your  Father:  but  the  very 
hairs  of  your  head  are  all  numbered  [each 
hair  having  its  place  in  God's  knowledge]. 
Fear  not  therefore  ;  ye  [and  all  your  interests, 
great  and  small]  are  of  more  value  than  many 
sparrows."  In  this  light  it  is,  that  every 
chance,  or  accident,  or  happening,  is  a  special, 
or  a  particular,  providence  ;  a  signal  exercise 
of  God's  directing  power.  And  to  count  the 
chances  in  this  light,  is  to  consider  what  God 
is  likely  to  do  for  us  personally  out  of  his 
love  for  us,  and  out  of  his  love  for  truth  and 
right. 

To  this  day,  in  the  East,  the  casting  of  the 
lot  into  the  lap  is  the  approved  mode  of  as- 
certaining the  decision  of  the  Lord  concerning 
any  matter  of  difference  ;  for  the  idea  of  Cod's 
superintending  providence  in  things  large 
and  small  is  of  universal  prevalence  among 
Orientals.  When  noisy  and  violent  discussion 
has  failed  to  bring  about  an  agreement  as  to 
the  apportioning  of  the  loads  to  their  camels, 
or  as  to  the  division  of  baksheesh  received 
by  them,  the  excited  Arabs  will  squat  on  the 
ground  together,  and  will  cast  the  lot  into 
their  laps,  by  the  use  of  rude  dice  or  of  marked 
pebbles,  accepting  the  decision  as  the  voice 
of  God  ;  and  so  now,  as  in  the  days  of  Solo- 
mon, "the  lot  causeth  contentions  to  cease, 
and  parteth  between  the  mighty."  Nor  is 
this  practice  entirely  unknown  in  Christian 
countries  of  the  west.  An  amicable  division 
of  property,  where  both  parties  are  desirous 
only  of  that  which  is  right  and  fair,  is  often 
arrived  at  by  lot,  in  one  form  or  another  ; 
and  this  with  the  feeling  that  the  decision  is 
thus  referred  to  the  Lord,  because  the  point 
in  dispute  is  beyond  the  wisdom  of  the  parties 
at  issue.  This  was  originally  the  underlying 
idea  of  all  personal  combats,  such  as  that  of 
David  and  Goliath  ;  of  which  the  modern 
duel  is  the  sin-filled  burlesque. 

If  this  idea  of  chance  and  lot  were  to  pre- 
vail, how  ditferent  would  be  all  counting  of 
the  chances,  and  all  uses  of  the  lot !  In  the 
risks  of  business,  in  the  dangers  of  travel,  in 
the  perils  of  disease,  in  the  possibilities  of 
gain  or  of  amusement,  the  thought  would  be, 
What  does  God  plan  for  me?  What  is  to  bo 
God's  ordering?  How  can  I  learn  God's 
decision  ?  Yet  any  other  idea  than  this,  of 
chance,  or  luck,  is  in  itself  godless,  and  is  in 
its  tendency  destructive  of  sound  faith  and 
of  wise  works.  There  is  literally  no  excep- 
tion to  this  principle — in  the  sphere  of  labor 
or  of  recreation,  among  old  or  young. 

And  just  here  is  the  chief  objection  to  all 
games  of  chance  whatsoever.  It  can  hardly 
be  said,  on  the  one  hand,  that  the  shuffling  of 
cards  or  the  rattling  of  dice,  in  the  gambling- 
room,  the  parlor,  or  the  nursery,  is  intended, 
or  can  be  construed,  as  a  reverent  appeal  to 
God  for  his  intervention  between  the  con- 
testants. On  the  other  hand,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted, that  it  is  injurious  to  one's  spiritual 
nature  and  to  one's  mental  fibre,  to  indulge 


the  feeling  that  there  is  any  such  thing  in  the 
universe  as  bald  luck,  or  as  causeless  chance, 
on  which  one  can  depend  for  success — in  labor 
or  in  recreation.  Obviously,  there  is  a  dead- 
ening of  the  sense  of  dependence  on  Divine 
guidance  and  support,  through  any  such 
vicious  sentiment.  Moreover,  it  tends  to 
lessen  one's  energy,  and  to  diminish  his  re- 
liance on  his  own  honest  exertions,  if  the 
conviction  grows  on  him  that  his  luck  may 
at  any  moment  counterbalance  the  gain  of 
his  best  endeavors,  or  the  loss  through  his 
shiftless  neglect.  To  cast  the  lot  into  the  lap 
—or  anywhere  else— with  the  belief  that  the 
whole  disposing  thereof  is  not  specifically  of 
the  Lord,  is  not  only  to  ignore  Cod  as  the 
cause  of  all  happenings,  but  it  is  to  put  luck 
into  the  place  of  God,  and  so  far  to  cultivate 
the  belief  that  luck,  and  not  God,  is  our  de- 
pendence in  the  affairs  of  life. 

The  more  entirely  the  idea  of  luck  as  an 
element  of  success  can  bo  rooted  out  of  a 
young  person's  mind,  and  the  more  the  idea 
of  dependence,  under  God,  on  skill  and  energy 
and  honest  endeavor,  as  the  hope  of  success, 
can  be  cultivated  and  strengthened,  the  better 
for  that  person's  character  and  conduct.  Even 
in  the  simplest  pastimes,  as  in  all  the  soberer 
occupations  of  life,  this  view  of  the  case  ought 
to  be  kept  in  prominence:  skill,  and  not  luck, 
should  be  the  hope  of  success.  Many  a  young 
man  has  been  ruined  through  a  taste  for 
gambling,  first  indulged  in  a  lottery  for  a 
public  library,  or  in  a  raffle  at  a  church  fair. 
Many  more  have  been  ruined  through  a  simi- 
lar taste,  first  indulged  in  the  simple  games 
of  chance  of  a  Christian  home-circle.  If  there 
are  yet  many  more  who  have  been  accustomed 
to  take  such  chances,  and  still  are  not  ruined, 
it  cannot  bo  said  that  they  have  kept  clear 
from  that  which,  in  its  direct  tendency,  pro- 
motes a  reliance  on  luck,  rather  than  on  skill 
or  on  God's  favoring  providence. — S.  S.  Times. 

Books  Made  of  Clay. — Far  away  beyond  the 
plains  of  Mesopotamia,  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  Tigris,  lie  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  city 
of  Nineveh.  Not  long  since  huge  mounds  of 
earth  and  stone  marked  the  place  where  the 
palaces  and  walls  of  the  proud  capital  of  the 
great  Assyrian  empire  stood.  The  spade, 
first  of  the  Frenchman,  then  of  the  English- 
man, has  cleared  the  earth  away,  and  laid 
bare  all  that  remains  of  the  old  streets  and 
palaces  where  the  princes  of  Assyria  walked 
and  lived.  The  gods  they  worshipped  and 
the  books  tbey  read  have  all  been  revealed  to 
the  sight  of  a  wondering  world.  The  most 
curious  of  all  the  curious  things  preserved  in 
this  wonderful  manner  are  the  clay  books  of 
Nineveh. 

The  chief  library  of  Nineveh  was  contained 
in  the  palace  of  Konyunjik.  The  clay  books 
which  it  contains  are  composed  of  sets  of 
tablets  covered  with  very  small  writing.  The 
tablets  are  oblong  in  shape,  and  when  several 
of  them  are  used  for  one  book,  the  first  line 
of  the  tablet  following  was  written  at  the  end 
of  the  one  preceding  it.  The  writing  on  the 
tablets  was  of  course  done  when  the  clay  was 
soft,  and  then  it  was  baked  to  harden  it. 
Then  each  tablet  or  book  was  numbered,  and 
assigned  to  a  place  in  the  library  with  a  cor- 
responding number,  so  that  the  librarian  could 
readily  find  it,  just  as  our  librarians  of  to-day 
number  the  books  we  read. 

Among  these  books  are  to  be  found  collec- 
tions of  hymns  (to  tho  gods),  descriptions  of 


316 


THE    FRIEND. 


animals  and  birds,  stones  and  vegetables,  as 
well  as  bistoiy,  travels,  &c,  &c.  Perhaps 
those  little  Ninevitc  children  of  long  ago  took 
delight  that  young  readers  now  do  in  stories 
of  the  birds,  beasts  and  insects  of  Assyria. 

The  Assyrians  and  Babylonians  were  great 
students  of  astronomy.  The  method  of  tell- 
ing time  by  the  sun,  and  of  marking  it  by  the 
instrument  called  a  sun-dial,  was  invented  by 
the  latter  nation.  None  of  our  modern  clocks 
and  watches  can  be  compared  to  the  sun-dial 
for  accuracy.  Indeed,  we  have  to  regulate 
our  modern  inventions  by  the  old  Babylonian 
one. — Harper's  Young  People. 

Believing  the  Editor  of  "The  Friend"  will 
think  with  me,  that  the  lesson  contained  in 
the  following  extract  cannot  bo  too  often  re- 
peated, it  is  sent  for  insertion  : 

"  John  G.  Richardson,  the  great  linen  manu- 
facturer of  Bessbrook,  Ireland,  wrote  to  the 
London  News,  that  the  greatest  need  of  Ire- 
land is  a  change  in  the  licensing  laws.  In 
this  year  of  famine,  over  fifty  millions  of  dol- 
lars have  been  spent  on  drink  in  that  down- 
trodden country,  and  those  districts  which 
are  most  clamorous  against  the  landlords  and 
the  rents,  are  the  largest  consumers. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Metropolitan  Jour- 
nal says:  I  am  told  that  the  duty  on  the 
spirits  sold  in  this  cheerful  townlet  exceeds 
the  whole  annual  value  of  the  barony  of 
Iveraugh.  In  the  city  of  Cork,  more  than 
one  half  the  shops  are  retail  drink  shops, 
whose  annual  income  has  figured  at  one  mil- 
lion of  dollars.  This  state  of  things  may 
profitably  be  compared  with  that  of  the  few 
temperance  years  Ireland  enjoyed  after  Father 
Matthew's  ministrations  had  purified  the  coun- 
try, and  with  that  of  the  famine  .years  1809 
'10,  '13  and  '14,  when  the.  distilleries  wer 
stopped  and  trade  in  woolens,  cottons  and 
iron  rated  from  twenty  to  fifty  per  cent, 
higher  than  during  the  following  years  of 
plenty  and  free  trade  in  whiskey.'' 

Integrity  of  the  Indians.— W.  S.  Mills,  Man 
gcr  of  the  Southwestern  Mining  Company,  at 
Eldorado  Canon,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada, 
writes  under  date  of  3rd  mo.  31st,  1884:  "  W 
have  measured  and  received  from  the  Piute 
Indians  in  the  last  two  months  over  800  cords 
of  wood  cut  since  the  steamer  stopped  run- 
ning. It  is  mostly  at  Cottonwood  Island  and 
vicinity,  and  between  here  and  there.  This 
wood  was  cut  and  hauled  without  any  super- 
intendence of  white  men.  The  Indians  had 
to  have  provisions  while  at  work.  It  was 
impracticable  to  go  and  see  what  they  were 
doing,  and  when  one  came  here  and  said  be 
had  a  certain  number  of  cords  of  wood  on  the 
bank,  we  paid  him  for  them,  or  if  he  said  ho 
would  cut  a  certain  number  of  cords  and 
wanted  an  axe  and  provisions  to  last  him 
while  chopping,  we  advanced  them  to  him. 
In  every  instance  we  found  the  wood  exactly 
as  represented  and  agreed  upon.  While  the 
Indians  have  been  strictly  honest  and  done 
the  company  good  service,  I  can  hardly  im- 
agine how  they  would  have  lived  through  the 
unusually  inclement  winter  without  the  op- 
portunity to  cut  wood."  This  testimony  so 
clearly  manifests  tho  honesty  and  reliability 
of  the  Indians,  that  it  should  not  escape  the 
notice  of  those  who  lack  faith  in  our  brothers 
of  the  forest,  as  well  as  those  who  have  long 
labored,  that  full  justice  may  be  accorded  to 
them. — Friends'  Intelligencer. 


Fur  "  The  Friend.' 

DEVOTIONAL. 
Father  of  all,  we  look  to  thee, 
And  crave  that  thou  our  help  may  be 

In  every  time  of  need. 
We  know  we're  much  inclined  to  stray 
Far  from  thy  pure  and  holy  way, 

In  thought,  in  word  and  deed. 

We  know  we  have  a  tempter  strong ; 
That  fain  would  lead  us  in  the  wrong; 

Through  many  a  pleasing  snare. 
We  know  our  strength  will  not  avail; 
That  human  aid  alone  will  fail, 

Though  sought  with  anxious  care. 

We  know,  unless  thy  Spirit  guide 
Our  wayward  steps,  we  soon  may  slide 

To  right  or  left  and  fall. 
Or  else,  before  thy  spirit  go; 
Or,  lag  be'hiuil,  and  careless  grow; 

Or  disobey  thy  call. 

Then  grant,  we  pray,  thou  gracious  Lord, 
The  shining  inlluence  of  thy  Word, 

To  guide  our  steps  aright. 
And  grant  ns  strength,  that  we  may  be 
Obedient  children  unto  thee — 

Obedient  to  thy  light. 
Teach  us  to  know,  that  light  from  thee 


Is  that  alone,  by  which 
The  things  of  he 


en  and  thine ; 
That  reason's  light  alone  can  go 
To  measure  earth,  and  things  below; 

And  not  to  things  divine. 
When  stormy  waves  around  us  roll, 
And  dark  despair  o'erwhelras  the  soul, 

May  't  please  thy  sov'reign  will, 
Thy  calming  Spirit  to  impart, 
And  whisper  sweetly  to  the  heart 

The  words  of,  "  Peace,  be  still." 

Should  friends  forsake,  and  join  our  foes, 
And  earthly  hopes  in  darkness  close, 

O,  then!  we  humbly  pray, 
That  thou  in  mercy  may  be  nigh, 
And  raise  our  minds  from  earth,  on  high 

To  realms  of  endless  day. 
So  may  our  hearts  and  treasure  be 
Above  this  earth,  in  heaven  with  thee  ; 

That  when  our  conflict \s  o'er 
Our  ransomed  souls  may  gain  that  life 
Where  discords  cease,  where  pain  and  strife 

And  sorrows  are  no  more. 

D.  H. 
Dublin,  Ind.  ___^__ 

Selected. 

GRANDMA'S  ANGEL. 

BY   SYDNEY   BAYRE. 
Mamma  said  :  "  Little  one,  go  and  see 
If  grandmother's  ready  to  come  to  tea." 
I  knew  I  mustn't  disturb  her,  so 
I  stepped  as  gently  along,  tiptoe, 
And  stood  a  moment  to  take  a  peep — 
And  there  was  grandmother  fast  asleep! 
I  knew  it  was  time  for  her  to  wake; 
I  thought  I'd  give  her  a  little  shake, 
Or  tap  at  her  door,  or  softlv  call; 
But  I  hadn't  the  heart  for  that  at  all- 
She  looked  so  sweet  and  so  quiet  there, 
Lying  back  in  her  high  arm-chair, 
With  her  dear  white  hair,  and  a  little  smile, 
That  means  she's  loving  you  all  the  while. 
I  didn't  make  a  speck  of  a  noise; 
I  knew  she  was  dreaming  of  little  boys, 
And  girls  who  lived  with  her  long  ago, 
And  then  went  to  heaven— she  told  me  so. 
I  went  up  close,  and  I  didn't  speak 
One  word,  but  ]  gave  her  on  her  cheek 
The  softest  bit  of  a  little  kiss, 
Just  in  a  whisper,  and  then  said  this  : 
"Grandmother,  dear,  it's  time  for  tea." 
She  opened  her  eyes  and  looked  at  me, 
And  said:  "Why,  pet,  I  have  just  now  dreamed 
Of  a  little  angel  who  came  and  seemed 
To  kiss  me  lovingly  on  the  face." 
She  pointed  right  at  the  very  place! 
I  never  told  her  'twas  only  me; 
I  look  her  hand,  and  we  went  to  lea. 

— St.  Nicholas. 


A  Ramble  among  Wild  Flowers. 

After  spending  a  week  in  the  City,  with  tb 
mind  pretty  fully  occupied  with  the  deepH 
interesting  engagements  and  concerns  tha 
accompany  tho  annual  gathering  of  Friend 
to  transact  the  business  of  the  church,  whei 
I  returned  to  my  quiet  homo  and  seated  my 
self  at  my  desk  to  resume  my  usual  labors,  . 
found  my  brain  soon  manifested  an  unwilling 
ness  to  bend  its  powers  to  the  work  before  it 
and  efforts  to  think  and  write  were  irksome 
It  was  a  lovely  spring  day,  warm  and  pleasant 
A  vision  came  before  me  of  a  swampy  pieci 
of  ground,  partly  overgrown  with  bushes,  or 
the  side  of  a  barren  piece  of  land,  whose  whitt 
sand  was  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of  soil- 
a  most  attractive  spot  to  a  botanist  from  thi 
abundance  and  variety  of  its  wild  flowers,  ji 
maj'  have  been  the  want  of  fertility  whici 
had  induced  the  farmer  thus  long  to  spare  tc 
the  lover  of  nature  this  piece  of  ground, 
yet  spoiled  of  its  native  features  by  artificia 
drainage  and  the  use  of  the  plough. 

Basket  in  hand,  I  was  ere  long  on  my  waj 
across  the  fields;  and  I  soon  found  my  atten- 
tion arrested  by  the  various  forms  of  floral, 
life  around  me,  and  after  a  walk  of  some  miles 
returned  with  wearied  limbs  but  rested  brain. 
The  chickweed  (Stellaria  media)  peeped  out 
from  among  the  grass  by  tho  road-side;  anrj 
was  very  pretty,  particularly  while  the  plants 
are  still  young,  when  the  white  star-like 
flowers  contrast  so  well  with  the  green  leaves 
on  which  they  seem  to  rest.  The  shad-blos- 
som (Erophila  Americana)  had  been  in  bloom 
for  a  month  or  more.  The  short,  thread-like 
stems  begin  to  put  forth  their  delicate  white 
blossoms  when  they  are  scarcely  lifted  above 
the  circle  of  green  leaves  which  lie  on  the 
surface  of  tho  ground.  Now  the  stems  were 
several  inches  in  height,  and  were  still  bear- 
ng  a  succession  of  flowers  at  their  summit. 
These  were  very  abundant  in  some  of  the 
pasture  fields.  The  bright  yellow  heads  of 
the  dandelion  (Leontodon  taraxacum)  shone 
forth  here  and  there  among  the  grass;  : 
the  common  blue  violet  (  Viola  cucullata),  with 
'ts  younger  leaves  curiously  curved  on  their 
lower  points  into  hoods,  from  which  circum- 
stance it  derives  its  specific  name,  "cucullata," 
"om  the  Latin  word  cucullus,  a  hood.  In  the 
moist  ground  near  the  swamp  wore  thickly 
scattered  the  beautiful  little  white  violets, 
small,  delicate  plants,  with  tho  white  petals 
of  the  flowers  beautifully  marked  with  fine 
lines  of  dark  spots.  Still  more  striking  were 
the  clumps  of  another  violet  of  dark  blue  color 
( Viola  sagittata),  with  arrow-shaped  leaves, 
yet  only  partially  developed,  and  30  or  40 
flower  stems  springing  up  in  a  cluster.  Some 
of  these  clumps  were  transferred  to  tho  basket, 
and  when  subsequently  planted  in  the  garden 
at  home,  seemed  unconscious  of  the  change, 
and  continue  to  bloom  apparently  as  freely  as 
in  their  native  haunts. 

On  the  edge  of  the  swamp,  other  little 
clumps  of  a  peculiar  foliage,  attracted  the  at- 
tention. Tho  whole  plant,  lying  quite  near 
to  the  ground,  was  of  a  dark,  brownish  pur- 
ple; though  it  becomes  greener  in  tint  as  it 
s.  The  loaves  were  much  indented  and 
subdivided,  and  the  flowers,  now  just  opening, 
were  clustered  in  compact  heads  of  an  inch 
or  more  in  diameter.  The  plant  was  tho 
Pediculari*  Canadensis,  which  bears  the  home- 
ly namo  of  Louse  Wort,  and  has  also  the  more 


THE    FRIEND. 


317 


fined  title  of  Wood  Betonj.  In  its  present 
age  of  growth  it  is  both  curious  and  beauti- 
1;  much  more  so  than  when  the  stems  are 
ongated,  and  the  leaves  less  clustered,  as 
icy  become  later  in  the  season. 
The  beautiful  little  wood  anemones  (Ane- 
one  nemorosa),  with  a  single  stem  crowned 
ith  a  showy  white  blossom,  and  encircled  at 
ilf  its  height  with  a  girdle  of  leaves,  were 
attered  over  the  ground,  or  clustered  in 
rge  groups,  in  great  abundance.  It  awak- 
led  some  of  the  enthusiasm  of  youthful  days. 
gaze  on  their  lovely  forms  so  thickly 
rewn. 

A  mile  or  so  beyond  this  swamp,  I  entered 
piece  of  woodland,  where  much  of  the  trail- 
g  arbutus  (Epigea  repens)  is  found.  The 
ives  are  evergreen,  and  the  flower-buds  open 
rly  in  the  season,  before  the  new  leaves  arc 
it  forth.  It  is  so  well  known  and  so  uni- 
rsally  admired  that  it  is  needless  to  describe 
Indeed  its  very  beauty  and  fragrance 
id  to  its  destruction,  for  so  attractive  is  it, 
at  in  some  localities  it  is  almost  extermi- 
,ted.  A  recent  writer  in  The  Independi  nt 
presses  the  feelings  of  many  : — 
"  If  Spring  has  Maids  of  Honor, 

Arbutus  leads  the  train  ; 
A  lovelier,  a  fairer 

The  Spring  would  seek  in  vain. 
For  sweet  and  subtle  fragrance, 

For  pink,  and  pink  and  white, 
For  utmost  grace  and  motion 

Of  vines  and  vines'  delight, 
For  joy  of  love  and  lovers, 

For  joy  of  young  and  old, 
Jfo  blossom  like  Arbutus 

In  all  that  Springtimes  hold." 
On  the  white  sand  by  the  side  of  the  paths 
at  wandered  through  this  woodland,  grew 
so  another  very  attractive  plant,  carpeting 
e  ground  with  low,  finely  leaved  stems,  al- 
Dst  like  a  bed  of  moss,  but  thickly  studded 
Ith  white  star-like  flowers.  This  was  the 
ixidanthera  barbulata.  J.  W. 

Military  Heroes — Moral  Cowards. — General 
irney,  in  his  official  reports  on  his  cam-' 
igns  against  the  various  Indian  tribes  of 
is  country  during  the  forty  years  of  his  ac- 
re  military  service  in  the  West,  consistcntly 
3erts  and  maintains  that  in  every  war  that 
s  been  waged  between  the  United  Stales  and 
e  Indians,  justice  was  on  the  side  of  the  In- 
ms.  The  Indians  have  in  every  case  been 
nply  defending  their  rights  and  their  homes 
ainst  the  treacheryand  bad  faith  of  the  civil 
d  the  cunning  and  bruteTorceof  the  military 
partment  of  the  Government.  Generals 
•ook,  Terry  and  Miles  have  each  in  turn  in- 
rsed  this  opinion  of  General  Harney,  yet 
t  one  of  these  distinguished  military  heroes 
d  the  moral  courage  to  refuse  to  wage  un- 
it war  against  the  Indians.  General  Crook 
id,  in  a  recent  official  paper,  "It  goes  against 
f  conscience  to  fight  Indians,  when  I  know 
at  the  right  is  on  their  side,  and  tho  wrong 
ours."  In  such  a  case  a  true  hero,  a  man 
moral  courage,  would  have  said  "  I  cannot 
r  will  not  engage  in  an  unjust  war;  I  will 
sign  my  commission  and  return  to  private 
3  rather  than  stain  my  hands  with  the  inno- 
it  blood  of  an  oppressed  race." 
What  a  sensation,  what  a  profound  impres- 
m  upon  the  public  mind  would  such  a  decla- 
jion  from  one  of  these  men  have  produced  ! 
hat  a  moral  force  would  have  been  exerted 
on  the  whole  country  and  upon  tho  Gov- 
iment ! — Council  Fire. 


White  River  Monthly  Meeting,  Indiana. 

[The  following  narrative  of  the  situation  of 
things  in  White  River  Monthly  Meeting,  In- 
diana ;  and  of  the  causes  which  led  to  a  sepa- 
ration in  its  limits;  has  been  placed  in  our 
hands  by  a  friend  in  this  city.  It  is  taken 
from  a,  letter  written  to  him  by  William  Ro- 
binson, of  Winchester,  Randolph  county,  In- 
diana; and  is  here  inserted,  partly  as  an  his- 
torical narrative  of  the  occurrences  taking 
place  in  our  Society,  and  partly  from  the  light 
it  throws  on  the  disorganizing  effects  which 
are  produced  by  those  changes  in  doctrine 
'and  practice  against  which  sound  Friends  in 
many  parts  have  felt  bound  to  testify. — Ed.] 

"Our  meeting  place  is  five  miles  east  of 
Winchester,  called  Jericho,  a  component  part 
of  White  River  Monthly  Meeting;  settled 
about  1S20  by  sound  Friends  from  North  Car- 
olina. The  meeting  prospered  and  moved  on 
with  but  little  disturbance  for  more  than  fifty 
years,  till  those  sturdy  pioneers  in  the  truth 
here,  began  to  pass  away,  and  a  generation 
grew  up  that  knew  not  Joseph.  Some  fifteen 
years  ago,  a  spirit  began  to  manifest  itself  in 
our  Monthly  Meeting  to  disregard  the  requi- 
sitions of  discipline,  and  to  lay  waste  the  long 
established  order  of  society.  It  first  appeared 
in  the  ministers,  by  introducing  strange  and 


depravity,  having  no  light,  no  grace,  no  wit- 
ness in  themselves;  holding  up  the  bible  in 
the  congregations  of  the  people,  and  declaring 
that  to  be  the  word  of  God,  and  the  only 
sword  of  the  spirit  that  they  knew  of.  This 
state  of  things  went  on  for  five  or  six  years, 
sound  Friends  bearing  and  forbearing,  and 
suffering  much  ;  meanwhile  a  part  of  our 
Friends  ceased  to  attend  our  meetings,  and 
some  of  them  requested  to  be  released  from 
membership,  while  others  of  us  continued  to 
attend,  often  feeling  much  worse  on  the  road 
home  than  when  going.  We  sensibly  felt  that 
we  were  not  only  wasting  much  precious 
time,  but  were  growing  weaker  in  spiritual 
life;  and  seeing  that  the  Yearly  Meeting  was 
disposed  to  encourage  all  these  departures, 
several  more  of  us  ceased  to  attend  those 
meetings,  thus  held  and  conducted  out  of  the 
long  established  good  order  of  the  Society. 
We  called  a  conference  of  the  tried  ones,  which 
resulted  in  a  united  conclusion  to  hold  our 
meetings  separate  and  apart  from  theirs,  on 
a  different  (lay  in  the  week,  and  a  later  hour 
on  First-days,  in  a  part  of  the  same  house; 
which  wo  did,  and  have  continued  to  do  reg- 
ularly since,  much  to  our  comfort  and  satis- 
faction ;  not  knowing  at  the  time  that  there 
would  be  anj-  meetings  of  Friends  anywhere 
with  which  we  could  unite.    About  this  time, 


little  later,  a  separation  took  place  in 
leard  of  doctrine,  and  holding  what  they]  Western  Yearly  Meeting.  We,  holding  our 
ed  revival  meetings;  in  which  they  would  Monthly  Meeting  as  we 'had  done  before,  re- 
up  o-reat  excitement,  and  call  on  all  to  quested  to  become  a  part  of  Plainfield  Quar- 


ter, which  was  granted." 


speak  ;  telling  them  not  to  wait  for  any  feel- 
ing or  conviction,  but  just  step  out  and  claim 

it,  and  believe  they  had  it,  and  they  would  The  wild  artichoke,  in  growing  throws  out 
have  it.  In  this  way  they  would  go  on  from  numerous  branches  of  equal  size  and  length 
day  to  day,  and  from  week  to  week  ;  often  jn  all  directions,  forming  a  sort  of  sphere  or 
ono  minister  would  go  over  the  entire  meet-  globe  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter.  When  ripe 
ing  in  regular  order,  asking  eveiy  individ- 1 and  dry  in  autumn,  these  branches  become 
ual,  whether  he  or  she  had  been  converted  I rigid  and  light  as  a  feather,  the  parent  stem 
and  knew  that  they  were  saved,  and  saved  breaks  off  at  the  ground,  and  the  wind  ear- 
now;  meanwhile  another  minister  would  sit  ries  these  vegetable  globes  whithersoever  it 
at  the  table,  pencil  in  hand,  and  as  the  first  Jpleasetb.  At  the  proper  season  thousands  of 
reported  the  state  of  the  individual  to  be,  heithem  come  scudding  over  the  plain,  rolling, 
marked  him  or  her  down  saint  or  sinner  as  leaping,  bounding  with  vast  racket,  to  the 
the  ease  might  be  ;  and  then  report  publicly  dismay  both  of  the  horse  and  his  rider.  Once, 
the  number  of  tho  saved  and  unsaved,  andjon  the  plain  north  of  Hamath,  my  horse 
call  for  tho  unsaved  to  come  forward  to  a  cer- 1  became  unmanageable  among  them.  They 
tain  seat,  pointing  it  out,  to  be  prayed  for;  charged  down  upon  us  on  the  wings  of  the 
and  at  these  meetings  they  invite  all  that  wish 
to  become  members  of  the  society  to  come 
forward  and  give  their  names.  The  names 
being  written  down,  were  brought  to  the 
Monthly  Meeting  and  recorded  in  a  wholesale 
way,  without  any  further  care  being  taken. 
I  have  known  thirty  or  forty  recorded  at  one 
Monthly  Meeting  here,  in  this  way  ;  and  in  a 
short  time  a  large  per  cent,  of  them  send  in 
their  request  to  be  released.  And  if  sound 
and  consistent  Friends  manifested  dissatisfac- 
tion with  these  gross  departures  from  the  dis- 
cipline and  order  of  the  society,  they  were 
generally  treated  with  silence  if  not  with 
contempt.  The  departures  in  doctrine  it 
would  be  hard  to  misrepresent,  for  a  multiplic- 
ity of  ideas  were  continually  being  brought 
forward,  and  many  of  them  very  conflicting. 
In  short  all  the  modern  views  relative  to  jus- 
tification and  sanctification,  and  claiming  that 
Christ  was  married  to  the  backslider;  very 
extreme  and  coarse  ideas  of  the  resurrection 
of  the  material  body;  claiming  that  those  who 
had  received  a  gift  in  the  ministry  had  no 
need  to  wait  for  divine  ability  ;  and  thatthose 
who  had  not  been  converted  according  to  their 
prescribed  method,  were  in  a  state  of  total 


wind,  which  broke  them  from  their  moorings, 
and  sent  them  careering  over  the  desert  in 
countless  numbers.  Our  excellent  native 
itinerant,  had  a  similar  encounter  with  them 
on  the  eastern  desert,  beyond  the  Ilauran, 
and  his  horse  was  so  terrified  that  he  was 
obliged  to  alight  and  lead  him.  I  have  long 
suspected  that  this  wild  artichoke  is  the  gul- 
gal, which,  in  Psalms  is  rendered  wheel,  and 
in  Isaiah  a  rolling  thing.  Evidently  our  trans- 
lators knew  not  what  to  call  it.  Tho  first 
passage  reads  thus,  "O  my  God,  make  them 
like  a  wheel — gulgal — asthe  stubble  before  the 
wind."  The  second,  "  Rebuke  them,  and  they 
shall  flee  far  off,  and  shall  be  chased  as  the 
chaff  of  tho  mountains  before' the  wind,  and 
like  a  rolling  thing — gulgal — before  the  whirl- 
wind." Now,  from  the  nature  of  the  paral- 
lelism, tho  gulgal  cannot  be  a  "  wheel,"  but 
something  corresponding  to  chaff.  It  must 
also  be  something  that  does  not  fly  like  the 
chaff,  but.  in  a  striking  manner,  rolls  before 
the  wind.  The  signification  of  gulgal  in 
Hebrew,  and  its  equivalent  in  other  Shemitic 
dialects,  requires  this,  and  this  rolling  arti- 
choke meets  the  case  most  emphatically,  and 
especially  when  it  rolls  before  the  whirlwind. 


318 


THE    FRIEND. 


It  was  the  extraordinary  behavior  of  this 
"rolling  thing"  that  riveted  my  attention. 
Hundreds  of  these  globes,  all  bounding  like 
gazelles  in  one  direction  over  the  desert, 
would  suddenly  wheel  short  round  at  the  bid- 
ding of  a  counter-blast,  and  dash  away  with 
equal  speed  on  their  new  course. —  The  Land 
and  the  Book,  W.  M.  Thomson. 

John  Quincy  Adams'  Mother.— The  mother 
of  John  Quincy  Adams  said,  in  a  letter  to  him, 
written  when  he  was  only  twelve  years  old  : 

"  I  would  rather  see  you  laid  in  your  grave 
than  grow  up  a  profane  and  graceless  boy." 

Not  long  before  the  death  of  Adams  a  gen- 
tleman said  to  him,  "  1  have  found  out  who 
made  you." 

"  What  do  you  mean  ?"  asked  Adams. 

The  gentleman  replied,  "  I  have  been  read- 
ing thepublishcd  letters  of  your  mother." 

"If," this  gentleman  relates,  "  I  had  spoken 
that  dear  name  to  some  little  boy  who  had 
been  for  weeks  away  from  his  mother,  his 
eyes  could  not  havo  flashed  more  brightly, 
nor  his  face  glowed  more  quickly,  than  did  the 
eyes  and  face  of  that  venerable  old  man  when 
1  pronounced  the  name  of  his  mother.  lie 
stood  up  in  his  peculiar  manner  and  said: 

"<  Yes  sir;  all  that  is  good  in  me  I  owe  to 
my  mother.'  " 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c, 

Phosphoresce?it  Limestone.  —  At  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
(Philadelphia),  a  limestone  from  Utah  was 
described,  which  when  struck  with  a  pick 
gives  out  a  livid  red  light.  This  light  is  de- 
veloped when  it  is  either  struck,  scratched  or 
heated.  It  is  a  loose-grained,  white,  crystal- 
line limestone.  There  are  in  the  Academy 
specimens  of  limestone  from  India,  of  similar 
external  characters,  which  when  heated  give 
out  a  yellow  phosphorescence.  This  seems 
to  confirm  the  view  that  phosphorescence 
may  depend  on  physical  rather  than  chemical 
conditions. 

Earth  Worms. — These  useful  preparers  of 
soil  for  vegetation  are  said  not  to  exist  in 
many  of  the  prairies  of  the  North  West  of  our 
country.  This  is  supposed  to  be  due  to  the 
alkaline  character  of  the  soil. 

Sinking  of  a  Mountain.— An  isolated  moun 
tain  in  Algeria,  Jebel  Naiba.  about  2000  feet 
in  height,  is  rapidly  decreasing  in  altitude, 
and  round  its  base  a  considerable  cavity  is 
being  formed.  The  whole  mass  of  the  moun- 
tain "is  evidently  sinking.  The  neighborhood 
has  evidently  been  the  scene  of  a  similar 
phenomenon  before  ;  for  Lake  Fezzara,  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  mountain,  did  not  exist  in 
the  time  of  the  llomans  ;  and  must  have  been 
formed  by  a  similar  sinking. — Nature. 

Flies  as  Agents  in  Spreading  Disease.- 
Italian  Archives  of  Biology  contains  ai 
cle  by  Dr.  tirassi  on  the  agency  of  Hies  in 
spreading  infectious  maladies,  epidemics  and 
parasitic  diseases.  It  seems  almost  certain, 
that  in  Egypt,  where  ophthalmia  is  very 
prevalent,  they  carry  the  disease  to  the  eyes 
of  infants  by  means  of  the  infectious  material 
adhering  to  their  feet  or  other  part  of  their 
body.  Dr.  Crassi  also  calls  attention  to  a 
danger  from  the  ejeeta  of  the  Hie*  themselves. 
He  had  placed  some  of  the  minute  eggs  of  a 
human  parasite  on  a  plate  in  his  laborat 
A  few  hours  after,  on  examining  with 
microscope  the  small  spots  left  by  the  11k 
some  sheets  of  white  paper   in    his   kit< 


about  30  feet  distant,  he  found  in  them  several 
gs  of  the  parasite.  In  another  experiment 
;  found  the  eggs  of  the  tape-worm  had  been 
similarly  transported.  As  the  flies  light  on 
food  as  well  as  sheets  of  paper,  it  seems  quite 
possible  that  parasitic  germs  may  be  intro- 
duced into  the  human  body  through  their 
agency. 

Deep-sea  Fishes. — Among  the  results  of  the 
deep-sea  dredging  on  the  Talisman  were  seve- 
1  curious  forms  of  fishes.  On  one  occasion, 
the  remarkable  number  of  1031  fishes  were 
taken  in  a  single  haul  about  one-quarter  of  a 
le  below  the  surface.  Certain  kinds  appear* 
to  inhabit  certain  zones  of  depth,  varying 
from  600  to  over  3650  metres.  These  deep- 
sea  forms  are  subjected  to  an  enormous  pres- 
sure, and  the  rapid  removal  of  this  as  they 
are  hauled  to  the  surface  causes  the  air  in  the 
swimming  bladder  todilate,  sometimesforcing 
out  the  eyes,  shedding  the  scales,  and  even 
smashing  the  body  to  pieces.  Fish  of  the 
same  species  have  been  caught  at  depths 
ranging  from  about  half  a  mile  to  two  miles. 
It  is  probable  that  in  going  up  or  down  with- 
in these  limits  their  vertical  motion  is  slow, 
so  as  to  accommodate  themselves  to  changes 
in  pressure. 

All  deep  sea  fishes  are  predatory.  Among 
the  curious  organs  with  which  some  of  them 
arc   furnished, 


treated  them  all  for  weakness,  but  with  little 
effect  until  the  smoking  was  discontinued, 
when  health  and  strength  were  soon  restored. 


Items. 

Choosing  by  Lot.— The  Mennonites  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  choosing  a  pastor  of  a  congregation,  make 
the  selection  by  lot  from  among  the  candidates.  In 
East  Earl  township,  Lancaster  county,  on  3d  month 
18th,  this  method  was  employed  to  fill  a  vacant 
charge.  Fully  fifteen  hundred  people,  it  is  said 
were  assembled,  and  services  in  German  and  Eng- 
lish were  conducted.  There  were  twenty  applicants 
for  ministerial  duty.  At  the  conclusion  of  a  sermon 
three  ministers  took  twenty  books  with  clasps  to  an 
ante-room,  where  they  put  a  slip  of  paper  contain- 
ing  the  words,  "  Ein  diener  das  wort,"  in  one.  The) 
were  brought  back,  set  in  a  row  on  a  table,  whej 
each  one  of  the  select  twenty  took  one  and  retiree 
to  his  seat.  "  Bishop  Shenk  then  commenced  at  thi 
first  row  to  open  the  books  to  find  the  paper.  Tel 
were  opened  without  finding  it.  The  eleventH 
which  was  held  by  Menno  Zimmerman,  container 
the  slip.  During  this  period,  which  lasted  overt 
quarter  of  an  hour,  the  scene  was  one  of  the  moj 
impressive  and  the  suspense  was  intense.  Men  anj 
women  were  weeping  aloud  all  over  the  churcr 
while  those  who  held  books  unopened  before  tn 
eleventh  was  reached  were  in  a  terrible  suspense.'* 
—  Opium  in  ATcw  South  Wales. — Our  own  zealon 
opposition  to  the  still  continued  infamy  of  the  opiui 
traffic  in  China,  should  be  stimulated  bj  the  fa] 
that  in  New  South  Wales  the  Legislature  is  beiij 
a  long  thread    or  filament ! roused  to  prohibit  the  introduction  of  opium  ini 


placed  underneath  the  lower  jaw  of  one  spe- 


that  colony,  save  for  purely  medicinal  purposes 


Chinese  gentleman  resident  in  .Sydney,  pleads  ft 
such  a  course,  on  the  ground  of  the  fearful  ravagi 
the  drug  has  made  upon  his  own  countrymen,  ur^ 
ing  that  humanity  and  policy  alike  support  his  sui 
It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  twenty-nine  munieip: 
councils  have  "backed  up  his  appeal,  and  that  wid' 


cies,  which  ends  in  a  knob-like  phosphores 
cent  mass. 

Hydrogen  Gas  liquefied. — The  liquefaction 
of  oxygen  a  few  years  ago,  was  a  great  chem- 
ical achievement.  A  greater  one  jTet,  is  tele- 
graphed by  a  Bussian  chemist,  Wroblewski,  spread  sympathy  is  being-  expressed  with  its  objec 
in  these  words:  "Hydrogen  cooled  by  boil- |Let  us  hope  the  Colonial  Government  will  be  mo 
ing  oxygen  has  been  liquefied  by  expansion."  J"»t  and  conscientious  in  tins  matter  than  our  hon 
We  understand  this  to  mean  that,  by  hydrau-  ^legislators  as  yet  have  boen.-The  ChrrsUan. 
lie  pressure  an  immense  quantity  of  hydrogen  —Lunch  Room  at  Arch  Nrert  Mnling-House.—Tl 
has  been  forced  into  a  tube,  which  tube  has  number  of  persons  availmg  themselves  of  tins  at  tl 
i  i  k,  \;n„;A  1^„„Q,-,  „,-,,!  (I,,!  time  ol  Philadelphia  N  earlv  .Meeting,  shows  that 
been  surrounded   by  liquid  oxygen    and  that  ^  a  ^^  L.„nV(,,|k,m.e     t1k.      i(A,  charged  is  m0, 

by  the  vaporization  of  the  oxygen -the  hydro-  cratt?(ir,  eellts)i  and  thc  provisions  are  excellent 
gen  has  been  reduced  to  a  liquid  state,  just  as  Jtne;r  kind,  though  limited  to  a  few  articles— t 
the  vaporization  of  carbonic  acid  reduces  ox-  an(i  coffee,  bread  and  butter,  cold  boiled  ham,  co 
yo-en  to  a  liquid. — Exchange.  roast  beef  and  canned  peaches.    The  Superinte 

Beer  and  Tobacco.— Dr.  Bowditch,  former- '  dent  of  the  room  reports  the  number  of  meals  at  tl 
ly  chairman  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of, late  Yearly  Meeting  to  be  2181,  an  increase  of  1 
Health,  and  a  physician  of  world-wide  repu-  over  the  ljrevlous  year- 

tation,  o-ave  important  testimony  at  a  legisla-  —Jewish  Foster  Rome  and  Orphan  Asylum.— T\ 
tive  hearing,  3rd  month  10th.  He  said  that ;  Annual  Report  ,,f  ^^"^itution'^tedat^m^ 
though  formerly  he  was  of  thc  contrary  opin-  »™;.  ,*  /".,.  i  -» \ V*:,-- .It  i«  l,il 
ion,  he  now  thinks  that  to  encourage  the  use 
of  light  wines  and  lager-beer,  with  the  inten- 


-Thc 

art  i 


tion  of  thereby  lessening  mtemperan 
delusion.  As  he  is  not  a  prohibitionist  this  is 
unprejudiced  testimony.  He  also  said,  therein 
agreeing  with  Willard  Parker,  and  Drs.  Car- 
penter and  Richardson,  that  tobacco  is  nearly 
as  dangerous  and  deadly.  He  thinks  that  a 
man  with  a  "tobacco  heart,"  is  in  health 
nearly  as  badly  off  as  a  drunkard. 

Effects  of  Smoking.— An  English  physician 
has  been  investigating  the  effect  of  smoking 
on  boys.  He  took  for  his  purpose  thirty-eight 
boys,  aged  from  nine  to  fifteen,  and  carefully 
examined  them.  In  twenty-seven  he  disco- 
vered injurious  traces  of  the  habit.  In  twenty- 
two  there  were  various  disorders  (if  the  circu- 
lation and  of  digestion,  palpitation  of  the 
heart,  and  more  or  less  taste  for  strong  drink. 
In  twelve  there  were  frequently- bleedings  of 
the  nose,  ten  had  disturbed  sleep,  and  twelve 
had  slight  ulceration  oft  he  mucous  membrane 
of  the.  mouth,  which  disappeared  on  cea 
the  use  of  tobacco  for  some  days.      The  dc 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIFTH  MONTH  10,  1884. 


In  a  social   circle,  where   the  writer  w 
present  some  months  ago,  in  company  wi 
some    intelligent  and  well-concerned   youi 
members  of  our  Society,  a  question  was  ask 
as  to  thc  reason  why  Friends  do  not  freely  ' 
in  the  missionary  movements,  which  an 
common  among  other  religious  denominatioi 
of  sending  out  to  heathen   countries  per 
who  might  instruct  their  inhabitants  in  t 
truths  of  tho  Christian  religion.    The  inqui 
was  a  natural  and  a  reasonable  one  ;  and 
has  frequently  been   brought  to   mind  sir 
that  time,  with  a  belief  that  there  may 
others,    beside   tho   young  friends  above 
ferred  to,  who  feel  an  interest  in  this  subje 

The  word  "missionary"  means  one  whe 
sent,  and,  as  commonly  applied,  is  rcstricl 


THE    FRIEND. 


319 


)  one  who  is  sent  on  a  religious  errand.  We 
lay  therefore  properly  use  the  term  with 
sference  to  all  those  who  go  forth  in  the  ser- 
ice  of  the  gospel,  being  "sent"  to  their  re- 
pective  fields  of  labor  by  the  Head  of  the 
Ihurch  Himself,  who  alone  has  the  right  and 
be  power  to  prepare,  qualify,  and  commission 
is  servants  for  the  work  He  designs  them  to 
erform.  From  the  very  commencement  of 
.s  existence  as  a  distinct  body  of  people,  the 
ociety  of  Friends  has  been  remarkable  for 
he  extent  of  its  missionary  labors  in  this  di- 
ection.  In  all  places  where  it  has  taken  root 
nd  flourished,  its  ministers  have  been  led 
mm  time  to  time  to  visit  their  fellow  mem- 
in  the  love  of  the  gospel,  not  only  in  thei 


-leetings  for  worship,  but  often  laboring  from 
ouse  to  house  to  warn,  persuade,  comfort 
nd  build  up.  Nor  are  these  labors  confined 
o  its  own  members.  The  outside  world  are 
ften  invited  to  be  present  on  such  occasions, 
leetings  are  held  especially  for  their  benefit, 
nd  these  visits  are  made  to  portions  of  the 
ountry,  and  even  to  distant  lands  where  no 
ettlements  of  our  members  exist.  Most  of 
ur  readers  can  recall  the  journeys  of  Danie 
Vheeler,  James  Backhouse,  Stephen  Grellett, 
"nomas  Sbillitoe,  and  other  devoted  laborers, 
s  illustrations  of  this ;  and  the  members  of 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  will  remember 
imilar  visits  by  our  own  members  within 
bw  years,  among  the  miners  of  Colorado,  the 
reedmen  of  the  South,  the  laboring  classes 
iearer  home,  the  prisons,  hospitals,  and  simi 
[>r  institutions,  as  well  as  in  the  community 
,t  large. 

All  of  theso  may  truly  be  called  "  mission 
try"  labors,  if  those  engaged  in  them  received 
i  Divine  call  to  enter  into  their  respective 
ervices;  and  prosecuted  them  in  dependence 
in  the  Lord,  and  in  the  ability  which  He 
rives.  The  laborers  were  sustained  by  the 
'ympatby  and  help  of  their  fellow-members; 
ind  if  pecuniary  assistance  was  needed  to  de- 
ray  their  travelling  expenses,  it  was  not 
vithheld  ;  for  our  Society  is  truly  a  "  mission- 
iry  society,"  and  we  need  no  auxiliary  organi- 
sation to  carry  out  any  religious  concerns  of 
;his  nature.  Wherever  the  church  is  pre- 
jerved  in  a  living  condition,  way  will  be  made 
'or  the  carrying  out  of  those  concerns  which 
t  sees  to  be  of  Divine  requiring,  and  the  mem- 
bers will  rejoice  that  laborers  are  being  sent 
forth  into  the  Lord's  harvest-field.  To  guard 
against  rash  and  hasty  movements,  the  Dis- 
cipline of  Friends  prescribes  that  the  religious 
concerns  of  its  members  should  be  weightily 
considered  and  approved  of  by  their  meet- 
ings, before  any  are  permitted  to  go  forth  on 
any  extensive  service.  Such  members  are  not 
regarded  as  being  sent  by  their  meetings,  but 
Bent  of  the  Lord  himself;  and  the  meetings 
merely  decide  whether  or  not  in  their  judg- 
ment the  individual  is  correct  in  believing 
that  he  has  received  such  a  call. 

The  difference  between  the  missionary  op 
orations  of  consistent  Friends,  and  those  of 
other  religious  societies  is  substantially  th< 
same  as  is  manifested  in  the  exercise  of  the  min 
istry  in  general.  We  have  ever  believed  that 
the  ministry  is  not  only  a  divine  gift,  but  that 
every  succeeding  exercise  of  it  must  be  ac- 
companied with  a  renewal  of  the  divine  life 
and  power  ;  and  that  where  this  is  not  experi- 
enced the  duty  of  the  minister  is  the  same  as 
that  of  every  other  worshipper  present,  i.  e. 
to  wait  in  reverent  silence  and  exercise  of 
spirit   on   the   Lord  for  ability  to  worship, 


This  doctrine  lies  at  the  root  of  our  manner 
of  worship  ;  and  if  it  is  departed  from  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  will  cease  to  exist  as  a  repre- 

ntative  of  its  original  principles. 

So  far  as  we  know,  there  is  no  other  body 
of  the  professors  of  Christianity  who  hold  this 
view  in  the  same  fulness;  and  therefore  the 
members  of  our  Society  cannot  join  in  their 

nisterial  exercises  whether  at  home  or 
abroad,  without  departing  from  their  own 
doctrines.  A  faithful  adherence  to  our  own 
convictions  of  right  by  no  means  implies  any 
narrowness  of  mind.  We  may  recognize  the 
good  in  others,  and  rejoice  in  any  blessing 
that  rests  on  their  efforts,  without  departing 
from  that  testimony  which  the  Lord  has  given 
to  us  as  the  truth. 

The  same  principle  which  governs  the 
movements  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel  among 
Friends  in  making  a  brief  visit  to  the  churches 
or  to  the  people  in  an}-  section  of  the  country, 
apply  in  the  case  of  our  members  going  to 
reside  from  religious  concern,  for  a  shorter  or 
longer  period.  We  have  many  instances  on 
our  records,  where  the  Lord's  servants  have 
felt  it  their  duty  to  remove  to  such  or  such  a 
place,  often  very  contrary  to  their  own  inc 
nations.  When  such  are  careful  properly  to 
weigh  the  matter,  so  as  to  have  an  eviden 
that  it  is  really  a  divine  requiring,  and  not  a 
mere  impulse  of  the  imagination,  or  th 
suit  of  the  suggestions  of  others;  and  have 
the  concurrence  of  their  friends  at  home  ;  they 


believe  the  great  need  of  our  Society,  and  of 
the  Christian  world  at  the  present  day,  is  a 
more  full  submission  of  heart  to  Christ,  and 

more  steady  and  faithful  walking  in  the 
ght  of  his  Spirit.  From  this  would  result 
reater  fervency  of  spirit,  stronger  love  to 
our  fellow  men,  and  more  perfect  willingness 
to  submit  to  every  sacrifice,  to  undergo  every 
exercise  of  spirit,  and  to  perform  every  labor 
which  the  Lord  might  appoint,  for  the  good 
of  the  church  or  the  world.  Like  the  Prophet 
Isaiah,  after  he  had  seen  the  wonderful  vision 
of  the  Lord  sitting  in  his  temple,  and  his  lips 
had  been  touched  by  a  live  coal  from  off  the 
altar,  many  would  be  made  willing  to  say, 
"  Here  am  I,  send  me,"  in  response  to  the 
Divine  query,  "  Who  will  go  for  us,  and  whom 
shall  we  send  ?" 

In  the  broadest  sense  of  the  word,  every 
true  Christian  who  participates  in  the  active 
duties  of  life,  may  be  regarded  as  a^"  mission- 
ary ;"  for  he  so  lives  and  acts  under  the  guid- 
ance of  the  Spirit  of  Christ  as  to  be  made  in- 
strumental in  the  spread  of  his  kingdom — 
whether  outwardly  engaged  in  instructing 
the  unlearned,  in  promoting  the  physical 
health  of  his  fellow  men,  or  in  any  one  of  the 
myriad  occupations  which  make  up  the  busi- 
ness of  mankind.  But  to  pursue  this  subject 
into  its  various  details  would  lead  to  an  un- 
reasonable extension  of  this  paper. 

We  received  a  copy  of  the  Providence 
(P.  I.)  Daily  Journal,  giving  an  account  of 


may  reasonably  hope  that  the  blessing  of  the 

Lord  will  rest  on  the  movement;  and  on  the  the  ceremonies  at  the  Friends' School  located 
labors  that  He  may  require  of  them  in  their  ;n  that  city,  on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling 
new  abode.  of  a  marble  bust  of  the  distinguished  English 

Of  latter  years,  several  "missionary"  enter- 1  statesman,  John  Bright,  which  had  been  pre- 
prises  have  been  undertaken  by  members  of  sented  by  one  of  the  friends  of  the  institution, 
our  religious  Society,  supported  and  controlled!  The  ceremonies  were  in  accordance  with 
by  associations  in  some  measure  independent ! those  which  are  usually  practised  on  similar 
of  our  regular  organized  meetings.  The  re-  |0ccasions,  including  speeches  from  invited 
sponsible  duty  of  deciding  on  the  rectitude  of  gUe9ts  who  were  present,  and  letters  from 
the  concern   to  enter  on  such  services,  pro-  absent  ones. 

fessed  by  any  one,  is  assumed  by  these  asso-j  ^n  editorial  notice  in  the  Journal  says  of 
ciations;  which,  in  this  matter,  trespass  on  the  Friends' School,  that  it  has  increased  not 
the  functions  of  our  meetings  for  discipline.  |only  "in  the  extent  and  elegance  of  its  build- 
We  believe  the  change  to  be  disorganizing  injingg,  but  has  more  than  equally  advanced  in 
ts  character,  and  not  likely  to  be  an  improve-  jts  standard  of  education."    "  It  has  accepted 

the  tendencies  of  the  times,  which   have  de- 
anded  not  only  a  higher  literary  curriculum, 


ment  in  any  respect.  And  we  are  the  more 
confirmed  in  this  belief  from  the  fact,  that  in 
some  eases  the  persons  selected  or  authorized 
to  labor  on  behalf  of  these  associations  do  not 
feel  bound  to  limit  themselves  by  the  prin- 
ciples we  profess  to  uphold  to  the  world,  but 
imitate  those  of  other  societies  in  preaching 
at  stated  times,  and  in  other  things  inconsis- 
tent with  Quakerism.  The  associations  which 
send  out  and  support  such  laborers  are  in 
part  responsible  for  such  inconsistencies  ;  and 
their  influence  thus  tends  to  break  down  the 
precious  testimonies  which  our  Society  has 
ever  felt  called  upon  to  maintain. 

We  do  not  doubt  that  a  desire  to  do  good 
has  been  a  motive  with  many  who  have 
favored  this  movement,  and  we  should  be 
sorry  to  wound  the  feelings  of  any  such.  But 
if  we  have  faith  in  the  truth  of  the  spiritual 
principles  we  profess,  let  us  be  willing  to  act 
in  consistency  therewith.  It  is  the  Lord  alone 
who  can  change  the  heart  of  man,  and  cause 
his  kingdom  to  spread  and  prevail  in  the 
earth.  The  more  fully  we  are  brought  into 
subjection  to  his  power,  alid  act  under  his 
guidance,  the  more  effectively  will  we  be  used 
for  his  service,  though  it  may  often  be 
waj's  that  we  know  not  of,  and  the  results 
may  be  much   hidden  from  our  view 


.1US 

Welu 


but  a  more  aesthetic  culture.  In  its  recent 
ntroduction  of  music,  it  now  recognizes  the 
'alue  and  the  spiritualizing  [?]  influences  of 
art."  "  The  observance  [the  unveiling  of  the 
bust]  was  not  merely  a  passing  incident;  it 
was  a  sign  of  a  new  spirit." 

It  is  with  no  unkind  feeling,  that  we  refer 
to  these  evidences  of  a  departure  from  the 
ancient  Quaker  standard.  We  believe  they 
are  truly  "signs  of  a  new  spirit,"  which  has 
"nuated  itself  into  some  parts  of  our  So- 
ciety, and  is  leading  away  from  the  plain, 
simple,  cross-bearing,  practices  and  teaching 
of  our  forefathers  in  religious  profession. 
When  "  elegant  buildings,"  "  aesthetic  cul- 
ture," "  music"  and  statuary,  become  promi- 
nent elements  in  the  training  of  the  children 
of  Friends,  their  teachers  will  probably  regard 
as  narrow-minded,  illiberal  people,  those  ad- 
mirers of  primitive  simplicity,  who  think  they 
are  still  bound  to  follow  the  advice  of  the 
apostle,  "Be  not  conformed  to  this  world,  but 
be  ye  transformed  in  the  spirit  of  your  minds." 

SUiMMAKY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States.— In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  29th 


the  bill  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the  Iowa  In- 


320 


THE    FRIEND. 


dian  reservation  in  Nebraska  and  Kansas  was  passed. 
The  pleuropneumonia  bill  was  also  passed  the  same 
day. 

The  public  debt  statement  for  4th  month  shows  a  re- 
Secretary  Teller  has  written  to  Colonel  S.  F.  Tappan, 
Superintendentot' the  Genoa  Indian  (School  in  Nebraska, 
a  letter  full  of  suggestions  as  to  the  proper  training  of 
children  in  Indian  Schools.  The  Secretary  regards  in- 
dustrial education  as  the  end  chielly  to  be  sought,  and 
he  concludes  by  saying:  "Very  few  Indians  will  be 
able  to  purchase  expensive  machinery  with  which  to 
carry  on  farming  operations,  and  they  should  be  taught 
to  sow  grain  by  hand,  cultivate  corn  witli  plough  and 
hoe,  and  cut  grass  with  scythe,  and  grain  with  hand-  j 
cradle,  and  to  care  for  it  after  it  is  cut.  I  also  suggest  I 
that  you  should  teach  both  boys  and  girls  to  milk'thej 
cows.  The  girls  should  be  taught  to  make  butter,  [ 
cheese  and  curds,  as  well  as  do  all  the  household  work, 
such  as  cooking,  washing,  making  and  mending  clothes." 
In  the  New  York  Assembly  the  proposed  Prohibition 
amendment  to  the  Suae  Constitution  was  lost — yeas  60, 
nays  63.  The  bill  prohibiting  immoral  literature  in 
the  shape  of  illustrated  police  reports  has  gone  to  its 
third  reading  in  the  Senate  of  the  same  State,  and  it  is 
probable  it  will  become  a  law.  It  is  vigorously  pushed 
by  the  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice.  The  author 
of  the  measure  explains  that  its  provisions  are  not  to 
apply  to  the  New  York  dailies,  as  they  are  not  chietiy 
composed  of  criminal  intelligence  or  illustrations. 

The  sale  of  postage  stamps  at  the  Philadelphia  Post- 
office  in  4th  month  amounted  to  $127,726.55,  an  in- 
crease of  $2053.07  over  the  same  period  last  year. 

Chicago  has  one  liquor  saloon  to  every  3d  families, 
which  is  more  than  thirteen  times  the  number  of  bakers, 
and   nearly  six   times  the  number  of  butchers.     The 
grocers  number  one  to  every  eighty-nine  families. 
Tanning  alligator  hides,  which  at  one  time  is  said  to 


become  a  neces- 
mdred  thousand 
i  order  to  supply 


have  been  done  as  a  novelty, 
sity,  and   it  is   estimated   that  four 
alligators  were  killed  during  1883, 
the  demand  for  leather. 

It  is  reported  from  Cincinnati,  the  Xenia  Relief  Com- 
mittee will  issue  an  appeal  for  help  for  the  people  of 
Jamestown,  Ohio.  By  the  recent  tornado,  1200  in- 
habitants of  that  town  lost  130  dwellings,  with  all  their 
furniture,  amounting  in  value  to  nearly  $300,000. 
Many  families  are  not  only  homeless  but  entirely  desti- 
tute, and  contributions  of  clothing,  money  and  building 
material  are  solicited. 

Lieut.  Ray  says  that  the  Aleutian  Islands,  lying  as 
far  west  of  San  Francisco  as  Maine  lies  east  of  it,  and 
swept  by  the  air  from  the  warm  Asiatic  current  of  the 
ocean,  have  a  climate  like  Southern  Ireland,  and  are 
going  to  be  very  valuable  for  grazing. 

Over  100  persons  have  been  killed  in  Colorado  by 
snowslides  during  the  past  winter. 

Great  forest  tires  have  occurred  in  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey  and  New  Yrork.  The  town  of  Brisbin,  in 
Clearfield  county,  Penna.,  was  destroyed  by  the  flames 
from  the  forest  lires  around  it.  About  two  hundred 
and  fiity  buildings  were  consumed.  Over  one  hundred 
families  lost  everything.  At  the  same  time  tires  were 
burning  in  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  the  Shawan- 
gunk  Mountains  and  the  Catskills,  in  New  York.  The 
air  was  thick  with  smoke,  and  isolated  farm  houses 
were  in  great  danger.  A  great  tire  raged  in  the  Blue 
Mountains  in  Warren  county,  New  Jersey,  and  in  the 
town  of  Washington,  25  miles  from  the  scene.  So  thick 
a  smoke  filled  the  air  that  it  became  quite  dark  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  Vast  tracts  of  timber  in 
Clarion  and  Elk  counties  were  destroyed.  Nearly  all 
of  the  forest  fires  are  now  extinguished  by  the  heavy 
rains. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  364, 
which  was  11  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
24  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  ISO  were  males  and  175  females: 
52  died  of  consumption;  26  of  pneumonia;  20  of  old 
age  ;  10  of  typhoid  fever  ;  12  of  scarlet  fever  and  14  of 
convulsions. 

Markets,  cfcc  —  U.  S.  4J's,  1891,  registered,  112!; 
coupon,  113;!  ;  4's,  1007,  registered,  123j  ;  coupon,  123]; 
3's,  registered,  101J  ;  currency  0's,  120  a  138. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12J  a  12J  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  Sj  a  8{  cts.  for  export, 
and  9J  a  0]  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  was  steady,  with  a  fair  demand.  Sales  of  2000 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  bakers',  at  J 4.50  a  $4.05; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.40  a  $4.75;  western  do.  at 
$5  a  $5.75,  and  patents  at  JO  a  $6.50.  Rye  (lour  was 
steady  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 


Grain. — Car  lots  of  wheat  for  milling  purposes  were 
easier,  but  futures  were  higher.  About  7000  bushel 
I red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.14  a  $1.15;  a 
choice  lot  at  $1.16;  No.  2  at  $1.04.1  a  $1.14  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  95  cts. 
!  per  bushel,  and  20,000  bush.  No.  2  red  at  $1.04  a  $1.05.1 
5th  mo.,  $1.05.1  a  $1.06  6th  mo.,  $1.04j  a  $1.05.1  7th 
mo.,  and  $1.03i  a  $1.04]  8th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots'were 
unsettled:  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60  a  61  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  58  a  60  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  57 J  a  59  cts, 
5th  mo.,  59  a  59J  cts.  6th  mo.,  60  a  60£  cts.  7th  mo.,  and 
61  a  02i  cts.  8th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  unchanged, 
13,000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  30£  a  41  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  15,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at 
392l  a  39J  cts.  5th  mo.,  40]  a  40J  cts.  6th  mo.,  40i  a  4.1 
cts.  7th  mo.,  and  37  a  39  cts.  8th  mo.  Rye  sells  in 
lots  at  72  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 
Feed.— Winter  bran  sells  at  $17  a  $17.50  per  ton. 
Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  5th 
mo.  3rd,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  338;  loads  of  straw,  52. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.05  a 
$1.15  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  99  cts.  a  $1.05  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  90  cts.  a  *1  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  unsettled  and  rather  lower :  3200 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  5  a  7  cts.  per  pound,  as  to 
quality. 

Sheep. — The  better  goods  were  a  fraction  higher: 
6000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  3J  a  7i  cts.,  and  lambs 
at  $3.50  a  $7  per  head. 

Hogs  were  rather  easier :  5000  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  7|a  8$  ct=.  per  pound  as  to  condition. 

Foreign.— On  4th  month  29th,  the  wages  of  ship- 
builders on  the  Clyde  were  reduced  10  percent.  Twelve 
thousand  men  are  idle. 

The  British  troopship  Crocodile,  from  India,  has  been 
released  from  quarantine  and  has  entered  Portsmouth 
harbor.  Soon  after  leaving  Bombay  eight  soldiers  were 
stricken  with  cholera  ;  six  of  them  died.  The  progress 
of  the  epidemic  was  rapid.  Some  deaths  occurred 
ithin  an  hour  after  the  persons  were  attacked.     The 


000,  to  be  used  on  the  construction  of  railways.  Thr 
"Journal  de  St.  Petersburg"  says  that  this  brilliant  re  I 
suit  is  an  evidence  of  the  immense  recovery  of  Russian  I 
credit. 

_  Owing  to  the  discovery  at  Moscow  of  a  plot  to  assa* 
sinate  the  czar,  the  festivities  designed  on  the  occasion 
of  the  coming  of  age  of  the  czarevich  will  be   held 
St.  Petersburg. 

Buenos  Ayres,  4th  mo.  30th. — A  heavy'storm  is  pre- 
vailing here.  Thirteen  centimetres  of  rain  have  fallen, 
more  than  has  been  known  for  fourteen  years.  A  mil 
ber  of  houses  and  walls  have  fallen,  and  four  childr 
have  been  killed.  The  rivers  have  overflown  then] 
banks,  and  many  villages  are  inundated.  There  ha? 
been  a  great  loss  of  cattle. 

About  1  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  4th  mo.  29th,  the 
city  of  Havana  was  shaken  by  two  terrible  concussions 
in  succession.  The  streets  were  immediately  filled; 
with  frightened  people,  who  believed  that  the  city  had 
been  visited  by  an  earthquake.  It  soon  became  known, 
however,  that  the  powder  magazines,  at  San  Antonio, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  bay,  had  exploded.  Of  the 
detachment  of  twenty-seven  soldiers  in  the  magazine  at 
the  time  of  the  explosion  eight  escaped  unhurt.  The 
magazine  contained  one  million  cartridges,  two  luin^ 
dred  thousand  kilograms  of  powder  and  one  barrel  oi 
dynamite.  Twenty-one  persons  are  known  to  have 
been  killed  and  seventy-nine  wounded. 

It  is  reported  that  gold  in  large  quantities  has  beerp 
discovered  in  Kaladar  township,  forty  miles  from  King 
ston,  Ontario.     Gold  discoveries  are  also  reported  it 
Hantz  county,  Nova  Scotia. 


BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOB  INDIAN  CHILDREN? 

AT  TONESSASSA. 

Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist 

working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  whenli 

out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  to 


this  service  may  apply  to 


Joseph  S.  Elkinlon,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty -third  Ward,)  Philadelphia.  • 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D.j 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be. 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 


total  number  who  died  during  the  voyage  was  six.  The 
totol  number  of  cases  was  16,  including  15  soldiers  and 
one  woman. 

The  preliminaries  of  the  Egyptian  Conference  have 
been  settled.  The  Conference  will  meet  in  London  the 
first  week  in  6th  month,  and  is  expected  to  last  three 
weeks.  Egypt  has  not  been  invited  to  take  part  in  the 
conlerence.  There  is  an  impression  that  France  and 
England  have  under  discussion  questions  looking  to  the 
disbandment  of  the  Egyptian  army. 

Evidence  taken  by  the  Egyptian  Transport  Com- 
mittee shows  that  the  Hour  of  the  Commissariat  was 
adulterated  with  plaster  of  Paris,  the  hay  rotten,  and 
two-thirds  of  the  mules  useless. 

Two  thousand  refugees  have  reached  Assouan  from  Married,  at  Friends'  Meeting-house,  Moorestown, 
Korosko,  and  more  are  coming  in  daily.  Evacuation  N-.J>  on  "Jtn  month  1st,  William  II.  Roberts,  son  of 
is  proceeding  quietly  at  that  place  Colonel  Duncan  I':llsl,;1  al1'1  Llizabeth  W.  Roberts,  of  Moorestown,  and 
having  charge  of  the  troops.  Refugees  who  left  Khar-  |';LIZAI!^'»  <■-'■  Stokes,  daughter  of  I.  Collins  and  Mary 
toum  before  it  was  invested  by  El  Mahdi,  are  expected  K-  btokes>  of  Railway,  N.  J. 
within  a  few  days.  Advices  from  Berber  state  that 
Hussein  Pasha  has  proclaimed  the  evacuation  of  the  I  Died,  1st  mo.  29th,  1884,  at  the  residence  of  her 
town.  The  inhabitants  have  tied,  and  the  troops  have  daughter,  Beulah  L.  Larkin,  in  Upper  Chichester, 
marched  out  to  join  the  rebels.  j  Delaware  Co.,  Penna.,  Rebecca  Larkin,  widow  of  the 

A  sanitary  cordon  has  been  established  around  Bedra,  late  Joseph  Larkin,  in  the  87th  year  of  her  age,  a 
in  the  province  of  Bagdad,  where  the  plague  is  raging,    member  of  Concord  Monthlv  Meeting  of  Friends. 

It  is  now  believed  that  the  serious  railroad  disaster!      ,  at  her  residence  in  West  Chester,  3d  mo.  16th, 

near  Ciudad-Keal,  caused  by  the  giving  way  of  a  bridge,  Rachel  E.  Woodward,  wife  of  the  late  William  P. 
was  purely  accidental  and  in  no  wise  due  to  Repubti-i  Woodward,  in  the  73rd  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of 
cans.  An  official  statement  concerning  the  disaster, '  West  Chester  Particular  and  Birmingham  Monthly 
gives  the  total  number  of  killed  as  fifty-nine,  of  whom  Meeting  of  Friends.  "  Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in 
afty-eight  were  soldiers.  Fifty-six  persons  were  injured,  the  Lord." 

The  friendly  relations  between  France  and  Morocco'      ,  4th  mo.  1st,  at  her  residence  near  Haddonfield 

have  been  ruptured.  The  cause  of  the  trouble  was  the  N.  J.,  Sarah  Bell,  widow  of  the  late  Hughes  Bell,  a 
relusal  by  the  authorities  of  Morocco  to  dismiss  the  beloved  member  of  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting,  in 
Governor  ol  Wazan  at  the  demand  of  the  French   rep-  '■  the  83rd  year  of  her  age. 

rcsentative;   the   French   legation   thereupon   hauled       ,  4th  mo.  3rd,  John  Kaighn,  a  member  of  Had- 

dojvn  its  Hag.  donfield  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  in  the  43rd  year 

It  is  now  affirmed  that,  if  China  refuses  to  comply  of  his  age. 

with  the  demands  of  M.  Patendore,  France  will  occupy  j      ,   Fourth   mo.  24th,   1884,  at  her  residence  in 

certain  territory  as  a  guarantee  therefor,  and  should  j  West  Chester,  Penna.,  Lydia  E.,  wife  of  William 
China  afterwards  persist  in  holding  out  against  these '  Scattergood,  in  the  42nd  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of 
demands,  America  or  Russia  will  be  asked  to  arbitrate  Birmingham    Monthly  aiid    West   Chester   Particular 

the  matter.  I  Meeting. 

Professor  Virchow,  the  eminent  scientist,  has  pub-!     ,  at  Media,  Penna.,  on  the  24th  of  4th  mo.  1S84, 

bed  a  letter  in  which  he  says  that  the  trichinosis  in  Nathan  Smkdley,  in  the  53rd  year  of  his  age,  a 
Germany,  caused  by  eating  imported  American  meat,  I  member  of  Chester  Monthlv  Meeting  of  Friends,  Pa. 
is  confined  to  a  lew  isolated  cases  at  Bremen.     Besides  Through  Divine  assistance,  be  was  enabled  to  bear  with 


this,  he  points  out  t 

le  dangers  connected  with  therear- 

ng  ol  pigs  in  genei 

il,  and   urges  the  compulsory  ex- 

uninalion  of  Germs 

n  and  imported  American  pork. 

Subscriptions   am 

ounting   to    more    than   seventeen 

tunes  the  desired  an 
to  the  Russian  gove 

otiut  have  been  offered  in  response 
nment's  call  for  a  loan  of  £15,000,- 

patience,  the  trials  and  Bufferings  incident  to  many 
years  of  failing  health.  "  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heari, 
for  they  shall  see  God." 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 

No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SKYKXTH-DAY,  FIFTH  MONTH  17, 


NO.    41. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,    if  paid   in    advance,   $2.00  per  annum, 
bscriptions,  payments  and   business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

LT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


at  Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  313.) 

"1809,  5th  month  26th.  Serene  state  of 
overty.  It  is  good  to  feel  a  sense  of  it;  a 
;nse  of  want  is  a  sure  symptom  of  life. 

"  29th.  Alas  for  the  dram-shops, — nurseries 
fall  sorts  of  vice  and  debauchery,  nuisances 
)  civil  society,  a  growing  evil  in  the  commu- 
ity, — men  are  lost  to  their  best  interests  that 
ractise  them. 

"31st.  A  day  of  public  rioting,  revelling 
nd  dissipation.  Alas!  also  for  such  days  of 
ublic  festivity  and  uncivil  rejoicing.  What 
n  open  reproach  to  Christianity,  for  its  pro- 
»sors  to  prostitute  their  characters  in  the 
ice  of  day,  by  devoting  their  time  and  talents 
)  lewdness  and  debauchery  ! 

"  6th  month  1st.  Bowed,  and  opened  in 
empathy  with  the  poor  in  spirit. 

"  10th.  Came  on  the  first  sitting  of  the 
leeting  for  ministers  and  elders.  No  account 
•om  one  meeting  in  our  Quarter,  occasioned 
y  the  uneasy  party.  It  was  cause  of  much 
xereise  in  the  meeting,  and  a  committee  ap- 
ointed  on  the  case,  to  report  occasionally, 
afternoon  at  another  sitting  of  the  Meeting 
)r  Sufferings. 

"  11th.  At  the  morning  meeting  at  Ports- 
louth  ;  afternoon  at  Newport.  They  were 
difying. 

"  12th  to  15th.  The  time  was  almost  in- 
essantly  employed  in  the  business  of  the 
rearly  Meeting.  It  was  a  season  of  very  con- 
iderable  exercise  on  subjects  of  importance  ; 
nd  many  minds,  I  trust,  were  encouraged  to 
erscvere  in  the  paths  of  religious  rectitude, 
8  the  only  way  to  peace. 

"16th.  Bode  to  Tiverton,  on  the  way  home. 
Vere  at  meeting  there,  and  a  precious  season 
L  was  to  me. 

"  17th.  Eode  home  in  company  with  divers 
i'riends. 

"18th.  A  day  of  trial.  A  sudden  transition 
rom  a  state  of  elevated  enjoyment,  to  deep 
.basement  of  soul.  The  Lord  knows  how  to 
uccor  them  who  are  tempted. 

"7th  month  10th.  Intense  heat;  seldom 
lerhaps  exceded. 

"  12th.  Very  cold  storm  for  the  season  of 
he  year, — can  scarcely  keep  warm.  Very 
udden  change  outwardly,  from  heat  to  cold, 
mbleraatical  of  the  sudden  transitions  we 
,re  liable  to  within,  from  an  elevation  and 


fervor  of  mind,  to  depression  and  abasement. 
The  Lord  purifies  by  means  best  adapted  to 
the  purpose. 

"  19th.  A  season  of  close  exercise  in  our 
mid-week  meeting.  At  night  had  the  accept- 
able company  of  Esther  Griffin,  Hannah  Field 
and  Gideon  Seaman,  at  our  home. 

"  20th.  Went  to  Salem  with  those  Friends, 
and  attended  their  meeting.  It  was  a  season 
of  favor,  in  which  we  were  mutual  partakers. 
Afternoon  a  proposition  was  made  for  a  meet- 
ing in  Boston.  Under  existing  circumstances 
it  appeared  very  trying  to  some  of  our  minds. 

"21st.  Those  Friends  were  at  an  appointed 
meeting  at  our  meeting-house.  The  favor 
was  again  renewed.  Afternoon.  It  was  con- 
eluded  to  appoint  a  meeting  for  them  in 
Boston. 

"  23rd.  In  our  forenoon  meeting  the  gospel 
flowed  freely  through  those  qualified  servants, 
to  a  large  and  mixed  gathering  of  people,  to 
the  edification  of  many,  and  to  the  sweet  con- 
solation of  some  of  our  minds.  Afternoon, 
accompanied  by  many  friends  from  Lynn  and 
Salem,  they  went  to  Boston  to  attend  the 
meeting  appointed  there.  It  was  a  crowded 
meeting,  and  terminated  to  the  joy  of  many 
minds.     Magnified  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

"27th.  Heavy  tempest — sharp  lightning 
and  heavy  thunder.  Thanks  to  Infinite  Good- 
ness, though  for  a  moment  He  may  seem  to 
'quit  his  grasp  upon  the  wind,  and  give  it  all 
its  fury,'  and  involve  the  atmosphere  in  tem- 
pest and  in  thick  darkness;  He  bath  it  in  his 
power  to  say  to  the  raging  elements,  '  Peace, 
be  still,'  and  bo  obeyed.  Though  awful  the 
tempests  roar  without,  and  seemingly  threaten 
to  involve  our  overthrow;  yet  all  was  peace 
within — 'a  soul's  calm  sunshine  and  a  heart- 
felt joy." 

"30th.  At  our  First-day  meeting,  a  person 
was  present  from  Boston.  He  calls  himself  a 
Christian  friend.  He  spoke  some  time,  and 
appears  under  an  exercise,  but  his  communi- 
cations are  better  adapted  to  his  own  society 
than  to  ours.  A  sense  of  the  expediency  of 
true  silent  waiting  upon  God,  is  too  much 
wanting,  and  he  runs  into  activity.  He  holds 
war  incompatible  with  the  spirit  of  the  Gos- 
pel, and  declines  bearing  arms. 

"8th  month  7th.  A  long  season  of  fasting, 
humiliation  and  prayer,;  and  of  inward  con- 
fession to  the  Divine  prerogative. 

"  20th.  In  company  with  divers  other 
Friends  went  to  Boston,  and  attended  a  meet- 
ing there  with  Mary  Witchell,  from  Ohio.  It 
was  a  season  of  peculiar  favor,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved many  minds  were  sensible  of  it ;  and 
dear  Mary  Witchell  felt  much  relieved  by  it. 
Took  tea,  and  rode  to  our  house  in  the  even- 
ing. 

"  21st  to  26th.  Went,  in  company  with  the 
aforesaid  Friends  to  Berwick,  and  attended 
our  Quarterly  Meeting.  As  respected  the 
ministry,  it  was  a  time  of  enlargement  in  Di- 
vine favor.  But  lamentable  occurrences,  show- 
ing some  things  to  be  in  a  deplorable  state, 


over  which  my  soul  mourned.  My  wife  went 
with  those  Friends  as  far  as  Vassalborough. 
My  solitary  hours  are  sanctified  to  me.  My 
peace  flows  like  a  river. 

''27th.  First  day  of  the  week.  A  baptizing 
season,  but  Truth  in  sweet  dominion. 

"28th.  Attended  the  funeral  of  Abigail 
Breed,  taken  away,  by  a  short  illness,  in  the 
bloom  of  life.  Mortality  proclaims  aloud  in 
the  ears  of  the  young  people,  bo  ye  read}'  also. 

"29th.  At  the  funeral  of  a  young  man, 
member  of  our  Society.  Truth  had  the  as- 
cendency to  my  very  great  joy.  Blessed  be 
the  name  of  the  Lord. 

"9th  month  3rd.  In  our  First-day  meeting 
rejoiced  in  the  midst  of  suffering.  As  through 
death,  our  blessed  Lord  conquered  him  who 
had  the  power  of  death,  so  He  delivcreth 
them  who  through  fear  of  death,  are  subject 
to  bondage.  By  faithfulness  unto  death,  the 
soul  is  raised  into  newness  of  life  ;  the  bonds 
are  broken,  and  the  everlasting  Truth  has  the 
dominion  over  death,  hell  and  the  grave. 
Forever  magnified  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

"  14th.  Deeply  trying  season  at  our  Month- 
ly Meeting.  Nothing  better  is  to  be  expected 
when  man's  wisdom  predominates.  But  it  is 
hoped  it  was  not  time  lost. 

"  17th.  Striving  for  contentment  in  my 
allotment,  as  well  in  suffering  as  in  rejoicing; 
that  when  storms  assail,  when  tempests  beat, 
when  no  outward  succor  is  near,  God  may  bo 
my  refuge,  my  shield,  my  defence." 

(To  be   continued.) 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Ron- Accord ancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian,  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  315.) 

We  therefore  reach  the  point  that,  back  of 
the  bad  reading  which  stimulates  to  theatre- 
going  and  overt  crime,  there  is  an  absence  of 
that  parental  restraint  and  tender  concern 
which  ought  to  prevail,  so  that  it  is  in  a  great 
measure  owing  to  this  lack  of  care  that  these 
hurtful  habits'are  permitted  to  be  formed  and 
to  get  the  master}'.  Nevertheless,  when  the 
attempt  is  made  to  discover  all  the  causes  of 
crime  commission,  especially  in  a  great  city, 
we  need  to  consider  the  temptations  of  the 
drinking-saloon  ;  the  pool,  billiard  and  gam- 
bling rooms;  the  working  in  factories,  with 
(in  very  many  cases)  the"demoralizing  asso- 
ciations connected  therewith  ;  the  contamina- 
ting influences  of  close  crowding  in  tenement 
houses, — all  these,  and  others  unnamed,  in 
connection  with  the  pernicious  reading  and 
the  low  theatres  and  music-halls  already  re- 
marked upon.  When  we  weigh  all  these  in- 
fluences thus  working  toward  the  reinforce- 
ment of  the  kingdom  of  Satan,  wo  are  pre- 
pared to  admit  that  a  great  deal  of  effort  may 
be  expended,  only  to  be  largely  counteracted 
by  the  overpowering  evil. 

Thus,  Judge  Bulstrode,  of  Middlesex  county, 
England,  (in  which  county  is  the  city  of  Lon- 


THE    FRIEND. 


don)  expressed  the  opinion  in  a  jury  charge 
that  one  plaj'-house  ruins  more  souls  in  a 
single  year  that  titty  churches  save.  And.  in 
the  Report  of  the  Howard  Association  of 
London,  for  1880,  it  was  stated,  on  the  au- 
thority of  the  chaplain  of  Clerkenwell  prison, 
that  '•  out  of  fifty*  boys  sent  to  the  prison,  from 
the  ages  of  9£  to  16  years,  forty-eight  had 
been  Sunday  School  scholars;  that  forty-two 
of  these  had  attended  regularly,  and  twenty- 
nine  had  received  prizes.  jNfow,  either  the 
instruction  had  been  very  defective,  or  it  must 
have  been  nullified  by  evil  influences." 

Further,   the   methods  of  attempted   cure 


work — as  carpentry,  cabinet  work,  metal- 
lurgy, carving,  drawing,  sewing,  tailoring, 
cooking,  collections  of  natural  history  ob- 
ject*. &c, — there  is  secured,  for  months  before 
the  exhibitions,  a  widely  diffused  and  deeply- 
interested  activity  in  many  a  home,  which  not 
only  keeps  the  workers  out  of  mischief,  but 
draws  forth  their  skill  and  ability,  affords 
them  a  prolonged  pleasure  in  the  midst  of 
their  families,  and  ultimately  meets  with  the 
sympathizing  appreciation  of  many  of  their 
friends  and  neighbors." 

I  believe  that  all  the  churches  commonly 
called  evangelical,  have  declared  their  oppo- 

may  be  very  unwisely  and  mischievously  em-  sition  to,  or  have  cautioned  against,  attend- 

ployed.      For   example,    a    wealthy   tobacco  anee  at  the  theatre;  but  it  is  lamentable  to 

manufacturer  in  one  of  our  cities,  has  recently!  know  that,  in  many  instances,  the  proceeds  of 

established  a  large  free  library  and  reading- j  theatrical  entertainments  have  not  been  re- 
room  for  his  employes,  with    the  object,  as  fused  by  the  religious  bodies  to  whom  they 

stated,  of  furnishing  tbem    "a  place  where  have  been  tendered.     Here  is  another  serious 

they  can  pleasantly  and  profitably  spend  theirt  stumbling-block.     It    was    Chrysostom    who 

Sundays  and  evenings  without   cost."     But '  said,  "  The  Church  receives  no  offerings  from 

as  we  learn  that,  "in  addition,  there  are  play-!  the  injurious."     In  our  own  day  there  ought 

ing  cards,  chess,  dominoes,  and  other  games,"  i  to  be  no  exception  to  the  rule  of  refusal  such 

the  good  resultant  from  the  enterprise  will  be|as  was  held  by  George  Miiller,  founder  of  the 

likely  to  be  counterbalanced  by  that  which!  British  orphan-houses,  who,   being  proffered 

does  not  tend  to  profit.     A  late  writer  in  a  the  proceeds  of  a  theatre  benefit,  promptly 

London  magazine,  discoursing  upon  the  pro- [  returned  the  same  as  unlawful  to  be  used  in 

lific  theme  of  the  poor  of  the  world's  metropo-  a  religious  cause,  though  at  the  time  in  great 

lis,  recommends  that  the  factory  girls,  &c,  be  straits  for  money.     The  "Sunday  Breakfast 

afforded  opportunities  for  indulging  in  danc-  Association"  of  this  city  has  more  than  once 

ing,  gratuitous  music  being  likewise  furnished,  been  tendered  a  theatrical  entertainment  for 

The  well-to-do,    argues   this   reasoner,  have  its  benefit,  bat  its  president  has  said  that  he 

their  high-priced    theatres  and  fancy  balls  ;  will  in  the  future,  as  in  the  past,  steadily  re- 

the  poor  should  not  be  deprived  of  their  free  fuse  to  be  helped  by  any  such  methods. 

music  and  dancing.     Such   alleviations  mayj      Respecting  legislation  by  the  States  or  the 

suit  those,  whether  the  rich  or  the  poverty-  general   Government    upon  this  matter,  the 

stricken,  whose    ken    does    not  consider  the  United  States  Congress,  in  1778,  adopted  a  the  number  of  forty-four,  upon  which  decrease 

never-ending  life  beyond  the  grave  for  which  resolution  that  stringent  measures  be  taken  the  king  gave  the  players  their  liberty,  and 

present  preparation  needs  to  be  made  ;  yet  to  suppress  theatrical  entertainments,  horse- 1  they  began  the  24th  Feb.  1636.     The  plague 

the  one  message  of  George  Fox,  John  Wesley,  racing  and    gaming  as   being  productive  of,  increasing,  the  players  lay  still  until  the  2nd 

and  Rowland  Hill  to  all  alike,  in  London  or  idleness,  dissipation,  and    general   depravity  of  October,  when  they  had  leave  to  play 

otherwheres,  was — that  the  Gospel  was  com-  of  morals.     It  is  not  probable  that  any  such 

manded  to  be  preached,  and  that,  accepting  resolution  would  bo  favorably  reported  now. 

its  free  proffers  of  forgiveness  and  mercy,  all  Interesting,  in  this  connection,  is  the  follow- 

might   know    "  the    unsearchable    riches    of  ing  from  the  diary  of  Mary  Capper,  when  in 

Christ,"  and  be  partakers  of  the  "joy  that  is  attendance  at  the  Yearly  Meeting,  London, 

past  finding  out."     With  the  love  of  God  in  in    1794:    "The    men's   meeting   sent  us  for 

the  heart,  and  a  tempered  and  purified  pur-  perusal,    a  very    interesting   communication  |  diary  under  date  Eleventh  month  20th 


Again,  at  the  time  of  the  Civil  War  in  Engl 
land,  the  drama  had  a  hard  struggle  for  ej| 
istence.  An  act  of  Parliament  (1G42),  in  viev 
of  the  disturbances  in  both  England  an! 
Ireland,  provided,  among  other  things,  as.] 
"possible  means  to  appease  and  avert  tb 
wrath  of  God  appearing  in  these  judgments, 
that  "  whereas  public  sports  do  not  well  agre 
with  public  calamities,  nor  public  stage-play 
with  the  seasons  of  humiliation,  this  being  ai 
exercise  of  sad  and  pious  solemnity,  and  th 
other  being  spectacles  of  pleasure  too  com] 
monly  expressing  lascivious  mirth  and  levity  i 
it  is  therefore  thought  fit  and  ordered  by  th>' 
Lords  and  Commons  in  this  Parliament  aa| 
sembled,  that  while  these  sad  causes  and  se1 
times  of  humiliation  do  continue,  public  stage 
plays  cease  and  be  forborne." 

This  suppressive  law  not  sufficing,  in  164' 
a  more  stringent  act  was  passed,  by  which  i 
was  enacted  that  all  stage-players,  and  playen 
of  interludes  and  common  plays  are,  and  shal 
be,  taken  for  rogues,  whether  they  be  wan 
derers  or  no,  and  notwithstanding  any  licenq 
whatsoever  from  the  king,  or  any  other  per 
son  or  persons,  to  that  purpose."  This  pro 
strictivc  measure  seemed  to  operate  with  fail 
success  for  awhile,  but,  when  Charles  tht 
Second  came  in  a  few  years  later,  the  drams 
was  full}7  restored  and  legalized. 

It  is  to  be  remarked  that,  whenever  the 
plague  made  its  appearance  in  London,  the 
drama  was  under  a  cloud ;  upon  the  decrease 
of  the  pestilence,  it  re-appeared.  In  Sir  Henry 
Herbert's  Office-book  occurs  the  following 
memorandum:  "On  Thursday  morning  the 
23d  of  February,  the  bill  of  the  plague  made 


Although  the  closing  of  the  theatres  was 
rigidly   enjoined    during   the   Great   Plague 
(1666),    those   resorts   were   re-opened    with 
alacrity  as  soon  as  it  appeared  that  the  i 
mediate  manifestation  of  the  Divine  judgment 

•  was  passing  away.     Thus,  Pepys  says  in  his 

I ,-i  ;.-,„„  .,  „  j„„  ,i.,+„  im- 


pose content  to  do  the  Master's  bidding  with-  from  Friends  in  America;  some  of  whom,  in 
in  the  narrow  way,  the  sad  problem  of  city  j  considering  the  late  awful  visitation  of  some 
life  among  the  lowly  might  be  solved,  and  the  parts  of  that  continent,  were  so  deeply  con 
promise  of  Scripture  be  fulfilled  that  "one1  corned  for  the  general  good  that  they  had 
[shall]  chase  a  thousand,  and  two  put  ten  believed  it  required  from  them  to  represent 
thousand  to  flight."  j  to  the  rulers  and  persons  in  power,  the  neces 

In  an  article  upon  "Centres  of  Spiritual | sity  for  their  exerting  their  authority  to  en 
Activity,"  published  the  past  winter  by  the  deavor  to  suppress  all  public  amusements, 
Pall  Mall  Gazette,  there  occurs  an  interesting  'gaming,  stage  entertainments  and  dram-shops, 
account  of  carefully-planned  work  which  is!  as  being  sources  of  much  immorality  and 
carried  on  (by  the  Friends)  in  connection  with  faneness,  widely  estranging  the  mind  from 
the  Bedford  Institute,  London.  The  follow-  " 
ing  extract  may  throw  some  light  upon  the 
problem  how  best  to  combat  the  attractions 
of  the  play-house. 

"  For  wet  weather  and  winter  months,  the 
libraries,  lectures,  discussion  classes,  and  simi- 
lar occupations  are  rendered  available.  Oc- 
casionally, industrial  exhibitions  are  held; 
and  these  are  found  to  be  among  the  very 
best  means  of  promoting  recreation  and  amuse- 
ment in  connection  with  home  and  family  life. 
The  Friends  do  not  encourage  theatres  or 
dancing  parties,  as  tending,  in  their  view, 
rather  to  foster  pleasure-loving  habits  un- 
favorable to  domestic  comfort  and  content- 
ment; but  by  offering  prizes  to  be  competed 
for,  by  men  and  women,  children  and  adults, 
and  including  a  large  variety  of  handicraft 


'IV 


God  and  godliness 

As  bearing  on  the  phase  of  the  subject  just 
touched  upon,  it  ma}*  be  well  to  refer  here  to 
some  matters  relative  to  the  drama  in  Great 
Britain  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth  and  in  the 
century  succeeding.  During  Elizabeth's  reign, 
in  1580,  there  was  a  partial  suppression  of 
the  theatres.  It  is  related  that  certain  "godly 
citizens  and  well-disposed  gentlemen  of  Lon- 
don," brought  such  a  pressure  to  bear  upon 
the  city  magistrates,  that  the  latter  petitioned 
the  Queen  to  expel  all  players  from  London, 
and  permit  them  to  destro}*  every  theatre 
within  their  jurisdiction.  Their  prayer  was 
granted,  so  far  as  the  several  play-houses 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  city  proper  were 
concerned,  they  being  "quite  put  down  and 
suppressed  by  these  religious  senators." 


church,  it  being  Thanksgiving-day  for  the 
cessation  of  the  plague;  but  the  town  do  say, 
that  it  [the  day]  is  hastened  before  the  plague 
is  quite  over,  there  being  some  people  still  ill 
of  it,  but  only  to  get  ground  of  plays  to  be 
publicly  acted,  which  the  bishops  would  not 
suffer  till  the  plague  was  over."*  As  did  Is- 
rael, so  did  they:  "In  the  time  of  their  trouble, 
when  they  cried  unto  thee,  thou  beardest 
them  from  heaven,  *  *  but  after  the}'  had 
rest,  they  did  evil  again  before  thee."  (Neh. 
ix.  27,  28.) 

(To  be  continued.) 


For  "The  Friend." 

Visit  of  William  Kennard  to  New  York  and 
New  England  in  1841. 

[The  following  reminiscence  of  our  late  be- 
loved friend,  William  Kennard,  who  resided 
in  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  has  beeu  furnished 
for  publication  from  notes  kept  by  the  friend 
who  accompanied  him  as  a  travelling  com- 
panion. William  Kennard  was  born  in  17S7, 
and  died  in  1862.] 

In  the  spring  of  1841,  William  Kennard 
obtained  a  minute  from  bis  Monthly  and 
Quarterly  Meetings  to  visit,  in  the  love  of  the 

*  Chambers'  Book  of  Days,  vol.  2,  page  720 


THE    FRIEND. 


323 


gospel,  most  of  the  meetings  then  comprising 
>Tew  York  Yearly  Meeting  ,  and  to  attend 
rome  meetings  going  or  returning,  as  Truth 
night  open  the  way.  We  traveled  by  public 
Conveyance,  depending  on  our  friends  for  as- 
istance  from  place  to  place,  when  near,  and 
rom  meeting  to  meeting. 

5th  mo.  3d.  1841.  Leaving  Mount  Pleasant 
y  stage,  canal  and  steamboat,  arrived  at 
Idrian,  Mich.  Here  William  had  several 
ery  satisfactory  meetings,  and  some  trying 
easons.  At  one  meeting,  while  speaking,  he 
pas  suddenly  brought  to  a  close.     He  stood 

little  time  in  silence,  then  said,  "For  some 
ause.  the  matter  before  me  has  been  taken 
way,"  and  sat  down.  For  a  length  of  time 
e  appeared  to  be  in  deep  exercise,  then  again 
ose  and  said,  "  I  can  go  no  farther,  and  only 
s  my  Divine  Master  opens  the  way  and  leads 
le.  The  subject  has  again  been  presented." 
le  commenced  where  he  closed,  and  pro- 
eeded  in  his  usual  manner. 

We  went  north  to  Detroit,  thence  by  boat 
o  N.  Y.  State,  attending  some  meetings  near 
he  lake.  At  Evans,  N.  Y..  a  marriage  was  ac- 
omplished.  William  had  been  silent.  After 
ts  accomplishment,  the  audience  became  rest- 
sss  and  uneasy.  He  was  about  to  break  the 
neeting,  when  bis  companion  arose  and  said, 

He  believed  that  if  the  meeting  would  re- 
plain  awhile  longer  together,  we  would  all 
>art  feeling  better  satisfied.  A  solid  solemnity 
iverspread  the  assembl}-;  William  bore  a 
hort  testimony,  and  then  appeared  weightily 
n  supplication.  It  was  a  season  of  favor  in 
vhich  the  multitude  was  fed. 

At  Buffalo,  be  was  desirous  to  see  a  woman 
friend,  whose  husband  followed  the  canal  as 

captain;  and  a  man  whose  wife  was  very 
nuch  opposed  to  his  attending  Friends'  meet- 
ngs.  Providentially,  it  would  seem,  we  were 
>rought  together.  A  message  of  encourage- 
nent  and  comfort  was  delivered.  Yery  earn- 
8t  supplication   was  offered.     The  windows 


of  his  feelings,  and  expressed  the  discourage- 
ment he  felt  about  accompanying  him  through 
the  whole  of  his  journey.  William  dropped 
his  head,  as  if  in  sympathetic  thoughtfulness. 
After  a  little  time,  looking  up  with  a  smile,  he 
said  pleasantly,  "Ah!  Isee  how  it  is  now, 
thou  wast  strayed  aw-ay  from  the  sheep  last 
night,  and  so  thou  did  not  hear  the  voice  of 
the  Shepherd  to-day:  I  think  thou  wilt  feel 
differently  at  our  next  meeting."  William 
had  not  mistaken.  It  was  a  lesson  which  has 
not  been  forgotten. 

Crossing  Lake  Ontario,  we  went  to  Yonge 
Street,  then  Upper  Canada.  In  this  country 
we  found  many  kind,  affectionate,  solid  and 
valuable  Friends,  and  had  a  number  of  open, 
satisfactory  meetfngs.  Yisited  Thomas  Lin- 
ville,  a  valuable  aged  and  infirm  Friend.  Wil- 
liam had  been  quite  indisposed  for  a  number 
of  days,  but  had  a  meeting  appointed  at  Ux- 
bridge.  Seldom  did  he  allow  an  appointment 
to  be  sent  on  before  him  ;  but  would  say.  "  We 
will  first  go  into  the  neighborhood,  then  we 
will  see  what  the  Master  has  for  us  to  do." 
He  was  unable  to  attend  the  meeting.  The 
emotions  and  trial  of  his  companion  may  be 
better  felt  than  described  by  those  who  have 
had  similar  provings.  It  was  twenty  miles 
to  a  physician,  ten  of  it  through  a  continuous 
wood;  and  William  was  not  willing  to  have 
one  called.  He  was  carefully  nursed,  and  in 
nine  days  was  able,  though  in  a  weak  condi- 
tion, to  go  on  to  Pickering.  His  disease  was 
what  would  now  be  termed  malarial  fever, 
accompanied  with  chills.     On  account  of  his 


thing  before  witnessed — all  were  bathed  in 
teare.  The  prison  at  Auburn  was  visited.  It 
occasioned  sorrowful  reflections  that  so  many 
of  our  fellow-beings,  for  whom  Christ  died, 
had  to  be  confined  in  the  cheerless  walls  of  a 
prison.  After  our  meeting  at  Skaneateles  we 
visited  a  widow  in  affliction.  Her  daughter 
was  soon  to  be  married  out  of  our  order  to  a 
young  man  who  was  a  member  of  another 
Monthly  Meeting.  Soon  after  leaving  her 
house,  his  companion's  mind  was  suddenly 
and  strongly  impressed  with  a  belief  that  he 
must  write  to  the  young  woman.  'William, 
observing  his  distress,  enquired  the  cause. 
On  being  informed,  he  encouraged  him  to 
write  ;  and  said.  "  I,  too,  will  have  to  write  a 

letter   to   ,   [whom  we  had  visited.]     He 

is  correct  in  his  views  and  principles,  but  he 
has  a  zeal  that  is  not  according  to  knowledge, 
and  indulges  in  a  censorious  and  judging 
spirit."  The  letters  were  written,  mutually 
read  and  sent  to  their  destinations.  The 
young  woman,  as  requested,  showed  her's  to 
her  mother,  and  sent  it  to  her  intended  hus- 
band. They  were  married  in  our  Society. 
Some  time  afterwards,  they  sent  their  united 
love  with  expressions  of  thankfulness  to  the 
writer. 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Indians'  Extremity. 

By  Gen.  C.  H.  Howard,  United  States  Indian 

Inspector. 

Xever  can    the  patient  suffering  of  these 

people  be  fully  realized  without  seeing  them 

health^  he  felt  released  from  attending  the  re-  waiting  in  their  empty  teepes  and  cabins,  or 


ning  meetings  in  the  eastern   part  of  th 
Upper  Province. 

Concluding  to  go  to  Toronto,  William  and 
Margaret  Wright  accompanied  us.  She  said 
she  would  like  to  have  more  of  our  company, 
and  attend  William's  proposed  meeting  with 
the  colored  people  there.  As  he  was  too  un- 
to appoint  one,  they  concluded   to   re- 


)eing  open  and  William  raising  his  strong,  turn  that  night;  none  of  us  anticipating  at 
;lear  voice,  a  number  of  persons  were  seeniparting  that  one  of  our  number  would  so  soon 
istening,  as  if  in  astonishment,  in  the  win-jbe  numbered  with  departed  spirits. 
lows  of  adjoining  houses.  We  parted  with  Recrossing  the  lake  to  Rochester,  we  at- 
,hem  in  thoughtfulness,  tenderness  and  tears.  J  tended  Monthly  Meeting,  then  went  on  to 
Crossing  over  into  Canada  in  a  boat,  below  iSeipio  to  attend  the  Quarterly  Meeting  held 
Niagara  Falls,  to  visit  Pelbam  Meeting,  gave i on  Fourth-day.  It  was  not  large,  but  a  favored 
lim  an  opportunity  to  see  this  wonder  of  na-  season.  Many  young  Friends,  plainly  attired, 
ure,  which,  otherwise,  he  would  not  have  were  in  attendance,  which  it  was  a  comfort  to 
bit  at  liberty  to  do.  We  had  travelled  that  us  to  witness.  The  meeting  for  business  was 
lay  over  forty  miles;  seen  something  of  the  disturbed  by  a  forward,  wordy  speaker.  It 
wonders  of  nature,  felt  the  power  and  pre-  was  settled  again  by  a  short  prayer  from  a 
iousness  of  redeeming  grace,  and  went  on  young  Friend,  recently  commencing  his  min- 
)ur  way  rejoicing,  eating  our  meat  with  glad-  istry.  Such  forward  spirits  are  trying.  "  This 
aess  and  we  trust  singleness  of  heart.  ikindgoetb  not  out  but  by  fasting  and  prayer." 

Returning  past  the  falls,  we  visited  meet- 'The  meeting  for  worship  on  Fifth-day,  was 
5s  in  the  vicinity  of  Lockport;  at  most  of  truly  a  watering  season.  The  stone  was  in- 
which  William  had  satisfactory  service.  In  I  deed  rolled  from  the  well's  mouth.  The  corn- 
Hamburg,  at  the  house  of  an  aged  woman  mand  unto  Moses  out  of  the  bush  that  burned 
Friend,  as  we  were  about  starting,  William!  with  fire,  was  heard  in  our  midst,  "  Put  off 
thought  we  should  first  have  an  opportunity !  thy  shoes  from  off  thy  feet,  for  the  place  where 
the  family,  which  was  done.  His  com-jon'thou  standest  is  holy  ground."  Hannah 
panion  became  anxious  fearing  we  would  miss  Wanzer,  a  weighty,  deep-spirited  minister, 
aur  public  conveyance  ;  he  said,  "  Perhaps  we:  closed  with  fervent  thanksgiving  and  sup- 
may;  but  it  is  best  not  to  leave  anything  be-i  plication.  In  N.  Street  Meeting,  William 
bind  us  unfinished.  There  is  always  time  quoted,  "Zaccheus  come  down,  this  day  I 
snough  for  us  to  do  our  duty."  We  were  not  must  abide  at  thy  house."  He  was  engaged 
left.  Subsequently  we  attended  meetings  at  to  bring  all  down  from  the  trees  of  outward 
Farmington  and  its  vicinity.  Here  his  com-' knowledge  and  the  lofty  heights  of  specula- 
panion  went  to  lodge  with  an  acquaintance,' tion,  to  the  true  and  pure  witness  within.  In 
who  was  very  full  of  conversation  on  a  variety  the  afterneon,  at  the  house  of  a  Friend,  a  few 
of  subjects.  On  the  following  day  he  could  Friends  and  a  number  of  young  people  bein 
not,  as  usual,  travel  along  with  William  in  present,  William  and  Hannah  had  a  tendei 
his  exercises.     After  meeting  he  told  William  melting,  parting  opportunity,  far  beyond  any 


eagerness  watching  the  weekly  slaughter 
of  beeves,  and  hearing  their  piteous  appeals 
n  the  councils. 

There  was,  last  season  a  drought,  exceeding 
anything  known  for  years.  The  corn  crop 
was  a  failure;  the  oats,  the  vegetables  gener- 
ally, the  potatoes  in  some  instances,  half  a 
op,  in  others  an  entire  failure.  This  leads 
directly  to  the  purpose  on  the  part  of  the 
Government,  if  Congress  will  provide  the 
means,  to  assist  the  Indians  to  irrigate.  With 
irrigation  the  crops  would  be  regular  and  ade- 
quate to  their  wants.  The  Assinaboines  de- 
ared,  in  council,  that  the}-  would  do  the 
ork,  would  haul  the  logs  for  a  dam,  dig  the 
ditches  and  do  whatever  they  could,  provided 
hey  should  have  food  to  sustain  them  while 
at  work,  and  be  directed  and  instructed  in  the 
skilled  labor. 

But,  second,  and  most  important,  the  buffalo 
are  entirely  wanting  this  winter.  In  vain  the 
hunting  parties  went  out  in  every  direction, 
even  off  the  reservation,  under  charge  of  skil- 
ful white  hunters,  in  hopes  to  find  some  traces 
of  the  course  the  great  herds  had  taken.  The 
country  to  the  north,  to  the  British  line,  was 
scoured.  One  after  another  these  reconnoi- 
tering  parties  came  in,  disappointed,  hungry, 
dejected.  There  seemed  to  be  a  mystery  in 
this  so  sudden  and  and  utterly  unexpected 
event.  Thousands  of  buffaloes  had  been  killed 
last  winter.  They  had  blackened  the  hills  for 
miles,  in  the  course  1  had  taken  in  passing 
with  my  escort  of  Assinnaboines  and  Yank- 
ton nais,"  from  Wolf  Point  up  Milk  River,  225 
miles,  to  Fort  Belknap. 

These  Indians  bad  been  accustomed  to 
spend  months  in  the  hunting  camp,  keeping 
close  to  the  great  herd,  and  thus  gathering 
in  their  harvest  of  meat  and  hides  from  day 
today.  The  meat  they  never  wasted.  What 
was  not  required  for  present  w-ants  was  care- 


324 


THE    FRIEND. 


full}'  dried  for  summer  use.  The  hides  were 
their  medium  of  exehange  with  the  trader. 
They  meant  clothing,  sugar,  toliacco,  comfort 
and,  in  their  way,  luxuries.  The  pleasures  of 
the  chase  were  shared  by  the  entire  family. 
The  old  dreaded  to  be  left  behind.  They 
looked  after  the  camp  and  children,  cheered 
on  the  hunters  as  they  went  forth,  even  pray- 
ed for  success  to  attend  them  and  that  they 
might  be  spared  from  accident.  At  night,  al- 
ter the  successful  bunt,  they  listened  around 
the  camp  tires  to  the  stories  of  prowess  and 
adventure.  There  was  feasting,  excitement 
—all  the  elements  of  a  ''good-time"  to  these 
wild  savages. 

But,  for  a  few  years  past,  the  French  half 
breeds  have  been  coming  over  in  great  num- 
bers to  hunt  the  buffalo.  Englishmen  and 
other  Europeans  have  camped  upon  the  re- 
servation for  the  same  purpose,  and  American 
professional  hunters,  with  their  forty-pound 
buffalo  rifles,  have  followed  up  the  herds  so 
persistently  and  insatiably  as  to  threaten  the 
annihilation  of  the  noble  game.  Two  of  these 
white  hunters,  last  season,  killed  the  incredi- 
ble number  of  twenty-eight  hundred.  These 
men  waste  the  meat,  slaughtering  only  for  the 
hides. 

Destructive,  wasteful,  exterminatingas  this 
civilized  (?)  warfare  upon  the  buffalo  had 
become,  no  one — least  of  all  the  Indian — was 
prepared  for  their  sudden  and  utter  disappear- 
ance. To  the  Indian  it  came  likea  thunderbolt. 
At  every  council  it  was  the  first  topic  broach- 
ed, and  was  the  keynote  to  every  speech. 
Like  all  men  who  are  constantly  in  commu- 
nion with  the  great  powers  of  Nature,  the  In- 
dian is  rarely  lacking  in  reverence, — in  a  kind  | 
of  vivid  faith  in  the  Unseen.  A  Grosventresj 
chief  came,  with  the  interpreter,  to  call  upon| 
me  at  Belknap.  He  began  by  saying:  "  God 
provided  the  buffalo  for  the  Indian,  and  hith- 
erto he  has  lived  by  hunting,  but  God  has  ta- 
ken away  the  buffalo,  and  now  we  must  live 
like  the  white  men.  We  must  have  cattle, 
sheep,  pigs,  chickens.  We  must  live  in  houses. 
My  visitor  then  spoke  of  the  drought  and  the 
necessity  of  irrigation,  and  said  his  people  de- 
sired the  Government  to  help  them  to  get 
their  living  like  white  men.     So,  also,  at  Pop- 


the  wild  savage,  is  the  providential  opportu- 
nity for  more  earnest,  decided  and  compre- 
hensive effort  for  hiscivilization  ? — The  Inde- 
pendent. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

DOUBT. 
Doubt  tempted  me  from  day  to  day, 

Morn  after  morn, 
lie  still  returned  until  my  heart 

Cried  out  forlorn  : 

"  Oh,  God  I  and  hast  thou  doomed  my  life 

To  such  a  fate, — 
And  is  this  ghostly  Doubt  to  be 

My  constant  mate? 

To  serve  thee  I  sincerely  strive 

But  oh,  bow  hard  ! 
When  this  benumbing,  chilling  power 

Faith's  steps  retard." 

Some  listening  angel  heard  my  voice 

And  hending  o'er, 
Spake  words  offender,  calming  grace 

Ne'er  heard  before. 

And  now  my  groundless  fears  are  flown 

And  over  all, 
The  light  of  God's  consoling  love 

Doth  sweetly  fall. 

No  human  love,  however  warm 

And  strong  and  true, 
E'er  made  for  me  the  earth  so  green, 

And  skies  so  blue. 

— «—  K'  Hl 

Selected. 


lar  River  ( Yar.ktonnais),  at  Wolf  Point,  at 
Blackfeet,  and  at  the  Crow  Agency  the  bur- 
den of  the  council  talk  was:  "The*  buffalo  is 
gone.  We  must  make  farms  and  raise  stock 
like  the  white  man." 

"White-Calf,  chief  of  the  Piegans,  was  the 
only  one  who  did  not  seem  to  attribute  it  di- 
rectly to  divine  interference.  He  said: 
"  Washington  has  taken  away  our  lands  and 
permitted  white  men  to  cover  the  hills  with 
cattle.  This  ha9  driven  away  the  buffalo. 
Now  Washington  should  feed  us,  and  supply 
ns  with  cattle  until  we  can  raise  them  our- 
selves and  get  food  from  the  ground."  It  is 
true  that  the  great  cattle  associations  of 
Montana  have  taken  full  possession  of  the  vast 
buffalo  ranges  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Blackfeet 
and  Piegan  tribes. 

But  the  unexpected  disappearance  of  theim- 
mense  winter  herds  along  Milk  River,  where 
the  Sioux,  Assinnaboincs,  Grosventres,  Crows, 
and  even  the  Nez  Perces  from  Oregon  have 
been  wont  to  hunt,  is  so  sudden  and  inexpli- 
cable that  it  is  most  natural  for  the  Indian 
to  say,  "Buffalo  all  gone.  God  has  taken 
them  away." 

Is  it  not  a  fair  conclusion  that  this  event  of 
the  vanishing  of  the  buffalo,  so  appalling  to 


THE  TIDES. 
The  moon  is  at  her  full,  and  riding  high, 

Floods  the  calm  fields  with  light; 
The  airs  that  hover  in  the  summer  sky 

Are  all  asleep  to-night. 

There  comes  no  voice  from  the  great  woodlands  round 

That  murmured  all  the  day; 
Beneath  the  shadow  of  their  boughs  the  ground 

Is  not  more  still  than  they. 

But  ever  heaves  and  moans  the  restless  Deep  ; 

His  rising  tides  I  hear, 
Afar,  I  see  the  glimmering  billows  leap; 

I  see  them  breaking  near. 

Each  wave  springs  upward,  climbing  toward  the  fair 

Pure  light  that  sits  on  high — 
Springs  eagerly,  and  faintly  sinks,  to  where 

The  mother-waters  lie. 

Upward  again  it  swells;  the  moonbeams  show 

Again  its  glimmering  crest ; 
Again  it  feels  the  fatal  weight  below, 

And  sinks,  but  not  to  rest, 

Again  and  yet  again  ;  until  (he  Deep 

Recalls  his  brood  of  waves; 
And,  with  a  sullen  moan,  abashed,  they  creep 

Back  to  his  inner  caves. 

Brief  respite  !  they  shall  rush  from  that  recess 

With  noise  and  tumult  soon, 
And  Uing  themselves  with  unavailing  stress 

Up  toward  the  placid  moon. 
O  restless  Sea,  that,  in  thy  prison  here, 

Dost  struggle  and  complain  ; 
Through  the  long  centuries  yearning  to  be  near 

To  that  fair  orb  in  vain  ; 

The  glorious  source  of  light  and  heat  must  warm 

Thy  billows  from  on  high, 
And  change  them  to  the  cloudy  trains  that  form 

The  curtain  of  the  sky  ; 

Then  only  may  they  leave  the  waste  of  brine 

In  which  they  welter  here, 
And  rise  above  the  bills  of  earth,  and  shine 

In  a  serener  sphere. 

—  William  Vullen  Bryant. 

Roslyn,  18G0. 

"  Oh,  little  feet !  that  such  long  years 
Must  wander  on  through  hope*  and  fears, 

Must  ache  and  bleed  beneath  your  load  ; 
I,  nearer  to  the  wayside  inn, 
When  toil  shall  cease  and  rest  begin, 

Am  weary,  thinking  of  your  road  I" 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Westtown. 

The  purposes  for  which  this  Seminary  wai 
originally  established,  and  the  wisdom  ant 
liberality  of  its  founders,  have  certainly 
brought  blessings  to  thousands  of  the  childrei 
of  our  Societj-;  and  through  them  its  benefiti 
have  been  widely  extended,  reaching  far  ou 
itito  different  communities.  Its  locality,  fret 
from  contaminating  surroundings  ;  its  discip 
line,  that  of  a  well-ordered  family;  its  effor 
to  keep  the  literary  subservent  to  the  mora 
and  religious  welfare  of  the  pupils,  must  wi 
think  commend  to  the  present  generation  thi 
undertaking  sanctioned  by  the  Yearly  Meet 
ing,  of  erecting  new  buildings,  in  order  tha 
the  advantages  of  a  guarded  education  maj 
be  perpetuated  to  our  children  and  our  chil 
dren's  children. 

There  are  a  few  facts  bearing  upon  th< 
subject  which  we  would  like  briefly  to  ira 
press  upon  our  members.  First,  the  projee 
has  not  been  undertaken  before  needed,  am 
without  due  deliberation  ;  the  possibilities  o: 
the  old  structure,  and  the  cost  of  the  new- 
have  been  carefully  weighed  ;  the  increasing 
number  of  applications  for  admission  fron 
other  Yearly  Meetings  could  not  be  ignored 
nor  the  increase  of  public  and  other  schools 
with  enlarged  facilities,  attracting  childret 
away  from  our  own. 

Secondly,  and  of  still  greater  importance  if 
the  fact,  that  at  nearly  all  schools  of  a  higl 
grade  there  has  come  to  pass  a  code  among 
the  students  highly  detrimental  to  the  propel 
relationship  that  ought  to  exist  between  pu 
pils  and  preceptors.  A  demand  for  liberty 
quite  inimical  to  good  order  and  the  religiotif 
welfare  of  pupils,  has  been  generally  so  fai 
acceded  to,  that  restraint  in  any  form  has  be 
come  almost  a  thing  of  the  past ;  and  a  watch 
ful  guardianship  between  recitations  by  thost 
in  authority,  is  too  commonly  regarded  at 
something  entirely  beyond  school  require 
ments.  "If  I  am  punctual  at  recitation  anc 
up  in  my  task,  it  is  all  you  should  ask," — if 
the  mind  of  the  modern  student. 

The  maintenance  of  a  school  with  the  ob 
jects  sought  after  in  the  establishment  o 
VVesttown,  continues  to  be  needful.  W« 
should  not  fail  to  make  provision  for  th< 
future  of  our  descendants  :  let  us  occupy  faith 
fully  the  heritage  so  wisely  and  unselfishly 
acquired  for  us  b}-  our  fathers,  looking  tc 
Israel's  Shepherd  for  a  blessing. 

The  Lost  Rivers  of  Idaho — One  of  the  mos 
singular  features  in  the  scenery  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Idaho,  is  the  occurrence  of  dark  rock} 
chasms,  into  which  large  streams  and  creeks 
suddenly  discharge  themselves,  disappear,  ant 
are  never  more  seen.  These  fissures  are  ok 
lava  channels,  produced  by  the  outside  of  th< 
molten  mass  cooling  and  forming  a  tub< 
which,  on  the  fiery  stream  becoming  exhaust 
ed,  has  been  left  empty,  while  the  roof  of  th« 
ava  duct  having  at  some  point  fallen  in,  pre 
sents  there  the  opening  into  which  the  rivei 
lunges  and  is  lost.  At  one  place  on  the  pre 
ipitous  banks  of  the  Snake,  one  of  these  tin 
erground  rivers  comes  gushing  into  liglr 
from  a  cleft  high  up  in  the  basaltic  walls 
where  it  leaps  in  the  form  of  a  cataract  int( 
the  torrent  below.  Where  this  stream  has  itt 
origin,  or  at  what  point  it  is  swallowed  up,  it 
utterly  unknown,  though  it  is  believed  that  it! 
sources  are  a  long  way  up  in  the  north  coun 
try. — Baptist  Weekly. 


THE    FRIEND. 


325 


Saints  Uncanonized. 

t  is  only  on  cathedral  windows  and  in  books 
art  that  one  meets  with  saints  around 
ose  head  a  visible  balo  shines.  These 
ngs  belong  to  the  poetry  of  religion,  and 
re  nothing  to  do  with  its  stern  prose.  It 
a  bitter  moment  when  the  youth  or  the 
,iden,  just  passing  out  from  the  tender 
jams  of  childhood,  realizes  that  the  world 
not  the  magiu  land  of  childhood's  fancy, 
is  not  without  pain  that  one  who  has  known 
ly  the  poetry  of  religion  wakes  up  to  the 
isciousness  that  a  religion  which  is  to  be 
ed  must  often  part  company  with  poetry, 
le  halos  are  so  beautiful,  the  palms  and 
>wns  are  so  resplendent,  that  we  cannot 
>  them  fade  out  into  the  common  light  of 
y  without  a  quiver  of  pain. 
A.nd  yet,  when  we  look  around  us  at  what 
iually  is,  we  are  compelled  to  see  that  most 
earth's  saints  go  through  life  unattended 
any  portent,  save  such  as  are  common  to 
men,  and  are  therefore  esteemed  no  por 
its  at  all.  The  shining  halo  may  be  there, 
t  it  is  not  visible  to  the  eye,  and  the  world 
ss  no  miracle,  but  only  humiliation  and 
in  self-sacrifice,  in  that  which  distinguishes 
sir  daity  lives.  Like  others,  they  know 
-  and  sorrow,  and  weariness  and  rest ;  the 
sty 


heads     * 
and  ever 


'     *     and  they  shall  reign  foreve 
-S.  S.  Times. 


Who  are  those 


Who? 

very  thoughtless 


Cryptography. 

BY  HENRY  FREDERICK  REDDALL. 

Since  early  times  men  have  devised  various 
ways  of  sending  important  intelligence  in  a 
manner  so  effectually  disguised  that  only 
those  for  whom  the  news  was  intended  should 
be  able  to  understand  the  meaning  of  what 
was  written. 

"Until  comparatively  recent  years,  diplo- 
mats, statesmen,  and  military  or  naval  com- 
manders were  the  principal  persons  compelled 
by  circumstances  to  keep  their  affairs  or  their 
movements  shrouded  in  secrecy.  So  long  as 
there  was  no  regular  postal  service,  important 
letters  were  sent  by  courier,  and  thus  the 
weightiest  secrets  were  often  at  the  mercy 
of  any  one  inclined  to  be  dishonest. 

Before  the  spread  of  education,  and  at  a 

time  when  few  possessed  a  knowlege  of  any 

,  other  language  than   their  own,  to  indite  a 

ions' letter  or  a  dispatch  in  a  foreign  tongue  was 

who  usually  ample  protection  against  a  surrepti- 


ways  are  no  less  dusty  for  them,  nor  stand 


very 
false  coinage, 
.  corrupting  the  minds  of  so  many  dear 
children  and  young  persons  with  their  poison- 
ous stuff  in  the  form  of  dime  novels  and  simi- 
lar vicious  publications  so  spread  over  the 
land?  like  to  what  a  poet  has  thus  graphically 
portrayed  : — 

"  A  race  obscene, 
Spawn'd  in  the  muddy  beds  of  Nile,  came  forth, 
Polluting  Egvpt:  gardens,  fields,  and  plains, 
Were  covered  with  the  pest ;  the  streets  were  filled  ; 
The  croaking  nuisance  lurk'd  in  every  nook  ; 
Nor  palaces,  nor  even  chambers,  scaji'd  ; 
And  the  land  stank— so  num'rous  was  the  fry." 
Parents   need  all  the  vigilance  am 
care  they  can  exercise  to  guard  their  y 
charge  against  thieves  and  marauder 

are  watching  to  steal,  not  perhaps,  their  house-]  tious  prying  into  its  contents.  But  it  is  now 
hold  goods,  but  what  is  of  infinitely  more  many  years  since  this  safeguard  was  broken 
value — the  morals,  manners,  and  religious  down, "and  it  became  necessary  for  all  who 
sensibilities  of  their  children.  did  not  want  their  correspondence  known  to 

The  following  from  Dymond's  Essays  rela-  interested  parties  to  contrive  some  means 
tive  to  the  Bookseller  and  the  Druggist  is  Gf  communicating  with  the  pen  that  would 
nstructively  suggestive  on  this  subject : — "  I  defy  scrutiny.     Hence  there  came  into  exten 


booksellei 


the  scent,  of  wayside  flowers  more  sweet ;  his  customers  successively  coming  in. 
1  others,  they  live  and  die  and  are  buried  orders  a  lexicon,  and  one  a  work  of  scun 
t  of  sight,  and  no  dead  body  springs  to  life  infidelity;  one  Captain  Cook  s  Voyages 
the  touch  of  their  bones.     The  pangs  of  one  a  new  licentious  romance.     It  the  1 


pan 

reavement  came  to  them  also;  and  their 
ces  gathered  wrinkles  and  lines  of  care 
aich  not  even  death  can  efface.  Obviously, 
any  mark  of  sainthood  belongs  to  them,  it 
not  to  be  found  in  any  visible  supernatural 

'II. 

There  are  many  beautiful  souls  who  have 
ven  up  all  for  Christ,  and  who  stand  with  no 
tblic  sign  of  their  consecration  upon  them, 
:bind  warehouse  counters,  or  stoop  over 
echanics'  benches,  or  add  up  long  columns 
dizzy  ledgers.  And  they  who  see  them 
Horn  guess  that  in  these  weary  men  and 
omen  they  behold  some  of  God's  earthly 
ints. 

There  often  seems  to  be  a  kind  of  incom- 
eteness  in  the  surroundings  of  such  uncan- 
lized  saints.  Why  should  such  devotedness 
)t  be  crowned  with  the  halo?  Why  should 
le  hands  that  have  achieved  the  victory  not 
so  grasp  the  palm  ?  Longfellow  has  phrased 
le  thought  of  many  minds  when,  in  showing 
le  incomplete  completeness  of  Giotto's  towe 
3  says : 

"  How  many  lives  made  beautiful  and  sweet 
By  self-devotion  and  by  self-restraint, 
Whose  pleasure  is  to  run  without  complaint 
On  unknown  errands  of  the  Paraclete, 
Wanting  the  reverence  of  unshodden  feet, 
Fail  of  the  nimbus  which  the  artists  paint 
Around  the  shining  forehead  of  the  saint, 
And  are  in  their  completeness  incomplete." 
But  the  wisdom  of  God  is  wiser  than  the 
oetry  of  man.     The  Church  Militant  is  not 
et  the  Church  Triumphant;  and  while  God 
romises  to  his  own,  completeness  of  protec- 
ori,  wisdom  and  strength,  wherewith  to  ear- 
y  on  his  work,  he  does  not  promise  to  them 
ompleteness  of  glory  here.     That  will  come 
ereafter.     The  halo  which  the  artist  paints 
'ill    fall   far  short  of  the  glory  wherewith 
fod's  saints  will  yet  be  crowned.     Here  feet 
lust  be  stained  with  the  dust,  and  eyes  must 
e  dim  with  tears  ;  hereafter,  "  they  shall  see 


hop,    and    observe  give  use  the  art  of  writing  in  cipher,  called 
One  cryptography,  from  two  Greek  words,  tpvirnr, 
lous  "secret,"  and  ypd^tw,  "  to  write." 
,  and!      Under  this  term  are  included  all   private 
book-  alphabets,  or  systems  of  characters  for  the 
seller  takes  and  executes  all  these  orders  with  Bafc  transmission  of  secrets.     As  fast  as  one 
the  same  willingness,  I  cannot  but  perceive  device  was  discovered,  human  ingenuity  con- 
there  is  an  inconsistency,  an  incompleteness,  trived  another  still  more  intricate. 

his  moral  principles  of  action.  Perhaps!  A  cipher  sufficiently  perplexing  for  all  ordi- 
this  person  is  so  conscious  of  the  mischievous  nary  purposes  is  found  by  using  the  alphabet 
effects  of  such  books,  that  he  would  not  allow  [„  anv  language  in  an  inverted  order,  taking 
them  in  the  hands  of  his  children,  nor  suffer  z  for  A,  \Mor  B,  X  for  C,  and  so  on  ;  exam- 
them  to  be  seen  on  his  parlor  table.  But  if  he  ples  of  this  may  often  be  seen  in  the  advertis- 
thus  knows  the  evils  which  the}'  inflict,  can  ;ng  columns  of  our  great  dailies, 
it  be  right  for  him  to  be  the  agent  in  diffusing  When  it  is  only  desired  to  write  a  crypto- 
them  1  Such  a  person  does  not  exhibit  that  gram,  and  not  print  it,  such  other  characters 
consistency,  that  completeness  of  virtuous  ,,iay  be  used  as  are  mutually  agreed  upon  by 
conduct,  without  which  the  Christian  char-  correspondents,  or  the  alphabet  may  be  trans- 
acter  cannot  be  fully  exhibited.  Step  into  posed  in  other  ways.  A  figured  cipher  is  one 
the  shop  of  this  bookseller's  neighbor,  a  drug-  jn  which  the  letters  of  the  alphabet  are  num- 
<nst,  and  there,  if  a  person  asks  for  some  bered,  and  these  numbers  compose  the  erypto- 
arse'nic,  the  tradesman  begins  to  be  anxious.  gram.  To  insure  secrecy  it  is,  of  course, 
He  considers  whether  it  is  probable  the  buyer  necessary  that  the  particular  series  of  num- 
wants  it  for  a  proper  purpose.  If  he  does  sell  tiers  chosen  shall  be  known  only  to  thoso 
it,  he  cautions  the  buyer  to  keep   it  where  who  use  the  cipher. 

others  cannot  have  access  to  it;  and  before!  Another  plan  consisted  in  choosing  a  certain 
he  delivers  the  packet,  legibly  inscribes  on  it  book — a  dictionary  appears  to  have  been  the 
Poison.  One  of  these  men  sells  poison  to  the  favorite — and  by  a  simple  citation  of  the  nura- 
body.  and  the  other  poison  to  the  mind.  If  her  of  the  page,  of  the  column,  and  of  the 
the  anxiety  and  caution  of  the  druggist  is  ]jne,  sentences  were  constructed,  the  key  to 
right,  the  indifference  of  the  bookseller  mustj  which  was  extremely  difficult  of  discovery  by 
be  wrong.  Add  to  which,  that  the  druggist  one  not  in  the  secret.  But  as  the  number  of 
would  not  sell  arsenic  at  all  if  it  were  not]  different  dictionaries  was  necessarily  limited, 
sometimes  useful;  but  to  what  readers  can  a' the  mystery  could  usually  be  solved  by  any 
vicious  book  be  useful?"  j  one  willing  to  devote  time  and  patience  to 

Among  whatever  class  of  society  these  hunting  up  the  particular  one  adopted.  Vari- 
"  Who's"°are  found,  whether  professors  of  the  ous  other  books  have  been  similarly  used, 
religion  of  Jesus  or  not,  may  they  take  home]  such  as  spelling-books,  and  even  the  Bible, 
to  themselves  and  duly  realize  ere  it  be  too  But  these  systems  were  cumbersome,  and 
late,  that  in  corrupting  the  minds  and  morals  were  all  more  or  less  open  to  detection. 
of  our  youth,  they  are  fast  and  fearfully  filling  Still,  with  devices  such  as  these,  more  or 
up  the  cup  of  their  own  iniquity,  and,  it  may  less  ingenious,  the  world  was  fain  to  be  con- 
be,  that  of  their  country.  While  the  All-see-  tent  until  about  forty  years  ago,  when  a 
in»  knows  how  deserving  of  punishment  we]  scientific  discovery  was  made  that  indirectly 
are  on  account  of  these  great  evils,  He  may  converted    cryptography    into   a   recognize"" 


keep  back  the  fiat :   "  Bender  unto  her  double 
for  all  her  sins,"  until  his  long-suffering  lov- 
ing kindness  and  fatherly  forbearance  ceases 
[is  face  and  his  name  shall  be  in  "their  fore- 'toward  the  workmanship  of  his  holy  hands. 


requiring 


thought,  labor  and  inventive 


allin« 
ability. 

The  opening  years  of  the  second  half  of  our 
contury  found  the  world  in  amazement  over 


626 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  then  recent  invention  of  telegraphy.  Since 
that  time  the  earth  has  been  girdled  with 
wires,  and  there  is  now  scarcely  any  place 
of  note  unconnected  by  electricity  with  the 
remotest  seat  of  civilization.  Myriads  of  mes- 
sages were  soon  sent  flying  over  the  earth  or 
flashing  under  the  sea;  the  money  kings  and 
the  monarebs  of  trade  were  quick  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  new  and  speedier  mode  of 
controlling  the  world's  markets,  and  soon  be- 
came its  best  patrons  ;  statesmen  and  diplo- 
mates  sat  in  their  respective  cabinets  and 
received  intelligence  in  one  short  hour  that 
must  formerly  have  taken  weeks  to  reach 
them. 

Immediately  a  new  want  made  itself  felt. 
Secrecy  had  been  sacrificed  at  the  shrine  of 
speed.  If  the  mail  was  slow,  it  afforded 
privacy,  but  the  contents  of  a  telegraphic 
message  are  of  necessity  known  to  others 
beside  the  sender  and  the  receiver.  So  the 
minister,  the  banker,  and  the  merchant  soon 
began  to  send  cipher  dispatches.  It  was 
quickly  discovered,  however,  that  existing 
methods  of  cipher-writing  were  unadapted  to 
telegraphy;  the  costliness  of  the  new  inven- 
tion necessitated  brevity;  and  thus  it  was] 
not  long  before  there  went  whirling  over  the 
wire  messages  often  words  that,  properly 
deciphered,  included  from  thirty  to  fifty. 

A  great  proportion  of  commercial  messages 
—orders  to  buy  and  sell  and  the  like — are 
similar  in  their  terms,  and  hence  it  is  that  aj 
single  word  representing  three  or  four  words 
in  frequent  use  is  the  plan  on  which  our  pre- 
sent cable  cryptograph  is  based,  whereby, 
there  is  annually  a  large  saving  in  expense. 

Then,  too,  as  trade  increased  and  competi- 
tion became  fierce,  every  firm  wanted  its  own 
cipher  system,  distinct  from  any  used  by 
other  houses  in  the  same  business ;  and  re- 
flection will  enable  us  to  appreciate  the  vast 
number  of  separate  ciphers  in  use  in  a  great 
commercial  centre  like  New  York  city. 

Therefore,  in  course  of  time,  the  preparation  j 
of  cipher  systems  for  merchants  and  others 
using  the  telegraph  largely  has  come  to  be  a 
regular  calling,  and  in  every  large  city  the 
sign  "Cable  Codes"  is  to  be  seen.  At  one  of 
these  offices  we  may  be  accommodated  with 
a  code  of  from  fifty  to  five  thousand  words, 
at  a  cost  of  hundreds  of  cents  or  hundreds  of 
dollars. 

Most  of  these  codes  are  alphabetically  ar- 
ranged in  parallel  columns,  like  shipping 
signals — the  English  words  and  phrases  in 
one  column,  and  their  cipher  equivalents  in 
another.  To  such  magnitude  has  this  busi- 
ness grown  that  all  languages  are  ransacked 
for  suitable  cryptographic  codes,  and  every 
day  sees  their  preparation  growing  more  com- 
plicated and  costly. 

The  modern  telegraphic  signals  and  our 
various  systems  of  short-hand  may  be  called 
examples  of  cipher-writing,  though  in  these 
cases,  of  course,  speed  and  brevity  are  aimed 
at,  not  secrecy. — Harper's  Bazar. 


names.  They  were  all  made  to  minister  to 
the  theistic  faith.  Our  nineteenth  century  is 
carving,  on  the  marble  of  science,  names  of  God 
as  the  absolute,  the  infinite,  the  inscrutable 
force  lj'ing  behind  all  natural  laws.  These 
names  are  philosophical,  obscure,  and  cold. 
When  the  marble  is  finished  the  whole  block, 
as  I  believe,  will  be  like  that  which  lies  above 
the  tomb  of  Akbar;  the  devoutest  and  most 
vivid  and  religious  appellations  will  be  chis- 
elled on  it  at  last,  and  we  shall  find  that  the 
absolute,  the  infinite,  the  unknown  force 
behind  all  law,  is  really  the  personal  God, 
the  King  eternal,  immortal,  invisible,  whom 
Christians  worship. — Joseph  Cook. 


When  I  was  in  India  men  showed  me  the 
tomb  of  Akbar,  on  which  were  written  the 
ninety-nine  names  of  God.  Some  of  the  words 
represent  him  merely  as  force,  some  merely 
as  the  absolute  and  the  infinite;  but  on  the 
marble  lying  over  the  tomb  of  this  great  king 
all  those  names  were  harmonized.  The  most 
philosophical  and  obscure  and  cold  appellations 
of  the  Deity  were  brought  into  connection 
with  the  most  religious  and  vivid  and  devout 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

White  Lead  Manufacture. — In  the  processes 
in  general  use  in  the  manufacture  of  white 
lead,  by  the  action  of  acetic  acid  fumes  and 
carbonic  acid  gas  on  the  metallic  lead,  the 
workmen  were  much  exposed  to  disease  from 
the  powder  of  the  lead  settling  on  the  skin, 
or  being  inhaled  into  the  lungs.  The  common 
method  has  been  to  place  the  bars  or  sheets 
of  lead  in  earthenware  pots,  which  are  piled 
in  large  chambers  and  covered  with  tan. 
After  some  weeks  exposure,  the  lead  is  wholly 
or  partially  converted  into  white  lead.  It 
is  in  the  collection  and  further  preparation 
of  this  that  the  poisonous  dust  spreads  over 
the  factories.  A  recent  process  of  manufac- 
ture has  been  patented  in  England,  which  it 
is  hoped  will  largely  remedy  this  evil.  In  it, 
the  lead  is  placed  in  wooden  trays  lined  with 
tin,  and  these  are  piled  up  in  a  brick  cham- 
ber, the  floor  of  which  is  tinned.  Acetic  and 
carbonic  acid  vapors  and  air  are  introduced 
through  tubes,  and  the  electric  action  which 
takes  place  causes  a  rapid  conversion  of  the 
metallic  lead  into  white  lead.  When  this 
process  is  finished,  the  white  lead  is  separated 
by  machinery,  in  a  closed  apartment,  mixed 
with  oil  and  ground,  without  dust  being  rais- 
ed, and  without  once  being  touched  by  the 
hands  of  the  operatives. 

Hydrophobia. — Pasteur,  the  French  chem- 
ist, has  succeeded,  by  inoculating  dogs  with 
a  properly  prepared  virus,  in  rendering  them 
absolutely  proof  against  this  formidable  dis- 
ease. 

The  Society  for  Mutual  Autopsy  in  Paris, 
consists  of  about  200  members,  many  of  whom 
are  eminent  in  the  medical  and  scientific 
world.  The  members  all  agree  to  will  their 
bodies  to  the  society  for  dissection  after  death. 
The  object  of  this  association  is  to  remove  the 
difficulty  which  has  heretofore  been  found  in 
obtaining  for  examination  the  bodies  of  per- 
sons of  cultivated  understanding. 

Incubators  for  Infants. — In  the  Hospital, 
"  La  Maternite,"  of  Paris,  a  modification  of 
the  apparatus  used  for  hatching  eggs,  has  been 
introduced  for  the  use  of  very  young  and 
feeble  infants.  After  being  properly  cared 
for  and  dressed,  they  are  put  in  a  box  with  a 
glass  lid,  and  suitably  ventilated,  which  is 
warmed  by  hot  water  bottles,  and  kept  at  a 
temperature  of  about  00°.  The  heat  is  kept 
uniform  by  changing  one  of  the  bottles  of  hot 
water  every  two  hours.  Hero  they  remain 
for  a  week  or  longer,  until  they  have  gained 
sufficient  strength  to  bear  the  usual  exposure 
of  children.  They  are  taken  out  at  intervals 
to  be  fed  and  washed.  The  results  from  the 
use  of  this  contrivance  are  said  to  be  very 
satisfactory. 


The,  Honey  Ant  of  Colorado. — The  investigj 
lions  of  II.  C.  McCook  show  that  these  j 
sects  are  nocturnal,  and  that  like  many  othe 
species  of  the  ant  family,  they  obtain  thei 
supply  of  sweets  from  the  insects  which  infet 
plants.  The  honey  ant  resorts  to  a  reddis 
gall  found  upon  the  oak.  A  very  curiojj 
feature  in  its  economy,  is  that  this  honey  j 
not  stored  in  waxen  cells,  as  with  the  bee,  bu 
is  stored  in  the  abdomens  of  certain  of  th 
ants,  to  whom  it  is  brought  by  those  wh 
have  done  the  collecting.  These  honey  bearen 
as  McCook  terms  them,  live  in  one  of  t\k 
chambers  of  the  nest,  where  they  re  ma] 
almost  stationary,  theiryellow  bodies  stretel 
cd  along  the  ceiling,  but  the  rotund  abdomen 
hung  down,  almost  perfect  globules  of  trani 
parent  tissue,  through  which  the  amber  coi 
ored  honey  showed.  They  looked  like  . 
cluster  of  small  Delaware  grapes,  or  larg 
currants.  If  they  should  loosen  their  hold  an 
fall  to  the  floors,  they  seem  helpless  to  regai 
their  position,  but  remain  where  they  fel 
The  honey  is  nearly  pure  grape  sugar,  and  i 
eaten  by  the  Mexicans  and  Indians. 

Its  use  is  to  supply  the  inhabitants  of  th 
nest  with  food  during  the  season  when  it  j 
otherwise  not  to  be  procured.  The  hungr 
ant  places  her  mouth  to  that  of  the  hone' 
bearer,  who  forces  up  a  drop  of  the  liquid 
!  which  is  lapped  off  by  the  other. 
I  Iron  Shavings — One  of  the  annoyances  con 
nected  with  the  elevated  railways  in  Net 
York,  arises  from  the  necessity  of  makinj 
frequent  and  quick  stops.  This  makes  a  heav 
friction  between  the  brakes  and  the  wheel! 
tearing  off  minute  particles  of  iron  so  srna] 
that  the  eye  cannot  perceive  them,  which  yd 
produce  iritation  when  they  lodge  on  the  eye 
ball.  Several  of  the  car  drivers  on  the  roaq 
passing  beneath  have  suffered  in  this  way. 
I  Glucose  in  Leather. — A  fraudulent  methoj 
of  increasing  the  weight  of  leather  by  addinj 
glucose  to  it,  has  been  practised  in  GermanJ 
It  ma}'  be  detected  by  placing  pieces  of  leat  he 
suspected  to  have  been  so  treated,  in  watej 
jfor  24  hours,  when  the  glucose  will  be  dissolv 
ed  ;  or  if  two  pieces  of  the  leather  arc  wet  an] 
placed  together  for  a  time,  they  will  ad  her 
from  the  gummy  exudation.  Leather  whicj 
has  had  grape  sugar  added  to  it  dries  witl 
!  difficulty." 

Artesian  Wells. — At  Ocean  Grove  and  As 
bury  Park  on  the  coast  of  New  Jersey,  artesiai 
j  wells  have  been  sunk  to  the  depth  of  400  feel 
]  which  yield  an  ample  supply  of  water  fre 
from  any  organic  contamination.  That  a 
Ocean  Grove  is  a  flowing  well,  which  furnishe 
Trom  60,000  to  70,000  gallons  daily.  It  i 
soft  enough  for  laundry  purposes. 

Borax  Lake. — In  California  is  a  largo  poo 
'of  shallow  water,  with  muddy  sides  and  hot 
:tom,  the  water  of  which  sometimes  entirely 
evaporates  in  diy  seasons.  It  is  alwaj's  in 
tensely  alkaline,  containing  carbonate  of  soda 
common  salt  and  borax.  In  its  average  eon 
dition,  a  gallon  of  water  holds  about  a  quarte 
of  a  pound  of  borax  in  solution.  The  cavit] 
of  the  lake  is  cup  shaped,  filled  below  with  i 
smooth  mud  of  unknown  depth,  which  ha 
been  bored  to  30  feet  without  its  lower  limi 
being  reached.  In  this  the  borax  is  found  ii 
distinct  crystals,  somo  of  them  of  very  larg 
size,  and  weighing  as  much  as  a  pound  each 

Running  to  the  Train. — The  danger,  par 
tieularly  to  elderly  persons,  of  undue  exertioi 
in  making  connection  with  trains,  is  showi 
by  the  case  of  Goodwin,  of  New  Yrork.  Fearing 


THE    FRIEND. 


521 


t  he  should  miss  his  train,  he  ran  from  his 
ice  to  Chambers  Street  Ferry.  This  brought 
disease  of  the  heart,  and  in  two  weeks  he 

d.  _  ' 

Items. 

^-German  Hospital  of  Philadelphia.— The  Annual 
lortof  this  institution  for  1883,  gives  the  number 
[patients  treated  by  it  during  the  year  as  719. 
Jients  are  admitted  to  it  irrespective  of  nation- 
nj  creed  or  color. 

i-Mennonites  in  Eliiva. — This  band  of  non-resist- 
I  brethren,  since  removing  from  Russia  to  Asia, 
e  met  with  many  hardships,  and  appear  to  be 
looking  towards  America  as  a  place  of  refuge. 
ir  means  have  so  dwindled  under  their  trials, 
t  they  have  no  longer  the  funds  necessary  to  pay 

travelling  expenses ;  and  they  have  appealed 
heir  brethren  in   profession  in  this  country  for 

The  Mennonite  Church  of  Beatrice,  Gage  Co., 
braska,  have  issued  an  appeal  in  their  behalf,  in 
ch  they  state  that  this  distressed  flock  consists 
50  families,  and  that  it  will  cost  $80  per  person 
emove  them  from  Russia  to  Nebraska  or  Kansas. 
rThe  American  Humane  Association. — The  object 
this  Association  is  to  mitigate  the  sufferings  of 
stock  transported  by  railroad.  Latterly  cars 
!  been  introduced  in  which  the  cattle  can  be  fed, 
,ered  and  allowed  to  rest,  while  on  their  journey. 
B  importance  of  proper  attention  to  this  subject 
lanifest  if  we  consider  the  magnitude  of  the  trade 
ive-stock.    In  188:!  there  were 


of  the   national    charter.     The  sixth  article. 


some  of  the  usual  faculties  of  mankind.  It 
also  shows  that  the  barriers  thus  put  in  the 
way  of  intercourse  with  others,  do  not  pre- 
vent the  work  of  divine  grace  from  going  on 
in  the  minds  of  such  persons.  He  that  formed 
the  ear  and  the  eye,  can  speak  to  the  heart 
of  those  who  are  outwardly  deaf:  and  can 
illuminate  the  spiritual  perceptions  of  those 
whose  outward  vision  has  forever  departed. 
As  such  persons  continue  faithful  to  the  end, 
to  the  measure  of  light  given  them,  they  will 
doubtless  be  received,  through  the  mercy  of 
God,  into  the  blessed  company  of  saints  and 
angels  and  spirits  of  the  just  made  perfect. 
Such,  we  hope  and  believe,  has  become  the 
experience  of  our  departed  friend. 

The  article  on  the  Theatre,  now  appearing 
in  "The  Friend,"  has  brought  us  a  tract  on 
the  same  subject  from  a  friend  in  England — 
to  whose  kindness  we  feel  indebted. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — The  Department  of  State  has  re- 
ceived information  from  the  Consul  at  Auckland,  with 
the  request  of  the  Colonial  authorities  of  New  Zealand 
that  it  may  be  published,  that  it  is  unlawful  for  any  but 
British  subjects  to  catch  seals  in  the  waters  of  New 
Zealand  and  neighboring  islands. 

A  bill  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the 
8lh  instant,  appropriating  *1, 000,000  for  the  New  Or- 
leans Exposition.  A  provision  requires  that  the  money 
shall  not  be  paid  until  the  Treasury  is  satisfied  that 
$500,000  has  been  contributed  by  tlie  World's  Indus- 
trial and  Cotton  Exposition.  A  bill  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  Senate  by  Senator  Edmunds  of  Vermont, 
and  into  the  House  by  S.  S.  Cox  of  New  York,  placing 
General  Grant  upon  the  retired  list  of  the  army. 

On  the  0th  instant,  the  House  decided,  by  a  vote  of 
159  to  154,  to  strike  out  the  enacting  clause  of  the  Mor- 
rison tariff  bill.  This  action  is  equivalent  to  the  defeat 
of  the  measure  for  the  present  session. 

On  the  night  of  4th  month  18th,  at  11.30  o'clock,  the 

Mormon  Population.— -The  number  of  members,  'some  friends  come  to  see  her.  She  wanted  to  ^j'un"\!.'i,,'h ^"''hark  lv''n'cn','a'i,i  mhLocean.^Both  ves- 
uding  children,  is  stated  to  be  138,000,  pnnci-  shake  hands,  felt  my  hat  and  coat,  then  drew  |sels  sunk  in  a  few  minutes,  123  on  the  Florida  and  12 
y  residing  in  Utah  and  Idaho.  The  number  of  her  hand  across  her  forehead,  then  down  !0n  the  bark,  being  diowned.  The  steamship  Titania, 
rch  officials  is  nearly  29,000.  The  number  of  stl..viirDt  from  each  side  of  her  neck,  as  far  as  'from  Glasgow  for  Montreal,  rescued  24  of  the  crew  of 
sionaries  sent  out  by  the  late  conference  is  95.  ;  ^  £M  reaeh  He,.  giste,.  intcrpreted  tbat  the  former,  and  20  were  taken  on  board  from  the  life- 
fl*n*>    mionforPhilarthrcpicIfor.-J^l^    Baid,    they    were    good,    old-fashioned  ^^^^^^leG^^X™ 

.nation   under  tins   title    has   been   formed  by  Frionds.  and  was  very  joyful,  making  a  plea-  Yo,k  ,,„.  LiviT ,,  ,1!IS  ,,„,  i„  :„  St.  Johns,  Newfound- 

^^.fr^Ae:^rly„Je^:°g?,(HiCk!1!e,^f  Sant  noise,  but  nothing  like  any  words."  land,  damped   bv  colliJ,,,  with  the  steamer  Romano, 

1      One  of  the  women  visitors  gave  her  a  white  of  Hull.    The  collision  occurred  on  the  4th  inst.,  at 
hief,    which    She    felt    all    over,   and   noon     The  Nevada  struck  the  Romano  amidships,  and 

-      .  ,     ..       '    .     .,        ,      ,    t,  ■ iitl„,     the  latter  sunk   within  an   hour.     Her  passengers  and 

'  Education,  Prison  and  Criminal  Reform,  and  smelled  it,  and  thanked  the  giver.  When  crew  wefe  lran?ferr(,a  t0  t|ie  Nevada.  Subsequently 
nperance;  on  each  of  which  subjects  it  has  com- >  asked  if  she  could  tell  it  from  another,  the  tne  Nevada  fell  in  with  the  St.  Laurentand  transhipped 
tees  appointed.  Under  the  head  of  Arbitration,  reply  was  that  she  could.  Her  sister  said,  part  of  the  passengers  of  the  Romano,  her  crew  and 
ble  suggestions  are  made— "Encourage  1;,is.l  could  teU  what  belonged  to  every  one  of  Nevada's  passengers  to  that  ship.  The  agents  of  the 
ill  social  and  business  surroun. lings  the  spirit  of  ,  f  -i  hvthe  smell  and  that  she  could  Wilson  Line  in  Boston  say  the  Romano  was  valued  at 
d  will  and  consideration  lor  the  rights  of  others."  , tuc  Um,7  ,,b>  the  smell,  aixl  that  she  couK  ab(iut  *._,„„  U(J),  iU.r  oa,.„„  was  not  very  valuable, 
s  far  as  possible  encourage  the  settlement  of  dis-  jset  a  table  for  meals  as  nlcdy  as  an3'  one  (and  .  T,)e  gleamer  cilv  of  purliand,  from  Portland,  Maine, 
between  neighbors  by  honest  and  kindly  arbi-  she  did  set  it  while  the  company  were  there),  for  gt.  john>  New  Brunswick,  struck  on  Grindstone 
i."  land    that    for    particular  friends    she    would  Ledge,  Owl's  Head,  before  daylight  on  the  morning  of 

have   the    best   table-cloth   and   dishes  in  the  the  8th,  and  is  a  total  wreck.    All  the  passengers,  70 

and  the  crew,  were  saved.      1  he  vessel  was 


attached  to  Salem  Quarterly  Meeting,  Ohio. 
When  recently  in  those  parts,  we  were  much 
interested  in  hearing  of  ber,  and  her  brother 
Reese  MeGre  w,  who,  like  Eosanna,  had  always 
been  deaf  and  dumb,  and  had  become  blind 
towards  middle  life.  A  friend  who  had  re- 
sided in  the  neighborhood  said  that  Eeese,  in 
earlier  life,  was  fond  of  attending  meetings 
for  Divine  worship,  and  was  sensible  of  the 
difference  in  the  degree  of  life  attending  com- 
munications in  them,  although  he  could  not 
hear  the  words  spoken.  When  blindness  over- 
took him,  and  he  was  no  longer  able  to  meet 
with  his  friends  for  social  worship,  he  would 
retire  alone  into  the  barn  and  there  hold  a 
meeting  by  himself.  Two  of  the  young  meu 
of  the  neighborhood,  impelled  by  curiosity, 
were  present  on  one  such  occasion  ;  and  one 
of  them  spoke  of  it  afterwards  as  having  been 
a  remarkably  solemn  season. 

Through  a  desire  to  know  more  about  this 
interesting  family,  a  letter  was  addressed  to 
a  Friend,  who  had  been  at  their  home  in  the 
course  of  a  religious  visit.  A  reply  was  re- 
ceived, dated  3d  mo.  Gth  of  the  present  year, 
from  which  the  following  information  is  ex- 
tracted : 

On  going  to  their  abode,  "  we  found  Eeese 
splitting  oven-wood  at  the  wood-pile.  He  did 
ed  at  Chicago  it  very  nice  and  pj|ed  it  up  gtraightly." 
8,944  cattle ;  o,040,b2o  hogs,  and  749,917  sheep,  j  The  eommunicartion  witn  Rosa  Was  through 
'-Liberty  of  Worship  in  Portugal.— Recently  the  her  sister  (who  possesses  the  usual  faculties) 
tuguese  Parliament  discussed  the  subject  of  re-  by  signs    by  touch   and   feeling.     "Benjamin 

father   had  a  wen  on   h 


rV  •  ■  '•,""""  V11"",1-.  me  M.y.t  art.cie,  ,;iii,m's  1:ltber  had  a  wen  on  his  forehead, 
ch   limits  liberty  of    worship  to  foreigners,  was      ,  D        >„      •   »  ■  i    o     4. 

Sht  to  be  amended  so  as  to  include  I'ortuguce  above  one  eye  Eosas  sister  sa.d  that  was 
fell.  But  the  Ministry  did  not  feel  disposed  to  ^>r  sign  for  all  the  Gilbert  family,  so  she 
d,  and  the  proposal  was  rejected.  Portuguese  touched  Eosa  on  the  forehead  where  the  wen 
•istians  have  bare  toleration,  while  Gospel  work  was.  She  immediately  was  very  joj'ful  to 
country  places  is  well  nigh  impossible,  with  know  that  some  of  the  Gilberts  were  there 
ssts  and  magistrates  to  interfere.  iThen  her  sister  made  signs  that  there 


rere 


timore,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.     By  ; 

3S  it  has  issued  it  appears  that  its  attention  has ! 

n  principally  directed  to  Arbitration,  Compul-  bandkt 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIFTH  MONTH  17,  1884. 


vVe  have  received  from  a  Friend  of  Sewick- 
Meeting  the  following  obituary  notice: — 
Died,  on  4th  mo.  20th,  1884,  at  her  resi- 
ice  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa.,  Eosanna 
Grew,  at  an  advanced  age.  Although  a 
ite  all  ber  life,  and  also  blind  a  great  portion 
it,  it  is  believed  she  was  not  without  an 
jreciation  of  a  future  state,  and  by  her  ex- 
re  gestures  told  that  she  '  was  going  to 
ike  hands  with  those  who  had  gone  be- 
e.'" 

ihe  was  a  member  of  Sewickly  Meeting,  a 
tnch  of  Bedstone  Quarterly  Meeting  in 
BStern  Pennsylvania,  which  has  now  been 


house,  and    that   they  could    not    deceive    her,  ".number    and  the  crew,  wen-  ;:;vj    .      J tne  vesse    was 

„         ,  '    ,                              J  ..    ,      .      .,       ,                 .,.  12  years  old,  and    valued   at  $126,000.     lioth   null  and 

for  she  knew  every  article  in  the  house  either  ^  are  a  'otal  loS3> 

by  feeling  or  smell.  j     Tne  Marine  National  Bank  of  New  York  city  sus- 

The  sister  communicated   to   Eosa  the  re-  pended  on  the  5th  instant,  and  soon  afterwards  the  sus- 

marks  of  the  visitors.   She  seemed  very  tender  pension  of  the  brokers'  firm  of  Grant  &  Ward  was  an- 

and  loving,  and  her  sister  said  she  understood  nounced.     The  bank   was  unable  to  give  security  tor 


(j   $500,000    to    the  Cleari 


debtor  to  that 


nd  the  brokers'  firm  is  said  to 


what  had  been  said.  "  Eosa  said  we  w 

friends,  like  Benjamin   Gilbert's  father.     She  have" been  indebted  to' the  bank  to  the  extent  of  $500,- 

had  a  hi<>-h  esteem  for  him.    We  talked  about  000  to  si.iiiii, Its  capital  is  $400,000,  and  it  owes 

it  after  we  left,  and  thought  it  was  good  for  about  $5,0110,000  to  depositors.  Among  its  deposits  are 
us  to  be  there  and  that  we  had  many  things  g;^b.tt*g  £  To^^^^T, 
to  be  thankful  for,  after  seeing  a  person  that  of  Gnint  A  Ward  is  a  bad  one,  and  is  ascribed  to  the 
could  neither  see,  hear  nor  speak,  and  yet  speculations  of  Ferdinand  Ward,  one  of  the  firm.  Gen- 
seemed  to  have  reason,  human  feeling  and  re-eral  Grant's  sons,  Ulysses  S.  and  Frederick  Grant,  are 
ligio.US  understanding."  I  also  partners.     General  Grant  is  a  special  partner,  and 

^The  case  of  these'Sewickly  Friends  is  in    -*££*.  havej  ost  nea^al.  ^^  The 
teresttng,  from  the  illustration  it  furnishes  ot  Bank_  r 

the  manner  in  which  the  intellectual  powers  'xhe  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  on  the  12th,  re- 
find  expression  in  those  who  are  deprived  of  ceived  a  letter  from  Scriba,  the  Examiner  in  charge  of 


328 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  Marine  National  Bank  of  New  York,  saying  that 
the  bank  is  insolvent,  and  should  be  placed  in  the  hands 
of  a  receiver.  A  receiver  will  be  appointed  by  the 
Comptroller  as  soon  as  the  report  of  the  Examiner  is 
received.  The  Examiner  expresses  the  opinion  that 
the  depositors  will  receive  from  75  to  80  per  cent,  of 
their  deposits,  "  and  that  in  case  the  estates  of  Mr.  Fish 
and  Grant  and  Ward  are  profitably  managed,  the  de- 
positors may  be  paid  in  full."  This  statement  is,  natur- 
ally, regarded  at  the  Comptroller's  olBce  "as  a  clear 
indication  that  the  capital,  surplus  and  earnings  of  the 
bank  are  gone." 

The  Alert,  the  third  and  last  vessel  of  the  Greely 
search  expedition,  sailed  from  New  York  on  Seventh- 
day  last,  the  10th  instant,  for  St.  Johns. 

The  Senate  of  New  York,  on  the  9th  instant,  passed 
a  bill  for  the  suppression  of  newspapers  that  publish 
"scurrilous  police  news  and  pictures." 

The  State  crop  report  of  Michigan  for  Fifth  month 
says:  "  Wheat  on  sandy  soil  looks  fairly  well.  On  clay 
land  and  hills,  especially  northern  slopes,  the  crop  is 
badly  injured.  Estimates  show  the  condition  of  the 
crop' in  the  southern  four  tiers  of  counties  to  be  87  per 
cent.,  and  in  the  counties  north  of  the  southern  four 
tiers  97  per  cent,  of  the  condition  one  year  ago.  Two 
per  cent,  of  the  acreage  seeded  to  wheat  will  be  plowed 
up.  Clover  is  98  per  cent,  of  the  condition  5th  mo.  1st, 
1883.  It  is  probable  that  the  wool  clip  per  head  will 
be  much  below  the  usual  average.  Apples  promise  91 
per  cent.,  and  peaches  50  per  cent,  of  an  average  crop." 

The  States  of  large  production  make  the  following 
averages,  100  representing  not  an  average  condition, 
hut  a  full  stand  of  healthy  plants  of  medium  growth: 
New  York,  97  ;  Pennsylvania,  9S  ;  Kentucky,  99  ;  Ohio, 
85;  Michigan,  85;  Indiana,  85;  Illinois,  87;  Missouri, 
91;  Kansas,  103;  and  California,  95. 

Many  plantations  below  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  are 
under  water,  and  stock  upon  them  is  being  removed. 
Much  injury  has  been  caused  by  Hoods  in  the  lower 
Mississippi. 

Rich  phosphate  beds  have  been  discovered  in  the 
agricultural  sections  of  Alabama,  principally  in  Au- 
tauga county. 

A  carload  of  20,000  pounds  of  fresh  salmon  was  ship- 
ped on  Sixth-day  night  the  9th  instant,  from  Dallas, 
Oregon,  to  New  York.  It  is  the  first  shipment  to  New 
York  from  that  State,  and  the  company  guarantee  that 
the  time  occupied  in  transit  will  not  exceed  nine  days. 

Trouble  in  the  Choctaw  Nation,  in  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, is  feared  in  consequence  of  a  law  recently  enacted 
by  the  National  Council,  providing  that  all  criminals 
shall  be  removed  to  a  consolidated  Court  remote  from 
the  point  where  the  crimes  are  committed.  It  is  said 
that  there  exists  a  secret  society  of  full-blooded  Choc- 
taws  who  are  sworn  to  protect  each  other,  and  they  are 
bitterly  opposed  to  the  law.  An  outbreak  among  them 
being  expected,  militia  have  been  stationed  at  different 
points. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  317, 
which  was  17  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
7  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  53  died  of  consumption  ;  30  of 
heart  diseases ;  28  of  pneumonia;  17  of  marasmus;  lb' 
of  scarlet  fever;  16  of  meningitis  ;  13  of  old  age;  11  of 
diphtheria  ;  10  of  convulsions,  and  10  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c. — U.  S.  4£'s,  registered,  112};  coupon, 
113|;  4's,  123};  3's,  10U;  currency  b"s,  129  a  138. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12g  a  12g  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8}  a  8J  cts.  for  export, 
and  9}  a  9jj  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  without  essen- 
tial change.  Sales  of  1000  barrels,  including  Minnesota 
extras,  at  $4.50  a  $5.75;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50 
a  $4.75;  western  do.  at  $4.75  a  $5.75,  and  patents  at 
115.75  a  $6.50.  Kye  Hour  was  steady  at  .s:;.5o  a  $3.02£ 
per  barrel.     Winter  bran,  $17  a  *17.50  per  ton. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  unsettled  and  lower.  About  6500 
bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  JS1.15  a 
$1.16;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.17;  No.  2  at  $1,044  a  $1.15  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at 
9GJ.  cts.  per  bushel,  and  15,000  bush.  No.  2  red  at  $1.03 
a$1.06  5th  mo.,  $1.05$  a  $1.06  6th  mo.,  $1.04  a  $1,044 
7th  mo  ,  and  $1.03  a  $1.04  8th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots 
were  easier:  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  62  a  64  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  61  a  63  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  25,000  bushels  sail  mixed 
at  01  a  62  cts.  5th  mo.,  61  a  62  cts.  6th  mo.,  61 J  a  62  cts. 
7th  rao.,  and  62|  a  63J.  cts.  8th  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots 
were  firm  :  10,500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  38  a  41£  cts. 
per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  30,000  bushels 
No.  2  white  at  40  a  41  cts.  5th  mo.,  41  a  41£  cts.  6th 
mo.,  41 A  a  41f  cts.  7th  mo.,  aud  38  a  40  cts.  8th  mo 


Kye  sells  in  lots  at  72  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hav  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  5th 
mo.  10th,  1834.- Loads  of  hay,  203;  loads  of  straw,  32. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothv,  $1.05  a 
SI. 15  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  95  cts.  a  $1.05  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  $1  a  §1.10  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  demand  this  week  and  prices 
were  steady  :  3100  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  5  a  7  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  in  demand  and  prices  were  a  fraction 
higher:  6000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  4  a  8  cts.  for  wool  sheep,  and  4  a  6|  cts.  for 
clipped.     Lambs  sell  at  $3  a  $7  per  head  as  to  condi- 

Hogs  were  in  demand  and  prices  were  firmer:  4500 
head  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  8  a  8J  cU.  per  pound. 

Foreign. — Lord  Randolph  Churchill  has  withdrawn 
from  the  Conservative  Association  under  the  following 
circumstances  :  Churchill,  after  having  become  Chair- 
man of  the  Conservative  Union  Association,  slighted 
and  ignored  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury's  Central  Con- 
servative Committee.  He  claimed  that  the  Council  of, 
the  Union  had  control  of  the  entire  Conservative  party, 
and  that  it  had  in  fact  become  a  caucus.  He  appointed 
an  executive  Committee  consisting  of  himself,  Gorst 

d  Sir  Henry  Drummond  Wolff.  The  Association, 
however,  adopted  a  resolution  that  the  Council  and  the 
Central  Committee  should  work  in  harmony.  Churchill, 
looking  upon  this  action  as  a  vote  of  censure,  retired 
from  further  connection  with  the  Association.  The 
correspondence  between  Churchill  and  Lord  Salisbury 
is  so  acrimonious  that  reconciliation  of  the  two  leaders 
is  entirely  improbable. 

In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  12th  instant,  Sir 
Michael  Hicks-Beach,  Conservative  member  for  East 
Gloucestershire,  moved  again  his  motion  of  the  2nd 
instant,  that  the  House  regrets  that  the  course  of  the 
Government  has  not  tended  to  promote  the  success  of 
General  Gordon's  mission,  and  that  steps  to  secure  his 
personal  safety  have  been  delayed.  W.  E.  Gladstone  in 
reply  denied  that  the  Government  had  deserted  General 
Gordon.  In  the  course  of  his  remarks  the  Prime  Minis- 
ter said  :  "  I  have  a  duty  to  General  Gordon  and  a 
duty  to  the  country.  Both  will  be  performed  despite 
the  scoff  of  the  honorable  gentleman  at  the  climatic 
danger  and  difficulty.  It  may  be  the  duty  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  plant  a  British  Hag  in  that  terrible  country, 
but  the  Government  declines  to  be  driven  on  without 
considering  the  blood,  the  honor  and  the  treasure  of 
England.  And  the  Government  also  declines  to  enter 
upon  a  vast  scheme  of  conquest  to  please  a  captious 
opposition." 

On  the  6th  inst.,  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Henry 
Broadhurst  introduced  a  bill  providing  for  marriage 
with  the  deceased  wife's  sister,  which  was  carried  by  a 
vote  of  238  to  127. 

Judah  P.  Benjamin,  formerly  a.  cabinet  officer  in  the 
Southern  Confederacy,  deceased  in  London,  5th  mo.  8th. 

The  duration  of  life  in  England  is  on  the  increase. 
Men's  lives  are  prolonged  two  and  women's  three  and 
one-third  years  beyond  the  limit  of  thirty-five  years 
ago.  The  change  is  ascribed  to  various  causes,  promi- 
nent among  which  are  the  influence  of  the  Public  Health 
act,  the  progress  of  the  temperance  movement  and  the 
diminishing  virulence  of  epidemics. 

Official  advices  received  in  London,  tend  to  confirm 
reports  that  the  garrison  and  inhabitants  of  Berber 
have  accepted  favorable  conditions  offered  by  El  Mahdi. 

Advices  have  been  received  in  Cairo,  showing  that  El 
Mahdi  has  sent  envoys  to  Osman  Digna  directing  him 
to  capture  Dongola  and  then  march  to  Upper  Egypt. 
It  is  impossible  to  collect  the  revenue  in  Upper  Egypt. 
The  Government  has  consented  to  accept  the  taxes  in 
kind,  and  will  negotiate  a  loan  on  the  amount  thereby 
realized. 

The  preparations  for  the  relief  expedition  to  Khar- 
toum are  being  accelerated  with  new  vigor.  It  is  now 
decided  that  the  expedition  will  start  in  7lh  mo.  The 
strength  of  the  force  has  not  yet  been  determined,  but 
will  probably  number  8000  men,  including  the  Indian 
contingent.  The  Intelligence  Department  of  the  War 
Office  has  instructed  the  authorities  at  Cairo  to  send 
survey  officers  to  report  upon  the  relative  advantages 
of  the  routes  by  way  ol'Suakim  and  by  way  of  Massowah. 
From  this  it  is  supposed  that  there  will  be  two  lines  of 
operation  ;  that  the  main  expedition  will  proceed  up 
the  Nile  and  the  other  by  the  Red  Sea.  A  camel 
station  has  been  established  at  Assouan,  and  camels 
are  being  collected  in  large  numbers.  The  committee 
at  Cairo  has  been  intrusted  with  the  storage  of  water 
for  the  desert  routes. 

The  negotiations  between  Waddington,  French  Minis- 
ter to  London,  and  Earl  Granville,  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  concerning  the  proposed  Egyptian  conference, 


are  reaching  a  friendly  conclusion.  Tiie  fears  th 
France  would  refuse  to  take  part  in  the  conference  ri 
longer  exist.  Italy  is  desirous  of  occupying  a  leadic 
position  in  the  approaching  conference.  All  the  Powe 
with  the  exception  of  England  and  France  favor  thi 
Indeed,  Austria  and  Germany  wish  to  place  Italy  on 
perfect  equality  with  France  in  the  discussion  of  a 
Egyptian  questions. 

Late  despatches  confirm  the  previous  report  of  tl 
signing  of  the  Franco-Chinese  treaty.  It  is  stipulate! 
in  one  clause,  that  China  shall  at  once  withdraw  hi 
troops  from  Tonquin.  The  treaty  had  already  bee 
ratified  at  Pekin  before  the  signatures  were  affixed. 

The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  says  that  the  Franco-China 
treaty  of  peace  cedes  to  France  more  than  France  evf 
claimed.  The  Gazette  pronounces  this  serious  news 
true,  and  says  it  is  difficult  to  understand  why  Li  Hun 
Chang,  who  has  been  disgraced,  should  sign  the  treat; 
"  If  the  news  shall  be  confirmed,"  it  says  furthe 
"  Prime  Minister  Ferry  will  be  much  stronger,  an 
will  be  able  by  his  energy  to  regain  the  position  one 
held  by  France  in  Egypt." 

The  Paris  official  journal  publishes  the  text  of  tl) 
Franco-Chinese  Convention.  China  engages  to  recoj 
nize  the  present  and  any  future  treaties  that  may  t 
made  between  France  and  Ann am.  In  view  of  til 
conciliatory  attitude  taken  by  China  and  the  patrioti 
wisdom  of  Li  Hung  Chang,  France  abandons  all  clail 
to  indemnity  for  losses  during  the  troubles  between  tfc 
two  nations.  China  consents  to  freedom  of  trade  bf 
tween  Annam,  France  and  China,  for  the  establishmet 
of  which  a  treaty  of  commerce  will  shortly  be  conclude! 

The  French  revenue  returns  for  the  4th  month  sho 
a  decrease  of  6,500,000  francs  below  the  estimate.  1 
view  of  the  constant  deficits,  the  several  budget  con 
mittees  have  under  consideration  propositions  for  sel 
ing  the  State  railways. 

The  long  contemplated  retirement  of  Prince  Bii 
marck  from  the  Prussian  Ministry  has  finally  receive 
the  consent  of  the  Emperor.  On  the  12th  instant, 
vote  was  taken  in  the  Reichstag  on  the  Anti-Sociali 
law,  and  it  was  adopted. 

The  Russian  Commission  appointed  to  prepare 
scheme  for  the  government  of  Turkestan  recommenc 
that  two  governments  be  established  in  that  countr; 
It  proposes  that  the  administrative  centres  be  Tashken 
and  Marghilan.  The  delegates  of  the  Chinese  Goven 
ment  have  arrived  at  Tashkend  on  their  way  to  Mar]i 
hilan,  to  sign  the  protocol  fixing  the  boundaries  bi 
tween  the  Russian  possessions  at  Kashgar. 

Indian  troubles  are  again  feared  in  the  British  Nortl 
west  Territory.  Ninety  lodges  of  Indians  have  left  tl 
Reserve  and  refuse  to  return.  Their  chief,  Piapot,  h. 
presented  their  grievances  to  the  Dominion  agent,  an 
stated  that  they  are  afraid  to  remain  on  the  Reserv 
five  adults  and  six  children  having  died  there  in  or 
week,  from  starvation.  The  trouble  is  ascribed  to  tl 
dishonesty  of  officials. 

The  Friend  whose  gossamer  cloak  was  taken  by  mi 
take  from  the  side  bench  of  Sixth  St.  meeting-hous 
after  meeting  on  Fifth-day  of  Yearly  Meeting  week,  ma 
have  the  mistake  rectified  by  calling  at  304  Arch  St. . 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDRE 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  i 
working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  whe 
out  of  school.  Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  I 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,.325  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankfard,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  1 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  I 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  anv  of  the  Board 
Managers. 


Died,  at  her  residence  in  New  Garden,  Pa  ,  10th  m 
11th,  1883,  Mary  Ann  Chambers,  in  the  72nd  ye: 
of  her  age,  an  esteemed  member  of  New  Garden  Monti 
ly  Meeting  of  Friends.  This  beloved  Friend  was  d 
voted  to  the  cause  of  truth,  endowed  with  meekne 
and  humility.  Throughout  the  years  of  weakness  BI 
suffering  which  were  her  portion,  she  was  an  examp 
of  Christian  patience  and  resignation  to  the  Divine  wil 
"  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart  for  they  shall  see  God 

,  1st  mo.  21st,  1884,  at   Wilmington,  Delawar 

Elizabeth  H.  Richards,  in  the  85th  year  of  her  ag 
an  esteemed  member  of  Wilmington  Monthly  Meetin 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  FIFTH  MONTH  24,  1SS4. 


NO.    4  2. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in    advance,   62.00  per  annum. 

merits  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

.T   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  fur  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "  The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  321.) 

"'  1S09,  9th  month  20th.     In  the  afternoon, 

came  to  our  house.    He  appears  to  be 

n  honest-hearted  man,  and  sincere  in  what 
e  does  and  what  he  saj-.s ;  but  his  mind 
sems  to  me  to  be  under  the  dominion  of 
rroneous  opinions,  taken  from  others,  ami 
ilse  notions  of  his  own.  We  had  much  eon- 
ersation  on  the  subject  of  religion  in  general; 
ut  particularly  on  the  annihilation  of  the 
ricked.  He  said  much  in  defence,  but  not  to 
ly  satisfaction,  having  no  sufficient  authority 
Dr  such  a  position  ;  there  appearing  no  fonn- 
ation  for  it  in  truth  ;  an  invention  of  the 
arnal  mind,  which  is  not  subject  to  the  law 
f  God,  neither  indeed  can  be;  probably  in- 
ended  to  elude  the  justice  and  righteous 
idgments  of  the  Judge  of  all  the  earth  ;  a 
transformation  of  Satan  to  turn  the  grace  of 
rod  into  wantonness,  and  subvert  the  doctrine 
f  the  cross  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Some  there  are  among  the  carnal  reasoners 
1  that  wisdom  which  knows  not  God — for 
he  world  by  wisdom  knows  Him  not — who 
resumptuously  hold  to  universal  redemp- 
ion,  without  any  regard  to  the  deeds  done  in 
he  body,  which  is  contrary  to  Scripture  tes- 
imony,  and  destroying  the  responsibility  of 
he  soul.  Some  hold  the  doctrine  of  uncon- 
itional  election,  without  regard  to  man  as  an 
gent  endued  with  a  capacity  to  choose  for 
timself.  What  an  absurdity,  for  reflecting 
,nd  dependent  creatures,  furnished  with  ea- 
tacities  to  feel  their  condition  as  moral  agents, 
o  discriminate  between  right  and  wrong,  and 
o  distinguish  between  their  efforts  through 
he  medium  of  that  principle  of  Light  which 
vas  from  the  beginning,  and  is  the  Light  of 
he  world  and  the  Life  of  men,  to  suppose 
hat  the  Heavenly  Father,  whose  mercy  is 
iver  all  his  works,  and  is  long-suffering 
o wards  us;  not  willing  that  any  should  perish, 
»ut  that  all  should  come  to  repentance,  and 

0  the  saving  knowledge  of  his  truth  ;  hath, 
>y  an  absolute  decree  from  all  eternity,  elected 

1  small  part  of  his  rational  creation,  brought 
nto  existence  without  any  agency  of  theirs, 
o  eternal  salvation ;  but  far  the  greatest  part 
if  the  same  species  of  the  same  blood,  formed 
>y  the  same  hand,  and  with  the  same  capa- 
iities  to  seek  Him,  if  haply  they  may  feel 
tfter  Him  and  find  Him,  who  is  not  far  from 


every  one  of  them,  consigned  and  predesti- 
nated by  an  inevitable  decree,  and  without 
regard  to  any  act  of  disobedience  in  them,  to 
endless  misery  and  woe. 

What  an  arbitrary  being  is  hereby  made  of 
a  merciful  Creator!  merely  because  He  had 
power  to  create  beings  of  moral  obligations, 
amenable  to  Him,  and  bring  them  into  exist- 
ence ;  an  act  in  which  they  could  have  no 
possible  agency,  and  t< >  which  they  could  not, 
as  they  had  not  power,  consent;  and  thus  or- 
dain them  by  an  unconditional  and  positive 
decree,  without  regard  to  any  transgression 
on  their  part  against  Him  !  an  error  too  gross 
to  be  admitted  in  the  creed  of  a  Christian. 
O,  lamentable  circumstance,  that  such  pal- 
pable errors  should  have  found  the  way  into 
the  minds,  so  as  to  have  place  with  the  pro- 
fessed followers  of  Him  who  came  not  to  de- 
stroy men  but  to  save  tbem — to  seek  and  to 
save  that  which  was  lost. 

Behold  the  effects  of  carnally  reasoning 
about  religion  !  Others  hold  that  to  avert  the 
judgments  of  God,  one  class  of  his  creatures, 
accountable  for  every  act  of  their  lives,  deny 
Him  his  divine  prerogative  in  punishing  any 
part  of  his  intelligent  and  accountable  crea- 
tures for  transgression,  or  for  counteracting 
his  commands;  others  allow  the  Almighty 
the  liberty  to  punish  for  transgression,  a  cer- 
tain limited  time  ;  but  say  there  will  be  a  final 
restitution  of  all  things  without  regard  to  any 
good  thing  done  by  them  in  this  probationary 
state.  All  are  confident  of  their  assertions, 
as  if  all  were  sure  they  were  right.  What  a 
stumbling  to  the  mind  of  an  enquiring  heathen 
or  Indian  must  such  contradictions  and  con- 
troversy prove!  They  have  powers  of  mind 
to  enquire,  and  discernment  to  discover  the 
right  and  the  wrong  in  such  points  of  con- 
troversy as  well  as  they  know  that  two  and 
two  are  four. 

Many  and  bitter  have  been  and  remain  to 
be  the  disputes  between  Christian  denomina- 
tions about  the  Eucharist,  so-called, — one  con- 
tending for  Consubstantiation,  and  another 
forTransubstantiation,  with  energy  and  eager- 
ness, as  if  the  salvation  of  all  were  at  stake,  and 
depending  on  the  turning  point.  And  in  the 
contentions  of  the  present  time,  a  great  deal 
of  fervor  is  raised  and  some  heat  of  passions 
shown  between  parties  differing.  Whereas 
true  Christian  experience  upon  simple  prac- 
tical principles  does,  and  may  abundantly 
evince,  that  the  salvation  of  souls  immortal 
is  not  depending  either  on  a  belief  in,  or  the 
use  of  either  of  them.  But  as  respects  Chris 
tian  redemption,  they  stand  very  nearly  where 
Paul  the  apostle  placed  circumcision  under 
the  Gospel,  when  he  said  :  "  It  is  neither  cir- 
cumcision nor  uncircumcision  that  availeth 
anything,  but  a  new  creature,— or  faith  which 
works  by  love."  So  as  regards  these  two 
points,  about  which  there  has  been  so  much 
suffering  and  contention,  we  may  say,  as  they 
relate  to  the  dispensation  of  the  gospel,  and 
the  work  of  the  soul's  redemption  from  sin, 


and  reconciliation  to  God,  consubstantiaticn 
nor  transubstantiation  availeth  anything, — 
but  a  new  creature,  or  faith  which  worketh 
by  love.  The  kingdom  of  God  eomeih  not 
by  outward  observation,  neither  does  it  con- 
sist in  meats  or  in  drinks,  but  in  righteous- 
ness, and  peace,  and  joy  in  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Schemes  are  variously  sought  out  to  limit 
the  Holy  One  of  Israel.  But  where  is  the 
foundation  fur  any  such  invention,  in  that 
wisdom  which  is  from  above,  and  which  gives 
to  God,  the  supreme  ruler  of  the  universe,  all 
his  attributes  ! 

Sects  divide  and  subdivide  again.  Each 
party  bringing  in  Scripture  for  their  criterion, 
and  to  the  support  of  their  various  systems. 
While  experience  teaches  that  it  is  through 
many  tribulations  that  any  soul  can  enter 
into  that  kingdom,  where  the  wicked  cease 
from  troubling,  and  the  wearied  shall  forever 
be  at  rest.  According  to  the  doctrine  of  the 
Divine  Master;  "Ye  shall,  indeed,  drink  of 
the  cup  that  I  drink  of,  and  be  baptized  with 
the  baptism  that  I  am  baptized  with."  We 
must  suffer  with  Him  unto  death,  if  we  would 
rise  and  ascend  with  Him  into  life  and  glory. 
It  is  not  every  one  that  crieth  Lord,  Lord, 
but  those  only  who  do  the  divine  will  by 
obeying  his  commands,  that  are  accepted  of 
Him.  With  Him,  there  is  no  respect  of  per- 
sons, but  in  every  nation,  tongue  and  people, 
ho  that  worketh  righteousness  will  be  accept- 
ed with  Him — Barbarian,  Scythian,  Jew  and 
Greek,  male  and  female,  bond  and  free — He 
is  God  ever  all,  and  rich  in  mercy  unto  all 
who  call  upon  Him  in  sincerity. 

This  hath  been  the  way  of  God  with  man, 
and  the  way  of  man  with  God  in  the  work  of 
the  soul's  redemption,  from  the  earliest  ages 
in  the  fall  of  man— from  the  time  of  the  pro- 
mise that  the  "seed  of  the  woman  should 
bruise  the  serpent's  head."  "  In  the  sweat  of 
thy  face  shalt  thou  eat  thy  bread,"  implies 
that  as  the  comforts  and  enjoyments,  which 
give  life,  vigor  and  animation  to  the  body,  are 
to  be  attained  by  labor  and  toil ;  so  the  bread 
of  God  which  cometh  down  from  Heaven,  by 
which  the  soul  is  nourished  up  unto  everlast- 
ing life,  is  depending  on  our  every  day's  exer- 
cise, "Give  us  day  by  day  our  daily  bread." 
And  to  the  faithful  soul  it  is  meat  and  drink 
to  do  the  will  of  the  Heavenly  Father." 

(To  be  continued.) 


None  can  be  a  minister  of  Christ  Jesus  but 
in  the  eternal  Spirit,  which  was  before  the 
Scriptures  were  given  forth  ;  for  if  they  have 
not  bis  Spirit,  they  are  none  of  his.  Though 
they  may  have  his  light,  them  that  hate  it, 
yet  they  can  never  bring  any  into  unity  and 
fellowship  in  the  Spirit  except  they  be  in  it. 
—  George  Fox. 

"The  heights  of  earthly  promotion  and 
glory  lift  us  no  whit  nearer  Heaven.  It  is^ 
easier  to  step  there  from  the  lowly  vale  of 
humiliation  and  sorrow." 


330 


THE    FRIEND. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  No n- Accord 'ancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  322.) 

Eegarding  Colonial  and  State  action,  it  may 
servetbe  purpose  of  showing  the  laxity  now 
prevailing  with  respect  to  the  theatre,  if  the 
legal  measures  early  taken  against  it  in  Penn- 
sylvania only,  be  cited.  By  the  Great  Law, 
as  it  was  called,  passed  the  year  that  Penn 
first  came  to  his  Province  (1082,)  it  was  pro- 
vided that  "  whosoever  shall  introduce  into 
the  Province,  or  frequent,  such  rude  and 
riotous  sports  as  Prizes,  Stage-plays,  Masques, 
Revels,  Bull-baiting,  Cock-fightings,  with  such 
like,  being  convicted  thereof,  shall  be  reported 
and  fined  as  breakers  of  the  peace,  and  surfer 
at  least  ten  day's  imprisonment  at  hard  labor 
in  the  House  of  Correction,  or  forfeit  twenty 
shillings." 

This  act  was  probably  repealed  by  the 
Queen  in  Council  prior  to  1700,  for  in  that 
year  the  colonists  re-enacted  it.  It  was,  not- 
withstanding, annulled  by  the  royal  Council, 
but  re-enacted  with  righteous  pertinacity  by 
the  Quaker  assembly,  the  same  year.  In 
1709  the  Queen's  Council  again  repealed  it; 
the  Assembly,  undaunted,  again  enacted  it 
the  following  year,  only  to  be  met  by  a  further 
repeal  three  years'  later.  Nevertheless,  the 
moral  sentiment  of  the  Philadelphia  commu- 
nity was  so  strongly  opposed  to  theatres,  that 
it  was  not  until  1749  that  the  first  theatrical 
performances  were  given,  and  those  were  by 
an  English  company.  Tbeir  unlawful  pro- 
cedure coming  to  the  knowledge  of  the  city 
authorities,  the  company  was  soon  frightened 
off,  and  went  to  New  York.  In  1759,  a  per- 
manent theatre  was  built,*  to  the  great  scan- 
dal of  various  congregations,  who  forthwith 
petitioned  the  Assembly,  and  in  the  same  year 
("  where  there's  a  will,  there  's  a  way)  an  act 
was  passed  which  made  it  an  indictable  of- 
fence, punishable  by  a  tine  of  five  hundred 
pounds,  to  erect  any  play-house,  theatre, 
stage,  or  scaffold,  for  "acting  or  exhibiting 
any  tragedy,  comedy,  or  tragic-comedy,  farce, 
interlude,  or  other  "play,"  or  to  be  concerned 
in  acting  or  exhibiting  any  such  tragedy,  &c. 
This  act  was  likewise  repealed  by  the  king  in 
council  the  next  year,  only  to  be  re-enacted 
in  the  act  of  1779,  "  for  the  suppression  of 
vice  and  immorality."  It  is  evident  that  the 
just  sentiment  of  the  community  at  large  (and 
not  that  of  the  Friends  only)  was  opposed  to 
the  play-house,  as  being  a  prime  promoter  of 
social  debasement,  for  the  Friends  of  the 
period  of  the  Revolution  were  unrepresented 
in  the  Assembly  by  which  this  prohibitory 
law  was  enacted. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  play-houses,  even 
those  of  the  vilest  description,  are  everywhere 
allowed  and  licensed  in  our  towns  and  cities, 
and  that  it  would  lie  in  vain  to  look  now  for 
any  municipal  or  State  action,  such  as  above 
detailed,  there  is  something  pathetic  in  the 
pertinacity  with  which  this  community  strove 
again  and  again  to  turn  aside — to  keep  away 
— that  leprous  invader,  which  the  mother 
country,  like  an  unnatural  parent,  endeavored 
with  an  unrelenting  persistency  to  fasten  upon 
it.  What  were  the  stamp  act  and  the  tax 
upon  tea,  as  absolute  grievances,  to  this  ?  The 

*  The  first  regular  play-house  in  the  colonies  appears 
to  have  been  set  up  at  Williamsburg,  in  Virginia,  only 
seven  years  before  (1752.) 


tax  might  be  lowered,  or,  by  continuous,  em- 
phatic, and  dignified  protest,  be  eventually 
done  away  with  ;  but,  as  for  this  canker  of 
the  play-house,  assured  were  those  old-time 
people  that,  did  it  once  find  legalized  place, 
the  leaven  of  its  sorcery  would  so  work  in  the 
community,  that,  first  a  tolerating,  then  an 
altogether  favoring  public  opinion  would  be 
created,  so  that  its  ultimate  dislodgment  would 
be  exceedingly  improbable.  Yes,  it  is  here 
now,  apparently  more  strongly  entrenched, 
growing  year  by  j-ear  more  corrupt  and  vile, 
whilst  the  measure  of  the  woe  that  it  brings, 
who  can  fathom  ? 

Such  large  and  continuous  accessions  to  our 
population  come  to  us  from  Europe — where 
(except  in  Great  Britain)  the  theatres  in  the 
cities  are  far  more  thronged  than  are  the 
church-edifices  on  the  first  day  of  the  week — 
that,  one  after  another,  our  American  muni- 
cipalities are  succumbing  to  this  ensnaring 
custom  which  obtains  abroad.  There  may  be 
instruction  for  us  in  taking  a  look  at  the  cus- 
toms prevalent  on  thecontinent  of  Europe,  but 
I  will  instance  only  the  city  of  Berlin,  giving 
the  concurrent  testimony  of  two  witnesses 
which  happen  to  be  at  hand.  One  of  these, 
an  observant  American  resident,  writes  thus1 
to  Friends'  Review*  Having  shown  how 
lightly  esteemed  is  a  da}'  of  rest  and  religious' 
observance  on  the  part  of  the  people  gener-| 
ally — for  he  estimates  that  onlj-  about  25,000 
population  of  a  million  frequent  the  places 
of  worship — he  proceeds  : 

"The  principal  streets  and  parks  swarm' 
with  human  life,  and  picnic  wagons,  carriages, 
cabs,  omnibuses  and  horse-cars  are  called  into 
utmost  use,  especially  in  the  afternoon.  Res- 
taurants and  beer-gardens  do  their  hand-1 
somest  business.  Puppet  shows,  comic  plays, 
foolish  songs  and  horse-races  satisfy— how' 
easily  and  miserably  satisfied! — the  uncul- 
tured irreligious  during  the  afternoon,  upon 
the  commons  and  sandy  fields  about  the  sub- 
lurbsof  the  Imperial  capital ;  while  brilliantly- 
lighted  music  concerts,  balls,  theatres  and 
operas  invite  the  cultured  irreligious  from  the 
entertainment  of  friends  with  dinners  and 
wines  to  closing  pleasures  of  the  great  holiday 
— which  day  the  comparatively  few  in  this 
great  [so-called]  Christian  land  feel  them- 
selves called  of  God  to  keep  as  a  holy  day. 
The  receptions  of  foreign  ministers,  diploma- 
tists and  eminent  personages  at  the  Royal 
Court  are  the  com  moncst  occurrences  of  [First- 
day]  afternoons,  and  state  dinners  and  minis-] 
terial  consultations  are  by  no  means  infre- 
quent. The  Imperial  capital  is  referred  to, 
but  not  exclusively  ;  for  other  cities  aud  towns 
imitate  Berlin  so  far  as  they  can  in  this  re- 
spect. 

"  People  who  attend  upon  worship — I  know 
such  well-intended  Christians — think  it  per- 
fectly consistent  to  spend  the  evening  at  the 
opera  or  theatre.  They  have  grown  up  with 
the  habit  and  desire  of  theatre  going,  and 
many  of  them  have  no  scruple  about  practis- 
ing it  on  [First-day]  evening,  and  tbus  clear- 
ing their  minds  of  any  serious  impressions 
they  may  have  gathered  from  the  morning 
worship.  And  unfortunately  they  can  readily 
appeal  for  defence  to  the  example  of  'our 
good  emperor.'  The  emperor  is  a  pious  man, 
no  doubt  most  people  think  so.  He  and  his 
family  usually  set  the  good  example  of  attend- 
ance on  worship  at  the  Royal  Cathedral,  and 


*  No,  18,  current  volume. 


he  is  doubtless  a  devout  worshipper  of  God.'j 
But  while  he  is  at  the  Royal  Theatre  or  Roya| 
Opera  on  [First-day]  evening,  it  may  be  wffl 
nessing  the  best  and  purest  play,  or  opera-ll 
which  is,  for  any  day,  not  exactly  commend! 
able — would  that  he  could  only  romembeij 
that  thousands  of  his  subjects,  less  informed] 
less  cultured  and  even-tempered,  less  pious] 
are  attending  the  most  disreputable  theatreij 
and  circuses.  A  great  many  of  this  poorer1 
illiterate  class  satisfy  tbeirappetites  and  basei1 
desires  at  beer  and  dancing  halls  on  this  even*, 
ing  of  the  week,  to  the  discomfort  and  gr'tei 
of  better  thinking,  religious  people." 

The  testimony  of  the  other  witness,  an 
editor  of  the  Christian  Index,  accords  witfc 
the  foregoing,  showing  us  the  undesirable] 
goal  to  which  our  American  cities  are  tending 
— to  which,  indeed,  some  ofthem  seem  to  have] 
already  attained. 

"  While  Sunday,"  says  the  narrator  in  givjij 
ing  his  own  experience,  "is  partially  observed 
until  one  o'clock,  after  that  the  day  is  given( 
up  to  business  and  every  form  of'  worldljji 
amusements  and  enjoyments.  The  stores  arefi 
thrown  open,  men  go  to  the  fields  to  rake  their 
hay,  visits  are  made  and  exchanged,  been 
saloons  are  crowded  with  both  sexes,  who  sisi 
for  hours  sipping  their  favorite  beverage,^ 
while  regaled  with  delightful  music  oramuseel 
with  comic  plays  or  gymnastic  performances 
by  travelling  actors.  Having  surfeited  them- 
selves with  eating  and  drinking,  the  younger 
part  of  the  assembly  repair  to  the  ball-room, 
and  dance  until  the  '  wee  small  hours'  oft 
Monday  morn,  then  to  a  little  repose  before* 
beginning  the  labors  of  another  day.  So  with) 
some.  Others  attend  the  theatre,  or  opera, 
whose  best  pieces  and  best  actors  are  reserved 
for  and  presented  on  Sunday.  And  these  are 
attended  by  all  classes  and  conditions  of  so- 
ciety, from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  prices 
being  arranged  to  suit  each  class  and  pocket: 
Here  are  found  those  who  were  at  church  in 
the  morning,  even  the  preacher  often  included. 
If  a  performance  of  unusual  excellence  is  toj 
take  place  in  an  adjoining  town  or  city,  special 
trains  are  run  and  crowds  go  to  Meiningen, 
for  example,  where  the  theatre  is  most  cele- 
brated. *  *  *  * 

"  The  Germans  are  a  fun-loving  people,  and 
have  numerous  '  fests'  or  festivals,  lasting 
usually  three  or  four  days,  sometimes  two  orj 
three  weeks,  always  including  a  Sundaj*.  which 
is  set  apart  as  a  'big  day.'  This  is  particu- 
larly true  of  the  'Scbutzen  fest'  (shooting 
feast).  A  large  plat  of  ground  is  owned  or 
leased  by  the  society,  and  rented  out  to  bo 
used  for  shops,  beer  saloons,  circuses,  mena- 
geries, Punch  and  Judy  exhibitions,  merry- 
go-rounds,  and  all  kinds  of  shows.  While 
these  places  are  well  attended  through  the 
week,  Sunday  is  the  great  day  when  visitors 
come  from  many  miles  around,  and  the  time 

*  Without  desiring  to  unnecessarily  except  to  the 
above  writer's  charitable  opinion  of  the  Emperor's 
piety — and  1  know  it  is  the  one  commonly  entertained, 
I  would  yet  interpose  here  the  plea  of  Isaiah,  when  he 
cried  (iii.  12):  "O  my  people,  they  which  lead  thee  cause 
thee  to  err,  and  destroy  the  way  of  thy  paths."  Reit- 
erating the  charge,  he  says  again  (ix.  16):  "For  the 
leaders  of  this  people  cause  them  to  err  ;  and  they  that 
are  led  of  them  are  destroyed."  The  foremost  political 
representative  of  Protestantism  in  Germany,  in  thus 
habitually  frequenting  the  play-house  on  that  day  of 
the  week  commonly  set.  apart  for  rest  and  religions  ob- 
servance, contemns  before  all  the  people  that  unassail- 
able rule  for  the  guidance  of  Christians  of  whatever  de- 
gree— that  they  "  live  soberly,  righteously,  and  godly." 


THE    FRIEND. 


331 


s  spent,  in  indescribable  hilarity  and  excite- 
ment. I  remember  that  the  authorities  at 
>ur  Philadelphia  Exposition  would  not  per- 
nit  the  doors  to  be  opened  on  Sunday.  At 
be  great  exposition  at  Nuremberg,  lasting 
©veral  months,  and  the  largest  ever  held  in 
Germany,  Sunday  was  always  the  greatest 
jay  of  all,  when  '  the  world,  the  flesh  and  the 
tevil'  all  seemed  to  be  in  league  to  produce 
in  effect  which  would  far  eclipse  the  gorgeous 
rappery  of  Bunyan's  '  Vanity  Fair.'  " 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "The  Friend." 

risit  of  William  Kennard  to  New  York,  and 
New  England  in  1841. 

(Continued  from  page  323.) 

William  attended  most  if  not  all  the  meet- 
igs  in  Scipio  and  Butternuts  Quarters;  suf- 
sring  with  the  suffering  seed,  and  endeavor- 
ig  to  strengthen  the  weak  and  to  comfort 
he  true  mourners  in  Zion.  At  Hampton  his 
ompanion  believed  himself  clothed  with  the 
pirit  of  supplication,  but  while  waiting  for 
he  right  time  to  kneel,  the  weight  was  re- 
moved. William  said,  "  I  knew  thou  wast  in 
eep  wading,  and  waited  for  thee  till  I  felt 
hat  the  burden  was  taken  from  thy  should- 
rs."  How  instructing  and  comforting  was 
ais  fatherly  regard,  to  a  poor,  tried  and  in- 
xperienced  wayfarer. 

In  one  meeting  William  repeated  the  pas- 
fee,  "Come  with  me  from  the  top  of  Amana, 
rom  Sbenir  and  from  Hermon,  from  the  dens 
f  the  lions,  and  the  mountains  of  leopards." 
Bluded  to  the  lion-like,  ravenous  and  devour- 
ing nature  of  the  beasts  of  prey,  adding:  O, 
he  leopards!  the  cunning  leopards  !  the  lcop- 
,rds  that  have  spots!  A  member,  then  pre- 
ent,  as  we  were  afterwards  informed,  accused 
f  reproachful  conduct,  had  craftily  managed 
o  evade  the  action  of  the  discipline. 

In  N.  Hampton,  we  called  on  an  aged 
ndow,  who  had  buried  all  but  one  son  of  her 
ine  children  ;  William  was  very  sympatbcti- 
ally  drawn  out  in  expression  towards  her. 
Ihe  wept  tears  of  joy,  saying,  "  My  prayer  is 
nswered — some  friends  from  abroad  have 
ome  to  see  me."  Many  of  the  meetings 
vere  small.  Being  unwell,  no  notice  was 
;iven  at  Charleston.  After  long  and  hard 
wrestling,  a  bountiful  blessing  was  bestowed. 

Fear  not  little  flock,  it  is  the  Father's  good 
ileasure  to  give  you  the  kingdom."  He  did 
lot  always  have  notice  given,  on  usual  meet-j 
ng  days  ;  but  would  say,  "  Friends  ought  to 
ie  at  meeting,  and  if  they  do  not  come,  the j 
ault  will  be  their  own  and  I  will  be  clear."     | 

After  one  meeting  in  which  William  was 
ilent,  he  went  to  visit  an  aged,  infirm  Friend  ; 
,nd  his  companion,  to  see  a  woman  who  could, 
lot  attend  on  account  of  indisposition.  She 
inquired  about  the  meeting,  and  if  William 
lad  much  to  say  to  them.  On  being  informed 
he  meeting  was  a  silent  one,  she  appeared 
apprised  and  thoughtful;  then  exclaimed, 
;0,  how  I  would  like  to  see  that  man  !  It  is 
he  first  silent  meeting  we  have  had  for  a 
^ear.  Our  minister  is  always  preaching,  and 
iOme  of  us  do  get  so  tired." 

Feeling  now  clear  of  New  York,  we  turned 
,owards  Vermont.  Stopped  one  day  to  try 
,he  waters  of  Saratoga.  This  place  is  a  verit- 
tble  Vanity  Fair  of  fashion  and  dissipation. 
iVhile  on  our  journey  we  had  many  eomfort- 
brting  seasons  together,  in  various  kinds  of 
conveyances,  surrounded  bj-  strangers  and 
jareless  observers. 

"  Where  He  vital  breathes  there  must  be  joy." 


On  arriving  at  Lincoln,  Vermont,  his  com- 
panion was  rejoiced  to  meet  with  friends  and 
relatives;  but  this  gladness  was  soon  clouded 
in  sorrow,  on  seeing  in  "  The  Friend,"  a  notice 
of  the  death  of  Margaret  Wright,  of  Upper 
Canada,  by  drowning,  as  she  and  her  husband 
were  returning  from  Toronto,  where  tbey  had 
conveyed  some  travelling  Friends.  Subse- 
quently we  learned  that  the  horses  became 
frightened  and  backed  off  a  bridge  over  the 
Rouge.  William  Wright  sprang  out  as  the 
wagon  was  going  over,  and  soon  succeeded 
in  rescuing  Margaret,  but  life  was  extinct. 
She  was  a  lovely  and  beloved  Friend.  On 
First-day  we  had  a  refreshing  meeting.  At- 
tended Monkton  (the  home  of  Joseph  Hoag) 
and  Starksboro  Monthly  Meetings,  a  meeting 
in  Ferrisburgh,  and  Ferrisburgh  Quarterly 
Meeting,  held  a  few  miles  west  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  near  Peru,  N.  Y.  Thomas  and  Eliza- 
beth Robson,  from  England,  were  also  in  at- 
tendance. She,  very  acceptably,  hail  all  the 
service  on  both  days  of  meetings  for  worship 
— a  largely  gifted  messenger.  They  went 
southward  to  Queensbury.  We  returned  to 
Vermont,  and  had  a  favored  meeting  at  Fer- 


requested  that  the  funeral  might  be  held  in 
our  meeting-bouse,  and  his  remains  interred 
in  our  burying-ground.  The  meeting  is  ap- 
pointed at  the  usual  hour  to-morrow.  We 
were  all  feeling  so  sad  and  lonely;  but  now 
you  have  come  to  be  here  with  us.'  On  the 
following  day  there  was  a  very  large  collec- 
tion of  people,  Elizabeth  was  wonderfully 
favored  in  addressing  all  classes  and  stood  upon 
her  feet  more  than  an  hour.  It  was  a  solemn 
and  an  awakening  season.  The  little  com- 
pany of  Friends  were  strengthened  and  com- 
forted ;  and  the  work  of  the  blessed  Master 
was  accomplished.  The  next  morning  Eliza- 
beth said,  lI  think,  Friends,  we  may  now  re- 
turn to  New  York,  and  proceed  on  our  jour- 
ney.' " 

In  Coeymans  was  a  pleasant  company  of 
Friends.  Truth  abounded.  We  put  up  with 
Sarah  Hull,  in  Stanford.  She  was  the  relict 
of  Henry  Hull,  who  died  in  Stillwater,  Ohio, 
while  on  a  religious  visit.  A  son  of  her's  was 
afflicted  in  mind;  she  had  just  buried  an 
amiable  daughter,  aged  twenty  one  years. 
"Mary,"  she  said,  "  was  my  last  earthly  com- 
__  fort  and  hope,  but  I  am  resigned,  let  Him  do 
•isburgh.     William  thought  we  might  omit  as  seemeth  Him  good."    We  were  dipped  into 


Farnham,  it  was  over  eighty  miles  distant  in 
Lower  Canada. 

At  Queensbuiy  Quarterly  Meeting,  in  the 
meeting  for  worship  on  Second-day,  William 
was  lively  in  testimon}- — a  savory  silence 
overspread  us.  He  was  soon  followed  by  a 
dry    discourse    from    a    wordy  minister,  but 


very  deep  and  tender  sympathy  with  her, 
her  loneliness,  affliction  and  bereavement. 

There  was  great  anxiety  manifested  to  hear 
at  our  meeting  at  Ninepartneis,  but  William 
was  silent,  except  a  little  near  the  close.  In 
the  afternoon  both  he  and  Isaac  Thorn  ad- 
dressed the  scholars  at  the  Boarding  School. 


towards  the  close  of  the  meeting  Truth  again 'His  companion  met  in  their  teacher  a  school- 
rose  into  dominion,  and  William  appeared  mate  and  pupil,  James  Chase.  It  was  as  a 
weightily  in  supplication.  Praises  silently  j  brook  by  the  way.  He  was  a  young  man  of 
ascended  unto  Him  who  alone  giveth  the  vie-  correct  principles  and  deportment,  and  un- 
tory.  William  had  an  unusual  and  singular  swerving  integrity;  his  father  and  mother, 
service  at  Galloway,  in  which  neighborhood  uncles  and  aunts,  brothers  and  sisters,  had  all 
a  Mormon  minister,  as  we  were  told,  bad  held  died  with  that  insidious  disease  consumption. 
some  meetings.  At  one  meeting  he  bad  aJBy  care  and  diet  be  was  preserving  usual 
lively  testimony,  rebuking  those  who  pre-  health.  While  in  business  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
sumed  to  put  forth  a  hand  unbidden  to  stay  ;  his  partner  collected  funds  and  absconded.  In 
the  jostling  of  the  ark,  or  to  lay  unsanctified  his  anxiety  to  close  his  business  and  satisfy 
offerings  upon  the  altar  of  the  Lord.  He  their  creditors,  he  fell  a  victim  to  the  same 
afterwards  told  me  this  proverb  came  before 'relentless  destroyer  of  human  life, 
him,  but  it  seemed  so  pointed  he  did  not  re- j  From  this  place  we  went  to  New  York,  in 
peat  it:  "Better  is  a  poor  and  a  wise  child,  order  to  take  a  number  of  meetings  in  course 
than  an  old  and  a  foolish  king,  that  will  be  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson  river.  They 
no  more  admonished."  Most  of  the  meetings  were  small,  but  generally  satisfactory.  At 
were  small  ;  it  was  a  low  time  with  Friends  some  of  them  our  Divine  Master  was  very 
in  many  places.  One  small  meeting  in  Ver-|near  us,  granting  to  the  little  flocks  the  in- 
mont,  forty  miles  distant,  we  did  not  attend.  Jeomes  of  hislove.  Returning  to  Poughkeepsie, 
Some  of  our  friends  related  to  us  the  follow-  we  next  went  to  Cornwall  Quarter,  where  we 
ing  remarkable  occurrence:  enjoyed  a  number  of  very  refreshing  seasons 

'■  When  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Robson  were  together  with  our  dear  friends,  though  not 
there  a  short  time  before,  she  thought  they  [without  some  trials.  Returning  to  New  York 
might  omit  that  meeting;  it  would  take  three  we  met  on  the  boat  with  R,  G.  Murray,  who 
days  to  go,  hold  a  meeting,  and  return.  Theylkindly  took  us,  near  midnight,  to  his  own 
started  in  the  morning  for  the  next  meeting  j  home.  From  an  unintentional  exposure  Wil- 
in  course.  After  travelling  two  or  three  miles,  Ham  had  a  severe  chill,  and  was  sick  five  days. 
Elizabeth  laid  her  band  upon  the  shoulder  of  On  Fourth-day  meeting  he  was  silent.  We 
their  pilot,  and  asked  him  to  stop  the  horses,  called  on  a  number  of  our  acquaintances,  and 
Then  inquired  if,  after  the  time  and  distance  had  a  few  opportunities  in  the  city, 
tbey  had  lost,  it  would  be  practicable  for  them  While  in  Philadelphia  we  made  our  home 
to  reach  the  settlement  of  Friends  in  Ver-  with  Joseph  Elkinton,  an  old  friend  of  Wil- 
mont  against  night.    He  said,  by  diligence  he  [Ham's.     His  companion  bad  the  privilege  of 


thought  they  might.  'Then  thou  mayest 
turn  the  carriage:  we  will  go  and  visit  that 
little  company.'  They  arrived  rather  late  in 
the  evening.  Friends  were  overjoyed  to  see 
and  receive  them.  After  taking  some  refresh- 
ment they  said,  '  We  think  we  must  now  tell 
you  that  a  sorrowful  accident  has  occurred  in 
this  neighborhood.  A  man,  not  in  member- 
ship, was  felling  timber,  the  tree  fell  upon 
himself,  causing  his  instant  death.    His  family 


forming  an  interestingacquaintance  with  him; 
which,  as  opportunity  has  offered,  has  been 
continued  with  his  children  and  grand-chil- 
dren. Being  interested  in  the  prisons,  he 
kindly  took  him  to  Moyamensing,  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary,  and  some  of  the  benevolent  in- 
stitutions. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


Prayer  is  the  vital  breath  of  faith. 


THE    FRIEND. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  compiler  of  the  Essay  on  the  Theatre, 
now  being  printed  in  these  columns,  desires 
to  issue  said  essay — with  probably  a  few  ad- 
ditions— in  tract  or  book  form,  as  quickly  as 
may  be  after  its  completion  in  "The  Friend." 
As  considerable  interest  has  been  expressed 
in  the  treatise,  and  the  present  appears  to  be 
a  peculiarly  favorable  time  for  its  dissemina- 
tion, the  writer — who  is  willing  to  contribute 
free  of  charge  (so  far  at  least  as  our  own  mem- 
bership is  concerned)  bis  services  in  the  pre- 
paration and  distribution  of  the  little  work— 
will  be  glad  to  receive  the  pecuniary  contri- 
butions of  those  who  feel  willing  and  able  to 
give  toward  its  distribution.  It  would  seem 
desirable  to  furnish  our  public  libraries  and 
the  libraries  of  colleges,  &c,  with  copies — in 
stiff  covers — inasmuch  as  nearly  all  that  is 
written  against  the  stage  is  in  simple  tract 
form,  and  hence  does  not  find  its  way  to 
library  shelves.  For  instance,  in  the  largest 
library  of  this  city,  where  there  are  hundreds 
of  volumes  upon  the  subject  of  the  drama,  the 
writer  does  not  remember  to  have  seen — 
among  the  handful  of  works  against  the  the- 
atre— a  single  one  of  later  date  than  last 
century.  Those  interested  may  address  Josiah 
W.  Leeds,  528  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia. 


their  knees,  and  such  was  the  multitude  of 
itents  who  thronged  them  in  the  time  of 
Clement  XII.,  that  it  was  found  necessary  to 
cover  them  with  planks  of  wood,  which  have 
0  repeatedly  worn  out  and  renewed.  On 
the  day  in  question,  we  found  the  staircase 
crowded  with  penitents,  who  slowly  and  ap- 
parently painfully  ascended  on  their  knees, 
while  counting  their  beads  and  repeating 
their  prayers  the  whole  time.  The  ascent 
seemed  to  occupy  from  about  twenty  minutes 
to  half-an-hour.  Being  curious  to  know  what 
was  at  the  top,  we  looked  about,  and  discov- 
ered two  side  staircases  by  which  the  penitents 
came  down.  One  of  these  we  ascended,  and 
at  the  top  of  the  holy  staircase  we  found  a 
life-sized  figure  of  Christ  extended,  to  which 
the  penitents  crept,  while  still  remaining  on 
their  knees;  ami  which  on  reaching  they 
covered  with  kisses,  throwing  at  the  same 
time  their  contributions  upon  a  large  heap  of 
copper  coins,  which  lay  by  the  side  of  the 
figure.  For  hours  apparently,  there  was  one 
continuous  stream  of  penitents  wending  their 
way  on  their  knees  up  this  staircase,  and 
many  of  them  we  noticed  were  far  removed 
above  the  rank  of  peasant  or  workman  in 
social  life. —  The  British  Friend. 


We  have  great  instruction,  from  the  narra- 
tive in  Holy  Writ,  of  the  preparation  which 
Elijah  had  to  pass  through  on  Mount  Horeb, 
before  he  was  in  a  situation  to  discern  the 
"still  small  voice."  He  had  first  to  witness 
"  a  great  and  strong  wind  to  break  in  pieces 
the  rocks,"  as  a  figure  of  that  power  which 
alone  can  subdue  and  soften  the  rocky  and 
obdurate  nature  in  the  human  heart;  "but 
the  Lord  was  not  in  the  wind."  And  after 
the  wind,  "an  earthquake,"  another  needful 
dispensation  for  the  reduction  of  the  creature, 
and  the  shaking  and  separating  of  the  earthly 
parts  and  every  thing  in  man  that  cannot 
abide  the  day  of  the  Lord's  coming,  or  stand 
when  He  appeareth.  But  the  Lord  was  not 
in  the  earthquake  ;  and  after  the  earthquake 
the  fire  ;  that  searching,  consuming,  baptizing 
element,  the  fire  of  the  Lord,  that  consumes 
not  only  that  which  is  light  and  chaffy,  but 
also  the  dross  and  tin  and  reprobate  silver; 
that  nothing  may  remain  but  what  can  en- 
dure and  abide  the  trial,  as  pure  gold.  "  But 
the  Lord  was  not  in  the  fire;"  and  after  the 
fire,  a  "still,  small  voice."  This  ordeal  we 
must  all  pass  through,  according  to  our  mea- 
sure ;  it  is  the  great  work  of  regeneration  ; 
and  in  order  to  hear  this  "still,  small  voice," 
we  must  ourselves  be  still,  as  with  our  faces 
wrapped  in  a  mantle.  The  silence  of  all  flesh 
must  bo  attained;  the  creature  must  cease 
from  its  own  willings  and  runnings  and  striv- 
ings ;  the  holy  command  must  be  obeyed,  "B( 
still,  and  know  that  I  am  God." — Daniel 
Wheeler. 

Under  a  portico  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Basilica  of  the  Lateran  is  what  is  called  the 
Scala  Santa  or  holy  staircase,  and  here 
noticed  on  "Good  Friday"  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  spectacles  which  we  think  could 
be  seen  in  a  professedly  educated  and  civilized 
country.  The  stairs  consist  of  twenty-eight 
marble  steps,  which  tradition  says  belonged 
to  Pilate's  house  in  Jerusalem,  and  which  were 
the  identical  steps  which  Christ  descended 
when  he  loft  the  judgment  seat.  No  one  is 
allowed  to  ascend  this  staircase  except 


Origh 


SERIOUS   REFLECTIONS   ON   TRANSITORY 
DELIGHTS. 
Oil  earth  how  soon  thy  joys  are  lost ! 

They  hire  us  and  are  gone, 
Like  the  young  rosebud  in  die  frost 
That  withers  ere  'tis  blown. 

The  hopes  that  once  o'er  future  years 

Such  dazzling  halos  shed, 
All  promis'd  smiles,  but  left  me  tears 

And  heartache  when  they  fled. 

Must  youth  alone  then  hope  for  bliss, 

Whose  years  so  swiftly  lly? 
Where  shall  I  look  for  happiness 

Who  must  have  hope  or  die. 

Unpalling  pleasures  shall  I  seek 

From  smiling  scenes  below  ? 
Alas!  it  were  but  to  bespeak 

Accumulated  woe. 

No  more  may  these  my  soul  enthral, 

Whose  fleeting  date  I  see  : 
Lord,  aid  me  to  renounce  them  all 

And  stay  my  mind  on  thee. 

Hast  thou  not  said  that  ev'rv  good 

The  asking  soul  shall  share? 
Then  give  me,  give  me  gratitude, 

And  fervency  in  prayer. 
A  self-discerning  spirit  grant, 

Proud  nature's  wiles  to  see; 
To  feel  and  own  each  real  want, 

And  bring  that  want  to  thee. 
Remove  the  veil  from  ev'ry  part 

Where  Self  disgnis'd  would  live; 
And  take  the  weak  and  wav'ring  heart 

I  have  not  strength  to  give. 
And  oh  !  forbid  my  coward  will 

To  shun  thy  chast'ning  rod  : 
Say  to  my  reas'ning  mind,  "  lie  still 

And  know  that  I  am  God." 
Bid  simple  faith  and  holy  fear 

My  humbled  mind  pervade; 
Mine  eyes  have  seen  how  dark  and  drear 

Is  human  frailty's  shade. 

0  thou  I  whom  wond'ring  angels  saw 
Come  from  thy  throne  on  high, 

Fulfil  thy  Father's  perfect  law, 

Yet  for  the  sentene'd  die, 
And  make  thy  pillow  in  the  grave! 

Thy  righteousness  be  mine! 

1  know  no  other  name  can  save, 
In  earth  or  Heav'n,  than  thine. 


SEALED  ORDERS. 
"  Oh,  whither  bound,  my  captain  ? 
The  wind  is  blowing  free, 
And  overhead  the  white  sails  spread 
As  we  go  out  to  sea." 

He  looked  to  north,  he  looked  to  south, 
Or  ever  a  word  he  spake  ; 
"  With  orders  sealed  my  sails  I  set — 
Due  east  my  course  I  take." 

"  But  to  what  port?"  "  Nay,  nay,"  he  cried, 
"  This  only  do  I  know, 
That  I  must  sail  due  eastward 
Whatever  wind  may  blow." 

For  many  a  day  we  sailed  east, 

"0,  captain,  tell  me  true, 
When  will  our  good  ship  come  to  port?" 

"  I  cannot  answer  you  I" 

"  Then,  prithee,  gallant  captain, 

Let  us  but  drift  awhile ! 

The  current  setteth  southward, 

Past  many  a  sunny  isle, 

"  Where  cocoas  grow,  and  mangoes, 
And  groves  of  feathery  palm, 
And  nightingales  sing  ail  night  long 
To  roses  breathing  balm." 

"  Nay,  tempt  me  not,"  he  answered, 
"This  only  do  I  know, 
That  I  must  sail  due  eastward, 
Whatever  winds  may  blow  !" 

Then  sailed  we  on,  and  sailed  we  east, 

Into  the  whirlwind's  track, 
Wild  was  the  tempest  overhead, 

The  sea  was  strewn  with  wreck. 

"Oh,  turn  thee,  turn  thee,  captain, 
Thou'rt  rushing  on  to  death  !" 
But  back  the  answer  shouted, 
With  unabated  breath  : 

"  Turn  back  who  will.     I  turn  not ! 

For  this  one  thing  I  know, 

That  I  must  sail  due  eastward 

However  winds  may  blow." 

"Oh,  art  thou  fool  or  madman? 
Thy  port  is  but  a  dream, 
And  never  on  the  horizon's  rim 
Will  its  fair  turrets  gleam." 

Then  smiled  the  captain  wisely, 

And  slowly  answered  he, 
The  while  his  keen  glance  widened 

Over  the  lonely  sea  : 

"  I  carry  sealed  orders, 

This  only  thing  I  know, 
That  I  must  sail  to  eastward 
Whatever  winds  may  blow!" 
— Julia  C.  R.  Dorr,  in  the  Congregalionalist 

There  are  few  more  certain  evidences 
the  deterioration  of  a  man's  moral  natu 
than  the  increasing  tolerance  with  which 
views  low  standards  of  conduct,  as  held  I 
others  in  that  sphere  of  society  in  which  1 
lot  is  cast.  Honest}'  naturally  revolts  frc 
dishonest}',  purity  from  impurity,  virtue  frc 
vice  ;  and  although  goodness  and  mercy  a 
tolerant  of  the  sinner  as  a  person,  they  s 
never  tolerant  of  the  sin.  That  world-w€ 
which  brings  a  man  to  look  contentedly, 
even  with  pleasure,  upon  forms  of  evil  in  otb< 
which  before  would  at  once  have  roused  wit 
in  him  the  feeling  of  indignation  at  the  wro 
and  of  pity  for  the  offender,  is  very  far  fr( 
being  a  thing  to  be  proud  of;  for  it  rcveali 
wrongful  acceptance  of  things  as  they  are,  a 
a  growing  disbelief  in  man  and  in  the  redee 
in'g  power  of  Him  who  has  made  man. 

To  be  so  tolerant  of  evil  that  contact  w 
it  evokes  no  feeling  of  antagonism,  is  a  st 
evidence  of  moral  and  spiritual  danger;  to 
so  tolerant  of  it  as  to  believe  that  little  1 
evil  exists,  or  is  to  be  looked  for,  is  a  c 


THE    FRIEND. 


333 


tin  sign  of  accomplished  moral  degradation. 
here  are  few  enough  St.  Georges  in  the 
oi'ld  ;  and  their  number  will  not  be  increased 
ntil  men  are  more  ready  to  recognize  dra- 
ons  as  dragons,  and  to  smite  hotly  and  un- 
tiringly accordingly.— &  S.  Times. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

It  was  by  man's  listening  to  the  delusive 
pirit  of  durkness,  that  sin  entered  into  the 
?orld  with  all  our  woe;  and  death  by  sin. 
Lnd  it  is  now  b}7  our  listening  and  yielding 
3  the  Spirit  of  truth — the  Lamb  of  God.  that 
akes  away  the  sin  of  the  world  out  of  tli 
eart,  that  we  are  restored,  and  the  life  and 
nraortality  brought  to  light  in  us  which 
)st  in  the  "fall.  And  as  we  walk  in  the  light 
f  life,  and  obey  the  teachings  of  the  grace  of 
rod,  which  leads  us  to  deny  ungodliness  and 
porldl}-  lusts,  we  become  cleansed  from  the 
lefilements  of  sin  ;  and  thus  sanctified  and 
ustified  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and 
>y  the  spirit  of  our  God  ;  and  become  pre- 
>ared  for  that  kingdom  which  nothing  impure 
:an  ever  enter.  So  I  do  think  that  by  obedi- 
snee  to  the  teachings  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in 
svery  intelligent  individual  soul,  a  way  ot 
salvation  for  all  has  been  provided.  And  1 
relieve  that  this  teaching  principle  is  nothing 
short  of  the  grace  of  God,  which  Paul  says 
nas  appeared  to  all  ;  and  brings  salvation  to 


Lord,  and  being  fervent  in  spirit,  may  teach 
diligently  the  things  of  the  Lord,  knowing 
only  the  'baptism  of  John,  which  was  but  pre- 
paratory, elementary,  superficial  and  out- 
ward ;  not  deep  enough  to  cleanse  the  foun- 
tain of  sin  and  corruption  in  the  heart.  But 
the  baptism  which  the  sinner  needs,  and  which 
alone  is  saving,  is  not  only  the  putting  away 
the  filth  of  the  flesh,  but  it  reaches  the  heart, 
and  cleanses  it  from  the  defilements  of  the 
fallen  and  sinful  nature,  and  produces  sancti- 
fication,  justification  and  full  salvation. 

D.  H. 
Dublin,  lnd.,  5th  mo.  8th,  18S4. 


the  cross  of  Christ,  which  was  to  the  Jews 
a  stumbling  block,  and  to  the  wise  Greeks 
foolishness":  in  order  to  make  the  way  to  the 
kingdom  more  broad  and  easy — more  in  con- 
formity to  the  world  ;  its  ways,  religions  and 
worships  ;  more  outward  and  showy,  and  less 
inward  and  spiritual.  Ami  now,  under  our 
spiritual  dispensation,  many  are  teaching  for 
doctrines  the  commandments  or  opinions  of 
men,  instead  of  the  doctrines  or  command- 
ments of  Christ.  We  may  have  much  faith 
in  the  Scriptures;  but  not  enough  in  that 
life  and  light  through  which  the  Scriptures 
were  given.  We  may  have  faith  in  what 
Christ"  has  done  for  us  outwardly,  but  not 

much  in  what  he  does  for  us  inwardly.     It  is  1&6   rettier   On   LOnQOn 

far  more  easy  and  congenial  to  our  natural  It  was  a  bright  morning  earl3'  in  the  pre- 
inclinations  to  go  in  the  current  with  the  sent  century.  ""  London  Bridge  was  densely 
multitude  in  the  broad  way  which  leads  to  crowdedand  almost  impassable,asit  was  wont 
eternal  death,  than  it  is  to  go  with  the  dis-  to  be  in  those  times,  for  it  was  not  the  stately 
respected  few  in  the  strait  and  narrow  way  structure  of  Eennie  with  which  we  have  to 
that  leads  to  life  eternal.  We  are  much  prone,  deal,  but  the  old,  narrow,  many  arched  bridge 
while  seekin"-  for  a  crown  of  life  in  the  world  which  for  centuries  had  formed  the  only  link 
to  come,  to  seek  with  still  more  eagerness,  to  between  the  city  and  the  adjoining  borough 
be  crowned,  while  here,  with  the  riches,  tho  ofSouthwark. 

honors  and  the  glory  of  this  world,  not  re-  The  carts  and  carriages  toiled  along,  every 
memberinir  that  we  cannot  be  heirs  of  two  now  and  then  coming  to  a  deadlock,  which 
kingdoms— cannot  serve  God  and  mammon,  generally  provoked  an  angry  and  protracted 
I^believe  that  the  greatest  cause  of  the  do-  wrangle';  for  there  were  no  police  to  enforce 
elension  and  lack  of  "true  spiritual  life  in  the  order  or  overawe  violence.  The  foot  passen- 
professed  Christian  churches,  is  that  we  have|gers  made  their  way  like  men  swimming 
too  much  confidence  in  the  wisdom  and  against  a  rapid  current,  thankful  if  they  ac-- 
ilTwho7v'irfbe"tau<r'ht  by  it.  and  obey  it.  So  strength  of  man  in  carrying  on  the  work  of  complisbed  the  passage,  after  half  an  hour's 
is  death  entered  into  the  world  by  sin,  now  God.  A  church  of  God  must  be  led  by  the  exertion,  without  damage  to  limb  or  pocket. 
Bin  has  to  be  destroyed  by  Him  who  came  to  Spirit  of  God,  and  not  of  man.  For  no  man  I  In  the  embrasures  formed  by  the  projecting 
iestroy  the  works  of  the  devil,   before  this  k„oweth  the  things  of  God  but  by  the  light  piers  small  traders  had  established  themselves 

""  of  the  Spirit  of  God  which  is  in  him.  They  and  offered  their  wares  to  the  passers  by,  the 
are  hid  from  the  wisdom  and  prudence  of  slow  pace  to  which  the  latter  were  restrained 
this  world.  And  like  begets  its  like.  So  if  giving  them  a  better  opportunity  than  ordi- 
our  religion  is  from  the' head,  or  from  the'nary  of  descantingon  the  merits  of  the  articles 
wisdom°of  man,  it  only  fills  the  head,  and  offered  for  sale.  In  one  sheltered  nook  stood 
uses  it  with  a  visionary  and  superficial  an  old  woman  with  her  basket  of  oranges  and 
inon  which  is  begotten  by  that  wordly  cakes,  and  at  her  side  a  flower  girl,  with  her 
«  ,=dom  that  knows  not  God.  For  no  wisdom  nosegays  of  primrose  or  violet.  In  another, 
which  is  not  from  above  can  comprehend  the'a  hardware  man  offered  his  scissors  and  thim- 
mysteries  of  the  heavenly  kingdom.  Bubbles  and  many  bladed  penknives,  or  cheap 
such  is  the  vanity  of  man,  that  he  is  prone  to  rings  and  brooches,  and  pinchbeck  jewelry, 
think  that  because  he  can  comprehend  and  In  one  of  the  abutments,  near  the  city  side, 
carry  on  the  things  of  man,  by  his  worldly  | on  the  day  referred  to,  a  man  was  very  busy 
isdom  ho  can  also,  by  the  same  wisdom  advertising  sovereigns  for  sale.  '-Here  you 
and  strength,  carry  on  the  deep  things  of  j  are,  gentlemen,"  he  vociferated  ;  "  real  golden 
God.     ButT  the   machinery   (if  we   might  so  sovereigns,  one  penny  apiece.    Only  a  penny  a 


spiritual  death,  which  is  our  last  enemy,  can 
3e  destroyed  also. 

How  lamentably  death  reigns  in  many  of 
Dur  hearts;  and  in  many  of  our  religions 
meetings  !  But  if  sin  and  death  were  de- 
stroyed in  us,  and  we  born  again;  created 
anew  in  Christ  Jesus  ;  then  would  death  and 
darkness  give  place  to  life  and  light;  and  we 
should  soon  become  as  a  city  set  on  a  hill. 
And  instead  of  our  reproachfully  fading  away, 
our  lights  would  so  shine  that  surrounding 
beholders  would  see  our  good  works,  and  be 
led  to  glorify  our  Father  which  is  in  heaven. 

As  sin  caused  the  separation  between  man 
and  his  Maker,  it  must  be  removed  before 
full  reconciliation  is  obtained,  and  salvation 
received.  We  may  flatter  ourselves  with  the 
idea  that  the  superficial  religion  which  so 
prevails  in  the  present  day,  and  which  does 
not  remove  sin,  may  be  promoting  the  cause 
of  salvation,  when  it  is  practically  taking  us 
further  away  from  the  heavenly  kingdom, 
because  it  may  induce  us  to  settle  down  in  a 
false  rest,  and  satisfy  us  with  a  form  of  godf 
ness  without  the  power,  being  high  and  strong 
in  profession  but  weak  in  practice. 

Though  the  world  by  its  wisdom  knows 
not  God,  yet  from  the  days  of  the  Greek 
down  to  the  present  day,  the  wise  and  prudent 
of  this  world,  have,  by  their  philosophy  and 
reason,  thought  they  have  discovered  much 
foolishness  in  the  preaching  of  the  cross  of 
Christ,  and  in  the  way  of  salvation  by  Him  ; 
vet  it  is  a  religion  that  has  been 
"  Proved  through  ages  by  the  just  and  good, 

And  signed  and  sealed  with  many  a  martyr's  blood." 
We  are  told  that  man  was  made  upright,  but 
that  he  has  sought  out  many  inventions.  And 
I  believe  that  our  Societ3'  started  out,  as  we 
might  say,  upright  and  upon  sound  princi- 
ples ;  but  there  have  been  many  inventions 
of  late  sought  out  to  put  out  of  the  way  of 


speak)  of  the  church  of  God,  is  of  toomuch  [piece— real  sovereigns,  fresh  from  bismajesty's 
weight  and  magnitude  to  be  propelled  by  mint!  Here's  an  opportunity  that  will  never 
mere  human  power.  happen  again-only  a  penny  for  a  real  golden 

So  what  we  need  as  a  church,  and  as  indi- [sovereign,  twenty  shillings  value,  two  hun- 
viduals,  is  to  have  our  faith,  our  religion  and 
worship  changed  more  from  the  wisdom,  the 


eloquence  and  power  of  man,  to  the  power  of 
God.  We  need  to  be  turned  from  the  flowery 
paths  of  ease  and  speculation,  to  the  more 
arduous  one  of  practice.  We  need  to  have 
our  religion  transferred  from  the  head  to  the 
heart;  that  it  may  be  more  in  practice,  and 
less  in  theory;  more  in  life  and  power,  and 
less  in  words'  without  life.  We  need  to  have 
our  faith  more  in  the  Divine  life  and  light, 
and  less  in  the  wisdom  of  dark  and  unre- 
generate  man  ;  who  "  receiveth  not  the  things 
of  the  Spirit  of  God,  for  tbey  are  foolishness 
unto  him  ;  neither  can  he  know  them,  because 
they  are  spiritually  discerned." 

Our  faith  may  be  strong  in  the  letter  of  the 
Scriptures,  but  weak  in  that  Almighty  power 
which  enabled  the  holy  men  of  old  to  write 
them.  We  may  have  eloquent  men,  who  like 
ApOllos  are  mighty  in  the  Scriptures,  and 
who  have  been  "instructed  in  the  way  of  the 


dred  and  forty  pence— all  for  one  penny 
Don't  let  the  chance  slip,  gentlemen  ;  it  will 
never  come  again  !  Buy  a  hundred  sovereigns 
for  a  hundred  pence!" 

The  crowd  surged  by,  taking  little  notice 
of  him,  or  when  any  one  did  make  a  response 
to  his  invitation  it  was  to  express  surprise  at 
his  folly  in  believing  that  the  public  could  be 
so  taken  in.  "  You've  brightened  up  those 
farthings  of  yours  pretty  smartly,"  said  one. 
"  If  you'd  sell  em  four  for  a  penny,  you  might 
do  some  business."  "Best  mind  what  you 
are  at,  my  lad,"  growled  an  old  city  clerk  ; 
•'  if  you  attempt  to  pass  off  those  Brummagem 
buttons  as  sovereigns,  you  may  have  the  con- 
stables after  you." 

The  pedler  listened  to  these  remarks  with 
the  utmost  composure.  He  did  not  appear 
to  be  in  any  way  disturbed,  though  he  had 
stood  for  nearly"  three-quarters  of  an  hour 
without  receiving  a  single  bid  for  his  wares  ; 
nor  did  his  eye  ever  turn  aside  from  the  tray 


334 


THE    FRIEND. 


which  was  slung  by  a  band  round  his  neck, 
except  to  glance  at  a  man    occupying   the 

same  niche  in  the  bridge  as  himself,  who  was 
leaning  carelessly  against  the  parapet,  re- 
ferring every  now  and  then  to  the  watch 
which  he  drew  from  his  pocket. 

Presently  it  seemed  as  though  a  customer 
had  come  at  last.  "Oh,  papa,"  said  a  little 
boy,  "those  are  the  things  mother  is  always 
wanting.  Look  here;  I've  got  fourpence 
which  she  gave  me  for  bringing  a  good  char- 
acter home  from  school.  I'll  buy  four  of  the 
sovereigns  and  take  them  home  to  her  if  I 
may." 

"  You're  a  good  boy,  Dicky,"  said  the  father, 
"but  I  am  afraid  your  mother  wouldn't  get 
much  good  out  of  tbem.  They're  only  pre- 
tence, my  lad.  In  this  world  no  one  ever 
parts  with  anything  under  its  value.  You 
may  give  good  money  and  get  what's  worth 
very  little  for  it ;  but  you'll  never  give  what 
is  worth  veiy  little  and  get  good  money  for 
it.     Come  along,  and  buy  your  bulls'  eyes." 

The  pair  passed  on,  and  presently  another 
man  stopped  and  looked  wistfully  at  the  tray. 

"If  they  were  only  real,"  he  muttered. 

"Twenty  of  them  would  keep  me  out  of 
goal, and  I  mightcomeall  rightagain.  There's 
many  a  man  now  to  whom  twenty  real  sov- 
ereigns are  of  no  more  consequence  than  that 
chap's  medals  would  be.  Ah,  but  though  he 
doesn't  want  them  himself,  he  won't  give 
them  to  me." 

"What's  the  time  now?"  asked  the  pedlcr 
of  the  lounger  beside  him. 

"  Just  a  quarter  to  twelve."  was  the  answer. 
"  You  have  exactly  fifteen  minutes  to  stay, 
and  that  is  all.  Halloa,"  he  added  under  his 
breath,  "  here  is  a  customer  at  last,  I  do  be- 
lieve." 

As  he  replaced  his  watch,  a  man  having 
the  appearance  of  a  decent  mechanic,  carry- 
ing a  small  bundle,  stopped  for  a  moment  or 
two,  eyeing  with  curiosity  the  contents  of  the 
pedler's  tray.  Then  he  took  up  one  of  the 
coins  and  turned  it  over. 

"  Well,  it's  a  clever  sham,"  he  said,  "and  it 
will  please  my  little  boy.  I've  just  got  a 
penny  left  after  paying  for  the  tea  and  sugar, 
and  I'll  take  one  of  these  home  to  him." 

He  laid  down  his  penny  accordingly,  re- 
ceived one  of  the  coins,  and  went  on  his  way. 
He  could  not  put  it  inside  his  bundle  very 
well,  and  he  had  a  hole  in  his  pocket,  so  he 
was  obliged  to  keep  it  in  his  hand.  As  he 
passed  on  into  Grace-church  street,  under 
the  window  of  the  large  jeweler's  shop,  a 
crowd,  which  had  gathered  round  a  fallen 
horse,  forced  him  into  the  doorway,  and  he 
took  the  opportunity  of  examining  his  pur- 
chase again. 

"Well,  it  is  uncommon  like,  that  I  must 
say,"  he  exclaimed.  "I  haven't  fingered  too 
many  of  these,  to  be  sure  ;  but  all  I  have  seen 
arc  as  like  this  as  one  pea  is  to  another.  There 
can't  be  any  chance  of  its  being  a  real  one,  I 
suppose,  that  would  be  too  good  a  joke  ;  and 
yet  there  is  no  harm  in  asking,  and  this  chap 
will  tell  mo  what  it  is  in  a  minute." 

He  stepped  up  to  the  jeweller's  counter  ac- 
cordingly, and  laying  his  coin  on  it,  inquired 
of  the  man  "what  that  might  be." 

"That!"  said  the  jeweller,  taking  it  care- 
lessly up  and  weighing  it  on  his  finger,  "  why 
what  should  it  be,  my  good  man,  but  a  sov- 
ereign I" 

"  A  sovereign,  a  real  sovereign  I"  exclaimed 
the  other,  "you   don't   mean  it,  to   be  sure. 


Just  look  again,  sir,  if  you  please,  and  make 
certain." 

"  There's  no  need  to  look  again,"  said  the 
shopman  rather  sharply;  "I  should  know 
gold  by  this  time  when  I  see  it.  It's  as  good 
a  sovereign  as  ever  came  from  the  mint,  and 
is  quite  now  into  the  bargain.  I'll  give  you 
twenty  shillings  for  it  if  you  want  to  change  it." 

The  journeyman  stared  once  more  in  the 
jeweller's  face,  and  then  turning  short  round, 
he  made  for  the  door,  elbowing  his  way  with- 
out ceremony  through  the  crowd  gathered  in 
Grace-church  street,  and  then  turning  down 
one  of  the  narrow  alleys  which  in  those  days 
intervened  between  the  broad  thoroughfare 
and  the  river,  he  hurried  on  with  all  the  speed 
he  could  command.  Presently  he  emerged 
near  the  entrance  to  the  bridge,  and,  still 
fighting  his  way  vigorously,  reached  the  em- 
brasure where  he  had  left  the  dealer  in  sov- 
ereigns. Alas,  he  was  gone,  and  his  place 
was  occupied  by  a  vender  of  gingerbread 
nuts,  who  was  commending  his  articles  with 
an  earnestness  which  far  exceeded  that  of 
his  predecessor. 

"  Where,  is  the  man  who  was  selling  the  sov- 
ereigns?" exclaimed  the  journeyman  breath- 
lessly. 

"Man  with  the  sovereigns!"  repeated  the 
person  addressed.  "  I  don't  know  of  any 
such.  There  was  a  chap  here  with  a  tray 
about  five  minutes  ago,  just  as  I  come  up,  but 
jhe  shut  up  business  and  walked  off'  with  his 
friend  just  as  twelve  o'clock  struck." 

Not  improbably  the  reader  has  heard  the 
explanation  of  this  strange  occurrence  already 
| — how  two  fashionable  loungers  at  the  West 
End  had  made  a  wager  as  to  what  would  be 
jtbe  consequence  if  one  hundred  sovereigns 
(were  offered  for  sale,  at  one  penny  a  piece, 
for  an  hour  on  London  Bridge,  during  the 
most  busy  portion  of  the  day.  The  one  party 
,bad  contended  that  they  would  all  be  bought 
.up  the  moment  they  were  exposed  to  view, 
I  the  other  that  the  public  would  totally  dis- 
regard them.  The  experiment  was  tried,  and 
with  the  result  which  has  been  related;  of 
jthe  hundred  sovereigns  only  one  was  sold, 
and  that,  to  a  man  who  had  no  belief  in  the 
value  of  his  purchase. 

j  It  may  seem  strange  to  us  that  men  should 
'have  shown  so  little  discernment.  Yet  what 
is  it  but  the  very  same  thing  that  is  going  on 
every  day  on  the  bridge  which  leads  from 
this  world  to  the  next?  The  servant  of  his 
lord  stands  by  the  wayside  and  offers  to  ail 
the  pure  gold  of  everlasting  life  in  his  Master's 
'name,  and  bids  them  buy  it  without  money 
and  without  price.  But  the}'  pass  by  it  and 
heed  it  not,  thinking  that  that  which   is  so 

k 


ly  offered  must  needs  be  worthless.  Pew 
Imake  purchase  of  it;  and  tbey  only  find  out 
jits  true  value  when  it  comes  to  be  tested  by 
use.  Here  also  the  precious  prize  is  offered 
only  during  the  brief  hour  of  human  life.  The 
angel  witnesses  stand  by  and  mark  the  throng 
as  it  heedlessly  passes  by,  and  when  the  hour 
is  ended  the  offer  is  withdrawn.  Vain  will 
it  be  then  to  strive  ami  haste  to  redeem  the 
past.  There  is  no  repentance  in  the  grave. 
— Sunday  at  Home. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Cottons,;;!.  Hulls  have  been  substituted  for 
cotton  waste  in  packing  journal-boxes  of  rail- 
way cars,  and  are  said  to  effect  a  saving  of 
fully  one-half  of  the  cost,  and  to  answer  a 
good  purpose. 


Wood-preserving  Works.  —  It  is  said  t 
Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Rail  Ro; 
Company  have  executed  a  contract  for  t  I 
erection  of  extensive  works  at  Las  Vegs 
New  Mexico,  for  chemically  preparing  t 
timber  used  on  their  road  for  cross-ties  ai 
other  purposes.  They  have  been  using  t  j 
New  Mexican  pine,  whose  durability  is  great 
increased  by  the  process. 

California  Dried  Fruits. — The  products  i 
the  California  dried  fruit  industry  for  18£] 
are  said  to  include  2,500,000  lbs.  of  raisin 
the  same  quantity  of  dried  apples,  peach  i 
and  other  fruits  ;  and  1,200,000  lbs.  of  almon  ! 
and  walnuts.  The  State  also  produced  9G< 
000  lbs.  of  honey. 

California  Gas  and  Water  Well. — An  SI 
tesian  well  was  sunk  near  Stockton,  Ca.1 
fornia,  to  a  depth  of  840  feet,  and  struck 
copious  stream  of  excellent  water.  Ti 
diameter  of  the  well  was  seven  iuches.  Ti 
owner  was  desirous  of  knowing  whether 
could  increase  the  flow  by  going  deeper,  b 
fearing  to  injure  the  quality  of  the  upp 
strata  of  water,  he  sunk  inside  of  it  a  small 
well  of  4  inches  in  diameter.  At  the  dep 
of  1250  feet  he  came  to  water  again,  whii 
rose  to  the  surface.  It  was  unfit  for  drinkin 
and  was  impregnated  with  inflammable  gi 
The  tube  of  the  outer  well  was  tapped  ai 
water  drawn  off  for  house  purposes,  &c. 
curbing  was  built  around  the  top  in  such 
way  that  it  formed  a  reservoir  for  the  wat 
of  the  deeper  well,  a  gasometer  placed  ov 
this  reservoir,  and  a  gas  pipe  attached,  whii 
conductsthegasintothofire  boxofthe  kitchi 
stove,  and  cooks  for  the  family. 

Concentrated  Attention  in  Relation  to  Spir 
ualism. — The  attention,  when  concentrati 
upon  anj'  particular  thing  or  part  of  the  bod 
will  often  lead  to  erroneous  sensorial  imp  re 
sions.  An  observer  gazing  anxously  out 
sea,  or  across  a  vast  plain,  will  see  the  obje 
of  which  he  is  in  search  ;  an  expectant  watc 
cr  hears  every  moment  the  rumbling 
wheels,  the  footstep  or  the  knock  which  a 
nounces  the  wished  for  or  dreaded  arriva 
and  pains,  tastes,  odors,  and  even  disease 
can  frequently  be  thus  originated.  Thus- 
lady  who  has  been  under  the  profession 
care  of  the  writer  for  intense  nervous  heai 
aches,  and  who  is  of  a  very  impressionable  o 
ganization,  is  able  at  will  to  produce  a  paii 
in  any  part  of  her  body  by  steadily  fixing  h« 
attention  upon  it. 

Physicians  know  very  well  that  actual  o 
ganic  disease  may  be  produced  by  the  habitu 
concentration  of  the  attention  on  an  orga 
The  fancies  of  the  hypochondriac  may  tbt 
in  time  become  realities. 

Many  of  the  facts  of  spiritualism  are  clear] 
explainable  by  referring  them  to  thisinfluenc 

It  is  perfectly  within  the  range  of  our  e. 
perienee  that  many  who  go  to  witness  the  pe 
fbrmanccs  of  mediums  should,  upon  being  to 
to  fix  the  attention  on  a  certain  event  whic 
was  about  to  take  place,  experience  the  sens 
tion  through  the  sight,  hearing,  touch,  ( 
smell,  that  the  event,  did  in  reality  occur  whe 
in  fact  they  have  been  deceived.  Upon  or 
occasion  I  was  present  when  a  medium  a; 
nounced  that  he  was  about  to  increase  h 
height.  He  disappeared  behind  a  screen,  an 
on  emerging  to  view,  every  one  present  exce| 
myself,  perceived  an  increase  of  height  whic 
they  variously  fixed  at  from  five  to  eigl 
inches.  But  I  had  taken  the  precaution  1 
measure  with  my  eye  the  distance  from  tl 


THE    FRIEND. 


335 


p  of  his  head  to  the  chandelier  under  which 
[  stood,  and  I  saw  that  he  almost  touched  it. 
When  he  came  from  behind  the  screen  and 
bod  under  the  chandelier  it  was  very  evident 
lat  the  increase  in  height  consisted  of  about 
,o  inches,  an  amount  which  any  tall  man 
,n  at  will  apparently  add  to  his  stature. — 
■ammond,  Spiritualism  and  Nervous  Derange- 
mt. 

A  statement  of  the  wonderful  thinness  to 
faich  sheet  iron  can  be  reduced  is  related  by 
(correspondent  of  the  Iron  Trade  Review, 
ho  states  that  it  has  been  rolled  so  thin  that 
took  14,000  layers  to  make  the  thickness 
1  one  inch.  In  this  condition,  he  says  the 
>n  is  useless  and  burns  like  paper. 


Religious  Labor  Among  the  Jews. — In  a  report 
Wished  in  The  Hebrew  ( 'hristian,  the  writer  states 
alinring  among  the  Jews,  his  "kinsmen 
er  the  flesh,"  he  urged  upon  them  to  search  their 
riptures  (the  Old  Testament),  and  he  endeavored 
move  from  these  that  the  time  of  the  coming  of 
3  Messiah  is  past.  He  says: — 
'On  my  visits  I  met  with  an  old  gentleman,  a 
■ibrew,  well  versed  in  the  Talmud.  Alter  I  proved 
him  that  his  belief  in  the  Messiah  being  an  earthly 
ig  is  contrary  to  the  teaching  of  the  Bible,  which 
dws  that  the  Messiah  must  sutler  and  die  for  the 
s  of  the  world,  and  that  Jesus,  only,  is  that  Mes- 
h,  who  came  in  the  very  time  appointed  and  silt- 
ed according  to  the  Scriptures,  the,  old  man  was 


ously  in  multitudes  of  instances,  and,  more  vividly 
than  elsewhere,  among  the  slums  and  dark  places  of 
our  towns.  No  man,  however  bad,  will  propose  to 
commit  a  murder  because  a  murderer  has  just  been 
hanged,  but  the  deed  of  murder,  and  the  murderous 
punishment  of  the  murder,  are  present  like  familiar 
phantoms,  and  breed  a  familiarity  which  makes  the 
commission  of  the  same  crime  easier  than  it  would 
have  been  in  the  absence  of  such  associations. — 
From  Capitol  Punishment — Tteo  Letters  bij  Yera.r. 


THE    FRIEND. 

FIFTH  MONTH  24,  1S84. 


will.  The  Sermon  on  the  Mount  of  our  blessed 
Redeemer  is  mainly  composed  of  practical  pre- 
cepts, and  near  its  conclusion,  the  important 
statement  is  made — -'Not  every  one  that  saith 
unto  me,  Lord,  Lord,  shall  enter  into  the 
kingdom  of  Heaven  ;  but  he  that  doeth  the 
will  of  my  Father  which  is  in  Heaven."  From 
which  it  follows,  that  we  may  profess  belief 
in  the  Saviour,  and  yet,  through  want  of  obe- 
dience to  the  will  of  God,  fail  of  obtaining 
salvation.  The  Apostle  John  speaks  of  our 
Saviour  as  the  Light  of  the  world,  and  quotes 
his  own  language:  "This  is  the  condemna- 
tion, that  light  is  come  into  the  world,  and 
men  loved  darkness  rather  than  light,  because 
their  deeds  were  evil.  For  eve'ry  one  that 
doeth  evil,  hateth  the  light,  neither  cometh  to 
the  light,  lest  his  deeds  should  be  reproved." 
Here,  the  real  difficulty  in  the  way  of  salva- 
tion is  the  unwillingness  to  part  with  those 
things  which  the  Light  of  Christ  shows  to  be 
wrong,  which  prevents  such  blinded  persons 
from  coming  to  Him  in  the  obedience  of  faith. 
This  accords  with  the  declarations  of  Christ, 
"If  a  man  love  me  he  will  keep  my  words; 
and  my  Father  will  love  him,  and  we  will 
come  unto  him  and  make  our  abode  with  him. 
He  that  loveth  me  not,  keepeth  not  my  say- 
ings."  (John  xiv.  23,  24.)   "  Ye  are  my  friends 

xv. 


In    The  Independent  of  4th    mo.  24th,  we 

find  an  incident  of  one  of  the  Moody  meetings 

in  London,  related  by  George  F.  Pentecost, 

who   there   met  with    an    intelligent   young 

woman,  who  appeared   to   be  anxious  about 

her  soul's  salvation.     Entering  into  conversa- 
tion with  her,  he   quoted  the  text,  "Believe 

on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  thou  shall  be 

saved ;"    and  then    by  a  series  of  questions, 

which  she  answered  in  the  affimative,  led  her 

to  the  acknowledgment  that  she  did  believe 

that  Jesus  Christ  came  into  the  world  some 

two  thousand  years  ago,  that  He  is  the  Son  !if  ye  do  whatsoever  I  command  you."  (It 

of  God  and  not  a  mere  man,  that  God  had  laid  i  14.)    So  also  Peter  testified  to  Cornelius,  "In 

on  Him  the  iniquities  of  us  all,  had  caused  every  nation  he  that  feareth  God,  and  worketh 
F-spirited  and  said  :  'I  am  sorry  that  I  am  so  old  i  Him  to  be  delivered  up  for  our  offences,  and  J  righteousness,  is  accepted  with  Him."  (Acts 
ree  that  will  break  before  it  can  he  bent.  Thelhad  raised  Him  again  for  our  justification  ;  x.  35.)  And  Paul,  in  his  epistle  to  the  Bo- 
ilt  is  in  my  teachers.'  and  that  she  herself  was  included  in  the  num-  jmans,  declares  that  God  "  will  render  to  every 

other  visit  I  met  with  a  Jewish  lady  and  Der  for  whom  these  things  were  done.  Hence,  man  according  to  his  deeds  :  to  them  who  by 
r  daughter,  who  were  w'ell  educated,  shownig ■  ghe  wag  tQ  cast  away  all  her  fears,  and  trust  patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  seek  for 
Z^J^Zt^Z^^^  the  finished  work  of  Christ.  To  use  the  glory  and  honor  and  immortality  eternal 
ulowing  of  the  coming  of  the  Messiah.  The  language  ot  the  author  ot  the  article,  "  It  is  hie;  but  unto  them  that  are  contentious  and 
Ling  lady  replied:  '  I  often  think  how  it  is  that  not  what  we  are,  what  we  do,  what  ice  feel,  or  do  not  obey  the  truth,  but  obey  unrighteous- 
Jewish  law  is  not  observed  as  it  ought  to  be.  If  what  we  believe,  but  it  is  Jehovah  Jesus  whoness  :  indignation  and  wrath,  tribulation  and 
i  law  was  the  complete  and  the  only  purpose  of  is  our  salvation."  anguish,  upon   every  soul  of  man   that  doeth 

d,  how  is  it  that  it  seems  to  have  outlived  its  age? ,      \ye  refer  t0  tt,js  articde  because  it  so  clearly  evil."   i  Rom.  ii.  6—9.) 

emost  of  the  Mosaic  law  cannot  be  observed,  'gets  to,-tll  .,  form  0f  religious  doctrine  which1  We  believe,  therefore,  that  the  Society  of 
m   if   we   were  willing;   besides  that   even   our  advocates  in  this  day ,  and  we   Friends  has  sound  scriptural  foundation  for 

.bins  i  ii    not    keep   it.      1    speak  lioin    ex    enence.  .  J  ,  J>  .       ,     ..    „     ,  ,,  .C  ■,      .       ,      , 

■. ,  a  Jewish  Rabbi  whom  I  know  well,  does  believe  is  frequently  urged  by  those  who  par-  its  belief,  that  saving  faith  necessarily  includes 

t  believe  one  word  he  preaches.'  The  young  lady  ticipate  in  the  revival  movements  (as  they  obedience  ;  and  that  whatever  belief  in  the 
ntinued:  "Christianity  is  but  a  refined  Judaism  are  called)  which  have  been  introduced  into  Saviour  man  may  profess,  it  will  not  secure 
veloped  by  Christ,  who  Himself  was  a  Jew.'  "  jour  own  Society.  It  is  only  on  this  theory,  \  bis  salvation,  unless  it  brings  him  into  con- 
The  Law  and  Order  Society  of  Philadelphia.-  t,hat  we,can  account  for  the  statements  so  formity  to  the  Divine  will,  and  induces  him 
bbject  of  this  association  is "to  enforce  the  laws  frequently  made  of  the  numbers  who  have  ,  to  bring  forth  corresponding  fruits.  All  other 
ainst  traffic  on  the  First-day  of  the  week,  and  been  "saved"  at  some  meeting  or  series  of  faith  is  declared  by  the  Apostlo  James  to  be 
[ise  laws  which  regulate  the'liquor  traffic.    The  meetings.     It  is  easy  to  count  the  number  ofidead  and  unprofitable. 

lird  Annual  Report  shows  that  they  have  been  persons  who  answer  in  the  affirmative,  ques-  This  point  has  important  practical  bearings, 
ietly  proceeding  with  their  work,  and  have  sue-  tjons  sucn  as  tD0Se  propounded  by  G.  F.  land  the  advice  to  be  given  to  those  in  an  in- 
sdedm  obtaining  some  legal  decisions,  which  will  pentecost,  and  to  set  these  down  as  saved ;  quiring  state  of  mind  will  necessarily  be 
^^^U^Z^ffi^  but  it  is  impossible  for  man  to  look  into  the  J  affected  by  the  views  which  are  held  One 
success  (heart  of  his  tellow,  and  know  whether  he  has  I  who  believes,  that  the  work  of  Christ  for  the 

I  been  truly  washed  and  sanctified  by  the  Spirit  salvation  of  mankind  was  not  finished  on  the 
Demoralizing  Effect  of  Capital  Punishments.—  oi<  ilig   q0(j     ancj    un[ess   thjs   operation    has  cross,  but  that  He  continues  to  work   by  his 

Spirit  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  will  receive 

grounds  for  believing  that  man  cannot  enter 


pital  execution  is  deliberate  killing      We  deliver  been  performed,  there  are  abundant  Scripture 
i  culprit  to  the  hangman,  who  breaks  his  neck  or 
angles  him.     The   horrible   deed   has  a  morbid  . 
icination  for  a  low  class  of  minds.     It  is  realized  "lt0  tbe  kingdom  of  Heaven— in  other  words, 
all  its  details.   It  is  contemplated  with  something  cannot  be  saved. 

the  imaginative  brooding  which  better  natures]  The  Scriptures  clearly  set  forth  the  neces- 
end  upon  a  rare  work  of  art.  In  both  cases  the  sity  of  faith  in  God  and  in  our  Lord  Jesus 
ocess  is  assimilative.  The  mind  is  insensibly  Christ— "  He  that  cometh  to  God,  must  be- 
anged  into  the  form  at  which  it  gazes.  Just  as  a  ]jeve  that  He  •  and  thaJ.  He  jg  rewa,.der  0f 
autiful   picture   refines    the  observer,  so    does    the    .,  .  ....  , ,  ,     „ .      ,,  ,       •,u„„  + 

;ntal  contemplation  of  a  hideous  one  degrade,  and  them  tbat  f.''  gently  seek  Him  -and  without 
e  effect  is  all  the  more  powerful  when,  as  is  the  such  a  bellet  impressing  the  heart,  no  one 
se  with  the  hangman's  performances,  the  picture  could  deny  himself  those  things  which  the 
borrowed  straight  from  real  life,  from  what  is  Spirit  of  God  shows  him  to  be  wrong,  and 
ng  on  behind  yonder  wall;  from  the  mortal  patiently  take  up  his  cross  and  follow  the 
jnies  inflicted  by  superior  brute  force  upon  a  man  Saviour  with  a  confident  hope  that  he  was 
.o  was  eating  his  breakfast  or  partaking  of  the  w.llki  in  that  path  which  eadg  t0  eternal 
crament  an  hour  ago.     I  do  not  think  it  is  easy  to      .  °  ,  v 

aggerate  the  brutalizing  effect  of  this  ruminating  ^''''T  ana  P^ace.  .        ,     . 

.on  what  is,  after  all,  a  judicial  murder,  and  we|  But  tbey  are  equally  clear  in  their  testi- 
ive  to  reflect  that  the  process  goes  on  simultane-.mony  to  the  need  of  obedience  to  the  Divine 


Him,  for  their  cleansing  from  all  defilement 
and  their  preservation  from  sin  and  impurity; 
would  not  settle  any  one  at  rest  in  the  hope 
that  they  were  saved  when  they  could  an- 
swer such  a  series  of  questions  as  suggested 
in  the  article  in  The  Independent,  but  would 
exhort  them  to  a  steady  attention  and  faith- 
ful obedience  to  that  Holy  Spirit  which  had 
made  them  sensible  of  their  need  of  a  Saviour, 
so  that  by  walking  in  the  Light  they  might 
know  the  blood  of  Christ  to  cleanse  them  from 
all  sin,  and  be  kept  by  his  Divine  power  from 
again  falling  into  temptation — agreeably  to 
the  command  of  our  Saviour,  "watch  and 
pray  lest  ye  fall  into  temptation  ;"  and  to  the 
declaration,  "  he  that  endureth  to  the  end 
shall  be  saved." 


336 


THE    FRIEND. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  Senate  on  the  13th  instant, 
a  bill  was  passed  by  unanimous  consent,  providing  that 
"in  recognition  of  distinguished  services  rendered  to 
the  United  States,  General  U.  S.  Grant,  late  General  of 
the  Army,  be  placed  on  the  retired  list,  with  rank  and 
full  pay  of  General  of  the  Army."  On  the  loth  the 
Exposition  hill  passed  substantially  as  it  came  from  the 
House,  with  an  appropriation  of  $1,000,000. 

The  President  lias  issued  a  proclamation  restoring  to 
the  public  domain  the  lands  set  apart  by  executive 
order,  of  date  9th  month  21sl,  1880,  as  a  reservation  for 
the  Jicarilla  Apache  Indians,  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  New  Mexico.  The  tract  embraces  307,000  acres  of 
land. 

The  total  value  of  the  exports  of  domestic  bieadstufFs 
from  the  United  States  during  the  ten  months  which 
ended  on  the  30th  of  4th  mo.,  was  $133,056,125,  against 
$179,739,004  during  the  corresponding  period  of  the 
preceding  year. 

The  total  value  of  the  beef  and  pork  products  of  the 
United  States  during  the  six  months  which  ended  4th 
mo.  30th,  was  $43,3 111,  104,  against  $55,293,109  during 
the  corresponding  period  of  1883.  The  total  value  of 
the  exports  of  our  dairy  products  during  the  twelve 
months  which  ended  on  the  30th  of  4th  month  was 
$15,571,370,  against  $12,625,125  during  the  preceding 
twelve  months. 

A  telegram  from  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  reports  that  in 
the  northwestern  section  of  that  State  "  the  cattle  are  in 
fine  condition,  water  abundant  and  the  range  good.  A 
heavy  drive  is  now  going  on,  the  cattle  being  mostly 
young  steers,  going  to  Colorado,  Montana,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, Kansas  and  Wyoming.  Several  large  purchases 
of  cattle  were  recently  consummated  by  Eastern  com- 
panies. 

Charles  O'Conor,  the  distinguished  lawyer,  died  at 
his  residence  in  Nantucket, on  the  afternoon  of  the  12th. 
He  was  81  years  of  age. 

The  Chicago  Farmers'  Review  publishes  crop  reports 
from  700  different  points  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan, 
Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Iowa,  Nebraska 
and  Missouri.  "  The  winter  wheat  reports  from  many 
points  in  Illinois,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Michigan  are 
dismal,  and  indicate  a  short  crop.  The  reports  from 
Kansas  are  almost  uniformly  of  very  promising  charac- 
ter. With  the  exception  of  Kansas  the  indications  now 
are  that  the  remainder  of  the  winter  wheat  belt  will  be 
more  or  less  spotted.  There  is  nothing  in  the  general 
situation  to  indicate  any  larger  receipsof  old  corn  on 
this  crop,  as  whatever  Kansas  and  Nebraska  may  have 
in  reserve  will  he  needed  very  largely  for  their  own 
wants." 

Wall  street,  New  York,  was  a  scene  of  panic  and 
disaster,  Fourth-day  the  14th  instant.  The  failures 
were  announced  of  the  Metropolitan  Bank,  and  the 
firms  of  Hatch  &  Foote,  Nelson  Robinson  &  Co.,  O.  M. 
Bogart  &  Co.,  Goff  &  Randall,  J.  C.  William  &  Co., 
Donnell,  Lawson  &  Simpson,  and  Hotchkiss  &  Burn- 
ham.  There  was  a  run  during  the  day  on  the  Second 
National  Bank,  notwithstanding  an  announcement  by 
Examiner  Scriba  that  the  bank  was  solvent.  It  appears 
that  John  C.  Eno,  President  of  the  Second  National 
Bank,  had  been  using  its  funds  in  Wall  street  specula- 
tions, to  the  amount  of  millions.  Whatever  the  deficit, 
however,  it  was  largely  made  good  by  his  father,  Amos 
R.  Eno,  a  wealthy  real  estate  owner.  John  C.  Eno  re- 
signed the  Presidency  of  the  bank  on  Third-day  after- 
noon, and  the  Directors  appointed  as  his  successor 
James  A.  Trowbridge,  son  of  a  former  President.  Tl 
President  of  the  Metropolitan  Bank  is  George  I.Seiie 
a  well-known  philanthropist,  who  within  a  few  years 
has  given  to  religious  and  charitable  institutions  $1,- 
500,000.  George  I.  Seney  resigned  the  Presidency  of 
the  bank,  and  Henry  L.  Jacques  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor. The  Atlantic  State  Bank  of  Brooklyn,  closed 
its  doors  in  the  afternoon,  in  consequence  of  the  failure 
of  the  Metropolitan  Bank,  through  which  it  cleared. 

was  known,  but  a  rude  shock  was  given  to  the  growing 
feeling  of  security  in  New  York  by  the  announcement, 
shortly  before  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  of  the  failure 
of  Fish  A  Hatch,  one  of  the  largest  and  best  known 
houses  on  the  street.  One  of  the  partners,  A.  S.  Hatch, 
was  President  of  the  Stock  Exchange.  At  last  accounts 
it  was  thought  all  the  banks  involved,  and  nearly  all 
the  brokers  excepting  Grant  &  Ward,  would  continue 
business. 

The  total  debt  of  the  city  of  Huston  on  4lb  month 
30th,  is  reported  to  have  been  $13,277,670,  an  increase 
of  $1,996,310  during  the  year. 

A  waterspout  on  Seventh-day  last  washed  away  the 
track  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
roads south  and  west  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.    On  the 


former  road  150  feet  were  washed  away,  and  seven  cars 
loaded  with  cattle,  and  an  engine  lender  went  into  the 
river.  Seventy  cattle  were  killed.  In  some  places  the 
water  was  from  two  to  five  feet  deep.  On  the  Union 
Pacific  bail  fell  to  a  depth  of  two  inches.  Three-quar- 
ters of  a  mile  of  track  and  a  bridge  were  carried  away. 
All  trains  were  delayed. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  361, 
which  was  14  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
17  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number,  187  were  males  and  174  females  : 
41  died  of  consumption  ;  19of  inflammation  of  the  lungs  ; 
21  of  scarlet  fever  ;  25  of  heart  diseases  ;  19  of  old  age  ; 
15  of  typhoid  fever;  13  of  paralysis,  aud  13  of  conges- 
tion of  the  brain. 

Markets,  d>e.  —  U.  S.  4£'s,  registered,  113;  coupon, 
113|;  4's,  122  ;  3's,  10H-;  currency  6's,  120  a  125. 

Cotton. — There  was  very  little  movement,  and  prices 
were  weak.  Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12  a 
12j  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  7|  a  8  cts.  for  export, 
and  S'i  a  9£  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  moved  slowly  at  former  rates.  Sales  of  1750 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  bakers,  at  $4  a  $5.75; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75;  western  do.  at 
$5  a  $5.75,  and  patents  at  Si 5.75  a  $6.50.  Rye  flour 
was  firm  at  $3.50  a  $3.02.1  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher.  About  6000 
bushels  red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.15  a 
$1.16;  a  choice  lot  at  $1.17;  No.  2  at  $1.03  a  $1.15^  per 
hel,  the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at 
93  cts.  per  bushel,  and  15,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.02 
a  $1.03  5th  mo.,  $1.03]  a  $1.04  6th  mo.,  $1,031  a  $1.03i1i 
7th  mo  ,  and  $1.02-1  a  $1.03|  8th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots 
were  firm  :  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  63  a  64  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow  ;  62  a  63  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  60i  a  61  cts. 
5th  mo.,  004  a  61  cts.  6lh  mo.,  6U  a  62  cts.  7th"mo.,  and 
62£  a  631  cts.  8th  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  firmer  : 
8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  36  a  41J  cts.  per  bushel, 
according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at  40  a  41  cts. 
5th  mo.,'  40^  a  41  cts.  6th  mo.,  41  a  41$  cts.  7th  mo., 
and  38.1  a  40  cts.  8th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots  at  72  cts. 
per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  5th 
mo.  17th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  322;  loads  of  straw,  48. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.10  a 
$1.20  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  $1.00  a  $1.10  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  95  cts.  a  $1.05  per  100  pounds. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  but  prices  were  a  fraction  higher: 
2700  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5] 
a  7j  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  unsettled  and  lower  :  11,000  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  3  a  0]  cts.  for  clipped, 
and  4  a  7]  cts.  for  wool  sheep.  Lambs  sold  at  $2.50  pel- 
head  to  10  cts.  per  pound. 

Hogs  were  firmly  held  :  5000  head  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  7j  a  8.1  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Foreign. — A  great  scandal  is  growing  out  of  the  dis- 
closures being  made  before  the  select  committee  of  the 
House  appointed  to  investigate  the  charges  against  the 
Transport  and  Commissariat  Departments  in  the  Anglo- 
Egyptian  campaign  of  1882.  it  has  been  shown  that 
the  hay  sent  tothejarmy  for  forage  was  not  only  mouldy, 
but  was  loaded  with  stones  and  bricks  to  make  up  for 
its  short  weight.  Cattle,  intended  for  food  for  the 
troops,  were  landed  from  the  transports  and  then  left 
unattended  until  hundreds  of  them  straved  over  into 
the   enemy's    lines,  and   more  had   to  be  "ordered  from 

cases  overloaded  when  they  left  England  to  such'  an 
extent  that  the  stores  had  to'  be  thrown  overboard  while 
proceeding  to  the  front,  in  order  to  save  the  vessels. 
At  the  Woolwich  Arsenal  they  made  branding  irons 
the  size  of  frying-pans  for  the  live  stock,  and  the  result 
of  the  use  of  these  barbarous  instruments  was  that  hun- 
dreds of  mules  for  which  treble  their  value  had  been 
paid  were  disabled  and  rendered  useless  until  after  the 
,-lose  of  the  campaign.     Hundreds  of  these  branding 


Wools 


have  testified 

literally  "tarv 

send  food  Im- 

etacl 
ng, 

portation   scr 

einb.ii  rassmei 
one  another 

used   as  scry; 

nls, 

On  the  14th,  th 


e  Commissary  Department 

British  troops  who  were 
horn  it  was  impossible  to 
ter  inefficiency  of  the  trans- 

icers  selfishly' added  to  the 
aissariat  by  bidding  against 
•sof  native  laborers,  to  be 
noi-mously  increasing   their 

i-  on  the  13th',  Sir  Michael 
on  w.i-  rejected  by  a  vote  of 
-s  voted  with  the  minority. 
■  the  second  reading  of  the 


Channel  Tunnel  bill  was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  222  t 
341. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  exportation  of  wheat  froti 
South  Australia  in  1884  will  amount  to  11,000,00 
bushels.  There  have  been  fine  rains  throughout  th 
country. 

The  French  Ministry  asks  for  a  credit  of  3S,(ion,(Hi0 
on  account  of  the  Tonquin  expedition  and  4,500,000 
on  account  of  the  expedition  to  Madagascar.  Privat 
advices  from  Antananrivo  states  that  the  Malagas! 
Government  has  made  new  overtures  of  peace  to  th 
French  authorities.  It  offers  France  £1,000,000  as  a 
indemnity  on  condition  that  France  shall  renounce  al 
claims  to  territory  in  Madagascar. 

Great  excitement  has  been  caused  in  the  norther 
part  of  Germany  by  the  success  of  the  experiment  c 
boring  for  petroleum  in  Pomerania.  A  large  Howin 
well  has  just  been  struck  at  Swantow,  which  yields  5 
per  cent,  of  pure  oil.  The  nearness  of  this  locality  t 
the  Baltic  Sea  affords  cheap  and  abundant  transport! 
tion,  and  the  Pomeranians  are  flattering  themselve 
with  the  prospect  of  becoming  independent  of  Americ 
and  Russia  by  a  home  supply  of  mineral  oil. 

The  cigars  consumed  in  Germany  during  the  pas 
year  amounted  to  a  total  weight  of  37,565  tons,  whil 
t lie  quantity  of  tobacco  consumed  in  addition  reached 
weight  of  36,595  tons. 

Emperor  William  has  accepted  the  resignation  < 
Prince  Bismarck  from  the  Presidency  of  the  Prussia 
Cabinet,  and  has  appointed  as  his  successor  von  Boe 
licher,  the  Prussian  Minister  of  State  and  Imperii 
Minister  of  the  Interior. 

The  reported  rupture  of  friendly  relations  betwee 
France  and  Morocco  has  been  confirmed,  notwithstant 
ing  the  denial  of  the  Temps. 

I,'Epoca,  newspaper,  deprecates  a  policy  of  adventur 
but  says  that  Spain  cannot  regard  with  indifference  an; 
thing  concerning  Morocco.  King  Alfonso  shows  coi 
sumptive  symptoms,  and  is  receiving  special  medic: 
treatment. 

The  majority  of  the  Czarewitcb  was  celebrated  on  tl 
18th,  in  St.  Petersburg,  by  the  various  Court  and  Sta 
ceremonies,  and  a  fete  to  the  people  in  the  field  of  Mar 

The  agitation  in  Eastern  Roumelia  for  union  wit 
Bulgaria  is  increasing.  Proclamations  have  been  issue 
calling  upon  the  people  to  take  arms. 

Constantinople.  5th  mo.  19th. — A  great  confi  lgratic 
is  taking  place  at  Bei- Bazar,  a  small  city  in  the  pr 
vince  of  Angora,  Asia  Minor.  Nearly  the  entire  low 
was  consumed.  Nine  hundred  and  fifty  dwellings,  fii 
hundred  and  forty-four  warehouses  and  shops,  elevt 
mosques,  fifteen  schools,  nine  khans  and  one  bundra 
and  forty-six  other  buildings  were  burned.-  Elevt 
persons  perished  in  the  flames. 

A  despatch  fiom  the  City  of  Mexico  says  the  Chan 
her  of  Deputies  has  authorized  the  President  to  contra 
a  loan  of  $30,000,000,  covering  the  $8,000,000  alreac 
received  by  the  Government. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 
Until  further   notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtow 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broi 
street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers 
the  school. 


The  committee  having  the  care  of  Spring  Rive 
Academy,  desire  to  procure  a  Superintendent  ar 
Matron  to  take  charge  of  the  Boarding  House.  Also 
teacher  for  the  school.  As  the  school  is  already 
debt,  it  is  desired  that  the  wages  be  based  on  the  1 
come  of  the  school. 

For  further  information  address  Benjamin  Picket 
or  Richard  Haworth,  Qnakervale,  Cherokee  count 
Kansas. 


BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CIIILDRE 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 

Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged   man  to  ass 
working  the  farm,  and   take  charge  of  the  boys 
out  of  school.     Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn 
this  service  may  applv  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sbarpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


DIED,  on  4th  mo.  25th,  at  bis  residence  in  Readi: 
Pa.,  EPHRAIM  Scarlet,  in  the  76th  year  of  his  age 
member  of  Exeter  Monthly  Meeting. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER,""" 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  FIFTH  MONTH  31,  1S84. 


NO.    43. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

iscriptions,  payments  and  business  communicalinns,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

T   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered   as  seo -ill  t  l.t^ 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "  the    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  329.) 

"1809,  9th  month  20th.  Noah,  that  de- 
voted servant  and  faithful  preacher  of  right- 
eousness, was  directed  to  labor  to  make  pre- 
saration  against  that  memorable  period,  when 
the  flood  should  be  brought  in  upon  the  world 
3f  the  ungodly,  by  building  an  ark  according 
to  God's  directions,  to  be  pitched  within  and 
whhout,  which  characterizes  the  faithful  and 
ievoted  servants  of  Jesus  Christ  in  a  self- 
Jenying  life,  where  they  are  preserved  from 
;hose  floods  of  temptation  which  come  upon 
ill  the  world  to  try  them  that  dwell  upon  all 
;he  face  of  the  earth,  for  the  saving  of  him- 
self and  his  house — those  of  the  same  living 
itith — wherein  few,  that  is  eight  souls  (all 
,he  faithful  few)  were  saved  by  water.  The 
ike  figure  whereunto  even  baptism,  the  bap- 
tism of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  tire,  doth  now 
save  us  ;  not  the  putting  away  the  filth  of  the 
iesh,  but  the  answer  of  a  good  conscience 
towards  God,  by  the  resurrection  of  Jesus 
Christ. 

Moreover,  when  God  made  covenant  with 
Abraham  concerning  the  land  of  promise,  the 
and  wherein  he  then  dwelt,  when  as  yet  he 
3ad  no  seed,  at  least  in  the  lineage  of  the 
promised  inheritance,  he  told  him  his  seed 
should  sojourn  in  a  strange  land;  that  they 
should  be  brought  into  bondage,  and  evilly 
-reated  four  hundred  years.  '  And  that  nation 
,o  whom  they  shall  be  brought  in  bondage, 
pill  I  judge,  saith  God  :  and  after  that  they 
shall  come  forth  and  serve  me  in  this  place.' 
find  so  it  came  to  pass,  as  prefigured  unto 
Abraham,  about  the  time  of  the  going  down 
j>f  the  sun,  when  a  deep  sleep  and  horror  of 
jreat  darkness  fell  upon  him  ;  when  he  had 
(hat  memorable  vision  of  the  smoking  fur- 
nace, and  a  burning  lamp,  that  passed  between 
ihe  separate  pieces  of  his  evening  oblation, 
n-epared  for  that  purpose. 

For  it  came  to  pass,  in  process  of  time,  that 
;srael  and  his  household  went  down  into 
%ypt  in  a  time  of  famine,  a  season  of  great 
ant,  to  procure  them  sustenance;  where  they 
und  succor  and  protection,  under  the  aus- 
icious  hand  of  Joseph,  the  son  of  Israel,  who, 
y  the  intervention  of  a  superintending  Provi- 
ence,  in  the  course  of  his  unfathomable  wis- 
om,  was  carried  there  before  them.  By  his 
ise  and  prudent  conduct,  and  judicious  coun- 


sel, he  obtained  favor,  and  had  great  influence 
in  the  court  of  Pharaoh,  while  he,  the  then 
reigning  king  lived.  But  it  also  came  to  pass, 
that  both  the  king,  and  Joseph  his  counsellor 
died;  and  there  arose  another  king,  who  knew 
not  Joseph,  and  treated  them  evil,  and  dealt 
subtilly  with  them,  as  was  prefigured,  and 
foretold  by  Abraham;  whereby  tbej-  were 
made  to  groan  under  the  hand  of  oppression  ; 
the  severe  exactions  of  inveterate  task-mas- 
ters. And  after  a  long  season  of  bondage, 
suffering, and  hard  labor,  in  humility  of  heart 
they  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and  Infinite  Good- 
ness saw  their  affliction,  heard  their  groans, 
and  had  compassion  on  them  in  the  day  of 
their  distress.  He  wrought  effectually  for 
them  in  the  face  of  their  enemies,  and  with  a 
high  hand  and  an  outstretched  arm,  brought 
them  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  th 
house  of  bondage.  '  The  sea  saw  it,  and  fled 
Jordan  was  driven  back;  the  mountains  skip 
ped  like  rams,  and  the  little  hills  like  lambs 
Thus  He  brought  Israel  his  chosen,  up  out  of 
Egypt,  and  the  house  of  Jacob  from  a  people 
of  a  strange  language,  and  set  their  feet  upon 
the  banks  of  deliverance;  and  enabled  them 
to  sing,  '  What  ailed  tbee,  O  sea,  that  thou 
fleddest!  and  thou  Jordan,  that  thou  wast 
driven  back!  yc  mountains,  that  ye  skipped 
like  rams,  and  ye  little  hills  like  lambs!' 

'The  law  was  given  by  Moses,  but  grace 
and  truth  came  by  Jesus  Christ.'  'The  law 
made  nothing  perfect,  but  the  bringing  in  of 
a  better  hope  did  ;  by  the  which  we  draw  nigh 
unto  God.'  'The  law  was  given  by  Moses,' 
to  the  children  of  Israel,  for  their  government 
and  preservation,  and  their  obedience  to  it 
was  their  justification,  under  that  legal  dis- 
pensation, as  far  as  the  law  could  justify  ;  and 
their  disobedience  in  like  manner  was  their 
condemnation.  'But  the  law  made  nothing 
perfect.'  It  was  adapted  to  their  outward 
condition,  as  it  preserved  them  in  their  pro- 
gress through  a  wild  waste,  and  sandy  desert, 
and  gave  them  an  inheritance  in  the  land  of 
promise;  and  was  as  a  schoolmaster,  to  bring 
them  to  Christ,  that  they  might  be  justified 
n  their  inward  and  spiritual  condition  by 
faith.  It  typified  the  spiritual  law,  written 
n  the  heart;  that  as  they  were  justified  by 
their  obedience  to  that  outward  law,  and 
thereby  obtained  a  reward  in  the  promised 
nheritance;  so  now,  those  who  are  obedient 
to  the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  life  in  Christ  Jesus, 
are  set  free  from  the  law  of  sin  and  death,  and 
made  partakers  of  an  inheritance  with  the 
saints  in  light. 

Paul  the  apostle  of  the  Gentiles,  was  aware 
of  all  this,  'That  the  law  made  nothing  per- 
fect.' The  law  was  a  system  of  t3'pes  and 
shadows  ;  that  it  was  as  a  '  schoolmaster  lead- 
ing unto  Christ,'  that,  by  the  '  bringing  in  of 
a  better  hope,  we  draw  nigh  unto  God  ;'  that 
'grace  and  truth  come  by  Jesus  Christ,'  and 
that  there  was,  and   is,  but    one   thing  can 


whereby  man  can  be  saved,  but  the  name  of 
Jesus  Christ,' — that  Christ  was  the  name  and 
power  of  salvation,  both  under  the  law  and 
gospel,  and  therefore  he  told  the  primitive 
believers,  he  '  would  not  have  tbem  ignorant, 
how  that  all  our  fathers  were  under  the  cloud, 
and  all  passed  through  the  sea;  and  were  all 
baptized  unto  Moses  in  the  cloud  and  in  the 
sea  ;  and  did  all  cat  the  same  spiritual  meat; 
and  did  all  drink  the  same  spiritual  drink  ;  for 
they  all  drank  of  that  spiritual  rock  that  fol- 
lowed them,  and  that  rock  was  Christ.  But 
with  many  of  them  God  was  not  well  pleased, 
for  the}-  were  overthrown  in  the  wilderness. 
Now  these  things  were  written  for  our  ex- 
amples, that  we  should  not  lust  after  evil 
things  as  tbey  also  lusted,  and  were  over- 
thrown in  the  wilderness.'  That  we  should 
not  provoke  the  Lord  to  jealousy  by  yielding 
our  wills  to  follow  the  evil  propensities  and 
corrupt  imaginations  of  the  heart;  as  when 
the  overflowing  scourge  was  brought  in  upon 
the  world  of  the  ungodly.  That  we  should 
not  tempt  Christ,  b3T  murmuring  against  his 
Providence,  as  some  of  them  did  in  their  wil- 
derness travel,  and  were  destroyed  by  the 
destroyer.  As  He  dealt  with  that  people,  so 
He  dealeth  with  his  people  in  all  ages,  accord- 
ing to  their  obedience  or  disobedience  to  his 
law  and  commandments.  'The  eyes  of  the 
Lord  are  over  the  righteous,  and  his  ears  are 
open  unto  their  praj-ers ;  but  the  face  of  the 
Lord  is  against  them  that  do  evil.' 

'Let  him  that  thinketh  he  standeth  take 
heed  lest  he  fall.'  Let  none  lean  to  their  own 
human  wisdom,  carnal  reasoning,  and  the 
mere  understanding  of  the  creature  in  spirit- 
ual and  divine  things,  lest  he  fall.  But  let  all 
lean  to  and  trust  in  the  Omnipotent  Arm  of 
Divine  power,  for  their  daily  support  and 
preservation  ;  for  He  only  '  knows  how  to  de- 
liver the  godly  out  of  temptation.'  He  is  a 
shield  and  sure  defence. 

"  23rd.  My  wife  left  me,  to  accompany  my 
sister,  on  her  proposed  visit  to  Pihode  Island 
Quarter.  May  I  trust  to  that  Good  Hand 
which  hath,  many  times,  covered  mo  from 
heats  and  storms  in  the  day  of  trial  hitherto. 
Lord,  to  whom  else  shall  I  go  for  succor?  for 
thou  only  hast  the  word  of  eternal  life. 

"  24th.  The  mind  sweetly  relieved  by  a 
close  searching  testimony  in  our  meeting  to- 
day.    Blessed  be  the  hand  of  help. 

'  26th.  almost  killed,  by  the  kick  of 

his  horse;  his  recovery  is  rendered  doubtful. 
An  awful  case,  indeed,  for  one  living  as  be  has 
done  for  a  long  time  past,  against  the  voice 
of  conviction,  and  against  the  voice  of  his 
friends.  O,  the  lamentable  state  of  a  depraved 
mind,  when  brought  upon  the  threshold  of 
eternity,  with  Divine  displeasure  staring  in 
the  face  through  the  compunctions  of  a  guilty 
onscience ! 

"  10th  month  1st.  Bode  to  Salem  with 
Hannah  Purinton,  and  attended   both  their 


save  the  soul  from  sin,  and  reconcile  it  unto  meetings,  where  the  gospel  flowed  like  a  run- 
God  ;  as  '  there  is  no  other  name  under  Heaven  !  ning  stream.    Returned  at  night  with  sheaves 


338 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  peace.     Thanks  to  the 
his  mercy  endureth  forever. 

"  9th.  My  wife  and  sister  returned  from 
their  journey.  It  is  pleasant  to  meet  again, 
especially  with  peaceful  minds. 

"  12th.  At  our  Monthly  Meeting  at  Salem, 
after  a  season  of  deep  immersion,  I  was, 
through  the  aid  of  the  gracious  Helper,  en- 
abled to  sound  an  alarm.  The  answers  to 
our  queries  became  a  subject  of  impressive  ex- 
ercise— the  non-attendance  of  meetings,  love 
and  unity,  detraction,  &c. ;  and  particularly 
the  frequent  and  baneful  use  of  ardent  spirits 
were  all  treated  of,  to  the  peace  and  comfort 
of  my  own  mind. 

"  17th.  O  Lord  !  thou  knowest,  and  thou 
only,  the  circumscribed  and  straitened  con- 
dition of  my  panting  soul  !  If  I  am  for  a  mo- 
ment raised  into  enjoyment,  I  soon  descend 
again  in  equal  proportion.  If  elevated  by 
human  enjoyments,  1  am  sure  to  settle  again 
in  low  depression.  I  behold  my  own  insuffi- 
ciency, and  often  see  my  soul  in  jeopardy, 
and  am  persuaded  my  preservation  is  alto- 
gether in  thee,  for  my  strength  is  in  thee.  If 
I  attempt  to  speak  in  thy  name,  my  wages 
are  apparently  small,  and  oft  tempted  with 
doubting;  if  I  forbear,  the  horrors  of  darkness 
and  perplexity  are  continually  before  me.  In 
Thee  alone  is  the  covenant  of  life,  light,  and 
peace:  and  Thou  alone  art  the  strength  of 
the  covenant.  There  is  none  in  Heaven  to 
look  to  but  Thee,  nor  in  all  the  earth,  in  com 
parison  of  Thee.  As  one  alone,  I  stand  in  my 
greatest  exercises  and  trials  ;  having  no  out 
.  ward  succor  to  look  to  in  the  hour  oi'  tempta 


of  men—  a  Walk  through  the  Natural  History  Museum 
at  Florence. 


BY   JAMES  S.    LIPPINCOTT. 

Southward  from  the  great  Pitti  palace  in 
Florence,  on  the  Via  Romana,  which,  like  all 
other  roads,  leads  to  Rome,  stands  a  structure 
whose  exterior  is  but  an  indifferent  exponent 
of  the  treasures  within.  Unlike  the  palace 
near  at  hand,  which  rises  from  Cyclopean 
walls  and  spreads  its  wings  grandiosely,  and 
lifts  its  vast  stories  forty  feet  in  height,  the 
structure  to  which  we  propose  to  introduce 
the  reader,  is  unpromising  in  the  extreme. 
The  eye  of  architectural  taste  would  appear 
to  have  been  effectually  closed  while  the 
facade  was  reconstructing,  and  every  order 
and  all  order  ignored.  Windows  of  many 
forms  and  proportions  have  been  thrown  to- 
gether as  though  they  were  the  remnant  of 
the  stock  of  a  dealer  in  old  frames,  and  the 
singular  effect  thus  produced  must  be  seen  to 
be  fully  appreciated.  The  inevitable  barred 
windows  in  the  piana  terrena  (ground  floor) 
tell  a  story  of  former  pretension  to  some  dig 
nit}'  if  not  to  opulent  elegance,  for  the  struc 
ture  was  once  a  palace.  Though  of  unpre 
possessing  exterior,  this  building  is  to  us  most 
interesting  and  attractive,  and,  we  may  add, 
one  of  the  most  creditable  to  the  intelligence 
of  Florence,  not  because  of  any  treasures  of 
art  that  it  holds,  but  for  its  treasures  of  Sci 
ence,  its  illustrations  of  her  struggles  and 
triumphs:  "  The  life  of  nature  is  better  than 
the  dead  bones  of  art." 

Over  a  high  portal  and  carriage  entrance, 
observe  an  inscription  and  mark  the  purpose 


tion,  none  to  commune  with  in   the  day  of, 

distress;  no  one  understands  my  condition.  I  of  this  rude  building,  •< R.  Museo  di  hsiea  e 
see  the  hand  of  inscrutable  wisdom  in  it,  and  jStoria  naturale.  '  Behold,  we  are  at  the  dooi 
therefore  make,  or  endeavor  to  make  thee,  O  of  the  Academy  and  Museum  of  the  Physical 
my  God'  my  only  refuge  and  rock  of  sure  »"<!  Natural  Sciences,  and  are  ready  at  once 
defence  in  time  of  temptation  and  trial.  For- 1  to  enter.  Within,  a  wide  court  open  to  the 
asmucta  then,  as  I  dare  not  ask  to  have  them  sky,  appears,  and  lofty  gray  columns  around 
ed,  gracious   and    ever    merciful   God,  sustain  the  heavy  walls  above. 

We  find  ourselves  in  an  old-time  palace 
fortunately  no  longer  the  abode  of  opulent 
"mbecility,  but  devoted  to  noble  purposes 
At  the  head  of  the  first  flight,  doors  open  into 
the  hall  of  the  botanical  museum,  lecture-room 
and  herbaria,  which  lie  in  succession  bej'ond 
In  the  first  hall  large  glazed  cases  line  the 
walls,  in  which  are  displayed  magnificent 
specimens  of  fossil  palms,  catamites,  &c.  A 
photograph  of  the  fossil  Pinites  protolarix, 
thirty-six  feet  in  circumference,  and  how  in 
the  botanical  garden  at  Breslau,  hangs  upon 
the  wall 

Beyond  the  room  we  found  a  collection  of 
natural  vegetable  products  and  illustrations 
of  strange  tropical  and  other  plants  of  an  ex 
traordinary  character,  exceedingly  interest 
ing  and  apparently  quite  as  complete  as  tha 
at  Kew.  Here  were  exhibited,  readily  acces 
sible,  giant  specimens  of  Dieksonia  antaretica 
split  open  to  show  the  peculiar  growth  o 
this  New  Zealand  tree-fern  ;  the  Xanthorrhea 
arborea.  or  grass-tree,  of  Queensland,  Aus- 
tralia; Eaphia  niffia  from  Madagascar,  exhib 
iting  remarkable  clusters  of  obovate,  brown 
smooth  cones  from  above  large  scales,  leaf 
like  and  singular;  Amorphophallus-titanicun 
from  Sumatra,  two  feet  high  and  eight  inches 
in  diameter,  resembling  a  giant  cluster  of 
ripening  dates,  an  extraordinary  product,  pi 
served  in  spirits;  and  others quito intereetii 


remov 

suffer  the  word  of  supplication  to  ascend  be- 
fore Thee,  conformably  with  that  ever  mem- 
orable language  of  thy  dear  Son,  when  em- 
bodied with  flesh,  for  and  on  account  of  his 
disciples  and  tribulated  followers:  'I  pray 
not  that  thou  shouldest  take  them  out  of  the 
world,  but  that  thou  shouldest  keep  them 
from  the  evil.'  Not  that  the  hour  of  tempta- 
tion should  be  removed;  for  that  would  frus- 
trate the  end  and  intent  of  thy  wisdom,  and 
that  necessary  probation  in  the  great  work 
of  the  soul's  refinement.  But  to  feel  the  mer- 
ciful hand  of  thy  preservation  near  when 
trials  come, — when  temptations  surround  and 
assail,  and  seem  read}'  to  envelop  the  pant- 
inir,  sinking  soul  in  darkness  and  dismay. 
Strengthen  my  soul,  O  God!  to  believe.  In- 
crease and  establish  my  faith  in  Thee,  the 
Rock  of  Ages!  that  so  I  may  learn  more  fully 
to  put  my  confidence  in  Thee,  who  never  hast 
yet  failed  in  the  full  performance  of  all  thy 
promises.  That  my  faith  may  be  strength- 
ened to  believe  in  thy  promise.  '  Blessed  is  the 
man  that  endureth  temptation.  For  when  he 
is  tried  he  shall  receive  a  crown  of  life,  which 
the  Lord  hath  promised  to  them  that  love 
Him.'  That  the  end  of  all  tribulation  may  be 
crowned  with  a  glorious  immortality  in  eter- 
nal life." 

(To  be  continued.) 

Licentiousness  will  more  thoroughly  cor- 
rupt, in  a  shorter  space  of  time,  the  moral  and 
religious  nature,  than  any  other  form  of  vice. 


with 
fungi 


which   atti 


d  the 


Oidhim  tueJceri,  &<!.,  are  represented  in  wax 
gigantic  proportions,  the  work  of  a   mastt 
hand.    A  magnificent  illustration  of  the  stru 
ture  of  the  flower  of  a  gourd  and  the  proceij 
of  fecundation  of  an  orchid  are  also  to  be  see 
here,  and  can  be  readily  studied.     These  off<| 
admirable  subjects  for  class  illustration,  whi.jl 
they  are  attractive  to  the  least  scientific. 
On  entering  the  halls,  or  saloons,  contain 
g   the    herbaria,   my    eyes    first   fell    upoi 
Loganiaceae,  named  in  honor  of  James  Logaij 
of  Philadelphia,  the  faithful  friend  and  conf. 
dential  agent  of  William  Penn,  one  of  thjj 
most  learned  men  of  his  day  and  author  of 
treatise  on  the  sexual  character  of  Zea  may\ 
(Indian   corn).     This  treatise  was  so  far 
advance  of  the  age  as  to  be  rejected  by  thj 
Philosophical  Society  of  London,  but  bavin | 
been  printed  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill,  at  Leyj 
den,  it  was  admitted  to  be  of  great  value  tj 
botanical  science. 

With  kind  courtesy  I   was  conducted  b. 
Professor  Theodore  Oaruel,  the  learned  d 
ector  of  the  botanical  department,  throug 
the  great  halls  devoted  to  the  preservation  c 
the    herbaria.     These   collections   much   e: 
ceeded  my  expectation,  and   the  manner  i 
which  they  are  arranged  should  serve. as 
model  for  imitation   by  similar  institution! 
On  shelves  around  the  walls  of  the  two  larg 
saloons,  the   fasciculi    containing   the   drie 
plants  are  arranged  in  natural  orders,  and 
classified  that  in  a  few  minutes  any  specime 
can  be  found  ;  each  is  attached  to  its  labe 
which  is  pinned  to  a  sheet  of  stiff  paper 
that  the  plant  can  be  examined  and  studia 
without  detachment  from  its  definitely  ascei; 
tained    name.     The  number  of  species  her 
arranged  is  not  yet  known,  since  the  collec 
tion  is  in  process  of  re-examination  and  cnu 
meration  by  Professor  Caruel.     Here  may  b| 
seen  those  presented  to  the  museum  by  Phili 
Barker  Webb.     This  botanist  had  travelle 
extensively  over  a   large  portion  of  Europ> 
and  Asia  Minor,  accompanied  by  Berthollet 
and  together  they  published  a  volume  on  thi' 
Canary    islands,    where    he    had   for  severa 
years  resided.     Having  visited   Florence,  ii 
1848,   he  was   so   much   impressed   with  th< 
value  of  its  botanical  collection,  and  with  th< 
interest  in  the  museum  shown  by  the  Granc 
Duke,  that  he  bequeathed  his  rare  herbariunr 
to  the  prince,  and  endowed  the  botanical  sec 
tion  with  an  annual  income  to  aid  in  its  exteni 
sion.     His  botanical  library  of  5000  volumes 
is  fitly  arranged  in  an  adjoining  room. 

The  herbarium  of  Webb  is  said  to  have  con- 
tained  eighty  thousand  specimens.  What 
tales  they  could  tell  of  wanderings  in  the  far- 
away wilds  in  which  they  grew,  of  wcarj 
travel  amidst  deserts,  forests,  swamps  and  on! 
Alpine  heights,  by  enthusiasts  prompted  by 
the  genius  of  science.  None  but  the  devoted 
to  botanical  research  or  the  mania  for  collect- 
ing, can  know  the  joys  of  the  discoverer  o) 
unknown  plants.  To  find  a  species  hitherto 
undescribed,  or  better  still,  the  representative 
of  a  new  genus,  thrills  him  with  a  joy  unj 
known  to  common  mortals. 

Here  I  had  the  pleasure  of  looking  through 
the  oldest  known  herbarium,*  that  of  Andre. 

*  This  is  the  oldest  known  herbarium,  unless  the  rJ 
cently  discovered  garland  on  the  mummy  of  AmenoJ 
hotep  I.  be  regarded  in  the  character  of  a  "  hortud 
siccus."  These  garlands  are,  for  the  most  part,  in  at 
perfect  preservation  as  if  in  a  herbarium.  Among 
these  ancient  Egyptian  plants,  Delphinium  orientalist 
Nymplum  carulea,  Nymplicea  lotus  and  Carthamus  tinctoriul 


THE    FRIEND. 


339 


Cassalpini,  which,  according  to  the  dedication  For  ,.The  Friend  .. 

H|i8  own  handwriting,  was  made  in  Pisa  in  Visil  of  m[m  Kennard  to  Ne¥  York  and 

New  England  in  1841. 

(Concluded  from  page  331.) 


In  addition  to  Webb's  vast  collection  ther 
nay  here  be  seen  the  plants  of  Pavon  from 
Uhili  and  Peru,  those  collected  by  Labilliar- 
liere,  who  accompanied  La  Perouse  to  New 
Elolland,  and  of  Desfontaines  and  Merrier  in 
Cunis   and    Algeria.      Labilliardiere    having 
>een  taken  prisoner  by  the  Dutch  and   h" 
lolleetion  brought  to  England,  it  was,  throng 
hegenerous  intervention  of  Sir  Joseph  Bank 
estored  unopened,  "lest,"  as  Sir  Joseph  wrote 
oJussieu,  "a  single  botanical  thought  should 
ie  taken  from  him  who   had  gained  them  at 
he   expense   of  his    own    life."      Noble    Si 
oseph  ! — Amer.  Mat. 

Young  Philadelphia  Cricketers  in  New  York. 
pecial  Dispatch  to  The  TrsiES.. 

New  York.  May  18.— The  Belmont  Junior 
Bcket  Club,  composed  of  about  two  dozen 
'hiladelphia  boys,  whose  ages  range  from  ten 
3  eighteen,  recently  conceived  the  idea  of 
oming  to  New  York,  seeing  the  city  and 
laying  a  game  of  cricket  with  the  junior 
leven  of  the  Staten  Island  Cricket  Club, 
'hey  had  a  benefit  performance  in  the  Chest- 
ut  St.  Theatre  one  day  last  week,  at  which  all 
aeir  friends  attended.  Enough  moneys  was 
lised  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  boys  to  this 
ity  and  to  permit  them  to  see  the  sights, 
'riday  afternoon  they  arrived  at  the  Fifth 
.venue  Hotel  and  were  received  by  some 
•iends  of  their  parents.  On  Friday  evening 
ie  Belmont  went  to  a  theatre  iii  a  body, 
aturday  they  went  to  Staten  Island  and  de- 
sated  the  junior  eleven.  Last  evening  the 
ielmont  boys  again  visited  a  Metropolitan 
aeatre  together  and  to-day  they  were  enter- 
tained on  Staten  Island.  They  will  return 
)  Philadelphia  to-morrow. 


All  the  meetings  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
were  attended;  at  two  of  which  William  was 
silent.  Accompanied  by  another  Friend,  he 
attended  a  few  meetings  north  of  the  city. 
When  at  William  Evans',  remarks  were  made 
relative  to  the  pictures  and  engravings  in 
some  Friends'  houses.  Elizabeth  said,  with 
emphasis  and  emotion,  "  O,  those  images  on 
the  walls  of  Friends'  houses!"  She  spoke  of 
her  recent  religious  visit  to  some  of  the  Quar- 
terly Meetings;  said  she  was  much  drawn  in 
feeling  and  testimony  towards  the  young 
people,  "  Often,  when'they  were  broken  and|snok 
tendered,  I  would  gladly  have  taken  then 
y  arms,  but  could  only  give  them  my  h 


ii  in 
and 


My  first  distinct  recollection  of  W.  K.  was 
at  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting,  on  a  public  meeting 
day.  He  was  sitting  at  its  head.  Near  the 
close  of  the  meeting  he  knelt  in  supplication, 
laid  his  right  hand  upon  the  frame  of  the 
large  partition,  and  his  left  upon  the  railing, 
with  his  eyes  unclosed  and  his  countenance 
raised.  As  he  became  earnestly  engaged,  his 
strong  voice  penetrated  every  part  of  the 
house,  and  solemnized  the  assembly,  while 
the  trembling  of  his  person  shook  the  parti- 
tion. I  remembered  the  passage,  ''And  as 
they  prayed  the  place  was  shaken."  I  had 
never  heard  a  more  awe-inspiring  prayer. 

Before  the  division  in  '54,  several  ministers 

from  other  Yearly  Meetings  were  in  attend- 

nce  at  ours.     Two   or   more. of  them    had 

in    succession.     William    arose,   and 

his  clear,  penetrating,  almost  startling 

j  voice,  like  a  trumpet,  cried,  as  in  the  vision 


md  turn  away,  lest  they  should  depend  too  did  a  watcher  and  holy  one  that  came  down 
nuch  upon  the  instrument  that  could  do  from  heaven,  "Hew  down  the  tree,  cut  off  his 
mining  for    hem,  instead  of   their  dear  Sa-  branches,  shake  oft' his  leaves  and  scatter  his 


of 


viour,  who  alone  could  preserve  and  sustain  f,.uit;»  following  in  a  close,  searching  testi- 
theJT1-  |  mony  in  the  demonstration  of  the  Spirit,  and 

F«rst-day   afternoon,  we  were  at  Thomas  in    the   authority  of  the   unchanging   truth 
Kites.     He  told  us  his  practice  was,  at  that  WDieh  must  finally  reign  over  all. 
time,  to  read  a  portion  of  Scripture;  would;      _       , 

we  be  willing  to  listen.  Cheerfully  assent  in  <>•  '  lo  tbese  reminiscences  are  subjoined  the 
he  read  for  our  instruction  the  entire  book  of  followi"g  instructive  extracts  from  a  few  of 
Joel.    One  in  the  station  of  a  minister,  through  thc  letters  of  William  Kennard. 

un watchfulness  and  an  undue  pursuit  of  busi-l      1842.     To soon  after  their  mar- 

ness,  was  likely  to  lose  his  gift,  occasioning  riage. 

his  friends  uneasiness  and  fear.  William  felt  There  is  no  unpleasant  feeling  with  me 
grieved  and  much  exercised  on  his  account,  in  regard  to  your  being  joined  together  in 
He  took  with  him  two  solid  Friends,  paid  the  Lord  ;  may  He  be  pleased  to  bless  you 
him  a  visit,  feelingly  gave  him  counsel,  and  in-  with  the  dew  of  Heaven  and  also  the  fatness 
terceded  on  his  behalf.  The  Friend  appeared  of  the  earth,  if  He  sceth  that  you  can  bear  it, 
humbled,  broken  and  tender,  which  gave  and  live,  and  move,  and  have  your  being  in 
W  illiam  a  hope  that  his  day  of  visitation  and  Him.  I  also  like  the  prospect  of  your  settle- 
usefulness  was  not  yet  ended.  Being  still  ment  among  us.  In  the  course  of  your  pro- 
quite  unwell,  William  felt  fully  released  from  posed  visit,  may  you  be  favored  with  a  pros- 


going  to  Muncy,  as  he  had  intended,  and  we  perous  journeys,  to  retur 
ie  Friend."     returned   homeward.     We  arrived  at  Mount  pointed   time.     O,  saith 


ore  than  much  argument,  why  it  is  that  con 
stent  Friends  are  constrained  to  withhold 
irir  approval  from  professional  and  absorb- 
ig  games  of  all  and  every  sort.  It  is  the 
rivilege  of  those  who  are  gifted  with  "the 
ght  of  the  living"  to  see  the  tendencies  of 


to  us  at  the  ap- 
.u  pointed   time.     O,  saith    1113'  soul!    may  the 
The  peiusalofthc  above  news,  cl.pped  from  Pleasant  10th  mo.  21st.  meeting   our  many  Lord  be  pleased  to  go  with   you;    may  the 
ie  of  our  dailies,  may  satisfy  our  members  friends  at  the  Boarding  School  with  thankful-  angel  of  his  presence  sustain  you,  and  keep 

ness  and  peace.  "  He  that  goeth  forth  and  you  as  in  the  hollow  of  his  holy  hand  ;  that 
weepeth,  bearing  precious  seed,  shall  doubt-  'in  the  place  of  the  father  there  may  be  the 
less  return  again  with  joy,  bringinghis  sheaves  son,  and  in  place  of  the  mother  there  may  be 
with  him."  j  the  daughter,  to  fill  the  places  of  fathers  and 

During  our  journey,  many  events  tran-  mothers  in  Israel.  Remember  mo  to  my 
spired,  we  were  willing  to  believe,  in  the  or-  friends:  I  feel  a  deep  interest  in  those  anions 
w h,l  things,  as  well  as  the  wrong  of  unlaw-  dering  of  Divine  Wisdom.  William  was  not  whom  we  travelled.  In  many  instances  they 
3  things,  and  such  are  preserved  from  the  usually  lengthy,  but  cautious  and  weighty  in  were  brought  near  to  us  in  the  precious  cove- 
lare,  and  are  instrumental  also  in  preserving  his  communications,  appearing  to  speak  with-'  nant  of  life  ;  in  which  the  Lord  Jesus  deigned 
icir  children.  How  can  those  who  promote  out  premeditation,  under  the  immediate  guid-  to  be  near,  to  the  melting  of  our  hearts  to- 
ich  unhallowed  recreation  for  the  youth,  ask  ance  of  the  Holy  Spirit.     He  frequently  ap-1  gether  and  rejoicing  our  spirits  as  in  his  pre- 

the  Lord  help  to  train  the  children  tor  his  peared  in  supplication,  in  which  he  was  re-  senee.  • 

Tvice  and  kingdom  ?  markable  for  fervency,  earnestness,  depth  and  j      When  there  has  been  a  falling  short,  either 

ive  been  satisfactorily  determined  from  the  petals  and  ^l-T^/',  J°  T"I  °?,  ^  famil>'  °PP0l:tl1-  ''"  omission  or  commission,  it  is  of  the  Lord's 
pals  which  were  found  arranged  in  rows  and  attached  tle*  "e  <lloPP.°a  into  silence,  no  notice  being  mercy  that  He  shows  unto  us,  "our  feet  were 
willow  leaves  (Snlix  sahaf)  by  means  of  thread  of  rhe  glven — "  He  being  dead  yet  speaketh."  We  almost  gone,  our  steps  had  well  nigh  slipped." 
;te  leaf,  the  whole  forming  a  garland.  The  dried!  were  absent  six  months,  travelled  3300  miles,  Then  are  we  brought  low  and  humbled  beinc 
nt  and  yellow  blossoms  of  Acacia  nilotica  were  also!  visited  100  meetings,  and   had  42  family  op-  made  willing  to  suffer;  desirino-  that  his  hnnH 


on  some  of  the  other  mummies  fine  detached 
ecimens  of  blue  and  white  lotus,  with  stem,  blossom 
d  seed-pods  complete.  Upon  another  was  found  a 
:hen  (Parmelia  furfuracea),  a  plant  indigenous  to  the 
andsof  the  Greek  archipelago,  and  which  must  have 
en  brought  to  Egypt  B.  C.  1100  or  B.  C.  1200.  It  is 
Id  by  the  native  druggists  at  this  day. 
These  frail  relics  of  the  past  have  been  arranged  for 
e  Boolak  Museum, classified,  mounted  and  illustrated 

modern  examples  of  the  same  flowers  and  plants, 
d  fill  eleven  cases — an  unique  collection.     Thc  hues 

these  old-world  flowers  are  said  to  be  as  brilliant  as 
ose  of  their  modern  illustrators,  and  were  it  not  that 
e  tables  show  them  to  be  3000  years  apart,  no  ordinary 
server  could  distinguish  between  those  buried  with 
e  Pharaohs  and  those  gathered  and  dried  but  a  few 
isons  since. 


portunities. 


may  not  spare  nor  his  ej-e  pity-,  until  He  has 
brought  forth  judgment  unto  righteousness 
and  again  loves  us  freely. 

"  To  this  man  will  I  look,"  saith  the  Lord, 
"  who  is  of  a  contrite  heart  and  an  humble 
spirit,  to  revive  the  spirits  of  the  humble  and 
with  a  minute,  on  one  of  those  occasions,  he!  to  revive  the  hearts  of  the  contrite  ones." 
came  to  visit  his  former  companion,  who  was.  Herein  is  abundant  cause  to  thank  God  and 
then  under  trial  and  discouragement.  His  take  courage  for  the  deep  feeling  of  peace,  the 
first  message  was:  "Satan  hath  desired  to,  sweet  enjoyment  and  covering  of  his  Holy 
have  thee,  that  he  might  sift  thee  as  wheat ;  Spirit,  reaching  the  witness  in  others  and 
but  I  have  prayed  for  thee  that  thy  faith  fail,  bringing  us  together  in  the  covenant  of  life; 

to   sit    together   in  heavenly 
esus;  whilst  the  inner  man 


William  Kennard  did  not  subsequently  per- 
form any  lengthy  journey,  but  visited  some 
of  the  Quarterly  and  their  subordinate  meet- 
ings and  families  near  home.     When  abroad 


~  .-  «  *   — ~.~   y,.  ^.j  ^^  ivi    ...j..  ^   uu.iu   uu^»    nx\  \jia  xcni    uiiiii;iiii;    u-.    1  <  >:m.  I  IJ 

not,  and  when  thou  art  converted  strengthen!  permitting   us   to 
the  brethren."  | places  in  Christ  Je 


340 


THE    FRIEND. 


is  sustained,  by  the  unsearchable  riches  of  his 
grace,  partaking  of  the  rich  repast,  the  blessed 
supper  of  his  flesh  and  of  his  blood.  This  re 
mains  to  be  a  great  mystery  to  thousands. 
who  hold  to  types,  forms  and  shadows,  which 
must  all  end  in  Christ,  the  substance. 

Alas!  how  many  have  fallen,  who  have 
"  tasted  of  the  good  word  of  God  and  the 
powers  of  the  world  to  come,"  by  not  abiding 
in  their  first  lovo,  in  Him  to  whom  they  were 
espoused,  even  Christ!  They  have  suffered 
"a  root  of  bitterness  to  spring  up,  whereby 
many  have  been  defiled,"  so  as  to  divide  in 
Jacob  and  scatter  in  Israel.  The  exhortation 
of  the  apostle  should  ever  be  heeded  by  all. 
"Let  him  that  thinketh  be  standeth  take 
heed  lest  he  fall." 

Malaga,  11th  rao.,  1842. 

Dear  Friend, — I  have  felt  much  anxiety 
for  thy  prosperity  and  best  welfare  in  the 
truth,  which  waxeth  not  old  ;  and  that,  as  a 
good  scribe,  tbou  may  bring  forth  out  of  the 
King's  treasury,  things  both  new  and  old. 
But  this  requires  a  willingness  to  even  get 
down  as  at  the  feet  of  Jesus  and  there  to 
abide,  in  a  low  and  humble  frame  of  mind, 
until  that  Spirit  which  is  holy,  pure,  just  and 
peaceable;  which  in  the  beginning  moved 
upon  the  face  of  the  waters,  and  divided  the 
light  from  the  darkness,  may  move  upon  thy 
heart  and  divide  the  word  aright.  Thus,  as 
a  good  steward  of  the  manifold  graces  of  God, 
may  thou  take  root  downward,  and  deepen 
more  and  more  in  the  mysteries  and  ministra- 
tion of  life  and  salvation  ;  and  so  become  as  a 
fruit-bearing  branch  unto  Ilim,  who,  I  believe, 
hath  called  thee  with  a  high  and  holy  calling. 

So,  dear  friend,  keep  thy  eye  single  unto 
Ilim  ;  keep  under  an  exercise  of  mind  and  a 
wrestling  with  the  right  wrestling  seed  of 
Jacob;  remembering  that  he  that  believeth 
maketh  not  haste;  but  waiteth  till  necessity 
is  laid  upon  him;  and  then,  in  as  few  words 
only  as  will  unburthen  the  mind,  presents 
the  offering,  which  leaves  the  reward  of  peace. 
This  is  most  safe  at  all  times,  especially  in 
seasons  of  storms  and  tempests,  which  strike 
heavily  upon  tall  cedars  and  sturdy  oaks, 
whose  spreading  tops  and  wide  extending 
branches  fall  before  the  winds;  while  the 
little,  lowly  shrubs,  having  no  great  show  of 
top,  but  being  deeply  rooted,  weather  out  the 
raging  storm. 

If  there  is  one  sin  of  the  tongue  which  is 
more  hateful  than  another,  surely  it  is  the  sin 
of  uncharitable  charitableness.  Every  state- 
ment has  its  implications,  as  the  lawyers  say  ; 
and  sometimes  the  most  effectual  way  of 
slandering  your  neighbor  is  to  express  a  char- 
itable hope  that  he  may  not  be  as  bad  as  some 
people  have  reason  to  think  him.  There  is 
nothing  which  hurts  reputation  like  suspicion, 
and  there  is  nothing  which  more  directly 
suggests  suspicion  than  the  apparent  reluc- 
tance with  which  one  person  acknowledges 
his  hope  that  another  person  may  be  an  honest 
man  in  spite  of  what  he  himself  might  say  if 
he  would.  "  I  know  that  that  is  not  true  of 
Mr.  Asterisk,"  said  one  sharply.  "I  hope 
not,"  blandly  responded  Mr.  Blank.  "I  will 
try  not  to  believe  it  as  long  as  I  can  help." 
Some  time  later,  Mr.  Asterisk's  reputation 
was  abundantly  cleared,  and  that  from  the 
very  same  source  where  it  had  been  first 
called  in  question.  "Now  you  see  it  has 
turned  out  all  right,"  said  the  one  who  had 
expressed  his  beliel  in  Mr.  Asterisk's  inno- 


cence. "Not  ichiteu ashed,  I  hope  !"  said  Mr. 
Blank — who  was,  of  course,  too  charitable  to 
speak  uncharitably. 


For  "  The  Fri( 


AN  ORISON. 
"  I  cried  unto  God  with  my  voice,  and  He  gave  ear 
unto  me." — Ps.  Ixxvii.  1. 

The  way  is  very  steep,  my  Father, 

Hold  thou  my  hand, 
Let  me  not  fail  or  fall ;  the  rather, 
Make  me  to  stand 
Firm  in  thy  strength,  O  Lord, 
Through  thy  in-breathing  Word. 

The  winds  are  very  chill ;  around  me, 

Fierce  blows  the  gale; 
By  thy  protecting  care  surround  me, 
When  these  assail. 
Helpless,  I  come  to  thee, 
Bowing  the  suppliant  knee. 

The  waves  beat  very  high  ;  the  billows 

Lash  to  and  fro; 
But  on  thy  breast  ruy  tired  head  pillows, 
Let  me  not  go. 
Sheltered  and  kept  by  thee, 
No  harm  may  come  to  me. 

The  path  seems  very  lone  ;  friends,  other, 

Falter  and  fail, 
Be  thou  a  closer  Friend  than  brother, 
When  foes  assail. 
Be  near  when  ills  betide, 
Through  snares  be  thou  my  Guide. 

My  feet  are  very  sore;  and  hunger 

Gnaws  at  my  heart. 
Feed,  O  thou  Bread  of  Life,  nor  sunder, — 
Nor  from  me  part, 
Heal  thou  the  wound  and  pain, 
So  I  press  on  again. 

The  world  seems  very  dark.     Thy  glory 

Bids  me  look  up, 
Assured,  though  youth,  or  old  age,  hoary, 
Drain  sorrow's  cup, 
Thy  seed  thou 'It  not  forsake, 
Nor  bending  reed  wilt  break. 

And  so,  though  hungry,  worn  and  weary, 

I  come  to  thee. 
From  "strife  of  tongues"  and  tempest  dreary, 
Shelter  thou  me. 
Father,  thou  nearest  my  cry, 
Pass  not  thy  suppliant  by. 

A.  L.  Washburn. 
Philada.,  5th  mo.  17th,  18S4. 

Selected. 

A  PARABLE. 

BY   JAMES   RUSSELL   LOWELL. 

Said  Christ  our  Lord,  "  I  will  go  and  see 
How  the  men,  my  brethren,  believe  in  me." 
He  passed  not  again  through  the  gate  of  birth, 
But  made  himself  known  to  the  children  of  earth. 

Then  said  the  chief  priests,  and  rulers,  and  kings, 
"Behold,  now,  the  Giver  of  all  good  things; 
Go  to,  let  us  welcome  with  pomp  and  state 
Him  who  alone  is  mighty  and  great." 

With  carpets  of  gold  the  ground  they  spread, 

Wherever  the  Son  of  man  should  tread, 

And  in  palace-chambers  lofty  and  rare 

They  lodged  him,  and  served  him  with  kingly  fare, 

Great  organs  surged  through  arches  dim 
Their  jubilant  Hoods  in  praise  of  Him; 
And  in  church  and  palace  and  judgment-hall 
He  saw  his  image  high  over  all. 

But  still,  wherever  his  steps  they  led, 
The  Lord  in  sorrow  bent  down  his  head, 
And  from  under  the  heavy  foundation-stones 
The  Son  of  Mary  heard  bitter  groans. 

And  in  church  and  palace  and  judgment-hall 
He  marked  great  fissures  that  rent  the  wall, 
And  opened  wider  and  yet  more  wide 
As  the  living  foundation  heaved  and  sighed. 

"  Have  ye  founded  your  thrones  and  altars,  then, 
On  the  bodies  and  souls  of  living  men  ? 
And  think  ye  that  building  shall  endure 
Which  shelters  the  noble  and  crushes  the  poor '.' 


"  With  gates  of  silver  and  bars  of  gold 

Ye  have  fenced  my  sheep  from  their  Father's  fold,  j 

I  have  begird  the  droppings  of  their  tears 

In  heaven  these  eighteen  hundred  years." 

"  O  Lord  and  Master,  not  ours  the  guilt, 
We  build  but  as  our  fathers  built; 
Behold  thine  images,  how  they  stand, 
Sovereign  and  sole,  through  all  our  land. 

"  Our  task  is  hard— with  sword  and  flame 
To  hold  thy  earth  for  ever  the  same, 
And  with  sharp  crooks  of  steel  to  keep 
Still,  as  thou  leftest  them,  thy  sheep." 

Then  Christ  sought  out  an  artisan, 
A  low-browed,  stunted,  haggard  man, 
And  a  motherless  girl,  whose  lingers  thin 
Pushed  from  her  faintly  want  and  sin. 

These  set  He  in  the  midst  of  them, 
And  as  they  drew  back  their  garment-hem 
For  fear  of  defilement,  "  Lo,  here,  said  He, 
"The  images  ye  have  made  of  me." 

For  "  The  Friend 

The  following  extract  from  an  epistle  i 
dressed  by  the  Yearly  Meeting  at  Hobarton 
Van  Dietnan's  Land,  to  the  Meeting  for  Sul 
ferings  in  London,  about  1859,  has  been  pub 
lished  in  a  former  volume  of  "The  Friend; 
but  as  is  said  in  the  introductory  remark 
that  "  the  Christian  testimony  to  plainness  i 
worthy  of  the  attention  of  all,"  so  it  seem 
particularly  applicable  to  our  times. 

"Although  we  are  far  from  desiring  to  at 
tach  undue  importance  to  plainness  of  speed 
and  apparel,  we,  nevertheless,  believe  tha 
these  testimonies  are  but  parts  of  a  grea 
whole — a  practical  carding  out  of  Christiai 
principles.  We  believe  that  our  predecessor! 
in  the  faith  of  Christ  were  led  into  the  adop 
tion  of  these  practices  by  the  Spirit  of  truth 
and  we  have  observed,  in  some  cases  when 
they  have  been  abandoned,  it  has  too  oftei 
proved  a  gap  in  the  hedge  of  the  Lord's  vine 
yard,  through  which  the  destroyer  has  fount 
entrance  ;  we  believe  that  it  leads,  and  hat 
generally  led,  to  weakness  and  dwarfishnesi 
in  religious  growth,  and,  sometimes,  to  ar 
entire  departure  from  our  religious  principles 
On  the  contrary,  those  who  have  maintains 
these  testimonies,  believing  them  to  be  of  di 
vine  requiring,  have  felt  them  to  be  a  test  o: 
obedience  tending  to  humble  our  nature  anc 
bring  it  under  the  operation  of  the  daily  cross 
which,  while  yielding  present  peace,  has 
proved  a  stepping-stone  to  higher  dut 
Faithful  in  the  little,  they  have  been  entrusted 
with  more;  and  it  has  pleased  their  divint 
Master  to  honor  them  as  good  and  faithfu 
servants.  Some  may  be  inclined  to  treat  these 
testimonies  as  things  of  little  moment;  y 
would  it  not  be  well  for  such  to  consider  that 
nothing  is  realty  unimportant  that  recomj 
mends  itself  to  our  attention  as  a  religious 
duty." 

Some  men's  memories  are  so  retentive  as 
to  be  an  inconvenience  to  them.  If  they  read 
something  bad  or  trashy  it  haunts  them  fin 
weeks.  Bayard  Taylor  often  complained  oi 
the  tenacity  with  which  his  memory  held  orJ 
to  the  most  absurd  things.  But  then  Tayloi 
read  every  thing  that  came  in  his  way,  andj 
thus  degraded  his  memory  to  the  uses  of  a 
packhorse.  Bryant,  also  had  a  marvellous 
memory,  but  he  never  abused  it.  Knowing 
that  it  never  forgot  any  thing,  he  was  fastidlj 
ous  about  his  reading,  and  never  browsed 
among  unclean  or  worthless  books.  His  memj 
ory,  therefore,  instead  of  annoying,  soothed) 

d  exhilarated  him.     When  at  sea,  ho  wad 


THE    FRIEND. 


341 


always  too  sick  to  read  much.  But  such  was 
his  familiarity  with  the  English  poets  that 
he  would  beguile  the  time  by  reciting  page  after 
page  from  favorite  poems.  However  long 
the  voyage,  he  never  exhausted  the  resources 
of  his  memory.  "If  allowed  a  little  time," 
he  once  said,  in  his  later  years,  "  I  could  re- 
call every  line  of  poetry  I  have  ever  written." 
Young  persons  gifted  with  a  retentive  mem- 
ory should  imitate,  in  their  reading,  the  fas- 
tidiousness of  Bryant  rather  than  the  vora- 
ciousness of  Taylor.  Xow  and  then  a  young 
man  or  a  young  woman,  when  tempted  t<> 
read  a  bad'  book,  says  to  himself:  "  ()  !  I'll 
only  look  it  through  ;  it  won't  hurt  me."  But 
it  will.  And  the  stronger  the  memory  the 
greater  and  more  lasting  will  be  the  injury. 
The  evil  which  a  bad  book  does  lives  long 
after  its  title  hag  been  forgotten.  It  raises 
bad  thoughts  and  images,  which  will  not 
down  when  we  bid  them. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  page  331.) 

Eespecting  our  American  cities,  we  at  the 
East  are,  in  the  main,  happily  exempt  from 
this  wholesale  misuse  of  the  daj*  of  rest  so  far 

the  opening  of  the  theatres  is  concerned. 
In  the  West,  however,  where  the  infusion  of 
the  German  nationality  is  large,  there  appears 
to  be  a  rapid  approach  to  (with  too  frequent- 
ly an  arrival  at)  the  undesirable  European 
model.  It  is  within  the  memory  of  the  writer 
that  the  city  of  New  Orleans  was  spoken  of 

possessing  a  bad  pre-eminence,  in  that  it 
was  tho  only  one  in  the  Union  where  per- 
formances at  the  theatres  on  the  first  day  of 
the  week  were  openly  tolerated.  A  recent 
ter  in  the  New  York  Independent,  who 
was  a  resident  in  the  former  city  for  some 
years  previous  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  late 
Civil  War,  testifies  to  the  same  fact. 

If  one  will  merely  glance  at  the  "Amuse- 
ments," portion  of  a  Western  paper,  such  as 
that  of  the  Chicago  Tribune,  (published  every 
day  of  the  week,)  he  will  find  whole  columns 
filled  with  "  Special  Sunday  advertisements" 
similar  to  the  following.  One  theatre  an- 
nounces "The  Lights  of  London,"  another 
promises  "A  Spectacular  Melodrama,"  at  the 
Grand  Opera  House  will  be  given  an  en- 
tertainment by  an  "  Opera  Comique  Compa- 
ny," at  another  place  an  orchestra  of  forty 
performers  may  be  heard,  at  still  another  the 
Great  Chicago  Museum  and  Theatre  offers  its 
varied  attractions — and  so  on.  Then  there 
are  the  scores  of  still  lower  music  halls  and 
play-bouses,  whether  advertised  or  not,  which 

"11  be  found  in  full  blast.  Hence,  we  need 
not  seek  to  probe  the  repulsive  depths  of 
wickedness  which  these  together  present,  to 
be  assured  that  a  city,  so  unmindful  of  the 
lesson  of  the  awful  fire-scourge  which  deso- 
lated it  but  a  few  years  ago,  is  but  heaping 
together  an  accumulation  of  iniquities  which 
nvite  a  sorrowful  requital  in  the  day  of  the 
Lord's  visitation,  when  He  shall  make  inquiry 
for  the  souls  of  those  whom  the  abominations 
of  Baal  shall  have  overcome. 

If  we  turn  next  to  the  "  Queen  City  of  the 
West,"  we  observe  the  like  manifestation  of 
1  spirit  of  religious  indifference  and  of  pleas- 
ure-seeking in  the  midst  of  trouble,  exempli- 
fied during  the  calamitous  period  of  the  floods 
sf  this  and  of  tho  preceding  3-ear.     In  vain  do 


we  look  for  that  general  bewailment  and  bum- 
bling of  self  which  prostrated  Nineveh  of  old 
at  the  preaching  of  Jonah  and  caused  it  to 
turn,  for  the  time  at  least,  repentant  to  the 
Lord.  One  of  Cincinnati's  papers,  the  TI"t  st- 
ern  Christian  Advocate,  writing  last  year  soon 
after  the  occurrence  of  the  destructive  flood 
of  that  season,  said — with  respect  to  the  dra- 
matic and  musical  dissipation  of  its  people — 
that  -  during  the  last  few  months  there  has 
been  an  extravagant,  almost  an  insane,  ex- 
penditure for  the  gratification  of  this  predi- 
lection. *  *  But  while  all  this  is  going  on, 
there  are  hundreds  of  families  in  this  city  who 
have  been  in  a  sad  state  of  poverty  ever  since 
the  flood,  and  for  whom  it  has  been  extremely 
difficult  to  obtain  proper  food  and  clothing 
and  shelter.  *  *  The  Children's  Home,  that 
not  many  yearsago  was  the  pet  ofthochurcb.es 
of  the  city,  has  been  lately  somehow  made  the 
beneficiary  of  a  theatrical  entertainment !  *  * 
The  fact  that  now  and  then  the  proceeds  of 
an  operatic  or  dramatic  entertainment  are  ap- 
plied to  a  benevolent  object,  does  not.  on  the 
whole,  make  things  better.  Beal  benevolence 
is  not  increased;  and  the  confused  notions 
upon  the  subject  of  theatre-going  which  are 
induced  by  such  gifts  are  obviously  harmful 
to  religion."  Then  adverting  to  the  thousands 
of  flourishing  whiskey,  wine  and  beer  saloons 
permitted  in  their  midst,  the  article  concludes, 
— "  what  a  spectacle  all  this  to  angels  and 
men — religion  struggling  to  lift  up  and  puri- 
fy ;  worldliness  and  extravagance  seeking  to 
consume  wealth  in  selfish  pleasures  and  ex- 
cesses; drunkenness  abounding;  and  the  dregs 
of  humanity  blacker  ami  more  abundant." 

Hence,  whether  one  city  or  all  cities,  for- 
getful of  God  and  unreached  and  unrepentant 
in  the  midst  of  His  many  mercies  and  merci 
fully-directed  judgments,  be  those  whose  a  wful 
punishment  and  irrecoverable  fall  are  held  up 
to  us  as  that  of  the  Babylon  which  John  the 
Apostle  saw  ;  there  is  withal  sore  need  to 
be  re-sounded  and  heedfully  kept  in  view, 
what  was  prophetically  uttered  concerning 
the  callous-hearted  city,  that,  because  "  she 
saith  in  her  heart,  I  sit  a  queen,  arid  am  no 
widow,  and  shall  see  no  plagues,  therefore 
shall  her  plagues  come  in  one  day,  death  and 
mourning,  and  famine  ;  and  she  shall  be  utter- 
ly burned  with  fire  ;  for  strong  is  the  Lord 
God  wbojudgeth  her.  *  *  And  the  voice  of 
harpers,  and  musicians,  and  of  pipers  and 
trumpeters,  shall  be  heard  no  more  at  all  in 
thee."* 

Since  the  above  was  written,  the  great  riot 
at  Cincinnati,  with  its  accompaniment  of 
killing,  maiming  and  burning,  and  the  at- 
tempted release  and  threatened  lynching  of 
its  "jailful  of  murderers,"  has  taken  place. 
Having  had  occasion  last  autumn  to  pass  a 
First-day  in  that  city.  I  could  not  but  notice 
the.  large  number  ofopen  shops,  and  especially 
the  liquor  saloons  with  wide-open  doors,  many 
of  them  filled  with  young  men  and  mere  lads. 
Taking  into  consideration,  therefore,  the  ex- 
istence   of  this    wholesale   and    unconcealed 


*  The  writer  is  very  far  from  desiring  to  magnify  tlie 
seriousness  of  the  situation  either  in  the  cities  named  or 
in  any  others.  Remembering  that,  in  all  our  commercial 
centres,  there  are  found  those,  and  many  of  them,  who 
are  of  "  the  salt  of  the  earth,"  he  would  adopt  the  lan- 
guage of  that  gentle-hearted  spirit  who  wrote  of  Lon- 
don in  the  midst  of  its  abounding  wickedness  : 
"  Ten  righteous  would  have  saved  a  city  once, 

But  thou  hast  many  righteous — well  for  thee 

That  salt  preserves  thee." 


drinking  habit,  together  with  the  fact  that  the 
theatres  and  music  halls  of  all  kinds  are  open 
every  night  of  the  week,  whilst  the  Bible  is 
banished  from  the  public  schools,  it  was  ob- 
vious to  the  writer  that  the  workers  of  evil 
were  being  multiplied  there  to  an  extremely 
dangerous  extent.  In  Cleveland  again,  the 
public  school  buildings  are  being  used  as 
dancing  halls,  where  the  pupils  may  learn  the 
alluring  art  of  dancing,  in  place  ot  the  Bible, 
which  has  been  expelled. 

Now,  it  is  recorded  as  a  circumstance  in- 
dicative of  the  reckless  forgetfulness  of  hea- 
ven which  marked  the  moral  condition  of  the 
French  populace  at  the  chaotic  period  of  the 
Reign  of'Terror,  that  they  proclaimed  amongst 
other  liberties,  that  of  the  theatre ;  so  that 
there  were  soon  no  less  than  fifty  playhouses 
open  in  the  City  of  Paris  alone.  It  is  a  his- 
torical truth  that  in  times  of  war,  when  men's 
passions  are  most  stirred,  and  in  the  years 
immediately  succeeding  a  war  when  the  wave 
of  resultant  demoralization  is  at  its  flood,  that 
the  play-houses  in  the  cities  are  to  an  excep- 
tional extent  thronged. 

So  I  think  we  may  safely  deduce  from 
this  fact  that  the  play-houses  are  not  at 
,  those  times  (or  indeed  at  any  time)  frequented 
as  schools  wherein  to  witness  and  to  be  im- 
proved by  the  characterization  of  virtue,  and 
that  the  theatre  may  not  be  thence  commend- 
ed as  a  morally-safe  place  of  resort  for  those 
who  make  profession  of  tho  Christian  name. 
But  that  which  gives  occasion  for  very  serious 
present  reflection  is,  that  in  this  time  of  pro- 
found peace  throughout  the  country,  and  of 
numberless  blessings  showered  upon  us  from 
the  Almighty's  hand,  the  play-houses  should 
be  looked  upon  with  far  more  tolerance  than 
in  the  time  of  the  Puritan  commonwealth,  or 
the  early  American  republic,  while  at  the 
same  time  they  are  probably  (upon  the  ave- 
rage), as  low  in  character,  and  proportionally 
greater  in  number  than  they  were  in  Paris 
when  that  city  was  under  the  sway  of  tho 
God-denying,  blood-seeking,  and  depraved 
leaders  of  the  French  revolution. 
]  I  come  now  to  the  last  (and  generally  little 
j  considered)  division  of  my  subject,  it  being  of 
t tho  nature  of  an  inquiry  as  to  how  far  the 
professing  Church  may  be  responsible  for  the 
fostering  and  present  prevalence  of  the  theatre 
and  theatrical  entertainments. 

It  appears  to  have  been  in  the  thirteenth 
century  that  the  external  part  of  religious 
worship  was  loaded  down  with  many  addi- 
tions, intended,  by  their  outward  splendor 
land  magnificence  to  completely  overawe  the 
multitude.  "  Now  it  was,"  says  a  late  writer, 
"that  the  stage  was  pressed  into  the  service 
of  the  church,  and  the  mysteries  and  morali- 
ties were  written  and  placed  therein,  illustra- 
ting by  scenic  action  sacred  subjects."  These 
miracle  plays,  mysteries,  and  interludes  were, 
as  has  been  mentioned  before,  the  first  the- 
atrical performances  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and 
marked  the  origin  of  the  modern  European 
sta<re.  Tbey  were  usually  given  in  convents, 
colleges  and  church  edifices,  or  in  the  halls  of 
the  nobility.  Of  these  "Mysteries"  of  the 
MiddleAges,  Hannah  More  remarks,  "  Events 
too  solemn  for  exhibition,  and  too  awful  for 
detail,  were  brought  before  the-audience  with 
a  gravity  more  offensive  than  levity  itself." 

From  the  fifteenth  to  the  eighteenth  cen- 
turies, many  were  the  protests  against  these 
and  other  moral  abuses  accompanying  the 
papal  rule,  but  now  again  in  tbis  nineteenth 


342 


THE    FRIEND. 


century  of  the  Christian  era,  when  it  would 
seem  as  though  the  spiritual  ought  to  keep 
pace  with  material  enlightenment,  the  pro- 
fessing church  is  nevertheless  making  alarm- 
ing approaches  in  the  direction  of  ritualism. 
sacerdotalism  and  ceremonialism.  As  Howard 
Crosby  with  much  plainness,  yet  very  truth- 
fully, says  : 

"  The  church  of  God  is  to-day  courting  the 
world.  Its  members  are  trying  to  bring  it 
down  to  the  level  of  the  ungodly.  The  ball, 
the  theatre,  nude  and  lewd  art,  social  luxuries 
with  all  their  loose  moralities,  are  making  in- 
roads into  the  sacred  inclosure  of  the  church, 
and  as  a  satisfaction  for  all  this  worldliness, 
Christians  are  making  a  great  deal  of  Lent 
and  Easter  and  Good  Friday,  and  church 
ornamentation.  It  is  the  old  trick  of  Satan. 
The  Jewish  church  struck  on  that  rock.  The 
Romish  church  was  wrecked  on  the  same. 
And  the  Protestant  church  is  fast  reaching 
the  like  doom." 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Story  of  an  Indian  Girl. 

BY    CAPTAIN    M.    C.    WILKINSON. 

Emma  was  the  Christian  name  given  to 
the  only  daughter  of  Chief  Winum,  an  Uma- 
tilla Oregon  Indian.  She  was  about  fifteen 
when  her  father  gave  her  to  me  to  take  to 
the  Indian  Training  School  at  Forest  Grove. 
Chief  Winum  himself  is  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  power.  The  history  of  the  settle- 
ment of  the  new  Northwest  bears  undisputed 
testimony  to  his  singular  faithfulness  to  the 
whites;  although  it  is  true  that  it  does  not 
bear  like  testimony  of  their  faithfulness  to  him. 
Of  steady  Christian  purpose,  he  ardently  de- 
sired for  his  only  daughter  that  she  might 
have  the  benefit  of  an  education,  and  he  wil- 
lingly gave  her  up  to  our  care  for  that  pur- 
pose. 

It  was  a  cold,  stormy  night  when  I  left  Pen- 
dleton, Oregon,  with  my  charge  of  ten  Uma- 
tilla children, — four  girls  and  six  boj-s.  Ar- 
riving at  Umatilla,  a  little  town  on  the  Col- 
umbia River,  I  could  at  first  find  no  one  who 
would  give  them  shelter,  though  permission 
was  given  to  bring  them  in  out  of  the  storm 
intoa  bar-room.  Here  Heft  Emma  in  charge, 
while  I  sought  for  a  barn  as  a  place  of  refuge 
forthe  night.  Even  this  wasdenied.  At  last, 
however,  I  was  able  to  melt  the  heart  of  the 
"keeper,"  and  to  secure  a  room  for  the  girls. 
It  was  equally  difficult  at  my  next  stopping 
place  to  find  accommodations  for  "Injuns,"' 
though  the  railroad  company  kindly  let  us 
remain  all  night  in  a  caboose  car  in  the  stock- 
yard. Thus  we  passed  our  second  night. 
Emma  matronized  this  little  party  of  outcast 
children  with  calm  dignity  ;  she  saw  how  vain 
had  been  efforts  to  get  accommodations,  but 
her  heart  bore  no  fruit  of  resentment  against 
those  who  refused  it.  And  this  was  an  I  ndian 
child,  going  to  strangers  in  a  strange  land, 
and  with  one  whom  she  had  never  seen  be- 
fore ! 

The  Bible  had  been  a  closed  book  to  her; 
but  when  she  entered  the  school,  she  sought 
eagerly  every  opportunity  to  learn  its  truths. 
She  mastered  thoroughly  her  lessons.  God 
had  chosen  her  pen  to  be  the  ready  instru- 
ment of  wonderful  good  to  her  people.  She 
made  speedy  progress  in  the  art  of  composi- 
tion ;  and  it  was  through  her  letters  to  her 
Umatillas,    and    to    the    Nez  Perces,  amon«- 


whom  she   had    many  relatives  and  friends, 
that  the  great  work  of  her  life  was  done. 

Last  December  saw  Emma  fatally  ill  at 
Forest  Grove.  It  seemed  strange  that  God 
should  take  her,  with  her  new-found  "open 
Bible,"  from  her  people.  Years  before,  from 
personal  observation,  I  had  known  how  much 
these  Umatillas  needed  a  teacher  and  leader 
such  as  she  was  proving  to  be  ;  and  now  this 
Indian  girl  was  dying,  to  whom  the  Master 
had  given  such  knowledge  of  holy  things,  and 
a  power  so  great  of  expressing  them  that  the 
receipt  of  her  letters  was  made  the  occasion 
for  called  meetings  in  her  tribe  to  hear  them 
read,  the  Holy  Spirit  using  her  messages  with 
converting  power.  When  I  came  to  her  bed 
of  death,  she  saw  the  questionings  in  my  eyes. 
Soquiekly  did  sheread  my  soul  through  them, 
that  the  tears  ran  large  and  fast  down  her 
face  for  a  moment.  Then,  as  she  reached  out 
her  hand,  I  said,  "  Emma,  is  it  all  right?"  and 
she  replied  "  Yes,"  as  only  such  a  loving  child 
of  God  can  say  it.  There  was  little  need  to 
talk  in  such  a  presence.  "  It  was  all  right," 
she  said,  as  we  talked  about  her  people;  she 
had  "  hoped  to  do  so  much  for  them,"  but  she 
"  wanted  God's  way."     After  that,  I  saw  her 


few  mornings  ago.  They  arrived  home  aj 
3.03  o'clock,  flj'ing  363  miles,  air  line,  in  7  1] 
3  m. 

Eye  troubles  from  Elevated  City  Railways.- 
The  Scientific  American'm  speaking  of  the  iro 
ground  from  the  wheels  and  rails  of  the  eh 
vated  railways  by  the  brakes  used  to  stop  th 
trains  when  at  high  speeds,  says  that  by  th 
use  of  a  magnet  applied  to  the  top  of  the  crosl 
ties  a  large  quantity  of  fine  iron  dust  was  col] 
lected.  The  same  result  followed  from  usinj 
the  magnet  in  the  gutter  of  a  street  near  om] 
of  the  stations. 

The  particles  of  iron  varied  in  size  fronl 
one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  to  dust  so  fine  aij 
hardly  to  be  distinguished  by  the  naked  eye 
Viewed  under  the  microscope,  their  danger] 
ous  character  became  apparent.  The  greatei 
part  were  bordered  b}'  a  jagged  fringe  with 
very  fine  points,  compared  with  which  the 
point  of  a  cambric  needle  appeared  dull.  Not 
unfrequently  the  projections  were  hook  shapec 
and  barbed  similar  to  a  fish-hook,  which  wil 
account  for  the  difficulty  in  removing  them 
fromthe  eye  into  which  they  have  been  driven, 
the  closing  of  the  eyelid,  and  the  rubbing 
which    thoughtlessly    followed,    assisting   to 


once  again,  but  she  was  too  tired  to  talk,  and  more  firmly  embed  them  in  the  cornea. 
in  a  little  time  she  fell  sweetly  and  peacefully!     Disinfection  of  Egyptian  Bags. — The  State   » 
"  on  sleep."  Department  has  decided   upon  the  fbllowin. 

Only  once  did  I  hear  her  speak  to  her  peo-] methods  of  disinfecting  rags  imported  from 
pie;  it  was  when  I  had  taken  twenty-five  ofiEgj-pt  into  the  United  States,  either  of  which 
the  Indian  children  to  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  I  will  be  satisfactory  :  1.  Boiling  in  water  for 
order  that  they  might  meet  relatives  and  i  two  hours  under  a  pressure  of  50  lbs.  to  the 
friends,  called  together  at  that  point  for  this  square  inch.  2.  Boiling  in  water  for  four 
purpose.  At  the  parting  hour,  when  the  little 'hours  without  pressure.  Or  3.  Subjection  to 
groups  gathered  together  led  by  mothers  and  the  action  of  confined  sulphurous  acid  gas  for 
fathers — Emma's  time  came  to  speak.  six  hours. 

"  O  my  people!"  she  said,  "  I  want  you  to  Parasites  on  Money. — Dr.  Reinsch  has  been 
know  about  God  ;  I  want  you  to  learn  to  pray  examining  the  thin  incrustation  of  organic 
to  Jesus.  The  open  Bible,  the  open  Bible,  matter  which  forms  on  coins  that  have  long 
that  is  for  you.  You  must  not  drink  whis-  been  in  use.  By  scraping  this  off  and  dis- 
key  ;  you  must  not  gamble;  you  must  not  solving  in  distilled  water,  and  placing  it  un- 
break  God's  day  ;  you  must  not  curse;  you  der  a  microscope,  minute  forms  of  bacteria 
must  learn  to  work  ;  to  make  homes.  If  you  and  fungus  were  made  visible.  As  it  has  been 
will  learn  God's  words,  his  ways,  you  shall  shown  thatBacteria  form  the  chief  agency  in 
live,  not  die."  disseminating  epidemic  diseases,  this  experi- 

Shortly  before  her  death  she  visited  her  ment  shows  that  coin  may  be  instrumental  in 
home.  That  home  will  long  show  her  bandi-  the  spreading  of  infection.  This  organic  in- 
work;  her  neatness,  order  and  system  were  crustation  may  readily  be  removed  from  coin 
proverbial.  While  at  home  she  labored  with  by  washing  them  in  a  boiling  weak  solution 
great  cheerfulness  and  faith,  encouraging  her  of  caustic  potash. 

people  to  make  homes,  showing  them  how  to  |  Hickory. — Some  of  our  native  woods  cannot 
keep  them  neat  and  orderly.  At  her  funeral,  be  equalled  or  be  superseded  by  any  foreign 
one  of  the  speakers  said  that  he  "did  not  woods.  In  all  our  knowledge  of  natural  Ins- 
know  of  one  who  could  so  well  afford  to  die,  tory  there  has  been  found  nothing  possessing 

the  excellent  qualities  of  our  native  hickory! 
It  is  not,  as  commonly  supposed,  that  hickory 
must  be  grown  in  the  north  to  be  of  the  best; 
its  habitat  extends  from  the  Green  Mountains 
in  Vermont,  following  the  coast  range,  the 
Alleghanies  and  the  Blue  Ridge,  through  the 
Caroliuas  and  even  to  upper  Florida;  and, 
to  general  supposition,  the  veiy  best 
y  used  in  the  arts,  where  tough- 


as  could  Emr 


■S.  S.  Tunes. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Electrical  discharge.— A  startling  phenom 

on  occurred  a  few  mornings  ago  in  the  ope 

rating  room  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  <  <:u.( 

Company  at   Bangor,   Me.     At  7  o'clock  the  cont 

operators  were  startled  by  a  sudden  demoral-  0f  tj 


ization  of  all  the  wires  and  ca 
ously  accompanied  by  the  sudden  appearanc 
of  a  large  ball  of  fire,  apparently  of  the  di 
meter  of  eight  inches,  issuing  from  the  switc 
board,  and  followed  by  a  loud  explosion.  Tl 
brass  plates,  wires,  cables,  condensers  an 
wood  work  were  burned. 


ncss  is  required,  is  obtained  from  North  Car 
olina  and  eastern  Tennessee.  "  It  is  won 
derful  what  toughness  the  hickory  timber  of  (i 
that  mountain  region  is  capable  of,"  said  a 
wheelmaker  recently.  "  We  can  turn  a  piece 
Iv  around  a  circle  without  breaking 


No  one  was  injur-  a  fibre."  This,  of  course,  after  it  is  thoroughly 
ed.     All  telegraphic  communication  was  in-'steamed.— Scientific  American. 
terriipted    lor  two   hours.     The   brass  on   the,  __«__ 

switch  board  melted  like  wax        _        _  It(m 

/•in/lit  if  1  igeons. — A  lot  of  homing  pigeons 

longing  to  Samuel  Hunt  of  Fall  River,  were 

leased  ut  Washington,  D.  O,  at  S  o'clock,  a 


—  Yearly  Meeti 
rticle  in  The  [Li 
eparations  whicl 


7  (  hrrrs/Hiuilniir. — A  contributed 
i. I.ui  |  Friend  calls  attention  to  the 
have  occurred  iu  the  meetings  of 


THE    FRIEND. 


343 


Friends  in  America  of  latter  years,  and  speaks  of 
these  as  having  arisen  from  a  departure  from  funda- 
mental principles — a  departure  "tending  to  destroy 
the  very  bases  of  the  Society  in  regard  to  its  special 
views  of  spiritual  dependence  upon  God,  in  a  wait- 
ing worship  and  a  waiting  ministry."  The  writer 
raises  the  question,  whether  the  time  has  not  come 
for  London  Yearly  Meeting  in  its  official  correspond- 
ence to  recognize  the  claims  and  rights  of  those 
Friends  who  have  withdrawn  from  membership  in 
their  Yearly  Meetings  on  the  ground  of  closer  alle- 
giance to  principle. 

The  Editor  in  commenting  upon  this  subject 
states,  that  in  the  separations  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  last  six  or  seven  years,  London  Yearly 
Meeting  "officially  regarded  the  seceding  party  a.s 
being  in  the  wrong  because  it  seceded."  It  made 
no  careful  examination  into  the  cause  of  secession, 
nor  did  it  even  attempt  to  decide  which  of  the  con- 
tending parties  was  in  teaching  and  practice  most 
in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  Friends.  He 
tays,  "  Had  this  been  attempted  we  feel  sure  no  de- 
cision could  have  been  arrived  at  with  anything 
approaching  to  unanimity  ;"  and  he  queries  "  '~  '( 
hot  time  for  us  seriously  to  consider  whether  it  is 
^vell  any  longer  to  continue  a  custom  which  attaches 
to  our  correspondence  responsibilities  never  con- 
;emplated  at  its  origin,  and  never  associated  with  it 
for  L50  years?" 

The  British  Friend  in  reference  to  the  same  sub- 
ect,  speaks  of  the  course  pursued  by  London  Yearly 
Meeting  as  "  appearing  unaccountable  except  it  be 
she  sacrifice  of  principle  at  the  shrine  of  a  supposed  '  originally 
disciplinary  order.     For  London  Yearly  Meeting  toaiTo 
jold  out  the  right  hand  of  fellowship   to  a  body  j 


the  latter  extreme,  it  regards  those  "  who  ac-  Similar  remarks  maybe  made  respecting 
count  moments  of  silence  in  meetings  for  wor-  "zealous  Christian  work"  in  other  directions. 
ship  as  lost,  to  be  substituted  by  instrumental  Our  Saviour  instructed  bis  disciples  to  pray 
music,  or  by  incessant  vocal  expression  ;  and  to  the  Lord  of  the  harvest  that  He  would 
who  would,  if  practicable,  lead  the  Society  of  send  forth  more  laborers  into  his  harvest.  As 
Friends  back  to  the  beggarly  elements  of  paid  any  come  to  partake  of  his  Spirit  they  will 
pastorates  and  sacramental  ordinances."  The  rejoice  in  the  prosperity  of  bis  cause,  whether 
illustration  it  gives  of  "obstructive  conserva-J effected  by  the  immediate  operations  of  his 
tism"  is  the  discouraging  of  Bible-schools  ;  own  Divine  power,  or  through  those  instru- 
and,  in  a  subsequent  Editorial,  its  view  is  merits  whom  He  has  qualified  and  comuiis- 
further  shown  by  the  advice  to  Philadelphia  sioned.  But  they  cannot  join  in  movements 
Yearly  Meeting  to  "drop  its  most  injurious  to  which  they  believe  the  Lord  does  not  call 
discouragement  of  biblical  instruction  to  the  them — especially  when  these  are  carried  on 
young,  and  of  zealous  Christian  work  by  old  in  a  manner  which  conflicts  with  principles 
and  young  in  home  and  foreign  missions."  which  they  believe  to  be  true.  The  "con- 
So  far  as  the  neglect  of  Bible-schools  and  of  servatism"  which  binders  true  Friends  from 
mission  work  proceeds  from  a  want  of  living  taking  part  in  some  labors  entered  into  by 
zeal,  we  can  heartily  unite  in  the  desire  that  those  who  bold  doctrinal  views  different  from 


t  may  be  done  away.  But  it  is  right  to  re- 
mark, in  reference  to  this  charge  of  "  obstruc- 
tive conservatism,"  that  we  believe  neither 
Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  nor  any  other 
of  those  bodies  who  are  concerned  to  maintain 
the  original  principles  of  Friends,  as  being  in 
truth 


their  own,  need  not  prevent  tbem  from  being 
devoted  followers  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and 
earnestly  endeavoring  to  perform  all  the  du- 
ties and  labors  which  He  apportions  them. 

We  sadly  fear  that  there  are  many  mem- 
bers of  our  religious  Society  who  have  too 


which  has  so  widely  departed  from  the  unmistaka- ' , 

>1a      .Alumni.      rxwsiffiasinr.      s*P    t-U  «      Ginning.*    ~f     T?-'.~~A  >.         U 


Primitive  Christianity  revived,"  has  little  of  that  devotion  to  the  cause  of  Christ 
ever  discouraged  the  proper  biblical  instrue-  which    flows   from    experiencing   the    heart- 
tion  of  its  young  people.     On'  the  contrary  'changing  work  of  his  Holy  Spirit,  and  living 
its  discipline  contains  the  following  advice,  j  in  communion  with  Him.  This  lack  of  earnest- 
veil   forth    more  than   150  years  ness,  of  life  and  of  devotedness,  is  indeed  a 
I  great  obstruction   to   the    spread  of  the   Ee- 
Ideemer's  kingdom  in  the  earth.     For  an  in- 


"  We  tenderly  and  earnestly  advise  and 


)Ie  religious  profusion  of  the  Societv  of  Friend's"  b,ort  all  parents  and  beads  of  families,  that ,  crease  of  this  devotedness  the  living  members 
ind  thereby  virtually  disowning  all  those  who  ad-  '"^'-V  endeavor  to  instruct  their  children  and,ot  the  Church  travail  with  prayers  and  tears, 
lere  to  that  profession,  is  certainly  not  a  little  mys-  families  in  the  doctrines  and  precepts  of  the '  But  we  do  not  believe  a  remedy  is  to  be  found 
erious."  '     [Christian  religion,  as  contained  in  the  Holy  j  by  the  course  advocated  by  the  Review.    The 

Peace  Congress. —  The  Herald  of  Peace  says  it  is  Scriptures  ;  and  that  the}-  excite  them  to  the  labors  and  engagements  which  it  recommends 
he  apathy  of  civilized  and  professedly  religious  diligent  reading  of  those  excellent  writings,  will  not  be  helpful  to  this  end,  excepting  as 
jeople,  which  is  the  main  cause  of  wars  and  arma-  which  plainly  set  forth  the  miraculous  con-  those  who  undertake  them  are  led  into  them 
nents.     Governments  are  what  the  people  allow  Ception,    birth,    holy    life,    wonderful    works,    by  Christ  our  holy  Head. 

hem  to  become,  and  the  .miliary  spirit  in  the  British  b,'  j  exanip]c  meritorious  death,  and  glori-  Theoretically,  a  "  position  of  moderation"  is 
iouse  of  Commons  is  but  a   reflection  of  the  same  '  ,.    ..  °        c  e  \     t    ■,  ■  .u    *  1 

Inch  pervades  the  majoritv  of  the  pcq.le  of  ous  resurrection,  ascension  and  mediation  of  a  safe  one;  but  it  requires  care  that  we  do 
11  ranks.  The  almost  universal  enthusiasm  of  the  om"  -Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  ;  and  to,  not  regard  as  "obstructive  conservatism 
.iondon  populace  over  "the  little  victory  of  Tel-el- 'educate  their  children  in  the  belief  of  these  that  which  is  only  a  praiseworthy  adherence 
iebir  was  a  striking  proof  of  the  profoundly  con-  [  important  truths,  as  well  as  in  the  belief  of  1  to  the  principles  and  practices  formerly  held 
gted,  pitiless,  and  unscriptural  spirit  which  still  the  inward  manifestation  and  operation  of  the  dear  by  the  great  body  of  our  Society;  and 
lervades  the  great  body  of  the  people."  I  Holy  Spirit  on  their  own  minds."  that  in  attempting  to  pursue  a  middle  course, 

Though  the  general   r,,jv  ,,f  professing  <  Imstians .      ^      |   t|  .  h     d(U       f  „      lid,  d  .L       do  not  exert  0up  influenee  t0  ,ead  other8 

A\i  tall   snort  01   then    dim    >.s  witnesses    tor    the   ■  TT    ,  '    ,-,  ..J  ■  J      •    ■     I  r  1  1  .  1       1     .   ,,   ■ 

:acini  dir.r-ctir    f  th ^ir  r,li,ior.   n   'uirkr  th-re" ic  inS   ths    Hol>    Sixiptur-;.".  '  is  enc   urag-d  in  away  from  Quakerism  and  towards  that     J^ 

considerable  improvement  in  England.     Instead  connection  with  '-the  edifying  practice  of  fre- 
f  being accepted  as  things  of  course,  wars  now  have  auently  collecting  our  children  and  families, 


o  run  the  gauntlet  of  searching  criticism. 


THE    FRIEND. 


FIFTH  MONTH  31, 


We  have  noticed  with  much  interest  the 
[one  of  the  articles  appearing  in  some  of  the 
ate  numbers  of  papers  published  professedly 
the  interest  of  the  Society  of  Friends — 
particularly  of  the  Christian  Worker  and  the 
Friends'  Review. 

The  former  of  these  papers  unhesitatingly 
idvocates  principles  and  practices,  which  were 
:learly  shown  in  the  Addi«ess  issued  by  Pbila- 
Jelphia  Yearly  Meeting  in  1S83,  to  be  incon- 
sistent with  the  doctrines  of  Friends.  It  en- 
lorses  the  erroneous  views  of  Joseph  John 
Jurney,  the  acceptance  of  which  it  regards 
s  having  led  to  the  adoption  of  emotional 
ppliances  in  the  holding  of  meetings,  with- 
>ut  which,  it  states,  the  revival  ministers 
vould  be  shorn  of  their  power. 

The  Friends'  Review  takes  what  it  terms 
he  "position  of  moderation,"  intermediate 
>etween  an  "  obstructive  conservatism"  and 
destructive  innovation."     As  advocates  of 


for  religious  retirement."  The  same 
subject  is  11-1.™  time  to  time  brought  to  view 
by  the  Queries  wliia  are  reac]  in  our  mcet. 
ings  for  discipline  several  u...„s  jn  tne  year_ 

There  is  nothing  in  the  disci  pv.„„  nor  jn 
the  principles  of  our  Society  which  tOit:,|s 
the  gathering  of  children  into  larger  groups 
than  those  of  a  single  family,  for  such  pur- 
poses, where  there  seems  a  sufficient  reason 
for  so  doing — especially  in  the  case  of  those 
neglected  children  who  have  not  the  favorable 
home-influences  with  which  many  others  are 
blessed.  But  there  are  many  Friends,  deeply 
concerned  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  those 
entrusted  to  their  charge,  who  feel  that  they 
cannot  place  on  those  who  may  be  selected 
as  teachers  of  Bible-schools,  the  duty  of  re- 
ligious instruction  which  belongs  to  them- 
selves ;  and  who  regard  the  system  which  has 
gradually  developed  in  those  schools,  as  not 
calculated  to  lead  the  children  to  a  reverent 
looking  to  the  Spirit  of  Christ  for  a  right  un 
derstanding  of  the  Scriptures  ;  and  as  tending 
to  encourage  a  dependence  on  the  intellect 
and  wisdom  of  man  in  building  up  a  system 
of  religious  doctrines — a  dependence  which 
has  been  the  source  of  innumerable  evils  to 
the  Church  of  Christ. 


structive 

to  avoi 

(testified 

Meeting 

to  maintain  the  d 


novation"  which  it  is  so  desii 


id;    and    thus   drift  into  the    posit  k"; 

Bd  against  in  the  Address  of  ■•■  -  x  eaJ  ^ 

g  of  last  year,  of  "-^  S'bo  '  P™fe** 
ne  overflies  of  our  Society,  [yet] 

this*  with  movements  carried  on  with- 
in its  borders,  which  are  utterly  inconsistent 
therewith  ;"  and  in  regard  to  which  the  Ad- 
Qi^s  says:  "The  protest  which  is  raised 
against  »«nic  of  the  wilder  extravagances, 
either  in  doctrine  or  practice,  of  the  leaders 
in  those  innovations,  is  counteracted  by  the 
advocacy  of  much  that  is  only  a  part  of  the 
same  erroneous  system." 

We  are  prevented  from  replying  to  a  kindly- 
worded  letter  from  a  friend  in  New  l'ork, 
dated  5th  mo.  24th,  by  the  absence  of  the 
name  and  post  office  of  the  writer. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  Senate  on  the  21st  instant, 
bills  were  passed  authorizing  the  erection  of  public 
buildings  as  follows:  One  at  Jacksonville,  Florida,  to 
cost  $175,000;  one  at  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  -100,000; 
one  at  Chattanooga,  $100,000;  one  at  Upelousa,  Louisi- 
ana, $511,000;  one  at  Troy,  New  York,  $175,000;  one 
at  Portland,  Oregon,  $250,000;  one  at  Sacramento, 
California,  $100,000;  one  at  Asheville,  North  Carolina, 
$100,000  ;  one  at  Saratoga  Springs,  New  York,  $100,000; 
one  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  $150,000,  and  one  at  Springfield, 
Ohio,  $100,000. 


344 


THE    FRIEND. 


In  the  House  on  the  24th  inst.,  Representative  Hatch 
of  Missouri,  presented  a  conference  report  on  the  bill  to 
establish  a  bureau  of  animal  industry.  The  House 
conferees  recommended  concurrence  in  all  the  Senate 
amendments.  The  amount  of  appropriation  is  reduced 
from  $250,000  to  $150,000,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is  limited  to  such  investi- 
gation and  to  such  disinfection  and  quarantine  measures 
as  may  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  spread  of  contagious 
and  infectious  diseases  from  one  State  or  territory  into 
another,  and  he  is  prohibited  from  applying  any  money 
toward  paying  for  animals  it  is  found  necessary  to 
slaughter  in  order  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  disease. 
The  report  was  agreed  to. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  issued  the  128th  call 
for  the  redemption  of  bonds.  It  is  for  ten  millions  of 
three  per  cents,  maturing  Olh  mo.  30th. 

The  total  number  of  immigrants  who  arrived  in  the 
United  States  during  4th  month  was  66,800,  against 
78,475  during  4th  mo.  1S83.  The  total  arrivals  of  im- 
migrants during  the  ten  months  which  ended  on  4th 
mo.  30lh  last,  numbered  371,625,  against  417,689,  dur- 
ing the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year. 

The  total  value  of  our  exports  of  merchandize  for  the 
twelve  months  which  ended  4th  mo.  30lh,  1884,  was 
$750,715,340,  and  for  the  twelve  months  preceding, 
$811,679,331,  a  decrease  of  i 60,963,991  the  last  year. 

It  is  estimated  that  about  40,000  people  are  devoting 
more  or  less  attention  to  silk  culture  in  the  U.  States. 

Shortly  after  10  o'clock  on  the  night  of  the  23rd,  a 
fire  occurred  at  the  Atlantic  Refining  Company's  works, 
at  Point  Breeze,  Philadelphia,  caused  by  "lightning 
striking  the  largest  tank,  of  the  capacity  of  28,000  bar- 
rels of  crude  oil.  From  this  a  number  of  other  tanks 
of  distilled  oil  caught  and  were  destroyed  ;  also  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  storage  tanks  in  the  yard,  two 
pumping  houses,  the  bleachery,  and  the  paraffine  works, 
with  their  valuable  machinery.  On  the  27th  the  fire 
was  considered  to  be  under  control.  The  loss  is  esti- 
mated at  about  $450,000,  insured  by  the  Standard  Oil 
Company.  It  is  stated  that  work  will  not  be  materially 
interrupted,  and  it  will  proceed  as  usual  in  a  few  days. 

Ferdinand  Ward  was  arrested  in  New  York  on  the 
21st  inst.,  in  a  suit  brought  against  him  by  Nelson  J. 
Tappan,  the  Citv  Chamberlain.  Ward  was  held  in 
$300,000  bail.  James  D.  Fish,  ex-President  of  the 
Marine  Bank  of  New  York,  was  arrested  soon  after 
midnight  on  the  25th.  The  warrant  on  which  he  was 
arrested  was  issued  by  United  States  Commissioner 
Shields,  on  an  affidavit  by  Bank  Examiner  Scriba.  It 
charges  between  3rd  mo.  1st  and  5th  mo.  6th  of  this 
year,  Fish  misappropriated  funds  of  the  bank  to  the 
amount  of  $1,140,000.  He  has  been  released  on  giving 
bail  in  the  sum  of  $30,000.  Last  Seventh-day's  state- 
ment of  the  New  York  banks  showed  a  decrease  of 
$21,625,400  in  the  aggregate  deposits,  and  $9,734,150 
in  (he  reserve  during  the  week. 

Tilden  G.  Abbott,  defaulting  cashier  of  the  Union 
Market  National  Bank,  of  Waterlown,  Massachusetts, 
'■■>s  been  indicted  for  forgery  and  embezzlement. 
earlyVnSev^6  Kank  in  New  York  closed  its  doors 
-  ....  '  ievV"".'  'v  afternoon  last,  in  consequence  of 
a  run   made   l.v  in  i  *  im-.,,         <•  ,,      '■        ,,        ^ 

„, ,  „e      „   ,    ;.  ,        .    ',,"-•■'    lollowing   the   announce 

m  t  of  a  defalcation  by  its  pa,-..,Lr  £„  Charles  A 
Hinckley.  It  is  said  that  the  bank  is  s.,Went  and  will 
resume.  Hinckley's  stealings  are  stated  at.  S<i7  000 
Ihe  bank  is  reported  to  have  a  surplus  of  Slnoooo 
over  the  amount  stolen. 

A  despatch  received  on  the  26th  instant  fr«^  ^rie, 
Penna.,  says,  that  Adam  Brabender,  President  of  the 
Erie  County  Savings  Kink,  adii»i»  that  he  and  Cashier 
Pettit  lost  $100,000  in  grain  and  oil  speculations.  Bra- 
bender  also  admits  that  he  took  money  belonging  to 
the  hank,  paid  it  to  friends  and  left,  and  exonerates  the 
cashier.  He  is  now  in  jail.  The  feeling  against  Bra- 
bender  is  very  strong,  as  the  paper  in  the  bank  has 
proved  worthless.  Brabender  has  made  an  assignment 
of  his  private  properly,  valued  at  $100,000,  to  his 
creditors  ;  but  this  amount  will  not  cover  his  indebted- 
ness, and  the  stockholders  will  probably  lose  from 
$200,1100  to  * 250,000. 

The  Penn  Bank  of  Pittsburg  suspended  on  the  21st, 
in  consequence  of  a  run  upon  it  which  had  continued 
for  several  days.  Its  President,  Kiddle,  said  the  de- 
posits had  decreased  over  $500,000  within  live  days, 
"  owing  to  unfounded  reports  made  current  by  interest- 
ed and  malicious  persons."  The  bank  resumed  business 
on  the  24th,  but  again  suspended  on  the  26th  instant, 
owing,  it  was  stated,  to  the  sudden  illness  of  the  Presi- 
dent. 

The  floods  in  Louisiana  and  Texas  are  increasing, 
and  doing  immense  damage. 

A  telegram  from  Pittsburg  says,  a  party  of  engineers 
are  surveying  for  a  railroad  from  Coalport,  Clearfield 


county,  to  Cresson,  Cambria  county,  which,  it  is  ( 
will  open  up  the  largest  bituminous  coal  field  in  the 
State. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  356, 
which  was  5  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
18  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number,  176  were  males  and  180  females 
45  died  of  consumption  ;  26  of  pneumonia;  24  of  heart 
diseases;  18  of  old  age  ;  16  of  meningitis ;  loofdiph 
theria  ;  13  of  convulsions,  and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c. —  U.  S.  4}'s,  registered,  112;  coupon, 
113} ;  4's,  121}  ;  3's,  101} ;  currency  6's,  126  a  133. 

Cotton. — There  was  no  material  change  to  notice 
price  or  demand.     Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at 
12  a  12}  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — There  was  very  little  doing  and  prices 
were  unsettled. 

Feed.— Winter  bran  sells  at  $16  a  $16.50  per  ton 

Flour  was  quiet  but  steady.  Sales  of  1900  barrels, 
including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4.25  a  $5.60;  Pennsyl 
vania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75;  western  do.  at  $4.75  a 
$5.75,  and  patents  at  ir5.75  a  $6.50.  Kye  flour  wa 
steady  at  $3.62}  a  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  lower:  6000  bushel 
red  sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.14}  a  $1.15 
a  choice  lot  at  $1.16;  No.  2  at  $1.02  a  $1.14  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  93  cts. 
per  bushel,  and  55,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  $1.02  a  $1.03 
5th  mo.,  J61.02J  a  $1.03  (ith  mo.,  $1.02}  a  $1.03}  7th 
mo,  and  $1,013  a  $1,021  8th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots 
were  firm  :  8500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  63  a  64  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  61  a  63  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer;  and  sail  mixed  at  59  a  61  cts. 
5th  mo.,  60}  a  60}  cts.  6th  mo.,  61}  a  61}  cts.  7th  mo., 
and  62}  a  03  cts.  8th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  easier 
9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  37  a  41  cts.  per  bushel 
according  to  quality,  and  15,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at 
39}  a  40  cts.  5th  mo.,  391  a  40  cts.  6th  mo.,  40}  a  40} 
cts.  7th  mo.,  and  38  a  383  cts.  8th  mo.  Kye  sell 
lots  at  72  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  5th 
mo.  21th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  410;  loads  of  straw,  50. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.00  a 
$1.10  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  85  cts.  a  $1.00  per  100  lbs. 
straw,  90  cts.  a  $1. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  and  a  fraction  higher  : 
2400  head  arrived  and  sold  at  5}  a  7  J  cts.  per  pound,  as 
to  quality. 

Sheep  were  unsettled  and  lower  :  11,000  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  3  a  6}  cts.,  and  lambs 
at  6  a  9}  cts.,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  a  fraction  higher:  4500  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  7  a  8}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— The  Extension  of  Franchise  bill  was  con- 
sidered by  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  20th  inst.,  in 
Committee  of  the  Whole.  Lord  Randolph  Churchill, 
in  a  speech,  strongly  disagreed  with  the  amendment  ot 
Brodriek,  Conservative,  to  exclude  Ireland  from  the 
operations  of  the  bill.  A  vote  being  taken,  the  amend- 
ment was  rejected  by  332  for  to  137  against.  Sir  Stafford 
Northcote  has  written  a  letter  expressing  his  -grets 
that  an  engagement  prevented  his  present  la  'lie  House 
of  Commons  when  Brodrick's  an—ument  to  the  Fran 
chise  bill  excluding  Ird«^Jrom  Its  operation  was  put 
to  vote.  He  says  *'"u>  "n"  ne  Deen  present,  he  would 
have  voted  ''""'  ''le  amendment. 

'o--"g  to  the  disturbed  state  of  affairs  in  Zululand, 
large  reinforcements  will  be  sent  from  England. 

It  is  known  that  El  Mahdi's  emissaries  are  actively 
and  successfully  engaged  in  breeding  discontent  among 
the  Egyptian  soldiers,  who,  with  their  British  com- 
manders, are  garrisoning  the  Soudan.  It  is  estimated 
that  El  Mahdi's  force  includes  5000  soldiers  of  the 
Egyptian  regular  army.  Some  of  these  men  were  cap- 
tured after  the  defeat  of  Hicks  Pasha  and  willingly 
changed  their  allegiance  to  El  Mahdi,  but  the  greater 
number  have  come  to  his  standard  in  the  steady  flow 
of  desertions  from  the  Soudan  garrisons,  which  has  been 
in  progress  for  the  past  seven  months. 

According  to  the  Pull  Mull  Gazelle,  France  asked  that 
before  the  meeting  of  the  proposed  conference  England 
should  consent  to  place  Egypt  under  international  con- 
trol. Earl  Granville,  Foreign  Secretary  of  State,  ob- 
jected to  this  so  long  as  the  British  military  occupation 
of  Egypt  should  continue.  At  that  France  asked  that 
the  duration  of  the  English  occupation  should  be  limit- 
ed, and  renewed  its  de nd  for  an  immediate  inter- 
national control.  Earl  Granville,  in  answer  lo  this 
named  five  years  as  a  ininiiinuni  for  English  occupa- 
tion, and  insisted  on  a  postponement  of  the  proposed 
international  control  until  alter  the  English  had  with- 
drawn from  the  country.  But  France  steadfastly  ad- 
hered to  its  previous  demand,  until  at  last  Earl  Gran- 
ville offered  to  consent  to  the  principle  of  multiple  con- 


trol, provided  it  should  be  disguised.  France  accepts' 
this,  caring  little  for  the  shadow,  but  anxious  for  tb 
substance.  France  is  now  trying  to  limit  English  occij 
pation  to  three  years. 

The  Pull  Mull  Gazelle  denounces  the  scheme  of  mil' 
fiple  control,  however  it  may  be  disguised.  Such 
project,"  it  says,  "is  an  anachronism  and  certain  to  n 
suit  in  disaster  as  long  as  the  British  soldiers  stan 
alone  between  Egypt  and  anarchy.  The  control  wi  ] 
hold  the  purse  strings  and  thereby  govern  the  policy  ( 
Egypt."  The  same  paper  says  the  Cabinet  has  d< 
cided  to  accept  the  French  proposal.  It  will  evaeuat 
Egypt  within  the  desired  period  and  allow  an  internf 
tional  board  supreme  authority  over  Egyptian  finance 

It  is  reported  that  France  intends  to  impose  diflerer 
tial  duties  at  the  rate  of  25  percentage  upon  all  imporl 
into  Tonquin  other  than  French.  It  will  also  adof 
measures  looking  to  the  especial  protection  of  Frenc 
shipping  in  Tonquin  waters,  and  will  levy  a  high  ton 
nage  tax  on  foreign  vessels.  It  intends  also  to  gai  | 
from  China  great  privileges  for  French  trade  instead  c 
the  indemnity  it  had  before  determined  to  demand. 

The  rivers  Almeria,  Alicante  and  Valencia  areovei 
flowing  their  banks,  and  the  towns  and  country  in  thei 
vicinity  are  being  inundated.  Twenty  persons  ar 
missing,  and  it  is  supposed  that  they  have  been  drownet 
The  floods  in  the  souih-eastern  provinces  about  Murci 
and  Alicante  are  becoming  alarming.  Whole  town 
have  been  cut  off,  and  the  crops  over  a  large  extent  ( 
country  have  been  completely  destroyed.  Many  fam: 
liss  have  been  rendered  homeless.  Gendarmes  an 
sailors  are  conveying  provisions  to  the  destitute,  an 
making  every  effort  to  rescue  such  of  the  inhabitant 
as  are  in  danger.    The  inundation  exceeds  thatofT87J 

The  Bureau  of  Industries  of  Ontario  reports  a  favor 
able  condition  of  the  wheat  crop  in  that  province,  a 
compared  with  5th  month  of  last  year,  though  in  som 
districts  the  outlook  is  gloomy.  The  area  planted  i 
20  per  cent,  less  than  last  year. 

A  telegram  from  St.  Johns,  received  on  the  23d  inst 
says  that  three  large  icebergs  are  reported  on  the  New 
foundland  coast,  "one  over  9  miles  long,  drifting  alon, 
at  the  mouth  of  White  Bay  ;  one  estimated  to  be  7  mile 
long,  passing  south,  40  miles  east  of  St.  Johns,  and 
third,  several  miles  in  circumference,  in  St.  Johns  Bay 
aground  on  George's  Rock  and  almost  alongside  tli 
harbor  of  St.  Johns." 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowi 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broai 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers  t 

the  school. 

The  committee  having  the  care  of  Spring  Rivei 
Academy,  desire  to  procure  a  Superintendent  anc 
Matron  "to  tak°  charge  of  the  Boarding  House.  Also  t 
teacher  /or  the  school.  As  the  school  is  already  ii 
deUt,  it  is  desired  that  the  wages  be  based  on  the  in 
come  of  the  school. 

For  further  information  address  Benjamin  Pickett 
or  Richard  Haworth,  Quakervale,  Cherokee  county 
Kansas. 

BOARDING  SCHOOL  FOR  INDIAN  CHILDREN 
AT  TUNESSASSA. 
Wanted,  a  young  or  middle-aged  man  to  assist  in 
working  the  farm,  and  take  charge  of  the  boys  when 
out  of  school.  Any  Friend  feeling  his  mind  drawn  tc 
this  service  may  apply  to 

Joseph  S.  Elkinton,  325  Pine  St.,  Philada 
Ephraim  Smith,  1110  Pine  St., 
John  Sharpless,  Chester,  Penna. 


Died,  at  his  residence  in  Plainlield,  Hendricks  Co. 
Indiana,  on  the  21st  of  4th  mo.  1884,  John  P.  WoodJ 
a  beloved  member  ,and  elder  of  Plainlield  Monthly 
Meeting  of  Friends,  aged  79  years  and  29  days.  Was 
born  at  New  Market,  Maryland.  He  was  clear  in 
dgment  and  a  firm  believer  in  the  doctrines  of  Chris- 
mity  as  held  by  the  early  Friends,  and  lived  con- 
stent  with  his  profession,  faithfully  maintaining  all 
the  testimonies  and  peculiarities  of  tlie  Society  ;  testify- 
!ng  against  the  many  innovations  and  changes  that 
lave  taken  place  within  the  last  few  years,  under  our 
lame,  as  being  out  of  the  truth.  Hi's  health  was  de« 
lining  for  a  length  of  time,  attended  with  much  bodily 
weakness;  but  he  attended  meeting  until  the  last  few5 
months.  Although  weal;  in  body  his  mind  was  unim- 
paired, and  he  often  said  he  was  resigned  to  his  Heav-j 
enly  Father's  will,  feeling  nothing  in  his  way.  Wa 
doubt  not  he  died  in  the  Lord. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  SIXTH  MONTH 


NO.    44. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 

ss  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Entered 


went  so  far  as  to  say,  probably  there  was  one  2nd  month.  I  went  to  Providence  and  at- 
or  more  present  whose  solemn  close  was  tended  the  Quarterly  Meeting,  the  Meeting 
nearer  than  they  were  aware  of,  and  spoke  of  for  Sufferings,  &c.  Elisha  Thornton  was  en- 
tbe  necessity  of  making  preparation  for  such  gaged  in  public  service,  I  trust  to  theedifiea- 
an  awful  change,  &c.  this  woman  took  it  to  tion  of  many  minds.  On  my  part  it  was  a 
herself,  as  I  am  informed.     She  told  a  Friend  trying  time. 

that  what.was  said  at  that  time,  went  direct- 1  After  the  Quarterly  Meeting  went  to  East 
ly  to  her  heart;  and  she  was  veiy  sensible  it  Greenwich  in  company  with  Thomas  How- 
was  designed  for  her.  And  from  that  time  land,  thence  to  Warwick,  and  to  Warwick  fac- 
she  constantly  attended  that  meeting,  both  tories,  and  had  meetings.  But  mostly  labori- 
on  First-days  and  in  the  middle  of  the~  week,  ous;  yet  to  pretty  good  satisfaction.  Returned 
as  long  as  she  was  able  ;  and  was  so  affected  to  Providence. 

with  the  sense  she  had  of  her  condition,  she       5th.    In  company  with  Moses  Brown,  rode 

would  frequently  sit  and  weep  copiously  dur-  to  Pautucket  to  see  the  cotton  manufactories 

ing  the  meeting  time.    To  those  who  were  ac-  in  that  place.    Such  a  number  of  children  and 

quainted  with    her,  there  appeared  to  be  a  young  people  of  both  sexes  and  of  various 

hange  in  her  conduct  and  course  of  life  ;  forlages,  from  seven  years  old  to  that  of  men  and 

and   much  concerned  j  women,  together  with  the  overseers,  agents 

tendents,  drew  my  mind   into  a 

alas!  even  a  spurious  ministiy  has  its  advo-lfound  dead  in  her  bed;  which,  as  near  as  I  train  of*  reflections  upon  the  effects  that  might 

eates  among  those  who  feed  on  empty  sounds. 'remember,  was  about  six  or  seven  weeks  from  arise  from  such  empk^-ment.      I  thought  I 

My  mind  was  drawn  forth  in  a  word  of  cau-lthe  time  of  her  conviction.     On  hearing  the  saw  such  a  scene  might  be  easily  turned  into 

tion  against  being  captivated  by  fair  words  circumstance  I  was  humbled,  and  bowed  in  a  nursery  of  vice,  with  much  of  its  consequent 

and  fine  speeches,  and  the  mere  shadows  of  awful  reverence,  before  Him  who  knoweth  the  [debauchery   and    licentiousness.     And,   also, 

an  empty  profession.     A   spurious  ministry  Jsecrets  of  all   hearts! 

always  has  a  tendency  to  dry  up  the  springs  |cause  of  encouragement  in  it,  to  attend  to  ap- 

of  Divine  life;  and  is  productive  of  formality  pearances  of  religious  duty:  though  in  weak- 

instead  of  true  and  living  devotion  to  God,  |ness,  in  fear,  and  in  trembling,  as  the  case  was 

for  nothing  but  that  which  comes  from  Him!  with  me  at  that  time.     But  it  was  cause  of 

can  draw  to  Him.     It  is  in  vain  to  make  dec- J  thankfulness  in  my  heart,  that  I  attenc 

larations  of  words  of  truth,  with  ever  so  much  .the  impression. 

exactness  and  precision,  if  our  lives  arc  not       21st,     First  day  of  the  week.     Afternoon 

seasoned  with  the  virtue  of  Divine  life,  so  as  went    to    the  funeral  of  Edward    Labart, 

to  render  our  conduct  in  some  good  measure,  young    man    lately  from    Ireland,  via  Nova 

a  model  of  Christian  example  in  humilitj",  in  Scotia.     He  was  in  ill  health  when  he  came 

patience,  and  in  meekness.  to  this  part  of  the  country,  and  having  been 

11th  month   19th.     Attended  Salem  meet- [here  little  more  than  a  year,  as  I  am  informed, 


For  "  The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  338. J 

1809,  10th  mo.  28th.    First  day  of  the  week. 
attended  both  our  meetings.     He  en- 
gaged in  public  declaration  ;  dry,  and  without  |she  became  very  sobe 
savor,  and  burdensomo  to   the    living.     But  about  herself  ever  afterwards,  until  shewas|and  supei 


ng  to-day  ;  and  then  rode   home  under  that!  he  attended  the  funeral  of  a  young  man  from 

'•  ■  Baltimore,  who  died  a  few'weeks  ago,  and  was 
interred  in  our  burying-ground  ;  at  which 
time  there  was  something  said  relating  to  the 
uncertainty  of  time,  and  of  the  necessity  of 
making  preparation  for  a  state  of  futurity. 
At  that  time  he  mentioned  to  a  young  Friend 
of  his  acquaintance  that,  he  thought  he  should 
not  live  long,  and  desired  he  would  request 
for  him  to  be  buried  in  Friends'  burying- 
ground.  And  again,  about  three  weeks  before 
his  own  death,  he  was  at  the  funeral  of  my 
uncle,  where  he  renewed  the  injunction  upon 
the  same  young  Friend,  to  be  sure  and  request 


sweetly  consoling  peace  of  mind  which,  lik 
the    precious    balm  of  Gilead,  is   healing  to 
every  malady. 

1810,  1st  month  1st.  Another  year  soon 
gone  :  time  rolls  rapidly  away  !  may  obedience 
keep  pace  both  with  time  and  knowledge, 
that  the  merciful  favors  of  a  beneficent  Provi- 
dence may  not  be  bestowed  in  vain. 

12th.  At  our  Monthly  Meeting  at  Salem. 
The  standard  of  Truth,  through  holy  help, 
was  again  raised. 

While  at  Salem,  was  informed  of  the  sudden 
death  of  a  woman  who  had  formerly  lived 
in  the  family  with  my  wife's  mother;  since 
which  she  bad  not  lived  a  regular  and  reli- 
gious life,  but  the  contrary.  She  was  not  of 
our  religious  profession,  but  a  few  weeks  ago 
came  to  Friends'  meeting  in  Salem,  when  I 
■was  there.  I  remember  to  have  recognized 
the  person,  for  she  appeared  different  from 
any  of  the  rest  present.  I  knew  not  who  she 
was,  for  I  did  not  know  there  was  such  a 
character  in  the  town  ;  and  having  something 
on  my  mind  of  general  concern  to  commu- 
nicate to  the  people,  delivered  it  and  sat  down. 
But  my  mind  soon  became  exercised  under 
an  impressive  consideration  of  the  uncertainty 
of  time,  and  the  necessity  of  watching  unto 


for  him  to  be  interred  in  Friends'  burying 
ground,  and  in  Friends'  way.  And  last  even- 
ing, after  eating  his  supper  with  the  family, 
as  was  common  for  him  to  do,  he  complained 
of  being  unusually  cold,  and  went  to  bis  bed, 
laid  down  and  died  instantly.  The  request 
being  made  known,  was  granted,  and  the 
funeral  conducted  accordingly.  A  great  num- 
ber of  professors  of  different  denominations 
attended  to  good  satisfaction.  Thus  we  have 
the  consolation  of  performing  the  last  solemn 
rite,  and  of  showing  our  respect  to  one  a 
stranger  amongst  us,  not  of  our  religious  pro- 
fession, yet  a  sober,  orderly  ycung  man,  re- 
mote from  all  his  relatives  and  connexions,  in 


prayer,  and  was  led  to  speak  it;  and  perhaps [a  strange  land. 


But  there  is  evident  |  that  with  due  care  their  situation  might  be 
rendered  comfortable ;  and  with  proper  man- 
agement, and  the  blessing  of  Divine  Provi- 
dence, virtuous  habits  might  be  inculcated, 
and  their  minds,  in  some  sort,  become  imbued 
with  a  proper  view  of  things.  Thought  I  saw 
great  responsibility  resting  on  the  owners, 
under  whose  care  such  numbers  of  all  growths 
and  descriptions  were  employed,  and  how 
they  were  amenable  for  such  an  important 
trust;  my  mind  was  dipped  into  sympathy 
with  some  of  them,  in  a  particular  manner, 
on  that  account;  accompanied  with  tender 
solicitude  that  they  might  live  under  such  a 
sense  of"  that  universal  righteousness,  which 
breathes  love  to  God,  peace  on  earth  and  good 
will  towards  all  men,  as  from  thence  to  derive 
wisdom  and  strength,  commensurate  with  the 
responsibility  devolving  on  them,  enabling 
them  faithfully  to  discharge  the  duties  at- 
tached to  it,  with  peace  to  their  own  minds, 
and  to  the  benefit  of  their  dependents.  Re- 
turned to  William  Almy's  to  lodge. 

6th.  In  company  with  Moses  Brown,  rode 
to  Smithfield  and  made  a  visit  to  dear  old 
Benjamin  Arnold,  now  near  ninety  years  of 
ao-e.  We  found  him  tender  and  comfortable 
iiTmind. 

7th  and  8th.  At  Smithfield  Quarterly  Meet- 
ing the  Gospel  flowed  freely  to  a  large  and 
mixed  gathering,  to  my  great  relief.  Humble 
thanks  to  Him  who  lives  and  reigns  over  all 
the  kingdoms  of  the  world,  God  blessed  for- 
ever. 

9th.  Rode  home  with  a  peaceful  mind,  and 
found  all  well  but  my  endeared  friend  Hep- 
zibah  Newhall,  wife  of  Estes  Newhall,  who 
lay  a  corpse.  In  her  we  have  lost  a  very  dear 
friend  and  valuable  member  of  society;  and 
on  the  10th  attended  her  funeral.  Had  some 
service  which,  it  is  hoped,  was  to  the  comfort 
of  surviving  relatives  and  friends  present.  So 
we  go,  one  by  one;  and  so  we  shall  go,  until 


346 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  present  generation  be  soon  removed  from 
this  stage  of  action.  O  for  a  succession  of 
standard-bearers  from  among  the  youth! 

21st.  After  meeting  to-day,  my  dear  wife 
informed  me  that  while  sitting  in  meeting  she 
had  a  sense  that  my  mind  was  impressed  with 
a  concern  to  make  a  religious  visit  in  some 
distant  land.  And  if  I  suffered  my  attach- 
ment to  her  to  prevail  so  as  to  prevent  my 
attending  to  it,  she  was  apprehensive  she 
should  be  taken  from  me,  so  that  I  should 
have  no  such  clog  to  hinder  me.  It  affected 
me  with  tenderness.  I  knew  it  was  a  fact, 
though  I  said  but  little  about  it.  My  friend, 
Hepzibah  Newhall,  some  time  before  she  died 
told  me  the  same  thing.  O,  my  soul,  seek 
thou  for  resignation. 

3rd  month  4th.  At  Salem  First-day  meet- 
ing; a  blessed  season  it  was  to  me.  The 
everlasting  truth  prevailed  overall,  and  many 
were  comforted  and  edified,  while  1113'  own 
soul  rejoiced.  Blessed  be  He  in  whom  are  all 
the  sure  mercies  of  David. 

8th.  In  our  Monthly  Meeting,  the  time  of 
public  worship  was  to  me  a  time  of  peculiar 
favor;  it  was  the  Lord's  doings  and  marvel- 
lous in  my  eyes.  That  part  for  church  affairs 
was  painful.  O  poor  Lynn  !  the  place  of  my 
nativity,  aDd  the  place  of  my  espousals!  how 
have  I  loved  thee!  and  how  have  I  mourned 
over  thee,  with  deep  and  bitter  lamentation  ! 
"By  whom  shall  Jacob  arise,  for  he  is  small ! 

12th.  A  concern  rests  upon  me  on  account 
of  the  dear  children — the  rising  generation 
— especially  when  I  see  them  running  into 
vanities  and  the  delusive  pursuits  of  self- 
gratification.  When  I  see  them  precipitating 
themselves  into  the  spirit  of  the  world,  and 
throwing  off  that  important  badge  of  disciple- 
ship,  that  exterior  simplicity,  by  which  we 
have  been  outwardly  distinguished  as  the  self- 
denying  followers  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  which 
has  been  as  a  hedge  about  our  youth  everj 
since  we  became  a  distinct  Society.  We  often  | 
hear  the  youth  mentioned  as  the  flower  of 
the  present,  and  hope  of  succeeding  times; 
but  alas!  what  hope  of  a  succession  of  faithful 
and  distinguished  standard  and  testimony- 
bearers  can  we  have  from  among  them,  in  the 
present  appearance  of  things.  It  seems  to  me 
the  young  people  in  this  place  lay  under  pe- 
culiar disadvantages  by  the  customs  they  are 
exposed  to,  and  which  many  or  most  of  them 
adopt,  and  are  strengthened  in,  by  incorrect 
example,  even  in  those  from  whom  they 
might  reasonably  look  for  better  things.  It 
is  a  great  fault  in  those  who  have  the  govern- 
ment of  and  tuition  of  children,  to  cherish  a 
disposition  in  them  which  tends  to  destroy  a 
susceptibility  of  religious  impressions,  and 
renders  their  tender  minds  opposed  to  a  life 
of  self-denial.  It  seems  to  me  that  by  a  mode 
of  treatment  too  general,  a  taste  is  given  them 
for  self-gratification,  almost  from  their  in- 
fancy. If  it  begins  with  little  things  it  soon 
swells  to  greater;  if  it  begins  in  a  few,  the 
catalogue  of  wants  is  soon  enlarged.  It  lays 
the  foundation  for  a  great  deal  of  uneasiness 
and  impatience,  under  cross  occurrences  and 
trials  incidental  to  this  probationary  and  mu- 
table state  of  things  ;  and  if  yielded'to,  is  sure 
to  destroy  their  present  comfort,  and  their 
future  happiness.  "  Bring  up  a  child  in  the 
■way  he  should  go,  and  when  he  is  old  he  will 
not  depart  from  it,"  is  confirmed  by  tho  direc- 
tion of  an  apostle  for  "  Parents  to  bring  up 
their  children  in  the  nurture  and  admonition 
of  the  Lord." 


When  the  minds  of  children  first  become 
susceptible  of  good  and  evil,  which  is  at  a 
very  early  period  of  their  lives,  as  is  easily 
perceived  by  those  who  have  the  care  of  them, 
whatever  impressions  they  then  take,  are 
likely  to  bias  their  minds  in  a  lesser  or  greater 
degree,  through  the  several  subsequent  stages 
of  their  lives,  even  though  unfavorable  to 
their  chiefest  good,  if  great  care  is  not  taken 
to  counteract  them,  or  some  extraordinary 
intervention  should  take  place  in  their  minds. 
If,  at  an  early  period  of  life,  they  receive  evil 
impressions  on  their  minds,  and  are  strength- 
ened in  them  by  the  precept  and  example  of 
those  whom  they  look  up  to  as  instructors, 
tbey  become  so  fixed  that  it  is  found  very 
difficult  to  eradicate  them.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  those  tendering  impressions  of  which 
the  youthful  and  childish  mind  is  susceptible, 
are  carefully  cherished  by  the  fostering  hand 
of  a  judicious  tutor,  and  encouraged  by  good 
example,  they  would  become  so  habituated 
to  acts  of  self-denial,  as  would  enable  them, 
as  they  grow  in  years,  and  as  judgment  ma- 
tures, to  endure  trials  and  the  cross  with  re- 
signation and  fortitude  ;  and  would  truly  dig- 
nify their  Christian  profession. 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "The  Friend." 

Wanderings  in  New  Britain. 

The  author  of  this  interesting  volume,  Wil- 
fred Powell,  explored  the  coasts  of  New  Bri-' 
tain  and  the  adjacent  islands,  in  a  small  vessel 
of  fifteen  tons,  purchased  by  the  assistance  of 
several  men  in  Sydney,  who  were  desirous  of 
obtaining  information  respecting  those  re-' 
gions  which  were  little  known.  A  vessel  of 
that  size  was  thought  to  be  safer  than  a  larger! 
one  among  the  numerous  reefs  and  dangerous 
currents  abounding  in  those  waters.  The 
part}'  consisted  of  the  commander  and  three 
seamen  (one  of  them  a  native  of  New  Britain, ' 
whom  they  were  taking  back  to  his  home) 
and  a  cook. 

On  their  way  they  stopped  at  Teste  Island 
off  the  coast  of  New  Guinea,  where  the  na 
tives  were  very  friendly,  and  brought  yams,! 
fish,  and  other  articles,  which  they  exchanged  j 
for  iron  hoop,  red  cloth  and  beads.  Their 
bouses  were  built  on  piles  from  fourtosixj 
feet  high  ;  on  these  are  placed  large  round 
pieces  of  wood,  and  on  these  the  house  rests. 
The  house  seems  to  consist  of  floor  and  roof 
only,  for  the  roof  is  rounded  off  to  each  side, 
something  like  an  inverted  boat ;  it  is  thatch- 
ed with  grass  or  sugar-cane  leaves;  the  floor 
is  made  of  canes  laid  across  the  beams  and 
lashed  together  with  plaited  string,  made  of 
cocoa-nut  fibres.  The  door  is  only  an  open- 
ing on  one  side,  approached  by  a  rude  ladder 
constructed  of  forked  stakes  with  pieces  of 
wood  laid  across  in  the  forks.  Inside  the 
house  there  is  not  room  enough  for  a  man  to 
stand  upright.  They  sometimes  make  a  small 
fire  on  a  large  flat  stone  in  the  centre  of  the 
house,  but  most  of  the  cooking  is  done  out- 
side. The  framework  of  the  roof  is  made 
from  bamboo-cane,  and  the  interior  of  almost 
every  house  was  blackened  by  the  smoke  from 
burning  cocoa-nut  shell,  which  will  not  rub 
off. 

They  have  sailing  canoes,  the  largest  of 
which  was  thirty  feet  in  length,  ornamented 
with  rough  carving  and  white  cowry  shells, 
also  with  pieces  of  grass,  flowers,  &c.  The 
sails  are  oval,  and  the  ropes  are  made  out  of 
the  bark  of  a  tree  twisted  tightly  together. 


On  nearly  every  house  skulls  were  hang 
ing,  which  they  refused  in  a  very  decided 
manner  to  sell.  These  wore  probably  not  the! 
skulls  of  enemies,  but  rather  those  of  relations. 

The  people  on  the  east  coast  of  New  Gui- 
nea are  of  a  higher  type  than  the  tribes  on 
the  south  coast,  or  those  of  the  Calvadoel 
Chain,  who  are  cannibals.  It  was  at  this  last1 
named  plaeethatfive  hundred  Chinamen  |  who. 
were  on  their  way  to  form  a  colon}'  in  New 
Guinea)  were  wrecked,  and  eaten  as  required! 
by  the  natives — at  least  all  but  three  or  four,1 
who  were  bought  back  from  the  savages  1'oij 
looking-glasses,  beads,  &c. 

Among  the  articles  of  native  manufacture 
were  tomahawks  of  stone  ground  into  the 
shape  of  a  flat  wedge,  beautifully  smooth,  and 
firmly  fastened  into  a  wooden  handle;  spears 
for  fishing  made  of  hard  woods  with  diverging 
points  or  prongs;  fighting  spears,  some  smooth- 
pointed  and  others  having  barbs  of  wood; 
clubs  resembling  swords  in  shape;  paddles  ol 
canoes,  with  heart-shaped  blades  and  crutch- 
headed  tops,  often  very  nicely  carved  into  the 
shape  of  a  bird;  shields;  amulets  made  oi 
plaited  cane  dyed  red  ;  pieces  of  ground  clam 
shells,  pointed  at  the  ends,  which  are  used  as 
nose  ornaments,  the  cartilage  of  the  nose  be- 
ing pierced  to  receive  them,  and  necklets 
made  of  cassowaries'  feathers  and  of  bird-of- 
paradise  plumes,  worked  on  to  a  cord.  They 
wear  a  waist-cloth  made  of  the  bark  of  a  tree, 
and  above  the  waist  they  wrap  their  bodies 
round  and  round  with  a  black  plaited  eord,i 
with  bright  yellow  strands  worked  into  its 
which  has  something  the  appearance  of  a 
small  snake.  Many  of  the  natives  of  these 
islands  go  entirely  naked,  as  is  the  ease  in 
other  parts  of  Polynesia,  and  as  Dr.  Schwein- 
furth  describes  in  Central  Africa,  excepting 
some  slight  ornaments,  such  as  armlets  and 
necklaces,  giving  a  degree  of  plausibility  to 
the  theory  of  some  writers,  who  ascribe  the 
use  of  clothing  in  hot  climates  to  the  love  of 
ornament,  and  not  to  necessity  of  protecting 
the  body  from  the  weather. 

Where  violence  and  bloodshed  are  so  rife, 
it  is  refreshing  to  hear  of  a  group  of  islands 
which  our  author  discovered  about  seven 
years  before  this  voyage,  whose  inhabitants 
"  had  no  weapons  of  war  at  all  amongst  them 
only  fishing  spears  and  such  instruments  as- 
were  necessary  to  maintain  existence.  They 
were  most  friendly,  and  gave  us  of  the  best1 
they  had  ;  we  in  exchange  leaving  them  two 
pigs,  and  probably  now  they  have  plenty  of 
pork  to  eat,  where  before  they  had  only  fish, 
cocoa-nut,  taro,  yams  and  land-crabs.'' 

The  native  of  New  Britain,  who  formed  one 
of  the  crew,  was  named  Aleck.  He  had  been, 
kidnapped  from  his  home  some  years  before, 
probably  by  one  of  the  vessels  engaged  in  pro- 
curing laborers  to  work  on  the  Australian 
plantations.  His  home  was  at  Nodup,  a  vil- 
lage beneath  the  Mother  Mountain  on  the 
north  coast  of  New  Britain.  When  they  near- 
ed  the  spot,  a  canoe  came  off,  and  when  they 
came  alongside,  the  natives  were  much  sur- 
prised to  see  Aleck,  as  they  had  long  since 
given  him  up,  believing  him  to  be  dead.  Theyl 
asked  him  many  questions  about  the  others) 
that  had  been  taken  with  him,  and  he  had  to 
repeat  that  shameful  story  so  often  told,  of 
how  these  poor  natives,  after  being  kidnapped 
by  white  men,  wore  allowed  to  die  like  sheep] 
on  the  wharf  of  a  wealthy  firm.  They  were 
housed  in  an  old  condemned  deck-house  on! 
shore,   without  wiudows  and    with   a  leaky 


THE    FRIEND. 


347 


,  roof,  and  this  in  the   winter.     There   were 

;  eight  at  first,  six  of  whom  died  on  the  wharf, 

(  and  one  afterwards  from  the  exposure.    (The 

I  head  of  the  firm  on   whose  wharf  the  poor 

;  creatures  perished,  passes  for  a  very  Christian 

i  man!)     Aleck  was  the  last  of  them.     When 

i  his  countrymen  began  to  talk  with  him,  he 

found  that  be  had  forgotten  a  great  deal  of 

the  language,  and  could  not  answer  them  very 

well,  having  been  away  for  five  years.     He 

found  that  his  father  and  mother  were  both 

:  alive,  living  on   an    island  called  Matupi,  in 

i  Blanche  Bay. 

After  finding  a  place  to  anchor,  Aleck  and 
W.  Powell,  with  some  of  the  natives  as  guides, 
crossed  the  hills  to  the  head  of  Blanche  Bay. 
I  They  found  the  land  through  which  the}-  pass- 
.  ed  nearly  all  cultivated,  large  crops  of  bananas, 
yams  and  tf.ro  being  all  around  them  ;  the  soil 
seemed  very  rich,  being  formed  of  decomposed 
volcanic  and  vegetable  matters.  Two  of  the 
villages  which  lay  on  their  route  were  re- 
markable for  the  neatness  and  taste  with 
which  the  pieces  of  ground  surrounding  each 
house  were  laid  out;  the  natives  seemed  to 
have  collected  from  the  bush  a  quantity  of 
the  brightest-looking  variegated  shrubs  to 
plant  round  their  dwellings. 

As  they  passed  over  the  top  of  the  hill  they 
had  a  grand  view  of  the  Mother  Mountain 
,  and  South  Daughter,  with  Blanche  Buy  and 
the  shore   on    the  far  side  of  it  ;  under  the 
I  Mother  they  could  see  the  volcano  with  its 
dense  volumes  of  smoke  and  steam.     Going 
along  the  shore  they  passed  a  hot-water  creek, 
which  seemed  to  be  a  shallow  crater  with  one 
side  opened  to  the  bay.    The  whole  shore  was 
covered  with  pumice  stone  ;  and  the  natives 
said  there  was  a  terrible  eruption  about  twelve 
years  before,  in  which  many  men  were  killed 
j  t>3T  the  falling  of  huge  blocks  of  pumice  stone, 
i  and  that  there  had  been  several  smaller  out- 
bursts since. 

On  the  island  of  Matupi,  Powell  was  the 
guest  of  a  trader,  who  was  stationed  there  to 
purchase  native  produce,  which  he  kept  in 
store  until  the  arrival  of  the  trading  vessels. 
j  This  man  was  very  kind,  and  assisted  our 
j  traveller  in  purchasing  some  pigs  for  a  toma- 
hawk apiece.  They  are  all  fed  on  cocoa-nuts, 
j  which  gives  the  flesh  a  pleasant  flavor. 

One  of  the  principle  articles  of  trade  is  the 
white  pith  of  the  ripe  cocoa-nut,  cut  into  strips 
j  and  dried  in  the  sun.  This  is  called  copra, 
and  is  bought  at  the  rate  of  a  pound  of  copra 
I  for  a  thimbleful  of  beads.  It  is  shipped  to 
i  Europe,  where  the  price  varies  from  £10  to 
£16  per  ton.  It  is  there  crushed  in  mills  and 
I  the  oil  pressed  from  it.  The  traders  also  buy 
|  tortoise-shell,  pearl-shell,  candle-nuts,  and  the 
:  bark  of  a  tree  called  ■'  fowbash,"  which  is  used 
'  for  the  manufacture  of  paper. 

Before   the  vessel   left  this  neighborhood, 
they  received  a  visit  from  Aleck,  who  came 
off  with  a  lad  who  had  hurt  his  arm.     Aleck 
it  appears  had  bought  a  gun  in  Sydney  with 
some  of  the  money  he  had  received;  he  load- 
ed this  gun  to  shoot  at  a  pigeon,  but  did  not, 
I  however,  discharge  it,  lying  down  to  sleep 
i  instead.     His  brother  saw  another  bird,  load- 
j  ed  the  gun  again,  but  did  not  fire,  and  left  the 
j  double-loaded  gun  lying  by  Aleck;  then  this 
!  other  man  came  up,  and,  loading  the  gun  the 
third  time,  fired  ;  the  result  can  be  imagined  ; 
the  gun  burst,  and  the  man  was  badly  wound- 
ed in  the  arm.     W.  P.  says,  "I  doctored  up 
his  arm  for  him,  for  which  he  wanted  to  pay 
me  in  native  money.     I  did   not,  of  course, 


wish  to  take  it,  but  Aleck  told  me  I  had  bet- 
ter do  so,  as  there  is  an  idea  amongst  these 
people  that  if  they  do  not  pay  they  do  not  get 


The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non-Accordancy  of  Stage- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Continued  from  pige  342.) 

Upon  this  theme  of  "church  ornamenta- 
tion," that  gifted  writer  of  religious  poetry, 
the  late  Frances  R.  Havergal,  wrote  thought- 
fully and  discriminating!}-,  not  long  before  her 
death,  in  treating  of  the  m.atter  of  "  Christian 
Decorations."  Her  opinion  hereupon  is  cer- 
tainly entitled  to  serious  attention,  especially 
as  proceeding  from  one  who,  with  such  a  love 
for  harmonic  measures  in  language,  might 
have  been  thought  likel}7  to  look  with  an  in- 
dulgent eye  upon  the  grace  of  floral  decora- 
tion— even  in  church  edifices.  With  the  hope 
that  her  clear  expression  upon  this  subject 
may  be  heeded  in  a  direction  where  outward 
show,  not  to  saj-  "  stage  effects,"  have  been 
making  rapid  strides  during  recent  years,  I 
quote  the  following  passage: 

"The  experience  of  every  honest  conscience 
shows  that  when  we,  who  naturally  love  all 
that  is  beautiful,  enter  a  church  [building] 
beautifully  decorated,  the  temptation  to  wan- 
dering eyes  and  thoughts  is  just  in  proportion 
to  the  exquisiteness  and  elaborateness  of  the 
decorations.  We  have  come  to  seek  Jesus, 
to  find  the  Shepherd  '  by  the  footsteps  of  the 
flock;'  we  want  to  commune  with  Him,  and 
we  want  Him  to  speak  to  our  hearts;  we 
want  to  be  freshly  and  specially  'looking 
unto  Jesus'  in  all  the  meaning  of  that  word, 
looking  away  from  all  else,  looking  unto  Him  ; 
and  at  once  our  eye  is  caught  by  an  elegant 
festoon,  and  a  singularly  effective  twining  ofi 
a  pillar  or  picking  out  of  a  moulding,  and  a 
novel  arrangement  of  the  panels  of  the  pulpit. 
It  is  all  lovely,  much  prettier  than  last  year, 
the  general  effect  is  so  good,  and  so  on.  And 
suddenly  we  remember  what  we  came  for, 
and  we  make  a  gi'eat  effort  to  turn  away  our 
eyes  and  fix  them  on  'Jesus  only;'  but  some- 
how the  electric  chain  has  been  severed,  the 
'other  things'  have  entered  in  ;  and  when  we 
again  look  up,  to  meet  the  smile  of  the  '  Prince 
of  Peace,'  we  find  there  has  been  'something 
between,'  our  eyes  have  involuntarily  turned 
away  from  the  '  King  in  his  beauty'  to  the 
passing  prettiness  of  garland  and  wreath. 
What  have  we  not  lost?" 

Although  the  tendency  of  the  times  is 
toward  legally  setting  apart,  as  public  holi- 
days, those  days  which  certain  religious  de- 
nominations have  habitually  observed  in  com- 
memoration of  the  birth,  death,  and  resurrec- 
tion of  the  Son  of  God,  yet  the  result  of  this 
authorization  has  been  (at  least  in  all  the 
cities)  to  so  markedly  crowd  the  theatres  and 
all  pleasure  resorts,  and  so  to  give  opportunity 
for  indulgence  in  riotous  conduct  and  licen- 
tious revelry,  that  many  have  reached  the 
conclusion  that  the  enactment  of  these  public 
holidays  was  unwise.  One  quotation  from  a 
Baptist  paper  of  a  year  or  two  since,  will 
serve  for  much  which  might  be  adduced,  to 
show  that  these  so-called  "  holy-days"  are 
made  the  occasions  for  hilarious  excesses 
which  are  notably  on  the  increase,  and  which 
really  make  them,  as  estimated  by  their  re- 


sults, the  most  Mrtholy  of  all  the  days  of  the 
year. 

"  Our  own  city  [Atlanta]  was  disgraced  in 
a  deplorable  manner.  We  hope  never  to  be 
forced  to  see  the  like  again.  Crowds  of  men 
and  boys,  white  and  black,  surged  through 
the  streets  and  obstructed  the  side  walks, 
drinking,  swaggering,  cursing  and  black- 
guarding each  other,  flourishing  pistols,  firing 
them  in  utter  disregard  of  the  danger  to  life 
and  limb,  and  otherwise  indulging  in  acts  of 
depravity  and  beastliness.  One  or  two  per- 
sons were  murdered  or  mortally  wounded, 
desperate  rencontres  took  place,  many  were 
bruised,  and  the  few  arrests  that  could  bo 
made  under  this  condition  of  affairs,  sufficed 
to  fill  the  polico  station  until  cells  and  corri- 
dors could  hold  no  more.  The  pistol,  knife, 
club,  and  whiskey-bottle  appeared  to  be  the 
controlling  factors  of  our  communal  system. 
A  day  theoretically  supposed  to  be  devoted 
to  the  Christian  rites  of  peace,  and  love,  and 
good-will,  and  consecrated  to  the  advent  on 
earth  of  the  Son  of  God.  the  blessed  Redeemer 
of  the  world,  was  turned  into  a  Saturnalia, 
made  foul  with  the  slime  of  orgies,  and  black- 
ened with  the  record  of  atrocious  crimes." 

But,  it  may  be  objected,  all  this  iniquity  is 
merely  incidental  to  those  da}-s,  and  ought 
not  to  be  charged  upon  the  professing  church. 
Without  conceding  this,  let  us  turn  from  the 
gross  and  forbidding  picture,  and  consider 
whether  the  mantle  of  the  Christian  religion 
is  not  thrown  over  practices,  which,  if  seem- 
ingly more  refined  than  those  just  brought 
to  view,  are  yet  of  so  insidious  a  nature  that 
their  influence  is  altogether  in  opposition  to 
true,  spiritual  religion. 

It  cannot  now  be  consistently  claimed,  in 
many  quarters,  that  the  end  sought  in  asso- 
ciating together  as  religious  congregations  is 
simply  the  worship  of  God  and  the  "com- 
munion of  saints."  The  Church  must  provide 
entertainment  as  well.  Now,  from  the  church 
fair,  oyster  supper  and  strawberry  festival,  to 
amateur  operatics  and  the  stage,  the  step  has 
been  proven  to  be  not  a  long  one.  Thus,  the 
first  annual  report  of  a  church  "guild"  sets 
forth  "that  during  the  past  year  six  enter- 
tainments were  given  at  the  club-house,  a 
series  of  tableaux  in  parish  school  build- 
ing, and  a  theatrical  entertainment  at  the 
Amateur  Drawing  Room.  These  entertain- 
ments increased  the  membership  of  the  club 
and  will  be  continued  during  the  presentyear." 

Again,  we  find  pool  and  billiard  tables,  &c, 
provided  for  clubs  of  workingmen  under  the 
care  of  churches,  and  series  of  public  games 
between  the  clubs  announced — with  theatri- 
cals following.  At  Saratoga,  early  in  the 
year,  a  fancy  dress  ball  for  the  benefit  of  a 
"Rectory  Fund"  was,  given,  followed  by  a 
grand  banquet  at  midnight,  and,  (according 
to  a  secular  paper)  the  resuming  of  the  danc- 
ing thereafter,  and  its  continuation  until  a 
late  hour.  The  Guide  to  Holiness,  upon  this 
matter  of  "standing  in  the  mixture,"  aptly 
says : 

"  The  discovery  has  been  made  that  the 
Church,  in  order  to  hold  its  young  people  to 
its  altars,  must  provide  for  the  natural  crav- 
ing for  amusement.  It  used  to  be  held  that 
Jesus  and  his  work  furnished  ample  resources 
to  meet  the  loftiest  aspirations  of  a  saved  soul. 
*  *  The  holidays  furnish  occasion  for  the  in- 
genious and  progressive  sons  and  daughters 
of  Zion  to  make  full  proof  of  their  new  voca- 
tion.    They  are  now  busy  preparing  dramas, 


348 


THE    FRIEND. 


comedies,  farces,  suppers,  fairs,  and  entertain- 
ments of  every  conceivable  sort.  They  are 
spending 'their  wretched  strength  for  naught.' 
So  far  from  preventing  attendance  upon  a 
full-grown  theatre  and  opera  by  these  efforts, 
they  are  whetting  the  appetite  of  the  people 
therefor.  *  *  It  is  eating  out  the  life  of  the 
Church — it  is  destroying  our  young  people, 
rendering  them  unfit  for  all  true  spiritual  ex- 
ercise. Give  your  money,  liberally,  for  every 
laudable  church  object — but  stand  aloof,  posi- 
tively, in  the  holidays  and  evermore,  from  the 
unholy  festivals." 

(To  be  concluded.) 


How  Children  are  Sometimes  Hardened. — Of 
all  the  disastrous  policies  which  thoughtless 
parents  adopt  for  the  government  and  train- 
ing of  children  scarcely  one  is  more  prolific 
of  evil  than  that  of  harping  perpetually  upon 
a  child's  shortcomings  or  defects.  Sometim 
it  is  a  physical  peculiarity— red  hair,  a  squint 
eye,  a  pug  nose,  some  uncommon  development 
of  feature  or  form — that  receives  comment. 
This,  as  it  is  generally  only  a  jocular,  good- 
natured  badgering,  is  not  extremely  serious, 
though  evil  sometimes  results,  as  a  morbid 
self-consciousness  is  likelj'  to  be  developed, 
both  painful  and  injurious  to  the  child.  Fre- 
quently the  fruit  is  excessive  shyness  or 
awkwardness,  difficult  to  overcome  even  after 
the  primary  cause  may  have  been  outgrown. 

But  when  it  is  some  mental  trait  "that  is 
made  the  never-ending  topic  of  remark,  with 
gloomy  or  sarcastic  prognostications  of  the 
future,  most  evil  results  accrue.  If  it  is  true 
that  "we  arc  apt  to  believe  what  the  world 
believes  about  us,"  it  is  still  more  a  truth  as 
regards  children,  who  are  scarcely  able  of 
deciding  for  themselves  any  knotty  point, 
whose  thoughts  are  more  or  less  confused  at 
the  best,  who  naturally  turn  to  parents  or 
guardians,  and  whose  most  intimate  associates 
stand  to  them  for  the  world.  A  policy  of 
this  kind  cannot  but  prove  dulling  to  the 
sensibilities  and  hardening  to  the  heart. 

The  harping  and  hammering  go  on  day 
after  day,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  till  the 
child  comes  to  look  upon  home  as  a  place  of 
torment  rather  than  refuge,  and  upon  th 
parent  as  an  avenging  Nemesis  rather  than  a 
being  to  reverence  and  love.  There  is  often 
times  something  exceedingly  pathetic  about 
these  much-berated  little  ones. 

Gentle,  steady  firmness  may,  indeed,  take 
more  patience,  energy  and  time,  than  a  strc 
of  reproofs,  but  let  the  parent  be  assured  that 
if  the  former  does  not  cure  the  latter  never 
will. 

If  the  parent  feels  an  uncertainty  about 
the  ill  effects  of  "living  under  a  cloud,"  let 
him  try  the  experiment  for  himself.  Let  him 
offend  the  prejudices  of  the  community,  or 
let  some  enemy  instil  suspicion  or  doubt  into 
the  minds  of  his  associates  ;  let  him  for  a  few 
months  meet  with  shoulder  shruggings  where 
he  is  accustomed  to  handshakings,  with  indif- 
ferent nods  where  he  expects  greetings,  and 
then  let  him  declare  whether  his  experience 
has  served  to  sweeten  his  temper,  or  harden 
his  heart. —  Country  Gentleman. 

It  is  not  for  us  to  judge  of  the  importance 
of  our  impressions  of  duty,  or  of  their  use,  but 
to  do  the  work  dailj'  set  before  us,  whether 
greater  or  smaller,  and  the  reward  will  follow  : 
and  it  will  have  its  effect  whether  we  ever 
know  it  or  not. — Catharine  Seely. 


A  HERO  OF  LEXINGTON. 
"  I  had  two  bullets  in  my  pouch, 

Two  charges  in  my  horn, 
When  British  red-coats  gayly  came 

To  Lexington  that  morn." 

The  veteran  gravely  Paid  the  words, 

And  paused,  and  silent  grew  ; 
But  Johnny  raised  the  lashes  from 

His  wond'ring  eyes  of  blue, 

And  cried  :  "Oh  grandpa,  tell  me  all ! 

How  many  did  you  slay  ? 
'Twas  glorious  if  each  bullet  killed 

A  Britisher  that  day  !" 

The  veteran  smiled  upon  the  child  ; 

"You  think  so  now,"  said  he; 
"  But  ihe  wreath  of  fame  on  victory's  brow 

Is  the  badge  of  misery. 

"Too  well  you  know  the  story,  dear, 

To  ask  for  its  repeating; 
How,  back  from  Concord,  came  the  foe, 

Toward  Boston  swift  retreating. 

"  A  proud  young  officer  passed  by, 

And,  standing  near  a  wall, 
I  raised  my  rifle  to  my  eye, 

Resolved  that  he  should  fall. 

"  With  steady  nerve  and  earnest  aim 

I  drew  a  bead  ;  and  then — 
Well,  then  the  proud  young  officer 

Marched  onward  with  his  men  ! — 

"  One  charge  was  in  my  powder-horn, 

One  in  my  rusty  gun." 
"  And  killed  you  not  a  single  man  ?" 
"Not  one,  my  boy,  not  one ! 

"  You're  angry,  dear,  and  so  was  I, 

For  my  patriot  blood  was  hot ; 
But  I've  thanked  the  Lord  a  thousand  times 

That  He  staid  the  deadly  shot; 

"For,  when  the  war  was  o'er  at  last, 

The  man  I  tried  to  kill 
Became  my  friend,— I  see  him  now 

Just  coming  round  the  hill!" 

"Why,  thatis/u^er/"— "Yes,  my  boy; 

Run  to  the  house  and  bring 
My  rifle,  now,  and  let  me  prove 

That  war's  a  cruel  thing. 

"  You  wished  that  I  had  killed  him  then- 
Suppose  I  kill  him  now  I" 

The  child  gazed  in  the  veteran's  face 
And  fiercely  frowning  brow; 

And  then,  forgetting  Lexington, 

And  glory's  glittering  charms, 
Turned  traitor,  and  abruptly  fled 

To  the  red-coat's  fondling  arms. 

— H.   W.  Fink  in  St.  Nicholas. 


THE  COAST-GUARD. 
Do  you  wonder  what  I  am  seeing, 

In  the  heart  of  the  fire,  aglow 
Like  cliffs  in  a  golden  sunset, 

With  a  summer  sea  below  ? 
I  see,  away  to  the  eastward, 

The  line  of  a  storm-beat  coast, 
And  I  hear  the  tread  of  the  hurrying  w 

Like  the  tramp  of  a  mailed  host. 

And  up  and  down  in  the  darkness, 

And  over  the  frozen  sand, 
I  hear  the  men  of  the  coast-guard 

Pacing  along  the  strand. 
Beaten  by  storm  and  tempest, 

And  drenched  by  the  pelting  rain, 
From  the  shores  of  Carolina, 

To  the  wind-swept  bays  of  Maine. 

No  matter  what  storms  are  raging, 

No  matter  how  wild  the  night," 
The  gleam  of  their  swinging  lanterns 

Shines  out  with  a  friendly  light. 
And  many  a  shipwrecked  sailor 

Thanks  God,  with  his  gasping  breath, 
For  the  sturdy  arms  of  the  surfmen 

That  drew  him  away  from  death. 


And  so,  when  the  wind  is  wailing, 

And  the  air  grows  dim  with  sleet, 
I  think  of  the  fearless  watchers 

Pacing  along  their  beat. 
I  think  of  a  wreck,  fast  breaking 

In  the  surf  of  a  rocky  shore, 
And  the  life-boat  leaping  onward 

To  the  stroke  of  the  bending  oar. 

I  hear  the  shouts  of  the  sailors, 

The  boom  of  the  frozen  sail, 
And  the  creak  of  the  icy  halyards, 

Straining  against  the  gale. 
"Courage!"  the  captain  trumpets, 

"They  are  sending  help  from  land!" 
God  b'ess  the  men  of  the  coast-guard, 

And  hold  their  lives  in  His  hand  ! 

— Emily  Huntington  Miller  in  St.  Nicholas. 

How  the  Gospels  were  Translated  into  Corean. 

The  story  of  the  translation  of  the  Gospels 
into  Corean  is  a  very  interesting  one.  It  is 
seldom  that  such  work  is  begun  and  carried 
to  a  successful  end  in  the  face  of  difficulties 
so  great  as  those  encountered  by  J.  Boss.  J. 
Ross  is  a  missionary  of  the  Scottish  United 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  charge  of  the  mission 
in  Moukden,  Manchuria.  His  attention  was 
turned  toward  Corea  as  early  as  1873,  when 
he  was  stationed  in  Newcbang,  and  he  made 
a  journey  that  j-ear  to  the  Corean  Gate  to. as- 
certain the  character  of  Eastern  Manchuria, 
and  also  to  get  information  if  possible  of  the 
Coreans  and  their  language.  A  six  day's 
journey  brought  him  to  the  Gate,  which  he 
found  to  be  a  straggling  village  or  market 
town,  where  a  large  traffic  was  carried  on  be- 
tween the  Coreans  and  the  Chinese.  It  is  not 
in  Corea,  nor  even  on  the  border  of  that  coun- 
try, but  is  almost  thirty  miles  west  on  what 
was  formerly  neutral  territory.  Four  markets 
are  held  yearly,  the  autumnal  market  being 
the  most  important.  The  customs  officers  of 
both  nations  are  diligent  during  the  markets 
'n  collecting  duties  on  all  goods  passing  into 
their  respective  countries. 

J.  Ross  made  it  his  business  to  talk  with 
the  Coreans  and  learn  as  much  from  them  as 
he  could.     They  were  even  more  curious  than 
the  Chinese;  but  after  he  had  patiently  satis- 
fied  their   curiosity   about    himself  and   his 
country,  and  sought  to  learn  of  them  some- 
bat  of  their  language,  laws  and  institutions, 
i  found  them  deaf.     The  medium  of  com-  i 
munication  was  the  Mandarin  dialect,  which 
they  spoke  with  fluency,  and  they  stubbornly 
maintained  that  they  bad  no  language  of  their 
own,   and  spoke  only  Chinese.     He  was  as-  I 
founded  at  the  pertinacity  with  which  they 
adhered  to  this  barefaced  falsehood  ;  for,  like 
Peter,  their  "speech  bewraycth"  them.  Every 
sentence  they  spoke  proved  that  they  were  I 
using  an   alien   language.     The  Chinese  use  j 
the  letter  /  as  freely  as  the  English  do,  but  i 
the  Corean  cannot  pronounce  it.     He  trans-  ] 
forms  it  into  a  b  or  a  p.    They  received  Ross's 
books,  though  they  would  not  buy  them.    He 
succeeded  in  purchasing,  at  an  enormous  price, 
a  half-dozen  old  Corean  books  in  manuscript, 
and  this  was  about  the  only  result  of  his  visit, 
yet  he  resolved  that  he  would  get  at  the  lan- 
guage, though  no  Corean  could   bo  hired  to 
become  his  teacher. 

Six  months  after  his  visit  to  the  Gate  he 
heard  of  a  Corean  of  the  humblest  class  being 
in  Newchang,  and  ho  forthwith  hired  him  to 
do  rough  work  about  his  house.  The  man 
had  not  spoken  Corean  in  eleven  years,  and 
had  forgotten  it;  but  he  was  able  to  recollect 
a  few  sentences  and  to  make  the  forms  of  a 
few  letters.     After  J.  Ross  got  all  from  him 


THE    FRIEND. 


hat  he  knew,  he  returned  to  the  Corean  Gate, 
iking  the  man  with  him.  The  Coreans 
vhom  he  had  talked  with  before  were  as  un- 
lommunicable  as  ever.  One  day  he  wrote 
he  few  Corean  letters  he  had  learned  on  a 
>ieee  of  paper  and  handed  it  to  a  man  who 
iad  just  emphatically  denied  that  there  was 
iny  Corean  language,  and  who,  taken  off  his 
Sard,  exclaimed  with  amazement:  "Why. 
'hose  are  our  letters.  How  did  you  come  to 
enow  them  ?"  Supposing  that  Ross  knew  all 
be  letters,  the  man  called  for  pencil  and 
>aper  and  wrote  some  sentences  in  Corean, 
ind  then  threw  the  paper  away.  It  was 
)icked  up  and  preserved,  and  found  useful, 
subsequently,  J-  Ross  handed  the  paper  to 
mother  Corean,  asking  him  to  read  it,  which 
ie  did,  Ross  taking  down  the  sounds.  In  this 
vay  the  missionary  began  his  studj'  of  Corean. 
md  mastered  the  alphabet.  Meantime  his 
Korean  servant  was  endeavoring  to  hire  a 
Korean  literary  man  to  return  with  Ross  to 
fcwehang,  but  without  success.  Finally,  a 
nerchant  who  had  just  become  bankrupt, 
>ffered  to  go  to  escape  the  severe  punishment 
risked  on  such  offenders,  who  have  no  pro- 
nation in  Corea.  He  dressed  as  a  Chinese 
lervant,  to  avoid  suspicion,  and,  as  he  sat  on 
he  shaft  of  the  cart,  he  gave  a  complete  list  of 
,he  letters  of  the  alphabet,  and  their  proper 
jronunciation,  together  with  many  Corean 
lentenees,  which  were  carefully  taken  down. 
rhe  man,  however,  was  in  constant  fear  of 
letection,  and  one  morning  he  fled. 

After  many  unsuccessful  efforts  to  employ 
Koreans,  a  man  was  secured  for  a  few  months. 
kVith  his  help  the  Gospel  of  John  was  trans- 
ated,  and  then  the  Acts.  The  man  was 
,hen  frightened  away,  and  others  were  se 
:ured  for  brief  periods,  and  the  Gospels  of 
tfatthew  and  Luke,  the  Acts  and  the  Romans 
tnd  a  few  Christian  books  to  serve  as  an  in 
,roduction  to  the  Gospels  were  translated 
Ee  would  not,  however,  publish  these  trans 
ations  until  he  had  the  means  of  critically 
sorrecting  them.  His  colleague,  —  Macintyre, 
vith  the  help  of  several  Coreans,  two  of  whom 
iad  become  Christians,  revised  the  first  trans- 
ations.  The  books  are  to  bo  issued  now 
inder  the  patronage  of  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society. 

One  of  the  curious  things  about  the  curious 
Koreans  is  that  the  most  illiterate  of  them — 
'.  e.,  those  who  can  neither  read  nor  write 
Chinese  —  read  fluently  the  Corean.  The 
misses,  therefore,  as  well  as  the  literary  men, 
5an  be  reached  by  the  Corean  New  Testa- 
nent. 

The  Corean  alphabet  is  phonetic  and  "  beau- 
tifully simple.''  It  admits  "of  a  very  near 
ipproximation  to  Greek  names  ;  indeed  these 
;ould  be  almost  correctly  written  in  Corean 
but  for  the  lack  of  letters'/,/  and  v."  He  has 
sought  to  make  not  a  literal  but  an  idiomatic 
translation.  For  example  Coreans  have  no 
!'  eyes"  in  their  needles  but  "  ears,"  hence  the 
translation  is :  "  It  is  easier  for  a  camel  to 
)ass  through  the  ear  of  a  needle,"  &c. 

An  article  by  J.  Ross  in  the  Chinese  Mis- 
ionary  Recorder  for  12th  month,  closes  thus  : 

"  It  is  now  more  than  a  year  since  the  Gos- 
pel of  Luke  in  Corean  was  first  printed.  My 
polleague  had  translated  it  four  or  five  times, 
Lnd  I  had  the  benefit  of  his  work.  Soon, 
.hereafter,  John  followed.  The  original  edi- 
tion was  3,000  copies  of  each.  Of  these  most 
aave  been  introduced  into  Corea  by  our  Co- 


ean  members,  who  then  numbered  four  and 
are  now  more  than  double.  From  every  one 
who  has  anj- share  in  the  work  of  circulation 
I  have  the  same  tale  of  eagerness  to  read  our 
books  ;  and  regrets  are  frequent  that  the  peo- 
ple did  not  long  ago  have  the  opportunity  of 
learning  'this  religion.'  Long  acquaintance 
with  the  people  has  led  me  to  believe  that 
mission  work  among  them  will  resemble  the 
work  in  Japan  rather  than  that  in  China. 
They  resemble  the  Japanese  in  possessing 
neither  the  intellectual  force  nor  the  conser- 
vative pride  of  the  Chinese.  When  Corea 
and  Japan  learn  of  Westerns,  they  simply 
change  their  teacher.  It  is  more  difficult  for 
the  hitherto  independent  and  teaching  China- 
man to  acknowledge  his  need  of  instruction 
at  the  hands  of  the  Western." — The  Inde- 
pendent. 

Alcohol  Diseases. 

[Having  submitted  the  following  to  a  phy- 
sician in  high  standing  in  our  city,  he  return- 
ed it  with  this  endorsement,  "  An  admirable 
paper.  Every  word  of  it  true.""  It  is  taken 
from  the  Ledger.— Ei>.] 

To  any  one  arrived  at  a  period  of  life  and 
experience  to  understand  that  health  is  su 
p'erior  to  all  other  earthly  blessings,  the  habits 
of  a  large  number  in  this  and  in  all  other  civil 
ized  communities  seem  almost  inexplicable 
The  disregard  of  elementaiy  hygienic  rules 
as  to  diet,  clothing,  exercise,  recreation,  &c 


diminished  in  intensity,  until  either  the  dose 
must  be  increased  or  the  nervous  system  shows 
that  it  feels  the  withdrawal  of  its  customary 
goad,  and  refuses  to  work  regularly  or  har- 
moniously. These  are  but  premonitory  stages 
of  the  well-known  symptoms  of  the  habitual 
drunkard,  in  whom  the  nerve-centres  have 
undergone  degeneration,  whose  occasional 
thirst  lias  become  dipsomania;  his  muscular 
twitchings,  epilepsy  or  paralysis ;  his  sleep- 
lessness or  irritability,  mania-a-potu  or  deli- 
rium tremens. 

Almost  at  the  same  time  with,  or  soon 
after  the  nervous  symptoms,  those  connected 
with  the  digestive  apparatus,  make  their  ap- 
pearance. The  mucous  membrane  of  the 
stomach,  kept  in  a  condition  of  continual 
irritation,  becomes  sub-acutely  but  chroni- 
cally inflamed.  The  appetite  may  at  first  be 
increased,  flesh  may  be  made  rapidly,  and  the 
general  health  and  strength  may  be  appar- 
ently stronger,  but  the  individual  is  living 
beyond  his  normal  powers.  Overworked  or- 
gans, whether  brain,  stomach,  heart  or  kid- 
neys, never  last  long.  Disease  is  sure  to  fol- 
low, sooner  or  later,  and  in  alcoholism  is 
never  long  delayed.  The  appetite  for  break- 
fast, if  not  for  other  meals,  is  soon  found  to  be 
lost;  the  furred  tongue  and  dry  mouth  indi- 
cating the  general  condition  of  the  digestive 
organs,  still  more  markedly  shown  by  the 
occasional  nausea,  the  bilious  attacks,  sick 
headaches,  &c,  which  are  often  experienced. 
Digestion  becomes  slow  and  imperfect,  con- 


may  be  explained  on  grounds  of  ignorance,  I  stipation  or  diarrhoea  results,  and  the  tempo- 
indolence,  poverty,  the  rush  and  hurry  of  the' rary  accretion  of  flesh  is  succeeded  cither  by 
struggle  for  existence,  or  in  many  easily  un-  emaciation  or  by  a  large  production  of  un- 
derstood ways.  But  the  deliberate  acquisition  healthy  flabby  fat,  the  least  highly  organized 
of  a  habit  which  has   been   for  all  time  the  of  all  the  tissues. 

straight  and  certain  road  to  mental  and  physi-j  Here  also  these  symptoms  are  aggravated 
eal  deterioration,  is  a  phenomenon  which,  if  as  time  goes  on  and  bad  habits  strengthen, 
not  without  parallel,  has  only  ceased  to  bel  The  irritation  of  the  stomach  beeomesgenuine 
remarkable  on  account  of  its  lamentable  fre  [gastritis  ;  the  nausea  develops  into  frequent, 
quency.  'and  sometimes  intractable  vomiting;  the  bil- 

It  is  not  easy  to  understand  how  any  per-  ious  attacks  produced  in  the  earlier  stages  by 
son  of  average' intelligence  can  at  the  present  the  frequent  stimulation  of  the  liver  by  the 
day  be  ignorant  of  the  evils  associated  with  alcohol,  which  passes  directly  into  its  blood- 
theimmoderateuseof  alcohol.  Circumstances,' vessels  from  the  blood-vessels  of  the  stomach, 
however,  seem  to 
tion.    The  existence 

who  would  indignantly  deny  the  accusation !ing  or  shrivelling  up  of  the  liver,  interfering 
of  intemperance,  but  who  day  after  day  be-  with  all  its  functions,  and  absolutely  incurable, 
tween  breakfast  and  bedtime  take  from  six  toj  The  early  effects  of  alcohol  upon  the  eireu- 
a  dozen  or  twenty  "  drinks"— "  cocktails, "j  lation  are  shown  in  the  dilatation  of  the  eapil- 
"  pick-me-ups,"  "appetizers,"  &c,  shows  that  laries  of  the  cheeks,  producing  a  roseate  hue 
the  information  we  seek  to  convey  is  still  not  unlike  that  of  robust  health.  Later,  how- 
necessary.  We  may  premise  by  saying  that!  ever,  this  dilatation  becomes  permanent,  and 
we  are  not  among  those  who  urge  total  ab-j  often  extends  to  other  vessels  of  the  face,  ac- 
stinence  as  a  moral  or  physical  necessity  for.companicd  by  exudation  into  the  tissues,  or 
every  one.     Alcohol  has  its  uses,  dietetic  and  abnormal  growths,  and  thus  producing  the 


.'  OI  aiCOUOI.     LUL'UIIISUUirt'S,     ic»ranuiii    nio  Uiwu-.  \.oo^ia  ui    „uv  ouuiuuuu, 

point  in  an  opposite  direc-  are  succeeded  by  dropsy  of  the  abdomen  or 
?e  of  a  large  number  of  men  obstinate  jaundice,  caused  by  the  final  sh rink- 


therapeutic,  and  they  should  not  be  ignored, 
but  at  present  it  is  with  its  abuses  that  we 
are  concerned,  some  of  the  results  of  which 
may  be  described.  Probably  the  earliest  con- 
sequences of  the  sort  of  drinking  we  have  al- 
luded to,  are  those  connected  with  the  nervous 
system.  The  habitual  drinker  finds  after  a 
time  that  he  has  periods  of  lassitude  and  de- 
pression, be  is  headachy  or  neuralgic,  unre- 
f'reshed  bjr  sleep,  irritable  without  cause, 
easily  startled,  subject  to  palpitations  or 
muscular  twitchings,  &e.  His  condition  at 
this  time  would  be  perfectly  clear  to  any 
physician  or  physiologist.  He  has  accustom- 
ed his  nerve-centres  to  a  certain  amount  of 
stimulus  for  which  they  have  gradually  ac- 
quired a  tolerance.  The  quality  of  stimulus 
remaining  the  same,  its  effects  have  gradually 


purple,  tuberous  nose  of  the  old  drunkard. 
These  changes  in  superficial  blood-vessels, 
though  prominent  and  noticeable,  are  far  less 
serious  than  those  going  on  internally,  such 
as  degeneration  and  great  weakening  of  the 
muscular  substance  of  the  heart  itself,  or  of 
the  coats  of  the  large  arteries,  producing 
aneurism,  or  of  the  small  vessels  and  capilla- 
ries, interfering  with  every  vital  function,  or 
producing  serious  disease  and  death,  as,  for 
instance,  by  inducing  a  well-known  and  rapid- 
ly fatal  form  of  consumption.  The  kidneys 
and  urinary  organs  are  by  no  means  exempt 
from  the  poisonous  action  of  alcohol.  In  the 
habitual  or  frequent  "  convivial  drinker"  they 
are  in  a  continual  state  of  irritation  ;  every 
one  is  familiar  with  the  alteration  in  their 
secretion  which  may  be  produced  by  a  single 


350 


THE    FRIEND. 


occasion  of  excess,  even  though  slight,  but 
every  one  does  not  know  that  gravel,  stone  in 
the  bladder,  stone  in  the  kidneys,  and  several 
incurable  forms  of  Bright's  disease,  may  be 
produced  simply  by  an  intensification  and 
continuance  oi  the  same  conditions.  This  list 
might  be  extended.  We  have  said  nothing 
that  is  new,  named  no  symptoms  which  hun- 
dreds of  our  readers  will  not  recognize  as  hav- 
ing occurred  among  their  acquaintance,  or 
possibly  nearer  home.  The  very  frequency 
of  these  troubles  constitutes  tbeir  gravity. 
The  prevalence  of  the  habit  of  intemperance, 
disguised  under  the  name  of  "social"  drink- 
ing, makes  it  of  such  importance  that  no  ef- 
fort is  wasted  which  aims  at  teaching  or  re- 
calling to  those  in  danger  a  few  of  the  many 
evils  which  surround  it. 


A  Clerical  Dialogue  Forty  Years  Ago.— Su- 
sanna Corder  was  travelling  in  a  stage  coach 
in  England  with  three  fellow  passengers,  one 
an  elderly  man  who  proved  to  be  a  minister 
of  the  Establishment,  and  the  others  two  col- 
legians from  Oxford.  The  latter  engaged 
earnestly  in  conversation  on  the  attempts 
which  they  alleged  were  being  made  to  in- 
troduce Popery  into  the  University.  After 
some  time,  the  clergyman  exclaimed,  "  Young 
men,  I  believe  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  the  Church  would  have  been 
in  papacy  long  since."  "How,  sir;  what  do 
you  mean  ?"  "  Why,  I  mean  that  the  fact  of 
a  Society  maintaining  the  principle  of  the 
uselessness  and  undesirability  of  all  form  in 
the  worship  of  the  Almighty,  has  prevented 
us  from  going  to  the  length  to  which  we 
might  otherwise  have  gone;  and  I  further 
believe  the  day  is  coming  when  our  altars, 
crosses,  robes,  and  surplices,  and  much  more 
of  our  paraphernalia,  will  go  to  Babylon, 
•whence  they  came."  The  collegians  were 
much  surprised,  and  one  of  them  said,  "Sir, 
if  your  bishop  knew  what  you  have  said  to 
us,  you  would  in  all  probability  lose  your 
gown."  "  Ah  !  young  men,"  replied  the  cler- 
gyman, "my  bishop  knows  much  more  than 
I  have  told  you.  He  knows  for  one  thing, 
that  it  is  long  since  I  have  dared  to  adminis- 
ter baptism,  as  required  by  our  Church." 
Then,  turning  to  S.  Corder,  he  said,  "  Madam, 
I  can  easily  see  the  way  from  us  to  you,  but 


I  cannot  see  the  way  from  you  to  us 


said  a  little  boy, 
His  tone  struck 


"I  Won't:1— "I  will  not 
stoutly,  as  I  passed  along, 
me. 

"What  wont  you  do?"  I  stopped  and  asked. 

"  That  boy  wants  me  to  '  make  believe' 
something  to  my  mother,  and  I  won't!"  he 
said,  in  the  same  stout  tone. 

The  little  boy  is  on  the  right  road.  That 
is  just  one  of  the  places  to  say  "won't."  I 
hope  he  will  stick  to  it. 

"  Won't"  is  not  a  pretty  word  for  children, 
but  it  is  the  right  one  when  asked  to  deceive. 
— Selected. 

Yet  to  Friends  who  profess  simplicity,  cer- 
tainly simplicity  in  dress  ought  to  belong;  it 
is  a  kind  of  fence,  and  where  a  manifest 
disregard  of  our  customs  in  this  respect  is 
evinced,  it  invites  to  associations  inconsistent 
with  our  education,  and  betrays  an  attach- 
ment to  an  object  unworthy  to  engross  a 
rational  mind. — Mary  Leadbeater. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 


ship,  tied  a  piece  of  ribbon  to  it  as  a  ma \- 
arid  then  set  it  free.  The  bird  recognized  | 
this  way  was  observed  to  follow  them  foil 
distance  of  5,000  miles. 

The  principal  food  of  the  smaller  spec:|i| 
appears  to  consist  of  minute  sea  animals  whi  [ 
are  more  accessible  to  them  when  the  surfal 
of  the  water  is  broken.  Hence  in  calms  thf 
are  apt  to  be  more  abundant  about  the  shin 
feeding  on  the  rubbish  which  is  thrown  ov<l 
board.  The  old  idea  of  tbeir  being  se  j 
about  vessels  only  during  stormy  weather' 
quite  exploded. 

When  skimming  the  surface  in  search  f| 
food,  the  Storm  Petrel  is  in  the  habit  of  kic 
ing  the  water  with  its  foot,  apparently  fy 
the  purpose  of  giving  the  body  a  sufticiejl 
upward  impulse  to  prevent  the  wings  frol 
becoming  wetted. 

One  night  a  small  petrel  flew  on  boar 
into  one  of  the  hoisted-up  boats,  where  it  w: 
found  by  one  of  the  seamen  in  the  usual 
parently  helpless  state.  It  is  odd  that  son 
species  of  the  family  of  Petrels  should  fir 
such  difficulty  about  rising  on  the  wing  fro 


Fresh  Water  in  the  Ocean.  —  One  of  the 
hottest  regions  in  the  earth  is  along  the  Per 
sian  Gulf,  where  little  or  no  rain  falls.  At 
Babrin,  the  arid  shore  has  no  fresh  water, 
yet  a  comparatively  numerous  population 
contrives  to  live  there,  thanks  to  the  copious 
springs  which  burst  forth  from  the  bottom 
of  the  sea.  The  fresh  water  is  got  by  diving. 
The  diver,  sitting  in  his  boat,  winds  a  great 
goat  skin  bag  around  his  arm,  the  hand  grasp- 
ing its  mouth  ;  then  he  takes  in  his  band  a 
heavy  stone,  to  which  is  attached  a  strong 
line,  and  thus  equipped,  he  plunges  in  and 
quickly  reaches  the  bottom.  Instantly  open- 
ing the  bag  over  the  strong  jet  of  fresh  water, 
he  springs  up  the  ascending  current,  at  the 
same  time  closing  the  bag,  and  is  helped  on 
board.  The  source  of  these  copious  sub- 
marine springs  is  thought  to  bo  in  hills  500 
or  600  miles  distant. — Scientific  American. 

Camels  in  America  and  Spain. — I  observe 
that  English  naturalists  are  just  now  greatly 
interested  in  the  apparently  trustworthy  re-  „_, 

port  that  wild  camels  are  to  be  found  roam-  a  ship's  deck.  A  freshly  caught  Cape  Pigeo 
ing  and  breeding  untamed  in  the  western  placed  on  its  legs  on  the  deck,  seems  to  forgt 
part  of  Spain.  It  is  said  that  a  vast  plain 'utterly  that  it  possesses  the  power  of  fligh 
exists  on  the  lower  Guadalquiver,  which  in  [and  does  not  even  attempt  to  use  its  wing 
winter  is  a  desolate  waste  of  shallow  water, '  but  waddles  about  like  an  old  farm-yard  duel 
for  the  most  part,  and  in  summer  becomes  a  The  nests  of  the  petrel  which  were 
desert  of  sun-cracked  mud,  interspersed  with  amined  on  one  of  the  barren  islands  of  th 
low  islets,  upon  which  a  coarse  herbage  and  South  Pacific,  consisted  of  a  few  wit  here 
thorny  shrubbery  grow.  Here,  it  seems,  a  twigs  and  feathers,  on  the  hard  rock  and  i 
band  of  ferous  camels  has  long  remained  un-  tained  one  white  egg.  The  birdsstuck  bravel 
discovered.  We  can  parallel  the  occurrence  to  their  nests,  and  defended  them  with  bill 
in  our  own  country,  however,  for  utterly  wild  and  claws  in  a  manner  to  astonish  an  ir 
camels  ma}'  be  seen  on  the  deserts  at  the  cautious  intruder. 

head  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  where  theyj  An  Automatic  Fire  Extinguisher. — The  ir 
find  a  congenial  home  and  multiply  steadily,  troduction  of  steam  pipes  into  enclosed  space 
They  are  the  remnants  of  a  herd  which  many  for  the  purpose  of  extinguishing  fires  has  bee 
years  ago  was  imported  by  the  Government  sucessfully  tried  in  Berlin.  The  owner  of 
to  act  as  beasts  of  burden  for  the  army  in  steel  pen  factory  in  that  city  in  consequenc 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona.  They  served  the  of  the  repeated  outbreaks  of  fire  in  the  dryinj 
purpose  well,  but  were  finally  dispensed  with,  room,  had  steam  pipes  placed  in  three  of  th 
it  is  said,  through  the  demands  of  the  drivers  rooms,  the  steam  being  shut  off  by  short 
of  pack  trains  of  mules  and  donkeys,  whose  soldered  pipes  of  an  easily  flowing 'alloy 
beasts  were  frightened  into  stampeding  by  lead  and  tin  arranged  to  work  automatically 
the  sight  and  smell  of  the  foreign  strangers.  One  day  a  hissing  noise  made  the  foremai 
The  camels  were  subsequently  used  by  miners  aware  that  one  oftbesc  appliances  had  beei 
in  carrying  ore,  &c,  in  California  and  Ari-'ealled  into  action.  It  was  found  on  investi 
zona;  but  a  few  years  ago  they  were  turned  gation  that  the  contents  of  the  drying  rooir 
loose  on  the  banks  of  the  Eio  Colorado,  where  had  become  ignited,  but  that  the  steam  thai 
they  are  fast  becoming  naturalized. — Ernest  set  free  had  extinguished  the  fire  before  i 
Ingersoll,  in  Chicago  Current.  I  could  spread. 

Naturalized  Plants.— It  has  been  often  noted  I  The  fibre  of  silk  is  the  longest  continuous 
that  plants  indigenous  to  one  country  will  fibre  known.  An  ordinary  cocoon  of  a  well! 
often  grow  marvellously  better  when  they  find;  fed  silkworm  will  often  reel  1000  yards,  and! 
themselves  in  a  foreign  one.  British  weeds, [reliable  accounts  are  given  by  Count  Dandolc 
in  great  numbers,  have  taken  possession  of  of  a  cocoon  yielding  1295  yards,  or  a  fibr? 


our  soil;  and,  now  and  then,  an  American 
pays  the  same  compliment  to  the  agricul- 
turists of  the  Old  World.  At  a  recent  meet- 
ing of  the  Edingburgh  Botanical  Society  it 
was  noted  that  our  Jersey  lupine  (JJupinus 
perennis)  had  taken  possession  of  a  piece  of 
ground  at  Orkney,  in  Scotland,  so  that  three 
acres  were  a  dense  mass  of  blue  flowers;  and 
scattered  plants  were  growing  at  long  dis- 
tances around. 

Petrels. — Dr.  Coppinger  in  his  "Cruise  of 
the  Alert"  makes  frequent  reference  to  these 
wanderers  of  the  sea,  which  often  follow 
vessels  a  great  distance.  Captain  King  in 
his  voj'age  of  the  Adventure  and  Beagle,  men- 
tions a  case  in  which  the  surgeon  of  a  ship 
coming  home  from  Australia,  having  caught 
a  Capo  Pigeon,  which  had  been  following  the 


nearly  three-quarters  of  a  mi 

Savanah  News. 


length.— 


—  Titles  of  Methodist  Bishops.— The  Christian  Ad- 
vocate of  the  MethrxWut  Church,  underthehead  "mis- 
takes most  frequently  made,"  says,  "  Our  bishops 
are  sometimes  spoken  of  as  '  Right  Reverend.'  Their 
only  title  is  bishop.  They  claim  and  have  no  pre- 
latical  power.  It  is  an  equal  mistake  to  speak  of 
their  dioceses.  They  have  none.  *  *  *  To  speak 
of  one  bishop  as  the  '  successor'  of  another,  is  also 
erroneous.  They  are  added  to  the  list ;  in  that  sense 
they  are  successors  just  as  the  present  members  of 
an  annual  conference  are  the  successors  of  those 
that  formerly  belonged  to  it. 

—  New  York  House  of  Refuge  and  the  Roman 
Catholics. — A  bill  was  introduced  into  the  New  York 
Legislature  making  it  the  duty  of  this  and  similar 


THE    FRIEND. 


351 


nstitutious  to  admit  the  visits  of  clergymen  of  the 
enomiuations  to  which  the  children  or  their  parents 
■eloug,  and  the  performance  of  religious  services 
wording  to  their  respective  modes.  The  bill  was 
irepared  by  the  Catholic  Union  of  New  York,  and 
/as  pressed  mainly  in  the  interests  of  that  Society, 
t,  as  well  as  previous  efforts  for  the  same  end,  was 
pposed  on  the  ground  that  to  introduce  sectarian 
eaching  of  any  kind  would  interfere  with  the  dis- 
pline  of  the  institution — that  the  inmates  already 
njoy  entire  freedom  of  conscience — and  that  clergy- 
aen" of  all  the  religious  denominations  are  admitted 
o  hold  non-sectarian  services,  and  to  visit  those  who 
,re  sick  and  desire  to  see  them. 

Methodist  General  Conferences. — Two  bodies  of 
olored  Methodists  have  been  holding  their  General 
onferences.  That  for  the  African  Methodist  Epis- 
opal,  convened  in  Baltimore  on  5th  mo.  5th.  This 
ody  lias  about  4000  congregations  and  40o,lioo 
ieii)bers.  The  Conference  of  the  African  Meth- 
dist  Episcopal  Zion  church,  met  in  New  York  on 
th  mo.  7th.  Its  membership  is  over  300,000.  The 
J-eneral  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
jlhurch,  which  meets  once  in  four  years,  has  been 
olding  its  sessions  in  Philadelphia.  This  branch 
f  the  Christian  Church  claims  a  membership  of 
bout  1,780,000. 

—  To  Characterize  a  Lottery  as  Robbery  not  Libelous. 
-On  7th  mo.  26th,  1883,  the  Philadelphia  Times 
mblished  an  editorial  on  the  Louisiana  Lottery 
Company's  attempt  to  have  Postmaster  General 
J-reshain  restrained  from  enforcing  the  act  of  1876 
orbidding  the  use  of  the  mails  to  the  lottery  com- 1 
■any.  In  this  editorial  the  business  of  the  com- 1 
iany  was  characterized  as  robbery.  Maximilian  A. ' 
)auphin,  a  manager  of  the  Louisiana  Lottery  I  !om- 
>any,  and  described  in  the  summons  as  "a  citizen 
f  France,  residing  in  Louisiana,"  brought  suit 
gainst  the  Times  Publishing  Company  to  recover 
100,00(1  damages  for  alleged  libel.  The  matter  was 
rought  before  Judges  M'Kennan  and  Butler,  in  the 
Jnited  States  Circuit  Court,  at  Philadelphia.  Judge 
1'Kennan  said,  regarding  the  Louisiana  Lottery: 

"  This  business  here  is  not  entitled  to  any  protee- 
ion  whatever.  It  is  not  only  unlawful,  but  it  is 
rorse.  It  is  infamous  crime.  Is  it  possible  that  a 
iusiness  stigmatized  by  the  law  of  Pennsylvania 
annot  be  so  characterized  here  by  the  editor  of  a 
lewspaper  or  any  other  citizen  notwithstanding  the 
let  that  the  business  may  be  lawful  in  Louisiana? 
s  it  possible  that  the  citizens  of  Pennsylvania  may 
ot  express  their  approval  of  the  laws  of  Pennsyl- 
ania?  It  seems  extraordinary,  after  Congress  has 
aid  that  a  man  who  conducts  such  a  business  as 
he  one  now  in  question  ought  to  go  to  the  peni- 
entiary,  that  a  citizen  dare  not  express  his  opinion 
r  approval  of  a  law  on  the  books.  We  will  say  that 
,  man  is  not  amenable  to  the  laws  of  Pennsylvania 
ar  characterizing  this  business  as  a  robbery." 

The  Court  sustained  the  demurrer  and  entered 
idgment  for  the  defendant. 

—  Christianity  in  Japan. — The  movement  toward 
Christianity  there  now  is  rapid  almost  beyond  pre- 
edent,  and  it  is  not,  as  in  South  India,  confined 
hiefly  to  a  lower  class  of  the  population.  The  most 
ntelligent  and  influential  people  are  among  the  con- 
'erts.  Doubtless  this  conies,  in  large  part,  through 
he  influence  of  those  who  have  been  in  other  coun- 
ries,  and  have  seen  what  Christianity  has  done  for 
hem.  One  of  the  latest  indications  is  in  the  fact 
hat  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  prominent  men  in 
apau,  Iti  Hirubusi,  has  just  returned  from  a  visit 
o  Germany  ;  and  it  is  reported  that  lie  has  addressed 
he  Mikado,  urging  the  truth  and  importance  of 
Christianity.  He  states  that  he  formerly  supposed 
hat  the  Emperor  William  and  Bismarck  proposed 
a  be  Christians  as  a  matter  of  policy,  while  they 
lad  no  regard  for  it  at  all  in  their  hearts.  But  now 
ie  says  that  this  was  a  mistaken  idea.  He  found 
hat  both  men  were  sincere  Christians,  and  both 
irged  him  to  seek  their  religion  for  his  own  welfare 
nd  happiness  as  well  as  that  of  his  country.  Such 
las  been  the  influence  of  Iti's  report  that  the  chief 
fficers  in  the  cabinet  are  becoming  interested  in 
he  study  of  Christianity,  and  the  former  court 
eacher  of  Confucianism  is  no  longer  opposing  the 
xospel,  but  also  carefully  reading  the  Scriptures. 
n  a  course  of  study  recently  prescribed  for  all  the 


Shinto   priests,  the   "Bible,"  and    "Martin's  Ev 
dences  of  Christianity"  are  included. 


THE    FRIEND. 


SIXTH  MONTH  7,  1884. 


Some  months  ago  the  writer  was  a  guest 
at  the  house  of  a  person  who  was  not  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends.  When  we  were 
seated  at  the  breakfast  tabic,  our  host  mut- 
tered a  few  words  in  so  low  a  tone  as  to  be 
almost  inaudible,  but  which  were  in  the  form 
of  a  prayer  of  thanksgiving  to  God  for  the 
bounties  of  which  we  were  about  to  partake. 
No  time  had  been  allowed  for  the  mind  to 
become  settled,  or  seasoned  with  a  feeling  of 
worship;  and  immediately  on  the  conclusion 
of  the  words  uttered,  the  ordinary  topics  of 
conversation  were  resumed.  To  me  it  seem- 
ed a  very  lifeless  and  unsatisfactory  perform- 
ance; and  I  mentally  contrasted  it  with  some 
of  the  silent  pauses  before  commencing  meals 
which  I  had  witnessed  at  the  tables  of  Friends, 
where  there  was  an  opportunity  afforded  for 
lifting  up  the  heart  to  the  Author  of  all  our 
blessings  in  silent  reverence,  and  seeking  for 
ability  to  render  a  tribute  of  gratitude  to  Him. 
If  any  vocal  expression  were  called  for  under 
such  circumstances,  it  would  be  attended  with 
a  savor  of  life  that  would  find  a  response  in 
the  hearts  of  the  listeners. 

Our  host  was  a  man  of  religious  feelings, 
and  one  that  desired  to  do  what  was  right  ; 
but  he  had  fallen  into  this  way  of  sayinggrace, 
and  was  probably  scarcely  conscious  of  how 
dry  and  formal  it  really  was.  But  any  at- 
tempt to  utter  prayers  at  stated  times  is  al- 
most sure  to  be  of  a  similar  character.  True 
prayer  requires  a  Divine  quickening  of  the 
soul,  a  fresh  spiritual  impulse  which  can  come 
only  from  the  Source  of  all  good,  and  which 
is  dispensed  when  it  pleases  Him.  We  can- 
not control  the  outpouring  of  his  Spirit.  To 
utter  words  in  the  form  of  prayer,  which  have 
no  deeper  source  than  our  own  rational  pow- 
ers, is  not  an  acceptable  offering  to  Him  who 
looketh  upon  the  heart.  It  is  a  far  more  pro- 
fitable exercise  reverently  to  wait  in  silence 
on  the  Lord,  endeavoring  to  feel  the  stirrings 
of  his  grace,  without  which  no  living  prayer 
can  be  offered.  How  unsafe  and  improper, 
therefore,  are  the  advices  which  have  been 
given  by  some  under  our  name  of  latter  time, 
urging  upon  parents  the  practice  of  daily  vo- 
cal prayer  in  their  families!  Such  offerings 
must  almost  necessarily  often  be  unsavory. 

Rutty  in  his  "History  of  Friends  in  Eng- 
land," records  of  William  Edmundson,  that  he 
"had  an  excellent  gift  in  prayer  and  suppli- 
cation, so  that  his  appearance  when  under 
the  performance  of  that  part  of  Divine  wor- 
ship, was  with  that  dread  and  avvfulness  upon 
his  spirit,  that  it  made  a  great  impression  on 
the  spirits  of  Friends,  causing  tenderness 
man)'  times  to  come  over  the  meeting."  This 
experienced  Christian  was  brought  "under  a 
deep  sense  and  concern"  in  reference  to  prayer, 
and  wrote  a  short  paper  on  the  subject,  in 
which  he  says  :  "Prayers,  supplications  and 
addresses  to  God,  being  a  special  part  of  his 
worship,  must  be  performed  in  Spirit  and  in 
Truth." 

The  writings  of  Friends  abound  with  simi- 
lar testimonies;  but  it  may  be  sufficient  to 
adduce  what  William  Penn  says  of  the  early 
ministers  of  our  Society,  that  they  "could  not 


run  when  they  list,  or  pray  or  preach  when 
they  pleased,  but  as  Christ  their  Redeemer 
prepared  and  moved  them  by  his  own  blessed 
Spirit,  for  which  the)-  waited  in  their  services 
and  meetings,  and  spoke  as  that  gave  them 
utterance."  Of  George  Fox,  the  most  emi- 
nent of  these,  he  declared,  "  The  most  awful, 
living,  reverent  frame  I  ever  felt  or  beheld, 
was  his  in  prayer.  And  truly  it  was  a  testi- 
mony he  knew  and  lived  nearer  to  the  Lord 
than  other  men  ;  for  they  that  know  Him 
most,  will  see  most  reason  to  approach  Him 
with  reverence  and  fear." 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— On  the  27th  ultimo,  Representa- 
tive Ellis,  of  Louisiana,  called  up  the  joint  resolution 
making  a  further  appropriation  of  §100,000  for  the  re- 
lief of  the  sufferers  by  the  Mississippi  floods.  He  9aid 
that  in  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  there  were  be- 
tween 25,000  and  40,000  persons  in  actual  starvation, 
and  the  prospect  was  that  the  waters  would  remain  at 
their  present  height  at  least  four  weeks  longer.  The 
resolution  was  passed — yeas  120,  nays  78.  On  the  2nd 
instant  the  House  passed  the  Legislative  Appropriation 
bill.  It  appropriates  $20,736,870,  an  increase  of  $88,- 
190  on  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year,  and 
1938,026  less  than  the  estimates. 

On  the  29th  ultimo  the  Senate,  by  a  vote  of  32  to  15, 
appropriated  the  unexpended  balance  of  the  amount 
given  for  the  Ohio  flood  sufferers,  which  is  about 
$40,000,  for  the  relief  of  the  Mississippi  sufferers,  in- 
stead of  the  amount  appropriated  by  the  House  bill. 
The  Senate,  on  the  2nd  instant,  passed  a  bill  providing 
for  the  collection  of  statistics  of  marriage  and  divorce. 
It  directs  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment to  collect  the  statistics.  The  Senate  also  con- 
sidered the  House  bill  fixing  the  rate  of  postage  on  mail 
matter  of  the  second  class  when  sent  by  persons  other 
than  the  publisher  or  news  agent.  This  bill  as  it  came 
from  the  House,  fixed  one  cent  as  the  rate  of  postage  on 
newspapers  weighing  three  ounces  or  less.  The  Senate 
Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post  roads  had  found 
that  some  of  the  large  newspapers  weighed  a  little  over 
three  ounces,  and  had,  therefore,  extended  the  news- 
paper limit  of  weight  for  one-cent  postage  to  four  ounces. 
The  hill  passed  with  this  amendment. 

The  public  debt  statement  shows  a  decrease  of  $4,- 
703,241  during  the  5th  month. 

The  world's  production  of  gold  annually,  the  basis  of 
the  last  seven  years,  according  to  Chambers'  Journal, 
amounts  now  to  twenty-one  and  a  half  millions  sterling. 
Almost  one-third  the  total  is  produced  by  the  United 
States.  The  statisticians  of  the  United  States  Mint  es- 
timate that  the  total  production  of  gold  in  the  world 
during  the  four  hundred  years  ending  in  1882,  was  ten 
thousand  three  hundred  and  ninety-four  tons,  equal  in 
value  to  £1,442,359,572.  During  the  same  period  the 
production  of  silver  was  one  hundred  and  ninety-one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  thirty-one  tons,  of  the 
value  of  £1,716,463,795. 

On  the  30th  ultimo,  an  auction  sale  of  recently  im- 
ported Jersey  cattle,  including  13  cows  and  4  calve-*,  in 
Baltimore,  brought  $5543.  The  highest  price  was  $510 
for  a  cow.  None  of  the  cows  were  more  than  2  years 
old. 

It  is  said  that  in  the  Mesilla  Valley  in  New  Mexico, 
apple  trees  bear  the  second  year  after  planting,  peaches 
the  second  year  from  the  seed,  and  grapes  the  third 
year. 

The  National  Press  and  Bol tiers'  Advocate  has  received 
advices  from  more  than  1000  correspondents  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  in  regard  to  the  fruit  crops.  They 
indicate  the  largest  crop  of  apples  ever  known  in  this 
country,  but  only  about  half  a  crop  of  peaches  and 
pears.  There  is  a  good  prospect  for  a  very  large  crop 
of  the  small  fruits. 

On  Fourth-day  night  the  25th  tilt.,  a  heavy  frost  oc- 
curred in  Western  Pennsylvania  and  Eastern  Ohio, 
doing  great  damage  to  fruits  and  vegetables.  Corn, 
wheat,  potatoes  and  tomatoes  in  many  localities  were 
badly  frozen.  Ice  formed  a  quarter  of  an  inch  thick. 
In  Ulster  county,  New  York,  the  grapes  were  ruined, 
but  the  peaches  escaped  injury.  In  Albany  county,  in 
the  same  State,  ice  was  formed  half  an  inch  thick  on 
Fifth-day  night,  and  nearly  all  the  fruits  and  vegetables 
were  destroyed.  Some  farmers  protected  their  straw- 
berry beds  by  keeping  fires  burning  near  them  all  night. 
In  Dutchess  county,  New  Yrork,  the  temperature  fell  to 
25  degrees,  7  degrees  below  the  freezing  point.  Snow 
fell  in  Pauling  on  Sixth-day.    The  reports  from  Orange, 


352 


THE    FRIEND. 


Sullivan,  Delaware,  and  all  the  midland  counties  of 
New  York,  indicate  that  nearly  all  the  pear  and  apple 
crops  were  destroyed.  The  loss  to  farmers  in  Ulster 
county  is  estimated  at  $500,000,  and  in  Dutchess  county 
at  nearly  $1,000,000.  The  ground  at  Hanover,  New 
Hampshire,  was  frozen  to  the  depth  of  an  inch  on  Sixth- 
day  night.  The  leaves  on  the  trees  in  that  neighbor- 
hood "are  changing  color  and  falling  to  the  ground." 
At  Contoocook,  New  Hampshire,  the  thermometer  on 
Seventh-day  registered  28  degrees. 

On  the  28th  of  4th  month,  the  sealing  brig  Confed- 
erate, of  Harbor  Grace,  with  19  men  on  board,  was 
caught  in  the  ice  in  Notre  Dame  Bay,  Newfoundland, 
and  thrown  completely  on  the  floe,  where  at  last  ac- 
counts she  was  lying  on  her  side  with  her  yardarms  on 
the  ice.  On  the  20th  five  of  her  crew  volunteered  to 
go  to  the  land,  twenty  miles  distant,  and  report  the 
situation.  After  great  risk  they  reached  Twtllingate 
and  boarded  the  steamer  Hercules,  which  arrived  at  St. 
Johns  5th  month  30th.  They  report  all  the  provisions 
on  the  vessel  consumed,  except  the  bread,  and  all  the 
fuel  exhausted.  "There  is  a  frozen  ocean  of  ice  all 
around,  and  as  the  ship  thus  beset  is  now  drifting  out 
to  sea,  there  is  danger  of  the  whole  crew  being  starved 
to  death."  A  powerful  sealing  steamship  will  be  at 
once  sent  from  St.  John  to  the  rescue.  The  captain  of 
the  steamer  Hercules  reports  ice  to  the  eastward  of 
Notre  Dame  Bay  "as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  and  in- 
numerable icebergs." 

On  the  28Ji  ultimo,  the  Directors  of  the  Penn  Bank 
of  Pittsburg  made  an  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  the 
bank's  creditors  to  Henry  Warner.  Before  doing  so, 
the  books  were  examined  far  enough  to  show  that  the 
bank  has  been  completely  wrecked  by  speculation,  and 
that  firms  which  have  no  existence  in  fact  have  over- 
drawn their  accounts  to  the  extent  of  at  least  $1,200,- 
000.  It  was  also  developed  that  this  plan  of  doing  busi- 
ness has  been  carried  on  for  three  years,  and  that  for 
months  past  the  bank  has  been  doing  business  on  little 
more  than'  expectation.  Riddle,  the  President,  and 
Reiber,  the  Cashier  of  the  bank,  were  arrested  in  Pitts- 
burg on  Seventh-day  evening,  on  the  charge  of  con- 
spiracy. Riddle,  who  is  too  sick  to  be  removed  from 
his  bed,  is  guarded  at  the  hospital  by  a  policeman, 
while  Reiber  is  in  jail.  Suit  has  also  been  brought 
against  their  bondsmen. 

John  C.  Eno,  the  missing  ex-President  of  the  Second 
National  Bank  of  New  York,  was  arrested  on  Seventh- 
day  on  board  the  steamer  Vancouver,  just  about  to  sail 
for  Europe  from  Quebec.  He  had  taken  passage  on  the 
vessel  under  an  assumed  name.  Should  he  refuse  to 
return  to  New  York  voluntarily,  the  usual  steps  will 
be  taken  for  his  extradition. 

The  individual  schedules  in  the  assignments  of  Fred- 
erick D.  Grant  and  Jesse  R.  Grant  have  been  filed  in 
New  York.  The  schedule  of  Frederick  D.Grant  shows 
liabilities  amounting  to  $2,215,006,  and  assets  nomin- 
ally $1,990,013,  but  of  which  the  actual  value  is  un- 
known. The  schedule  of  Jesse  R.  Grant  shows  liabili- 
ties of  $95,429,  and  assets  of  the  nominal  value  of 
§131,950. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  366, 
which  was  10  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
23  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number,  168  were  males  and  198  females: 
46  died  of  consumption;  22  of  scarlet  fever;  20  of 
pneumonia;  19  of  apoplexy  ;  20  of  convulsions  ;  14  of 
typhoid  fever,  and  22  ol  old  age. 

Markets,  etc. —  U.  S.  44,'s,  registered,  111  J;  coupon, 
113;  4's,  121  ;  3's,  101$;  currency  6's,  125  a  135. 

Cotton. — Prices  letnain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  12  a  12}  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  8  cts.  for  export,  and  9 
cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  steady.  The 
following  are  the  current  quotations:  Western  and 
Pennsylvania  super  at  $2.50  a  a  3 ;  do.  do.  extras,  $3  a 
$3.50;  Pennsylvania  extra  family  at  44.50  a  $4.75; 
Delaware  do.  do.  at  S5.25  a  $5.  75  ;  Ohio  do.  do.,  $5.10 
a  $6;  Indiana  do.  do.  at  $5.10  a  $6;  St.  Louis  and 
Southern  Illinois  do.  do.  at  $5.25  a  $6;  Minnesota 
bakers'  clear  at  $4-75  a  $5.50  ;  do.  do.  straight  at  $5.65 
a  $5.75  ;  patents,  winter  wheat,  at  $6  a  $6.50 ;  do.  spring 
at  *6.374.  a  $6.50,  and  500  barrels  city  mills  family  on 
private  terms.  Feed— Bran  sells  at  $15  a  $16.50  a 
ton.  Rye  flour  was  dull.  Sales  at  $3,024  a  $3.75  per 
barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  firmly  held  :  6000  bushels  red 
sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  »1.14  a  $1.15;  a  choice 
lot  at  $1.16;  No.  2  at  $1.03  a  SH.13  per  bushel,  the 
latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  .at  93  cts.  per 
bushel,  and  No.  2  red  at  $1.02}  a  $1.03}  5th  mo.,  $1.03 
a  $1.03}  6th  mo.,  $1.03}  a  $1.04  7th  mo.,  and  $1.03J  a 


$1,035  8th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were  firm  :  S000  bushels 
sold  in  lots  at  62  a  64  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
prime  yellow;  61  a  62  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer; 
and  sail  mixed  at  61}  a  62}  cts.  5th  mo.,  61}  a  62}  cts. 
6th  mo.,  62  a  624  cts.  7th  mo.,  and  63  a  64  cts.  8th  mo. 
Oats.— Car  lots  were  firm:  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at 
37  a  411  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No. 
2  white  at  404  a  41  cts.  5th  mo.,  394  a  40  cts.  6th  mo., 
403  a  40 jj  cts.  7th  mo.,  and  38  a  40  cts.  8th  mo.  Rye 
sells  in  lots  at  72  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  5th 
mo.  31st,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  368;  loads  of  straw,  32. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  95  cts.  a 
$1.05  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  80  a  95  cts.  straw  ;  95  cts.  a 
-.05. 

Beef  cattle  were  a  fraction  higher:  2600  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  5f  a  74.  cts.  per  pound,  the  latter  rate  for 
extra. 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand  :  10,000  head  arrived  and 

Id  at  2.1  a  6}  cts.,  and  lambs  at  54  a  94.  cts.,  per  lb., 

to  condition. 

Hogs  were  dull:  5000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  7  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign.— On  the  night  of  5th  mo.  30th,  a  sharp  re 
port  was  heard  at  9.20  o'clock  outside  the  Junior  Carl 
ton  Club  House  in  Pall  Mall,  London,  resulting  from  a 
bomb  thrown  into  the  basement  of  a  club  house  at 
the  back  of  St.  James  Square.  A  cabman  states  that  he 
a  man  light  what  was  apparently  a  fuse  and  then 
away.  Immediately  afterwards  there  was  a  report, 
followed  by  a  volume  of  smoke.  After  an  interval  of 
a  few  seconds,  the  cabman  says,  another  report  occurred 
'  etween  the  Army  Intelligent  Department,  which  ad 
joins  the  Junior  Carlton  Club  House,  and  the  Army 

d  Navy  Club  House  facing  it  on  the  opposite  side  o" 
St.  James  Square.  The  basement  of  the  Carlton  Club 
House  was  shattered,  and  four  female  servants  who  i 
at  work  there  were  severely  injured.  The  Club  House 
crowded  with  members  at  the  time  of  the  explosion. 
Several  lights  were  extinguished.  The  lights  througl 
out  the  entire  building  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Club 
were  extinguished  and  the  windows  blown  in.  An  ex- 
plosion of  dynamite  occurred  outside  of  the  Detective 
Office,  in  the  Scotland  Yard,  London,  at  9.35  o  clock 
the  same  evening.  The  corner  of  the  building,  which 
was  composed  of  thick  brickwork,  was  blown  off  to  a 
height  of  thirty  feet,  taking  with  it  a  portion  of  the  side 
s,  and  revealing  an  aperture  fifteen  feet  wide 
Many  cartloads  of  debris  lying  around  attest  to  the 
strength  of  the  explosive.  A  brougham,  standing  op 
posite  the  point  of  the  explosion,  was  wrecked  and  tin 
coachman  injured.  So  far  as  is  known  13  persons  were 
i  or  less  injured  by  the  explosion.  Among  these 
ive  women.  All  the  wounded  are  in  the  hospital 
Five,  including  a  policeman,  are  in  a  precarious  coudi 
tion. 

Sixteen  packets  of  dynamite,  with  fuse  attached,  were 
found  at  10.30  under  the  Nelson  Monument,  in  Trafal- 
gar Square.  The  dynamite  failed  to  explode  owing  to 
a  defective  fuse.  Had  the  sixteen  packages  exploded, 
the  monument  must  have  been  completely  demolished, 
and  widespread  ruin  and  loss  of  life  would  have  been 
caused. 

Sir  Henry  Bartle  Edward  Frere,  Bart,,  died  in  Lon- 
don, 5th  mo.  29th. 

The  Pull  Mull  Gazette  declares  that  Earl  Granville's 
equest  to  Turkey  to  send  15,000  troops  to  the  Soudan 
is  more  serious  for  the  Cabinet  than  the  scheme  of  mul- 

Ae  control.     The  Ministers  knew  what  Earl  Gran- 

lle  was  doing  when  he  proposed  to  surrender  to 
France,  but  they  were  aghast  when  they  heard  of  the 
proposal  to  Turkey  to  send  troops.  Turkey  signified 
acceptance  of  this  proposition.  It  is  not  clear  how 
Cabinet  can  repudiate  Turkey's  acceptance  without 
insisting  upon  Earl  Granville's  resignaiion.  The  same 
paper  says  :  "  The  Egyptian  Conference  will  meet  June 
23d.  Before  that  time  the  question  of  multiple  control 
and  the  limit  of  English  occupation  concluded  between 
M.  Waddington  and  Earl  Granville  will  have  been 
greed  to  by  the  other  Powers." 

The  Governor  of  Dongola  telegraphs  to  Cairo,  that 
he  has  visited  the  disturbed  districts  and  has  persuaded 
people  to  remain  quiet.  The  tribes  have  even  con- 
sented to  pay  their  taxes.  The  Governor  engages  to 
pacify  the  entire  Soudan  if  several  thousand  troops  are 
him.  The  London  Tctvtjra\ili  has  received  a  special 
despatch  from  the  Soudan,  which  states  that  the  siege 
of  Berber  has  been  raised,  and  that  General  Gordon  is 
successfully  holding  his  own  at  Khartoum. 

Nubar  Pacha,  the  Egyptian   Prime  Minister,  is  pre- 

ring  a  statement  to  the  Powers,  showing  that  Egvpi 

unable  to  support  the  present  rates  of  taxation.  The 
land  tax  is  often  greater  than  the  gross  value  of  the 
rops.     In   a   recent  interview,  Arabi   Pasha  declared 


that  the  events  in  the  Soudan  were  the  outcome  of  i 
unwise, policy  pursued  by  the  English.  Clemency  a' 
an  impartial  inquiry  into  the  people's  grievances  cot 
alone  restore  order  ;  otherwise  there  would  be  fright 
bloodshed  before  the  end  was  reached.  It  was  cert; i 
that  the  Mahdi  would  never  make  overtures  for  pea, 
and  that  he  would  fight  until  captured  or  killed.  An 
declined  to  say  whether  he  believed  the  Mahdi  to  bi 
true  prophet.  He  said  that  he  felt  the  highest  regai 
for  the  British,  and  hoped  to  see  the  day  when  t 
Egyptians  in  Egypt  would  be  on  the  same  footing 
the  English  in  England. 

Tawhiao,  King  of  the  Maoris,  has  arrived  in  En 
land  for  the  purpose  of  pleading  redress  for  vario 
grievances  in  regard   to  land  seizures  in  New  Zealan 

South  African  advices  state  that  the  Boers  have  crow 
ed  Cetewayo's  son  Dinizulu  King  of  Zululand.  Tl 
chiefs  Cham  and  Usibepu  have  paid  him  homage. 

A  technical  Commission  on  the  Suez  Canal  to  discu 
the  question  whether  a  second  canal  shall  be  built  p.-. 
allel  with  the  present  one  or  the  present  canal  enlarge 
will  soon  be  appointed.  The  Commission  will  consi 
of  eight  English,  eight  French,  and  six  other  engineer 

The  vineyards  in  the  district  of  Carthagena,  Spai 
have  been  ravaged  by  hurricanes,  and  many  famili 
ruined.  In  the  district  of  Orihuela  houses  are  inunda 
ed.  The  village  of  Molins  is  submerged,  and  the  pe 
pie  have  been  compelled  to  take  refuge  on  the  roofs 
the  houses  and  in  boats.  The  frigate  Saragossa  h 
gone  to  the  relief  of  Larca  and  Burgos,  which  are  ah 
flooded.  The  damage  caused  by  the  floods  in  soutl 
eastern  Spain  is  very  great,  Four  hundred  and  nir 
dwellings  have  been  destroyed  and  five  hundred  an 
fourteen  injured  in  the  province  of  Murcia  alone. 

The  popular  opposition  in  Germany  to  the  bill  ii 
creasing  the  taxes  on  Bourse  and  other  financial  open 
lions,  is  spreading  to  great  proportions.  Protests  froi 
all  parts  of  Germany  have  been  received  by  the  Bund 
rath  and  Reichstag.  A  conference  of  delegates  repr 
settling  all  the  Chambers  of  Commerce  in  Germany  nn 
to-day,  and  passed  resolutions  formally  objecting  to  th 
proposed  new  measures  of  taxation  upon  commerci; 
and  financial  transactions. 

The  Frankfort  papers  oppose  the  bill  for  the  taxatio 
of  Bourse  operations  as  more  Draconian  than  the  Wede 
proposal,  which  the  Reichstag  rejected.  Several  Franl 
fort,  business  houses  threaten  lo  close  their  business  the] 
and  transfer  it  to  London  or  Paris. 

Gibraltar,  5th  mo.  29th.— Dr.  Nachtigal,  the  explore 
and  several  German  officers  are  embarking  to-day  upo 
the  gunboat  Moewe.     The  vessel  will  proceed  to  Aug 
Pequera,  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  and  will  take  foi 
mal  possession  of  the  bay  and  harbor  of  that  name 
of  the  surrounding  territories  in  the  name  of  Germanj 
From  there  the  expedition  will  go  to  the  Upper  or  Mic 
die  Congo,  for  the  purpose  of  finding  a  suitable  trad 
route  from  the  interior  to  Angra  Pequena.    Lieut.  Siej 
mund  Israel,  who  was  formerly  attached  to  the  Brit 
army  in  the  Ashantee  war,  is  in  command.    Dr.  Hoepl 
ner,  the  scientist,  will  accompany  the  expedition. 

Crops  in  the  vicinity  of  Odessa,  Russia,  are  sufterin 
seriously  from  continued  drought. 

A  violent  earthquake  occurred  5th   month   19th 
the  Island  of  Ki>hm,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Pen 
Gulf.     Twelve    villages    were   destroyed,  200   person) 
killed,  and  many  others  injured. 

Severe  frosts  prevailed  throughout  Canada  on  Fifth 
day   night,  the  26th   tilt.,  doing  much  damage   to  th< 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowi- 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broac 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers  tt 

the  school. 


Died,  at  her  residence,  on  the  13th  of  3rd  month 
Sally  Raley,  widow  of  the  late  Joseph  Raley,  in  th« 
77th  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Short  Creek  Monthlj 
nd  Concord  Particular  Meeting,  Ohio. 

,  at  his  re-idence  near  West  Grove,  Pa.,  3rd 

21st,  1884,  Joshua  Moore,  in  the  50th  year  of  his 
member  of  New  Garden  Monthly  Meeting.  Thit 
Friend  was  of  a  meek  and  quiet  spirit,  unassumir 
his  deportment,  and  was  concerned  for  the  main 
of  the  principles  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  very  ex> 
lary  in  the  attendance  of  meetings.  He  bore  along 
and  suffering  illness  with  Christian  fortitude  and  resig. 
nation,  and  passed  away  as  one  going  to  sleep.  "Mart 
the  perfect  man  and  behold  the  upright ;  for  the  end  oij 
that  man  is  peace." 

WILLIAM  H.  PI LE\  PRINTER", 
No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SIXTH  MONTH  14,  1S84. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per  annum. 

bscriplions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

IT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered 


Philadelphia  P.    O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  346.) 

1810,  4th  month  12th.  A  day  of  painful 
sercise.    0  human  wisdom!  when  wilt  thou 

ase  thy  usurpations  in  the  Church  ! 

19th.  My  birth-day.  Forty-six  years  have 
ipidly  rolled  away.  Time!  how  fleeting  art 
iou!  Worldly  enjoyments,  how  inconstant ! 
ow  precarious!  flow  needful  to  be  watchful 

d  diligent  to  prepare  to  meet  the  final 
hange!  yet  by  thoughtless  mortals,  how  little 
jgavded  !  O  Infinite  Goodness!  compassion- 
te  kindness!  touch  us  in  a  tender  place;  and 
sere  by  more  fully  awaken  and  give  us  a  right 
jnse  of  our  condition,  that  we  settle  not  down 
lto  a  senseless  stupor,  and  the  solemn  close 
vertake  us  as  a  thief  in  the  night,  and  sur- 
rise  and  arrest  us  in  an  unprepared  state. 

25th  and  2lHh,  at  our  Quarterly  Meeting  at 
eabrook.  A  trying  season.  Spurious  minis- 
:y  will  show  itself;  unhappily  it  has  its  ad- 
ocates. 

5th  month  14tb.  Made  a  visit  to  an  ancient 
riend,  by  whom  I  have  sojourned  many 
lears;  a  good  neighbor,  and  worthy  elder  in 
ur  Society.  She  lays  very  ill,  but  seems  re- 
igned to  life  or  death.  Is  in  a  sweet,  com- 
artable  state  of  mind.  She  spoke  freely  of 
be  pain  she  had  to  pass  through,  but  her 
lind  was  calm.  My  mind  was  strengthened 
y  sitting  by  her,  and  I  remarked,  Peace  of 
lind  overbalanced  all  pain  and  distress  of 
ody.  "  O,  yes  !"  said  she,  "  that  is  all."  Upon 
ly  saying,  If  at  such  a  time  as  this,  we  could 
ttain  to  that  state  of  mind  wherein  we  could 
^knowledge,  from  experience,  that  the  Lord 
i  good,  it  would  be  sufficient  to  crown  the 
}ils  of  life.  She  replied,  "  O,  yes  !  and  I  can 
ay,  all  praise  and  honor  must  be  ascribed 
nto  Him,  for  He  is  worthy."  "O!  how  have 

put  up  my  prayers  for  my  children, — for 
ociety,  and  particularly  for  the  young  peo- 
le — that  they  may  see  where  they  are,  and 
eturn  to  their  Lord  and  Master  before  it  be 
oo  late."  It  was  a  refreshing  season  to  my 
8ul. 

6th  month.  With  my  wife  went  again  to 
ur  Yearly  Meeting.  Many  strangers  were 
here  from  different  and  distant  parts.  All 
7&s  conducted  in  harmony,  and  many  minds 
rere  renewedly  cemented  together  in  gospel 
)ve. 

17th.  Divers  Friends  attended  our  First- 
ay  meeting  to-day,  on  their  way  from  Yearly 


Meeting;  among  whom  was  Joseph  Douglas, 
who  bore  testimony,  it  is  hoped,  not  in  vain. 

7th  month  1st,  completes  the  sixteenth  year 
that  I  have  had  charge  of  Friends'  school  in 
this  place  ;  and  many  and  varied  have  been 
the  trials  that  I  have  passed  through  in  that 
time.  And  I  can  now  bless  the  hand  that  has 
been  with  me,  and  say  "  Thy  rod  and  thy  staff, 
they  comfort  me." 

4th.  While  the  sons  of  dissipation  are  pur- 
suing their  pleasures,  and  the  potsherds  of  the 
earth  are  dashing  and  revelling,  in  commem- 
oration of  what  they  call  the  anniversaiy  of 
their  independence,  in  rioting  and  wanton- 
ness; I  was  abundantly  relieved  in  the  faith- 
ful discharge  of  duty,  and  thereby  brought 
into  the  banqueting  house  of  the  Heavenly 
Father,  whose  banner  over  me  was  love.  This 
evening  our  ancient  friend,  Thomas  Titus, 
came  to  our  house. 

8th  month  9th.  In  our  Monthly  Meeting 
I  opened  a  concern  to  make  a  religious  visit 
in  the  eastern  part  of  our  Yearly  Meeting. 
Which  being  united  with,  the  meeting  gave 
me  a  minute  for  that  purpose. 

12th.  An  unusual  season  of  enlargement  in 
the  love  and  truths  of  the  Gospel.  Blessed  be 
God,  marvellous  are  all  his  ways.  He  hath 
bis  way  in  the  wilderness,  and  a  path  in  the 
mighty  waters.  He  helpeth  the  needy  in  their 
distress. 

20th.  Left  home  with  my  wife  on  my 
eastern  journey.  Went  to  Berwick,  and  22nd 
and  23rd  attended  our  Quarterly  Meeting. 
Thomas  Titus  was  there,  and  it  was  a  season 
of  mutual  rejoicing. 

25th.  Went  to  Windham,  and  attended 
their  Monthly  Meeting;  a  testimony  was 
borne  tending  to  arouse  the  careless  and  su- 
pine, accompanied  with  the  word  of  consola- 
tion to  the  humble  and  sincere-hearted  among 
them.     After  meeting  rode  to  Portland. 

26th.  At  both  their  First-day  meetings  in 
town.  Those  among  them  who  were  afar  off, 
were  persuaded  to  draw  nigh  and  see,  there 
is  bread  enough  in  the  Heavenly  Father's 
house  and  to  spare  ;  to  come  taste  and  see  the 
Lord  is  good.  In  the  evening  had  a  comfort- 
able interview  with  some  Friends. 

27th.  The  day  spent  in  sundry  visits,  to 
good  satisfaction.  Went  to  see  a  person  who 
once  filled  a  conspicuous  place  in  our  Society ; 
but  for  want  of  watchfulness,  has  lost  his  right 
among  us.  Having  had  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  him  in  his  more  prosperous  days, 
we  mutually  participated  in  seasons  of  suffer- 
ing and  rejoicing.  When  we  first  met  he 
seemed  confused  and  embarrassed,  and  as  if 
he  hardly  knew  what  to  say  to  me.  I  felt 
compassion  and  sympathy  for  him.  His  case 
appeared  pitiful ;  but  I  saw  no  way  for  him  to 
rise  but  by  humility  of  heart. 

30th.  At  their  mid-week  meeting  at  Dur- 
ham. A  close  searching  time  ;  but  left  them 
with  a  heavy  heart. 

9th  month  1st.  Had  an  appointed  meeting 
at  Litchfield.     My  sympathy  was  much  ex- 


cited for  them,  and  I  expressed  it;  also  the 
language  of  encouragement,  to  persevere  in 
seeking  a  better  country.  And  then  left  them 
under  much  sensibility  of  mind,  and  rode  to 
Vassalborougb. 

2nd.  First-daj-,  at  the  Liver  Meeting.  Here 
I  met  with  the  largest  number  of  my  acquaint- 
ance, who  had  once  filled  elevated  places  in 
our  Society,  and  have  fallen  away  from  their 
first  love,  that  I  ever  saw  before.  My  mind 
was  soon  brought  into  a  sense  of  their  condi- 
tion, and  into  a  travail  for  them,  and  was 
enabled  to  speak  to  their  several  states,  in  the 
love  and  authority  of  the  Gospel ;  which  had 
considerable  reach  upon  their  feelings,  and 
several  of  them  reduced  to  tenderness.  Dined 
with  my  old  friend,  Eemington  Hobby,  and 
afternoon  went  to  East  Pond  and  attended  an 
appointed  meeting.  It  was  a  full  meeting, 
and  many  of  those  characters  alluded  to  were 

there;  among  whom  was  poor  lost ,  who, 

when  young,  was  convinced  about  the  time 
my  own  mind  was;  but  not  being  faithful  to 
endure  the  operation  of  the  cross  which  cru- 
cifies us  unto  the  world,  and  the  world  unto 
us,  he  lost  his  tender  condition  which  I  have 
known  him  to  possess  in  the  days  of  our  rn- 
timacy,  and  is  now  sunk  deep  in  depravity. 
He  seemed  renewedly  tendered,  and  I  felt 
much  for  him,  and  offered  him  some  advice. 
In  this  meeting  I  obtained  great  relief  and 
sweet  consolation. 

3rd.  In  another  appointed  meeting  at  Har- 
lem, the  Truth  was  again  demonstrated  to 
satisfaction. 

5th.  At  their  Quarterly  Meeting  for  minis- 
ters and  ciders,  strength  was  renewed.  After- 
noon made  a  visit  to .    In  his  younger 

years  he  was  convinced  of  the  rectitude  and 
truth  of  our  religious  principles,  and  by  his 
own  request,  became  a  member  of  our  Month- 
ly Meeting  ;  and  for  a  scries  of  years  remained 
tender,  and  supported  his  profession  by  a  con- 
sistent example  and  humble  walking,  in  obe- 
dience to  the  manifestations  of  light  dispensed 
to  him.  But  he  moved  into  this  country  to 
reside,  and  becoming  clouded  in  his  mind  by 
his  unfaithfulness,  he  was  so  deluded  as  to 
make  shipwreck  of  his  faith,  and  as  one  who 
would  live  without  God  in  the  world,  tried 
much  to  appear  as  though  he  had  never  been 
of  us  ;  but  though  far  off  he  was  often  hunger- 
bitten,  and  was  at  the  meeting  alluded  to,  tho 
other  day,  quite  wrought  into  tenderness. 
But  it  is  hard  for  that  mind,  which  has  almost 
defied  the  strength  of  Omnipotence,  to  hum- 
ble itself  and  publicfy  acknowledge,  that  it 
has  sinned  before  Heaven,  and  in  the  sight  of 
men,  and  come  into  the  capacity  of  a  hired 
servant.  But  he  must  stand  or  fall  by  his 
own  master,  and  by  his  own  choice. 

7th.  Wo  rode  to  Gardner  and  put  up,  and 
in  the  evening  attended  a  meeting  appointed 
at  a  Methodist  meeting-house  on  Boardman's 
Point.  The  service  of  the  meeting  was  inter- 
rupted and  greatly  marred  by  a  long,  lifeless 
testimony  from  one  of  our  own  ministers,  at 


354 


THE    FRIEND. 


which  Friends  were  uneasy,  and  spoke  to  him 
on  the  subject,  but  not  to  much  purpose. 
That  true  charity,  which  is  the  love  of  God, 
vaunteth  not  itself,  is  not  easily  puffed  up,  it 
upbraideth  not ;  but  though  we  speak  with 
the  tongue  of  men  and  angels,  without  it,  it 
avails  nothing;  it  is  but  as  sounding  brass 
and  a  tinkling  cymbal. 

8th.  Sad  and  sorrowful  I  rode  most  of  the 
day  through  a  dreary  wilderness  to  Bristol, 
and  put  up  at  Samuel  Toby's.  In  the  even- 
ing had  a  comfortable  sitting  with  the  family  ; 
he  being  confined  to  his  bed  and  chair  by  a 
lameness  in  the  spine;  but  he  can  move  him- 
self about  the  house,  in  bis  chair,  by  the  help 
of  his  cane.  My  mind  was  drawn  into  much 
sympathy  with  him  and  his  dear  wife. 


Wanderings  in  New  Britain. 

(Continued  from  page  347.) 

The  native  money  in  New  Britain  and  the 
adjacent  islands  is  made  of  small  shells  strung 
on  strips  of  cane.  For  this  purpose  in  the 
Duke  of  York  Island  a  cowrie  shell  is  much 
used.  They  are  obtained  from  a  place  on  the 
northwest  coast,  and  are  buried  in  the  earth 
to  bleach  them,  after  which  they  are  tapped 
with  a  stone  on  the  top  which  breaks  a  small 
hole.  The  stringing  on  strips  of  cane  is  done 
by  theehiefsalone — the  manufacture  of  money 
being  a  prerogative  of  the  ruling  powers  among 
these  uncivilized  people  as  well  as  in  nations 
who  have  made  greater  progress  in  the  arts 
of  life.  This  money  goes  by  the  name  of 
dewarra.  It  is  measured  by  lengths ;  the 
largest  length  being  from  hand  to  hand  across 
the  chest  with  the  arms  extended,  ami  is 
called  a  fathom.  The  dewarra  is  made  up 
into  coils  of  one  hundred  fathoms.  These 
coils  arc  neatly  covered  with  wicker  work. 
In  New  Britain  this  shell  money  is  called  by 
another  name,  taboo.  On  some  of  the  islands, 
instead  of  the  cowrie,  a  little  bivalve  shell  is 
used,  through  which  a  hole  is  bored  and  it  is 
then  strung  on  pieces  of  native-made  twine. 
It  is  also  clipped  all  round  till  it  is  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  then 
smoothed  down  into  even  discs  with  sand  and 
pumice-stone.  This  money  is  almost  identi- 
cal with  the  famous  wampum  money  of  the 
North  American  Indians.  It  is  curious  to 
find  such  a  point  of  resemblance  between 
tribes  of  men  living  so  remote  from  each 
other,  and  having  apparently  no  connection 
with  each  other.  On  the  Duke  of  York  Is- 
land, the  cowrie  money  only  is  valued,  and 
the  other  form  has  no  commercial  value. 

The  love  of  shell  money,  and  of  the  power 
its  possession  gives,  seems  to  be  as  firmly  im- 
planted among  these  rude  people,  as  that  of 
gold,  silver  and  other  representatives  of  value 
among  other  nations.  Inconvenient  and  cum- 
bersome as  it  is,  it  furnishes  a  medium  of  ex- 
change, and  of  making  compensation  for  any 
injuries  that  may  have  been  committed.  While 
cruising  among  these  islands,  VV.  Powell  had 
occasion  to  make  some  repairs  to  his  little 
vessel,  and  grounded  her  for  that  purpose  on 
a  sand-spit  at  the  island  of  Utuan.  He  then 
sent  for  the  chief  and  purchased  of  him  about 
an  acre  of  land  adjacent,  promising,  that  if 
the  things  ho  brought  on  shore  were  left 
alone,  and  not  tampered  with  by  the  natives, 
he  would  return  him  the  laud  and  give  him  a 
present.  The  chief  seemed  pleased  with  the 
proposal,  and  agreed  to  taboo  the  ground,  that 


lis,  make  it  unlawful  for  any  one  to  enter  it, 
except  those  who  were  required  to  help.  This 
did  well  for  a  time,  but  at  last  some  small 
things  were  missed,  and  one  morning  it  was 
found  that,  during  the  night,  some  of  the 
natives  had  cut  the  bellows  of  the  forge 
through  at  the  nozzle.  When  this  was  re- 
ported on  shipboard,  W.  Powell  went  on  shore 
and  found  the  chief.  The  scene  which  fol- 
lowed is  thus  described.  "I  said  to  him, 
'  One  of  your  people  has  broken  my  bellows, 
you  must  make  him  pay  for  it'  (this  is  the 
native  custom  to  pay  in  shell  money,  dewarra, 
for  any  mischief  they  may  do,  even  to  killing 
a  man).  He  answered,  '  I  do  not  know  any- 
thing about  it,  and  I  do  not  mean  that  any- 
one shall  pay  for  it.'  I  answered,  '  I  came  on 
your  land  by  your  own  consent ;  I  have  given 
you  presents  and  your  men  have  stolen  from 
me  and  1  have  not  spoken;  now  I  mean  to 
have,  payment  for  this.' 

"As  I  spoke  I  looked  round,  and  found 
about  fifty  armed  men  coming  out  of  the  bush 
behind  me.  I  thought  this  looks  like  fight- 
ing; so  I  began  to  back  down  to  the  beach. 
The  old  chief  meanwhile  had  taken  a  toma- 
hawk and  a  spear  from  behind  a  tree,  and 
made  a  rush  for  me.  He  lifted  his  tomahawk 
to  strike,  and  I  onlj'  saved  my  scull  by  catch- 
ing his  arm  as  it  fell,  and  giving  him  a  trip 
at  the  same  time,  which  enabled  me  to  back 
away  faster  than  he  could  follow  me." 

By  the  aid  of  his  dog,  who  seized  the  chief 
by  the  leg,  he  was  enabled  to  reach  the  beach 
in  safety,  save  a  wound  in  one  hand  by  a  spear. 
A  neighboring  chief,  who  was  friendly,  was 
sent  for,  and  the  difficulty  was  finally  settled 
by  the  payment  of  a  fine  of  one  hundred 
fathoms  of  dewarra.  Then  presents  were  in- 
terchanged between  the  chief  and  Powell,  and 
they  were  good  friends  again.  The  wounded 
hand  gave  much  trouble  for  a  time,  so  that 
our  traveller  almost  feared  that  the  spear  had 
been  poisoned,  as  the  natives  sometimes  do 
by  dipping  them  into  a  putrefied  dead  body 
— but  it  did  not  prove  to  have  been  the  case. 

A  practice  prevails  among  these  people  of 
covering  the  hair  with  lime,  which  turns  it  a 
light  tawny  red.  The  women  when  young 
are  well-made  and  upright,  but  as  they  grow 
older  get,  from  the  heavy  burdens  they  carry, 
an  unnatural  stoop,  which  they  afterwards 
retain  whether  carrying  or  not.  They  pre- 
pare the  patches  for  planting,  turning  up  the 
ground  with  sharp  sticks,  and  burning  the 
grass  and  weeds.  A  disagreeable  skin  disease, 
called  Buckwar,  is  prevalent.  It  consists  in  a 
peeling  off  of  the  skin,  and  does  not  appear 
to  cause  much  inconvenience,  except  that 
those  affected  with  it  are  continually  scratch- 
ing. Tho  natives  attribute  it  to  inoculation 
from  a  poisonous  plant,  but  our  author  thinks 
it  is  connected  with  the  total  absence  of  salt 
in  their  food.  As  a  sign  of  mourning  for  the 
loss  of  a  relative,  the  face  and  head  are  black- 
ened with  charcoal  and  oil. 

There  are  many  references  to  cannibalism 
which  has  long  existed  in  the  islands  on  the 
northern  and  western  coasts  of  New  Britain. 
Tho  natives  know  that  the  practice  is  ab- 
horred by  the  white  people,  so  seldom  speak 
of  it  when  they  are  about.  W.  Powell  says 
of  Tora-good,  one  of  the  chiefs — "  This  man, 
when  first  I  visited  him,  was  fondling  one  of 
bis  children  in  his  arms,  and  two  more  were 
playing  about  bis  knees,  a  perfect  picturo  of 
domestic  happiness.  He  called  to  his  wife  to 
bring  out  mats  for  me  to  sit  on,  and  then  came 


tho  inevitable  betel-nut;  after  which  he  talk 
to  me  in  such  a  fond  parental  manner  about  I 
children,  that  I  found  it  hard  to  believe  tb 
such  a  man  could  be  guilty  of  the  awful  eric 
of  cannibalism.  He  made  me  a  present  of  a  fii 
pig,  and  I  gave  him  some  red  cloth  and  beai 
for  his  wives  and  children,  and  a  knife, 
tomahawk,  tobacco  and  pipes  for  himself.  £ 
took  me  to  see  some  dewarra  ho  had  just  bee 
paid  by  another  district,  to  prevent  his  goir 
to  war  with  them,  about  four  hundred  fathom 
When  he  began  to  talk  about  fighting  h 
whole  manner  changed  so  complete!)7  that  I 
no  longer  seemed  to  be  the  same  man  ;  tt 
wild  beast  look  came  into  his  eyes,  which 
have  always  noticed  when  the  natives  onl 
speak  of  such  things;  but  alas  !  what  can  or 
expect  of  men  who  devour  each  other  lib 
wild  animals?"  "Tora-good  is  a  terrible  ol 
cannibal.  I  have  myself  seen  the  disjointc 
limbs  of  a  man  hanging  near  his  house  on 
tree  that  is  tabooed  for  that  purpose." 

The  curious  system  of  Duk-duk  is  widel 
distributed  in  the  north  peninsula  of  Ne 
Britain,  and  in  other  islands  in  that  vicinit; 
This  mysterious  power  is  in  reality  one  ma 
appointed  by  the  chief,  and  who  is  dressed  i 
leaves,  which  cover  bis  body  to  below  th 
waist ;  he  wears  a  large  helmet,  coming  con 
pletely  over  the  face  and  resting  on  th 
shoulders,  in  shape  like  an  extinguisher.  Th: 
is  made  of  net-work,  so  that  he  can  bot 
breathe  and  see  without  being  seen  ;  it 
painted  to  represent  a  hideous  face.  Th 
strange  figure  travels  through  the  bush,  visi 
ing  each  village  ;  and  if  any  man  has  receive' 
wrongs  at  the  hands  of  his  neighbor  he  pay 
the  Duk-duk  so  much  dewarra  to  settle  th 
question.  This  functionary  then  goes  off  fc 
the  aggressor's  house,  and  demands  restitutioi 
of  the  stolen  goods,  a  payment  for  the  harn 
done,  which  if  the  person  accused  does  no 
pay,  or  restore  at  once,  the  Duk-duk  sets  fir- 
to  his  bouse,  or  in  some  extreme  cases  spear 
the  offender.  Women  and  children  are  no 
allowed  to  look  at  the  Duk-duk,  or  they  wil 
die.  This  superstition  is  so  strong  amongs 
them  that  they  will  run  away  and  hide  them 
selves  as  soon  as  they  hear  him  coming,  whict 
they  know  by  a  peculiar  shrieking  noise  h< 
makes  as  he  goes  along. 

When  the  young  men  are  old  enough  thej 
are  admitted  into  tho  secret,  on  payment  o: 
about  one  hundred  fathoms  of  dewarra,  which 
if  they  cannot  pay  they  must  always  keej 
out  of  his  way. 

At  stated  periods  the  Duk-duk  goes  his 
rounds,  and  afterwards  there  is  a  big  feast 
and  a  dance,  at  which  all  the  initiated  attend 
and  there  is  much  dancing  and  dressing  up 
in  flowers  and  fern-leaves  on  the  occasion 
There  is  sometimes  more  than  one  Duk-duk 
if  tho  chief  can  afford  it.  No  man  is  allowed 
to  lift  his  hand  against  him,  but  must  submit 
to  everything  he  does.  The  secrets  are  not 
allowed  to  be  spoken  of  outside  the  "taboo- 
ground,"  where  he  is  supposed  to  live  ;  and 
no  one  who  is  not  initiated  is  allowed  on  that 
ground  under  a  penalty  of  a  heavy  fine,  or, 
if  this  be  not  paid,  of  death.  There  are  secret 
signs  between  the  initiated  by  which  they 
know  each  other  from  outsiders. 

A  case  occurred  at  Rukukuroo  where  a 
young  man  was  driven,  through  stress  of 
weather,  in  his  canoe  on  to  the  taboo-ground, 
and  it  happened  that  the  Duk-duk  was  hold- 
ing, or  just  about  to  hold,  a  feast.  The  young 
man  was  seized  and  carried  to  the  Duk-duk, 


THE    FRIEND. 


355 


ho  tomahawked  him  on  the  spot,  and  served 
his  bod}'  as  a  part  of  the  feast  in  course  of 
preparation.  No  one  outside  the  society  knew 
what  had  become  of  the  poor  fellow. 

The  system  seems  to  be  a  rude  method  of 
administering  law  and  preserving  social  order : 
mingled  with  superstition  and  the  inevitable 
3vils  that  accompany  secret  organizations. 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  •'  The  Friend." 

"Missionary  Work." 

A  desire  has  been  felt  to  ask  the  attention 
)f  the  readers  of  "The  Friend,"  particularly 
)ur  younger  members,  to  the  Editorial  article 
n  No.  40  of  the  present  volume,  in  relation  to, 
>r  explanatory  of,  what  is  true  "  missionary 
york." 

It  is  far  from  the  wish  of  those  who  truly 
iesire  the  prosperity  of  the  Truth,  to  dis- 
ourage  the  efforts  of  any  to  turn  the  foot- 
steps of  the  erring  from  the  broad  into  the 
larrow  but  safe  path  ;  it  is,  however,  very  im- 
portant for  us  all  to  bear  in  mind  the  histori- 
;al  fact  mentioned  by  Wm.  Penn,  in  relation 
J;o  the  character  and  movements  of  our  early 
JFriends,  viz:  "That  they  were  changed  men 
Mid  women  themselves  before  they  went  about 
',o  change  others." 

Examples  of  true  missionary  spirit  arc  not 
wanting  in  the  history  of  our  beloved  Society, 
nd  within  the  borders  of  Philadelphia  Yearly 
[eeting.  The  residence  of  our  late  valued 
■iend  Ebenezer  Worth,  among  the  Indians 
n  the  Allegheny  reservation,  as  well  as  that 
of  his  predecessors,  Robert  Scotten  and  Joseph 
ton,  for  a  number  of  years,  doubtless  at 


F.Ik 


much  personal  sacrifice,  and  the  sweet 
ward  of  peace  that  followed,  may  be  cited  as 
an  encouragement  to  others  to  fully  resign 
themselves  to  such  service  when  the  call  is 
blearly  felt;  but  it  is  the  danger  of  running 
without  being  rightly  sent,  that  is  so  much  to 
be  feared,  lest  the  language  should  be  heard, 
Who  hath  required  this  at  thy  hands?" 
W.  P.  T. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Theatre: 

An  Essay  upon  the  Non- Accord ancy  of , Stag  c- 
Plays  with  the  Christian  Profession. 

(Concluded  from  page  348.) 

Without  desiring  to  unduly  pursue  this  con- 
cluding portion  of  my  topic,  I  believe  it  is 
nevertheless  of  the  first  importance  that  it  be 
clearly  shown  wherein  the  professing  Church, 
n  this  matter,  obstructs  and  stumbles.  No 
reversal  of  the  popular  estimate  of,  and  at- 
tendance upon,  the  plaj'-house,  need  be  looked 
for,  while  the  Church,  with  mistaken  charity 
and  complaisance,  casts  its  mantle  over  levity 
and  folly,  instead  of  pointing  the  way  of  light 
and  holiness. 

The  views  which  have  been  just  declared 
upon  the  subject  of  entertainment  and  amuse- 
ment-hunting by  and  on  behalf  of  the  (out- 
ward) church,  are  convincingly  and  at  length 
set  forth  in  a  pamphlet  of  61  pages  lately 
issued  by  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publica- 
tion.* The  opinion  is  therein  expressed,  (cor- 
roborating what  has  been  said  before)  that 
the  church  is  now  rather  regarded  as  a  con 
venient  medium  of  social  intercourse  and 
social  pleasures  than  as  an  educator  of  the 
religious  affections,  the  author  quoting  in  sup- 

*  The  Sociable,  the  Entertainment,  and  the  Bazaar 
By  Alfred  E.  Myers,  Pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Churcl 
of  Owasco,  N.  Y. 


port  of  this  view  from  an  essay  (which  has 
elicited  considerable  remark)  upon  "  Certain 
Dangerous  Tendencies  of  American  Life," 
(Boston,  1880.)  "  The  church,"  according  to 
the  essayist,  "  is  now  for  the  most  part  a  de- 
pository of  social  rather  than  religious  influ- 
ences. Its  chief  force  or  vitality  is  no  longer 
religious.  *  *  For  a  very  large  class  the 
church  furnishes  opportunity  for  a  pleasant 
social  life,  which  is  in  no  way  different  from 
the  social  life  of  amiable,  intelligent  people 
out  of  the  church  :  that  is,  there  is  nothing 
distinctively  religious  about  it." 

It  should  be  premised  that  the  Presbyterian 

fiter  is  solicitous  not  to  be  understood  as  in 
anj'  wise  discouraging  the  commingling  of  all  so  demoralizing  in  their  tendency,  and 
those  comprising  a  congregation,  in  any  right  withal  so  revolting  to  reasoning  minds,  that 
way.  Indeed  there  are  few  things  more  help-  only  the  obligation  of  a  required  duty  can  be 
ful  to  the  young  who  yearn  for  a  better  life  excuse  for  their  presentation  here.  I  refrain 
than  the  life  they  may  have  previously  led,  from  taking  up  the  cognate  subject  of  the 
than  the  chaste  yet  cheerful   conversation  of  Bazaar,  with   its  trivial  and  mischievous  ac- 


Sunday-school  a  college  glee-club  provokes 
great  merriment  by  its  bold  allusions  to  the 
truths  which,  in  the  school,  are  taught  as 
tremendous  verities.  In  the  '  Old  Folks'  Con- 
cert' solemn  hymns  and  revered  tunesaresung 
in  a  drawling  style  to  raise  a  laugh."  At  an 
"exhibition  in  the  lecture-room  ofaprominent 
church  *  *  a  worthy  gentleman  of  remark- 
able sobriety  of  deportment  and  visage,  and 
excellent  in  the  prayer-meeting,  played  'the 
sneezer,'  and  another  Christian  gentleman 
feigned  intoxication,  with  his  fair  and  tem- 
perate face  smeared  with  red  blotches  to 
assist  the  illusion."  All  these  things,  be  it 
said,  for  the  cause  (so  claimed)  of  Christ,  yet 


the  spiritually-dignified  and  dedicated  ser- 
ts  of  the  Lord,  who  give  evidence  that 
thej-  look  for  a  "  city  which  hath  foundations, 
whose  builder  and  maker  is  God." 

Having  pointed  out  that  a  first  result  of 
the  church  "sociable"  is,  that  instead  of  social 
distinctions  with  their  attractions  and  repul- 
sions being  submerged,  it  causes  them  to 
rise   into    a    conspicuousness"   which    they 


companiments,  supplying   the  place  thereof 
with  these  apt  lines  of  the  author  of  "The 
Church  Walking  with  the  World,"— 
"  And  fairs  and  shows  in  the  halls  were  held, 
And  the  world  and  her  children  were  there, 
And  laughter  and  music  and  feasts  prevailed 
In  the  place  that  was  meant  for  prayer." 

Without  controversy,  these  things  can  only 
operate  to  deaden   the  spiritual   life  of  the 


would  not  otherwise  possess;  that  "the  so-!  participants,  and,  in  tD0  case  of  those  who 
ciable  not  only  docs  not  help  the  spiritual  exhibit  an  aptitude  for  smartly  performing 
growth  of  the  church,  but  by  a  factitious' their  parts,  to  draw  them  really  to  the  stage 
bustle  and  stir  diverts  attention  from  spiritual  as  actors  and  actresses.  Instances  of  such  a 
deficiencies,"  he  next  proceeds  to  show  how 'result  are  not  rare.  It  must  hence  be  ap- 
the  sociable  commonly  merges  into  the  enter-1  parent  that  so  far  from  these  festivities  and 
tainment,  merry-making,  and  feast,  all  show-  entertainments  preserving  the  younger  morn- 
ing a  forsaking  of  the  simple,  apostolical  bers  of  the  church  from  the  contaminations 
church  economy.  Now,  the  entertainment  of  the  world,  there  will  rather  happen  as  the 
appears  to  have  become  possible  through  a  writer  from  whom  I  have  quoted,  concludes, 
reversal  of  the  Scripture  prerogative  of  those1 — "a  graduation  from  the  church  drama  to 
who  should  be  as  "  nursing  fathers  and  moth-jthe  better-appointed  and  better-acted  drama 
ers," — these,  instead  of  leading  the  flock,  satis-  of  the  theatre,  and  from  the  somewhat  tame 
fying  themselves  with  the  thought  that,  as' evening  entertainment  in  the  church-parlor 
religion  should  be  made  palatable  to  the  to  the  ball  which  is  not  held  in  the  interest 
young,  it  is  expedient  to  push  them  to  the' of  the  church." 

'front  in  all  activities,  especially  in  amuse-|  The  problem,  therefore,  seems  naturally  to 
ments.  Of  numerous  instances  cited  by  the  narrow  itself  down  to  this:  that  if  avowed 
author,  it  will  suffice  to  quote  the  following  :  Christians  of  "  respectability"  would  have  the 
"  A  church  which  has  recently  received  a]  vile  variety  theatres  of  the  poorer  classes  re- 
number of  young  people  into  active  member-  moved  from  our  cities,  such  persons  cannot 
ship,  is  the  scene  of  a  humorous  entertain-;  consistently  give  countenance  to  the  play- 
ment.  A  stage  is  laid  over  the  pulpit  plat-,  houses  of  the  so-styled  "  better  sort;"  and  if 
form  and  over  the  place  lately  occupied  by  the  tbey  would  have  the  low  music-halls,  with 
communion-table,  and  there  the  young  con-  their  tawdry  and  lewd  accessories  abolished, 
verts,  with  others,  are  encouraged' to  perform  they,  on  their  part,  should  have  naught  to  do 
for  the  benefit  of  the  church.  At  another  en-  with  the  elegant  opera,  its  alluring  ballet  and 
tertainment  a  group  of  young  gentlemen  go  unsavory  plot.  As  discerned  by  the  Apostle 
through  the  form  of  sellingat  auction  a  young  Peter,  "  the  time  is  come  that  judgment  must 
lady  to  the  highest  bidder.  At  another  of  begin  at  the  house  of  God,"  and  this  discern- 
thesediversions.  before  people  of  education  and!  ment  and  resultant  separation  (it  may  be 
refined  taste,  a  professional  musician  renders  added)  should  additionally  extend  to  the  pic- 
a  roystering  bacchanalian  song  with  startling1  ture  and  art  galleries,  the  highly-spiced  draw- 
energy.  Clergymen  and  then-  wives  figure:  ing-room  fiction,  the  private  wine-cellars  and 
in  costume  as  George  Washington  and  Martha^  billiard  rooms,  the  stock  jobbing,  &c.,  of  the 
Washington.  One  minister  reads  humorous' well-to-do  and  presumably  respectable,  pro- 
selections  ;  another  sings  comic  songs ;  others'  fessed  Christians,  if  any  headway  is  to  be 
make  droll  speeches.  The  pulpit  is  sometimes1  made  against  the  common  drinking  and  gam- 
removed,  and  Santa-Claus  and  his  chimney!  bling  habits,  and  the  cheap,  demoralizing 
occupy  the  platform.  Again,  in  just  such  a  literature  of  the  day.  It  is  not  evident  to  the 
position,  along  with  other  attractions,  we  writer  how  any  other  conclusion  is  to  be 
have  an  organ-grinder,  with  a  wealthy  mid-  arrived  at,  and,  with  this  persuasion  before 
die-aged  citizen  sustaining  the  dignified  role  of  him,  he  would  ask  attention  to  the  thought- 
the  monkey  passing  the  hat  for  pennies.  The  ful  words  of  three  widely -separated,  but  coin- 
superintendent  of  a  Sunday-school,  chalked)  ciding  witnesses,  touching  the  matter  of  holy 
and  painted,  poses  as  an  ancient  king,  and  fidelity. 

teachers  amuse  the  audience  with  a  semblance)  "  To  do  all  our  duty,"  says  the  late  Charles 
of  stage-embraces.     Under  the  auspices  of  a  G.  Finney,    "  we   must   rebuke   sin   in  high 


356 


THE    FRIEND. 


places.  Can  this  be  done  with  all  needed 
severity  wit  bout,  in  many  cases,  giving  offence, 
and  incurring  tbe  charge  of  censoriousness  ? 
No;  it  is  impossible — and  to  maintain  the 
contrary  would  be  to  impeach  the  wisdom 
and  holiness  of  Jesus  Christ." 

"  The  law  of  the  spiritual  life,"  says  a  late 
writer  in  the  Independent,  "is  separation. 
God's  people  first  separated  from  the  dead  re- 
ligious world  at  Jerusalem.  The  testimony 
of  the  early  Church  was  one  of  life  for  a  world 
to  come.  It  gathered  both  its  testimony  and 
its  life  about  a  risen  Christ.  It  did  not  stud}- 
to  make  peace  with  the  world  or  how  to  ad- 
just itself  to  its  suroundings,  but  it  steadily 
testified  against  it,  and  called  upon  the  people 
of  God  to  break  with  it." 

Finally,  to  quote  one  who  appears  to  be  a 
clergyman  of  the  English  established  church, 
the  author  of  the  brochure,  "  Modern  Chris- 
tianity a  Civilized  Heathenism," — "  Until  the 
world,"  he  says,  "is  wholly  converted,  which 
nobody  yet  pretends,  his  [Christ's]  people 
must  ever  wage  with  it  a  deadly  war.  There 
can  be  no  peace  between  two  such  armies  as 
the  soldiers  of  Christ  and  the  servants  of  the 
devil.  His  disciples  must  fight  as  their  Cap- 
tain fought,  making  themselves  [if  need  be] 
an  offence,  a  nuisance,  an  abhorrence  to  every 
man  who  is  not  like  them,  an  open  confessor 
of  His  name." 

Therefore,  in  dealing  with  theatrical  enter- 
tainments and  similarstumbling  devices  with- 
in the  pale  of  the  professing  Church,  as  also 
with  the  theatre  itself,  and  all  that  is  allied 
to  it,  in  society  and  the  world,  it  may  be 
morally  profitable  for  those  concerned  to  bear 
in  mind  the  uncompromising  example  set  by 
the  Master  in  cleansing  the  temple  of  that 
which  defiled  it.  In  Christ  we  see  the  utmost 
compassion,  even  unto  death,  for  sinners,  but 
not  a  moment's  parley  with  sin.  Instructive, 
and  of  good  warrant,  likewise,  for  our  guid- 
ance, is  the  narrative  of  the  crafty  procedure 
of  Zion's  active  enemy,  Tobiah  the  Ammonite, 
who,  in  the  absence  ol'Nehemiah  the  governor, 
so  far  overcame  with  his  guile  even  the  high- 
priest  himself,  as  to  have  plausibly  persuaded 
the  latter  to  prepare  him  "a  chamber  in  the 
courts  of  the  house  of  God."  No  doubt  Tobiah 
was  a  man  of  polished  speech,  who  could  min- 
ister abundant  entertainment  to  his  hearers, 
yet  when  Nehcmiah  heard  of  the  evil  that 
had  been  done — how,  like  an  odious  barnacle, 
the  world,  in  the  person  of  the  Ammonite,  had 
fastened  itself  upon  the  very  house  of  God — 
it  "grieved"  him  "sore,"  insomuch  that  he 
summarily  "cast  forth  all  the  household-stuff 
of  Tobiah  out  of  tho  chamber."  Would  that 
all  magistrates  and  others  in  authority,  who 
have  to  deal  with  theatres  and  theatrical  en- 
tertainments, might  emulate  the  godly  zeal 
(according  to  knowledge)  of  Nehemiah,  tho 
righteous  governor. 

In  concluding  this  essay,  perhaps  I  can  do 
no  better  than  to  revive  tho  language  of  the 
Address  issued  by  Frankford  Monthl}'  Meet- 
ing of  Friends  to  its  members  (1880),  wherein 
it  is  said  : 

"In  much  tenderness  wo  beseech  you, 
dear  young  people  of  every  class,  to  bring 
this  whole  question  of  amusement  and  recrea- 
tion to  your  loving  Saviour.  With  his  teach- 
ings, as  set  forth  in  tho  New  Testament,  be- 
fore you,  and  by  the  light  of  his  grace  in  your 
hearts,  pray  for  wisdom  and  strength,  and 
you  will  be  given  clearly  to  see  what  it  is  and 
who  they  are  that  are  truly  serving  God,  and 


what  and  who  are  serving  him  not ;  what  will 
make  for  your  own  soul's  peace,  and  what  will 
hinder  it;  and  wherein  your  true  safety  lies. 
Josiah  W.  Leeds. 

Selected  for  "  The  Friend." 

EXTRACTS 


"on  the  mountain." 
How  ofl,  our  projects  brave  and  fair, 

And  full,  apparently,  of  lasting  worth, 
Like  rainbow-colored  bubbles  iu  the  air, 

Break  at  the  touch  of  earth. 

And  oft,  although  we  seem  so  free 

To  choose,  to  will,  to  do,  or  to  forbear, 
We  meet  resistless  pressure,  so  that  we 

Are  baffled  everywhere. 

Not  by  the  slackening  of  a  feeble  will, — 

Not  by  dull  languor,  have  our  plans  been  marred  ; 

But,  where  our  eager  feet  were  pressing,  still 
We  found  tbe  pathway  barred, — 

Barred  by  the  iron  gates  of  circumstance; 

Hedged  in  by  duty  ;  till  we  felt  that  God 
Himself  had  closed  the  door, — forbade  advance 

In  paths  we  would  have  trod. 

Christ's  richest  gifts  are  twofold, — first,  relief, 

Then  blessing.   From  our  hearts  He  takes  the  thorn 

And  makes  the  rose  of  it.     Out  of  our  grief 
Our  purest  joy  is  born. 

From  out  the  ashes  of  our  pleasures  lost 

Spring  up  the  fragrant,  snow-white  flowers  of  peace  : 
When  hopes  of  human  rescue  all  are  crossed, 

He  brings  his  own  release. 

In  his  beloved  hands  dread  death  became 
The  gate  of  blessed  life  ;  and  we  shall  see 

Our  bondage,  touched  by  his  transforming  flame, 
Become  our  liberty. 

And,  where  tbe  Spirit  of  tbe  Lord  abides 

Is  liberty  ;  the  glorious  liberty 
Of  sons  of  God.     Who  in  such  words  confides, 

He  cannot  but  be  free. 

Easy  the  charm  which  breaks  our  chain  ;  each  day 

We  utter  it, — and  yet  tbe  strife  is  o'er 
If  we,  "  Thy  will  be  done,"  can  truly  say  ; 

Then  bondage  is  no  more. 

The  fretting  friction  of  our  daily  life, — 

Heart-weariness  with  loving  patience  borne, — 

The  meek  endurance  of  tbe  inward  strife, — 
The  painful  crown  of  thorns, — 

Prepare  the  heart  for  God's  own  dwelling-place  ; 

Adorn  with  sacred  loveliness  his  shrine; 
And  brighten  every  inconspicuous  grace, 

For  God  alone  to  shine. 

And  He  alone,  who  only  knoweth  man, 

And  knoweth  life,  and  what  its  changes  teach, 

Is  wise  to  choose  and  competent  to  plan 
The  earthly  path  of  each. 

Oh,  when  v*e  look  from  realms  of  perfect  light 
On  all  the  path  which  so  perplexed  us  here; 

When  all  the  clouds  and  darkness  of  our  night 
In  glory  disappear, — 

How  poor  will  seem  the  schemes  we  blindly  made! 

How  wise  and  good  Christ's  plan  for  every  soul ! 
Strange  that  we  hesitate  and  are  afraid 

To  yield  to  his  control  ! 
Not  only  must  we  learn  to  do,  but  bear ; 

Not  only  act,  but  suffer  ;  firmly  tread 
The  lowly,  thorn-strewn,  weary  pathway  where 

The  Man  of  Sorrow  led. 

Ah,  what  are  we?  poor  scholars  in  Christ's  school, 

Who  think  to  choose  our  lessons.     Let  Him  teach 
What  pleaseth  Him,— -all-wise  to  overrule 

The  daily  task  of  each. 
What  if  the  task  He  set,  when  but  commenced, 

Be  given  to  other  hands,  or  laid  aside; 
All  paths  to  other  labor  closely  fenced, 

Our  prayer  for  work  denied  ? 
Only  heaven  can  show 

If  work  or  waiting  bring  the  best  reward; 
Let  us  not  choose;   we  only  need  to  know 

The  bidding  of  our  Lord. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Roman  Notes  on  the  Fulfilment  of  Prophecy 

The  Eevelation  of  St.  John  the  Divine  h; 
been  before  the  world  for  eighteen  centurie 
and  various  have  been  the  attempts  to  unfo 
its  hidden  meaning,  and-  to  determine  tl 
times  appointed  for  tho  fulfilment  of  its  pr 
phecies. 

Roman  Catholic  writers  early  endcavort 
to  weaken  the  force  of  its  authority  by  con 
paring  it  with  other  writings  which  had  bee 
rejected  as  apocryphal.  Others  have  exhaus 
ed  their  sophistries  in  vain  efforts  to  adaj 
the  Revelation  to  the  times  of  the  Roma 
empire  and  to  the  persecution  of  the  earl 
Christians,  though  a  portion  only  seems  t 
have  any  reference  to  those  early  days.  ] 
became  necessary  to  fasten  its  prediction  upo 
time  long  past  and  faintly  known,  in  ordt 
to  break  the  condemnatory  evidence  of  il 
modern  application.  Whatever  difficulty 
may  appear  in  reading  some  of  the  earlit 
deliveries,  a  key  can  be  found  in  the  event 
of  later  days  that  seems  to  fit  many  feature 
of  the  later  prophecy. 

Within  our  own  time  a  remarkable  succei 
sion  of  events  have  transpired,  which  ha 
thrown  light  on  the  meaning  of  many  hi.thei 
to  obscure  references  ;  and  we  believe  we  hav 
now  the  means  in  hand  for  the  approximat 
reading  of  the  16th  and  17th  chapters,  a 
least,  beyond  anything  the  students  of  eve' 
the  last  generation  possessed.  In  lines  o 
light  we  read  the  path  that  is  leading  to  th 
destruction  of  Anti-Christ.* 

Does  any  one  doubt  that  the  Beast  spokei 
of  in  Revelations,  chapter  13th,  is  the  Romai 
empire,  let  him  read  the  first  ten  verses. 

"  And  I  stood  upon  the  sand  cf  the  sea,  ant 
saw  a  beast  rise  up  out  of  the  sea,  bavin; 
seven  heads  and  ten  horns,  and  upon  his  horn 

*  That  the  spirit  of  anti-Christ,  a  spirit  that  desire< 
to  displace  Christ  from  his  place  as  an  object  for  ado 
ration,  ruled  in  the  hearts  of  sundry  popes,  and  tha 
they  openly  acknowledged  its  sway  in  obedience  to  th 
popular  bias,  is  plainly  apparent  from  certain  pictoria 
evidence  now  extant.  In  Mary  Maggiore  at  Rome 
appears  a  mosaic  picture  representing  the  group  of  tin 
adoration  of  the  Magi  or  wise  men  of  the  East.  The 
child  Christ  originally  occupied  a  chair  alone,  while  the 
mother  stood  beside  the  chair  or  throne  of  the  child 
her  figure  recognizable  from  her  resemblance  to  othen 
in  scenes  where  she  appears  in  the  same  series.  Il 
this  group  as  now  before  us,  the  erect  figure  is  absent 
and  another  which  sat  opposite  the  child,  and  supposed 
to  represent  the  elder  of  the  Magi,  is  converted  inn 
Mary,  with  a  halo  around  her  head,  though  in  the  ori 
ginal  such  attribute  is  wt  assigned  to  her.  Thischangi 
was  made  in  1740,  by  Benedict  XIV.,  and  was  dis 
covered  by  comparing  engraved  copies  of  the  origina 
before  the  alteration,  with  its  present  state.  It  is  un 
necessary  to  add  that  this  pope  was  a  Mary-worship 
ping  idolater.  His  church  is  the  largest  of  the  80  it 
Rome  dedicated  to  Mary,  and  perhaps  the  oldest  il 
Christendom. 

A  yet  more  blasphemous  exhibition  of  this  anti 
Christian  spirit  appears  in  the  painting  made  by  ordei 
of  Pius  IX.,  and  intended  to  commemorate  the  pro 
mulgation  of  the  dogma  of  the  "  Immaculate  Conception 
of  the  Virgin,"  in  1854.  In  this  very  large  picture 
with  life-size  figures,  Pius  is  seated  in  state  upon  t 
dais,  surrounded  by  many  of  the  dignitaries  of  hii 
"church,"  and  is  represented  as  in  a  self-coinplaccnl 
mood.  Above  the  group  is  a  supposed  scene  in  heaver 
where  Christ  is  seated  upon  a  throne,  while  the  AI 
mighty  Father  has  abdicated  his  higher  throne  irj 
which  He  has  placed  Mary,  to  whom  he  appears  tc 
point  as  to  the  most  worthy  object  of  worship.  To  th« 
Christian  observer  the  sacrilegious  character  of  this 
picture  is  truly  revolting. 

The  term  anti-Christ  is  not  properly  limited  to  the 
Papacy;  it  is  rightly  applied  to  every  form  of  worship 
or  faith  which  sets  itself  against  the  rule  of  the  Spiril 
of  Christ  in  the  heart  of  man. 


THE    FRIEND. 


ten  crowns,  and  upon  his  heads  the  name  of 
blasphemy," — xiii.  1. 

*  *  "And  the  dragon  gave  him  his  power, 
and  his  seat,  and  great  authority," — xiii.  2. 

"And  I  saw  one  of  his  heads  as  it  were 
wounded  to  death  ;  and  his  deadly  wound  was 
healed  :  and  all  the  world  wondered  after  the 
beast," — xiii.  3. 

"And  they  worshipped  the  dragon  which 
rave  power  unto  the  beast ;  and  they  worship- 
ped the  beast,  saying,  Who  is  like  unto  the 
beast?  and  who  is  able  to  make  war  with 
bim?"—  xiii.  4. 

"And  it  was  given  unto  him  to  make  war 
with  the  saints,  and  to  overcome  them  :  and 
power  was  given  him  over  all  kindreds,  and 
;ongues,  and  nations," — xiii.  7. 

We  think  that  the  above  texts  clearly  refer 
to  the  Eoman  empire.  Under  the  emperors 
thousands  of  Christians  were  martyred  ;  but 
Rome  was  eventually  subjugated  by  theCbris- 
tians  under  Constantine,  and  their  religion 
became  in  a  measure,  though  much  corrupted, 
the  dominant  belief. 

The  first  beast,  we  have  seen,  was  clearly 
the  Eoman  empire,  and  it  may  be  that  the 
bead  that  was  wounded  and  healed  refers  to 
the  fall  of  Rome  and  the  subsequent  rise  of 


By  persecution,  martyrdom  and  crime,  the 
second  beast  becomes  an  object  of  enforced 
worship,  to  effect  which  we  know  has  ever 
been  the  field  of  Jesuitical  labor  in  the  cause 
of  "the  church." 

Thus  it  becomes  apparent  how  the  "  beast 
thou  sawest  was  and  is  not,  and  they  that 
dwell  upon  the  earth  shall  wonder,  whose 
names  were  not  written  in  the  book  of  life 
from  the  foundation  of  the  world,  when  they 
behold  the  beast  that  was,  and  is  not,  and  yet 
is," — xvii.  8. 

The  Eoman  empire  had  revived  again  to 
the  wonder  of  its  citizens;  Papal  Eome  had 
succeeded  Pagan  Eome.  But  the  beast  that 
wasandisnot  *  *  goeth  into  perdition. — 
xvii.  11. 

'•And  he  deceiveth  them  that  dwell  in  the 
earth  by  means  of  those  miracles  which  he 
had  power  to  do  in  the  sight  of  the  beast* — 
xiii.  14. 

"He  deceiveth  those  that  dwell  upon  the 
earth,"  that  is  those  who  are  destitute  of  any 
spiritual  sense,  and  regard  only  the  outward 
and  ritualistic  form  of  religion,  dwelling  thus 
wholly  on  the  earth. 

"The  miracles  he  had  power  to  do  in  the 
sight  of  the  beast"  implies  that  they  were  false 


the  Eastern  empire,  or  transfer  of  the  seat  of  I  miracles,  but  performed  in  the  sight  of  the 
power  to  Byzantium.  It  is  plain  from  the \beast,  or  under  the  care  of  the  priests  and 
;ext  the  first  beast  only  is  referred  to,  from  pope,  they  were  made  to  pass  as  genuine.  Of 
the  1st  to  the  10th  verse,  inclusive,  of  chap-  this  class  of  miracles  the  world  has  seen  very 
ter  13th.  many  and  fully  comprehends  their  worth,  be 

"And  I  beheld  another  beast  coming  up  they  winking  Madonnas,  bleeding  pictures  of 
Silt  of  the  earth,  and  he  had  two  horns  like  a  Christ,  or  the  liquifying  blood  of  St.  Januarius. 
lamb,  and  he  spake  as  a  dragon." — xiii.  11.  (To  be  continued.) 

This  may  either  impljT  that  the  new  Eoman  |  *~*  For  „  The  Friend  .. 

empire,  under  the  popes,  bore  the  emblem  of,  t)„i-   •  „„  tt-  m„   „„j    m„„„+„ 

x  limb  because  of  its  seeming  spiritual  pur-l  RellS10US  ViewS   and   Tenets- 

pose  and  claims,  while  at  heart  it  was  imbued  I  Many,  I  fear,  amongst  us  as  a  people,  are 
svith  the  spirit  of  war  against  all  that  ques-|  hanging  on  the  skirts  of  Society,  and  passin 


nor  see  how  to  perform  his  part.  Neither 
could  the  animal  or  vegetable  kingdoms  exist 
without  it.  But  the  earth,  and  the  things  of 
earth,  soon  became  corrupt.  Sin  entered  into 
the  world,  and  mingled  itself  with  the  good. 
The  ground  was  cursed  for  man's  sake.  He  by 
disobedience  lost  his  right  to  the  tree  of  life- 
lost  the  heavenly  enjoyment — lost  the  happy 
privilege  of  partaking  of  heavenly  food  in  its 
unmixed  purity.  Thorns  also  now  and  thistles, 
in  addition  to  the  good,  it  was  to  bring  forth 
to  man,  and  he  was  to  eat  the  herb  of  the 
field.  A  sad  condition  had  now  become  min- 
gled with  the  once  happy  world.  Sin  had 
entered,  and  death  by  sin.  But  a  restoring 
remedy  was  in  mercy  provided.  The  com- 
passionate Saviour,  seeing  our  unhappy  state, 
came  into  our  sinful  world  to  seek  and  to 
save  that  which  was  lost;  and  restore  us  to 
righteousness  and  true  holiness — dying  that 
we  might  live.  And  He  says,  "Behold  I 
make  all  things  new."  The  old  creation  was 
outward,  visible  and  perishable  ;  but  the  new 
is  inward,  invisible  and  immortal — making 
us  new  creatures  spiritually  in  Christ  Jesus. 
And  as  outward  light  was  first  in  the  old 
creation,  so  inward  and  spiritual  light  is 
first  in  the  new.  And  the  same  God  that 
commanded  the  light  to  shine  out  of  darkness 
in  the  old  creation,  now  shines  in  our  dark 
hearts,  to  give  us  the  light  of  the  knowledge 
of  his  glory,  in  the  appearance  of  his  Son, 
whom  He  hath  set  for  a  light  to  the  Gentiles, 
and  all  that  will  receive  Him ;  and  to  be  for 
salvation  to  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth. 
And  this  saving  and  universal  light  is  also 
given  to  show  us  the  necessity  of  a  change  of 
heart,  and  of  our  being  turned  from  darkness 
to  light ;  and  from  the  power  of  Satan,  that 
we  are  now  under  in  the  fall,  to  the  power  of 
God,  that  we  have  fallen  from.  We  have  the 
power  of  God,  and  we  have  the  power  of  man 
before  us;  or  the  power  of  the  prince  of  this 
world,  which  ever  since  the  fall  has  ruled  and 
reigned  in  the  hearts  of  the  children  of  dis- 
obedience. And  we  have  the  privilege  to 
choose  for  ourselves  as  to  which  of  these 
powers  we  will  be  governed  by,  whether  the 
power  of  evil  unto  spiritual  death  ;  or  the 
power  of  righteousness  unto  spiritual  life. 
And  we  become  servants  unto  whichsoever 


tioned  its  exclusive  right  to  dominion  over  ^ilong  under  our  name  without  even  the  form, 
the  souls  of  men,  when  it  spake  as  a  dragon,  [because  it  is  honorable;  saying  in  effect,  we 
Or  it  may,  and  with  show  of  justice,  refer  to;  will  eat  our  own  bread  and  wear  our  own  ap- 
the  later  rise  of  the  Jesuits,  who,  under  the  pare),  only  let  us  be  called  bj-  the  name  of 
name  of  Jesus,  the  Lamb  of  God,  aimed  to  Friends,  to  take  away  reproach.  Thus  pro- 
set  up  another  dominion— another  empire—  fession  is  taking  the  place  of  reality,  in  manj 
that  shall  rule  in  the  sotds  of  men  as  did  the  localities;  and  standing  in  dignified  splendor 
former  empire  over  their  property  and  lives.*  j  where  once  the  vital  substance  presided.    But 

However  this  may  be,  "  he  exerciseth  all  now  profession  is  substituted  for  Quakerism 
the  power  of  the  first  beast  before  him,  and  and  an  outside  show  in  going  to  meetings 

?auseth  the  earth  and  them  that  dwell  there-  &c.,  is  kept  up  in  the  form  of  godliness,  after I  we  yield  ourselves  servants  to  obey.  And  as 
3n  to  worship  the  first  beast  whose  deadly  the  power  and  light  which  we  have  turned  |We  obe}'  the  teachings  of  the  grace  of  God,  or 
wound  was  healed."  'away  from,  have,  in  a  great  measure  left  us,  the  law  of  the  Spirit  of  life,  we  are  set  free 
land  we  are  wandering  about  under  the  leader-  from  the  law  of  sin  and  death,  and  may  go  on 

*  [Elizabeth  Webb,  one  of  the  early  ministers  in  the  ship  of  false  and  delusive  pilots,  as  on  the  '  to  perfection,  our  salvation  being  nearer  than 
Society  of  Friends,  believed  it  her  duty  to  write  some  movmtains  of  Gilboa,  where  many  who  once  [when  we  only  believed.  Belief  is  good  :  but 
t^t^Z^^^X^'^^:.  stood  amongst  our  divinely  anointed  ones \0  practical!.?  carry  it  out  unto  salvation  is 
In  the  13th  vol.  of  Friends'  Library  there  is  published  have  been  slain  ;  and  "  the  shield  vilely  cast '  far  better.  So  here  is  the  secret  of  that  sal- 
i  letter  written  by  her,  in  1712,  to  Anthony  William  away  as  though  it  had  not  been  anointed."  i  vation  which  we  all  want.  It  is  not  so  much 
Boehm,  which  gives  some  account  of  the  religious  exer-;  And  now  it  isTsorrowfulIy  to  be  feared,  that 'in  knowing  the  will  of  God  and  talking  about 
cises  through  which  she  had  .passed,  she  appears  to  |evon  tue  candlestick,  with  some,  is  removed  it,  as  it  is  in  doing  it,  "  Blessed  are  they  that 
Dave  been  a  woman  ol  much  intellectual  force  o  I  char-        .     c-.       i  u   „  *i         u    _     a~    ■    i  *i,„l  *    .  •  i  ±    »  «         ri  ■         *.  u 

acter,  as  well  as  of  religious  experience  Her  comments  °«t  of  its  place,  because  they  have  denied  the  ■<*<>  his  commandments,"  &c.  It  is  not  so  much 
on   the  Revelations  contain   many  valuable  remarks,  light,  and  left  their  first  love.  jin  the  head,  as  in  the  heart.     JST ot  SO  much  in 


tending  to  direct  the  attention  of  her  readers  to  the 
spiritual  work  of  Christ  in  their  own  hearts — a  view  of 
the  subject  which  seems  to  have  been  uppermost  in  her 
thoughts. 

In  reference  to  the  bead  of  the  beast  which  was  healed 
of  its  deadly  wound,  she  says  :  "This  wound  was  given 
him  by  the  glorious  Light  of  the  Gospel  after  the  re- 
surrection and  ascension  of  Jesus  Christ,  it  being  spread 
among  the  Gentiles,  even  until  Constantine  the  Em- 
peror received  the  Christian  faith,  and  so  an  end  was 
put  to  that  persecuting  power  thereby  for  some  time; 
but  the  healing  of  his  wound  was  by  the  apostatizing 
of  the  Christians  and  the  arising  of  anti-Christ,  for 
tlien  the  false  church  had  dominion  and  was  upheld  by 
worldly  power ;  and  a  persecuting  spirit  soon  got  the 
upper  hand,  and  that  pleased  the  dragon  and  healed 
his  instruments." 


In  the  outward  creation  light  was  the  first  theorv,  as  in  practice.  We  must  follow  our 
thing  spoken  into  existence.  It  was  the  most  heavenly  Light  and  Leader  through  the  nar- 
esseiitial.  Man  without  it  could  not  see  the  j  row  path  of  self-denial,  until  we,  through 
wonderful  works  of  God  in  theoutward  world  ;  faith,  and  a  patient  continuance  in  well-doing, 
inherit  the  promises,  and  find  that  rest  which 

*  Papal  Rome  '.'  is  charged  by  history  with  falsehood  stm  remains  for  trje  people  of  God.  Eemem- 
t  he  most  unblushing,  frauds  and  forgeries   the  most  in-    ,        .          .,  ,      ..      .    .'     .  \,  _,    .„..,■    ±   -u„ 

decent,  and  impostures  the  vilest."  It  is  charged  bv  Bering  though,  that  it  IS  through  much  tr.bu- 
historyand  stands  convicted  before  all  eyes,  as  the  grea't  lation  that  WO  enter  the  kingdom  Of  heaven, 
enemy  to  human  liberty  and  progress."  *  *  "Science,  But  take  notice,  that  the  old  Creation  was  not 
literature,  a  free  press,  free  conscience  and  the  Bible  brought  about  instantaneously,  nor  in  a  day, 
being  alike  forbidden,  the  system  stands  condemned  by  [but  b  proper  gradations  according  to  the 
l^Y^  -  with  the  new  creation 

rights  of  mankind."-  27,-  CaKirnmb*  of  Rome,  by  Benja-  j  m  the  heart  of  man,  until  we  are  new  creatures. 

I  But  old  things  pertaining  to  the  sinful  nature 


Scott,  F.R.A.S.     London,  1873,  p.  117. 


pert 


;{r,< 


THE    FRIEND. 


have  to  first  pass  away,  and  new  things  take 
the  place  until  all  things  are  of  God  ;  and 
hence  no  sin  left,  for  that  is  not  of  God.  And 
it  is  written,  "The  axe  is  laid  unto  the  root 
of  the  trees."  We  have  many  evil  propensities 
which  might  be  compared  to  trees  bearing 
corrupt  fruit  and  that  are  in  the  way  of  our 
entering  the  heavenly  kingdom.  And  the 
axe  is  laid  as  at  the  very  root  of  these  evil 
trees,  that  every  tree  which  bringeth  not 
forth  good  fruit  might  be  hewn  down  and 
cast  into  the  fire.  Now,  while  we  have  bitter- 
ness, or  wrath,  or  anger,  or  malice,  or  any  of 
the  evil  propensities  which  bear  sinful  fruit, 
remaining  in  the  heart,  there  is  something 
yet  for  the  axe  to  do.  So  we  must  continue 
the  warfare  and  go  on  to  perfection.  And 
■when  we  have  passed  through  this  new  crea- 
tion, we  know  something  of  the  sufferings 
and  pangs  of  the  new  birth.  These  are  they 
which  are  washed,  sanctified  and  justified, 
and  are  redeemed  from  all  iniquity.  These 
have  not  become  weary  in  well-doing,  nor 
fainted  by  the  way;  but  have  stood  the  fiery 
trials  that  have  been  divinely  permitted  to 
come  upon  them  ;  and  have  come  up  out  of 
great  tribulations  without  si uking  under  them 
Therefore  they  have  access  to  the  throne  of 
God  ;  and  serve  Him  day  and  night  in  his 
temple  of  the  heart  while  here  below.  Now 
if  we  know  these  things,  happy  are  we  if  we 
do  them.  For  as  many  as  are  led  by  his 
Spirit,  and  do  his  commandments,  advance 
from  glory  to  glory,  even  by  obedience  to  the 
Spirit  of  ihe  Lord.  So  let  us  have  more  faith 
in  the  teachings  of  the  Spirit,  and  less  in  the 
uncertain  teachings  of  man.  For  man  is  only 
to  be  relied  on  while  he  is  under  the  influence 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.  D.  H. 

Dublin,  Ind.,  5th  mo.  26th,  1884. 

Andrias,  the  Converted  Fakir. 

Among  the  oldest  and  most  successful  na- 
tive preachers  in  the  North  India  Mission  is 
one  known  as  Andrias  (Andrew),  who  was 
formerly  a  wandering  fakir  or  "guru," 
devotee  priest.  This  man  was  by  caste  a 
Chumar  shoemaker,  and  by  religion  a  follower 
of  Qabir,  and  his  work  was  to  lead  Chumars 
to  give  up  the  worship  of  idols  and  receive 
Qabir  as  their  great  leader,  and  himself  as 
their  religious  teacher  or  guru.  He  could  not 
read,  but  had  committed  to  memory  a  great 
many  of  the  sayings  of  Qabir,  and  he  would 
sit  by  the  hour  rehearsing  these  teachings  in 
rhyme  to  his  followers,  throwing  in  constantly 
his  own  apt  explanations  and  illustrations, 
For  fourteen  years  he  pursued  this  course  of 
life,  first  as  a  learner  and  then  as  a  "  wise 
guru,"  making  many  disciples  for  himself, 
■who  provided  for  all  his  wants. 

One  day  one  of  his  friends  said  to  him  jest- 
ingly, "  You  teach  the  word  of  Qabir,  and  try 
to  get  us  to  give  up  our  old  religion  and  out 
idols  for  this  your  new  religion  ;  but  there  arc 
other  teachers  down  in  the  market-place 
preaching  yet  another  word,  which  they  saj' 
is  better  than  this,  and  is  to  take  the  place  of 
all  other  religions."  Alter  assuring  his  disci 
pies  that  there  could  lie  no  word  like  that  o 
the  great  guru  Qabir,  he  started  out  deter 
mined  to  hear  the  new  teachers.  Finding  theii 
preaching-place,  he  stood  for  some  time  listen 
ing  attentively,  and  then,  stopping  the  preach 
er,  he  desired  to  ask  two  questions:  "  First,  J 
want  to  know  how  yon  know  these  thin 
Has  any  one  ever  come  from  the  great  '  <1 
beyond'  to  tell  us  of  Him  and  of  these  thi 


of  which  you  speak  so  confidently  ?"  The 
preacher  quietly  told  him  of  One  who  had 
come  on  purpose  to  tell  us  these  things.  The 
fakir  then  commenced  to  repeat  the  names  of 
the  Hindu  deities,  saying,  "Ram  is  dead, 
Krishna  is  dead,  all  are  dead,  and  all  have 
passed  over  to  the  dark  other  side,  and  no  one 
has  ever  returned  to  tell  us  what  is  beyond 
the  veil.  Has  any  one  ever  died  and  lived 
again  to  tell  us  any  of  these  mysteries?" 

The  preacher  again  told  him  of  One  who 
had  conquered  death  and  revealed  the  mys- 
tery hid  from  all  ages.  These  questions  show 
the  inquiring  mind  of  the  man,  and  the  re- 
plies so  astonished  him  that  he  at  once  visited 
the  missionary  and  remained  near  him  for  an 
entire  month  testing  these  new  words.  As 
soon  as  he  was  convinced  that  Jesus  was  the 

al  leader  and  Saviour,  instead  of  Qabir,  it 
came  over  him  like  a  shock  that  all  his  father's 
family,  all  his  own  disciples,  and  all  his  brother- 
hood of  priests  were  on  a  false  foundation  and 
in  danger. 

Hence  he  started  out,  in  the  dawnings  of 
his  first  liacht,  thinking  that  he  could  con- 
vince eveiybody,  and  could  bring  his  entire 
brotherhood  of  priests  to  Jesus  to  be  baptized 
together.  Of  course  he  met  only  persecution, 
was  beaten,  turned  out  of  his  brotherhood  and 
out  of  his  father's  house,  but  became  more  and 
more  decided  in  his  new  faith. 

Andrias  was  not  immediately  employed  as 
a  mission  helper,  but  he  did  begin  to  work  at 
once,  by  visiting  bis  old  disciples  and  friends 
and  introducing  the  preachers  to  them,  so  that 
another  priest  was  soon  converted.  This  new 
convert  was  Prem  Dass,and  these  two  priests, 
as  they  grew  in  Christian  experience,  became 
more  and  more  anxious  to  work  among:  tb 


to  say  to  him,  "  Your  salary  is  in  the  wajj 
give  it  up."  He  at  once  resolved  to  obej'  th 
call,  and  at  the  meeting  of  the  District  Coi 
ferencc  and  camp-meeting  he  made  his  plaj 
known  to  his  brethren,  formally  gave  up 
claim  on  Mission  or  Church  funds,  procure] 
a  skin  such  as  devotees  carry,  and  a  suit 
clothes  of  the  saffron  color  worn  by  devotee] 
and  started  out  again  as  fakir,  but  this  tim 
in  the  name  of  Jesus.  He  goes  among  h 
own  people  as  of  old,  stopping  where  nigh 
finds  him,  and  eating  what  the  people  giv 
him. — C.  W.  Parker,  in  Christian  Advocate. 


An  Easy  Place. — A  lad  once  stepped  int 
our  office  in  search  of  a  situation.  Ho  wa 
asked  : 

"Are  you  not  now  employed?" 

"  Yes,  sir." 

"Then  why  do  wish  to  change?' 

"  O,  I  want  an  easier  place." 

We  had  not  a  place  for  him.  No  one  want 
a  boy  or  man  who  is  seeking  an  easy  place 
yet  just  here  is  the  difficulty  with  thousands 
They  want  easy  work,  and  are  afraid  of  earr 
ing  more  than  their  wages. 

They  have  strength  enough  to  be  out  lat 
nights,  to  indulge  in  vices  and  habits  whic 
debilitate  them  ;  they  have  strength  enoug 
to  waste  on  wine  or  beer  or  tobacco,  all  c 
which  leave  them  weaker  than  before;  the; 
have  strength  enough  to  run  and  leap  am 
wrestle,  but  they  think  they  have  not  th 
strength  to  do  hard  work. 

Will  the  boys  let  us  advise  them  ?  Go  i 
for  the  hard  places;  bend  yourselves  to  th 
task  of  showing  how  much  you  can  do.  Mak 
3'ourself  serviceable  to  your  employer,  at  what 
, '  ever  cost  of  your  own  personal  ease  ;  and 
you  do  this  he  will  soon  find  that  he  canno 
'  Bl- 


own followers.     Andrias  said  that  his  dL_. 

pies  had  held  him  in  such  reverence  that  they  8Pare  you-  and  when  y°u  have  learned  ho\ 
had  often  in  the  past,  as  he  came  to  their  t0  do  w01"k  you  ma7  be  8et  to  teach  others 
homes  at  night  after  a  day's  wanderings,  and  so,  when  the  easy  places  are  to  be  bat 
washed  his  feet  and  drank  the  water  in  which  they  wlU  be  J'01"'8-  Llfe  ls  toilsome  at  bes 
his  feet  were  washed,  as  something  made.*0  most  of  us,  but  the  easy  places  are  at  th. 
sacred  and  holy,  and  he  believed  that  those  end>  n°t  at  the  beginning,  of  life's  course 
people  would  listen  to  him  now,  though  he  Tbey  are  to  be  won,  not  accepted  ;  and  a  mm, 
told  them  of  Christ  and  not  of  Qabir.  Hence  who  ia  bound  to  have  an  eas.r  Plaee  now  ma3: 
his  one  request  in  the  beginning  was  that  he  as  wel1  understand  that  the  grave  is  about  tht 
be  sent  only  among  bis  own  people,  and  among  only  cas3*  Pla('c  within  the  reach  of  lazy  peo 


these  his  great  work  has  been 

More  than  twenty  years  have  passed  since 
this  work  commenced,  and  good  Prem  Dass, 
the  second  priest  converted,  after  leading 
many  to  Jesus,  has  gone  to  his  reward.  An- 
drias still  continues  his  work  among  his  own 
people,  and  much  has  been  accomplished. 
Some  ten  or  twelve  native  preachers  have 
been  raised  up,  a  number  of  little  churches 
and  classes  have  been  established,  and  a  gen- 
eral spirit  of  inquiry  has  spread  all  through 
his  class  of  people  in  many  places.  In  the 
Rohilcund  District  there  are  some  500,000  of 
this  caste,  and  when  Andrias  was  converted 
probably  no  man  of  the  entire  class  could  read 
or  write,  as  this  class  never  had  schools. 
These  converted  priests  learned  to  read,  and 
thejT  taught  one  boy,  and  then  another,  and 
these  in  turn  became  teachers,  so  that  a  very 
interesting  school  work  has  also  grown  up 
among  these  inquiring  people,  directly  or  in- 
directly the  result  of  Andrias's  work. 

Another  phase  of  this  remarkable  man's 
history  is  of  interest.  When  he  was  placed 
on  the  mission  list  of  helpers  a  small  salary 
was  allowed  him  for  his  support. 

One  day  during  the  past  year,  as  he  was 
praying  alone  in  the  field,  Cod's  voice  seemed 


pie.—  The  Little  Christian. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Companionship  of  Coyote  and  Badger. — "] 
have  occasionally  heard  '  cow  boys'  and  others 
in  Wyoming  Territory  speak  of  the  existence 
of  intimate  social  relations  between  the  coj-ote 
and  the  badger.  During  last  season,  I  was 
engaged  in  making  geological  observations 
about  fifteen  miles  east  of  the  Beaver  river; 
in  Wyoming  Territory.  Sitting  on  a  lofty 
butte,  examining  some  fossils,  I  saw,  several 
hundred  feet  below  me,  a  coyote  and  badgoi 
walking  together,  and  every  few  minutes 
stopping  and  playing.  The  coyote  would  gc 
in  front  of  the  badger,  lay  its  head  on  the 
latter's  neck,  lick  it,  jump  into  the  air,  and 
give  other  expressions  of  unmistakable  joy 
Its  antics  with  the  badger  were  very  much 
like  that  of  a  young  dog  playing  with  anothei 
pup.  The  badger  seemed  equally  well  pleased 
This  playing. and  fondling  of  each  other  was 
kept  up  for  over  half  an  hour,  and  until  thej 
disappeared  round  the  end  of  a  butte  near  by.' 
— Samuel  Aughey  in  American  Naturalist. 

i  Poking  of  l'<>'t,tf<>rx. — W.  M.  Williams  in  his 
articles  on  the  Chemistry  of  Cooking,  recon* 
mends  their  being  cooked  before  the  removal 


THE    FRIEND. 


359 


f  the  skins.  The  potato  contains  a  small 
iortion  of  potash  which  is  an  important  con- 
tituent  of  the  blood — so  important  that  in 
Jorway,  where  scurvy  once  prevailed  very 
eriously,  it  has  been  banished  since  the  in- 
reduction  of  the  potato,  owing  to  the  use  of 
bis  vegetable  by  a  people  who  formerly  were 
nsuffieiently  supplied  with  saline  vegetable 
aod.  The  skin  of  the  potato  resists  the  re- 
loval  of  the  potash  during  boiling.  In  Ire- 
md  the  potato  is  never  peeled  before  boiling, 
s  the  Irish  peasant  depends  upon  it  for  nearly 
11  his  sustenance.  Those  who  eat  an  abund- 
nce  of  fruit,  salads  and  other  vegetables  sup- 
lying  potash,  may  peel  their  potatoes  before 
ooking,  if  they  choose. 

The  common  notion  of  the  cheapness  of  the 
otato  as  an  article  of  food  is  a  fallacy.  It  is 
hree-fourths  water,  and  contains  but  about 
ne-third  the  nourishment  of  the  same  weight 
f  wheat.  The  bulk  that  has  to  be  eaten  in 
rder  to  sustain  life  in  those  feeding  almost 
xelusively  on  it,  renders  the  potato-feeder 
nfit  for  vigorous  mental  or  moral  exertion. 

Novel  Sheathing. — An  Italian  ship  has  been 
heathed  with  glass  instead  of  copper.  The 
lates  are  cast  like  iron  plates  to  tit  the  hull 
f  the  vessel,  and  are  made  water  tight  by  a 
ement.  It  is  supposed  that  they  will  not  be 
able  to  be  oxidized,  nor  to  become  incrusted 
nth  barnacles. 

Poisons  Developed  in  the  Body. — Dr.  B.  W. 
nchardson  states  that  several  of  the  organic 
oisons  produce  symptoms  similar  to  those 
hat  attend  certain  forms  of  disease.  For 
Sample.,  lactic  acid,  when  introduced  into 
he  blood,  irritates  the  lining  membrane  of 
he  heart,  and  the  fibrous  membranes  in  other 
iarts  of  the  body.  This  acid  is  produced  in 
he  system  during  rheumatic  fever  ;  and  many 
f  the  phenomena  attending  that  disease  take 
he  same  form  as  those  produced  by  the  acid, 
lence  he  infers  that  it  is  probable  that  this 
ubstanceis  the  cause  of  the  secondary  structu- 
al  affections  which  so  frequently  follow  acute 
Eeumatism.  He  regards  it  as  probable  that 
ither  organic  poisons  may  be  produced  in  the 
iody,  under  the  influence  of  diseased  action, 
pinch  may  be  the  cause  of  some  of  the  symp- 
oms  observed. 

The  Myxine. — This  curious  fish  so  much 
esemblcs  a  worm  that  it  was  classed  among 
hem  by  several  authors.  It  has  a  custom  of 
;etting  inside  of  cod  and  similar  fishes  and 
mtireiy  consuming  the  interior,  leaving  only 
he  skin  and  skeleton  remaining.  The  tisher- 
nen  have  reason  to  dislike  it,  for  it  takes  ad- 
rantage  of  the  helpless  condition  of  the  fish 
vhen  hanging  on  the  hooks  of  his  lines,  to 
uake  its  way  into  the  interior.  Cod  thus 
lollowed  out  are  technically  called  "robbed" 
ish.  Six  Myxines  have  been  found  within 
!he  body  of  a  single  haddock.  Its  length  is 
rom  a  foot  to  fifteen  inches.  It  has  the 
tower  of  pouring  out  an  enormous  amount  of 
bucus  secretion  from  a  double  row  of  aper- 
lures  set  along  the  whole  of  the  under  surface, 
vhence  it  derives  the  name  of  the  Glutinous 
log-fish.  When  cruising  in  the  Straits  of 
lagellan,  one  of  the  seamen  on  the  Alert 
aught  a  specimen  of  this  fish  which  had  come 
p  on  his  fishing  line,  not   attached   to  the 

ook,  but  adhering  to  the  line  by  its  viscid 
ecretion. 


Vicksburg,  received  replies  from  the  different  Pres- 
byteries adopting,  by  a  vote  of  43  in  favor  to  10  op- 
posed, the  proposition  to  strike  out  of  the  Confession 
of  Faith  the  words  prohibiting  marriage  with  a  de- 
ceased wife's  sister. 

— Enforcing  Discipline.  —  At  the  General  Con- 
ference of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion 
Church  in  Xew  York,  one  of  the  bishops  who  was 
accused  of  buying  and  using  intoxicating  liquors 
and  refusing  to  pay  for  them,  was  deprived  of  his  I 
episcopal  authority,  and  his  case  referred  to  the 
Kentucky  Conference  for  trial. 

— Methodist  General  Conference. — At  the  meeting 
of  this  body  in  Philadelphia,  four  new  bishops  were 
elected.  As  this  office  is  for  life,  and  is  one  of  great 
power,  much  interest  was  manifested  in  the  result. 
Among  the  Methodists,  Bishops  are  not  regarded  as 
a  separate  order,  but  simply  as  Elders. 

A  warm  debate  arose  on  the  question  whether 
women  should  be  licensed  to  preach.  The  ground 
taken  by  one  who  opposed  such  licenses,  was,  that 
a  license  necessarily  involved  some  restriction,  and 
he  was  in  favor  of  the  largest  possible  liberty.  A 
report  disapproving  of  licensing  women  was  finally 
adopted. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  that  "Color  is  no  bar 
to  any  right  or  privilege  of  office  or  membership  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church." 

— Austrian  Lottery. — In  some  parts  of  Europe 
lotteries  are  still  used  by  the  governments  as  a 
means  of  revenue.  In  the  Austrian  House  of  Depu- 
ties, one  of  the  members  named  Roser,  brought  the 
subject  to  notice  for  the  twentieth  time.  In  his 
speech  he  gave  examples  of  persons  who  had  been 
ruined  by  lotteries,  and  remarked,  "  When  the  State 
sets  itself  to  drawing  profit  from  the  levity,  the  cre- 
dulity and  the  narrow  intellect  of  its  citizens,  it  goes 
unpunished,  while  the  private  man  who  tries  such 
a  thing  is  condemned  and  imprisoned."  It  is  to  be 
hoped  his  persevering  efforts  may  ultimately  be 
crowned  with  success. 


THE    FRIEND. 


SIXTH  MOSTH  14,  18S4. 


Items. 

Marrying  a  deceased  wife's  sister. — The  Southern 
'resbyterian  Church,  at  its  General  Assembly  in 'are. 


A  valued  correspondent  has  furnished  us 
with  an  article  entitled  "  Roman  Notes  on  the 
Fulfilment  of  Prophecy ,"  in  which  he  repro- 
duces the  remarkable  conjectures  made  by 
J.  Fleming  about  the  year  1700,  as  to  the  oc- 
currence of  the  French  Revolution,  which 
took  place  in  1793,  and  the  downfall  of  Papal 
power  in  1848,  &c.  That  those  events  should 
have  occurred  almost  precisely  at  the  times 
suggested  by  Fleming,  and  many  years  after, 
is  a  striking  circumstance ;  and  gives  some 
probability  to  the  supposition  that  he  may 
have  reasoned  on  correct  principles  in  draw- 
ing these  inferences  from  the  language  of  the 
book  of  "  Revelations." 

The  different  portions  of  the  Revelations, 
as  well  as  of  the  prophecies  contained  in  other 
parts  of  the  Scriptures,  may  refer  to  events 
widely  separated  in  point  of  time — of  which 
some  may  have  passed,  and  others  may  be 
yet  in  the  future.  Many  of  these  predictions 
have  a  spiritual  significance,  which  may  at 
times  be  opened  to  the  mind  of  the  bumble 
follower  of  Christ,  to  his  comfort  and  instruc- 
tion— as  we  believe  has  been  the  experience 
of  many.  Those  who  are  thus  favored  with 
an  insight  into  the  mysteries  of  the  kingdom, 
and  enabled  to  partake  of  that  river  whose 
streams  water  the  whole  heritage  of  God,  w" 
regard  as  of  secondary  importance  discussions 
on  the  outward  events  to  which  the  inspired 
writers  may  be  supposed  to  refer.  Yet  th 
facts  and  information  contained  in  the  article 
themselves,  sufficiently  curious  and 


interesting  to  lay  before  our  readers,  though 
we  do  not  wish  to  be  regarded  as  endorsing 
the  views  and  theories  of  the  writer. 

We  were  glad  to  notice  in  one  of  the  foot- 
notes, that  our  friend  does  not  limit  his  idea 
of  anti-Christ  to  the  Papal  sj-stern,  but  ex- 
tends it  to  whatever  withdraws  our  worship 
from  the  one  Supreme  Object  of  adoration. 
We  have  no  doubt  there  are  many  good  men 
n  various  parts  of  the  world,  connected  with 
the  Church  of  Rome,  and  with  other  systems 
of  belief  in  which  are  many  errors,  who, 
through  simple  obedience  to  the  Spirit  of 
Christ  in  their  own  hearts — the  Light  which 
lighteth  every  man  who  cometh  into  the 
world — are  being  led  in  the  way  of  salvation; 
but  whose  understandings  are  more  or  less 
clouded  by  the  mists  of  spiritual  darkness 
which  surround  them.  While  we  desire  to  be 
clothed  with  a  spirit  of  charity  with  respect 
to  all  mankind,  and  to  recognize  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Grace  of  God.  which  hath  ap- 
peared to  all  men,  wherever  its  teachings  are 
made  manifest  by  the  fruits  it  produces  in  all 
who  yield  themselves  to  its  government ;  we 
can  unite  in  the  reprobation  of  every  thing 
which  leads  us  to  depend  for  salvation  on  any 
man  or  set  of  men;  which  substitutes  any  one 
as  a  priest  in  the  place  of  our  Saviour,  who 
only  is  the  Priest  of  his  people  under  the 
Gospel  dispensation  ;  or  which  would  place 
man's  trust  on  any  outward  rites  or  perform- 
ances, or  on  any  thing  which  he  can  do  by 
bis  own  natural  powers  unassisted  by  Grace, 
as  a  means  of  procuring  Divine  favor  and  for- 
giveness. 

We  have  received  from  "  Friends'  Book 
Association,"  No.  1020  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia, 
a  copy  of  a  small  book  containing  a  biographi- 
cal sketch  of  Benjamin  Banneker,  the  Afric- 
American  astronomer. 

His  grandfather  was  an  African  prince, 
captured  and  brought  to  this  country  as  a 
slave,  and  sold  in  1G92  to  Molly  Welsh,  an 
Englishwoman,  residing  on  the  Palapseo  river 
in  Maryland,  who  had  herself  been  trans- 
ported from  her  native  land  some  years  be- 
fore, for  the  supposed  offence  of  stealing  a 
bucket  of  milk  which  the  cow  bad  kicked 
over.  After  a  few  years  of  servitude,  she  re- 
leased him  from  slavery  and  married  him. 
One  of  their  children,  Mary  Banneker,  mar- 
ried a  native  African,  purchased  from  a  slave 
ship  by  a  planter  living  near  her  parents,  but 
who  at  the  time  of  their  marriage  was  a  free 
man.  Benjamin  Banneker,  their  son,  was 
born  in  1731.  He  was  a  prudent,  industrious 
farmer,  but  very  fond  of  study  and  reading, 
and  possessed  of  much  mechanical  ingenuity. 
Without  ever  having  seen  any  time-pieces, 
excepting  a  sun-dial  and  a  watch,  he  made  for 
himself  a  clock,  cutting  the  works  out  of  bard 
wood  with  his  knife.  It  struck  the  hour,  was 
an  admirable  time  keeper,  and  continued  run- 
ning for  many  years. 

When  he  was  about  40  years  of  age,  the 
Ellicott  family  removed  from  Pennsylvania 
and  settled  in  the  neighborhood.  They  were 
persons  of  energy  and  intelligence,  and  a 
warm  feeling  of  interest  grew  up  between 
Benjamin  and  one  of  the  younger  Ellicotts. 
At  this  time  his  attention  was  first  turned  to 
the  study  of  astronomy.  He  often  passed 
the  night,  wrapped  in  his  cloak  and  lying 
prostrate  on  the  ground,  in  contemplation  of 
the  heavenly  bodies. 

In  1790  he  was  engaged  as  an  assistant  to 


360 


THE    FRIEND. 


Major  Ellicott,  in  running  the  lines  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  in  locating  the  sites 
of  the  principal  public  buildings.  The  next 
year  he  completed  the  calculations  for  an 
almanac  for  the  Middle  States,  which  was 
published  the  following  year.  A  manuscript 
copy  of  this,  accompanied  by  a  letter  was 
sent  to  Thomas  Jefferson,  then  Secretary  of 
State,  and  by  him  forwarded  to  the  Academy 
of  Sciences  at  Paris. 

He  continued  his  almanac  calculation  for 
a  number  of  years;  and  often  amused  himself 
with  the  solution  of  abstruse  arithmetical 
questions,  in  which  he  took  much  interest. 
He  was  a  frequent  attender  of  the  meeting  of 
Friends  at  Ellicott's  Mills, — preferring  their 
principles  and  mode  of  worship  to  any  other. 

The  book  is  a  plain  and  simple,  but  inter- 
esting narrative  of  such  facts  as  could  be  col- 
lected respecting  this  sable  astronomer  and 
worthy  man. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States. — In  the  House  of  Representatives 
on  the  4th  instant,  during  the  debate  on  the  bill  forfeit- 
ing the  lands  granted  to  the  California  and  Oregon 
Railroad  Company,  except  such  as  were  granted  for  the 
portion  of  the  road  which  was  completed  by  7th  mo. 
1st,  18S0,  Representative  Cobb,  of  Indiana,  asserted 
that  "railroad  lobbyists  beset  members  with  arguments 
in  opposition  to  the  forfeiture  bills,"  and  added  that 
"  he  had  no  doubt  that,  had  he  so  desired,  he  could 
have  secured  tl, 000,000  for  committing  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands  to  a  non-forfeiture  policy." 

The  River  and  Harbor  bill  now  under  consideration 
in  the  House,  appropriated  for  135  rivers,  §7,684,000  ; 
104  harbors,  $3,812,100;  12  channels  and  inlets,  $390,- 
000;  five  ice  harbors,  $01,000;  four  breakwaters,  $165,- 
000;  one  canal,  f 300,000;  four  special  surveys,  $57,000; 
examinations,  surveys  and  contingencies,  $125,000: — 
Total  amount  recommended,  $12,019,100. 

Noah  H.  Swayne,  lately  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  "the  United  Stales,  died  on  the  Sth  inst. 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  80 
years  of  age. 

On  the  0th  instant,  the  National  Republican  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago,  nominated  James  G.  Blaine,  of  Maine, 
for  President,  and  John  A.  Logan,  of  Illinois,  for  Vice 
President.  Blaine's  nomination  was  effected  on  the 
fourth  ballot.  Both  nominations  are  received  with 
much  favor  by  Republicans  generally,  but  the  New 
York  Times,  New  York  Erening  Post  and  Boston  Ad- 
vertiser, which  are  among  the  leading  Republican  news- 
papers of  the  United  States,  refuse  to  support  Blaine's 
candidacy  for  President,  and  predict  that  he  will  be  de- 
feated at  the  polls.  The  Brooklyn  Union  denounces 
Blaine's  nomination,  and  says  that  "to  the  men  who 
have  nominated  him  will  be  left  the  task  of  electing 
him." 

Walla  Walla,  Washington  Territory,  has  a  municipal 
ordinance,  which  is  strictly  enforced,  prohibiting  any 
boy  or  girl  who  is  under  fourteen  years  of  age  from 
being  out  alone  after  dark.  A  child  sent  for  a  physi- 
cian must  be  given  a  permit  to  do  so.  No  tobacconist 
can  sell  tobacco  or  cigarettes  to  children  less  than  four- 
teen years  of  age,  and  liquor  selling  on  the  first  day  of 
the  week  is  punished  by  twenty-eight  dollars  fine  for 
each  offence. 

Governor  Cleveland,  of  New  York,  has  signed  the 
bills  to  prevent  the  sale  of  immoral  newspapers,  and 
providing  for  a  commission  to  inquire  into  the  condi- 
tion of  the  tenement  houses  in  New  York  City. 

The  Boston  Police  Commissioners  have  instructed 
the  police  of  that  city  to  enter  licensed  liquor  saloons 
at  any  and  all  times,  for  the  purpose  of  observing 
whether  the  stipulations  of  the  license  are  being  car- 
ried out. 

The  Chief  of  the  Police  of  this  city  says,  that  for  two 
months  past  special  officers  have  been  detailed  every 
First-day  to  take  the  names  of  saloon  keepers  who  vio- 
lated the  law  by  selling  liquor  on  that  day.  The  work 
is  about  completed  now.  No  definite  time  has  been 
decided  upon  for  beginning  prosecutions. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  354, 
which  was  12  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
16  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing,  187  were  males  and  107  females:  57 
died  of  consumption;  28  of  diseases  of  the  heart  and 
pericardium  ;  22  of  convulsions;  15  of  old  age;  14  of 
pneumonia;  14  of  scarlet  fever,  and  16  of  marasmus. 


Markets,  tfcc— U.  S.  4}'s,  111J  ;  4's,  registered,  119}  ; 
coupon,  120J  ;  3's,  101 ;  currency  6's,  123  a  130. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  11-J-  a  12|  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  8  cts.  for  export,  and  9 
cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  moved  slowly  at  former  rates.  Sales  of  1901 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  bakers,  at  $4.25  a  $5.50 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4.75;  western  do.  at 
$5  a  $5.00,  and  patents  at  15.75  a  $6.50.  Rye  flour 
was  dull  at  $3.50  a  $3.02.1  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  unsettled  :  6000  bushels  red  sold 
in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.10  a  $1.12;  a  choice  lot 
at  $1.13;  No.  2  at  $1.03}  a  $1.10  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware ;  and  No.  3  red  at  94  cts.  per  bushel, 
and  No.  2  red  at  $1.03  a  $1.04  6th  mo.,  $1.04  a  $1.04} 
7th  mo.,  $1.03|  a  $1,031  3th  mo.,  and  $1.04  a  $1.05 
9th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  firm  :  8500  bushels  sold 
in  lots  at  62  a  64  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
prime  yellow;  61  a  02  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer; 
and  sail  mixed  at  61|  a  62|  cts.  6th  mo.,  61}  a  61  %  cts. 
7th  mo.,  62$  a  63  cts.  8th  mo.,  and  63}  a  64}  cts.  9th 
mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  unchanged :  9500  bushels 
sold  in  lots  at  37  a  40  cts.  per  bushel,  according  to 
quality,  and  10,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  39  a  39}  cts. 
0th  mo.,  39}  a  39|  cts.  7th  mo.,  37J  a  39  cts.  8th  mo., 
and  30£  a  37$  cts.  9th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots  at  70  cts. 
per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  6th 
mo.  7th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  413;  loads  of  straw,  57. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1.00  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  75  a  90  cts. ;  straw,  95  cts.  a 
§1.05. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand,  but  prices  were  a 
fraction  lower:  2400  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dif- 
ferent yards  at  5}  a  7}  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  lower  :  10,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  2}  a  6  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition,  and  lambs 
at  5  a  9]  cts.,  per  lb. 

Hogs  were  dull :  5600  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the 
different  yards  at  7}  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  according  to 
quality. 

Foreign. — The  Irish  Executive  has  written  a  letter 
to  Lord  Arthur  Hill,  explaining  the  policy  adopted  by 
the  Government  in  regard  to  public  meetings  and  de- 
monstrations. The  letter  states  that  the  Government 
has  decided  in  future  not  to  permit  counter  demonstra- 
tions on  the  part  of  the  Orangemen  to  be  held  at  the 
same  time  and  place  as  Nationalist  meetings.  It  will 
not  interfere  with  such  counter  demonstrations,  how- 
ever, provided  they  are  held  at  such  times  and  places 
as  will  not  bring  hostile  bodies  into  collision.  The 
policy  of  the  Government  is  to  maintain  the  right  of 
public  meeting,  and  to  preserve  the  public  peace.  A 
number  of  Orangemen,  who  were  to  have  started  from 
England  for  Newry,  were  stopped  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Orange  Society,  owing  to  Earl  Spencer's  proclama- 
tion. 

A  Nationalist  meeting  was  held  at  Newry,  Ireland, 
on  the  Sth  inst.,  the  Nationalists  erected  green  arches 
in  various  parts  of  the  town,  during  the  forenoon,  and 
paraded  the  streets  with  bands  and  banners.  O'Brien 
and  Sullivan,  members  of  Parliament,  were  present.  A 
procession  was  formed  and  proceeded  through  the  prin- 
cipal streets.  A  meeting  was  held  in  a  field  outside  of 
the  town,  and  the  usual  resolutions  were  adopted.  On 
the  return  of  the  Nationalists  from  the  meeting  they 
threw  stones,  and  when  the  procession  reached  the  Pro- 
testant quarter  of  the  town  the  Protestants  retaliated. 
The  police  finally  separated  the  combatants.  When 
the  Nationalists  arrived  opposite  Orange  Hall  they 
threw  stones  at  the  building  and  broke  the  windows. 
Several  shots  were  fired.  The  police  and  troops  then 
interfered,  and  four  Nationalists  and  seven  Orangemen 
were  arrested,  the  latter  in  Orange  Hall  whence,  it  is 
stated,  the  shots  were  fired.  Many  persons  were  in- 
jured in  the  affray. 

The  London  Stainhinl,  discussing  the  outlook  in 
Morocco,  says:  English  interest  in  French  intrigues  in 
Morocco  is  constantly  increasing.  Morocco  commands 
the  entrance  to  the  Mediterranean  from  the  Atlantic. 
It  is  a  matter  of  great  concern  to  England,  as  the  mas- 
ter of  India,  who  holds  Morocco  as  much  as  who  holds 
the  Suez  Canal. 

King  John,  of  Abyssinia,  has  accepted  the  treaty  pre- 
pared by  Admiral  Hewett. 

The  Cologne  Gazette  says  that  England  has  advanced 
to  the  Egyptian  Government  the  sum-of  £8,000,000  to 
balance  the  budget. 

The  London  police  are  sparing  no  efforts  in  their  en- 
deavor to  discover  the  persons  who  caused  the  recent 
explosions  in  London.  They  have  found  out  that  cer- 
tain men  are  residing  in  London  who  it  had  been  sup- 


posed had  lied  to  America,  Australia  or  France.  Sort  I 
of  these  are  believed  to  have  been  implicated  in  tit 
Phcenix  Park  murders.  It  is  probable  that  arrests  wi 
be  made.  The  English  Government  has  drawn  the  a 
tendon  of  the  French  authorities  to  the  immunity  eil 
joyed  by  dynamiters  in  Paris  in  laying  plans  and  mal 
ing  preparations  for  outrages. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  9th  inst.,  Earl  Grail 
ville,  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  said  that  he  ' 
unable  to  make  any  statement  at  present  concerning  till 
negotiations  with  France.  He  asserted,  however,  th; 
these  negotiations  were  continuing  to  make  great  pnj 
gress,  and  that  nothing  would  be  done  to  bind  Englanc 
lie  hoped  to  be  able  to  make  a  statement  next  week. 

The  new  treaty  between  France  and  Annam  has  bee 
signed.  By  its  terms  the  Provinces  of  Biu-Thuan  an 
Thou-goa  are  restored  to  Annam.  A  customs  systei  j 
similar  to  that  in  force  in  Cochin-China  is  establishec 
A  French  military  occupation  of  all  strategic  points  ii 
Annam  and  Tonquin  may  be  effected  if  necessary.  J 
permanent  French  garrison  will  hold  a  portion  of  th 
citadel  of  Hue,  the  capital  of  Annam. 

A  Berlin  despatch  in  the  Tagblalt  states  that  the  Gei 
man  Government  has  sent  a  communication  to  th 
French  Government  in  regard  to  the  commercial  stipu 
lations  of  the  Tien-Tsin  Treaty.  It  congratulates  Franc 
on  her  military  successes,  but  objects  to  her  comme 
policy  in  closing  certain  Chinese  provinces  to  genera 
trade.  The  Tayblatt  adds  that  the  French  policy  in  th. 
East  has  provoked  the  drafting  of  a  new  customs  law 
which  has  been  presented  to  the  Reichstag,  increasini 
the  duties  on  French  articles  exported  to  Germany. 

Louis  Pasteur,  the  great  French  Chemist  and  Sci 
entist,  proposes  to  lake  from  his  kennels  a  score  of  dog; 
which  he  has  treated  and  rendered  impervious  to  rabies 
placing  with  them  twenty  nninoculated  dogs.  He  wil 
then,  in  pursuance  of  the  experiment,  get  some  mat 
dogs,  which  will,  in  the  natural  order  of  things,  bite  the 
others;  and  if  his  discovery  is  what  he  thinks  it  to  be 
the  bite  will  have  no  effect  whatever  upon  those  he  hat 
vaccinated  with  the  virus. 

The  Berliner  Tageblatt,  referring  to  the  project  of  thi 
French  Government  to  celebrate  the  centenary  of  the 
French  revolution  by  a  universal  exhibition  at  Paris  it 
1889,  expresses  doubt  whether  the  great  Powers  of  En- 
rope  will  consent  to  participate  in  an  exhibition  which 
revives  such  sad  memories. 

The  excessive  friendliness  of  the  Czarina's  receptb 
by  the  Government  at  Berlin  amounts  to  a  political 
event  of  importance. 

Locusts  are  causing  much  damage  in  the  State  ol 
Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  and  the  coffee,  tobacco  and  sugai 
crops  are  threatened.     They  came  from  Yucatan. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

•  A  Stated  Meeting  of  the  General  Committee  is  to  be 
'  eld  at  the  school  on  Fourth-day,  the  18th  instant,  at 

A.  M. 

The  Committee  on  Instruction  and  Admissions  meet 
at  the  school  the  preceding  evening,  at  7  o'clock. 

The   Visiting  Committee,    meet  at   the   school 
Seventh-day,  the  14th  inst. - 

The  Committee  on  Subscriptions  meet  at  the  school 
at  4  p.  M.,  Third-day,  the  17th. 

For  the  accommodation  of  the  committee,  convey- 
ances will  be  at  Westtown  Station  on  Seventh  and  Third- 
days,  the  14th  and  17th  inst.,  to  meet  the  trains  that 
leave  the  city  at  2.47  and  4.55  P.  M. 

Wm.  Evans, 

Philada.,  6th  mo.  18S4.  Clerk. 

FRIENDS'  SELECT  SCHOOL. 
Wanted,  a  teacher  to  assist  in  the  Boys'  School. 
Application  may  be  made  to 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  No.  8  North  Front  St. 
Geo.  J.  Scattergood,  413  Spruce  St. 
Caleb  Wood,  914  Pine  St. 

The  committee  having  the  care  of  Spring  River 
Academy,  desire  to  procure  a  Superintendent  and 
Matron  "to  take  charge  of  the  Boarding  House.  Also  a 
teacher  for  the  school.  As  the  school  is  already  in 
debt,  it  is  desired  that  the  wages  be  based  on  the  in- 
come of  the  school. 

For  further  information  address  Ben.iamin  Pickett,! 
or  Richard  Hawortii,  Quakervale,  Cherokee  county, 
Kansas. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers  to 

the  school. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SIXTH  MONTH  21,  1S84. 


NO.    46. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per 

Subscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  \ 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  354.) 

1810,  9th  mo.  9th.  At  their  First-day  meet- 
ing, which  was  crowded  with  people,  unto 
shorn  the  Gospel  flowed  without  impediment. 

10th.  This  morning  after  a  heart-tender- 
ng  season  with  the  afflicted  family  where  we 
odged,  we  took  affectionate  leave,  crossed 
he  Kennebec,  and  rode  to  the  western  part 

)f  Bath,  and  put  up  at 's.     Many  years 

igo  he  came  into  our  Society  by  his  own  re- 
quest, and  a  few  years  since  went  out  in  mar- 
i.  I  was  formerly  acquainted  with  him, 
>ut  had  not  seen  him  for  many  years.  Meet- 
ng  him  in  this  situation,  with  the  mixed  state 
)f  his  family,  and  other  circumstances  con- 
nected, laid  him  under  such  embarrassments 
is  excited  in  me  sensations  of  pity  towards 


In  this  instance  we  had  another  view  of 
he  lamentable  effects  of  mixed  marriages; 
low  it  endangers  the  dear  children  for  the 
Darents  to  be  governed  by  different  opinions 
Ibout  things  of  a  religious  nature!  both  pro- 
fessors of  Christianity,  and  equal  in  the  affec- 
,ions  of  their  tender  offspring  ;  one  promoting 
md  encouraging  one  thing  as  a  religious  duty, 
^,nd  very  tenacious  of  one  particular  mode  of 
worship,  and  form  of  church  government  and 
jeremonies;  the  other  adhering  to  sentiments, 
or  aught  the  children  can  see,  clashing  with 
bach  other.  These  tender  objects  of  parental 
fire  can  scarcely  know  what  to  understand 
£■  believe,  and  no  doubt  have  sometimes  come 
o  the  conclusion  there  is  nothing  in  all  that 
b  said  about  it. 

Whereas,  on  the  other  hand,  when  parents 
^re  of  one  heart  and  of  one  mind  respecting 
hings  of  such  weighty  consequence  to  them 
ind  their  children,  by  their  united  efforts, 
uniform  conduct  and  example,  under  the  guid- 
mce  of  a  beneficent  Providence,  maj*  do  much 
[,0  promote  their  welfare,  and  the  establish- 
nent  of  their  faith  in  true  Christian  prin- 
ciples, and  the  settlement  of  their  minds  on  a 
solid  basis  concerning  things  of  a  religious 
fiature.  My  mind  was  brought  into  compas- 
sion towards  these  parents  while  under  their 
Epof. 

12th.  I  went  to  Capo  Elizabeth  and  at- 
tended their  mid-week  meeting,  where  deep 
jailed  unto  deep,  and  the  minds  of  some  were 
strengthened.    Returned  to  Portland  and  had 

comfortable  opportunity  in  a  family  there. 


14th.  Had  an  appointed  meeting  at  Gor- 
ham,  where  the  truth  had  the  ascendency.  A 
season  not  easily  to  be  forgotten. 

16th.  On  first  day  of  the  week  we  were  at 
meeting  at  Pay  mond.  The  service  was  greatly 
marred  by  the  interference  of  one  of  their 
Baptist  ministers.  It  was  thought  by  some 
he  was  afraid  of  losing  his  flock,  many  of 
whom  were  at  the  meeting,  and  he  came  there 
to  save  them  if  he  could;  but  they  were  so 
disgusted  at  his  conduct,  as  I  was  informed, 
they  all  left  him,  and  came  no  more  after  him. 

17th.  Having  accomplished  my  prospect 
in  these  parts,  1  rode  to  Berwick,  and  on  the 
18th  and  19th  rode  home,  and  to  my  satisfac- 
tion found  all  well;  and  on  a  review  of  the 
journey  my  mind  was  strengthened  and  com- 
forted.   Thanks  to  the  Preserver  of  his  people. 

10th  mo.  25th.  A  satisfactory  season  at  our 
Quarterly  Meeting  at  Salem. 

28th.  First-day  of  the  week.  My  soul  bur- 
dened with  the  windy  doctrines  of  men. 

11th   mo.  9th.     About  9  o'clock  this  evon- 

y  we  experienced  a  considerable  shock  of 
an  earthquake.  Thus  God  speaks  in  awful 
majesty  and  shakes  terribly  the  earth.  Trem- 
ble'and  be  astonished  at  the  greatness  of  bis 
power,  and  the  awfulness  of  his  majesty,  thou 
worm  of  the  dust  ! 

12th  mo.  21st.  ''Rebuke  not  an  Elder,  but 
entreat  him  as  a  father."  What  are  we  t<> 
understand  by  the  term  Elder  in  the  Church 
of  Christ?  The  language,  "Entreat  him  as 
a  father,"  indicates  the  standing  of  an  Elder, 
according  to  the  original  intent  of  the  office, 
in  the  Church  of  Christ.  Having  been  faith- 
ful in  the  government  of  his  own  spirit, — hav- 
ing learned  in  the  school  of  Christ  how  to  rule 
his  own  house  with  wisdom  and  discretion, 
and  to  be  a  peace-maker  among  the  brethren, 
being  an  example  of  patience,  meekness  and 
love,  he  knows  how  to  demean  himself  in  the 
Church  of  Christ.  "If  he  knows  not  how  to 
rule  his  own  house,  how  shall  he  take  care  of 
the  Church  of  God  !"  Having  been  humbled 
under  the  operation  of  the  power  of  the  cross, 
which  crucifies  him  to  the  world,  and  the 
world  unto  him,  he  is  qualified  to  act  the  part 
of  a  father,  taking  the  children,  weak  and  in- 
experienced, by  the  hand,  and  sincerely  and 
feelingly  say,  "  Come,  follow  me  as  I  follow 
Christ."  The  Apostle  Peter  saith,  "  Feed  the 
flock  of  God  that  are  among  you  ;  taking  the 
oversight  thereof;  not  by  constraint  but  will- 
ingly ;  not  for  filthy  lucre,  but  of  a  ready 
mind  ;  neither  as  being  lords  over  God's  herit- 
age, but  as  ensamples  to  the  flock,"  skilfully 
dividing  the  word,  milk  to  the  babes,  and 
strong  meat  to  those  of  riper  years. 

1811,  1st  month  1st.  Time  has  performed 
another  annual  revolution,  and  what  improve- 
ment hast  thou  made !  what  progress  hast 
thou  known,  thou  travelling  soul,  in  the  im- 
portant work  of  redemption  !  Redouble  thy 
diligence.  Be  valiant,  be  vigorous,  act  thy 
part  faithfully,  and  the  victory  is  sure,  and 
the  crown  certain  to  those  who  hold  out  faith- 


ful in  the  good  work,  to  the  end.  "  Be  thou 
faithful  unto  death  and  I  will  give  thee  a 
crown  of  life." 

10th.  How  hard,  how  utterly  impossible 
it  is,  for  the  natural  man,  with  all  his  under- 
standing, wit  and  sagacity,  to  comprehend 
the  truths  of  the  Gospel.  Those  truths  which, 
in  unfathomable  wisdom,  are  simplified  and 
made  easj-  to  the  capacity  of  a  child.  Thanks 
to  the  gracious  Giver  of  every  good  and  per- 
fect gift,  "There  is  a  way  which  no  fowl 
knoweth,  neither  hath  the  vulture's  eye  seen, 
the  lion's  .whelp  hath  not  trodden  it,  nor  the 
fierce  lion  passed  by  it." 

2nd  month  17th.  After  a  long  season  of 
drought,  when  the  heavens  seemed  as  brass, 
and  the  earth  as  iron,  and  all  the  showers 
were  as  dust,  and  refuge  seemed  to  fail,  my 
soul  was  thoroughly  relieved  by  a  searching 
testimony  in  our  meeting  this  day.  Blessed 
be  the  Lord,  for  his  mercies  endure  forever. 

24th.  Our  Monthly  Meeting  at  Salem  was 
another  season  of  unspeakable  relief.  The  au- 
thority of  Truth  triumphed  overall  thepowers 
of  darkness;  magnified  be  the  name  of  Him 
whoso  goodness  never  fails  his  humble  chil- 
dren, dependent  on  Him  day  by  day  for  their 
support. 

O,  the  leanness  of  the  human  heart,  in  the 
pursuit  of  its  covetousness !  How  little  does 
it  understand  of  the  true  spiritual  meaning  ot 
the  Gospel !  Though  oft  convicted  and  sen- 
sible of  its  condition  in  a  fallen  state;  though 
oft  affected  with  a  sense  of  the  deceitfulness 
of  sin,  and  sometimes  favored  with  some  sense 
of  the  beauty  of  holiness,  and  the  importance 
of  the  soul's  redemption.  But  for  want  of 
abiding  faithful  under  the  necessary  and  re- 
peated operations  of  that  holy  anointing  which 
brings  all  things  into  remembrance,  and  quali- 
fies to  see  things  truly  as  they  are  ;  many  are 
halting,  or  at  best,  sec  men  as  trees  walking, 
having  a  very  imperfect  sight  and  sense  of 
things.  Many  who  have  had  their  eyes  in 
some  good  measure  anointed  with  the  eye- 
salve  of  the  Heavenly  Kingdom,  and  have 
seen  things,  in  some  measure,  according  to 
the  true  meaning  and  design  of  them,  and 
made  some  beginning  in  the  good  work,  for 
want  of  watchfulness  unto  prayer,  have  re- 
lapsed into  forgetfulness  and  ease  :  the  eye  be- 
coming gradually  blinded  by  the  god  of  the 
world,  so  that  they  cannot  see  the  excellency 
there  is  in  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Few  indeed  there  are,  who  so  fully  abide 
the  operation  of  this  holy  anointing  as  to  at- 
tain to  that  clear  knowledge  of  the  truth  as 
it  is  in  Jesus,  so  as  to  see  things  as  they  really 
are,  and  make  the  true  discrimination  where- 
in there  is  no  confusion  ;  where  men  are  seen 
as  men,  and  trees  as  trees;  where  shadow  is 
not  taken  for  substance,  nor  name  for  reality. 

26th.  Deeply  baptized.  May  I  bo  willing 
to  go  seven  times  to  the  bottom  of  Jordan,  if 
I  may  bring  up  from  thence  stones  of  me- 
morial, or  any  thing  that  will  bear  the  in- 
scription of  holiness  to  the  Lord— any  thing 


302 


THE    FRIEND. 


that  can  bear  testimony  to  bis  name  and 
Truth.  So  that  I  may  be  found  a  faithful 
steward,  that  in  the  day  when  called  upon  to 
render  an  account  of  my  stewardship,  I  may 
do  it  with  joy  and  not  with  grief,  or  with 
shame  and  confusion,  as  one  weighed  in  the 
balance  and  found  wanting. 

28th.     At  the  funeral  ot  .     But  few 

people  present;  but  my  mind  was  much  re- 
lieved by  sounding  an  alarm  among  them. 
O,  for  the  good  effect! 

(To  be   continued.) 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Among  the  Wild  Flowers  of  California. 

In  looking  over  "  The  Friend"  of  5th  mo. 
10th,  I  noticed  a  very  interesting  and  instruc- 
tive contribution  headed,  "A  ramble  among 
wild  flowers  ;"  it  reminded  me  of  a  short  trip 
up  the  Mt.  Ilamilton  range  of  hills,  near  San 
Jose,  undertaken  a  few  days  ago  in  company 
of  loved  ones,  to  breathe  the  pure  mountain 
air,  and  gather  wild  flowers  which  grow  in 
great  profusion  on  this  range,  as  well  as  in 
most  other  localities  in  this  wonderful  State. 
The  road  we  took  leads  to  the  summit  of  Mt. 
Hamilton,  about  4,400  feet  above  our  valley, 
and  where  the  great  telescope  of  the  Lick 
Observatory  is  to  be  placed.  The  day  was 
cool  and  pleasant,  and  as  we  ascended  the 
easy  grade  over  a  smooth  road,  the  view 


we  can  learn  a  lesson  of  abiding  child-like 
confidence  and  trust;  they  look  upward  and 
are  protected  by  Him  who  regards  the  low 
estate  of  his  humble,  dependent  creatures  ;  all 
things,  both  animate  and  inanimate,  are  ob- 
jects of  his  love,  care  and  redeeming  mercy. 
J.  Bell. 
San  Jose,  California,  5th  rao.  21st,  1884. 


Camden,  N.  J.,  6lh  mo.  13th,  1884. 
To  the  Editor  op  "The  Friend," — 

It  may  be  interesiing  to  the  readers  of 
•'  The  Friend,"  to  be  informed  that  the  Yearly 
Meeting  held  in  London  within  a  few  weeks, 
appointed  four  Friends  as  a  deputation  or 
committee  to  attend  the  approaching  Yearly 
Meeting  in  Canada — in  consequence,  I  sup- 
pose, of  the  difficulties  among  Friends  in  the 
Dominion.  It  is  also  reported  that  the  com- 
mittee desired  to  reach  this  continent  in  time 
to  enable  tbem  to  attend  the  Yearly  Meeting 
of  the  smaller  body  in  that  country.  The 
names  of  the  Friends  are  J.  B.  Braithwaite, 
who  was  on  a  similar  committee  several  years 
ago  to  visit  Western  Yearly  Meeting,  the  his- 
tory and  results  of  which  visit  are  familiar 
to  many  Friends;  William  Eobinson  of  Scar- 
borough,Yorkshire;  Thomas  Harvey  of  Leeds, 
in  the  same  county,  and  Thos.  Pumphrey  of 
the  North  of  England.  These  Friends  are 
furnished  with  minutes  also  authorizing  the 
the  views  pre-  entering  upon  service,  "as  way  may  open," 
sentcd  were  very  beautiful  and  diversified,  extending  to  the  United  States." 
the  growing  grain  and  woodlands  of  the  plain  The  Friends  are  probably  now  on  the 
below,  the  varied  shades  of  the  green  moun-  water,  and  are  expected  in  a  day  or  two. 
tain  sides  were  all  most  attractive  to  the  eye,  While  the  language  remains  forever  true, 
whilst  the  fleecy  clouds  and  deep  blue  skyiHow  bcautifuf  upon  the  mountains  are  the 
above,  lent  an  added  charm  to  the  invigo-  feet  of  him  that  bringeth  good  tidings,  that 
rating  and  ever-changing  scene.  Away  off ipublisheth  peace,  that  saith  unto  Zion  in 
toward  the  north  the  placid  waters  of  San 'living  authority,  thy  God  reigneth  ;  yet  the 
Francisco  Bay  were  spread  out  before  us.  On  jreport  of  the  proposed  visit  of  this  deputation 
the  westerly  side  of  the  valley  the  dark  wood- j  has  been  received  with  painful  concern  by 
crowned  Santa  Cruz  Mountains  were  of  an  many,  from  the  apprehension  that  instead  of 
indigo  hue,  standing  out  in  bold  relief  as  a  affording  relief  and  comfort  to  the  rightly  ex- 
great  barrier  between  us  and  the  wild  Pacific,  'ercised  in  Canada,  it  will  only  tend  to  in- 
But  as  wild  flowers  were  one  of  the  attrac-j crease  their  trials. 

tions  of  the  day's  jaunt,  I  must  not  wander  I  believe  the  sentiment  is  very  generally 
away  from  the  subject  in  search  of  the  ro-!held,  that  until  London  Yearly  Meeting  has 
mantic  and  picturesque,  always  a  delightful '  been  brought  to  understand  that  the  unset- 
theme  to  dwell  upon.  tied  state  of  things  in  Canada  and  elsewhere. 
Unlike  "J.  W."  I  am  not  a  botanist,  or  I 'the  widespread  disunity  that  prevails,  and 
might  classify  the  flowers,  plants  and  trees  of 
this  attractive  and  strange  region,  but  I  must 
be  content  to  be  an  admirer  of  nature,  with- 
out reaching  into  the  realms  of  science,  so  I 
can  only  wish  "J.  W."  had  been  with  us  to 
dilate  on  these  beautiful  objects,  and  show 
how  wondrous  and  delicate,  yet  simple,  the 
order  and  arrangement  of  Divine  Providence 
is.  It  was  the  task  of  the  dear  children  to 
gather  the  fine  specimens  that  greeted  us  on 
every  side,  and  how  the}'  did  enjoy  it!  On  a 
previous  trip  over  the  same  hills  some  years 
ago,  we  obtained  over  twenty  varieties  of 
wild  flowers,  and  doubtless  many  others  were 
hidden  from  view ;  for  as  we  looked  upward 
and  downward  wo  could  see  forms  and  colors 
different  from  any  within  our  grasp. 

Perhaps  for  variety  and  brilliancy  the  wild 
flowers  of  California  exceed  those  of  any  other 
portion  of  the  United  States.  The  mountain 
ranges  of  this  section  arc  covered  with  ver- 
dure and  flowers  at  this  season  of  the  year, 
and  they  who  ramble  amongst  them  are  amply 
and  richly  repaid  for  the  toil  and  trouble  in- 
volved. 

Surely  wild  flowers  aro  a  symbol  ot  inno- 
cency,  purity,  humility  and  faith;  from  them 


idespread  disunity  that  prevails,  and 
the  numerous  separations  that  have  taken 
place,  are  largely  due  to  fche  attitude  that 
Yearly  Meeting  has  assumed,  and  the  influ- 
ence it  has  exerted  for  many  years — perhaps 
thirty  or  fort}'  years  past — no  committee  ap- 
pointed by  that  body  can  be  likely  to  have 
any  influence  in  the  way  of  rightly  healing 
the  breaches  and  restoring  true  unity.  I  think 
there  is  no  doubt  if  this  committee  go  about 
their  work  in  a  spirit  of  Christian  candor, 
they  will  be  made  aware  of  this,  and  be  ready 
to  acknowledge  that  there  is  no  half-way 
house  at  which  both  sides  can  meet  and  har- 
monize. In  dealing  with  such  weighty  affairs, 
it  is  not  human  skill  that  will  avail  anything, 
but  the  simplicity  of  the  Truth  and  the  au- 
thority of  it  making  its  own  way  in  the  hearts 
of  men — in  which  man's  wisdom  has  no  share 
— but  the  Lord  alone  is  exalted  and  hath  the 
glory  of  all  his  works. 

1  have  written  the  above  in  a  feeling  of 
sympathy  for  those  dear  Friends  in  Canada 
who  are  likely  to  bo  brought  under  renewed 
trial  of  faith  ;  but  there  is  One  who  can  and 
who  will  preserve  those  who  look  unto  Him 
alone. 

Thy  friend,  E.  E. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Roman  Notes  on  the  Fulfilment  of  Prophecy. 

(Continued  from  page  357.) 

"  Saying  to  them  that  dwell  upon  the  earth 
that  they  should  make  an  image  to  the  beast 
which  had  the  wound  by  the  sword  and  did 
live."* 

"And  he  had  power  to  give  life  unto  the 
image  of  the  beast,  that  the  image  of  the  beast 
should  both  speak,  and  cause  that  as  many  as 
would  not  worship  the  image  of  the  beast 
should  be  killed," — xiii.  14,  15. 

This  evidently  points  to  the  assumption  of 
great  power  by  the  popes  and  their  inquisi- 
torial persecution  of  all  opposing  assertion  of 
conscience,  and  the  consequent  martyrdom 
of  the  faithful. 

These  verses  appear  to  refer  to  the  sweep- 
ing persecutions  and  martyrdoms  which  fol- 
lowed the  rise  of  Protestantism.  Witness  the 
horrors  of  the  Inquisition  in  Spain  and  its 
Autos-defe  ;  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's day  and  the  Dragonnades  in  France; 
the  martyrdoms  in  Italy  and  in  England;  and 
the  horrible  cruelties  practised  wherever  the 
Inquisition  had  the  power  to  persecute  unto 
death.f 

"  And  thou  hast  given  them  blood  to  drink," 
may  be  aptly  illustrated  by  the  Protestant 
and  Catholic  wars  in  Holland  and  German}', 
and  the  many  internecine  and  bloody  feuds 
that  raged  in  Italy  and  elsewhere,  and  which 
led  to  the  establishment  of  Protestantism  in 
the  Teutonic  nations,  and  of  religious  liberty 
in  many  lands. 

"And  the  fourth  angel  poured  out  his  vial 
upon  the  sun;  and  power  was  given  unto  him 
to  scorch  men  with  fire," — xvi.  8. 

"  And  men  were  scorched  with  great  heat, 
and  blasphemed  the  name  of  God,  which  hath 
power  over  these  plagues;  and  they  repented 
not  to  give  him  glory," — xvi.  9. 

The  above  verses  appear  to  refer  to  that 

*  [Elizabeth  Webb  explains  this  "Image  of  the 
beast  as  a  setting  up  images  and  idolatry  to  please  the 
rulers  of  this  world  ;  for  the  worship  that  was  performed 
in  Babylon  and  all  her  suburbs  was  a  strange  mixture 
of  heathenish  idolatry  and  Jewish  ceremonies  under  a 
pretence  of  Christian  liberties;  and  finding  out  in  the 
wisdom  of  man  fine  ways  lo  please  God,  as  witness  the 
sumptuous  buildings  of  their  churches,  their  inscrip- 
tions over  the  doors,  viz,  'how  dreadful  is  this  place, 
this  is  none  other  but  the  house  of  God,  and  this  is  the  • 
gate  of  Heaven  ;'  these  words  were  set  over  the  doors  ■ 
of  their  churches  ^o  called)  in  great  capital  letters,  and 
within  all  adorned  with  images,  pictures,  organs,  altars 
with  vessels  of  gold  and  silver  to  perform  their  sacra- 
ments in ;  with  priests,  surplices,  and  abundance  of  such 
embellishments  to  dazzle  the  eyes  of  the  beholders."] 

f  "  England  was  once  a  persecutor  for  conscience 
sake.  On  her  statute-books  were  laws  enjoining  the 
burning  of  heretics;  the  imprisonment,  mutilation  and 
execution  of  non-conformists  ;  she  sanctioned  the  use  of 
torture  to  extort  evidence.  Had  these  laws  remained 
unrepealed,  how  could  she  have  replied  to  the  charge 
of  persecution  and  cruelty?  But  Home  in  this  respect 
since  she  fell  is  unchanged  and  unchanging.  Even 
now  her  recognized  organs  are  justifying  persecution. 

"  1  will  not  read  you  what  Proteslanls  say  of  Rome, 
but  will  read  what  Rome,  speaking  through  the  Univers, 
her  recognized  organ  on  the  continent,  says  about  us  : 
See  L'Univeis,  August  1S51  ;  also  articles  written  in 
August  1872,  the  tercentenary  of  the  massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  justifying  that  act." 

"A  heretic  examined  and  convicted  by  the  church, 
used  to  be  delivered  over  to  the  secular  power  and 
punished  with  death.  Nothing  has  ever  appeared  to  «s 
more  natural  and  more  necessary.  More  than  100,000 
perished  in  consequence  of  the  heresy  of  Wicliffe;  a 
still  greater  number  by  that  of  John  Huss,  and  it  would 
not  be  possible  to  calculate  the  bloodshed  caused  by  the 
heresy  of  Luther,  and  it  is  not  yet  over,  after  three  cen- 
turies we  are  at  the  eve  of  a  re-commencement" — 'The 
Catacombs  of  Borne,  by  B.  Scott.    Lond.  1873,  p.  158—101. 


THE    FRIEND. 


3G3 


rery  remarkable  event  which  has  changed 
;he  current  of  human  affairs,  or  was  itself  an 
jvidenee  of  a  new  set  of  the  current.  The 
ncidents  connected  with  the  French  revolu- 
;ion  are  in  singular  accord  with  the  language 
)f  this  prophecy. 

In  1701,  there  was  delivered  in  London  a 
sermon,  by  J.  Fleming,  on  the  Apocalypse, 
Tom  which  we  derive  the  following  : 

After  satisfying  himself  that  he  had  found 
;he  true  method  of  reading  the  times,  he  turns 
sis  attention  to  the  sixteenth  chapter  of  the 
Revelation,  and  attempts  to  explain  the  time 
ind  manner  of  the  pouring  out  of  the  vials. 
rhe  fourth  vial,  we  have  seen,  was  to  be 
joured  out  upon  the  sun!  This  he  asserts  is 
France,  which  had  at  that  time  for  its  emblem, 
,he  sun,  and  for  its  motto  in  vain-glorious 
ityle,  "?iec  pluribus  impar."  This  description 
»f  the  mode  of  pouring  out  of  the  vial,  and 
be  attending  circumstances  or  consequences, 
ire  in  wonderful  accord  with  what  we  know 
»f  the  horrors  and  blasphemies  of  the  French 
devolution  of  1793.  You  may  reply,  what 
:ould  Fleming,  in  1701,  know  of  the  coming 
•evolution  of  1793?  He  knew  nothing  of  it 
mrely  from  the  natural  eye,  but  he  saw  it 
pith  sufficient  clearness  by  the  eye  of  faith, 
ruided  by  his  insight  into  "the  Revelations  of 
)t.  John,  to  predict  that  it  would  take  place 
ibout  the  year  1794  !  So  remarkably  was  his 
)rediction  fulfilled  that  public  attention  was 
sailed  thereto,  and  an  edition  of  the  sermon 
)f  1701  republished  to  the  world  in  1793. 
\.  copy  of  this  pamphlet,  formerly  the  pro- 
)erty  of  William  Savery,  is  in  my  possession, 
md  has  often  arrested  my  attention  by  the 
•emarkable  insight  into  the  mystery  of  the 
Revelations  manifested  by  its  author. 

What  could  more  accurately  describe,  in 
netaphorical  language,  the  insane  spirit  of 
,hoso  times  than  "power  was  given  to  him 
,o  scorch  men  with  fire,"  whether  it  refers  to 
he  awful  devastations  made  by  Louis  XIV., 
>r  that  made  among  the  ranks  of  the  aristoc- 
racy who  were  guillotined  by  the  cord,  or  to 
,he  ravages  of  the  wars  of  Napoleon  who, 
vith  fire  and  sword  ran  riot  over  Europe! 
iVhat  more  pertinent  as  descriptive  of  the 
)lasphcmous  course  of  the  Atheists,  who  set 
lp  the  Goddess  of  Eeason  instead  of  the  true 
~iod  in  Paris,  as  an  object  of  worship,  and  who 
lever  "  repented  to  give  God  the  glory"  could 
)e  found,  than  is  this  9th  verse  of  the  16tb 
ihapter  of  Revelations  ? 

How  remarkable  that  Fleming's  prophecy 
)f  the  event,  corresponding  to  the  pouring 
Hit  of  this  vial,  should  occur  within  one  year 
)f  the  date  promised  !  Is  there  not  here  an 
svidence  that  he  had  been  employing  the  cor- 
-ect  principle  in  his  exegesis?  It  is  true  that 
,bis  might,  if  found  alone,  be  regarded  as 
merely  a  happy  guess;  but  it  is  not  alone  as 
ive  shall  hereafter  see. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


in  New  Britain. 

(Continued  from  page  355.) 

One  curious  custom  among  these  islanders 
jrobably  had  its  origin  in  a  form  of  religious 
worship,  designed  to  propitiate  the  deity  that 
rules  over  the  sea ;  though  now  kept  up 
through  motives  of  policy.  One  chief  in  each 
listriet  has  a  canoe  built,  which  is  decorated 
with  carved  wood,  flowers,  ferns,  and  scented 
lerbs.  It  is  then  placed  in  a  house  by  itself, 
which  is  tabooed,  and  no  one  may  enter  with- 


out paying  so  much  dewarra,  which  they 
place  in  the  canoe.  The  chief  gives  out  that 
in  order  to  catch  plenty  of  fish  this  season 
everyone  must  pay  as  much  dewarra  as  possi- 
ble into  the  canoe,  that  he  may  make  the  fish 
easy  to  be  caught.  This  dewarra  is  supposed 
to  be  launched  in  the  canoe  to  pay  the  fishes 
for  those  they  lose  by  being  caught  ;  but  the 
canoe  is  always  carefully  covered  up  when 
launched,  and  in  reality  not  one  shell  of  de- 
warra ever  leaves  the  shore  in  that  canoe, 
which  floats  away  with  the  monsoon  and  is 
lost  sight  of. 

In  fishing  the  natives  use  nets,  and  also  a 
rod  and  line  with  hooks  made  of  tortoise  shell.: 

The  taro  of  New  Britain  is  considered  the 
finest  in  the  South  Seas.  It  is  a  large  bulbous 
root,  with  leaves  of  much  the  same  shape  as  the 
Caladium.  A  large  tuber  will  be  fifteen  inches 
long  by  twelve  in  circumference.  The  native 
way  of  preparing  it  is  to  scrape  off  the  rough 
outside  with  a  sharp  shell,  and  after  cutting 
it  in  half  lengthways,  wrap  it  in  banana  leaves 
and  place  it  in  a  fire  where  it  is  not  too  hot. 
When  cooked  it  is  very  much  like  good  new 
bread,  and  is  extremely  nutritious.  After 
taking  the  taro  out  of  the  ground,  the  tuber 
is  cut  off,  leaving  about  one  inch  of  it  still 
adhering  to  the  stalk  and  leaves;  this  is  re- 
planted, and  in  about  three  months  another 
tuber  is  ready  for  cutting.  The  leaves  are 
very  astringent,  and  if  eaten  raw  will  take 
the  skin  off  the  mouth  and  render  it  very 
sore  for  some  days  ;  but  the  young  leaves 
cooked  with  cocoa-nut  milk  make  a  very 
delicious  dish. 

Tan  is  a  fruit  which  grows  on  very  high 
trees.  It  is  shaped  like  an  apple  and  grows 
in  bunches;  but  when  ripe,  if  one  is  taken  in 
the  hand  and  pressed,  the  skin  will  come  off 
entirely,  and  the  inside  is  a  beautiful,  clear, 
jelly-like  substance  that  melts  into  water  in 
the  mouth. 

The  j-oung  fruit  of  the  Papaw  or  Mummy- 
Apple;  when  boiled  makes  a  delicious  substi- 
tute for  vegetable  marrow  ;  whilst  the  stalks 
and  leaves,  if  boiled  with  clothes,  will  make 
them  beautifully  clean.  The  clothes  come 
out  of  the  boiler  a  bright  gamboge-yellow, 
but  when  hung  up  in  the  air  to  dry,  they  turn 
perfectly  white  again.  A  small  piece  of  the 
leaf  or  stalk  boiled  with  an  old  fowl,  or  a 
tough  piece  of  meat  will  make  it  quite  tender. 

It  having  been  concluded  to  build  a  house 
in  the  northern  peninsula  of  New  Britain,  a 
piece  of  land  was  purchased  of  Tor-Rarrabay, 
a  chief  of  the  Kininigunun  tribe;  and  a  large 
house  erected  of  native  material,  roofed  with 
long  grass.  W.  P.  says  ;  "  When  every  thing 
was  finished,  we  had  a  big  feast  and  a  dance 
by  way  of  house-warming;  Tor-Rarrabay 
asked  me  if  he  should  provide  a  human  body 
for  the  feast;  upon  which  I  told  him  in  the 
strongest  terms  I  could  command,  never  even 
to  think  of  such  a  thing  again,  as  white  men 
hated  cannibalism,  and  that  I  could  not  bear 
to  think  of  him  as  one." 

The  laws  against  intermarriage  are  very 
strict :  there  are  in  each  tribe  two  distinct 
parties  between  whom  only  is  marriage  al- 
lowed. Generally,  the  men  buy  women  from 
foreign  tribes.  Wives  are  usually  obtained 
by  purchase.  Women  carry  their  babies  in 
net-work  bags,  the  band  or  strap  of  which 
comes  round  the  forehead,  and  the  child  in 
the  bag  rests  on  the  shoulder-blade. 

From  Kininigunun,  an  attempt  was  made 
to  reach  a  high  volcanic  peak  about  30  miles 


from  the  coast.  Several  natives  were  em- 
ployed as  guides,  and  to  cany  observing  in- 
struments, provisions,  &c.  The  guides  seemed 
timid,  professed  to  be  afraid  of  bad  spirits, 
and  all  deserted  on  the  second  night,  taking 
with  them  the  water  and  provisions  and  most 
of  the  ammunition.  The  mountain  was  but 
a  few  miles  distant;  but  alone,  and  without 
provisions  or  ammunition,  it  would  have  been 
unsafe  to  venture  ;  so  our  explorer  determined 
to  steer  a  straight  line  for  Blanche  Bay  with 
the  aid  of  a  pocket  compass.  This  was  the 
shortest  route,  and  through  the  most  open 
country,  and  would  enable  him  to  avoid  a 
large  village  through  which  he  had  passed 
on  his  journey  to  the  interior,  and  where  he 
had  been  horrified  by  a  shocking  scene  of 
savage  barbarity.  At  that  village,  he  says, 
"  I  should  have  been  either  murdered  straight 
off,  or  kept  to  make  '  things  grow.'  The  idea 
amongst  these  natives  with  respect  to  the 
trade  articles  the  white  men  bring  is  that  they 
are  all  grown  just  as  they  are — tomahawks, 
beads,  knives,  red  cloth,  looking-glasses,  all 
grow,  and  therefore  we  must  have  an  un- 
limited supply." 

"  I  started  off  and  pushed  through  the  long 
grass  as  fast  as  I  could.  On  my  waj*  over 
the  plains  I  saw  many  flocks  of  cassowaries, 
and  once  or  twice  a  wallaby  springing  along 
over  the  cleared  burnt  patches,  made  in  catch- 
ing the  wild  pigs  and  the  cassowaries  which 
abound  on  these  plains.  On  the  day  fixed 
for  the  sport  they  send  out  the  women  and 
boys  early  in  the  day,  who  on  reaching  the 
appointed  spot  spread  themselves  out  into  a 
large  circle.  At  a  given  signal,  they  all  light 
the  grass  by  them,  and  along  to  where  the 
next  person  has  lighted  theirs,  forming  a 
wide  circle  of  fire,  which  on  the  outside  edge 
is  well  beaten  down,  to  prevent  its  spreading 
too  fiir.  One  opening  is  left  to  windward  ; 
towards  this  all  the  frightened  animals  within 
the  circle  rush,  and  are  speared  as  they  come 
out." 

"After  travelling  some  distance,  I  began  to 
feel  the  want  of  water  very  much,  and  also 
was  getting  exhausted  for  want  of  food.  I 
suddenly  bethought  mo  of  some  betel-nut  and 
lime  which  I  had  in  my  pocket.  This  I  at 
once  began  to  chew,  and  found  that  it  entirely 
satisfied  both  thirst  and  hunger.  This  nut  is 
eaten  with  the  flower  or  catkin  of  the  pepper- 
plant,  or  with  the  leaves  ;  these  are  dipped  in 
powdered  burnt  lime.  It  turns  the  saliva 
quite  red,  and  tends  to  make  the  teeth  black. 

"Night  was  coming  on,  and  I  determined 
to  lie  down  in  the  long  grass  and  have  a  good 
sleep  if  possible.  However  I  found  it  impos- 
sible to  sleep,  and  every  rustle  of  the  grass 
seemed  to  me  to  be  natives  creeping  upon  me. 
There  was  only  a  faint  reflection  of  light  in 
the  horizon,  when  I  was  up  and  off  again.  It 
was  hard  work  to  struggle  through  the  thick 
grass  and  still  denser  bush  ;  and  having  no 
boots  my  feet  were  getting  very  sore. 

"About  mid-day  I  saw  a  thick  belt  of  trees 
ahead  which  gave  me  fresh  hopes  and  spirits, 
as  I  could  shelter  there  from  the  fierce  sun 
which  was  literally  baking  my  brain.  Indoed, 
I  fancy  I  must  have  been  somewhat  delirious, 
for  I  found  myself  rolling  on  the  ground  in 
the  shade  of  the  trees,  as  if  I  had  been  in 
water.  I  was  soon  off  again,  however,  push- 
ing through  the  scrub,  and  having  my  clothes 
torn  in  the  most  ill-natured  way  by  the  prickly 
palms.  About  sundown  I  fell  into  a  native 
track.     Oh!  what  a  relief  was  that  smooth 


3S4 


THE    FRIEND. 


ground  to  walk  upon,  and  a 
leading  somewhere!     I   did 


ISSU1 


ico  of  it 
e  when 

now,  for  1  was  getting  desperate,  and  I  conk 
not  have  gone  more  than  a  mile-and-a-half 
when  I  came  to  a  water-hole. 

'•I  flung  myself  down  and  drank'.  Then  I 
lay  down  by  the  pool  and  fell  asleep,  regard- 
less of  all  dangers.  Luckily  no  natives  came 
whilst  I  was  there.  It  was  about  eight  a.  m 
before  I  woke,  refreshed,  but  very  weak.  The 
travelling  was  comparatively  easy,  and  I  got 
along  pretty  well.  Soon  1  began  to  come 
upon  signs  of  natives,  by  finding  patches 
cleared  for  yams,  &c,  and  at  mid-day  met 
some  native  women  carrying  their  heavy 
loads  to  market.  I  stopped  them  and  bought 
some  cocoa-nuts  with  a  few  beads  I  had  left, 
and  sitting  down  there  and  then  ate  a  whole 
one,  much  to  the  astonishment  of  the  women, 
who  were  startled  at  seeing  a  white  man  at 
all,  to  say  nothing  of  finding  him  so  far  in  the 
bush." 

His  serious  difficulties  were  now  over.  On 
arriving  at  Kininigunun,  he  found  that  every- 
thing the  guides  had  carried  off  had  been  put 
into  the  house.  Tor-Rarrabay  gave  as  an 
excuse  for  them  running  away,  that  one  of 
the  men  declared  they  had  seen  an  evil  spirit, 
and  that  the  others  were  all  frightened.  "  He 
seemed  greatly  astonished  to  see  me  again, 
as  he  evidently  thought  I  could  never  find 
my  way  back  without  a  guide.  '  O,'  said  I, 
'  I  had  a  guide,'  and  showed  him  my  compass, 
which  he  regarded  with  mysterious  awe,  and 
would  scarcely  touch.  'Yes,'  I  said,  'that 
was  my  guide,  and  a  better  one  than  you 
and  your  men,  for  it  did  not  run  away,  and 
leave  me  alone.'  " 


For  "  The  Friend." 

Westtown  Boarding  School. 

Y.  S.  Walter,  (now  deceased),  of  the  Dela- 
ware County  Republican,  thus  refers  to  the 
honest  work  and  excellent  results  of  West- 
town  Boarding  School: 

"  Dear  to  the  memory  of  past  generations 
of  Friends  is  the  Westtown  Boarding  School, 
where  they  received  their  early  training  and 
were  placed  in  the  quiet  paths  wherein  they 
walked  until  death.  Many  of  our  mothers, 
and  even  some  of  our  grandmothers,  were 
educated  there.  In  this  institution  the  term 
education  had  a  significance  not  attached  to 
it  in  modern  days.  Therein  was  dispensed 
the  more  substantial  formulas  on  which  the 
serious  after-events  of  life  depend.  No  frivol- 
ous accomplishment,  no  external  show  or 
glare  of  gas-light,  music,  or  bouquets,  marked 
the  passage  of  a  young  lady  into  society;  but 
improved  by  scholarship,  chastened  by  pre- 
cept, and  conscious  that  the  responsibilities  of 
life  were  many  and  important,  she  left  West- 
town  calmly  and  sensibly,  and  fulfilled  her 
mission.  How  well  she  accomplished  it  only 
those  whose  wives  and  mothers  graduated 
there  can  truly  speak.  Apart  from  the  ex- 
ternalities of  a  mere  butterfly  existence,  life 
was  estimated  as  a  trial  and  test  of  virtue 
and  endurance,  and  they  who  left  its  quiet 
precincts  were  armed  with  virtue,  courage 
and  endurance  which  served  them  well." 


Religion  is  a  thing  of  faith,  of  morals,  of 
self-sacrifice— of  faith  in  God  abovo  us,  of 
works  and  self-sacrifice  for  those  outside  us; 
but  it  also  concerns  our  very  selves,  and  the 
building   up   of  individual  character    by   in- 


dividual deeds.  One  must  be  honest  in  his 
sales  over  the  counter;  another  faithful  in 
earning  his  weekly  or  monthly  wage  at  the 
factory;  another  must  teach,  as  influencing 
those  who  are  growing  up  to  do  the  world's 
work  ;  another  must  remember  that  the  law- 
yer has  no  right  to  help  wickedness  escape 
from  justice  ;  another  must  heal  the  body,  not 
forgetting  that  it  is  the  temple  of  the  Holy 
Ghost ;  another  must  refuse  to  pander  to  any 
taste  for  the  sensational  in  the  daily  press  ; 
another  must  engage  unrepiningly  in  that 
hardest  of  the  toils  of  life — the  endless  round 
of  baking,  dish-washing,  darning  and,  clean- 
ing; another  must  be  courteous  and  thought- 
ful in  the  weary  work  of  ticket-selling,  or 
stage-driving,  or  bricklaying.  But  all  may 
make  church  Christianity  week-day  Chris- 
tianity. None  is  so  low  or  so  ignorant,  or  so 
sick  or  so  wretched,  that  he  may  not  ask  him- 
self the  question :  "What  would  Christ  do  if 
He  were  in  my  place  to-day  ?"  And  so  the 
man  or  woman  can  "  make  drudgery  divine." 
— S.  S.  Times. 


Economy  for  Young  Men. 

Among  the  valuable  series  of  letters  to 
young  men  published  in  the  Christian  Advo- 
cate, and  prepared  by  its  editor,  J.  M.  Buckley, 
is  one  on  Economy,  from  which  the  following 
article  is  condensed  ;  with  the  belief  that  the 
hints  contained  in  it  may  be  useful  to  many. 

A  want  of  economy  is  the  indirect  cause 
of  many  of  the  difficulties  which  young  men 
find  insurmountable,  and  the  source  of  temp- 
tations to  dishonesty  that  would  never  have 
been  felt  or  become  powerful  except  under 
the  constant  and  humiliating  stimulus  of  a 
want  oi'money.  Practically  considered,  few 
subjects,  if  any,  are  more  important  to  young- 
men  than  that  which  I  now  have  to  treat. 

Until  a  young  man  gets  a  start,  his  expendi- 
tures must  be  continually  watched.     I  desire 


and  was  in  debt  to  his  tailor  at  the  time  hi 
was  spending  this  money  for  soda-water. 

Cigars  and  tobacco  are  expensive  luxuries 
and  as  they  promote  thirst  they  are  closely 
related  to  the  subject  just  considered.  Here 
also,  I  will  not  enlarge,  simply  stating  thai 
the  paltry  sum  of  ten  cents  per  day  amounts 
to  $36.50  per  annum. 

The  same  principle  of  frugality  should  be 
applied  to  books  and  papers.  Most  young 
men  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  a  daily 
paper  without  purchasing  it,  and  to  many  tnj 
reading  of  a  weekly  paper  and  the  purchasing 
of  one  or  two  daily  papers  per  week,  would  be 
sufficient.  Notwithstanding  this,  many  have 
a  habit  of  buying  two  or  three  papers  each 
day — a  morning  and  an  evening.  They  are 
now  very  cheap  ;  but  tbe  paltry  sum  of  live 
cents  per  day  on  the  average  makes  $18. 21 
per  annum. 

Comparatively  few  books  are  needed  foi 
permanent  use.  By  becoming  connected  with 
circulating  or  stationary  libraries,  and  being 
content  to  wait  a  little  while,  a  young  man. 
by  the  expenditure  of  a  few  dollars,  may  gel 
the  reading  of  all  the  ephemeral  books  that 
he  may  be  interested  in.  Let  him  add  to  hie 
library  only  those  books  which  arc  of  perma- 
nent value,  as  he  is  able  to  read  and  master 
them.  The  average  young  man,  inclined  to 
read,  spends  at  least  half  of  all  he  does  spend 
for  books  needlessly. 

In  clothes  a  judicious  economy  can  accom- 
plish much.  William  Penn  says:  'Choose 
thy  clothes  by  thine  own  eyes,  not  another's. 
The  more  plain  and  simple  they  are  the  better: 
neither  unshapely  nor  fantastic,  and  for  use 
and  decency,  and  not  for  pride.' 

There  is  economy  in  having  clothes  made 
by  a  tailor  whose  scale  of  prices  is  midwaj7 
between  the  extravagant  and  the  cheap.  His 
handiwork  will  show,  when  the  garment  is 
nearly  worn  out,  that  it  was  once  good,  and 
that  it  was  made  to  fit  the  person  ;  whereas 
eady-made   clothing  often   proclaims  as  fan 


that  those  who  read  this  letter  shall  keep  in  as  eye  can  see,  that  it  was  ready-made,  and 
view  this  thought.     They  will  then  perceive  i  soon  exhibits  the  inferiority  of  the  goods, 
why  I  recommend  to  young  men  a  closeness       Many  young  men  spend,  in  the  aggregate, 
in  their  expenditures  which  may  be  parsimony  quite  a  large  sum  upon  horses — some  upon 


twenty  years  later,  and,  in  many  cases,  five 
years  later. 

Alcoholic  drinks  of  every  kind  are  foes  to 
economy,  and  beer  is  not  to  be  excepted  from 
this  remark.  Alcohol  and  beer  produce  a 
false  thirst.  The  basis  of  every  drink  that 
quenches  thirst  is  ivater,  and,  except  in  disease, 
the  use  of  water  never  produces  a  false  thirst. 
As  I  do  not  suppose  that  the  users  of  spiritu- 
ous and  malt  liquors,  in  any  considerable 
number,  are  reading  these  letters,  I  shall  not 
here  enlarge.  The  paltry  sum  of  ten  cents  a 
day  makes  $3G.50  per  annum.  Many  young 
men  who  do  not  use  alcoholic  liquors  spend 
great  deal  for  soda-water,  root-beer,  ginger- 
ale,  and  other  beverages.  They  all  have  a 
thirst-producing  power.  A  glass  of  puro  water 
will  quench  thirst.  A  glass  of  soda-water 
does  so  only  to  a  limited  degree.  If  syrups 
and  cream,  as  is  the  custom,  are  drunk  with 
the  soda-water,  the  stomach  is  somewhat  de- 
anged,  a  sickish  taste  left  in  the  mouth,  and 
more  fluid  is  called  for.  A  young  man  found 
that  his  soda-water  bill  in  June,  July  and 
August  of  a  certain  year  amounted  to  $36. 
Ho  averaged  eight  glasses  per  day,  including 
what  he  drank  himself  and  gave  to  others. 
And  yet  the  preceding  winter  he  had  felt  the 
purchase  of  a  now  overcoat  a  great  burden, 


ist  horses  which  they  hire,  some  upon  fast 
horses  which  they  own.  Unless  employed  in! 
business,  they  are  luxuries,  to  be  enjoyed! 
with  propriety  only  by  those  who  can  afford 
them. 

Very  many  young  men  spend  considerable 
upon  amusements,  especially  in  cities.  Their1 
own  animal  spirits,  if  they  really  wish  to  get' 
on  in  the  world,  should  sustain  them  withouti 
their  feeling  amusements  to  be  necessary. 

On  the  subject  of  board  I  shall  say  little. 
I  consider  it  wiser  economy  for  a  young  man 
to  pay  $8  a  week  for  a  small  room  on  the  top 
floor  in  a  respectable  family  in  congenial 
ciety,  than  for  him  to  pay  the  same  sum,  or 
a  dollar  or  two  less,  for  a  much  better  room 
among  people  who  are  not,  in  his  opinion, 
profitable  or  congenial  companions.  Yet,  for 
the  sake  of  display  alone,  many  young 
pay  from  $2  to  $4  a  week  more  than  thoy 
need  to  pay. 

Travel  is  a  way  of  spending  money  with- 
out knowing  it.  The  best  way  for  an  eco- 
nomical young  man  to  travel  is  on  foot, 

"  Sir,"  said  a  young  man,  when  asked  by  a 
hackman  to  ride  with  him  three  miles,  "  what 
do  you  charge  me?" 

"  Two  dollars,"  said  the  hackman.     Hi 
ply  was, 


THE    FRIEND. 


S65 


"I  will  walk  three  miles  at  any  time  for 
wo  dollars.     Good  afternoon,  sir!" 

I  have  travelled  more  than  4,000  miles  on 
>ot  in  the  United  States,  and  at  this  late  date 
Msh  to  pay  a  tribute  to  Bayard  Taylor,  the 
uthor  of  the  most  charming  book  of  travel 

have  ever  read,  "Views  Afoot,"  for  the 
timulus  he  gave  me,  and  to  the  nameless 
uthor  who  declared  that  "a  man  can  learn 
o  more  of  the  country  than  he  can  learn  bo- 
oing through  it  at  the  rate  of  three  miles  an 
our — the  rate  of  a  person  leisurely  walking." 
[any  a  time,  since  I  have  have  been  able  to 
ravel  as  I  please,  I  have  made  a  tour  of  150 
r  200  miles  on  foot  for  the  pleasure  of  it.  A 
lagnificent  excursion  of  two  weeks  in  length 
an  be  made  every  year  at  a  cost  of  less  than 
16,  apart  from  the  expense  of  getting  to  the 
sot  where  the  pedestrianism  begins.  In  ten 
ears  such  a  young  man  can  master  New 
Ingland  and  the  State  of  New  York  in  his 
wo  weeks'  vacations,  or  do  the  same  in  any 
ther  region  of  similar  size  within  reach  of 
im.  Yet  many  thousands  who  wonder  why 
hey  do  not  get  on  in  the  world  squander  850 
r  §60,  and  some  of  them  §100,  in  their  sum- 
lcr  vacations. 

In  addition  to  what  has  been  said,  the  young 
lan  can  economise  in  rent.  A  hundred  dol- 
irs  a  year  saved  in  rent  is  worth  the  trouble, 
nd  ma}'  become  the  foundation  of  comfort  at 

time  when  it  is  needed. 

He  who  saves  $100  a  year  on  his  rent  is 
imply  being  paid  that  much  for  the  little  in- 
onveniences  he  may  have  to  endure.  Solid 
nd  plain  furniture,  with  the  ornaments  such 
s  a  wife's  taste  can  make  with  a  very  little 
xpense,  should  be  observed  in  distinction 
rom  lumbering  up  the  house  with  expensive 
rticles.  Every  article  of  furniture  that 
ot  necessary  in  a  room  diminishes  its  size 
nd  air  capacity,  and  collects  dust  and  makes 
rork. 

Economy  can  be  practised  upon  the  table, 
y  the  co-operation  of  husband  and  wife,  sc 
8  to  make  a  difference  of  one  half  in  the  ex 
enses.  Dainties,  preserves,  fruits  in  advance 
f  the  season,  too  much  meat,  excess  and  pro 
nsion  of  all  kinds,  take  money.  Being  in  th( 
abit,  some  years  since,  of  visiting  a  yount 
imily  whose  table  always  had  everything 
hat  was  needed,  and  nothing  more,  but  with 
reshness  and  sufficient  variety,  and  knowin 
hat  the  young  man  had  a  very  small  income, 

asked  him  about  his  table  expenses. 

He  replied,  'My  wife  and  I  apply  the  same 
hought  and  study  to  our  purchases  for  the 
ablethat  a  business  man  applies  to  the  pur- 
base  of  the  goods  that  he  deals  in  and  ex- 
leets  to  make  a  living  from.' 

Presents  and  extras  need  to  be  narrowly 
matched.  Superfluous  gifts  to  children,  ex- 
lenditures  for  candy  and  for  trips  that  do  not 
;ive  pleasure  in  proportion  to  their  cost,  are 
eaks  which  keep  many  well-meaning  families 
toor. 

When  invited  to  make  one  of  a  party  of 
Measure  in  the  vicinity,  or  to  take  a  distant 
ixcursion,  not  only  estimate  the  money  it  will 
:ause  you  to  expend,  but  how  much  you  may 
■ave  or  earn  by  decliniua;  the  allurement.  En- 
erthis  on  the  credit  side  of  your  accounts. 

When  you  see  any  fruit,  tarts,  trinkets, 
>r  toys  which  tempt  you  to  draw  your  purse, 
mt  which  you  can  do  very  well. without,  pull 
)ut  as  much  money  as  the  present  object  of 
emptation  would  cost,  and  set  it  apart  as  so 
nuch  gained. 


When  you  see  your  neighbor  or  equal 
changing  bis  furniture,  or  new  hanging  his 
ooms,  because  the  fashion  has  changed,  do 
not  be  fool  enough  to  copy  him  ;  but  think 
how  much  he  spent  idly,  and  estimate  what 
you  saved  wisely'. 

Selected. 

MOTH-EATEN. 

BY   MARGARET   E.  SAKGSTER. 
I  had  a  beautiful  garment, 

And  I  laid  it  by  with  care; 
I  folded  it  close  with  lavender  leaves, 

In  a  napkin  fine  and  fair. 
"  It's  far  too  costly  a  robe 

For  one  like  me  to  wear." 

So  never  at  morn  or  evening 

I  put  my  garment  on  ; 
It  lay  by  itself  under  clasp  and  key 

In  the  perfumed  desk  alone, 
Its  wonderful  broidery  hidden, 

Till  many  a  day  had  gone. 

There  were  guests  who  came  to  my  portal, 
There  were  friends  who  sat  with  me, 

And,  clad  in  soberest  raiment, 
I  bore  them  company  ; 

I  knew  I  owned  the  beautiful  robe, 
Though  its  splendor  none  might  see. 

There  were  poor  who  stood  at  my  portal, 
There  were  orphaned  sought  my  care ; 

I  gave  them  tenderest  pity, 

But  I  had  nothing  besides  to  spare; 

I  had  only  the  beautiful  garment, 
And  the  raiment  for  daily  wear. 

At  last,  on  a  feast-day's  coming, 

I  thought  in  my  dress  to  shine; 
I  would  please  myself  with  the  lustre 

Of  its  shifting  colors  tine  ; 
I  would  walk  with  pride  in  the  marvel 

Of  its  rarely  rich  design. 

So  out  of  the  dust  I  bore  it — 

The  lavender  fell  away — 
And  fold  on  fold  I  held  it  up 

To  the  searching  light  of  day. 
Alas !  the  glory  had  perished 

While  there  in  its  place  it  lay. 

Who  seeks  for  the  fadeless  beauty 

Must  seek  for  the  use  that  seals 
To  the  grace  of  a  constant  blessing 

The  beauty  that  use  reveals  ; 
For  into  the  folded  robe  alone 

The  moth  with  its  blighting  steals. 


UNKNOWN  HEROES. 
We  see  them  and  we  know  them  not, 

So  plain  in  garb  and  mien  are  they  ; 
So  lowly  is  their  thankless  lot, 

We  hear  not  what  they  do  or  say. 

And  yet  for  weary  months  and  years, 
Without  a  murmur,  'plaint  or  cry, 

Thousands  who  eat  their  bread  in  tears 
To  daily  duty  pass  us  by. 

A  sickly  mother,  wan  and  worn, 

Bereft  of  cheerfulness  and  light, 
From  longed-for  rest  and  joy  is  torn, 

To  work  from  early  morn  till  night. 

To  steal  one  hour  from  dreary  fate, 

Or  falter  in  the  hardest  tasks, 
Would  make  some  home  disconsolate 

And  so  no  peace  or  joy  she  asks. 
A  little  child,  faint  with  its  fears — 

A  girl,  untimely  old  and  gray — 
A  man  bent  down  by  weight  of  years — 

All  bravely  go  their  bitter  way. 
We  see  them,  and  we  know  them  not, 

So  plain  in  garb  and  mien  are  they  ; 
So  lowly  is  their  thankless  lot, 

We  hear  not  what  they  do  or  say. 
Heroes  unknown — through  weary  years 

They  make  no  sign  or  outward  cry, 
But  eat  their  bread  with  bitter  tears, 

And  we,  in  silence,  pass  them  by. 

— Canada  Presbyterian. 


For  "  The  Frie 


Transit  of  Venus,  and  New 


A  recent  number  of  Kansas  City  Review, 
contains  an  article  on  the  Transit  of  Venus 
n  New  Zealand,  by  astronomer  Pritchett,  of 
St.  Louis ;  who  observed  the  late  transit  in 
that  colony.  I  have  thought  some  readers  of 
The  Friend"  might  relish  an  account  of  the 
Professor's  experiences ;  and  perhaps,  also, 
some  account  of  the  geography  of  that  south- 
clime,  which  I  have  compiled  from  other 
sources.  More  than  a  year  has  passed  since 
the  last  transit  of  Venus,  and  no  definite  re- 
sults have  yet  been  obtained  from  it  regarding 
the  sun's  distance.  The  great  amount  of  data 
furnished  by  a  number  of  expeditions,  and 
the  extreme  care  required  in  working  out 
each  part,  involve  a  labor  so  great  that  years 
are  required  to  complete  it. 

The  party  left  San  Francisco  9th  mo.  24th, 
1882,  and  after  a  pleasant  voyage  of  21  days 
landed  in  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  a  well- 
built  and  well-governed  city  of  40,000  people. 
Prof.  Pritchett  found  them  exceedingly  friend- 
ly and  entertaining.  "Every  citizen  was 
anxious  to  do  anything  in  his  power  to  help 
along  with  the  work  of  the  expedition."  A 
public  park  just  outside  the  city  was  selected 
as  the  site  for  operations.  The  building  of 
three  houses  was  required  ;  one  for  the  equa- 
torial telescope,  one  for  photographing,  and 
one  for  the  transit  instrument.  Several  car- 
penters were  employed  ;  but  like  other  citizens 
("in  New  Zealand  nobody  is  in  a  hurry,") 
they  were  slow  about  work  ;  and  our  astrono- 
mers became  a  little  impatient.  But  to  hurryT 
them  was  difficult.  They  began  work  at  9 
a.  m.,  must  have  a  full  hour  at  noon,  and  quit 
at  5.  It  was  summer  time — long  days  there, 
too.  However,  they  were  sure  as  well  as 
slow;  the  rooms  all  being  ready  in  time  for 
the  astronomers  to  place  the  instruments  in 
good  position.  In  practising  to  familiarize 
each  one  with  his  special  part  of  the  work, 
many  good  photographs  were  obtained  of  the 
great  sun-spot  which  appeared  in  the  latter 
part  of  11th  month,  1882.  Doubtless  many 
persons  remember  this  spot  in  connection 
with  disturbance  of  telegraph  work.  The 
Professor  says  :  "  As  the  day  of  the  transit 
drew  nearer,  a  feverish  anxiety  began  to  be 
felt  in  regard  to  the  weather.  The  New 
Zealanders  seemed  to  feel  that  the  honor  of 
New  Zealand  was  involved  in  the  matter,  and 
if  a  clear  day  was  not  forthcoming,  the  fair 
fame  of  the  colony  would  suffer.  On  the 
night  preceding  the  day  of  the  transit,  half 
the  population  of  Auckland  sat  up  to  look  out 
for  the  weather,  and  the  American  party  did 
very  little  sleeping.  At  12  o'clock  it  was  clear 
with  indication  of  a  fine  morning.  By  5  a.  m., 
necessary  adjustments  were  made,  and  each 
man  was  at  his  post  ready  for  work."  [But 
thick  cloud  had  come  over.]  "  The  look  of 
silent  despair  on  the  countenances  of  mem- 
bers of  the  party  was  said  by  the  citizens  to 
have  been  the  most  heart-rending  spectacle 
ever  seen  in  New  Zealand.  At  half  past  5 
the  clouds  bi'oke  away  and  photographing 
was  commenced:  75  photographs  were  ob- 
tained, when  clouds  stopped  work.  Most  of 
them  present  sharp  round  edges  of  the  sun 
and  Venus,  and  can  be  measured  with  great 
accuracy.  My  observations  of  third  contact 
were  satisfactory,  and  Venus  came  up  to  the 
limb  [of  the  sun]  presenting  a  perfectly  sharp, 
blaCk  disc." 

New  Zealand  is  an  English  colony  of  three 


366 


THE    FRIEND. 


islands  and  several  islets  in  the  South  Pacific 
ocean,  7,000  miles  nearly  south-west  from 
San  Francisco,  and  1,200  miles  south-east  of 
Australia.  Although  nearly  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  earth,  it  is  a  fine  and  interesting 
country.  Imagine  a  long  and  narrow  island 
lying  in  a  direction  nearly  north-east  and 
south-west,  and  divided  near  the  middle  by 
Cook's  Strait.  North  island  is  very  irregular 
in  shape;  the  northwestern  part  extending 
far  into  the  ocean,  narrows  to  a  point.  The 
northeastern  part  extends  out  one-fourth  as 
far  and  rounds  off  much  more  obtusely.  So 
the  shape  of  this  island  is  somewhat  like  a 
shoe.  South  island  is  nearly  a  parallelogram 
in  shape,  and  the  two  taken  together  resem- 
ble a  boot  in  outline  as  well  as  Italj-  does. 

Their  extreme  length  is  nearly  a  thousand 
miles,  and  the  average  width  about  100  miles. 
North  island  is  about  the  size  of  New  York — 
containing  48,000  square  miles.  South  island 
is  somewhat  larger.  It  is  often  called  New 
Munster.  The  third,  called  Stewart's  island, 
is  south  of  New  Munster.  Faveaux  Strait, 
15  miles  wide,  is  between  them.  This  island 
is  triangular  in  shape,  and  contains  nearly 
1000  square  miles  ;  only  one-fiftieth  as  much 
as  one  of  the  others.  Cook's  Strait  is  in  lati- 
tude 40°  south  ;  and  longitude  185°  west  of 
Greenwich.  It  took  its  name  from  James1 
Cook,  a  renowned  navigator,  who  surveyed I 
New  Zealand  about  1770.  The  country  was 
discovered  in  1642,  by  Abel  Tasman.  For] 
many  years  after,  it  was  known  only  as  a 
stopping-place  for  whalers.  The  natives  were; 
cannibals,  but  were  very  susceptible  to  the 
influences  of  civilization  and  religion.  A  few 
English  bad  settled  there;  and  in  1S14,  a  mis- 
sionary station  was  established  on  the  Bay  of 
Islands,  north  side  of  New  Ulster  (North 
island.)  It  was  very  successful,  and  Chris- 
tianity spread  over  the  island  to  a  large  ex- 
tent. But  in  20  or  30  years,  more  immigrants 
came  who  were  greedy  for  the  fine  country. 
They  oppressed  the  people — provoking  them 
to  retaliation,  and  causing  much  cruelty ;  so 
that  Christianity  was  greatly  impaired. 

In  1840,  the  sovereignty  of  New  Zealand 
was  ceded  to  the  British  Government.  But 
in  a  few  years  new  and  bloody  conflicts  arose, 
because  foreigners  took  possession  of  lands 
which  the  natives  believed  they  had  no  right 
to.  Finally,  after  a  few  years,  all  became  re- 
conciled, and  every  body  went  to  work  in 
good  earnest — tilling  the  soil  and  advancing 
the  cause  of  humanity  in  general.  These 
islands  arc  considerably  mountainous  ;  several 
peaks  having  an  elevation  of  about  two  miles. 
Mt.  Cook,  in  South  island,  is  13,000  feet 
high.  Many  extinct,  and  a  few  active,  volca- 
noes exist.  Earthquakes  also  occur  some- 
times. The  coasts  are  indented  with  numer- 
ous baj-s,  many  of  which  afford  excellent 
harbors.  Beautiful  plains  of  country  are  al- 
ways clothed  in  green  foliage,  and  afford  rich 
pasture  for  great  herds  of  cattle  and  vast 
numbers  of  sheep,  which  are  thus  grown  with 
very  little  expense.  The  soil  is  very  produc- 
tive and  easily  worked,  making  agriculture 
light  and  easy  employment.  A  large  plant, 
having  leaves  two  inches  broad  and  six  feet 
long,  called  New  Zealand  flax,  is  a  production 
of  great  value  for  home  use  and  export.  The 
leaves  contain  a  very  strong  fibre  used  for 
making  rope,  twine,  linen,  &c. 

"The  climate  of  New  Zealand  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  world."  In  North  island  the 
mean  annual  temperature  is  58°;   in   South 


island  52°.  The  atmosphere  is  damp,  though 
pure  and  healthy;  disease  and  sickness  being 
comparatively  rare.  The  coast  and  rivers 
abound  in  vast  quantities  of  fish.  James 
Cook,  in  one  of  his  visits  there,  thought  to 
show  the  people  how  to  catch  fish  by  exhibit- 
ing a  large  seine  ;  but  they  smiled,  and  pulled 
down  a  stack  of  netting  from  which  they 
spread  a  seine  four  times  as  large  as  his. 
Coal  exists  there  in  great  abundance.  Gold 
was  discovered  in  South  island  in  1861.  The 
deposit  was  found  very  rich,  and  in  a  few 
years  amounted  to  many  millions  of  dollars. 

In  1S51  the  population  of  New  Zealand  was 
estimated  at  about  146,000—26,000  being  for- 
eigners. But  since  then  the  natives  have  de- 
creased two-thirds,  and  foreigners  increased 
to  about  500,000.  As  in  other  countries,  so 
in  that  one — the  opening  of  gold  mines  was 
a  great  incentive  to  rapid  immigration  and 
various  improvements.  New  Zealand  has  one 
university  of  learning,  several  colleges,  and  a 
general  free  school  system  of  education. 

W.  Dawson. 

•Spiceland,  Ind.,  6th  mo.  6th,  1884. 

The  Four  Truths.- — There  was  once  an  old 
monk  who  was  walking  through  a  forest  with 
a  little  scholar  by  his  side.  The  old  man 
suddenly  stopped  and  pointed  to  four  plants 
close  at  hand.  The  first  was  just  beginning 
to  peep  above  the  ground  ;  the  second  had 
rooted  itself  pretty  well  into  the  earth  ;  the 
third  was  a  smart  shrub  ;  whilst  the  fourth 
and  last  was  a  full  sized  tree.  Then  the  old 
monk  said  to  his  young  companion:  ''Pull 
up  the  first." 

The  boy  easily  pulled  it  up  with  his  fingers. 

"Now,  pull  up  the  second." 

The  youth  obeyed,  but  not  so  easily. 

"And  the  third." 

But  the  boj-  had  to  put  forth  all  his  strength 
and  use  both  arms  before  he  succeeded  in 
uprooting  it. 

"And  now,"  said  the  master,  "try  your 
hand  upon  the  fourth." 

But  lo!  the  trunk  of  the  tall  tree,  grasped 
in  the  arms  of  the  youth,  scarcely  shook  its 
leaves;  and  the  little  fellow  found  it  impossi- 
ble to  tear  its  roots  from  the  earth.  Then 
the  wise  old  monk  explained  to  his  scholar 
the  meaning  of  the  four  trials. 

"  This,  my  son,  is  just  what  happens  with 
our  passions.  When  they  are  veiy  .young 
and  weak,  one  may  by  a  little  watchfulness 
over  self,  and  the  help  of  a  little  self-denial, 
easily  tear  them  up  ;  but  if  we  let  them  cast 
their  roots  deep  down  into  our  souls,  then  no 
human  power  can  uproot  them — the  almighty 
hand  of  the  Creator  alone  can  pluck  them 
out.  For  this  reason,  my  child,  watch  well 
over  the  first  movements  of  your  soul,  and 
study  to  keep  your  passions  in  check." — Sel. 


It  will  be  remembered  that,  some  time  ago, 
a  large  number  of  valuable  papyri  were  found 
in  El-Faiyoom,  a  district  of  Egypt,  and  that 
these  were  deposited  in  the  museum  at  Vienna. 
The  great  antiquity  of  these  documents  has 
urged  on  the  investigation  of  scholars,  and 
even  the  first  fruits  show  what  a  treasure  has 
been  secured.  The  systematic  examination 
of  these  papyri  is  carried  on  under  the  super- 
vision ol  Professor  Karabacek.  The  oldest 
documents  examined  so  far  are  two  in  demotic 
characters,  and  dating  back  to  the  time  of 
Christ's  birth — a  most  important  find.  Be- 
sides a  parchment  fragment  of  Thucydides, 


there  has  been  found,  in  the  Greek  languaJ 
also,  some  fragments  of  the  Gospels,  from  til 
fourth  century,  whose  text  is  so  pure  and  ccj 
rect  that  it  is  claimed  to  be  fully-  equal  to  tl 
Codex  Sinaiticus,  which  is  of  about  the  san 
date.  Another  interesting  find  is  a  sorcer 
papyrus.  The  youngest  document  is  dated  ! 
A.  D.,  and  contains  a  well-preserved  letter 
divorce  given  to  the  daughter  of  a  monk,  ar 
is  especially  interesting,  on  account  of  the  re 
sons  assigned  for  this  step,  and  on  account  of  tl 
legal  formula  in  which  the  letter  is  couche 
So  far,  about  1,500  papyri  have  been  parti 
examined  and  catalogued,  and  there  is  still 
larger  number  awaiting  investigation.  Fro 
this  an  idea  can  be  formed  of  what  letters, 
various  departments,  can  expect  from  the* 
documents,  when  they  have  been  thoronghl 
studied. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Separation  of  Oil  from  Iron  Chips. — By  tl 
use  of  a  centrifugal  machine,  revolving  i 
high  speed,  the  oil  adhering  to  chips  froi 
steel,  iron  and  brass,  in  turning  and  dri 
may  be  so  completely  separated  that  thechij 
will  no  longer  soil  the  fingers  in  handling,  an 
the  filtered  oil  appears  to  be  almost  as  limpi 
as  before  using.  But  it  has  been  partial! 
oxidized  by  its  exposure  to  the  air  in  thi 
films,  and  it  contains,  combined  with  it,  som 
of  the  oxides  of  the  metals  on  which  it  ha 
been  used.  These  changes  render  it  unfit  fo 
lubricating  the  journals  of  machinery,  but  i 
is  still  useful  in  lathe  work  and  for  simila 
purposes. 

Bursting  a  Gun-barrel. — In  bravado  a  youn 
man  placed  the  muzzle  of  his  fowling  piec 
under  water,  and  fired  the  charge.  The  r( 
suit  was  the  bursting  of  the  barrel  near  th 
breech  and  the  mutilation  of  his  hand.  Ar 
other  held  the  muzzle  of  his  piece  squar 
against  a  piece  of  plate  window-glass,  anj 
fired  the  charge — powder  and  a  bullet.  Th 
glass  was  shattered,  so  was  the  gun-barre. 
Another  instance  was  that  of  an  experimente 
who  had  heard  that  a  candle  could  be  firei 
from  the  barrel  of  a  gun  through  an  incl 
board.  He  drovo  a  candle  into  the  muzzle  o 
a  gun,  fired,  and  the  explosion  split  the  barre 
almost  its  entire  length  ;  and  did  not  ever 
drive  the  candle  from  the  muzzle. — Scientific 
American. 

Disease  from  Reeds. — A  curious  affection  ii> 
occasionally  met  with  in  some  parts  of  France 
among  reed-workers.  Recently  a  man  anc 
his  son  at  Frontignan  were  loading  a  can 
with  reeds  which  had  been  cut  a  year  before 
and  kept  in  a  damp  trench.  Both  were  seizec 
with  painful  irritation  of  the  nose,  ej-es  anc 
throat,  followed  by  swelling  which  extended 
to  other  parts  of  the  body.  Subsequently 
several  other  persons,  and  some  cats  and  dogs 
which  came  in  contact  with  the  reeds,  were 
similarly  affected.  An  examination  of  th« 
reeds  showed  that  they  were  covered  with  a 
mould,  which  had  developed  under  the  influ- 
ence of  prolonged  exposure  to  moisture.  The 
spores  of  this  mould,  shaken  off  as  dust,  had 
irritated  the  exposed  parts  of  the  skin  oil 
which  they  had  lodged.— Lancet. 

Alloy  of  Aluminum  and  Copper. — The  intro- 
duction of  a  very  small  percentage  of  alumin- 
um into  copper,  increases  its  tensile  strength 
immensely. 

Egg  skins  for  Wounds. — The  internal  mem- 
brane of  the  ess  of  a  hen,  while  still  fresh  and 


THE    FRIEND. 


367 


arm,  has  been  applied  with  good  results  to 
>ver  the  healing  surface  of  large  wounds. 

Salting  Walks.  —  To  destroy  weeds  and 
orms  in  garden  paths,  or  walks,  boil  1  lb. 
f  salt  in  1  gallon  of  water,  and  sprinkle  the 
jxture  while  still  hot,  with  a  watering  pot. 

Water  from  Eucalyptus  Roots. — In  many 
irts  of  Australia  where  water  is  scarce,  the 
itives  formerly  procured  it  from  the  roots 
'the  eucalyptus  and  a  few  other  trees.  The 
•ee  most  preferred  throws  out  numerous 
teral  roots,  which  lie  from  6  to  12  inches 
slow  the  surface.  A  portion  of  one  of  these 
>ots  is  removed,  cut  into  lengths  of  18  inches 
\  2  feet,  and  put  on  end  in  a  vessel  to  hold 
le  water.  This  at  once  commences  to  drip, 
id  is  clear  and  free  from  any  unpleasant 
ste  or  smell. 

Subterranean  Bird.— One  of  our  shooting 
•ounds  was  on  a  rather  bare  plain  about 
ght  miles  from  Coquimbo.  It  was  a  great 
idulating  plain  of  waste  sandy  ground. 
ralking  over  it  was  laborious,  for  the  ground 
as  almost  everywhere  riddled  with  the  bur- 
iws  of  a  sort  of  Ant-thrush,  which  seems  to 
ake  extensive  underground  tunnels  in  search 
'  insect  larvje.  I  obtained  a  specimen  and 
und  its  stomach  crammed  full   of  insects. 


to  this  country,  have  been  educated  as  Lutherans. 
An  immigrant  association  has  been  formed  among 
the  Lutherans  in  this  country  to  look  after  the 
spiritual  interests  of  such  emigrants.  A  book  con- 
taining the  address  of  every  Lutheran  pastor  in 
America  has  been  published,  a  copy  of  which  is 
generally  furnished  to  every  emigrant  leaving  the 
shores  of  Northern  Europe. 

— Peace  Society  of  England. — At  the  Annual  Meet- 
ing of  this  association,  held  in  the  5th  month,  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted  :  "  This  meeting 
deeply  deplores  the  armed  intervention  in  Egypt, 
which  has  led  to  such  disastrous  consequences,  spe- 
cially deprecates  the  extension  of  hostilities  by 
British  troops  in  the  Soudan,  and  earnestly  hopes 
that  the  Government  will  firmly  refuse  to  embark 
in  further  expeditions  in  that  region,  as  almost  cer- 
tain to  lead  to  perilous  and  prolonged  complications, 
involving  incalculable  sacrifice  of  life  and  treasure, 
and  to  commit  the  nation  to  enterprises  which  can- 
not redound  to  its  advantage  or  honor." 


THE    FRIEND. 


SIXTH  MONTH  21,  1884. 


Our  friend  John  H.  Dillingham  has  kindly 
placed  in  our  hands  a  Copy  of  a  lecture  de- 
livered by  him  before  the  Friends'  Institute 
)metimes,  when  walking  over  a  riddled  patch  j  for  Young  Men  in  Philadelphia.  The  subject 
'ground,  one  heard  a  curious  half-smotbered  of  it  is  "  The  Idolatry  of  Culture.' 

took,  took,"  and  on  treading  firmly  over  the       While  it  bears  testimony  to  the  importance  j  that  learning  [school  divinity]  have,  by  the 
whence  the  noise  seemed  to  issue,  of  inte 


are  plans  in  various  quarters  for  the  intel- 
lectual reception  by  our  young  men  of  things 
spiritual,  with  a  view  to  their  possible  minis- 
try of  them  sometime  afterwards.  For  in- 
stance, that  a  part  of  the  stated  course  of 
liberal  education  for  Friends'  sons  shall  con- 
sist of  the  intellectual  interpretation  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures,  through  a  human  science 
known  as  Biblical  exegesis.  And  so,  tbey 
being  educated  up,  or  rather  down,  to  that 
process  of  understanding  the  Scriptures  as 
the  correct  one  for  the  ministry,  we  should 
get  a  ministry  accordingly, — run  in  the  wis- 
dom of  man  ;  an  attempted  ministry  of  the 
Bible  in  the  place  of  the  ministry  of  the  Word." 
It  is  the  spiritual  life  and  power  accom- 
panying the  minister,  and  not  the  eloquence, 
learning  or  intellectual  culture,  that  are  effec- 
tual in  kindling  Divine  life  in  the  hearers. 
What  wonderful  effects  were  produced  by  the 
preaching  of  the  poor  illiterate  fishermen 
selected  by  our  Saviour  and  qualified  by  Him 
to  preach  the  Gospel !  And  though  the  Apos- 
tle Paul  was  a  learned  man,  yet  he  was  care- 
ful that  bis  preaching  should  not  be  "  with 
enticing  words  of  man's  wisdom,  but  in  the 
demonstration  of  the  Spirit."  So  the  early 
preachers  in  the  Societj'  of  Friends  were 
mostly,  as  Eobert  Barclay  testifies,  "laboring 
and  mechanic  men,  who  altogether  without 


ace  from 

sound  would  be  audible  for  a  minute  orjthe  study  of  books  and  the  acquisition  of  liter- 
?o,  when  the  same  noise  would  go  on  again  ary  knowledge;  it  gives  a  wholesome  caution 
om  a  place  a  yard  or  so  away.  The  bird  of 'against  the  error  of  placing  an  undue  value 
urso  bad  moved  along,  for  the  tunnels  com-jon  it,  and  of  underestimating  that  develop 


lectual  culture,  such  as  is  derived  from  (power  and  spirit  of  God,  struck  at  the  very 
root'  and  ground  of  Babylon  :  and  in  the 
strength  and  might  of  this  power,  have  gather- 
ed thousands,  by  reaching  their  consciences, 
"nto  the  same  power  and   life,  who,  as  to  the 


unieate  so  that  it  is  able  to  travel  under-  merit  of  our  mental  powers  which  flows  from  outward  part,  have  been  far  more  knowing 
■ound    over   a    considerable   area.     At   the  the   performance   of  the   ordinary   duties   of*1, 
me  of  our  visit  the  birds  were  not  at  all  shy.  [life,  and.  in  an  especial  manner,  from  yielding 
lowing  one  to  approach  within  a  few  yards  the  heart  to  the  operations  of  Divine  Grace 


have  yielded  a  rich  supply  of  valuable  and 
suggestive  thoughts. 

We  are  glad   to  observe  the  exposure   of 
or  of  those  who  ''attempt  to  climb,  as 


tin 


..„„  „„„.«  .„  „..«  ope 
them.  It  was  sometimes  rather  astonish-'and  coming  under  its  elevating  and  expand 
g  to  see  a  flock  suddenly  emerge  from  a' 
imber  of  burrow  openings,  and  rise  on  the 
"ng  from  a  bare  sandy  patch  of  ground, 
here  a  moment  previous  there  had  been  no 
jn  of  life. — Cruise  of  the.  Alert. 

Items. 

Congregationalists. — At  the  American  Congre- 
tional  Union  held  in  Boston,  it  was  reported  that 
twelve  States  there  are  1715  churches. 
— Methodists.— In  the  Methodist  Protestant  Gen- 
ii Convention  at  Baltimore,  a  resolution  was  adopt- 
"  to  open  correspondence  with  the  Congrega- 
inal  Methodists,"  with  the  view  to  a  union  of  those 
urches  with  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

— Methodist  Bool:  Concern. — The  magnitude  of  the 
iblishing  operations  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
rciety  in  this  country,  may  be  seen  from  the  in- 
■mation  laid  before  the  recent  Conference  in  Phila- 
Iphia.  The  total  sales  from  its  Depositories  during 
e  previous  four  vears,  including  books  and  periodi- 
Is,  were  $6,455,488.27.  The  net  profit  on  these 
les  was  89*2,115.86;  and  the  capital  invested  §1,- 
7,450.30.  The  profit  derived  from  this  source  is 
propriated  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  denomi- 
tion. 

—Methodists  and  Divorce.— At  the  late  Methodist 
mferenee  in  Philadelphia,  a  report  was  adopted, 
at  no  divorce  should  be  recognized  as  lawful  by 
3  Church  except  for  the  cause  laid  down  by  our 
viour  ;  and  that  no  marriage  should  be  solemnized 

its  ministers,  where  there  is  a  divorced  husbaud 
wife  living ;  this  rule  not  to  apply  to  the  innocent 
,rty  in  a  divorce  ;  or  to  divorced  parties  seeking 

remarried. 
The  report  also  recommended  that  measures  be 

en  to  promote  a  reform  in  the  laws  of  the  goveru- 
3nts  on  this  subject. 

Lutheran  Emigration. — A  large  portion  of  the 
;rman,  and  nearly  all  the  Scandinavian  emigrants 


ban  they,  yet  not  able  to  resist  the  virtue 
that  proceeded   from  them.     Of  which  1  my- 
self am  a  true  witness;  and  can  declare  from 
certain    experience,   because   my  heart   hath 
tter    branch    of  the' been  often  greatly  broken  and  tendered  by 
subject  is  rather  briefly  discussed  ;  yet  if  it  that  virtuous   life  that  proceeded   from  the 
had  fully  come  within  the  province  of  the 'powerful   ministry   of  those  illiterate  men." 
lecture  as  planned   by  its  author,   it   would  Eobert  Barclay  himself  was  a  lover  of  learn- 

-  J  ing,  but  he  counted  it  all  as  dross  in  compari- 
son of  the  cross  of  Christ,  and  of  that  power 
which  those  excellent  (though  despised,  be- 
cause illiterate)  witnesses  of  Cod   were  filled 
t  were,  to  heaven   by  the  intellectual  tower,  with. 

when  the  one  spiritual  way,  truth  and  life,  is  Even  down  to  the  present  day,  many  of 
t  down  to  all,  learned  and  unlearned  alike,  the  most  valuable  ministers  in  our  Society, 
a  heart-waj' rather  than  a  bead-way."  Andjwho  have  been  instruments  in  the  Lord's 
we  full}-  unite  with  the  sound  Quaker  doc-  hands  in  turning  many  to  righteousness,  have 
trine,  that  "we  reach  full-formed  Christian  been  persons  of  little  literary  culture.  The 
convictions,  not  by  beginning  with  intellectual  language  of  the  apostle  as  to  our  ministers  is 
considerations,  but  by  beginning  with  the  (still  applicable,  "that  not  many  wise  men 
little  religious  convictions  which  we  have,  and  after  the  flesh,  not  many  mighty,  not  many 
being  faithful  to  them.  Thus  one  by  one, !  noble  are  called:  but  God  bath  chosen  the 
as  we  proceed,  will  every  intellectual  doubt  foolish  things  of  the  world  to  confound  the 
vanish,  as  the  morning  earth-fog  is  dissolved !  wise  *  *  *  that  no  flesh  should  glory  in 
before  the  advancing  sun.     And  so  it  will  be  his  presence." 

found  that  the  Sun"  of  Eighteousness  is  the)  But  these  illiterate  instruments,  as  they 
best  promotive  of  intellectual  clearness  gen- [have  been  faithful  to  Him  who  called  them 
erally."  \\nto   his  service,   have  grown   in   grace  and 

Closely  connected  with  this  view  of  the  heavenly  knowledge,  and  been  clothed  with 
true  Source  of  Divine  knowledge,  is  the  testi-  an  authority  and  dignity  that  truly  ennobled 
mony  against  the  plausible  error  of  the  neces-  them.  Indeed  it  has  often  been  peculiarly 
sity  of  intellectual  culture  as  ordinarily  under-;  instructive  to  see  such  filled  with  the  power 
stood,  for  the  exercise  of  the  ministry  ;  which  of  the  Lord  and  to  know  that  it  was  not 
is  thus  stated  by  J.  H.Dillingham:  "Asevery  human  wisdom  or  eloquence,  but  the  might 
man  received  the  apprehended  gift,  even  so  of  the  Lord's  Spirit  that  enabled  them  to  bow 
would  he  expect  to  minister  the  same.  In-  the  hearts  of  the  people  to  the  Divine  message, 
tellectually  received,  it  would  be  intellectually  Precious  indeed  is  the  memory  of  some  such 
administered.  But  as  there  is  no  provision  servants  who  havo  finished  their  work  on 
by  which  things  spiritual  can  be  otherwise  earth  and  entered  into  everlasting  rest ;  and 
than  spiritually  received,  discerned  or  known,  sweet  is  the  feeling  of  unity  with  their  spirits 
even  so  must  tbey  be  ministered.     Now  there  which  at  times  pervades  the  minds  of  some 


:J68 


THE    FRIEND. 


who  knew  tbcm  as  f( 
Lord's  vineyard! 


L'vent  laborers 


the 


Eeceived  "The  Pocket  Guide  and  Hand 
Book  for  the  City  of  Philadelphia,"  and  the 
"  Official  Street  Directory,"  with  a  map  of  the 
city.  Published  by  Pickwick  &  Co.,  1429 
Market  street. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United   States. — The   Boston   Jotirnal  says :   The 

wealth  of  the  United  States   is   estimated   at  $5.0,000,- 

000,000,  that  of  Great  Britain  at  840,000,000,000.     The 


Petroleum. — Standard  white, 
SJ  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 


cts.  for  export,  and 


Flour  continues  dull  at  former  rates.  Sales  of  1900 
barrels,  including  Minnesota  bakers,  at  §3.75  a  $5.50  ; 
Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  84.75  ;  western  do.  at 
$4.75  a  $5.75,  and  patents  at  It 5.75  a  $6.25.  Kye  flour 
was  dull  at  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  unsettled  :  4600  bushels  red  sold 
in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.10  a  $1.11  ;  a  choice  lot 
at  $1.12;  No.  2  at  $1.02  a  $1.10  per  bushel,  the  latter 
rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  94  cts.  per  bushel, 
and  No.  2  red  at  $1.02  a  $1.03  6th  mo.,  *1.02i  a  $1.03 
7th  mo.,  $1.02i  a  $1.03  8th  mo.,  and  $1.03  a  $1,031 
9th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were  unsettled  :  9000  bushels 
sold  in  lots  at  00  a  62  cts.  per  bushel,  the  latter  rate  for 
Ith  per  inhabitant  in  the  United  States  is  $900,  and  '  prime  yellow ;  55  a  59  cts.  for  rejected  and  steamer; 

in  Great  Britain  it  is  $1000.     In  the  United  States  72   and  sail  mixed  at  60  a  61i  cts.  6tl»mo.,  61}  a  61 J  cts. 

parts  of  the  wealth  go  to  labor,  23  to  capital,  and  live   7th  mo.,  62}  a  62|  cts.  8th  mo.,  and  63  a  63£  cts.  9th 


to  government.     In  Great  Britain  41  parts  go  to  labor, 
36  to  capital,  and  23  to  government. 

In  the  U.  S.  Senate,  on  the  11th  instant,  on  motion 
of  Senator  Dawes,  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs 
were  directed  to  inquire  into  the  condition  of  the  several 
tribes  and  bands  of  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
the  tenure  by  which  the  lands  in  the  several  reserva- 
tions in  that  Territory  are  held,  and  the  character  of 

their  actual  occupation  and  use,  condition  and  rights  of,  Average  price  during  week— Prime  timothy,  95  cts.  a 
the  freedruen  among  the  Indians,  the  relation  of  such  !  $1-05  per  100  lbs.;   mixed,  85  a  95  cts.;  straw,  $1  a 
Indian  tribes  to  the  United  States  and  to  each  other, !  $1.10. 
and  the  need,  if  any,  of  legislation  in  respect  thereto.     |      Beef  cattle  were  in  good  demand  :  2900  head  arrived 

The   Kiver   and"  Harbor   bill   passed  the  House  of  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  5  a  7J  cts.  per  pound, 
Representatives  on  the  12th  instant.    Yeas,  156 ;  nays, 


Oats. — Car  lots  were  weak  and  unsettled:  S000 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  37  a  39  cts.  per  bushel,  according 
to  quality,  and  10,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  38  a  38} 
cts.  6th  mo.,  38i  a  39J-  cts.  7th  mo.,  36£  a  37J  cts.  8th 
mo.,  and  36  a  37  cts.  9th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots  at  70 
cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  6th 
mo.  14th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  344;  loads  of  straw  46. 


104. 

During  the  present  session  of  -Congress  the  House 
has  passed  bills  providing  for  the  forfeiture  of  nearly 
70,000,000  acres  of  unearned  railroad  land  grants.  The 
lands  are  in  Oregon,  California,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
Texas,  Indian  Territory,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Missis- 
sippi, Alabama  and  Louisiana. 

The  President  has  signed  the  bill  providing  that 
newspapers  weighing  less  than  four  ounces  shall  be  sent 
through  the  mails  for  one  cent. 


to  quality 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand,  but  prices  favored  buyers: 
12,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at 
21  a  5}  cts.,  and  lainlis  at  41-  a  9  cts.,  per  pound. 

Hogs  were  in  fair  demand:  4500  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  7  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Foreign.— In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  even- 
ng  of  0th  mo.  12lh,  Woodall's  amendment  to  the  Fran- 
chise bill  in  favor  of  female  suffrage  was  rejected  by  a 
vote  of  271  to  135.     Gladstone  stated  during  the  course 
j  of  the  debate  on  the  measure,  that  if  the  amendment 
The  total  value  of  the  exports  of  domestic  breadstuff's  was  adopted  the  Government  would  not  be  answerable 
from  the  United  States  during  5th  month  was  $11,902,- :  for  the  passage  of  the  bill. 

044,  against  $11,686,551  during  5th  month,  1883.  The!  Prime  Minister  Gladstone  has  stated  that  the  rumors 
total  value  for  the  five  months  which  ended  5th  month  j  that  Turkey  had  been  asked  to  pacify  the  Soudan  were 
31st,  1884,  was  $56,9S0,736,  against  $73,602,999  during  '  unfounded  ;  but  negotiations  with  Turkey  were  in  pro- 
tile  first  five  months  of  last  year.  j  gress  looking  to  Turkey's  occupation  of  certain  Red  Sea 

A  statement  of  the  aggregate  traffic  over  the  elevated   ports, 
railroads  of  New  York  City,  shows  that  during  the  first  j      The  Tichborne  claimant  is  to  be  released  from  prison 
year  the  roads  carried  170,000  persons,  and  during  the  on  a  ticket-of-leave. 

last  year  nearly  one  hundred  millions.    The  first  year's!      General  Booth,  the  head  of  the  Salv: 
earnings    were   $17,000,    last   year   nearly  J-7, 000,000.'  treating  for  the  purchase  of  Pain's  cast! 


There  was  steady  progression  each  year.     The  agg re- 


Wales  for  a  fa 


ration  Army,  is 

le  and  estate  in 

ily  residence.     General   Booth 


fate  earnings  since  the  first  road  was  built  in  1872,  were,  to  be  making  large  profits  as  the  leader  of  the  Salvation 
32,000,000.     The   aggregate   passengers   carred  444,-  Army. 
000,000.  Egyptian  advices  state  that  an  Arab  has  arrived  at 

Wisconsin  is  credited  with  being  the  leading  dairy  |  Korosko  who  claims  to  be  the  sole  survivor  of  the  Ber- 
State  in  this  country,  its  products  in  that  line  last  year  ber  garrison.  He  says  he  was  present  when  the  rebels 
amounting  in  value  to  $19,500,000.  There  are  in  the!  attacked  Berber  on  5th  month  23rd.  The  garrison  de- 
State  1000  creameries  and  cheese  factories  and  500,000  fended  the  town  for  two  hours  of  severe  fighting,  but 
cows.  [  the   rebels  were  too   strong  for   them  and  forced   their 

A  New  York  chemist  is  quoted  as  saying  that  the  j  way  into  the  city,  where  they  immediately  massacred 
genuine  attar  of  roses,  "which  is  made  in  India  and]  the  1500  men  of  the  garrison  and  2000  of  the  male 
Australia,  costs  $100  an  ounce  at  the  places  of  distilla-:  population.  The  women  and  children  were  spared, 
tion.  It  takes  50,000  rose  blooms  to  yield  an  ounce  of  j  The  Governor  of  Dongola  announces  that  Berber  has 
They  are  the  common  rose,  and  grow  in  great 


profusion  in  California,  where  the  distillation  of  attar 
could  be  made  a  very  profitable  industry." 

The  school  teachers  of  Vermont  are  prohibited  by 
law  from  using  tobacco  in  any  form. 

Tilden  G.  Abbott,  the  thieving  cashier  of  the  Water- 
town  (Massachusetts)  Bank,  has  been  sentenced  to  eight 
years'  imprisonment  in  the  pentitentiary. 

Isaac  A.  Stanley,  paying  teller  of  the  National  Bank 
of  Commerce,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  was  arrested  on  Fourth- 
day  evening,  the  11th  instant,  for  embezzling  $100,000 
from  the  bank.  The  stolen  money  was  sunk  in  specu- 
lation. Stanley  has  assigned  his  property  and  his  specu- 
lative deals  to  the  bank.  The  directors  of  the  bank  will 
not  be  affected  by  the  theft. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  364, 
which  was  10  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
27  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  there  were  190  males  and  174 
females:  63  died  of  consumption  ;  27  of  pneumonia; 
20  of  heart  diseases;  21  of  marasmus;  15  of  typhoid 
fever;  13  of  convulsions;  12  of  diphtheria,  and  10  of 
old  age. 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4J's,  111|;  4's,  registered,  119 J  ; 
coupon,  120.1  ;  3's,  registered,  lOOjj;   currency  0's,  131. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  iast  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  11-;  a  12J  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 


fallen,  and  that  El  Mahdi's  ameer  is  advancing  upon 
Dongola.   The  Governor  proposes  to  evacuate  that  city. 

A  despatch  has  been  received  in  England  from  Ad- 
miral Hewett.  In  this  the  admiral  reported  that  his 
mission  to  King  John  of  Abyssinia  was  completely  suc- 
cessful. A  treaty  was  signed  securing  free  transit  to 
English  troops  from  the  Soudan  through  Abyssinia  to 
Massewah.  Another  treaty  suppressing  the  slave  trade 
was  negotiated.  Admiral  Hewett  telegraphed  also  that 
he  had  reached  the  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  ready  to  em- 
bark on  his  return. 

It  appears  that  there  was  a  pecuniary  basis  for  the 
success  attending  Admiral  Hewett's  mission  to  King 
John  of  Abyssinia.  The  king  undertakes  to  provide 
30,000  men  for  the  expedition  to  aid  the  English,  and 
Admiral  Hewett  promised  that  a  large  sum  of  money 
should  be  placed  at  the  king's  disposal  to  defray  the 
expenses. 

The  Journal  rfes  Dibats  comments  upon  the  agitation 
in  England  over  the  Egyptian  question,  and  declares 
that  the  maintenance  or  rupture  of  relations  between 
France  and  England  is  at  stake. 

The  French  Minister  of  the  Interior  has  issued  a  de- 
cree forbidding  bull  fights.  Disgusting  scenes  of  cruelty 
have  recently  been  witnessed  at  bull  fights  in  various 
parts  of  France. 

The  French  Phylloxera  Commission  is  unable  to 
award  the  prize  of  three  hundred  thousand  francs  for 


the  best  method  of  exterminating  the  vine-pest,  hecau 
none  of  the  methods  proposed  gave  any  hope  of  su 

A  French  squadron,  consisting  of  eight  men-of-W: 
and  two  large  torpedo  boats,  has  arrived  at  Tangie 
This  has  produced  great  consternation  among  tl 
Moors.  Ordegu,  French  Minister  to  Morocco,  ha 
sented  to  the  First  Secretary  to  the  Sultan  of  Morocc 
a  treaty  for  the  signature  of  the  Sultan,  rectifying  tl 
frontier  in  accordance  with  the  demands  of  Franc 
The  Ministers  of  Spain  and  Italy  have  sent  to  agents 
Fez,  advising  the  Sultan  to  refuse  to  sign  the  treaty. 

The  marriage  of  Princess  Elizabeth  of  Hesse  ar 
Grand  Duke  Sergius  of  Russia,  was  solemnized  in  tl 
chapel  of  the  Winter  Palace,  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  15l 
instant,  with  the  customary  pomp.  Two  services  wei 
performed,  the  first  being  in  accordance  with  the  ortln 
ritual,  and  the  second  according  to  the  Luthera 
rites. 

Baron  Nordenskjold,   the    Swedish   explorer,  i 
pected  in  London  to  make  an  appeal  for  a  subscriptic 

pay  the  expense  of  an  expedition  to  the  South  Pol 
The  Baron  estimates  that  the  expedition  will  co 
£200,000.  The  Spanish  Government  has  promised 
p  ly  part  of  the  expense  of  the  enterprise. 

News  has  reached  London  that  a  waterspout  oecurre 
in  Akubsig,  Russian  Turkestan,  on  6th  mo.  2nd.  Tl 
river  was  overflowed  and  seventy  houses  destroye1 
Forty  persons  were  drowned. 

The  discovery  of  petroleum  at  Sibi,  near  Qnelta,  i 
the  extreme  north-west  of  India,  will  have  an  importa: 
bearing,  it  is  thought,  on  the  industrial  development  i 
India,  and  in  the  solution  of  the  Central  Asian  questioi 
The  discovery  of  a  store  of  mineral  wealth  along  tl 
line  of  the  railways  which  the  Indian  Government  hi 
decided  to  construct  toward  Candahar,  will  cause  a 
influx  of  labor  from  India  into  Southern  Afgbauista 

d  foster  intercourse  between  the  two  countries,  tl 
political   importance  of  which   it   will  be  difficult 
overrate. 

In  China,  where  the  parents  choose  the  bride,  nearl 
everyone  marries  ;  celibacy  is  regarded  as  an  anti-sod 
vice,  and  old  bachelors  and  old  maids  are  rare  phenc 
mena.  Chinamen  marry  young.  Bridegrooms  of  s 
teen  marry  girls  two  years  younger  than  themselve 
and  a  Chinese  grandmother  at  the  age  of  thirty  is 
more  familiar  sight  than  a  spinster. 

The   Victoria   Colonist,   the    Government   organ 
British  Columbia,  in  an   article  on  the  failure  of  th 
Dominion   Government  to   carry  out  the  terms  of  tl 
Settlement  bill,  says  that  "not  only  has  the  dry  doc 

been  commenced,  but  the  mainland  railway  la 
are  still  tied  up.  Hundreds  of  immigrants  who  declir 
to  squat  on  them  have  left  for  the  American  side,  ar 
the  situation  is  becoming  threatening.  Fears  are  ente 
tained  that  fresh  complications  between  the  Provini 
and  the  Dominion  will  arise.  The  authorities  have  r 
monstrated  with  the  Dominion  Government  in  view 
the  gravity  of  the  situation." 

The  steamship  Plover,  sent  to  rescue  the  crew  of  tit 
sealing  brig  Confederate,  has  returned  to  St.  John 
Newfoundland.  Capt.  Manuel,  of  the  Plover,  repon 
Notre  Dame  Bay  heavily  packed  with  floe  ice  and  tfi 
Confederate  lying  helpless  in  the  ice,  sixteen  — :i 
north  of  Fogo.  He  succeeded  in  getting  within  tweh 
miles  of  the  unfortunate  vessel  and  saving  45  of  he 
crew,  after  they  had  suffered  terrible  hardships.  Th 
Plover  was  then  compelled  to  retreat,  leaving  29  me 
behind,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  wreck. 

FRIENDS'  SELECT  SCHOOL. 
Wanted,  a  teacher  to  assist  in  the  Boys'  School. 
Application  may  be  made  to 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  No.  8  North  Front  St. 
Geo.  J.  Scattergood,  413  Spruce  St. 
Caleb  Wood,  914  Pine  St. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further   notice,  the   stage  will   he  at  Wcsttow 
Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  V 
street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers  I 
the  school. 

Married,  0th  mo.  11th,  at  Friends'  Meeting-hous 
Concord,  Pa.,  Joseph  Elkinton,  of  Philadelpl  " 
Sarah  W.  Passmore,  daughter  of  Benjamin  W.  Pas 
more,  of  Concord. 


Died,  at  her  residence,  near  Marlboro,  Stark  Cc 
Ohio,  on  the  29th  of  5th  month,  1884,  Maroarb 
Brantingham,  widow  of  the  late  Martin  Brantinghar, 
in  the  94lh  year  of  her  age,  a  member  of  Upper  Spring; 
field  Monthly,  and  Marlboro  Particular  Meeting. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  SIXTH  MONTH  28,  1884. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

Ascriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  by 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT  NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


of  the  Head  of  the  Church  :  "  When  ye  pray, 
be  not  as  the  hj-pocrites  are,  who  love  to  pray 
standing  in  the  synagogues  and  in  the  corners 
of  the  streets,  and  love  the  uppermost  rooms 


Philadelphia  P.   O. 


Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  362.) 

i  1811,  3rd  month  12th.  What  is  prayer? 
ehat  is  its  object  and  its  end?  Not  words 
lerely  ;  man  is  not  to  be  heard  for  his  much 
peaking  ;  but  a  total  renunciation  of  self,  and 
n  entire  acquiescence  with  the  Divine  will. 

Not  my  will,  but  thine  be  done."  But  words 
re  not  for  God,  the  Creator  and  supporter  of 
ur  being,  who  is  privy  to  all  our  wants,  and 
,11  we  stand  in  need  of,  and  hath  appointed  a 
Mediator  between  Him  and  his  creature  man. 

If  any  man  sin,  we  have  an  advocate  with 
he  Father,  Jesus  Christ  the  righteous;  and 
le  is  the  propitiation  for  our  sins,  and  not  for 
turs  only,  but  for  the  sins  of  the  whole  world. 
Lnd  hereby  we  know  that  we  know  Him,  if 
ve  keep  his  commandments."  Who,  having 
Intered  into  the  feeling  of  our  infirmities, 
>eing  acquainted  with  all  our  sufferings, — 
taving  been  tempted  in  all  points  as  we  are, 
'et  without  sin,  He  knows  how  to  succor  us 
n  the  day  of  trial  and  of  temptation  ;  how  to 
idminister  to  our  necessities  in  the  needful 
ime.  He  is  termed  Intercessor,  and  repre- 
sented as  sitting  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
■orious  Majesty  in  the  Heavens;  and  inas- 
nuch  as  we  know  not  what  to  pray  for  as  we 
>ught,  He  maketh  intercession  for  us,  with 
lighs  and  groans  that  cannot  be  uttered.  To 
,he  travailing  soul,  livingly  engaged  for  re- 
lemption  from  sin,  and  to  be  preserved  in  the 
aith  of  God's  salvation,  the  idea  of  sighs  is 
rery  familiar,  and  they  are  doubtless  under- 
stood by  that  spiritual  Being  who  "  hears  not 
is  bodies  do."  Being  the  offspring  of  his  own 
Dure  spirit,  they  are  of  consequence  accept- 
ible  to  Him.  Words  are  for  the  benefit  of 
inite  creatures  who  need  them.  Hence  one 
Denitent  suppliant  is  sometimes  inspired  and 
qualified  to  intercede  on  behalf  of  an  assem- 
Dlage  of  fellow  mortals,  candidates  for  an 
sternal  existence  in  happiness  or  woe ;  and 
enabled  to  put  feelings  into  such  a  form  of 
expression  as  thereby  all  are  edified,  com 
Ported  and  strengthened,  to  "  press  toward 
the  mark  for  the  prize  of  the  high  calling  of 
God  in  Christ  Jesus."  But  wisdom,  I  think, 
generally  dictates  that  our  prayers  should  be 
3hort  and  comprehensive;  accompanied  with 
a  reverent  sense  of  our  condition,  of  our  re- 
lation to  Him  with  whom  we  are  interceding 
and  of  our  entire  dependence  upon  Him.  So 
are  we  instructed  by  the  cautionary  language 


place  where  all  true  prayer  is  wont  to  be 
made,  that  proves  availing;  and  not  spend 
our  substance  by  a  daily  round  of  formal 
ceremonies. 

24th.  A  little  relieved  in  our  meeting  to- 
day; which  seemed  to  give  strength  to  the 
anchoring  ground. 


would  ultimately  terminate  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  bodjT. 

15th.     At  the  first  sitting  of  our  Yearly 
Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders.     A  large 


at  feasts,  that  they  maj-  be  seen  and  have  number  of  Friends  were  present  from  distant 
praise  of  men  ;  neither  as  the  heathen,  who}  Yearly  Meetings,  viz:  William  Williams,  from 
use  vain  repetitions  as  if  they  would  be  heard  [Tennessee  ;  Evan  Thomas  and  George  Elli- 
for  their  much  speaking."  What  a  cordal  it  cott,  from  Baltimore;  Thomas  Scattergood 
"s  to  the  soul,  for  the  mind  to  centre  to  the  [and    William    Wharton,  from    Philadelph' 


Benjamin  White  and  Oliver  Paxson,  from 
Pennsylvania ;  Richard  Mott  and  Valentino 
Hicks,  from  New  York ;  Asa  Moore,  from 
Virginia;  Susanna  Home,  from  Great  Britain, 
accompanied  b}'  Mary  Allinson  and  Caleb 
Shreve;  Susanna  R.  Smith  and  Grace  Wills, 
from  New  Jersey  ;  Phebe  Field  and  Hannah 


4th  month  23rd  and  24th.     Attended  our  G.  Field,  with  Asa  Upton,  from  New  York 
Quarterly   Meeting   at   Seabrook.     Spurious  State.    The  meeting  was  attended  with  solem- 


ministry  is  but  self  in  disguise,  and  its  ten 
dency  is  to  scatter  and  divide,  and  to  lessen 
the  weight  of  true  gospel  service;  and  will 
sometimes  set  a  gloss  upon  its  own  perform- 
ances, likely  to  deceive  the  eye  that  is  not 
truly  anointed  with  that  holy  unction  which 
deceiveth  not.  And  as  there  is  a  false  minis- 
try so  there  are  false  hearers,  as  there  always 
have  been  the  deceiver  and  the  deceived.  Thus 
evil  men  and  seducers  wax  worse  and  worse, 
deceiving  and  being  deceived. 

In  the  thing  wherein  Pharaoh  of  old  dealt 
proudly,  the  arm  of  the  Almighty  was  over 
him,  and  wrought  wonderously  for  the  de- 
liverance of  his  people. 

After  the  Quarterly  Meeting  rode  to  Con- 
cord, and  went  to  visit  my  old  friend  Benja- 
nin  Hanneford,  near  breathing  his  last;  but 
n  a  sweet  frame  of  mind.  We  visited  most 
of  the  families,  and  attended  their  First-day 
meeting;  and  rejoiced  to  find  those  Friends 
who  were  drawn  into  delusion,  have  become 
reconciled  to  their  friends,  and  in  good  mea- 
sure recovered  their  places  in  Society. 

Thence  went  to  Henniker  to  visit  those 
who  had  been  the  causo  of  much  uneasiness 
in  that  Monthly  Meeting  and  in  our  Quarter. 
They  appeared  to  be  glad  to  see  me,  and  I  felt 
pity  for  them.  We  attended  an  appointed 
meeting  in  this  place  to  good  satisfaction. 
Thence  we  rode  to  Weare,  and  had  meetings 
at  each  of  their  meeting-houses,  wTbicb  were 
comforting  and  strengthening  seasons;  and 
then  with  peace  of  mind  we  rode  homo. 

6th  month  6th.  Before  our  Monthly  Meet- 
ing this  day,  I  spread  a  concern  which  had 
some  years  been  drawing  to  maturity,  to 
make  a  religious  visit  to  Friends  and  some 
others  in  some  of  the  Middle  and  Southern 
States.  I  felt  satisfied  in  making  the  offering 
and  peace  attended  my  mind.  Into  this  meet 
ing  was  introduced,  from  our  Preparative 
Meeting,  a  complaint  of  an  affecting  nature, 
which  evidently  produced  agitation,  in  great 
measure  occasioned  by  the  interference 
human  wisdom  working  in  the  strong  will  of 
man  ;  but  by  careful  management,  through 
the  gracious  aid  of  Him  whose  cause  it  is,  it 
was  so  treated,  as  to  give  reason  to  hope  it 


nity. 

17th  to  19th.  Attended  the  several  sittings 
of  the  Yearly  Meeting  for  business,  which 
was  conducted  to  good  satisfaction. 

22nd.  With  a  peaceful  mind  rode  home. 

26th.  Settled  down  again  to  my  usual  avo- 
cation, under  sweet  tranquillity  of  mind,  for 

hich  I  desire  to  bo  thankful,  and  to  com- 
memorate the  gracious  dealings  of  the  Lord 
toward  me,  a  worm  of  the  dust. 

th  mo.  lltb.  Monthly  Meeting  at  Salem. 
Lamentable  indeed  it  is  to  behold  the  ravages 
and  baneful  effects  of  creaturely  wisdom  in 
presuming  to  take  part  in  the  transactions  of 
church  affairs  !  Such  is  the  blindness  of  that 
wisdom,  which  is  from  beneath,  that  whatso- 
ever it  sees  not,  in  relation  to  religious  things, 
it  is  very  apt  to  think  no  one  else  can  see. 
But  it  is  blinded  by  the  god  of  this  world ; 
and  the  mysteries  of  the  Gospel  and  of  the 
kingdom  of  Jesus  Christ,  are  wisely  and  pro- 
foundly secreted  from  its  deepest  researches 
and  prying  investigations.  O,  that  men  were 
wise,  that  they  understood  this  !  and  that  they 
would  consider  their  latter  end !  how  would 
one  chase  a  thousand,  and  two  put  ten  thou- 
sand to  flight ! 

At  this  time  Friends  gave  me  a  certificate 
for  my  southern  journey. 

20th.  Thomas  Scattergood,  Susanna  Home 
and  company  came  to  our  house,  and  on  First- 
day  were  acceptably  at  our  meeting.  Their 
services  were  a  strength  to  some  drooping 
minds. 

25th.  Went  to  Boston  with  those  Friends, 
and  attended  an  appointed  meeting  held  in 
the  Methodist  chapel,  so-called.  The  gather- 
ing of  people  was  very  large,  and  the  meeting 
satisfactory,  and,  it  is  believed,  to  the  edifica- 
tion of  many  minds.  They  manifest  attach- 
ment to  Friends,  and  a  desire  for  such  meet- 
ings among  them. 

Great  indeed  is  the  change  in  the  minds  of 
the  inhabitants  of  this  town  towards  our  So- 
ciety, since  our  ancestors  in  the  love  of  the 
Gospel  first  entered  this  land.  Formerly  in- 
fluenced by  an  overheated  and  bigoted  zeal, 
like  that  which  marked  the  character  of  Paul 
when  he  made  havoc  of  the  Church,  and  per- 


370 


THE    FRIEND. 


secuted  its  members  unto  death  ;  they  perse- 
cuted the  faithful  and  devoted  witnesses  to 
the  Truth;  imprisoned  and  beat  them  in  the 
open  streets;  pursued  them  from  town  to  town, 
and  divers  of  them  were,  by  their  arbitrary 
and  cruel  laws,  executed  in  Boston  by  the 
hangman,  for  no  fault  than  their  noncon- 
formity to  their  modes  of  worship,  and  some 
unreasonable  requisitions  of  the  ruling  powers, 
which  they  could  not  for  conscience  sake 
comply  with,  as  the  records  of  that  time 
abundantly  show.  Now  in  the  very  seat  of 
this  tragical  scene,  the  scale  is  turned.  The 
people,  "particularly  of  Boston,  and  the  in- 
habitants and  rulers  of  the  land  generally, 
are  very  favorably  disposed  towards  us,  and 
desire  to  obtain  further  acquaintance  with  us 
and  knowledge  of  our  principles.  This  calls 
for  gratitude,  and  circumspect  walking,  that 
we  "may  maintain  the  ground  so  dearly  pur- 
chased by  those  worthies,  and  sustain  the 
character  and  standing  of  a  truly  Christian 
people. 

8th  month  17th.  Left  my  school  for  the 
present.  Notwithstanding  the  trials  attend- 
ing such  a  servitude,  having  kept  it  most  of 
the  time  for  seventeen  years,  it  is  no  light 
thing  to  resign  up  the  charge  of  so  many  little 
plants  who  have  long  been  the  objects  of  my 
care  and  affectionate  solicitude;  and  have  oft 
been  made  near  to  my  tender  feelings,  with- 
out the  expectation  of  ever  meeting  them  all, 
if  any  of  them,  in  this  capacity  again.  But 
they  are  under  the  care  of  that  beneficent 
Providence,  without  whose  notice  not  a  hair 
falleth  to  the  ground. 

21st  and  22nd.  At  our  Quarterly  Meeting 
at  Berwick,  where  an  endorsement  was  made 
on  the  certificate  recently  given  me  by  our 
Monthly  Meeting. 

24th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  in  the 
upper  part  of  Berwick,  where  Truth  had  the 
ascendency.  Blessed  be  the  Holy  Helper,  at 
all  times  the  same,  though  men  are  liable  to 
change. 

31st.  Expecting  soon  to  be  separated  from 
all  my  domestic  enjoyments,  from  all  that  is 
dearest  to  mo,  to  become  a  pilgrim  in  the 
earth  ;  be  near,  O  Lord,  in  the  hour  of  trial. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Roman  Notes  on  the  Fulfilment  of  Prophecy. 

(Concluded  from  page  363.) 

"And  the  fifth  angel  poured  out  his  vial 
upon  the  seat  of  the  beast;  and  his  kingdom 
was  full  of  darkness;  and  they  gnawed  their 
tongues  for  pain," — xvi.  10. 

"  And  they  blasphemed  the  God  of  heaven, 
because  of  their  pains  and  their  sores,  and  re- 
pented not  of  their  deeds," — xvi.  11. 

Guided  by  the  principles  that  had  led  him 
thus  far,  J.  Fleming  predicted  that  the  fifth 
vial  would  be  poured  out  upon  Rome,  the  seat 
of  the  beast,  and  of  the  woman  clad  in  scarlet 
which  eat  thereon. 

His  remarkable  language  on  page  59  of  his 
Sermon,  is  as  follows:  "The  5th  vial,  verses 
10,  11,  which  is  to  '  be  poured  out  on  the  seat 
of  the  beast,'  or  the  dominions  that  more  im- 
mediately belong  to  and  depend  upon  the 
'  Roman  Sec;'  that  I  say,  this  judgment  will 
probably  begin  about  the  year  1704,  and  ex- 
pire about  a.  d.  1848.  *  *  *  The  Supreme 
Bishop  *  *  cannot  bo  supposed  to  have  any 
vial  poured  upon  his  seat  immediately  *  *  * 
until  the  year  1848.  *    *  But  yet  wo  aro  not 


to  imagine  that  this  vial  will  totally  destroy 
the  papacy  (though  it  will  exceedingly  weak- 
en it),  for  we  find  this  still  in  being  and  alive 
when  the  next  vial  is  poured  out," 

Now  we  know  that  in  1800  the  papal  chair 
was  vacant  for  nearly  a  year,  and  that  the 
pope  died  an  exile  and  a  prisoner.  We  also 
know  that  the  popular  fury  and  libertinism 
of  the  French  Republicans  inoculated  the 
impulsive  Italians  and  rendered  it  unsafe  for 
the  arrogant  pretensions  of  a  pontiff,  and  thus 
the  consistory  dared  not  meet  to  choose  a 
successor  until  the  presence  of  a  Russian 
army  enabled  them  to  shut  themselves  up  in 
conclave  for  the  purpose.  Hardly  had  the 
new  pope  prevailed  upon  the  Catholic  powers 
to  restore  the  curtailed  "  States  of  the  Church," 
when  these  were  seized  upon  by  Napoleon, 
who  seemed  disposed  to  wring  out  the  re- 
maining life-blood  of  the  papal  power  by  his 
enforced  money  requisitions.  Three  times 
since  the  almost  total  collapse  of  the  papal 
throne,  has  its  mysterious  power  been  resusci- 
tated and  been  again  apparently  brought  near 
to  destruction;  the  last  time  when  the  people 
of  Rome,  in  1848,  arose  in  rebellion,  murdered 
the  prime-minister,  and  the  pope  escaped  in 
the  disguise  of  a  footman  on  a  coach-box,  and 
left  the  eternal  city  to  the  mercies  of  the  ex- 
cited populace,  with  Garibaldi  at  their  head. 

These  events  have  happened  in  our  own 
day,  and  almost  before  our  own  eyes.  It  was 
in  1848,  the  year  predicted  by  Fleming  as 
that  which  should  see  the  especial  pouring 
out  of  this  vial,  that  the  Pope  Pius  IX.  was 
driven  from  Rome,  and  his  place  occupied  by 
the  triumvirs  of  new  "  Republica  Romana." 
They,  in  1849,  issued  copper  money  of  their 
own  coining  bearing  the  appropriate  inscrip- 
tion "  God  and  the  People !"  The  first  stage 
of  the  prophecy  has  thus  been  wonderfully 
fulfilled. 

But  let  us  proceed  to  the  next  and  more 
decisive.  Again,  in  1870,  the  army  of  the 
pope  was  defeated  by  the  Piedmontese,  and 
the  head  of  the  Church  "the  woman  clad  in 
purple,  who  bore  the  heathen  title  and  ruled 
over  the  souls  of  millions  and  who  bought  the 
souls  of  men,"  Rev.  xviii.  13,  who  was  "clad 
in  scarlet,"  was  finally  despoiled  of  his  estates 
and  driven  into  a  remote  corner  of  the  city. 
At  length  Victor  Emmanuel,  (how  remark- 
able the  name,  prophetic  of  the  evangeliza- 
tion of  Italy)  entered  Rome,  and  was  hailed 
not  as  a  conqueror  but  as  a  deliverer,  having 
received  the  overwhelming  vote  of  the  peo- 
ple.* In  the  striking  words  of  Whittier,  "  the 
despotism  of  a  thousand  years  fell  at  a  touch 
in  noiseless  rottenness,  the  people  of  Rome 
casting  their  vote  of  condemnation — Mty  to 
one — like  so  many  shovelsful  of  earth  upon 
its  grave." 

God  hath  avenged  you  on  her,  xviii.  20. 
Where  for  ages  no  Protestant  worship  was 
permitted  within  the  walls  of  Rome,  now, 
1883,  there  are  17  such  places  for  worship 
opened,  and  there  are  many  schools  by  several 
sects  of  the  reformed  religion.    But  more  than 

*  In  the  room  of  the  Museum  in  the  capitol  at  Rome, 
devoted  to  the  remarkable  collection  of  antique  marble 
busts  of  the  Ciesars,  the  following  inscription  appears 
upon  a  large  tablet  placed  upon  the  wall, — a  historical 
memento  of  a  wonderful  day  for  Rome. 

"  S.P.Q.R.  Victor  Emmanuel  II.,  having  come  for 
the  first  time  to  his  Rome,  on  the  31st  of  December, 
1870,  was  saluted  in  this  Hall  of  the  capitol,  by  a  de- 
monstration of  the  people,  who  proclaimed  liiiii  their 
Liberator.  Placed  here  by  a  Municipal  Committee." 
The  original  is  of  course  in  the  Italian  language. 


all  is  it  apparent  how  that  God  hath  avenge 
his  children  on  her  when  we  see  the  Wa 
denses,  whom  Rome  for  centuries  continue; 
to  harry  with  fire  and  sword,  have  come  t] 
the  front  as  one  of  the  great  evangelizing 
forces  of  modern  Italy. 

Again,  beneath  the  very  shadow  of  the  In 
quisition  buildings  was  printed  and  publish! 
the  first  Bible  issued  from  Rome.  Beneatl 
the  very  shadow  of  the  "Holy-office,"*  whene 
have  issued  commands  for  the  murder  b; 
sword,  by  fire  and  by  torture  of  thousands  o' 
Christians,  whose  only  offence  was  that  the 
obeyed  God  as  He  taught  them  through  tha 
blessed  book,  has  it  at  last  come  forth  to  ait 
in  destroying  the  power  of  the  woman  tha 
sitteth  upon  the  beast. 

How  wonderful  the  fulfilment  of  the  pre 
phecy!  How  striking  to  us  who  aro  here  ii 
the  midst  of  the  scenes  and  who  feel  its  re 
ality,  who  know  that  we  are  here  enjoying 
"the  blessed  liberty  of  the  sons  of  God.  "f 

As  respects  the  pouring  out  of  the  sixtl 
vial,  J.  Fleming  remarks  in  a  manner  no  \es> 
extraordinary,  and  the  fulfilment  of  his  pre 
diction  is  equally  remarkable. 

"And  the  sixth  angel  poured  our  his  via 
upon    the   great   river   Euphrates ;   and  tht 
water  thereof  was  dried  up,  that  the  way  o 
the  kings  of  the  East  might  be  prepared," 
xvi.  12. 

Following  the  principle  that  had  led  hire 
to  foresee  the  French  Revolution  and  th< 
downfall  of  the  pope,  he  predicts  that  befort 
the  close  of  the  19th  century,  and  near  to  itt 
close,  the  sixth  vial  shall  be  poured  out  or| 
the  Turk.  This  has  already  come  to  pass  if) 
a  remarkable  manner  in  our  own  day. 

Whether  by  the  term  "  kings  of  the  east"  isl 
meant  to  imply  the  Russian  who  has  crushed 
Turkey  in  Europe,  or  the  Englishman  whe 
has  just  subdued  Egypt,  or  Turkey  in  Africa1 
is  of  minor  import.  That  the  Queen  of  Eng 
land  should,  at  this  juncture,  have  beer' 
adorned  with  the  title  of  "Empress  of  India' 
is  truly  significant.  And  truly  by  the  extra- 
ordinary subjugation  of  Turkey  and  of  Egypt 
and  the  acquisition  of  the  control  of  the  Sue2 

*  It  is  proper  that  I  add,  W.  C.  VanMeter  did  nol 
print  the  first  Bible  in  Rome  immediately  beneath  the 
windows  of  the  so-called  ''Holy-office"  or  Inquisition, 
and  near  to  the  Vatican,  from  any  desire  to  act  in  the 
spirit  of  bravado,  but  he  was  compelled  to  accept  this 
site,  secretly  offered  him,  after  every  other  opening  had 
been  closed  by  the  vigilant  spies  and  intriguers,  the 
priests.  So  remarkably  was  he  aided  in  his  season  ol 
extreme  necessity,  and  when  about  to  despair,  that  he 
regarded  the  opportunity  as  a  Divine  interposition  im- 
mediately extended  in  the  cause  of  Truth. 

t  LI"  commenting  on  chapter  16th  of  the  Revela- 
tions, Elizabeth  Webb  remarks  that  the  work  of  God  is 
twofold,  i.  e.,  spiritual  and  temporal.  The  spiritual 
lesson  she  draws  from  the  pouring  out  of  the  vials  is 
thus  expressed  :  "  Wherever  the  prince  of  the  power  of 
darkness,  the  god  of  this  world,  rules,  there  the  beast 
rules,  for  the  dragon  gave  him  his  power  and  his  seat, 
and  great  authority.  But  now  the  Prince  of  light  and 
life,  who  is  the  true  and  right  heir,  being  upon  return- 
ing to  his  kingdom,  the  usurper  is  brought  to  judgment, 
and  a  vial  of  the  wrath  of  God  is  poured  out  upon  his 
seat,  and  his  kingdom  is  full  of  darkness.  This  is  a 
spiritual  darkness  that  brings  with  it  such  horror  and 
terror  that  none  can  imagine  hut  those  who  have  felt 
something  of  it,  when  the  beast  and  the  man  of  sin 
have  been  brought  to  judgment  in  themselves.  And 
this  work  of  God  can  be  read  in  the  line  of  experience 
by  all  those  that  turn  to  God  with  the  whole  heart,  and 
do  or  shall  give  up  the  man  of  sin  to  the  righteous 
judgments  of  God  in  themselves,  and  let  the  enemies  of 
his  Son,  Jesus  Christ,  be  slain  by  his  sharp  two-edged 
sword,  to  wit,  his  Divine  Word.  These  do  and  will 
find  mercy,  and  be  supported  by  the  word  of  faith  and 
patience  and  comfort  by  the  Holy  Ghost."] 


THE    FRIEND. 


371 


Uanal,  the  "  way  of  the  kings  of  the  east"  may 
oe  said  to  have  "  been  prepared  !" 

But  the  end  is  not  yet,  and  we  may  rest  in 
,he  assured  faith  that  in  the  fulness  of  time 
here  will  be  heard  "  the  voice  of  a  great  mul- 
,itude.  and  the  voice  of  many  waters,  and  as 
,he  voice  of  mighty  thunderings,"  saying 
vhen  "Babylon  shall  be  thrown  down  and 
shall  be  found  no  more  at  all,"  "the  kingdom 
f  the  world  is  become  the  kingdom  of  the 
jord  and  of  his  Christ;  and  He  shall  reign 
or  ever  and  ever." 

J.  S.  L. 
Rome,  Italy,  4th  mo.  7th,  1883. 


Seductive  Religious 

The  follies  and  extravagances  of  the  prc- 
ent  da)*,  in  all  their  alluring  and  deceptive 
nfluences,  are  no  where  better  exemplified 
ban  under  the  specious  guise  of  religious  and 
cvolent  work.  Take  up  almost  an)'  daily 
lewspaper,  and  there  Satan  can  be  seen  trans- 
ormed  into  "  an  angel  of  light."  "Church 
airs,"  " Socials,"  "Festivals,"  "Musical  and 
iterary  entertainments,"  "Suppers."  "  Tab- 
eaux,"  &c,  form  a  large  part  of  the  means 
ised  to  promote  the  financial  interests  and 
o-called  religious  life  and  growth  of  the  vari- 
"  churches,"  Christian,  temperance  and 
benevolent  organizations  of  the  land.  Thus 
be  young  and  unwary  have  a  trap  laid  to 
insnare  their  feet,  and  turn  them  aside  into 
>y  and  forbidden  paths,  wherein  the  senses 
,re  pleased  and  the  head  filled  with  airy  no- 
ions,  and  the  precious  seed  and  germ  of  di- 
ine  life  in  the  soul  is  crushed  and  dwarfed, 
intil  a  spiritual  death  supervenes;  and  that 
eal  life  and  light  which  is  the  blessed  berit- 
ge  of  Christ's  followers  and  children,  is  saeri- 
iced  for  the  world  ;  and  its  specious  transi- 
ory  enjoyments  take  the  place  of  that  inner 
ife  "hid  with  Christ  in  God;"  so  that  these 
ire  mistaken  for  the  inexpressible  joy  and 
jomfort  experienced  by  the  humble,  ci-oss- 
tearing,  dependent  followers  of  the  meek  and 
owlj-  Jesus. 

O  be  not  deceived  ye  simple,  careless  ones, 
3y  any  device  of  the  enemy  of  your  soul's 
jeace;  but  seek  by  continued  watchfulness 
ind  prayer,  to  abide  near  the  dear  Master  ; 
ind  He  will  lead  and  guide  you  into  the  green 
pastures  of  his  divine  and  holy  love,  and  be- 
>ide  the  still  living  waters  that  flow  from  the 
hreshhold  of  his  throne,  where  your  weary 
'ouls  can  be  refreshed ;  weary  of  the  world's 
aollow,  fleeting  pleasures,  where  there  is  nothi- 
ng substantial  to  feed  upon.  Then,  why  feed 
3n  the  dry  busks  of  an  empty  profession,  when 
ihe  Lord  bas  prepared  a  bountiful  table  at 
tvhich  He  alone  presides,  and  all  the  guests 
who  are  bidden,  feast  on  the  rich  food,  even 
he  hidden  manna  of  the  Heavenly  Kingdom. 

O  be  not  deluded  by  the  false  spirit  abroad 
n  the  world — for  the  Lord  will  have  a  proved 
ind  tried  people,  who  delight  to  walk  in  the 
straight  and  narrow  way  which  leadeth  up  to 
jternal  life.  Woe  to  the  pastors  and  teachers 
who  seek  to  turn  aside  into  the  broad  way 
which  leads  to  destruction  and  death  !  "  Come 
t/e  out  from  among  them  and  be  ye  separate," 

eturn  unto  the  Lord  and  He  will  have 
mercy  upon  you,  and  to  our  God  who  will 
abundantly  pardon."  My  soul  salutes  all 
those  who  are  hungering  and  thirsting  after 
righteousness,  and  who  are  earnestly  seeking 
for  that  food  which  perisheth  not. 

My  mind  has  been  brought  into  close  exer 


cise  on  account  of  the  grievous  departures  of 
professing  Christians,  who,  in  the  restlessness 
of  their  spirits  and  in  the  activity  of  the  crea- 
ture, are  devising  ways  which  stifle  the  holy 
desires  after  the  simplicity  of  the  truth  as  it 
is  found  in  Jesus.  And  I  am  grieved  also, 
when  I  see  so  many  of  our  own  members, 
both  younger  and  older,  here  and  there  join- 
ing in  and  becoming  a  part  and  parcel  of 
secret,  oath-bound  organizations,  and  other 
enterprises,  having  ostensibly  a  good  object 
in  view,  [such  as  the  Good  Templars],  yet  by 
unlawful  means  (under  the  Gospel)  violating 
the  wholesome  requirements  of  discipline  and 
our  long  established  principles,  practices,  and 
testimonies,  tending  to  corrupt  the  Church  ; 
bringing  it  into  error,  confusion  and  dark- 
ness; and  thus  weakening  the  hands  of  those 
who  endeavor  to  uphold  the  true  standard  of 
pure  undefiled  religion.  Let  us  seriously  re- 
fleet  on  what  these  pernicious,  seductive  and 
delusive  influences  are  likely  to  lead  into; 
and  dwell  nearer  the  fountain  of  all  true 
wisdom  and  knowledge;  and  our  awakened 
minds  will  come  to  realize  the  beauty  and 
excellency  of  that  better  way  that  brings  us 
into  harmony  with  the  divine  will,  and  we 
will  then  experience  that  sweet  heavenly 
peace  and  joy  that  is  born  of  God  and  not  of 
the  world.  J.  Bell. 

San  Jose,  California,  oth  mo.  21st,  1S84. 


For  "The  Friend." 

Wanderings  in  New  Britain. 

(Continued  from  page  364.) 

During  an  excursion,  in  company  with  a 
missionary  named  Brown,  to  Spacious  Bay, 
a  deep  indentation  in  the  north-east  coast  of 
New  Britain,  W.  Powell  met  with  some  peo- 
ple who  seemed  to  have  had  little  or  no  inter- 
course with  white  people.  He  observed  on 
the  beach  a  large  number  of  natives,  who  were 
waving  green  branches  and  gesticulating  to 
them.  After  landing,  "the  natives  at  first 
appeared  to  be  rather  shy  of  us,  but  after 
some  little  persuasion,  and  showing  them 
strings  of  beads  and  red  cloth,  they  began  to 
venture  round  us;  whereupon  we  began  to 
barter  for  some  small  things  they  were  wear- 
ing, such  as  armlets,  necklets,  &c.  The  first 
man  who  obtained  a  few  beads  appeared  to 
be  so  much  overcome  by  his  immense  wealth 
(as  soon  as  he  had  them  in  bis  hands),  that 
he  rushed  off  along  the  beach,  yelling  like  a 
maniac.  After  this  others  were  more  eager 
to  obtain  a  similar  treasure,  and  pressed 
d  us,  trying  to   barter  everything  they 


and  nodding  their  heads,  several  natives  ran 
off,  evidently  in  quest  of  the  pig  we  required. 

"  After  this  they  were  very  much  more 
friendly,  and  took  us  off  to  show  us  a  village 
close  by.  When  we  got  near,  it  struck  me  at 
once,  seeing  no  women  or  children  about,  it 
must  be  a  village  they  had  conquered  ;  and 
this  idea  as  we  came  closer  was  confirmed  by 
large  heaps  of  bones  lying  about,  all  charred 
and  blackened  by  fire.  There  was  no  appear- 
ance of  any  one  living  in  the  houses  of  this 
conquered  village,  and  that  was  because  of  a 
superstition  they  had  in  common  with  the 
natives  more  to  the  north  of  the  island,  name- 
ly, that  if  a  man  lives  in  the  house  of  an  en- 
emy he  has  killed  in  battle,  he  will  be  haunted 
by  the  dead  man's  spirit.  The  houses  were 
beautifully  made,  and  far  superior  to  any  I 
had  seen  before  in  New  Britain;  they  were 
of  a  semicircular  shape,  with  the  roof  sloping 
down  to  the  ground  at  the  back,  and  the 
front  filled  in  by  beautifully  constructed  wick- 
er-work, having  a  small  door.  The  inside  of 
each  house  was  really  very  well  decorated, 
with  figures  and  designs,  some  burnt  into  the 
wood,  others  stained  in  with  dyes  made  from 
the  juices  of  various  nuts.  The  village  itself 
was  built  in  a  circle,  with  an  open  space  in 
the  centre,  which  was  planted  with  small 
trees  and  variegated  plants. 

"  We  bought  a  good  many  curious  imple- 
ments of  war  and  ornaments  from  these  na- 
tives ;  they  had  shields  really  very  cleverly 
ornamented,  and  their  spears  were  the  most 
dangerous  weapons  of  that  description  I  have 
seen  in  New  Britain,  the  points  of  them  tipped 
with  a  cassowary's  claw,  only  fastened  on 
with  a  kind  of  wax  or  gum  ;  so  that  when  the 
spear  entered  the  body,  the  cement  would  be 
melted  by  the  heat,  and  on  the  weapon  being 
drawn  out,  the  cassowary's  claw  be  left  em- 
bedded in  the  flesh. 

"  Some  of  the  ornaments  were  fairly  well 
carved  ;  these  were  tortoise-shell  ear-rings, 
armlets  of  the  same  material,  or  made  of  the 
spiral  conch-shell,  and  curious  masks  made  of 
net-work,  and  cleverly  worked  in  with  feath- 
ers, which  they  stretch  over  their  faces  when 
dancing.  They  also  wore  a  neatly  stained 
waist-cloth  marked  in  good  patterns,  in  most 
cases  with  red,  yellow  and  black." 

"  After  this  excursion  to  Spacious-bay,  we 
returned  to  Makada  harbor,  (Duke  of  York 
Island),  where  we  lay  some  few  days.  One 
morning  I  was  awakened  by  feeling  and 
hearing  something  grating  violently  against 
the  ship's  side,  and  running  up  on  deck  found 


roun< 

had  on,  even  the  very  rings  out  of  their  ears.ithe  whole  of  the  harbor  covered  with  huge 
"  Wishing  to  purchase  a  pig,  and  not  know-  blocks  of  pumice-stone,  and  indeed  as  far  as  I 


ng  to  purchase  ap- 
ing very  well  how  to  set  about  it,  as  I  was 
ignorant  of  the  dialect,  I  asked  Brown  what 
would  be  the  best  way  of  making  them  un- 
derstand. 'Why  don't  you  try  grunting?' 
he  said.  Whereupon  I  began  to  grunt  most 
vociferously.  The  effect  was  magical  ;  some 
of  them  jumped  back,  holding  their  spears  in 
readiness  to  throw,  some  ran  away,  covering 
their  eyes  with  their  bands,  and  all  exhibited 
the  utmost  astonishment  and  alarm  ;  in  fact, 
it  was  so  evident  that  they  expected  me  to 
turn  into  a  pig,  and  their  alarm  was  so  irre- 
sistibly comic,  that  Brown  and  I  both  burst 
out  laughing,  which  gradually  reassured  them 
and  those  who  had  run  away  came  back. 

"  Upon  my  drawing  a  pig  on  the  sand  with 
a  piece  of  stick,  and  making  motions  of  eat- 
ing, it  suddenly  seemed  to  strike  them  what 
was  wanted,  for  they  all  burst  out  laughing, 


could  see  over  towards  New  Britain,  the  sea 
was  covered  ;  it  really  appeared  as  though 
one  could  walk  to  New  Britain  on  it,  or  as 
one  of  the  natives  expressed  it,  '  as  though 
the  bottom  of  the  sea  had  jumped  up.' 

"  We  then  heard  that  a  groat  eruption  had 
taken  place  in  the  volcano  situated  at  the 
foot  of  the  Mother  Mountain,  and  the  smoke 
and  the  fire  could  be  plainly  seen.  Next  day 
we  set  out  for  Blanche  Peninsula,  in  order  to 
get  a  nearer  view  of  the  sight,  but  we  found 
we  had  to  go  a  long  way  round  to  the  north- 
ward, to  avoid  the  enormous  fields  of  pumice 
stone  that  bad  been  drifted  down  the  chan- 
nel. It  seemed  almost  impossible  that  such 
a  large  quantity  could  have  been  ejected  from 
one  volcano,  without  blowing  up  the  whole 
surrounding  country. 
I     "  We  lauded  to  the  north  of  Nod  up,  and 


372 


THE    FRIEND. 


climbed  the  "Mother,"  which  was  to  the 
windward  of  the  volcano,  and  therefore  safe 
from  the  stones  and  cinders.  From  our  sit- 
uation we  could  gaze  down  into  the  fiery 
crater  beneath.  In  the  evening  the  sight  be- 
came more  grand — it  was  awful.  Every  few 
moments  there  would  come  a  huge  convul- 
sion, and  then  the  very  bowels  of  the  earth 
seemed  to  be  vomited  from  the  crater  into 
tho  air ;  and  enormous  stones,  red  hot,  the 
size  of  an  ordinary  house,  would  be  thrown 
up  almost  out  of  sight,  when  they  would 
burst  like  a  rocket,  and  fall  hissing  into  the 
sea.  At  the  same  time  angry  flames  would 
dart  up,  almost  to  the  altitude  on  which  we 
stood,  and  of  the  most  dazzling  brightness  ; 
then  all  would  diedown  toa  low,  sulphureous 
breathing,  spreading  a  blue  flame  all  over  the 
mouth  of  the  crater. 

"  At  the  first  outbreak  of  this  eruption 
there  rose  in  one  night  on  the  west  shore  of 
Blanche  bay,  an  island  of  about  two  miles  in 
extent,  and  seventy  feet  high,  having  a  cra- 
ter in  the  centre  filled  with  boiling  water. 
The  new  island  is  at  least  five  miles  from  the 
volcano,  and  those  who  were  on  Matupi  Is- 
land that  night  state  that  a  line  of  fire  rose 
through  the  water,  across  Blanche  Bay,  from 
the  volcano  to  where  the  island  rose.  About 
a  week  after  the  new  island  had  risen,  we  at- 


life.  He  is  reported  to  have  answered  :  "  Be- 
cause I  feel  that  I  am  a  trustee,  responsible 
for  the  right  use  of  the  money  given  me. 
With  the  experience  that  I  have,  I  believe 
that  I  am  the  person  best  qualified  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  and  duties  of  that  trustee- 
ship. What  certainty  have  I  that  these  pro- 
visions and  duties  would  ever  be  duly  carried 
out  after  my  death  ?  By  making  these  gifts 
in  my  lifetime,  I  am  sure  that  the  precise  ob- 
ject I  desire  is  accomplished  in  just  the  way 
I  want.  And  then  too,  I  am  more  and  more 
convinced  it  is  more  blessed  to  give  than  to 
receive."  Amongst  all  the  good  things  that 
have  been  said  or  written  on  giving,  this 
utterance  is  one  of  the  very  best. 

The  Story  of  a  Blind  Boy. — In  Tennessee, 
some  six-and-forty  years  ago,  a  little  three- 
year-old  boy,  who  was  being  carried  up  to 
bed   by  his  mother,  and  who  had  often  on 


Dr.  Armitage,  in  the  investigation  of  blir 
institutions,  he  took  three  small  houses  nei 
the  Crystal  Palace  Low  Level  Station,  ar 
began  an  experimental  school  in  2nd  mont 
1872.  Two  years  afterward,  aided  by  tl 
Marquis  of  Westminster,  who  offered  £1,0( 
toward  the  purchase  of  a  larger  house  calk 
The  Mount,  he  removed  his  school  to  th 
more  convenient  building,  which  formed  th 
nucleus  of  the  present  college,  but  which 
now  onty  a  small  part  of  it,  so  rapidly  hf 
the  work  extended,  and  to  such  a  magnitud 
has  it  grown,  principal.}'  through  his  exe 
tions. 


Selecte. 

A  LULL  IN  LIFE. 
"  And  He  said  unto  them,  Come  ye  apart  into  a  dese 
place  and  rest  awhile  :  for  there  were  many  comii 
and  going,  and  they  had  no  leisure  so  much  as 
eat."— Matt.  vi.  31. 

Oh,  for  a  "desert  place"  with  only  the  Master's  srnil 
Oh,  for  the  "  coming  apart,"  with  only  his  rest  awhil 
Many  are  "coming  and  going"  with  busy  and  restle 

feet, 
And  the  soul  is  hungering  now,  with  no  "leisure  i 

much  as  to  eat." 


Dear  is  my  wealth  of  love  from  many  and  valued  friend 
Best  of  the  earthly  gifts,  a  bountiful  Father  sends; 
Pleasant   the   counsel   sweet,  and   the   interchange  c 

thought ; 
Welcome  the  twilight  hour  with  musical  brightnet 

fraught. 


such  occasions  gazed  with  delight  upon  the 

bespangled   heavens,  said  to  her,  "Why  is 

so  dark  ?     Why  does  not  God  light  up  the 

stars  for  your  little   boy?"      The   mother's 

tears  fell  upon  her  child's  face  as  she  listened 

to  the  question,  for  she  knew  that  the  curtains 

of  a  darkness  which   was  not  in  the  clouds 

had  shut  out,  not  the  stars  only,  but  the  light 

of  the  sun,  from  her  child's  vision.     The  little 
tempted  to  land,   and   found  the  surface  still  fellow  was  Francis  Joseph  Campbell,  who  is 

too  hot  to  allow  us  to  stand  still  upon  it  ;   we  '  now  the  principal,  and  who  was  the  originator    Dear  is  ll,e  work  He  gives  in  many  a  varied  way, 
had  to  keep  moving  quickly  to  prevent  ouiJof  the  Boyal  Normal  College  for  the  Blind  at  Little  enough  in  itself,  but  something  for  every  day - 
feet  being  burnt.     The  water  in   the  crater  Upper  Norwood.     The  story  of  his  career r^ffi*?  **"  " 

was  still  boiling,  and  throwing  up  large  quan-  reads  like  a  romance.  |  Whether  to  soothe  or  teach,  whether  to  aid  or  cheer. 

titles  of  steam.  I  have  read  much  of  the  achievements  of,  ,      ,      T ,,,,.., 

"  The  eruption  of  the  volcano  lasted   up-  blind  people,  but  never  such  a  history  as  this,  ^t0' ' ,a'  ,  h^M?  Prlz*  the  treasure  ot  valued  friend, 
i,,^  nf„  „T„„*i     „„j  iL„  ,   .     i,„ct!i         u      xx-       •    iJ  l-  xi    j     I     xi-  'Not  that  I  turn  away  from  the  work  the  Master  sends' 

wards  of  a  month,  and  the  whole  ot  Blanche  ;His  sight  gone,  ho  was  petted,  but  his  wasi  YetI  have  longed  for  a  pause  in  the  rush  and  whir 
±5ay,  and  a  great  part  ot  St.  Georges  Chan-  not  a  nature  to  be  spoiled.     As  he  listened  to|        of  time; 

the  voices  of  other  children  at  play  and  work  [Longed  for  silence  to  fall,  instead  of  its  merriest  chime 

inactivity  was  not  to  be  borne,  and  before  heL        d  for  a  hush  to  the  harmonieg  of  thoHghtl 

was  seven  years  old   he  bad  taught  himself  Round  each  melodious  strain,  that  the  harp  of  life  hat! 

many  ways  of  pleasantly  and  usefully  passing!        caught, 

his  time.     Entering  a  school  of  the"  blind  at  And  time  for  the  fitful  breeze  Aeolian  chords  to  bring 

Nashville  at  ten  years  of  age,  so  eager  was  Waking  the  music  that  slept,  mute  in  the  tensionless 

he  for  knowledge  that 


nel  were  so  thickly  covered  with  pumice- 
stone  that  it  was  impossible  for  a  vessel  to 
force  a  way  through.  The  pumice  hangs 
together  in  large  masses  by  capillary  attrac- 
tion, and  there  settles  round  the  edge  of  this 
floating  mass  a  white  foam,  caused  by  the 
incessant  washing  of  the  water  and  the  grind- 
ing together  of  the  blocks.  This  in  the  dis- 
tance appears  identical  with  breakers." 

(To  be  continued.) 

For  "  The  Friend." 

Turning  over  the  leaves  of  an  old  Scrap 
Book  recently,  the  following  articles  were 
noticed  with  interest;  their  connection  and 
publication  seemed  appropriate  at  the  present 
time. 

GIVING  ! 

"  Freely  ye  have  received,  freely  give,"  is 
a  Divine  injunction.  The  habit  of  giving, 
like  that  of  prayer,  is  helpful  to  our  spiritual 
welfare,  and  it  grows  by  being  exercised.  It 
is  a  duty  to  give  freely  of  that  which  God 
has  entrusted  to  us.  In  the  exercise  of  this 
grace  we  are  not  always  to  wait  till  we  are 
solicited  for  aid,  but  we  must  go  out  and  seek 
for  opportunities  of  helping  others.  The  Lord 
Jesus  came  down  from  Heaven  to  minister  to 
the  souls  and  bodies  of  men,  and  so  we  are  to 
minister.  Our  money  is  given  to  us  to  help 
one  another,  as  well  as  to  provide  for  our  own 
wants.  The  early  Christians  sold  their  pos- 
sessions, that  distribution  might  be  made  to 
those  who  were  in  need.  The  more  we  culti- 
vate this  spirit  the  better  and  tho  happier 
Christians  we  shall  become. 

WISE    GIVING. 

A  munificent  philanthropist  was  recently 
asked  why  he  gave  away  so  much  during  his 


thin  three-quarters 
of  an  hour  after  his  admission  he  had  learned 
the  embossed  letters  of  the  alphabet.  Marvel- 
lous as  it  may  appear,  be  delighted  in  such 
outdoor  exercises  as  hunting  and  fishing, 
learned  to  ascend  the  most  inaccessible  moun- 
tain cliffs,  to  climb  trees,  to  cut  down  timber, 
and  he  feared  neither  danger  nor  difficulty. 
He  plunged  into  mathematics,  Latin  and 
Greek  ;  and  as  the  da3^time  was  principally 
occupied  in  teaching,  he  studied  at  night, 
employing  two  readers,  one  of  whom  read  to 
him  until  10  p.  m.,  then  he  went  to  bed,  with 
an  alarm  clock  set  at  2  a.  m.  When  it  awoke 
him  he  dragged  his  second  reader  out  of  bed, 
and  resumed  his  work.  No  wonder  that  such 
a  man  soon  acquired  resources  of  enjoyment 
and  powers  of  usefulness  possessed  by  few  of 
the  sighted. 

In  1868  F.  J.  Campbell  visited  Europe.  He 
went  wherever  he  could  learn  anything  as  to 
the  various  systems  for  the  instruction  of  tho 
blind,  and  reached  London  in  1st  month,  1871, 
thinking  to  return  to  America.  But  by  a  train 
of  circumstances  his  purpose  was  changed. 
Attending  a  tea-meeting  of  between  three  and 
four  hundred  blind  people  in  London  he  was 
overpowered  by  what  ho  learned  of  the  sad- 
ness of  "  helpless — not  helpful — blindness." 
He  felt  that  by  proper  training  the  miserable 
"  objects  of  charity"  might  have  been  mado 
self-sustaining,  useful  members  of  society. 
After  spending  some  time,  in  conjunction  with 


to  shine  on  the  fountains  ol 


string  ! 

Longed  for  a  calm  to  let  the  circles  die  away, 
That  tremble  over  the  heart,  breaking  the  heavenly  ray 
And  to  leave  the  wavering  mirror  true  to  the  Stai 

above — 
Brightened  and  stilled  to  its  depths,  with  the  quiet  oi 

"  perfect  love." 
Longed  for  a  Sabbath  of  life,  a  time  of  renewing  ol 

youth, 
For  a  full-orbed 

holy  truth  ; 
And  to  fill  my  chalice  anew  with  its  waters  fresh  and 

sweet — 
While  resting  in  silent  love  at  the  Master's  glorious 

feet. 
There  are  songs  which  only  flow  in  the  loneliest  shades 

of  night; 
There   are   flowers  which   cannot  grow  in  a  blaze  ol 

tropical  light; 
There  are  crystals  which  cannot  form  till  the  vessel  be 

cooled  and  stilled  ; 
Crystal  and  flower  and  song,  given  as  God  hath  willed. 

There  is  work  which  cannot  be  done  in  the  swell  of  a 

hurrying  tide, 
But  my  band  is  not  on  the  helm,  to  turn  my  bark  aside, 
Yet  I  cast  a  longing  eye  on  the  hidden  and  waveless 

pool, 
Under  the  shadowing  rock,  currentless,  clear  and  cool. 

Well  I  will  wait  in  the  crowd,  till  He  shall  call  me 

apart, 
Till  the  silence  fall  which  shall  waken  the  music  of 

mind  and  heart; 
Patiently  wait  till  He  gives  the  work  of  my  secret 

choice, 
Blending  the  song  of  life  with  the  thrill  of  the  Master's! 

— Frances  R.  Havergal. 


THE    FRIEND. 


373 


Skepticism. 

To  those  who  may  sometimes  be  brought 
ito  contact  with  persons  who  profess  skepti- 
ism  respecting  Christianity,  and  especially 
3  those  who  are  conscious  of  any  tendency 
i  their  own  minds  to  listen  to  the  objections 
f  these  persons,  it  may  be  useful  to  observe, 
bat  the  grounds  upon  which  skeptics  build 
heir  disbelief  of  Christianity  are  commonly 
ery  slight.  The  number  is  comparatively 
5W  whose  opinions  are  the  result  of  any 
jlerable  degree  of  investigation.     They  em 


saw  at  Lord  Shelburne's."  If  these  philo- 
sophical men  rejected  Christianity  in  such 
contemptible  and  shameful  ignorance  of  its 
nature  and  evidences,  upon  what  grounds  are 
we  to  suppose  the  ordinary  striplings  of  in- 
fidelity reject  it? 

How  then  does  it  happen  that  those  who 
affect  skepticism  are  so  ambitious  to  make 
their  skepticism  known?  Because  it  is  a 
short  and  easy  road  to  distinction  ;  because 
it  affords  a  cheap  means  of  gratifying  vanity. 
To  "rise  above  vulgar  prejudices  and  super- 
stitions,"— -"to  entertain  enlarged  and  liberal 


raced  skeptical  notions  through  the  means 

rhich  they now  take  of  diffusing  them  among  opinions,      are  phrases    of  great  attraction 

especially  to  young  men;  and  how  shall  they 
3how  that  they  rise  above  vulgar  prejudices, 
how  shall  they  so  easily  manifest  the  enlarge 
ment  of  their  views,  as  by  rejecting  a  system 
which  all  their  neighbors  agree  to  be  true? 
They  feel  important  to  themselves,  and 
that  they  are  objects  of  curiosity  to  others 
and  they  are  objects  of  curiosity,  not  on  ac 
count  of  their  own  qualities,  but  on  account 


thers, — not  by  arguments,  but  jests;  not  by 
bjections  to  the  historical  evidence  of  Chris- 
ianity,  but  by  conceits  and  witticisms;  not 
y  examining  the  nature  of  the  religion  as  it 
?as  delivered  by  its  Founder,  but  by  expos- 
ng  the  conduct  of  those  who  profess  it,  Per- 
aps  the  seeming  paradox  is  true,  that  no 
len  are  so  credulous,  that  no  men  accept 
mportant  propositions  upon  such  slender 
videnee,  as  the  majority  of  those  who  reject 
Ibristianity.  To  believe  that  the  religious 
pinions  of  almost  all  the  civilized  world  are 
Dunded  upon  imposture,  is  to  believe  an  im- 
■ortant  proposition  ;  a  proposition  which  no 
lan  who  properly  employs  his  faculties  would 
Relieve  without  considerable  weight  of  evi- 
ence.  But  what  is  the  evidence  upon  which 
he  "  unfledged  witlings  who  essay  their 
panton  efforts"  against  religion  usually  found 
heir  notions?  Alas!  they  are  so  far  from 
laving  rejected  Christianity  upon  the  exami- 
lation  of  its  evidences,  that  they  do  not  know 
phat  Christianity  is.  To  disbelieve  the  re- 
Igion  of  Christianity  upon  grounds  which 
hall  be  creditable  to  the  understanding  in- 
volves no  light  task.  A  man  must  investigate 
;nd  scrutinize;  he  must  examine  the  credi- 
iility  of  testimony  ;  he  must  weigh  and  com- 
>are  evidence ;  he  must  inquire  into  the  reality 
»f  historical  facts.  If,  after  rationally  doing 
',11  this,  he  disbelieves  in  Christianity — be  it 
o.  I  think  him,  doubtless,  mistaken,  but  I 
lo  not  think  him  puerile  and  credulous.  But 
ie  who  professes  skepticism  without  any  of 
his  species  of  inquiry  is  credulous  and  puerile 
ndeed  ;  and  such  most  skeptics  actually  are. 

Concerning  unbelievers  and  doubters  of 
very  class,  "one  observation  may  almost  uni- 
ersally  be  made  with  truth,  that  they  are 

ttle  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  the  Chris- 
ian  religion,  and  still  less  with  the  evidence 

y  which  it  is  supported."  In  France,  skepti- 
jism  has  extended  itself  as  widely  perhaps  as 
0  any  country  in  the  world,  and  its  philoso- 
ihers,  forty  or  fifty  years  ago,  were  ranked 
i,mong  the  most  intelligent  and  sagacious  of 
nankind.  And  upon  wii^l  grounds  did  these 
nen  reject  Christianity  ?  Dr.  Priestly  went 
pith  Lord  Shelburne  to  France,  aDd  be  says. 

I  bad  an  opportunity  of  seeing  and  convers- 
ng  with  every  person  of  eminence  wherever 
ve  came:"  I  found  "all  the  philosopbica' 
persons  to  whom  I  was  introduced  at  Paris 
ievers  in  Christianity,  and  even  pro 
[  atheists.  As  I  chose  on  all  occasions 
o  appear  as  a  Christian,  I  was  told  by  some 
^f  them  that  I  was  the  only  person  they  had 
iver  met  with  of  whose  understanding  they 
lad  any  opinion,  who  professed  to  believe  in 
phristianity.     But  on  interrogating  them  on 

he  subject,  I  soon  found  that  they  had  given 
w  proper  attention  to  it,  and  did  not  really  know 

•hat   Christianity   was.     This   was   also   the 

ise  with  a  great  part  of  the  company  that  I 


hundred  and  fifty  counties,  towns,  and  villages 
in  America,  named  after  that  same  printer 
boy,  Benjamin  Franklin,  the  author  of"  Poor 
Richard's  Almanac." — The  Little  Christian. 

Style  of  Living. — Much  of  the  misery  and 
crime  which  now  afflict  mankind  might  be 
prevented  did  each  individual  and  each  fam- 
ily regard  it  as  a  serious  duty  to  consider  de- 
liberately and  determine  firmly  what  style  of 
living  they  ought  to  adopt.  This  question  is 
too  often  set  aside  and  left  to  determine  itself, 
sometimes  from  an  unworthy  fear  of  looking 
matters  straight  in  the  face,  sometimes  from 
a  mistaken  idea  that  the  subject  itself  is  not 
worth  special  consideration,  and  still  oftener 
from  a  thoughtlessness  that  lives  in  the  pre- 
sent and  dreams  of  no  harm  in  the  future. 
People  drift  into  some  particular  style  of  liv- 
ing without  any  definite  investigation  as  to 
whether  it  is  suitable  to  them,  and  thus  drift- 
tbe  current  often  carries  them  on  into 
here  their  power  of  self-control  ap- 


ing. 

rapids, 


of  the  greatness  of  that  which  they  contemn,  j  pears  almost  lost. 
The  peasant  who  reviles  a  peasant  may  re-  In  this  country,  especially,  where  the  dis- 
vile  him  without  an  auditor,  but  a  province  tinction  of  classes  is  practically  abolished,  the 
will  listen  to  him  who  vilifies  a  king.  I  know ,  temptations  to  undue  expenditures  are  pecu- 
not  that  an  intelligent  person  should  be  ad-  liarly  strong  and  numerous.  In  lands  where 
vised  to  reason  with  these  puny  assailants ;  birth  and  rank  decide  for  each  one  his  cus- 
their  notions  and  their  conduct  are  not  the  tomary  station,  his  aspirations  are  largely 
result  of  reasoning.  What  they  need  is  the 'curtailed,  and  he  is  not  often  induced  to  over- 
humiliation  of  vanity  and  the  exposure  of  step  the  barriers  which  universal  custom 
folly.  A  few  simple  interrogations  would  j  erects.  Here,  however,  there  is  nothing  to 
expose  their  folly;  and  for  the  purposes  of  prevent  any  man  from  assuming  whatever 
humiliation,  simply  pass  them  by.  The  sun  position  he  is  able  to  fill,  and  nothing,  there- 
tbat  shines  upon  them  makesthem  look  bright  fore,  to  discourage  him  from  adopting  any 
and  large.  Let  reason  and  truth  withdraw  style  of  living  which  he  may  see  fit.  Thus  it 
their  rays,  and  theseseemingstars  will  quickly  happens  that  many  men  who  might  other- 
set  in  silence  and  in  darkness.— Dymond.  wise  be  respected  and  valuable  citizens,  sink 

~» into  disaster,  ruin  and  disgrace;  that  many 

The  Printer  Boy. — About  the  year  1725  an 'homes  that  might  be  centres  of  happiness, 
American  boy  some  nineteen  years  old  found  are  blasted  and  forsaken  ;  that  many  of  tho 
himself  in  London,  where  he  was  under  the  young  who  start  in  life  with  high  hopes  and 
necessity  of  earning  his  bread.  He  was  not  fair  prospects,  are  led  gradually  into  courses 
like  many  young  men   in   these  days,   who  of  dishonor  and  cri 


wander  around  seeking  work,  and  who  are 
"willing  to  do  anything"  because  they  know 
how  to  do  nothing;  but  he  bad  learned  how- 
to  do  something,  and  knew  just  where  to  go 
to  find  something  to  do;  so  he  went  straight 
to  a  printing-office,  and  enquired  if  he  could 
get  employment. 

"  Where  are  you  from  ?"  inquired  the  fore- 
man. 

"America,"  was  the  answer. 

"Ah,"  said  the  foreman,  "from  America! 
a  lad  from  America  seeking  employment  as  a 
printer  !  Well,  do  you  really  understand  the 
art  of  printing  ?     Can  you  set  type  ? 

The  young  man  stepped  to  one  of  the  cases, 
and  in  a  brief  space  set  up  the  following  pas- 
sage from  the  first  chapter  of  John  : 

"Nathaniel  said  unto  him,  Can  there  any 
good  thing  come  out  of  Nazareth  ?  Philip 
saith  unttThini,  Come  and  see." 

It-was  done  so  quickly,  so  accurately,  and 
administered  a  delicate  reproof  so  appropriate 
and  powerful,  that  it  at  once  gave  him  in- 
fluence and  standing  with  all  in  the  office.  He 
worked  diligently  at  his  trade,  refused  to 
drink  beer  and  strong  drink,  saved  his  money, 
returned  to  America,  became  a  printer,  pub- 
lisher, author,  Postmaster-General,  member 
of  Congress,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, ambassador  to  royal  courts,  and 
finally  died  in  Philadelphia,  4th  mo.  17th, 
1790,"at  the  age  of  eighty-four,  full  of  years 
and  honors ;  and  there  are  now  more  than  a 


Sometimes  it  is  an  ambitious  wife  who  urges 
her  husband  to  extravagant  outlay  of  money, 
that  she  may  rival  or  outshine  her  neighbors. 
The  handsome  equipage,  or  new  furniture,  or 
costly  set  of  furs,  which,  she  declares,  are  no- 
thing more  than  others  have,  may  be  the  be- 
ginning of  their  mutual  ruin.  Restrained  by 
no  self-imposed  barrier,  these  desires  increase 
and  multiply';  the  legitimate  business  no  lon- 
ger keeps  pace  with  them  ;  speculation  is 
resorted  to,  and  a  life  of  wearing  care  begins, 
bringing  all  kinds  of  imaginable  evils  in  its 
train.  She  may  plead  that  she  did  not  know 
her  husband's  resources,  and  this  is  indeed 
one  fruitful  source  of  domestic  extravagance 
and  unhappiness.  Never  was  there  a  more 
absurd  fallacy  than  to  expect  a  judicious  reg- 
ulation of  the  style  of  living  by  one  who  does 
not  know  the  means  at  command.  Together 
should  husband  and  wife  discuss  this  matter, 
with  equal  understanding  and  full  confidence  ; 
and  if  this  were  faithfully  observed  in  the 
homes  of  our  land  the  amount  of  financial  dis- 
tress would  be  largely  decreased.  But  tho 
husband  himself  is  much  more  frequently  the 
culpable  one  in  living  beyond  the  income  of 
the  household,  his  error  arising  from  the  de- 
sire to  make  a  show  of  "living  like  other 
people"  better  off  in  money  than  himself  (or 
possibly  more  reckless)  ;  a  show  that  brings 
no  real  satisfaction,  and  that  too  often  brings 
debt  and  wretchedness  in  its  train. 

What,  then,  arc  the  limits  which  a  free  man 


374 


THE    FRIEND. 


or  woman,  in  a  free  land,  must  impose  upon 
himself  or  herself  in  order  to  live  honestly, 
consistently,  and  without  undue  anxiety? 
Simply  to  contract  no  debts  for  the  future  to 
pay,  and  so  to  regulate  the  expenditure  that 
without  reckoning  on  extra  possibilities,  it 
comes  easily  within  the  known  and  certain 
income.  Whether  that  income  be  small  or 
great,  it  should  never  be  exceeded — except 
when  unavoidable  misfortune  compels.  This 
is  trite  advice,  but  it  is  one  of  those  things 
which  can  hardly  be  emphasized  too  strongly 
or  repeated  too  often. — Public  Ledger. 

Danger  in  Stock  Speculation.— I  crossed  the 
Atlantic  three  or  four  years  ago  in  company 
with  Ex-Governor  Stannard,  of  Missouri.  On 
the  same  ship,  among  the  passengers,  was  a 
merchant  of  high  standing  and  very  large 
business,  who,  in  conversation  with  the  Gov- 
ernor and  myself,  related  the  following  cir- 
cumstance.    Said  he : 

"  I  was  standing  in  the  second  story  of  my 
establishment  near  the  hatchway  one  after- 
noon. I  saw  one  of  my  book-keepers  rush 
from  the  counting-room  into  the  store  on  the 
floor  below  and  catch  up  the  evening  paper. 
He  turned  instantly  to  the  report  from  the 
stock-market.  He  had  been  with  us  several 
years,  and  we  placed  the  utmost  confidence 
in  him.  There  was  upon  his  face  such  a 
haggard  look  of  intensity  as  he  read  those 
reports  that  I  was  alarmed.  Two  days  later 
I  saw  him  do  the  same  thing.  I  called  my 
partners  together  that  evening,  and  stated 
the  circumstances  to  them,  and  they  agreed 
with  me  that  it  was  time  for  us  to  make  a 
thorough  examination  of  our  books.  We  did 
so,  and  discovered  that  he  had  robbed  us  of 
§1,750  within  the  few  days  immediately  pre- 
ceding. We  summoned  him  to  an  account. 
He  solemnly  declared  it  was  his  first  offence. 
He  explained  how  he  had  been  drawn  in,  and 
besought  us  to  pity  him  and  his  wife  and 
children.  We  were  disposed  to  do  so,  but 
thought  it  best  to  make  a  further  investiga- 
tion, and  found  that  three  months  before  he 
had  taken  some  thousands  of  dollars.  Our 
conviction  was,  from  all  we  could  gather, 
that  he  had  begun  to  speculate  about  a  year  be- 
fore with  his  own  money,  had  met  with  a  few 
successes,  had  thus  been  led  on,  and  had  be- 
gun to  invest  in  such  a  way  that  ho  had  to 
produce  considerably  more  money  than  he 
possessed  to  avoid  the  loss  of  all  that  he  had, 
when  he  yielded  to  the  temptation  and  took 
some  of  our  money.  We  were  compelled  to 
discharge  him,  and  he  is  now  making  a  living 
by  odd  jobs  of  various  kinds.  And,"  said  the 
merchant,  "  after  forty  years'  experience  in 
business,  I  would  not  keep  an  employee  who 
speculated.  I  know  that  he  will  rob  me, 
either  by  stealing  from  me  directly,  or  by 
having  his  mind  so  absorbed  in  his  specula- 
tions as  to  rob  me  by  not  being  worth  the 
salaiy  that  I  pay  him  for  the  devotion  of  his 
best  abilities  to  mo." — Chr.  Adv. 

There  are  some  persons  to  whom  worldly 
success  would  be  an  unmitigated  curse;  na- 
tures which  require  to  be  pruned  and  checked 
to  prevent  them  from  becoming  utterly  cor- 
rupt. To  wish  worldly  success  for  such  per- 
sons is  to  wish  them  a  draught  of  poison.  It 
would  be  afar  greater  (though,  perhaps  an 
unnecessary  and  an  ill-advised)  kindness  to 
look  gravely  into  the  eyes  of  such  a  one,  and 
say :  "  I  wish  you  business  failure,  poverty, 


disappointment,  sorrow  ;  knowing  that  in  so 
doing  I  wish  you  the  best  that  in  God's  grace 
can  now  befall  you."  Such  a  wish,  so  ex- 
pressed, would  be  startlingly  unconventional ; 
but  it  would  probably  have  much  more  sin- 
cerity and  much  more  worth  than  the  care- 
less "  Success  to  you  !"  of  society. 


that  of  the  external  air  ;  under  a  linen  cove 
let  the  increase  rose  to  12°,  and  under  a  ft  I 
ther  quilt  from  30°  to  40°.  The  excretion  ] 
carbonic  acid  gas  was  found  to  be  hinden' 
under  every  form  of  cover,  with  the  exce 
tion  of  the  woollen  one.  A  rise  of  temper! 
ture  also  was  produced,  and  an  increast 
frequency  of  pulse  and  respiration.  Si 
conditions  are  unfavorable  from  a  hygien 
point  of  view,  especially  to  those  persons  pr 
disposed  to  scrofulous  affections.  The  use  i 
materials  through  which  evaporation  can  tali 
place,  in  preference  to  those  through  whic 
it  cannot,  forms  the  simple  and  efficient  meat 
of  avoiding  the  dangers  which  a  checked  ci 
taneous  perspiration  must  always  present  t 
those  predisposed  to  scrofulous  discases.- 
Popular  Science  News. 

Contest  for  a  fish. — One  day,  when  wre  wer 
lying  at  anchorage  [in  the  waters  of  Patagt 
nia],  I  saw  a  cormorant  rise  to  the  surfac 
with  a  large  fish  in  its  mouth,  which,  for  sei 
eral  minutes  it  vainly  attempted  to  swallov 
I  noticed  it  chucking  the  fish  about  until 
had  got  hold  of  it  by  the  head,  but  even  the 
it  seemed  unable  to  swallow  the  savory  raoi 
sol.  A  flock  of  Dominican  gulls  now  appeal 
ed  on  the  scene,  and  seeing  the  state  of  affaii 
at  once  swooped  down  on   the  unlucky  coi 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Places  of  Pilgrimage  sources  of  Pestilence. — 
Samuel  W.  Baker,  in  his  work,  "  In  the  Heart 
of  Africa,"  speaks  of  "  holy  shrines  as  the  pest 
spots  of  the  world;"  he  says: — "The  holy 
places  of  both  Christians  and  Mahomedans 
are  the  receptacles  for  people  of  all  nations 
and  classes  who  have  arrived  from  all  points 
of  the  compass.  The  greater  number  of  such 
people  are  of  poor  estate,  and  many  have 
toiled  on  foot  from  immense  distances,  suffer- 
ing from  hunger  and  fatigue,  and  bringing 
with  them  not  only  the  diseases  of  their  own 
remote  countries,  but  arriving  in  that  weak 
state  that  courts  the  attack  of  any  epidemic. 
Thus  crowded  together,  with  a  scarcity  of 
provisions,  a  want  of  water,  and  no  possibil- 
ity of  cleanliness,  with  clothes  that  have  been 
unwashed  for  weeks  or  months,  in  a  camp  of 
dirty  pilgrims,  without  any  attempt  at  drain- 
age, an  accumulation  of  filth  takes  place  thatlmorant,  but  the  wily  bird  discomfited  tber 
generates  either  cholera  or  typhus;  the  lat- 
ter, in  its  most  malignant  form,  appears  as 
the  dreaded  "plague."  Should  such  an  epi- 
demic attack  the  mass  of  pilgrims  debilitated 
by  the  want  of  nourishing  food,  and  exhaust- 
ed by  their  fatiguing  march,  it  runs  riot  like 
a  fire  among  combustibles,  and  the  loss  of  life 
is  terrific.  The  survivors  radiate  from  this 
common  centre,  upon  their  return  to  their 
respective  homes,  to  which  they  carry  the 
seeds  of  the  pestilence  to  germinate  upon 
new  soil  in  different  countries.  Doubtless  the 
clothes  of  the  dead  furnish  materials  for  in- 
numerable holy  relics  as  vestiges  of  the  ward- 
robe of  the  prophet.  These  are  disseminated 
by  the  pilgrims  throughout  all  countries, 
pregnant  with  disease;  and,  being  brought 
into  contact  with  hosts  of  true  believers,  Pan- 
dora's box  could  not  be  more  fatal." 

Woolen  clothing  and  bed  covering. — Dr.  O. 
Paulsen,  of  Hamburg,  in  investigating  the 
functions  of  the  skin,  refers  to  the  large  quan 


by  diving  and  carrying  the  fish  with  it.  I 
was  now  most  ludicrous  to  witness  the  disaj: 
pointed  appearance  of  the  gulls,  as  they  sa 
in  a  group  on  the  water  looking  foolishl; 
about.  After  an  interval  of  about  half-a-inir 
ute  the  cormorant  reappeared  some  distanc 
off  with  the  fish  still  in  its  mouth  ;  and  nov 
one  of  the  gulls  succeeded  at  last  in  snatchin; 
the  fish  from  its  grasp,  and  flew  away  with 
rapidly^  up  a  long  winding  arm  of  the  sea 
At  this  critical  moment  a  Skua  gull  hove  ii 
sight,  and  gave  chase  to  the  fugitive  gul 
until  a  turn  in  the  creek  concealed  both  bird 
from  sight,  but  left  us  safely  to  conjectur 
that  the  last  comer  had  ultimately  the  satis 
faction  of  consuming  the  fish." — Cruise  of  th 
Alert.  ^^^^^ 

Items. 

—  The  Pror/raw  of  International  Arbitration  in  Italyy 
— This  is  the  title  of  a  pamphlet  written  by  aii 
Italian  lawyer  named  Norza.  It  appears  that  st- 
early  as  1856,  the  then  Kingdom  of  Sardinia  :' 


tity  of  water  daily  excreted  by  it,  and  to  the 

tendency  to  disease  caused  by  anything  which  [duced  an  arbitral  clause  m  a  treaty  with  C 
interferes  with  this  process.  In  an  atmos-  Since  that  time,  a  similar  clause  has  been  intro 
phere  overcharged  or  nearly  saturated,  with' duced  u,t0  the  treaties  made  by  the  Kingdom  o 
aqueous  vapor 'this  evaporation  is  diminish- llfalv  with  Venezuela,  Costa  Rica,  Siam,  Burmah 
ed;  and  the  same  thing  must  of  necessity  ,( 'r0"f  1"'1|;""-  f'"-  Ily  this  any  dispute,  which  thi 
■     '  ,  4l        ,    „  .*»         „     ,      ,      ..     •>,.li>:irtics  are  uiiahlc  tn  settle  aii'icahlv,  is  to  be  refer 

happen  where  the  clothing  of  the  body  is  of.1,,)  t„  a  IU,Htrill  Ililli()11  ,„,.  its  d(,,Uon.  In  1873  , 
such  a  nature  as  to  prevent  evaporation  from  motion  was  carried  in  the  Italian  Chamber  of  Depu. 
taking  place  with  sufficient  rapidity.  In  al-  ties,  pledging  the  Chamber  to  the  propriety  of  in> 
most  all  grades  of  society  the  choice  of  mate-  serting  such  a  clause  in  all  future  conventions  be 
rials  for  clothing  has  been  determined  hith- 
erto more  by  the  dictates  of  custom,  tradition, 


or  present  fashion,  than  by  any  consideration 
of  furthering  or  hindering  the  natural  func- 
tion of  the  skin.  Numerous  experiments  have 
been  from  time  to  time  carried  out  with  a 
view  to  determining  the  relative  value  of  va- 
rious materials  from  this  point  of  view.  The 
results  obtained  prove  that  the  permeability 
of  flannel  and  woollen  stuffs  is  nearly  double 
that  of  linen,  and  more  than  doublo  that  of 
silk.  Dr.  Paulsen  himself  made  careful  ob- 
servations of  the  degree  of  moisturein  his  own 
bed  during  a  number  of  nights,   usinjr   bed- 


clothes of  different  material.   Under  i 
cover  the  increase  of  moisture  wai 


woollei 
5°  ovei 


tween  Italy  and  other  civilized  nations. 

—  Brutality  of  War.  —  The  Penryn  Atlrrrtisei 
(England)  quotes  a  letter  from  the  Army  and  Navj 
Gazette,  written  by  an  officer  in  the  English  army, 
and  describing  some  of  the  incidents  of  one  of  the 
late  battles  with  the  Arabs.  It  is  too  horrible  tc 
quote.  The  Advertiser  makes  the  following  com- 
ments : — 

"This  then  is  a  fighter's  description  of  the  worl 
which  has  been  performed  in  this  Christian  age  by 
our  countrymen,  and  here  are  the  thoughts  of  those 
who  serve  under  the  demon  of  war  !  mien  we  read 
of  one  -thirsting  for  more  blood,'  whilst  another  ia 
called  a  '  splendid  boy,'  because  he  '  fought  like  a 
devil,'  we  are  almost  led  to  think  we  are  still  in  the 
dark  ages,  instead  of  being  the  most  civilized  coun- 
try in  the  world,  with  the  boast  of  having  the  Book 
of  all  books  for  our  guide !     Can  such  work  as  this 


THE    FRIEND. 


375 


e  pleasing  in  the  sight  of  Him  who  preached 
Peace  on  Earth?'  Can  He  who  said,  ' Blessed  are 
ae  Peacemakers,'  look  with  love  on  those  from  a 
Jhristian  land  who  '  thirst  for  more  blood'  and  who 
sem  to  glory  in  the  idea  that  they  'fought  like 
evils.'  And  let  us  give  a  thought  to  those  who 
■ere  killed  on  the  battlefield — they  who  after  slay- 
lg  perhaps  four  or  five  of  their  fellow  men — they 
30  at  last  are  cut  down,  with  vengeance  in  their 
earts,  and  sent  fresh  from  the  awful  murderous 
ork  before  the  Prince  of  Peace.  Sad,  sad  it  is  to 
link  about.  This  love  for  the  red  coat,  pike  and 
ayonet;  and  the  roar  of  the  war  trumpet,  is  one  of 
le  greatest  evils  of  this  Christian  age,  and  it  be- 
oves  every  thinking  Christian  to  do  his  best  to 
verthrow  this  dread  demon  of  destruction." 
1 — Connection  of  Church  awl  State. — Bishop  Foster 
as  been  publishing  in  the  Christian  Advocate  some 
otes  of  his  travels  in  the  East.  Having  been  much 
arjoyed  by  the  conversation  between  a  member  of 
ie  Greek  Church,  and  of  the  Established  Church 
f  England,  he  remarks  as  follows  : — 
"The  State  Church,  whether  in  the  Romish, 
reek,  English,  or  German  form,  is  the  ally  of 
eathenism.     In  each  it  may  be  potent  as  a  creature 

Lthe  State  to  put  forward  formal  and  ceremonial 
ristianity,  but  it  will  obstruct  Christianity  itself, 
ibstituting  its  form  for  its  spirit  and  power,  and 
egenerating  it  into  a  mere  ritual.  Its  essence  is  as 
uch  lost  under  one  ritual  as  another,  when  the 
tual  is  put  for  the  thing.  And  there  is  abundant 
roof,  as  we  passed  through  the  countries  where 
lese  forms  prevail,  that  the  baptized  mass  may  be 

corrupt  and  ignorant,  and  be  sunk  as  low  as  in 
5athenism  pureandsimple,  aud  the  fostered  church 
p.  not  only  content  with  it,  but  promotive  of  it. 
fitness  the  countries  where  the  Roman  host  has 
ipreme  sway,  and  the  regions  where  the  Greek 
burch  exists  alone,  and  has  been  absolutely  su- 
•eme  for  ages.  Alongside  of  heathenism  there  is 
it  little  discernible  difference.  The  same,  if  not 
ue  to  an  equal  extent  in  England  and  Germany, 

relieved  only  by  the  prevalence  of  a  potent  dis- 
Et,  which  has  made  the  legitimate  result  impos- 
ble." 


THE    FRIEND. 


SIXTH  MONTH  28,  1884. 


The  sittings  of  London  Yearly  Meeting 
Dmmenced  on  Fourth-day,  5th  mo.  21st. 
rora  the  detailed  reports  of  its  proceedings 
ublished  in  The  British  Friend  and  the  {Loti- 
on) Friend,  it  is  evident  that  among  the 
tembers  of  that  meeting  there  exists,  as 
;ated  by  the  London  Friend,  '•  a  wide-spread 
g  of  uneasiness  as  to  certain  features  of 
ur  American  correspondence."  This  subject 
as  brought  up  in  the  reading  of  Epistles 
W  other  Yearly  Meetings.  The  first  ex- 
ression  of  views  reported  was  from  a  Friend 
ho  said : 

The  Yearly  Meeting  should  now  take  a 
eeided  course  with  respect  to  the  recognition 
f  certain  bodies,  to  the  exclusion  of  others. 
[e  believed  that  if  they  ceased  to  correspond 
ith  all  for  a  time,  it  might  be  the  most  prac- 
cal  way  of  meeting  the  difficulty,  because  it 
ust  be  known  that  those  we  correspond 
ith  were  in  a  favored  position  with  regard 
i  the  others.  The  oldest  meeting  with  which 
e  were  in  correspondence  was  that  of  New 
ork,  and  it  was  no  secret  that  a  hired  minis- 
ry  was  there  exercised,*  and  practices  pre- 
ailed  which  had  long  been  recognized  in  this 
>untry  as  incompatible  with  the  Society's 

A  late  number  of  The  Gospel  Expositor  contains  the 
llowing  :  "  Luke  Woodard,  formerly  of  Indiana,  and 
=ently  of  Toronto,  Ontario,  has  accepted  the  pastorate 
Friends'  Church  at  Glen's  Falls,  New  York,  in  place 
David  J.  Douglass,  resigned." 


principles.  The  lamentable  differences  in 
Canada  were  largely  attributable  to  the  action 
of  the  New  York  Yearly  Meeting  a  few  years 
ago.  He  should  be  very  sorry  to  judge  hardly  of 
any  in  America,  but  it  was  a  question  whether 
we  were  not  compromising  our  own  principles 
by  corresponding  with  only  certain  sections. 
He  felt  strongly  that  we  should  cease  corres- 
ponding for  the  present  with  all  the  meetings 
on  the  American  continent." 

The  consideration  of  this  question  was  soon 
passed  from,  to  be  revived  later  in  the  course 
of  the  business,  and  was  finally  left  for  another 
3-ear  ;  but  the  principles  involved  in  it  were 
largely  discussed  in  the  case  of  Canada  Yearly 
Meeting. 

Some  supported  a  proposition  not  to  write 
at  all.  Others  advocated  tbe  issuing  of  an 
Epistle  to  all  bearing  the  name  of  Friends  in 
Canada,  fearing  lest,  if  we  appeared  to  place 
more  confidence  in  one  party  than  the  other, 
we  should  weaken  our  influence  in  any  effort 
we  might  make  to  bring  about  a  reconcilia- 
tion. Others  again  thought  that  as  for  three 
years  already  we  had  corresponded  with  one 
party  only,  and  had  never  received  any  com- 
munication from  the  other,  our  ceasing  to 
write  to  them  now  that  the  law-suit  had  not 
been  in  their  favor,  would  be  misunderstood." 

One  Friend  stated,  that  Frionds  in  Canada 
had  been  excluded  from  their  meeting-houses 
for  their  maintenance  of  our  ancient  prin- 
ciples ;  and  that  it  had  been  said  that  the  sec- 
tion of  the  Society  in  Canada  whom  London 
Yearly  Meeting  did  not  correspond  with,  and 
who  had  now  obtained  the  decision  of  the 
courts  in  their  favor,  were  the  seceding  body  ; 
but  he  wished  that  Friends  would  suspend 
their  judgment  on  this  point.  He  believed 
that  in  previous  similar  cases  in  America  the 
Yearly  Meeting  had  recognized  the  real  se- 
ccders ;  who  were  those  who  went  from  the 
Truth  and  not  those  who  held  to  the  Truth. 

Another  Friend  stated  (as  mentioned  in  a 
private  letter)  that  if  Friends  in  England  had 
been  subjected  to  the  same  pressure  as  in 
some  parts  of  America,  by  the  introduction 
of  singing  and  other  novelties  into  meetings 
for  worship,  separations  would  have  occurred 
among  themselves. 

Another  Friend  queried  why  they  must  be 
judge  of  every  difference  on  the  American 
continent?  He  thought  they  should  consider 
whether  the  time  had  come  either  to  cease 
correspondence  with  American  Yearly  Meet- 
ings, to  correspond  with  all,  or  to  send  them 
one  general  Epistle.  Another,  who  appeared 
to  hold  similar  views,  "  hoped,  if  correspond- 
ence were  to  be  continued,  that  Friends  would 
take  a  rather  larger  and  broader  view  of  the 
matter  than  they  had  done  hitherto.  He  be- 
lieved that  there  were  many  whom  George 
Fox  would  have  called  tender  people  even 
among  the  Hicksites,  and  if  this  Yearly 
Meeting  possessed  influence  with  American 
Friends  it  was  better  to  gather  all  sections 
together  than  to  make  unnecessary  distinc- 
tions." 

The  issue  of  the  deliberations  on  the  whole 
matter  was,  to  send  an  epistle  as  usual  to  the 
body  in  Canada  with  which  London  Yearly 
Meeting  had  before  been  in  correspondence; 
and  to  send  over  a  deputation  of  four  Friends, 
who  were  to  visit  both  of  the  bodies  in  that 
country.  For  that  service,  J.  13.  Braith- 
waite,  William  Eobinson,  Thomas  Harvey  and 
Thomas  Pumphrey,  were  selected.  These 
were  also   left   at  liberty  to   labor  in  other 


parts  of  America,  as  they  might  individually 
feel  their  minds  drawn. 

We  believe  this  committee  are  now  in 
America,  and,  before  these  lines  reach  our 
readers,  will  have  attended  some  of  the  meet- 
ings in  Canada.  If  any  real  good  is  to  follow 
from  their  labors,  it  would  seem  as  if  this 
must  mainly  arise  from  convincing  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Larger  Body  there  of  their  error 
in  departing  from  the  ancient  standards  of 
the  Society,  as  is  pointed  out  by  Judge  Proud- 
foot  in  his  decision  of  the  suit  respecting  the 
Westlake  property.  This  seems  to  us  the 
beginning  point  of  a  true  reconciliation.  For 
unless  there  is  a  return  on  their  part  to  a  be- 
lief in  and  practice  of  our  original  principles, 
it  is  neither  probable  nor  desirable,  that  those 
who  have  passed  through  much  suffering  in 
order  that  they  might  worship  according  to 
the  manner  of  our  fathers,  will  voluntarily 
enter  again  into  the  atmosphere  of  discord 
and  confusion  from  which  they  have  escaped. 

There  are  many  yet  living  who  remember 
the  former  course  of  London  Yearly  Meeting, 
especially  in  the  case  of  the  division  in  Ohio 
in  1854,  in  which  it  knowingly  set  aside  the 
claims  of  order  and  discipline,  and  recognized 
as  The  Yearly  Meeting  of  Ohio  a  bod}-  which 
had  no  legitimate  claim  to  that  title  ;  and  thus 
gave  an  impetus  to  those  departures  from  the 
principles  of  Friends,  which  have  since  so 
largely  developed  and  produced  such  bitter 
fruits.  To  such  Friends,  there  seems  an  in- 
consistency in  that  body  undertaking  the 
office  of  healing  those  breaches  which  it  was 
partly  instrumental  in  producing;  and  there 
would  be  much  stronger  hopes  of  success  at- 
tending its  efforts  if  it  were  preceded  by  an 
acknowledgment  of  its  own  error,  and  such 
reparation  of  the  evil  as  is  in  its  power  to 
effect.  There  are  many  whose  hearts  would 
lea])  for  joy,  and  who  would  accept  as  a  proof 
of  Divine  favor  and  goodness,  a  clear  evidence 
that  this  parent  of  all  our  Yearly  Meetings, 
to  which  we  looked  up  with  respect  border- 
ing on  reverence,  was  again  putting  on  the 
beautiful  garments  of  ancient  zeal  and  fidelity 
to  the  principles  of  Quakerism,  and  once  more 
holding  up  to  the  world  the  pure  standard 
given  to  our  Society  to  be  displayed  because 
of  the  Truth. 

In  London  Yearly  Meeting,  the  Report  of 
the  Home  Mission  Committee  called  forth 
some  diversity  of  sentiment.  A  number  of 
Friends  objected  to  the  re-appointment  of  the 
Committee,  preferring  that  those  who  wished 
to  enter  on  such  labors  should  do  so  on  their 
own  authority,  and  that  the  Yearly  Meeting 
should  not  be  made  responsible  for  operations 
in  which  the  principles  of  Friends  had  not 
been  maintained.  The  committee  was  re- 
appointed. 

The  tabular  statement  showed  the  whole 
number  of  members  to  be  15,223.  The  num- 
ber of  deaths  during  the  year  had  been  259, 
and  of  births,  193.  This  excess  of  deaths 
over  births  also  exists  in  tbe  Eastern  Yearly 
Meetings  in  America. 

A  friend  has  suggested  the  publication  of 
some  remarks  by  Jonathan  Dymond  on  the 
motives  which  are  often  influential  in  induc- 
ing persons  to  embrace  or  profess  skeptical 
opinions.  They  are  written  in  the  calm  and 
thoughtful  style  which  is  characteristic  of  the 
productions  of  this  able  exponent  of  sound 
principles;  and  will  be  found  in  another  part 
of  our  columns. 


376 


THE    FRIEND. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— In  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  the  22nd 
instant,  the  House  bill  granting  right  of  way  through 
the  Indian  Territory  to  the  Gulf,  Colorado  and  Santa 
Fe  Railway  Company,  was  read  a  third  time  and,  after 
being  amended,  was  passed. 

On  the  23d  instant  the  House  of  Representatives  con- 
sidered the  Sundry  Civil  Appropriation  bill,  and  after 
several  amendments,  it  was  passed  by  a  vote  of  180 
yeas  to  35  nays. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  has  announced  two  de- 
cisions on  the  Scott  liquor  law.  In  one  of  the  cases  the 
Court  declares  the  second  section  of  the  law  pertaining 
to  a  first  lien  on  the  premises  unconstitutional,  and 
leaves  the  rest  of  the  law  valid  and  operative  as  here- 
tofore. The  question  of  constitutionality  of  the  whole 
law  is  held  not  to  be  raised  in  the  case,  and  the  Court 
stops  with  the  record.  The  liquor  dealers  will  there- 
fore be  required  to  pay  the  Gth  month  collection  tax 
under  the  law,  leaving  the  matter  open  for  a  further 
test  before  the  semi-annual  payment  in  the  12th  month. 
The  Saloon  Keepers'  Association  of  Chicago,  at  a  secret 
meeting  on  Fifth-day  night,  the  19th  instant,  resolved 
to  refuse  payment  of  taxes  under  the  Scott  law,  and 
thus  compel  suits  in  all  cases.  There  are  grounds  for 
believing  that  the  temperance  cause  is  quietly  but 
steadily  gaining  ground  in  this  State. 

It  is  announced  that  fourteen  of  the  physicians  of 
Oneonta  have  pledged  themselves  not  to  prescribe  al- 
cohol or  alcoholic  liquors  to  their  patients  unless  in  ex- 
tremely necessary  cases,  and  have  also  pledged  them- 
selves to  condemn  its  use,  in  the  interests  of  health  and 
morality. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Markets  and  City 
Property,  held  in  Philadelphia  on  Gth  mo.  lSlli,  a  com- 
munication was  presented  by  our  friend  Josiah  W. 
Leeds,  complaining  that  weekly  papers  of  the  nature  of 
"  pernicious  literature"  were  sold  at  the  two  news  stands 
in  the  Public  Buildings.  The  communication  was  re- 
ferred to  a  sub-committee,  who  retired  to  investigate 
the  matter  and  returned  in  a  few  minutes,  having  pur- 
chased some  of  the  periodicals  spoken  of.  The  chair- 
man then  reported  to  the  main  committee  that  the  sub- 
committee was  satisfied  of  the  truthfulness  of  the  com- 
plaint, and  recommended  that  the  chairman  of  the  main 
committee  report  to  Councils  a  resolution  requesting 
the  Public  Building  Commission  to  require  the  news- 
dealers to  exclude  from  their  stands  the  class  of  papers 
mentioned.     This  was  agreed  to. 

The  same  Friend  has  prepared  a  request  to  the  Post- 
master-General for  the  promulgation  of  a  rule  forbid- 
ding the  sale  in  any  of  the  post-offices  owned  or  leased 
by  the  United  States  Government  of  papers  of  an  im- 
moral, depraving  and  otherwise  pernicious  tendency. 
He  asks  the  concurrence  of  religious  people  of  different 
persuasions  in  furthering  this  righteous  concern. 

The  new  law  of  New  York,  amending  the  Penal  Code 
so  as  to  prevent  the  sale  of  vicious  and  indecent  litera- 
ture to  minors,  is  to  be  rigorously  enforced  in  New 
York  city.  The  lawyer  who  drew  up  the  bill  at  the 
instance  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Children  says:  "  We  have  caused  six  thousand  copies 
of  this  bill  to  be  distributed  among  persons  likely  to  be 
interested,  and  we  really  believe  that,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  police  and  the  public,  we  shall  be  able  to  do 
a  great  deal  towards  suppressing  the  trade  in  demoral- 
izing literature  intended  for  the  young.  People  often 
buy  such  stuff  because  they  happen  to  see  it  exposed 
for  sale  or  tacked  up  on  the  news  stands." 

The  new  steamship  America,  Captain  Grace,  of  the 
National  Line,  which  sailed  from  New  York  Gth  mo. 
11th  for  Queenstown  and  Liverpool, arrived  at  the  latter 
place  at  4.25  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  18th  inst. 
The  time  of  her  passage  was  G  days,  14  hours  and  18 
minutes.  This  is  the  fastest  eastward  passage  ever 
made.  The  previous  best  run  was  6  days,  1(1  hours  and 
57  minutes.  The  America  thus  exceeds  the  record  by 
2  hours  and  39  minutes. 

Moy  Citing  was  the  first  Chinaman  to  die  at  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  during  the  six  or  eight  years  that  city  has 
had  a  colony  devoted  to  the  laundry  interest.  He  was 
a  member  of  a  Methodist  First-day  school  class  of  eigh- 
teen Chinese,  which  attended  the  funeral. 

The  Galveston  News  publishes  crop  reports  from 
about  75  agricultural  counties  in  Texas,  which  show 
that  this  year's  wheat  and  corn  crops  promise  to  be  the 
largest  ever  gathered  in  that  State.  The  farmers  are 
now  in  the  midst  of  the  wheat  harvest. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  374, 
which  was  10  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
G7  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  19G  were  males,  and  178  females:  53 
died  of  consumption  ;  22  of  heart  diseases  ;  20  of  pneu- 
monia; 20  of  cholera  infantum  ;  18  of  marasmus  ;  17  of 


scarlet  fever;  16  of  convulsions,  and  15  of  inflamma- 
tion of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4J's,  111  J  ;  4's,  registered,  1182  ; 
coupon,  1193  ;  3's,  101  ;  currency  6's,  123  a  131. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  llj  a  12£  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  Ih  cts.  for  export,  and 
8J  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  moved  slowly  and  prices  favored  buyers.  Sales 
of  1800  barrels,  including  Minnesota  extras,  at  $4  a 
$5.50  ;  Pennsylvania  family  at  $4.50  a  $4,624  ;  western 
"o.  at  $5  a  $5.50,  and  patents  at  J5.75  a  $6.40.  Rye 
our  was  dull  at  $3.30  a  $3.50  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  dull  and  unsettled  :  4000  bush,  red 
sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.08  a  $1.10;  a  choice 
lot  at  $1.12  a  $1.13;  No.  2  at  $1,011  a  $1.08  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at  93  cts. 
per  bushel;  and  No.  2  red  at  $1.01  a  $1.02  Gth  mo., 
$1.01f  a  $1.01-1   7th   mo.,   $1,011  a  $1.01J  8th  mo., 

d  $1.02  a  $1,021  9th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  "were  firm  : 
9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  60  a  61  cts.  per  bushel,  the 
latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  55  a  58  cts.  for  rejected 
'  steamer;  and  lGyiOO  bushels  sail  mixed  at  GO.1,  a 
G2  cts.  Gth  mo.,  60f  a  61J  cts.  7th  mo.,  61 \  a  62  cts.  8th 
mo.,  and  62J  a  63  cts.  9th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were 
unchanged :  8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  35J  a  3S  cts. 
per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  15,000  bushels 
No.  2  white  at  37  a  37|  cts.  Gth  mo.,  37J  a  381  cts.  7th 
mo.,  37  a  38  cts.  8th  mo.,  and  354  a  37  cts.  9th  mo. 
Rye  sells  in  lots  at  70  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  this  week  at  former 
rates:  3100  head  arrived  and  sold  at  5  a  7^  cts.  per 
pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  lower:  12,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards  at  21  a  51  cts.,  and  lambs  at 
3£_a  74.  cts.,  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

"ogs  were  unchanged:  5000  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  the  different  yards  at  71  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  accord- 
'   g  to  quality. 

Foreign. — The  alarm  in  London  on  account  of  the 
movements  of  the  dynamiters,  is  thus  described  in  a 
recent  despatch  received  from  that  city:  "The  police 
are  nervously  active.  London  was  never  so  thoroughly 
patrolled.  Strangers  are  closely  scrutinized,  and  in 
many  cases  '  shadowed'  until  proved  beyond  suspicion. 
All  the  Ministers  are  guarded  by  detectives  to  and  from 
Parliament  and  the  public  offices.  When  Parliament 
's  in  session  visitors  are  discouraged  from  attendance, 
nd  strangers  are  not  allowed  in  the  buildings  at  all.  j 
Before  each  sitting  the  Parliament  Buildings  are 
searched  by  the  police  from  cellar  to  roof;  and  inline-! 
ely  after  each  rising  all  people  are  ejected  from  the 
Palace  yard,  and  the  gates  are  locked  and  placed  under 
guard.  All  the  Ministers  and  a  majority  of  the  Tory 
leaders  have  adopted  the  custom  of  leaving  Parliament 
in  cabs,  the  Ministers  making  their  exits  through  the 
private  entrances.  Luring  each  recess  all  the  corridors 
and  vaults  of  the  Parliament  Buildings  are  constantly 
patrolled  by  special  sentries.  The  Thames  embank- 
ment has  been  placed  under  the  care  of  specially  ap- 
pointed watchmen." 

Earl  Granville  has,  through  the  English  Ambassa- 
dors to  the  Powers,  sent  a  circular  concerning  the 
Egyptian  conference  on  6th  mo.  28th.  The  circular 
briefly  repeats  the  terms  of  the  despatch  of  the  19th  of 
4th  mo.,  suggesting  a  conference,  and  adds  that  the  con- 
ference is  called  to  consider  what  changes  may  be  neces- 
sary in  Ibe  law  of  liquidation  to  restore  financial  order 
in  Egypt.  The  circular  is  attributed  to  a  design  to  in- 
fluence Parliament  by  the  presence  of  the  conference 
during  the  approaching  debate  on  a  vote  of  censure  in 
regard  to  the  Government's  Egyptian  policy.  Before 
sending  the  circular  Earl  Granville  was  assured  of  its 
acceptance  by  France,  Germany,  Austria  and  Italy. 

The  Soudan  rebels  have  captured  the  town  of  Ghia, 
near  the  Abyssinian  frontier.  They  have  also  captured 
six  guns,  300  of  the  garrison,  and  700  camels. 

The  Indian  Government  having  decided  to  construct 
a  railway  from  Candahar,  in  Afghanistan,  to  Quetta,  in 
Beloochistan,  is  now  engaging  a  force  of  40,000  work- 
men for  the  purpose. 

The  committee  appointed  to  consider  the  advisability 
of  widening  the  Suez  Canal  or  building  a  second  one 
parallel  with  the  present  one,  has  decided  in  favor  of 
the  former  plan. 

A  cable  despatch  from  the  English  Consul  at  Tangier 
lys  the  French  intrigues  in  Morocco  have  induced  a 
umber  of  natives  of  TherifT  district,  who  are  under  the 
influence  of  the  Sherif  of  Wazan,  to  demand  a  French 
protectorate,  and  that  Ordega,  French  Minister  to 
Morocco,  has  asked  Prime  Minister  Ferry  to  instruct 
him  with  regard  to  what  action  he  shall  take  in  the 
matter. 


In  the  Spanish  Congress,  on  the  21st  inst.,  the  We 
Indian  members  advocated  the  suppression  of  expo 
duties,  and  the  reduction  of  expenses  from  $34,O(>o,0( 
to  $24,000,000,  and  the  early  conclusion  of  a  treaty  i 
commerce  with  America  as  the  only  meaas  of  extr 
eating  Cuba  from  (he  economical  depression  now  e: 
isting. 

The  Government  declared  that  it  was  impossible  ft 
Spain  to  assume  the  Cuban  debt  and  annual  defici 
and  that  it  was  impossible  to  satisfy  Cuban  aspiratioi 
for  better  commercial  relations  with  America  whic 
would  damage  the  Peninsula  trade  with  the  colonie 
A  slight  reform  was  promised  to  facilitate  trade  betwee 
Spain  and  Cuba.  The  depression,  it  was  declared,  ha 
been  aggravated  by  the  too  rapid  abolition  of  slaver; 
The  reply  of  the  Government  caused  much  discontei 
among  the  Cuban  members. 

'1  he  King  of  the  Netherlands  has  returned  from 
visit  to  Carlsbad,  and  has  held  a  conference  with  th 
Cabinet.  The  President  of  the  Council  has  convoked 
general  State  Council.  The  Cabinet  has  decided  to  n 
sort  to  the  provisions  of  the  law  of  11th  mo.  3d,  184! 
and  will  convene  the  Chambers,  forming  the  State 
General  in  a  plenary  Congress  of  78  Senators  instead  I 
39,  and  172  Deputies  instead  of  86.  This  Congress  wi 
proclaim  Princess  Wilhelmine  successor,  under  th 
Council,  to  the  Regency,  with  Queen  Emma  as  Reger 
and  the  President  of  the  Council  as  Chancellor.  Th 
Cabinet  has  determined  to  refuse  to  share  tutelage  wit 
any  German  branch  of  the  royal  family. 

Excessive  rains  and  inundations  in  Galicia  have  su 
pended  railway  traffic  and  seriously  interfered  with  a 
kinds  of  business.  It  is  rumored  that  250  soldiers  wer 
drowned. 

Despatches  from  Eastern  Europe  bring  intellig 
of  other  disastrous  floods.     The  river  Vistula  has  rise 
16  feet.     The  streets  of  Warsaw  and  of  hundreds 
villages  in  that  region  are  flooded. 

The  crop  reports  from  all  parts  of  the  Province 
Quebec  are  very  promising.     All   the  root  crops  loo! 
well,  hay  will  be  abundant,  there  will   he  an  averag 
fruit  crop  and  grains  are  flourishing. 

The  official  crop  bulletin  for  the  Province  of  Ma 
toba  shows  an  increase  of  85  per  cent,  in  the  average 
last  year.     The  condition  of  the  wheat  is  good,  and  th 
yield  will  be  much   larger  than  in  1883.     The  othe 
crops  are  suffering  somewhat  from  drought. 

Serious  differences  between  the  Radicals  and  Govern 

?nt  party  are  expected  in  consequence  of  the  discus 
sion  looking  towards  the  separation  of  Church  an' 
State  in  Chili. 


FRIENDS'  SELECT  SCHOOL. 
Wanted,  a  teacher  to  assist  in  the  Boys'  School. 
Application  may  be  made  to 

Edward  Bettle,  Jr.,  No.  8  North  Front  St. 
Geo.  J.  Scattergood,  413  Spruce  St. 
Caleb  Wood,  914  Pine  St. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further   notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtowi 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  oonvey  passengers  ti 

the  school. 


AMUSEMENT  FOR  THE  "SHELTER"  CHIL- 
DREN. 

Readers  of  "  The  Friend"  willing  to  dispose  of  partlv 
used  velocipedes  or  express  wagons,  by  sending  then; 
to  "The  Shelter  for  Colored  Orphans,"  44th  Street  ami 
Haverford  Road,  would  confer  much  pleasure  upon  th/ 
inmates. 


Died,  at  his  residence,  near  Parkersville,  Pa.,  4tf 
mo.  6th,  1884,  Stephen  A.  Webb,  in  the  69th  year  o 
his  age,  a  member  of  Kennett  Monthly  Meeting  o 
PViends. 

,  at  his  residence  in  Rancocas,  N.  J.,  on  the  29tl 

of  4th  month,  1S84,  of  paralysis  of  the  brain,  JosepJ 
W.  Hilyakd,  in  the  81st  year  of  his  age,  a  member  o 
Burlington  Monthly  Meeting. 

,   near   Cincinnati,    Ohio,   Gth   mo.   11th,   1884 

Sarah  R.  Smith,  in  the  S4th  year  of  her  age,  a  mem- 
ber and  elder  of  the  Preparative  and  Monthly  Meeting 
of  Burlington,  New  Jersey. 

,  5th  mo.  15th,  Rebecca  T.  Haines,  a  membei 

of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  foi 
the  Western  District,  in  the  69th  year  of  her  age. 

,  Gth  mo.  1st,  Mary  Stokes,  a  member  of  th< 

Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia  for  thi 
Northern  District,  in  the  81st  year  of  her  age. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  SEVENTH  MONTH  5, 


NO.    48. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum 

bscriptions,  payments  and  business  communical 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

LT   NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  UP  STAIRS 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  secum)-da>s 


at  Philadelphia  P.   O 


For  "The  Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

CContinued  from  page  370.) 

1811,  9th  month  12th.  A  season  of  self- 
Dasement  in  our  Monthly  Meeting;  I  feel  as 
ie  going  forth  having  neither  purse  nor  scrip 
)r  change  of  raiment.  Divers  satisfactory 
jpearances  in  our  meeting  this  day.    My  be- 

ved  friend  ,  spoke  for  the  iirst  time, 

fetich  seemed  to  cheer  the  mind  with  a  hope- 

1  prospect  of  a  succession  of  devoted  laborers 
id  faithful  burden-bearers  in  the  Lord's  v 

May  the  Shepherd  of  Israel,  in  his 
nder  mercy,  have  her  in  his  keeping,  and 
rengthen  her  in  her  dedication,  that  she  may 

valiant  for  the  cause  of  Truth  and  right- 

usness  upon  the  earth.  After  which,  in  the 
ve  of  the  gospel,  I  was  enabled  to  take  a 
nder  and  an  affectionate  leave  of  my  be- 
ved  friends. 

And  now,  having  passed  through  a  long 
ries  of  deeply  trying  exercises,  known  only 

my  own  soul  and  that  Eye  which  seeth  in 
cret,  concerning  my  proposed  journey,  my 
ind  feels  humbly  bowed  under  the  weight 
"responsibility  resting  upon  it,  lest  through 
1  inadvertent  step,  something  should  take 
ace  that  shall  reflect  dishonor  upon  that 
essed  cause  which  I  have  greatly  loved,  and 
r  which  I  have  deeply  suffered  much  of  the 
me  now  about  twenty-one  years.  And  hav- 
g  thus  far  brought  up  an  account  of  the 
any  trials  which  have  attended  my  pilgrira- 
je  through  all  its  vicissitudes  hitherto,  may 
e  Lord  Almighty,  in  his  love  and  goodness, 
i  near  my  dear  wife  and  preserveher  from 
irm,  and  with  me  too,  in  every  proving 
ason.  May  He  preserve  us  on  every  side, 
at  whether  we  ever  meet  in  this  state  of 
jobation  or  not,  all  maj'  be  well. 
;14tb.  Took  leave  of  rnanjT  dear  friends 
id  neighbors,  and  accompanied  by  my  wife, 
arted  on  my  journey. 

'15th.  Had  an  open  time  in  Gospel  love  in 
jeir  First-day  meeting  at  Pembroke,  which 
as  to  my  own  encouragement  and  believe 

the  satisfaction  of  others,  and  in  the  after- 
Ion  went  to  an  appointed  meeting  at  Marsh- 
sld. 

16th.  After  a  solid  parting  opportunity  in 
e  family,  and  with  my  dear  wife  and  other 
(ends,  set  off,  with  John  Bailey  for  com- 
mion,  and  rode  to  Norton. 


lowing  paper  which  she  put  into  my  hands, 
with  the  inscription,  Not  to  be  read  till  after 

I  left  her,  viz  :  "  Pray  for  me,  my  dear  M 

vedby'in  thy  absence,  that  my  mind  may  become 
more  and  more  centred  in  the  alone  Object  of 
all  true  comfort  and  consolation ;  for  I  know, 
unless  it  is  kept  there,  it  will  be  very  liable 
to  fall  into  some  evil  which  I  desire  above  all 
things  to  be  preserved  from.  Farewell — may 
the  source  of  pure  consolation  be  opened  to 
thee  in  every  needful  time;  and  may  thy  mind 
be  preserved  from  sinking  too  low,  or  rising 
too  high,  and  if  it  be  the  will  of  our  great 
Creator  that  we  should  meet  again,  may  it  be 
in  peace  and  under  a  sense  of  his  mercy. 

H.  C." 

17th.  Had  another  refreshing  season  at  an 
appointed  meeting  in  Friends'  meeting-house 
at  Taunton,  and  rode  to  Providence. 

19th.  We  had  a  very  satisfactory  meeting 
in  the  Presbyterian  meeting-house  at  Plain- 
field,  Connecticut ;  and  in  the  afternoon  an- 
other at  Canterbury  meeting-house.  Then  we 
rode  to  a  place  called  Scotland  and  put  up. 

20th.  Rode  to  Windham  to  breakfast.  In 
the  forenoon  had  a  meeting  in  their  meeting- 
house ;  they  are  chiefly  Presbyterians  in  this 
part  of  the  country;  but  all  countenances  ap- 
pear marked  with  complacency  and  respect, 
and  they  treated  us  with  great  civility,  and 
received  our  testimony  with  all  readiness.  It 
being  their  court  time,  a  number  of  their  pro- 
fessional characters  were  present.  After  meet- 
ing we  rode  to  East  Hartford. 

21st.  Continued  our  journey  to  West  Hart- 
ford. There  were  but  few  Friends  in  this 
place,  and  we  commenced  a  family  visit  among 
them. 

22nd.  Quite  indisposed,  with  considerable 
nausea  and  some  fever  ;  ate  no  breakfast ;  but 
toward  meeting-time  felt  a  little  recruited 
and  went  with  Friends  to  their  First-day 
meeting,  which  was  strengthening,  and  in  the 
afternoon  visited  the  remaining  famili 

23rd.  Resumed  our  journey  and  rode  to 
Milford  ;  and  thence  on  the  24th  to  Middlesex. 
Here  we  came  among  Friends  again,  which 
was  pleasant  to  us.  This  morning,  at  the  Inn 
where  we  took  breakfast,  we  distributed  a 
pretty  large  number  of  books  on  the  subject 
of  war,  among  a  company  of  men  in  military 
garb,  who  received  them' with  apparent  satis- 
faction ;  and  also  some  printed  sheets  on  silent 
worship — they  said  they  would  read  them 
with  pleasure.  It  seems  to  me  much  might 
be  done  in  this  way  towards  removing  local 
prejudices  which  have  long  stood  as  stum- 
bling-blocks in  the  way  of  Christian  profes- 
sors, and  to  exemplify  Truth's  principles,  so 
that  when  the  different  denominations  come 
more  fully  to  understand  each  other's  mean- 
ing, the  great  variety  of  opinions  about  a  thing 
that  is  one,  and  but  one,  and  everywhere  the 
same,  will  be  done  away.  "  One  Lord,  one 
faith,  one  baptism,  one  God  and  Father  of  all, 
who  is  above  all,  and  through  all,  and  in  vou 

„11  >>      rru:„     •     _    i__j     _°  •  .    *. 


After  parting  with  my  wife,  read  the  fol-Jall."     This   evening   had  a   meeting  at 


Friend's  house  where  we  lodged :  in  which  my 
faith  was  renewed. 

25th.  Accompanied  by  a  young  man  we 
rode  to  Harrison's  Purchase,  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  and  attended  their  mid-week  meet- 
ing, where  a  little  refreshment  was  obtained. 
Dined  and  proceeded  to  Mamaroneck ;  and 
26th  we  rode  to  New  York  city. 

29th.  First  day  of  the  week,  was  at  their 
meeting  in  Liberty  street  in  the  morning,  and 
at  Pearl  street  meeting  in  the  afternoon,  in 
which  my  mind  was  relieved  of  a  burden. 

30th.  We  went  to  Rah  way,  in  New  Jersej-, 
and  attended  an  appointed  meeting,  —  not 
much  elevated,  but  low,  mostly.  We  had  a 
comfortable  opportunity  in  a  Friend's  family 
in  the  evening. 

10th  month  1st.  Had  an  appointed  meet- 
ing to  very  good  satisfaction  at  Plainfield  ;  and 
after  dining  was  accompanied  by  a  Friend  to 
Stony  Brook,  in  Middlesex. 

2nd.  We  attended  their  mid-week  at  Bor- 
dentown  ;  with  me  it  was  a  comfortable  meet- 
ing.    In  the  afternoon  went  to  Burlington. 

3rd.  At  the  Preparative  Meeting,  I  had 
but  very  little  to  say,  but  left  them  with  a 
peaceful  mind.  Next  day  had  an  appointed 
meeting  at  Frankford.  To  me  it  was  a  re- 
freshing season,  and  I  doubt  not  other  minds 
were  edified.  Many  kindnesses  are  from  day 
to  day  met  with  by  me,  a  worm,  at  the  hands 
of  my  endeared  friends ;  but  the  work  I  am 
upon  depends  upon  neither  men  nor  angels. 
After  a  comfortable  visit  to  some  aged  Friends 
in  this  neighborhood,  we  rode  to  Philadelphia 
and  put  up  at  Thomas  Scattergood's,  who  is 
now  in  our  part  of  the  country  on  a  religious 
visit. 

6th.  At  their  First-day  morning  meeting 
for  the  Northern  District;  afternoon  at  Arch 
Street  Meeting — rather  laborious. 

7th.  In  company  with  Joseph  Scattergood 
and  wife,  went  to  Merion  and  attended  an 
appointed  meeting;  where  we  had  a  spirit  of 
deism  and  unbelief  to  encounter.  Left  them 
under  painful  sensations. 

8th.  At  an  appointed  meeting,  Darby, 
and  went  to  visit  a  woman  whose  mind  seems 
bordering  on  despair.  My  drooping  spirits  a 
little  raised,  and  my  trust  renewed  in  the  arm 
of  Divine  mercy. 

9th.  We  set  off  again  and  rode  to  London 
Grove,  and  put  up  at  Jacob  Lindley's,  with 
whose  interesting  conversation  we  were  en- 
tertained. 

10th.  Resumed  our  journey;  called  on  our 
ancient  friend,  George  Churchman,  and  dined 
— he  is  very  infirm,  but  retains  his  love  for 
the  Truth  in  a  lively  manner.  In  the  after- 
noon we  crossed  the  river  Susquehanna,  and 
next  day  arrived  in  Baltimore. 

12th.  At  the  first  sitting  of  their  Yearly 
Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders.  Many 
strangers  were  present  from  distant  parts  of 
the  country,  who  were  broughtinto  sympathy 
with  each  other.  In  the  evening  at  the  Meet- 
ing for  Sufferings. 


378 


THE    FRIEND. 


Most  of  the  way  from  the  Susquehanna  to 
Baltimore,  the  face  of  the  country  wears  a 
dreary  aspect.  We  saw  many  of  the  traces  of 
that  bondage  in  which  our  African  brethren 
were  held  ;  notwithstanding  much  has  been 
tlono  and  is  doing  by  Friends  and  others  to 
ameliorate  their  condition,  the  prospect  is 
painful. 

13th.  First-day  attended  the  Western  Meet- 
ing. Infinite  goodness  was  near  at  the  need- 
ful time  this  morning,  blessed  be  his  name; 
in  the  afternoon  had  very  hard  service  at  the 
eastern  district. 

On  the  18th  concluded  the  business  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting,  the  several  sittings  of  which 
were  attended  with  encouragement.  The 
minds  of  many  brethren  were  deeply  exer- 
cised on  important  subjects, — the  state  of 
slavery,  the  traffic  in  and  use  of  ardent  spirits, 
and  various  other  subjects  ;  concerning  which, 
especially  slavery,  I  was  made  a  secret  tra- 
vailcr.  Ma}'  the  Lord  Almighty  in  the  pleni- 
tude of  his  mercy,  interpose  more  and  more 
on  behalf  of  this  oppressed  and  degraded  race 
of  our  fellow  men.  During  the  sitting  of  this 
Yearly  Meeting,  many  of  the  intervals  were 
improved  in  accompanying  my  friend  Eliza- 
beth Foulke,  in  visiting  the  sick,  infirm  and 
afflicted,  to  satisfaction. 

20th.  First  day  of  the  week.  At  both  their 
meetings  in  this  city — a  laborious  day.  In 
the  evening  had  a  meeting  appointed  for  peo- 
ple of  color  belonging  to  the  city.  A  great 
many  of  them  came  together  at  Friends' 
western  meeting-house;  but  they  were  much 
unsettled,  and  the  meeting  was  not  so  satis- 
factory as  many  others,  and  yet  terminated 
pretty  well. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Wanderings  in  New  Britain. 

(Continued  from  page  372.) 

During  our  author's  visit  to  New  Britain, 
a  sad  event  occurred,  which  exhibits  some  of 
the  traits  of  savage  life  ;  and  illustrates  the 
difficulties  to  be  encountered  in  holding  inter- 
course with  such  people. 

At  the  time  of  his  visit  a  Wesleyan  mission 
had  been  established  among  these  islanders 
for  about  three  years,  uuder  the  charge  of  a 
person  named  Brown,  who  had  as  assistants 
some  twenty  Fijian  and  Samoan  teachers. 
Two  parties  of  these  teachers  had  made  an 
excursion  into  the  interior  to  visit  some  vil- 
lages where  they  had  before  been,  and  where 
they  had  been  well  received.  They  took 
with  them  some  beads  as  presents  for  the 
chiefs  of  the  villages.  They  started  from 
different  parts  of  the  coast,  and  were  to  meet 
in  the  interior  and  return  in  company.  After 
the  party  that  left  Blanche  Bay  had  gone  a 
little  way  inward,  a  native  woman  warned 
them  that  they  had  better  not  go  on,  as  if 
they  did  the  natives  would  kill  them,  and 
afterwards  added,  "  as  they  have  another 
party."  They  retraced  their  steps  and  arrived 
in  safety  at  Blanche  Bay. 

The  other  party  consisted  of  four  men, 
who  had  gone  some  distance  inland,  and  had 
preached  to  the  natives.  Towards  evening, 
finding  themselves  on  a  small  hill,  they  knelt 
down  to  say  their  evening  prayers.  This  was 
the  moment  chosen  for  attack.  Three  of 
them  speedily  fell,  pierced  with  spears;  and 
the  fourth,  who  was  a  very  powerful  young 
man,  and  carried  a  fowling-piece,  fought  his 
way  back  to  the  village  of  a  chief  named 


Tarlily,  who  was  thought  to  be  friendly  ;  and 
there  he  was  taken  at  unawares  and  slain 
also.  The  murder  indeed  had  been  planned 
by  Tarlily,  who  feared  that  the  visit  would 
enable  the  villages  beyond  him  to  open  a 
direct  trade  with  the  coast,  and  thus  deprive 
him  of  the  profit  he  had  derived  from  its 
being  carried  on  through  him.  He  hoped 
also  to  make  a  great  deal,  by  selling  the  joints 
of  the  dead  bodies  to  surrounding  villages. 

On  the  reception  of  this  distressing  news,  a 
council  of  the  Missionary  teachers  was  held, 
in  which  it  was  determined  to  attack  Tarlily 
and  recover  the  bones  of  their  murdered  com- 
panions. A  demand  was  made  upon  bim  for 
their  return,  and  for  payment  for  the  injury 
he  had  committed.  Strange  as  this  way 
for  compensating  for  murder  may  sound  to 
our  ears,  it  was  quite  iu  accordance  with  the 
native  customs.  Had  the  money  been  paid, 
it  would  have  been  equivalent  to  an  acknowl- 
edgment by  Tarlily  that  be  was  beaten  or 
in  the  wrong,  and  so  the  prestige  of  the  mis- 
sionaries and  the  white  men  would  have  been 
restored  without  further  bloodshed.  The 
demand  was  refused  ;  and  on  his  side,  Tarlily 
demanded  as  a  condition  of  peace,  that  the 
wives  and  children  of  the  teachers  who  had 
been  killed  should  be  delivered  up  to  him. 

The  attacking  force  consisted  of  twenty- 
one  teachers,  a  few  white  men,  and  some 
native  allies  ;  in  all  about  60  persons,  besides  a 
number  of  followers  and  guides.  The  guides 
led  the  way  with  long  sticks  in  their  hands 
to  probe  the  tracks  for  pits.  These  pits  are 
dug  by  the  natives  a  little  on  one  side  of  the' 
track,  and  they  place  spears  at  the  bottom' 
and  sides,  covering  them  with  long  grass  and! 
leaves.  Another  method  is  to  conceal  two 
spears  in  the  high  grass,  one  on  each  side  of, 
the  track,  with  the  points  towards  the  direc- 
tion from  which  an  attack  is  expected;  to | 
the  head  of  each  spear  is  fastened  an  end  of  a 
very  fine  but  very  strong  piece  of  line.  This 
line  catches  an  advancing  enemy  just  above1 
the  waist,  and  his  forward  movement  draws 
both  the  spears  forcibly  into  his  body.  This 
latter  plan  is  a  veiy  dangerous  one,  especially! 
to  any  one  moving  quickly.  The  natives 
also  place  spear  points,  and  pieces  of  split 
bamboo  in  the  road;  these  run  through  the 
foot  like  a  knife  if  one  happens  to  tread  on| 
them,  and  a  boot  will  hardly  save  the  wearer.! 

It  is  neither  pleasant  nor  profitable  to  de-i 
scribe  in  detail  the  operations  of  this  little 
force.  It  thoroughly  devastated  the  section  of, 
country  occupied  by  those  connected  with| 
the  murder  of  the  missionaries,  or  who  had 
purchased  and  eaten  any  portion  of  their' 
bodies;  burning  numerous  villages,  carrying 
off  the  valuables  found  in  them  as  lawful 
I  plunder,  cutting  down  their  banana  planta- 
tions, and  killing  many  of  the  inhabitants; 
land  thus  proving  that  civilized  man  has  far 
I  superior  powers  of  destruction  to  those  which 
savage  nations  can  employ.  But  one  mayi 
well  query,  as  to  the  consistency  of  such 
operations  with  the  doctrines  of  our  Saviour 
[in  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount ;  or  their  useful-' 
,ncss  in  impressing  on  the  inhabitants  of  New 
Britain  the  necessity  of  loving  our  enemies, 
and  of  doing  good  to  those  who  despitefully 
use  us. 

|  Among  the  plunder  obtained  in  this  expedi- 
tion, was  a  dead  man's  paddle,  which  is  buried 
with  him  to  enable  him  to  paddle  his  way 
across  the  water  to  the  sky  or  horizon,  which 
is  where  these  people  imagine  the  sky  touches 


the  water.  These  paddles  are  large  and  flai 
very  elaborately  carved,  and  ornamented  wit 
a  curious  face-like  ornament  that  is  the  sam 
looked  at  either  way,  up  or  down.  The  whol 
is  rubbed  over  with  white  lime,  which  fill 
the  crevices  of  the  pattern  and  makes  it  sho-s 
white  against  the  dark  wood. 

The  principal  weapons  used  b}'  the  native 
are  tomahawks,  clubs,  spears  and  slings.  On 
form  of  club  consists  of  a  round  stone  with 
wooden  handle  passing  through  a  hole.  Th 
stone  is  heated  red-hot,  and  then  water  is  a 
lowed  to  fall,  drop  by  drop  on  the  centre,  ti 
pieces  begin  to  fly  and  crack  off.  This  open 
tion  is  repeated  until  a  hole  is  formed  throng 
the  centre.  The  stone  is  then  chipped  an 
ground  into  shape. 

Their  surgical  instruments  are  a  piece  c 
obsidian,  a  shark's  tooth,  and  if  obtainable 
piece  of  glass  bottle.  In  the  case  of  a  broke 
leg  or  arm  the  flesh  is  cut  open  to  the  bom 
which  is  drawn  into  position  and  a  piece  ( 
bamboo  inserted  next  to  the  bone  to  keep 
in  its  place,  and  the  wound  is  then  bound  uj 
After  the  bone  has  set  the  bamboo  works  ot 
through  the  opening  that  was  made,  and  th 
wound  is  then  allowed  to  heal.  W.  Powe 
says  he  has  seen  men  who  had  undergon 
this  operation,  and  they  walked  with  eas< 
He  also  saw  a  man  who  had  had  new  teet 
put  in  made  of  pearl-shell.  This  was  accorr 
plished  in  the  following  manner:  the  gurr 
in  the  place  where  the  teeth  were  require 
were  cut  lengthways  down  to  the  bone,  the 
a  piece  of  pearl-shell  was  inserted  of  the  r< 
quired  size  which  rested  on  the  bone,  th 
gums  were  then  allowed  to  grow  back  int 
their  place,  being  held  by  a  little  arrangemer 
of  bamboo  which  held  them  together,  th 
man  in  the  meantime  being  fed  on  soft  foo 
so  as  not  to  disturb  the  healing. 

The  surgeons  are  also  magicians,  or  win 
and  rain  makers  ;  they  pretend  to  be  able  t 
cure  anything.  VV.  Powell  says,  "I  saw 
peculiar  cure  performed  by  one  of  these  do< 
tors,  which  shows  what  a  great  help  faith  i 
in  sickness.  I  wanted  a  man  to  go  with  m 
in  a  canoe  to  a  place  some  distance  off.  Whe 
I  got  to  his  house  his  '  woman'  told  me  h 
was  sick,  and  could  not  go.  '  Oh,'  I  said,  ' 
will  give  him  a  good  big  present  if  he  wi 
come,  besides  paying  for  the  hire  of  the  canoe 
'  Well,'  she  said,  'will  you  pay  the  doctor  ft 
him  ?  then  he  may  be  able  to  go.'  I  cor 
sented  and  the  doctor  was  sent  for.  Thl 
man  came  out  of  his  house  looking  indee 
wretchedly  ill,  and  appearing  to  be  suft'erin, 
from  fever.  On  his  arrival  the  doctor  firs 
asked  him  what  he  felt ;  he  told  him,  and  th: 
doctor  then  said,  '  Oh,  yes,  there  are  tw 
worms  in  your  stomach,  I  can  see  them, 
will  take  them  away,  and  you  will  be  a 
right."  After  waving  sprigs  of  ginger-plar 
about  his  patient,  blowing  lime  on  his  stomac 
and  performing  other  tricks,  he  pretended  t 
take  out  the  two  worms,  which  he  droppe 
into  a  cocoa-nut  shell,  and  told  the  man  h 
was  cured.  The  man  accordingly  went  th 
journey  as  if  well,  paddling  his  canoe  som 
thirty  miles. 

The  natives  of  New  Britain  believe  in 
Superior  Peing,  that  originally  formed  th 
land  on  which  they  live;  but  he  is  alwaj 
spoken  of  as  a  being  that  was  at  a  very  r< 
mote  period,  not  ono  that  is  now  in  existenci 

They  are  very  superstitious  regarding  tb 
spirits  of  their  departed  friends  or  enemiei 
which  they  consider  to  have  either  a  good  c 


THE    FRIEND. 


379 


bad  influence  as  the  case  may  be.  In  con- 
rersation  one  day  with  an  old  man  about  the 
pirits  of  the  deceased,  he  said  that  the  stars 
srere  lamps  hung  by  the  departed  spirits  to 
ight  the  way  for  those  that  should  come  after  ; 
ivhere  he  did  not  say,  and  although  eloselj- 
juestioned  on  the  subject,  he  had  no  ideas  as 
,o  the  sort  of  place  that  it  is  they  come  to  at 
ast.  He  only  knew  that  the  spirit  went 
icross  the  water  to  the  moon  at  rising,  and 
getting  into  her  was  carried  to  the  region  of 
,he  stars,  from  whence  they  returned  to  visit 
he  earth  by  the  same  means. 

(To  be  continued.) 


For  "  The  Fri 


The  Origin  of  Westtown  School. 

It  is  evident  to  those  acquainted  with  the 
listory  of  the  Society  of  Friends  that  it  has, 
rom  its  origin,  given  earnest  attention  to  the 
lonsistent  education  of  its  youth.  As  early 
is  1667  we  find  that  George  Fox,  amid  the 
pressure  of  man}7  engagements  for  the  cause 
>f  Truth,  recommended  Friends  to  establish 
tcbools  for  educating  their  children  ''in  all 
hings  civil  and  useful  in  the  creation." 

About  the  year  1670,  a  "  meeting  of  divers 
Friends  took  place,  among  whom  were  George 
Pox,  Ellis  Hookes,  Christopher  Taylor,  [and 
jrobabty  Isaac  Penington  and  Thomas  Ell- 
ivood]  concerning  children's  education  and 
;eaching  the  languages,  and  it  was  fully 
igreed,  and  written  down,  that  they  had 
greed  to  lay  aside  the  heathenish  books  and 
he  old  corrupt  grammars  taken  out  of  them, 
md  set  up  the  Scriptures  of  Truth,  and  what 
may  be  savory  and  good  matter,  that  may 
not  corrupt  children's  minds." 

To  Christopher  Taylor,  a  writer  of  much 
ability  and  a  scholar,  was  committed  the  task 
af  preparing  suitable  text  books  for  the  use 
Sf  the  Waltham  Abbey  School,  then  just 
opened,  with  instruction  to  carry  out  the  ob- 
ject of  the  above  proposition.  His  first  work, 
which  appeared  in  1676,  was  entitled  "  In- 
mtutiones  Pietatis,  In  quibus  Saluberrima  vita; 
Praecepta,  et  alia;  res  notatu  dignissimae,  con- 
tinentur,  etc.,"  or  Instructions  of  Godliness,  In 
which  the  most  wholesome  precepts  of  Life 
and  other  things  worthy  to  be  noted  are  con- 
tained. First  given  forth  in  English  by  G.  F. 
and  E.  H,  but  now  turned  into  Latino  for  the 
Use  of  Christian  youth  at  school.  The  chief 
principles  of  the  Latine  Tongue  being  added, 
&c.  G.  F.  and  E.  H.  were  probably  our  Friends 
George  Fox  and  Ellis  Hookes.  *  *  Th 
second  publication  for  the  use  of  the  school 
was  issued  in  1679,  and  was  prepared  by 
Christopher  Taylor,  in  conjunction  with  his 
learned  and  pious  assistant  in  the  school,  John 
Matern,  a  German  convert  to  the  Truth  as 
held  by  Friends.  It  is  entitled  "  Compendium 
Trium  Linguarum  Latinae  Graecae  et  He- 
braicae,  in  usum  Studiosae  et  Christianae  Ju- 
ventutis,  Brevi  and  facili  Methodo  dispositum 
et  exhibitum," — a  compendium  or  abridge- 
ment of  Three  Languages,  the  Latin,  Greek 
and  Hebrew,  couched  and  exhibited  in  a 
short  and  easy  method  for  the  use  of  studious 
and  Christian  youth. 

In  the  preface  to  the  first  named  work,  we 
find  the  compilers  state  that  "  We  deny  noth- 
ing to  children's  learning  that  may  be  honest 
and  useful  for  them  to  know,  whether  relating 
to  Divine  principles,  or  that  ma}'  be  outward- 
ly serviceable  for  them  to  learn  with  regard 
to  the  outward  creation." 

"  The  Christian  care,  the  good  example  and 


the  holy  prayers  of  faith  on  behalf  of  the  chil- 
dren of  the  Waltham  Abbey  School,  appear 
to  have  produced  a  great  fruit  of  increase," 
though  the  devoted  wife  of  Christopher  re- 
cords, that  she  had  passed  days  of  sighing 
and  mourning  amongst  disorderly  servants 
and  children,  so  that  at  times  she  was  almost 
ready  to  despair.  A  remarkable  visitation  of 
Divine  grace  was  vouchsafed  to  those  at  the 
school  in  the  4th  month  of  1679.  An  account 
of  the  visitation  will  be  found  on  page  388  of 
Volume  XXI  of  "  The  Friend."  Editions  of 
the  same,  entitled  "A  Testimony  to  the 
Lord's  Power  and  Blessed  Appearance  in  and 
Amongst  Children,"  &c,  have  been  several 
times  printed  in  England  in  1679,  1680;  and  a 
hundred  years  later  it  appeared  under  another 
title,  and  was  printed  by  Samuel  Sansom,  at 
Philadelphia,  having  been  edited  by  Martha 
Routb.  A  more  recent  edition  was  printed 
in  New  England,  at  the  expense  of  our  Friend 
Israel  Bufiinton,  of  Fall  River,  R.  I. 

Christopher  Taylor,  the  Principal  of  the 
first  Boarding  School  among  Friends,  left  that 
institution  to  the  care  of  George  Keith,  in 
1682,  and  with  his  family  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
first  Council  of  the  Province,  which  met  in 
1st  month,  1684,  and  was  also  Register  Gen- 
eral of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  other  public 
offices.  The  first  meeting  for  business  among 
Friends  of  Philadelphia,  was  held  at  his  house 
on  the  9th  of  11th  month,  1682.  He  was  a 
diligent  and  faithful  minister,  and  says  Wil- 
liam Yardley,  in  his  testimony  concerning 
him,  "was  one  of  the  Lord's  worthies,  strong 
and  steadfast  in  the  faith,  very  zealous  for  the 
Truth."  There  are  various  other  testimonies 
to  his  learning  and  worth.  His  death  appears 
to  have  taken  place  in  the  4th  month,  1686, 
at  Philadelphia.* 

In  the  year  1690,  the  Yearly  Meeting  of 
London  was  awakened  to  much  concern  on 
account  of  the  education  of  the  young  people, 
and  sent  down  its  earnest  advices  to  "  provide 
school-masters  and  mistresses  who  are  faith- 
ful Friends,  to  teach  their  children,  and  not 
to  send  them  to  schools  where  they  are  taught 
the  corrupt  ways,  manners,  fashions  and  lan- 
guage of  the  world,  and  of  the  heathens  ir 
their  authors."  Friends  had  thus  twice  pro 
tested  against  the  use  in  school  of  the  corrupt 
and  corrupting  Greek  and  Latin  classics.f 

"For  their  learning  be  liberal,  spare  no 
cost ;  for  by  such  parsimon}-  all  is  lost  that  is 
saved."  The  above  will  be  recognized  as  part 
of  the  sage  advice  of  William  Penn  to  his  wife 
respecting  the  education  of  their  children 
Our  great  founder  was  so  deeply  sensible  of 
the  importance  of  sound  and  liberal  educa- 
tion, having  himself  partaken  of  the  best  at- 
tainable in  his  day,  that  in  his  Preamble  to 
the  Charter  of  Pennsylvania,  we  find  that  he 
laid  down  the  following,  as  the  fundamental 
maxim  of  good  government:  "Whereas  the 
prosperity  and  welfare  of  any  people  depend 
in  great  measure  upon  the  good  education  of 
theiryouth,"  &c,  &c,  "which  cannot  beeffect 

*  For  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  Christopher  and 
Frances  Taylor,  see  "  The  Friend,"  vol.  xxvii.  pp.  126, 
132,  140,  147,  and  for  Sketch  of  John  Mattern,  see  the 
same,  vol.  xviii.  pp.  228  and  236. 

f  The  Committee  having  the  oversight  of  Westtown 
School  was  also  worthily  concerned,  in  1833,  in  an  at- 
tempt to  obtain  the  Psalms  of  David  in  Latin,  to  be 
used  as  a  substitute  for  the  impure  odes  of  Horace,  and 
being  unsuccessful,  introduced  the  expurgated  edit' 
of  that  classic  by  Friend  Thomas  Dugdale,  of  Ph 
delphia. 


ed  in  any  manner  so  well  as  by  erecting  pub- 
ic schools  for  the  purpose." 

The  12th  article  of  the  frame  of  govern- 
ment provides  in  express  terms,  "  That  the 
Governor  and  Provincial  Council  shall  erect 
and  order  public  schools,  and  encourage  and 
reward  the  authors  of  useful  sciences  and 
audable  inventions,  in  the  provinces."  Hard- 
ly had  the  emigrants  sheltered  themselves  in 
their  huts — the  forest  trees  were  still  stand- 
ng  at  their  doors — when  thej'  established 
schools,  and  a  printing  press.  Somo  of  the 
schools  chartered  by  Penn  in  the  earliest 
years  of  Philadelphia,  are  still  in  active  exist- 
nce,  and  have  proved  of  eminent  service  to 
many  youth.  It  is  with  regret  that  we  are 
compelled  to  add,  that  throughout  the  coun- 
try or  in  the  rural  districts,  the  same  liberal 
provision  was  not  made  for  the  rising  3-outh. 
The  primitive  Friends  were  by  no  means 
illiterate.  A  large  proportion  had  received 
the  best  education  which  England  could  then 
supply,  as  the  names  and  characters  of  Penn, 
Barclay,  Story,  Fisher,  Logan,  Lloyd,  and 
many  others  give  evidence.  The  following 
generation,  however,  does  not  present  us 
with  many  men  of  learning  in  the  Society  in 
America.  This  is  undoubtedly  due  to  the 
absence  of  colleges  of  the  higher  order,  and 
the  general  want  of  competent  teachers, — 
difficulties  that  inevitably  attend  those  who 
seek  to  improve  their  feeble  fortunes  in  new 
countries.  These  unfavorable  conditions  were 
not  greatly  relieved  in  many  sections  of  our 
Society,  during  the  entire  century  that  fol- 
lowed the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania.  We 
hero  perceive  the  cause  of  the  general  low 
state  of  education  among  Friends,  in  the  last 
century,  and  are  prepai'ed  to  understand  the 
force  of  the  language  of  our  worthy  and  pro- 
gressive Friend,  George  Churchman,  when 
he  describes,  while  he  deplores,  the  stolid  in- 
difference felt  bj'  many  in  reference  to  the 
educational  move  he  was  then  agitating. 

The  children  of  the  last  century  who  lived 
in  the  rural  districts,  had  many  difficulties 
to  contend  with,  of  which  those  of  our  time 
know  nothing.  Their  parents  were  poor  and 
could  ill  afford  to  spare  them  from  duties  on 
the  farm  or  in  the  household,  except  during 
the  winter  months,  and  much  of  the  instruc- 
tion acquired  at  that  season  was  lost  in  the 
summer  of  after  neglect.  The  schools  were 
often  supplied  by  peripatetic  Irish  teachers, 
whose  sum  of  knowledge  was  generally  but 
limited  ;  and  their  instruction  was  too  often 
beaten  in  with  rude  cuffs  and  feruling.  At 
times,  the  teacher  was  a  youth  scarcely  better 
taught  than  his  pupils,  and  not  so  old.  The 
schools  were  destitute  of  apparatus, — globes, 
maps,  blackboards  were  unknown,  and  the 
better  methods  of  teaching  had  not  yet  been 
learned.  In  thinl}' settled  regions,  moreover, 
the  schools  were  "few  and  far  between,"  or 
none  as  yet  existed.  It  is  therefore  not  sur- 
prising that  the  literary  intelligence  of  our 
grandfathers  was  not  an  accomplishment  of 
which  we  can  speak  with  satisfaction,  and 
that  the  efforts  of  the  few  more  favored,  to 
draw  them  to  regard  a  higher  education  for 
their  sons,  with  a  zeal  worthy  of  the  cause, 
should  prove  an  arduous  and  protracted  labor. 
In  the  city  many  children  had  been  educated 
in  excellent  classical  schools,  and  encouraged 
to  study  after  they  had  left  them,  but  most 
of  these  were  the  sons  of  the  wealthy.  Thus 
we  find  Nicholas  Wain,  Samuel  Emlen,  John 
Pemberton,  John  Drinker  and  sundry  others 


3S0 


THE    FRIEND. 


were  more  or  less  accomplished  in  ancient 
learning,  and  some  of  them  skilled  in  the 
modern  languages. 

The  low  condition  into  which  the  religious 
and  intellectual  training  of  youth  had  fallen 
was  doubtless  the  source  of  many  evils. 
Among  these  were  a  disrelish  for  religion 
and  want  of  interest  in  mental  culture— the 
prolific  parents  of  many  departures  from  tho 
path  of  virtue.  The  Society  of  Friends  was 
thus  greatly  enfeebled  both  directly  and  in- 
directly,—directly  by  the  evil  habits  into 
which  many  lapsed,  the  worldliness,  the  war- 
like spirit  and  final  utter  decay  of  virtue  on 
the  part  of  many, — and  indirectly  by  the  loss 
of  influence  which  the  Society  would  have  re- 
tained and  perhaps  found  enlarged,  had  tho 
sons  proved  faithful  to  the  lofty  principles 
their  fathers  professed. 

"  We  maintain,"  sajTs  our  late  learned  and 
consistent  Editor  of  "The  Friend,"  Eobert 
Smith,  "that  Quakerism  and  learning  are 
strictly  compatible  with,  or  rather  eminently 
favorable  to  each  other."  "  Of  all  the  blows 
that  can  be  levelled  at  the  good  cause,  there 
is  none  so  deadly  and  destructive,"  Bays  the 
distinguished  John  Sergeant,  "as  that  which 
aims  to  sever  or  to  weaken  the  union  of  learn- 
ing and  religion." 

As  early  as  1746-1750,  the  consideration 
of  the  importance  of  "  training  youth  in  use- 
ful learning"  under  the  care  of  religious,  pru- 
dent persons  suitably  qualified  therefor,  came 
weightily  before  tho  Yearly  Meeting  of  Phila 
delpbia,  and  Friends  were  recommended  to 
exert  themselves  as  fully  as  their  circum 
stances  would  permit;  but  we  find  by  a  report 
made  by  Anthony  Benezet  and  Isaac  Zane, 
in  177S,  "  that  little  had  been  effectually  done 
therein  I"  and  they  add  "as  a  sorrowful  con 
sideration  the  backwardness,  so  apparent 
amongst  us,  to  contribute  that  part  of  our  sub 
stance  which  the  circumstances  of  things  and 
the  necessities  of  the  people  have  at  different 
occasions  made  necessary,  or  tho  virtuous 
education  of  our  youth  would  not  have  been 
neglected  for  so  long  a  course  of  years,  after 
such  pressing  advices  had  been  so  expressly 
handed  down  from  the  Yearly  Meeting." 

(To  be  continued.) 


probably  add  as  much  again.  A  total  weight 
of  twelve  hundred  tons  is  most  likely  under, 
rather  than  over,  the  actual  sum.  The  statue 
has  been  cut  up  into  building  blocks  by 
Sheshank  III.,  and  used  in  the  construction 
of  the  great  pylon  ;  hence  only  small  pieces 
of  a  few  tons  each  arc  now  to  be  seen. 


In  the  course  of  the  excavations  at  San 
(Zoan-Tanis)  in  Egypt,  there  have  been  dis- 
covered several  portions  of  a  red  granite 
colossal  statue  of  Barneses  II.,  which,  when 
whole,  must  have  been  the  largest  statue 
known.  It  appears  to  have  been  a  standing 
figure  of  the  usual  type,  crowned  with  the 
crown  of  Upper  Egypt,  and  supported  up  tho 
back  by  a  pilaster,  judging  from  the  di- 
mensions of  various  parts,  such  as  the  ear 
and  the  instep,  and  comparing  the  propor- 
tionate size  of  the  cartouches  (which  are 
three  feet  wide)  with  those  engraved  upon 
other  statues,  this  colossus  must  have  been 
ninety-eight  feet  high  from  the  foot  to  the 
crown.  Together  with  its  pedestal,  which, 
we  can  scarcely  doubt,  was  in  one  piece  with 
it,  it  would  be  altogether  about  115  feet  high. 
The  great  toe  measureseighteen  inches  across. 
That  it  [the  colossus]  was  a  monolith  is  al- 
most certain  from  the  fact  that  all  the  largest 
statues  arc  without  any  joint ;  nor  does  this 
seem  incredible,  since  there  are  obelisks  nearly 
as  long.  But  this  may  claim  to  have  been  the 
tallest  and  heaviest  statue  that  wo  know  of, 
as  the  figure  alone  would  weigh  seven  hun- 
dred tons,   to   which    tho  accessories   would 


LIGHT  AND  DARKNESS. 
I  bowed  my  head  in  tears  one  day, 
And  murmured,  "  it  were  vain  to  pray, 
No  light  breaks  on  my  darkened  way." 

I  stand  upon  the  sands  of  doubt 
The  waves  rush  in  my  feet  about, 
I  whisper,  but,  I  cannot  shout. 

I  look  thro'  sad  imploring  eyes, 
To  read  upon  the  clouded  skies 
No  silver-lining's  thin  disguise. 

Is  then  God  silent  ?     Does  He  hold 

No  evening  converse  as  of  old, 

When  Eden's  sunsets  dropped  their  gold? 

"  The  still  small  voice"  distinct  and  clear, 
That  smote  the  trembling  prophet's  ear, 
May  not  his  listening  children  hear? 

Where  is  the  faith  that  bade  the  sea 
Roll  back  its  sullen  mutiny 
At  Peter's  cry  of  agony  ? 

Lord  save,  I  perish  !  still  that  cry 
Ascends  unto  the  pitying  sky, 
While  trembling  hearts  await  reply. 

All  things  look  wrong;  the  needed  one 
Is  taken.     Fresh  afflictions  stun 
Our  souls  with  each  revolving  sun. 

I  see  the  pale  young  mother  lie  ; 
Drifting  (God  knows)  reluctantly 
From  her  poor  babes,  that  cling  and  cry. 

And  bowing  low  my  sorrowing  head, 
At  such  a  loss,  how  have  I  said, 
"  Oh  !  if  I  could  but  go  instead." 

"  Presumptuous  soul,"  a  voice  replies — 
'  In  life,  not  death,  thy  burden  lies, 
Thou  canst  not  have  it  otherwise. 

'  Ask  not  for  crowns  that  are  not  won, 
Crave  not  beneath  the  noonday  sun, 
The  cool,  sweet  rest,  when  work  is  done. 

'  Work  where  thou  standest,  thou  may'st  see 
Life's  tangled  skein  of  mystery, 
Unwind  some  shining  threads  for  thee. 

'  The  thorns  may  pierce  thy  bleeding  feet, 
Thy  soul  grow  faint  with  toil  and  heat, 
Yet,  is  thy  portion  only  meet. 


"Oh  !  let  thy  lips  their  murmurs  spare, 
No  burden  that  thou  canst  not  bear 
Can  ever  fall  unto  thy  share. 

"Justice  and  Love  are  over  all, 
He  hears  the  feeblest  infant's  call  ; 
The  blow  is  measured  ere  it  fall. 

"Though  midnight  darkness  wrap  the  sky, 
And  tho'  the  waves  roll  mountain  high, 
Fear  not,  my  daughter,  It  is  I." 


THE  TRUE  CHURCH. 
Church  of  the  living  God  I  in  vain  thy  foes 

Make  thee,  in  impious  mirth,  their  laughing-stock, 

Contemn  thy  strength,  thy  radiant  beauty  mock; 
In  vain  their  threats,  and  impotent  their  blows — 
Satan's  assaults,  Hell's  agonizing  throes! 

For  thou  art  built  upon  the  Eternal  Rock  ; 

Nor  fear'st  the  thunder-storm,  the  earthquake  shock, 
And  nothing  shall  disturb  thy  calm  repose. 
All  human  combinations  change  and  die, 

Whate'er  their  origin,  name,  form,  design  ; 
But,  firmer  than  the  pillars  of  the  sky, 

Thou  standest  ever  by  a  power  Divine: 
Thou  art  endowed  with  Immortality, 

And  canst  not  perish— God's  own  life  is  thine ! 

—  W.  L.  Garrison. 


Humility. 

In  the  Epistle  of  James  we  read  that  "  Go'  | 
resisteth  the  proud  but  giveth  grace  unto  th! 
humble." — Jas.  iv.  5. 

Peter  reiterates  this:  "Yea,  all  of  you  b 
subject  one  to  another  and  be  clothed  will 
humility;  for  God  resisteth  the  proud,  bul 
giveth  grace  unto  the  humble.  Humble  youf 
selves  therefore  under  the  mighty  hand  C| 
God,  that  He  may  exalt  you  in  due  time 
Casting  all  your  care  upon  Him  for  He  caretl 
for  you." — 1  Peter  v.  5-7. 

In  the  valley  of  humility  the  Christiai 
learns  wisdom  ;  the  earnest  seeking  soul  oftei 
desires  and  prays  for  the  peace  and  safety  o 
a  humble  spirit.  None  but  those  who  havi 
tasted  of  these  fruits  can  fully  appreciate  tb< 
beauty,  the  peace  and  the  security  which  an 
inseparable  rewards  of  a  life  of  Christiai 
humility  and  obedience. 

But  "  obedience  must  keep  pace  with  knowl 
edge"  or  wo  cannot  long  enjoy  these  blesset 
fruits.  Tho  peaceable  fruits  of  righteousnesi 
are  bestowed  upon  us  in  proportion  as  we  an 
faithful  in  obedience  to  the  spiritual  teach 
ngs  of  tho  Holy  Spirit,  which  speaks  to  uti 
as  a  still  small  voice  in  the  secret  of  the  soul 
We  are  continually  beset  with  easily  allur 
ng  sins  ;  and  it  is  onty  as  we  feel  sensible  ol 
iur  weakness  and  need  of  the  sustaining 
grace  of  a  higher  power,  that  we  can  avail. 
ngly  pray  for  that  strength  which  will  enable 
us  to  resist  them. 

When  wc  sufficiently  love  and  fear  the  Lord, 
fervent  and  frequent  will  be  our  supplications 
for  renewal  and  increase  of  that  grace  which 
will  "make  us  humble  and  keep  us  so,"  and 
which  alone  will  enable  us  to  yield  our  hearts 
in  humble  submission  to  our  Heavenly  Fa- 
ther's will. 

We  must  bow  our  necks  and  submit  to  the 
yoke  of  Christ,  or  we  can  never  advance  very 
far  in  spiritual  religion.  The  love  of  God 
must  become  the  dominant  principle  in  our 
souls. 

Discontent,  discouragement,  and  self-dis- 
paragement, are  very  different  from  true  hu- 
mility. 

A  vain  and  false  modesty  sometimes  induces 
us  to  shrink  from  performing  our  duty;  or  a 
human,  carnal  fear  may  keep  us  doubting: 
and  faltering  until  the  golden  opportunity  is- 
past,  and  we  are  left  with  a  duty  unperformed! 
and  a  conscience  wounded. 

"Humility  is  such  a  gentle  thing  that  if 
she  does  but  look  upon  herself  she  is  gone.' 

"Ho  who  thinketh  that  he  hath  humility 
proves  by  this  very  act,  he  hath  it  not."  "An. 
humble,  teachable  stato  of  mind  is  tho  sup- 
port and  ornament  of  all  the  other  Christian 
graces." 

True  humility  does  not  consist  in  self-de- 
preciation of  our  own  attainments  or  abilities, 
but  in  coming  into  the  meek  and  lowly  con- 
dition of  heart  in  which  we  shall  cxperienco 
an  earnest  and  longing  desire  to  know  and  to 
do  our  Heavenly  Father's  will  on  earth  as  it 
is  clone  in  heaven.  And  it  is  only  as  we  are 
continually  careful  to  seek  after  this  condi- 
tion, and  as  we  yield  obedience  to  the  teach- 
ngs  of  the  Spirit  of  truth,  that  we  can  enjoy 
tho  sweet  peace  and  consolation  of  true' re- 
ligion. 

To  attain,  and  to  be  preserved  in,  such  a 
condition,  is  one  of  our  most  difficult  tasks  as 
Christian  disciples;  but  it  is  one  of  the  most 
important  attributes  and    one  of  the    most 


THE    FRIEND. 


381 


teautiful   adornments   of   a   pure    Christian 


During  the  equinoctial  storm,  in  the  fall  of 
376,  there  was  blown  down  in  our  front  yard, 

large  weeping  willow,  which  had  been  a 
esting-place  for  Baltimore  orioles  for  many 
ears.  When  the  birds  came  back  the  follow- 
ig  spring,  the  orioles  evidently  missed  their 
vorite  tree,  and  were  two  or  three  days 
aiding  which  other  one  to  build  in;  they 
nally  chose  a  long,  slender,  drooping  branch 
f  a  maple,  and  from  this  there  soon  hung 
le  of  their  wonderful  nests. 

Shortly  after  the  eggs  were  laid,  we  were 
isited  by  a  thunder-storm,  in  the  early  part 
"which  there  was  a  hurricane  lasting  many 
dnutes;  the  ground  was  strewn  with  limbs 
om  the  trees,  and  the  long  branch  of  the 
aple  was  watched  with  anxious  interest ; 
ie  nest  and  its  precious  contents  were  some- 
mes  swung  violently  to  and  fro,  and  again 
hirled  over  and  over,  while  the  rain  dashed 
own  in  torrents  ;  but  the  devoted  little  moth- 

never  left  her  post.  By  noon  of  the  follow- 
)g  day,  we  admired  to  observe  that  the  nest 
ad  been  secured  with  several  strings  rim- 
ing to  small  branches  near  it,  and  so  well 
ere  they  fastened  that  they  remained  in 
lace,  like  guy  ropes,  for  weeks  afterward. 

As  a  pleasing  proof  of  the  bird's  faithful 
are  during  the  tempest,  it  may  be  added  that 
i  due  time  the  eggs  were  hatched  ;  and  sub- 
squently  we  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing 
ie  nearly  fledged  young  ones  fly  from  the 
est.  Orioles  have  built  with  us  every  season 
nee,  but  never  again  in  that  maple  tree. 

We  want  sanctified  spirits  amongst  us;  we 
ave  worldly-wise  people,  we  have  some  toler- 
bly  skilled  in  handling  the  outward  law,  and 
re  have  half  baked  cakes  ;  but  spirits  tried  as 
old  is  tried,  refined,  baptized  seven  times 
nd  so  purified,  we  want  in  the  house. — R. 
Viackleton. 


Indian  Gratitude. 

Not  long  after  Connecticut  began  to  be 
ettled  by  the  English,  a  stranger  Indian  came 
ne  day  to  a  tavern  in  one  of  its  towns  in  the 
usk  of  the  evening,  and  requested  the  hostess 
D  supply  him  with  something  to  eat  and 
rink,  at  the  same  time  he  honest^  told  her 
hat  he  could  not  pay  her  for  either  as  he 
ad  no  success  in  hunting  for  several  days  ; 
ut  that  he  would  return  paj'ment  as  soon  as 
e  should  meet  with  better  fortune. 

The  hostess,  who  was  a  very  ill-tempered 
voman,  not  only  flatly  refused  to  relieve  him, 
ut  added  abuse  to  her  unkindness,  calling 
im  a  lazy,  drunken  fellow,  and  told  him  she 

d  not  work  so  hard  herself,  as  to  throw 
way  her  earnings  upon  such  vagabonds  as 
ie  was. 

There  was  a  man  sitting  in  the  same  room 
f  the  tavern,  who,  on  hearing  the  conversa- 
tion, looked  up,  and  observed  the  Indian's 
ountenance,  which  plainly  showed  that  he 
vas  suffering  severely  from  want  and  fatigue, 
ind  being  of  a  humane  disposition,  he. told  the 
voman  to  give  the  poor  wanderer  some  sup- 
Der,  and  he  would  pay  for  it. 

She  did  so  :  and  when  the  poor  Indian  had 
inished  his  meal,  he  turned  towards  bis  bene- 
actor.  thanked  him,  and  told  him  that  he 
hould  not  forget  his  kindness.     "  As  for  the 


woman,"  he  added,  "all  I  can  give  her  is  a 
story — if  she  likes  to  hear  it."  The  woman, 
being  now  in  a  rather  better  temper,  and 
having  some  curiosity  to  hear  what  he  had 
to  tell,  readily  consented,  and  the  Indian  ad- 
dressed her  as  follows  : — "  I  suppose  you  read 
the  Bible?"  The  woman  assented.  "Well," 
continued  the  Indian,  "the  Bible  says,  God 
made  the  world  and  then  He  took  him,  and 
looked  on  him,  and  say,  '  It's  all  very  good." 
Then  He  made  light,  and  took  him,  and  looked 
on  him,  and  say,  'It's  all  very  good.'  Then 
He  made  dry  land,  and  water,  and  sun,  and 
moon,  and  grass,  and  trees,  and  took  him,  and 
say,  "It's  all  very  good.'  Then  He  made 
beasts,  and  birds,  and  fishes,  and  took  him, 
and  looked  on  him,  and  say,  '  It's  all  very 
good.'  Then  He  made  man,  and  took  him, 
and  looked  on  him,  and  say,  'It's  all  very 
good.'  And  last  of  all  made  woman,  and  took 
him,  and  looked  on  him,  and  Me  no  say  one 
such  word."  The  Indian,  having  told  his 
story,  departed. 

Some  j'ears  after,  the  man  who  had  be- 
friended the  Indian  had  occasion  to  go  some 
distance  in  the  wilderness  between  Litchfield 
and  Albany,  which  is  now  a  populous  city, 
but  then  contained  only  a  few  houses.  Here 
he  was  taken  prisoner  by  an  Indian  scout, 
and  carried  off  into  Canada.  When  he  ar- 
rived at  the  principal  settlement  of  their 
tribe,  which  was  on  the  banks  of  the  great 
river  St.  Lawrence,  some  of  the  Indians  pro- 
posed that  he  should  be  put  to  death,  in  re- 
venge of  the  wrongs  that  they  had  suffered 
from  the  white  men  ;  and  this  probably  would 
have  been  his  fate,  had  not  an  old  woman,  or 
squaw,  as  they  are  called,  demanded  that  he 
should  be  given  up  to  her,  that  she  might 
adopt  him  in  place  of  her  son,  whom  she  had 
lately  lost  in  war.  He  was  accordingly  given 
her,  and,  as  it  is  customary  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, was  thenceforth  treated  in  the 
same  manner  as  her  own  son. 

In  the  following  summer,  as  he  was  one 
day  at  work  in  the  forest  by  himself,  felling 
trees,  an  Indian,  who  was  unknown  to  him, 
came  up  and  asked  him  to  meet  him  the  fol- 
lowing day  at  a  certain  spot  which  he  de- 
scribed. The  white  man  agreed  to  do  so, 
but  not  without  some  apprehension  that  mis- 
chief was  intended.  During  the  night  these 
fears  increased  to  so  great  a  degree,  as  effectu- 
ally to  prevent  his  keeping  his  appointment. 

However,  a  few  days  after,  the  same  In- 
dian, finding  him  again  at  work,  gravely  re- 
proved him  for  not  keeping  his  promise.  The 
man  made  the  best  excuses  he  could,  but  the 
Indian  was  not  satisfied  until  he  had  again 
promised  to  meet  him  the  next  morning  at 
the  place  already  agreed  upon. 

Accordingly  when  he  arrived  at  the  spot, 
he  found  the  Indian  already  there,  provided 
with  two  musket  and  powder,  and  two  knap- 
sacks. The  Indian  ordered  him  to  take  one 
of  each,  and  to  follow  bim.  The  direction  of 
their  marchroad  was  southward.  The  man 
followed  without  the  least  knowledge  of  what 
he  was  going  to  do,  or  whither  he  was  going, 
but  be  concluded  that  if  the  Indian  intended 
to  do  him  harm,  he  would  have  despatched 
him  at  the  first  meeting,  and  certainly  would 
not  have  provided  him  with  a  musket  and 
powder  for  defence.  His  fears  therefore  grad- 
ually subsided,  although  the  Indian  main- 
tained an  obstinate  silence  when  he  questioned 
him  concerning  the  object  of  their  expedition. 

In  the  day  time  they  shot  and  cooked  as 


much  game  as  they  required,  and  at  night 
they  kindled  a  fire  by  which  they  slept. 
After  a  fatiguing  journey  through  the  forest 
for  many  days,  they  came  one  morning  to  the 
top  of  a  hill  from  which  there  was  the  pros- 
pect of  a  cultivated  country,  interspersed  with 
several  snug  farm-houses. 

"  Now,"  said  the  Indian  to  his  joyful  com- 
panion, "do  you  know  where  you  are?" 
"  Yes,"  replied  he,  "  We  are  not  ten  miles  from 
my  village."  "And  do  you  not  recollect  the 
poor  Indian  at  the  tavern  ? — you  feed  him — 
you  speak  kind  to  him — I  am  that  poor  In- 
dian ; — now  go  home."  Having  said  this,  he 
bade  him  farewell,  and  the  man  joyfully  re- 
turned to  his  own  home. — John  Fox. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  English  Deputation  and  Canada  Yearly 
Meeting. 

It  is  proper  to  have  a  correct  understand- 
ing of  the  principles  upon  which  the  inde- 
pendence and  fraternity  of  Yearly  Meetings 
are  based. 

There  are  thirteen  Yearly  Meetings  at  the 
present  time  claiming  to  be  Orthodox  Friends. 
One  in  England,  one  in  Ireland  and  ten  in 
the  United  States  of  America  and  one  in 
Canada.  Each  of  these  embrace  certain  recog- 
nized territorial  limits,  and  are  distinct  organi- 
zations, with  similar  constitutional  powers. 
Each  having  control  of  its  portion  of  the 
church,  and  the  care  of  its  own  members; 
the  members  of  one  body  are  not  amenable 
to  the  others  except  in  certain  cases. 

The  tie  of  relationship  is  in  the  One  Holy 
Head,  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  by  "gathering 
together  unto  Him,"  and  by  having  the  under- 
standing of  the  members  similarly  enlightened 
and  instructed  by  Him  in  Scriptural  truths. 
This  leads  them  to  know  in  very  deed  that, 
"  One  is  your  Master,  even  Christ,  and  all  ye 
are  brethren."  This  fraternity  is  shown  in 
part  by  epistolary  correspondence,  and  by 
visiting  one  another  in  the  love  of  the  Gospel ; 
but  these  services  cannot  bo  rightly  performed 
without  the  putting  forth  by  the  Heavenly 
Shepherd. 

One  of  those  Yearly  Meetings  has  noautbor- 
ity  within  the  limits  of  another,  and  if  it  de- 
sires to  appoint  meetings  among  its  members 
or  delegate  persons  to  do  so,  it  must  be  with 
their  consent,  express  or  implied.  When  per- 
sons who  are  so  delegated  and  furnished  with 
proper  credentials  by  the  meetings  to  which 
they  belong,  present  those  credentials  to  meet- 
ings where  they  purpose  to  labor,  and  are 
officially  recognized  by  the  latter,  these  per- 
sons are  amenable  to  said  meetings  for  their 
conduct  and  teaching  during  the  period  they 
are  engaged  in  such  service;  and  while  their 
labors  are  acceptable,  are  helped  and  encour- 
aged in  them. 

When  Canada  Yearly  Meeting  was  estab- 
lished, it  became  one  of  the  independent  or- 
ganizations which  compose  the  family  of 
Yearly  Meetings.  The  following  extract  from 
the  General  Epistle  of  London  Year!}'  Meet- 
ing of  1867,  shows  the  feeling  and  judgment 
of  that  meeting  on  the  subject.  "The  intended 
establishment  of  a  Yearly  Meeting  in  Canada, 
awakened  our  lively  interest.  *  *  *  We 
trust  that  the  increase  of  independent  Yearly 
Meetings,  may  in  no  wise  interfere  with  that 
bond  of  fellowship  which  ought  to  distinguish 
the  same  family  of  churches,  but  that  in 
mutual  dependence  upon  the  One  Head,  all 


382 


THE    FRIEND. 


may  be  preserved  in  love  to  Him,  and  one  to 
another,  in  the  unity  of  the  one  faith." 

The  harmony  that  prevailed  among  the 
members  of  Canada  Yearly  Meeting  has  been 
sadly  interrupted  by  the  introduction  of 
strange  doctrines  and  practices ;  and  separa- 
tions have  taken  place  to  such  a  degree,  that 
two  distinct  organizations  now  exist ;  each 
claiming  to  be  the  legitimate  Canada  Yearly 
Meeting  of  Friends. 

London  Yearly  Meeting,  held  in  Fifth 
month,  1884,  had  the  condition  of  Canada 
Yearly  Meeting  under  protracted  delibera- 
tion;  which  resulted  in  appointing  a  com- 
mittee to  visit  "all  who  bear  the  name  of 
Friends  in  Canada,"  and  to  labor  to  promote 
"  harmony  and  unity"  amongst  them.  Had 
that  meeting  not  identified  itself  with  either 
party,  but  appointed  a  committee  to  enquire 
into  the  causes  of  the  difficulty  in  Canada, 
with  liberty  to  offer  such  counsel  as  best  wis- 
dom might  direct;  the  offer  of  mediation  on 
the  part  of  London  Yearly  Meeting  might 
have  been  entertained  in  good  faith.  Butin- 
stead  of  pursuing  this  course,  it  issued  an 
epistle  of  recognition,  as  brethren,  to  one  of 
the  bodies  in  Canada;  whereby  it  prejudged 
the  case  without  an  official  inquiry  into  causes; 
justified  the  acts  of  those  the  meeting  recog- 
nized, and  indicted  the  others  as  offenders. 
By  its  justifying  the  one  party,  its  committee 
could  have  no  service  with  them  touching 
matters  at  issue.  By  its  arraigning  the  other 
party  as  offenders,  its  committee  (in  strict 
pursuance  of  its  appointment)  could  only  say 
to  these  Friends,  Abandon  your  organization 
and  join  those  which  London  Yearly  Meeting 
owns  as  brethren. 

Such  being  the  true  interpretation  of  the 
matter,  as  Friends  of  the  rejected  body  viewed 
it;  when  the  deputation  (on  the  21st  of  Sixth 
month,  1884)  presented  its  credentials,  they 
■were  read  without  further  official  recognition  ; 
and  as  a  matter  of  Christian  courtesy,  the 
committee  were  allowed  to  attend  the  various 
sittings  of  the  meeting. 

Such  an  anomalous  procedure  on  the  part 
of  London  Yearly  Meeting  is  very  nearly  a 
repetition  of  its  acts  in  relation  to  Western 
Yearly  Meeting  a  few  years  ago.  It  remains 
to  be  seen  what  the  future  service  of  the  com- 
mittee will  be,  and  what  further  action  Lon- 
don Yearly  Meeting  will  take  in  the  matter. 
If  the  proceedings  of  that  meeting  have  been 
correctly  reported,  its  action  has  been  far 
from  harmonious.  Many  Friends  seriously 
dissented,  and  faithfully  warned  the  meeting 
of  the  consequences.  Adam  Spencer. 

Springford,  Ontario. 

Grace  in  Little  Things. — There  is  an  old 
story  of  a  certain  minister  who,  in  arranging 
his  toilet  for  his  parochial  calls,  found  a  button 
gone  from  his  collar,  and  all  at  once  the  good 
man's  patience  left  him.  He  fretted  and  scold- 
ed, and  said  undignified  and  unkind  things, 
until  the  tired  wife  burst  into  tears  and  es- 
caped to  her  room.  The  hours  of  the  after- 
noon wore  away,  during  which  the  parson 
called  upon  old  brother  Jones,  who  was  all 
bowed  down  with  rheumatism,  and  found 
him  patient,  and  even  cheerful;  upon  young 
brother  Hall  wasting  away  with  the  con- 
sumption, and  found  him  anxious  to  go  and 
be  with  Christ;  upon  good  old  grandmother 
Smith,  in  her  poor,  miserable  hovel  of  a  borne, 
ami  found  her  singing  one  of  the  good  old 
hymns  as  happy  as  a  bird  ;  upon  young  — 


Brown,  who  had  a  few  weeks  before  buried 
her  only  child,  and  found  her  trustful  and 
serene  in  the  view  of  God's  love  which  had 
come  to  her  through  her  affliction.  The 
minister  went  home  filled  with  what  he  had 
seen,  and  when  evening  came,  and  he  was 
seated  in  his  easy  chair,  his  good  wife  near 
him  busy  with  her  needles,  he  could  not  help 
saying,  "What  a  wonderful  thing  grace  is! 
How  much  it  will  do!  There  is  nothing  be- 
yond its  power!  Wonderful!  Wonderful 
It  can  do  all  things."  Then  the  little  wife 
said,  "  Yes,  it  is  wonderful,  indeed  ;  but  there 
is  one  thing  the  grace  of  God  does  not  seem 
to  have  the  power  to  do."  "Ah,  what  can 
that  be  ?"  said  the  husband.  "  Why  it  does 
not  seem  to  have  power  to  control  a  minis 
ter's  temper  when  a  shirt-button  is  gone." 
This  was  a  new  version  of  the  doctrine  of 
grace  to  the  parson,  but  it  was  such  a  version 
as  many  another  religious  man  needs  to  re 
member.  There  is  many  a  man  who  can 
stand  up  before  a  multitude  and  "confess 
Christ,"  who  can  be  most  meek  when  insulted 
in  some  public  place;  who  can  rub  his  hand 
and  bless  God  for  the  power  of  religion  ;  but 
who  is  too  weak  to  keep  his  temper  at  home 
The  beauty  and  power  of  our  religion  are 
seen  when  we  manifest  grace  in  little  things. 
Golden  Rule. 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Extraction  of  Sulphur. — The  principal  mines 
of  Sulphur  are  in  Sicily  and  in  continental 
Italy.  The  ore  is  placed  in  a  kiln,  consisting 
of  a  wall  surrounding  an  inclined  circular 
area.  The  heap  is  covered  over  with  spent 
material  sufficient  to  prevent  the  combustion 
from  proceeding  too  rapidly,  and  spaces  are 
left  for  the  insertion  of  fagots  of  wood.  When 
all  is  ready  these  fagots  are  lighted,  and  the 
access  of  air  is  regulated  so  as  to  avoid  active 
combustion.  A  part  of  the  sulphur  in  th 
ore  is  burned,  and  the  heat  caused  thereby  i 
sufficient  to  melt  the  remainder  and  cause  it 
to  flow  out,  when  it  is  collected  by  the  opera- 
tors. The  process  is  identical  with  that  used 
in  pine  countries  in  collecting  tar.  Owing  to 
the  difficulty  in  regulating  the  draught  of 
air,  much  of  the  sulphur  is  wasted  ;  and  the 
sulphur  fumes  are  a  great  nuisance,  prevent- 
ing any  cultivation  of  the  ground  within  a 
certain  distance  of  the  burning-places.  So 
great  is  this  nuisance  that  the  government  of 
Italy  forbids  "burning  the  ore"  during  the 
last  six  months  of  the  year.  Not  more  than 
about  one-half  of  the  sulphur  contained  in  the 
ore  is  collected. 

Latterly  a  method  has  been  introduced  of 
beating  the  ore  in  tanks  in  a  solution  of 
chloride  of  Calcium,  the  boiling  point  of 
which  is  higher  than  the  melting  point  of  sul- 
phur; so  that  the  sulphur  is  melted  from  the 
ore  and  drawn  directly  into  moulds.  By  this 
process  no  acid  fumes  are  formed,  the  sulphur 
is  nearly  all  extracted,  the  quality  of  that 
obtained  is  purer  than  by  the  burning  process, 
and  the  ore  dust,  which  is  rich  in  sulphur 
and  could  not  be  used  in  the  old  process,  is 
utilized. 

Egyptian  Pigeons.— A  curious  feature  of 
rustic  scenery  in  most  parts  of  Fgypt  is  the 
multitude  of  pigeon-houses  attached  to  almost 
every  villago  and  to  the  suburbs  of  towns  ; 
the  agriculturists  being  led  to  cherish  the 
breeding  of  these  familiar  birds  in  great  num- 
ber for  the  production  of  a  most  valuable 

anurc,  which  is  almost  identical  with  guano. 


P3rramids  or  cones  of  dried  mud,  surmount| 
by  domes  pierced  with  a  number  of  deep  ca* 
ties  like  the  cells  of  a  bee-hive,  are  built  f 
their  special  accommodation  ;  and  they  a 
permitted  freely  to  pick  up  their  food  in  tl 
neighboring  fields  of  grain. — Sci.  American. 

Submergence  of  Sable  Island. — This  islar 
is  about  CO  miles  southeast  of  the  coast 
Nova  Scotia,  and  has  undergone  remarkab 
changes  during  the  past  one  hundred  yea 
from  the  action  of  the  winds  and  current 
In  a  chart  published  in   1775,  its  length 
given  as  40  miles,  and  its  breadth  1\  mile 
In  1808,  owing  to  the  loss  of  a  troop  ship, 
was  examined  with  a  view  to  the  erection  i 
a  light-house,  and  was  then  found  to  be  J 
miles  long  and  2  miles  broad.     About  1850 
survey  was  made,  which  indicated  that  tb 
west  end  of  the  island  had  moved  more  tha 
20  miles  eastward  from  the  position  assigncl 
to  it  in  the  Admiralty  Charts. 

In  illustration  of  the  manner  in  whic 
these  changes  take  place,  it  is  stated,  that  i 
1802  a  sheltered  position  among  the  san 
hummocks  was  selected  for  the  governmer 
station  at  a  distance  of  5  miles  from  the  we* 
end.  In  1814,  the  superintendent  wrote  tb 
government,  that  within  the  four  years  pii 
vious  four  miles  had  gone  entirely  from  th 
west  end,  leaving  but  one  mile  between  hit 
and  the  sea,  which  was  advancing  steadib 
while  on  the  north  side  an  area  equal  to  i\ 
feet  wide  and  3  miles  long  had  been  carrie1 
away  during  a  single  gale  the  previous  wir 
ter.  He  therefore  proposed  moving  the  buik 
ings  3  miles  farther  east.  In  1820  he  a 
wrote,  that  the  old  site  of  the  station  ha 
gone  to  sea,  and  that  the  sea  was  advancing 
so  fast,  that  he  would  be  obliged  to  mov 
again  and  had  selected  a  spot  4  miles  furthe 
east.  In  1833  new  buildings  were  ei'ectei 
on  the  broadest  part  of  the  island,  and  the  oh 
building  moved  for  the  third  time  4  mile 
east,  and  left  for  a  bouse  of  refuge.  Thousand 
of  tons  of  sand  were  swept  eastward  by  tb 
gales,  and  strewn  over  the  island,  smothering 
vegetation  so  that  hundreds  of  horses  die< 
for  want  of  food.  The  hummocks  which  ba< 
protected  the  house  of  refuge  were  gradualh 
carried  away  by  the  wind,  and  although  tbj 
house  itself  was,  for  the  fourth  time  removec 
(this  time  two  miles  only)  to  the  east,  yet  th« 
sand-laden  gales  eddied  about  it,  depositing 
their  burthens,  till  a  mound  was  formed,  be< 
neath  which  the  building  was  buried,  leaving 
nothing  above  to  indicate  its  position. 

In  1842  dui'ing  a  severe  gale,  an  old  land 
mark  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid  near  the  west 
end  station  was  blown  away,  exposing 
view  several  small  houses  built  from  th« 
wreck  of  a  vessel.  On  examination  thoy 
were  found  to  contain  quite  a  number  of  arti 
cles  of  furniture,  stores  put  up  in  boxes,  bales 
of  blankets,  quantities  of  military  shoes,  and 
among  other  articles  a  brass  dog-collar  on 
which  was  engraved  the  name  of  Major  Elliott, 
43rd  regiment.  It  was  afterwards  ascertained 
that  this  regiment  while  returning  to  Halifax 
from  the  siege  of  Quebec  was  wrecked  here, 
but  afterward  taken  off  without  loss  of  life. 

The  size  of  the  island  has  lessened  from  40 
miles  to  22  in  length,  from  2i  miles  to  some- 
thing less  than  one  in  breadth  ;  and  its  hills 
have  been  lowered  by  the  winds  from  200  feet 
"n  height  to  80  feet. 

Summer  Colds.— Statistics  show  that  there 
are  moro  deaths  from  consumption  in  tiie 
summer  than  in  the  winter  months. 


THE    FRIEND. 


383 


The  body  is  then  much  more  liable  to  be 
jrown  into  a  perspiration.  The  too  sudden 
becking  of  perspiration  is  the  most  usual 
ause  of  colds.  In  various  ways,  during  the 
ummer  months,  multitudes  sweat  who  do 
ot  earn  their  bread  by  the  sweat  of  their 
rows.  The  temptation  to  catch  the  cooling 
reeze,  or  to  suddenly  stop  exercise  and  throw 
ff  the  superfluous  garment,  is  too  strong  for 
lany  a  careless  or  thoughtless  one.  The 
kin  is  a  great  self-regulator  in  the  summer 
ime,  and  will  bear  the  breezes  if  equally  dis- 
ributed.  But  the  draught  through  a  small 
pening  directed  against  an  exposed  part,  or 
ho  failure  to  put  on  a  coat  or  shawl  while  a 
udden  cooling  is  going  on,  is  about  as  likely 
o  give  one  a  cold  in  the  summer  as  in  the 
vinter.  There,  is,  too,  a  coolness  in  the  air  of 
fountains  and  forests  and  by  the  sea  to  which 
nany  a  traveller  is  unused,  and  there  is  need 
ff  adjustment  to  the  new  surroundings.  We 
hink  the  value  of  some  form  of  thin  flannel 
ferment  next  to  the  skin  is  as  great  in  the 
'ummer  as  in  the  winter,  and  that  a  stock  of 
lannels  must,  in  the  States,  be  always  a  part 
>f  the  summer  outfit.  On  some  accounts  the 
iability  to  colds  in  the  open  air  is  not  so  great 
is  at  seasons  of  the  year  when  we  depend 
ipon  artificial  heat.  But  as  there  is  often  so 
narked  a  change  from  the  heat  of  mid-day  to 
:he  cool  of  evening  it  is  noticeable  that  many 
ire  affected  by  talking  much  in  the  open 
We  all  forget  too  much  that  the  nose  is  the 
primary  beginningof  the  breathing  apparatus 
The  wind  pipe  is  a  tube,  having  a  bifurcation 
at  each  end.  It  receives  the  air  through  two 
channels  [the  nostrils]  so  warmed  and  moist- 
ened as  to  be  prepared  to  flow  into  both  lungs 
and  perform  its  great  work.  If  the  chief,  or 
only  passage  is  the  wide  open  mouth,  both 
coldness  and  dust  of  any  kind  find  too  ready 
access  to  the  minute  lobules  of  the  pulmonary 
tissue.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  many  are 
injured  by  long  talking  in  the  open  air,  and 
near  nightfall  or  during  the  evening,  when  the 
temperature  is  rapidly  changing.  Even  where 
cold  does  not  express  itself  by  cough,  not  in- 
frequently some  portion  of  the  alimentary 
apparatus  is  affected,  as  is  so  frequently  seen 
with  infants.  We  have  known  persons  of 
delicate   health    much    injured    by  those 


I  lived  set  me  the  example  of  strict  obedience  to  the 
law,  both  of  Moses  and  of  the  Talmud.  The  man- 
ner in  which  they  kept  the  Sabbath,  showed  how 
particular  thev  were  in  outward  observances. 

"  The  Jewish  Sabbath  begins  at  sunset  on  Friday, 
and  lasts  till  sunset  on  Saturday.  The  Jews  will  do 
no  sort  of  work  on  the  Sabbath  ;  they  begin  to  put 
away  their  employment  at  two  or  three  in  the  after- 
noon, and  in  winter  earlier  still.  On  Friday  enough 
food  is  cooked  for  the  Sabbath. 

"  No  fire  may  be  touched  on  the  Sabbath,  nor  may 
candlesticks,  nor  snuffers,  nor  anything  that  has  to 
do  with  fire.  The  mother  of  the  family  always 
lights  the  candles  before  she  goes  to  the  Synagogue 
on  Friday ;  but,  as  it  is  necessary  that  the  candles 
should  be  snuffed,  a  Gentile  servant  is  hired  to  snuff 
them,  as  well  as  to  light  the  fire  in  winter.  Some 
Jews  however  will  have  no  tire  even  in  the  coldest 
weather. 

As  this  Gentile  servant  would  not  have  enough 
to  do,  if  she  only  attended  to  the  fire  and  candles  of 
one  family,  she  waits  upon  several  families  and  goes 
from  house  to  house  to  snuff  their  candles  by  turns. 
I  will  now  mention  an  anecdote,  which  will  show 
you  how  strictly  the  Jews  observe  the  law  against 
touching  fire. 

"One  Sabbath  evening  whilst  our  family  was  at 
supper,  the  snuff  of  a  candle,  which  had  long  re- 
mained unsnuffed,  dropped  upon  the  table  cloth, 
and  set  it  on  fire.  We  all  started  up  in  great  eon- 
fusion,  and  began  to  call  for  the  Gentile  servant  to 
come  and  put  out  the  fire  ;  but  she  was  in  a  neigh- 
bor's house  snuffing  the  candles,  and  could  not  come 
immediately.  Not  one  of  us  durst  touch  the  table 
cloth,  but  looked  on  till  it  was  consumed,  as  well 
many  other  things  upon  the  table."—  The  Hebrew 
Christian. 
—New  Buildings  at  Westtovm.— At  the  late  meet 
g  of  the  Committee  having  charge  of  Westtown 
-jhool,  the  committee  appointed  to  procure  funds 
for  the  erection  of  new  school  buildings  reported, 
that  they  had  received  subscriptions  to  the  amount 
of  about  8130,000.  So  liberal  a  subscription,  ' 
short  a  time,  is  an  evidence  of  the  warm  interest 
felt  in  this  institution  by  Friends  of  Philadelphia 
Yearly  Meeting. 


duty  was  to  endeavor  to  encourage  the  Mayor 
and  other  officials  of  Philadelphia  in  the  sup- 


THE    FRIEND. 


SEVENTH  MONTH  5,  1884. 


Until  it  shall  please  the  Almighty  in  his 
ivisdom  and  goodness  to  pour  forth  upon 
nankind  a  fuller  manifestation  of  his  Spirit, 
t  must  needs  be  that  offences  will  come — that 


judicious  summer  exposures  which  we  are  apt  those  who  love  the  Lord  and  desire  the  wel- 
to  be  tempted  to  when  the  air  is  genial  and  fare  of  their  fellow  men  will  see  much  that 
the  skies  are  bright.— The  Independent.  calls  for  sadness  of  heart,  and  that  demands 

their  earnest  labors  to  remove.  The  evils 
that  flow  from  pernicious  literature,  from  in- 
temperance, and  in  general  from  a  want  of 
submission  to  the  government  of  the  Spirit  of 


Items. 

-The  Indian  Problem. — If  we  could  only  treat  the 


Indian  with  justice,  and  teach  him  the  arts  of  peace,!  Christ,  are  obvious  and  ^"P™*! !  and  il 


even  the  skeleton  of 
-B.  F.  Butler. 


has  been  a  comfort  to  note  some  of  the  efforts 
that  have  been  used  of  latter  time  in  this  city 
and  vicinity,  to  lessen  their  influence! 

The  Law  and  Order  Society  of  Philadelphia, 
we  believe,  confines  its  operations  to  the  en 
forcement  of  the  laws,  imperfect  as  they  are 
which  regulate  the  liquor  traffic,  and  the  ob 
servance'of  the  first  day  of  the  week  as  i 
day  of  rest  from  ordinary  labors.  Experi 
ence  has  shown,  that  unless  the  laws  on  such 
c  subjects  are  enforced  by  public  opinion,  and 
^^^^^:r^'or^t^\^^  authorities  strengthened  by  outside 


we  have  practically  no  use 
an  army  which  now  exists.- 

—Navy  Chaplains.— The  Christian  Advocate,  in  il- 
lustration of  the  working  of  this  branch  of  the  pub- 
lic service,  gives  in  detail  the  case  of  a  chaplain  who 
has  recently  resigned,  after  having  been  under  ap- 
pointment more  than  ten  years.  For  the  first  year 
and  a  half  after  his  appointment,  he  was  simply 
awaiting  orders,  with  no  duties  to  perform,  for  which 
period  he  received  82400.  He  was  on  duty,  princi- 
pally at  the  New  York  and  Pensacola   Navy-yards, 


more  than  five  years/for  which  time  he  was  paid  help,  they  are  apt  to  remain  almost  as  a  dead 
19500  letter  on  the  statute  books. 

-7b6aCc..-AttheMethodistConfereneeinPhil-l  Many  of  our  readers  will  ™»«™b«  ^ 
adelphia  it  was  decided  that  local  preachers  here-  the  minutes  of  our  Meeting  foibuttciings, 
after  shall  be  asked  the  question,  "Will  you  abstain  which  were  read  in  our  late  Yearly  Meeting, 
from  the  use  of  tobacco?"  [mentioned  the  appointment  of  a  committee  in 

-Jewish  Traditions.-" The  Jews  amongst  whom  the  interests  of  public  morals,  whose  special 


pression  of  intemperance  and  other  evils,  so 
far  as  could  be  done  by  the  exercise  of  their 
legal  powers  and  the  influence  they  might  bo 
able  to  exert.  This  committee  has  been  labor- 
ing in  a  quiet,  unobtrusive  way  ;  and  has  met 
with  an  open  reception  from  those  whom  they 
have  approached. 

As  a  result  of  the  various  influences  which 
have  been  brought  to  bear,  as  well  as  of  the 
personal  convictions  of  the  officers  of  our  city, 
the  cases  of  many  offenders  against  the  law 
have  claimed  notice.  The  Grand  Jury  re- 
cently returned  true  bills  against  forty  liquor 
dealers  for  selling  without  a  license.  This 
ndicates  a  degree  of  faithfulness  to  his  duties 
on  the  part  of  the  District  Attorney,  which 
it  is  to  be  hoped  may  continue  to  be  exhibited. 
The  constables  of  the  different  wards  also 
made  returns  of  about  300  others,  who  sell 
liquors  in  quantities  less  than  a  quart,  and 
stand  casks,  &c,  in  their  places.  In 
these  cases  rules  were  granted  by  the  Judge 
of  the  Court  to  show  cause  why  their  licenses 
should  not  be  revoked.  In  response  to  the 
efforts  of  the  Mayor,  the  Hotel  and  Saloon- 
keepers' Union  have  adopted  a  resolution  re- 
commending their  members  to  comply  with 
the  law  prohibiting  the  sale  of  liquor  on  First- 
days,  and  calling  upon  the  Mayor  for  a  "  gen- 
eral and  universal  enforcement  of  the  Sunday 
law,  so  that  no  business  of  any  character  shall 
bo  transacted  on  that  day." 

A  striking  illustration  of  the  evil  effects, 
especially  on  the  excitable  minds  of  the  young, 
of  the  descriptions  of  robbery,  bloodshed  and 
adventure  which  form  the  staple  theme  of 
much  of  the  cheap  fiction  of  the  day,  is  to  be 
found  in  the  following  item: — 

"  Quite  recently  the  police  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
arrested  a  gang  of  young  robbers  who  had  been 
committing  depredations  in  that  city  for  some  time. 
The  oldest  of  the  gang  was  fifteen,  and  the  youngest 
eight.  They  were  organized  after  the  most  approved 
dime-novef  stvle,  calling  themselves  the  '  Red  hand- 
ed Robbers.'  They  had  their  '  cave,'  in  which  were 
found  cigarettes,  w'ine,  and  various  other  articles  of 
stolen  property.  Their  last  act  was  to  plunder  the 
missionary  box  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Each 
member  of  the  gang  slept  with  a  string  attached  to 
his  person,  one  end  of  which  hung  outside  the  win- 
dow. When  the  leader  wished  to  engage  in  a  mid- 
night raid,  he  would  pull  the  string,  and  awaken 
the  sleeping  bandit.  These  boys  were  all  the  chil- 
dren of  respectable  parents,  who,  no  doubt,  like 
hundreds  of  others,  were  too  busy  to  bother  them- 
selves about  what  their  boys  were  reading." 

In  close  connection  with  this  style  of  litera- 
ture, and  still  more  debasing,  is  that  of  a 
licentious  character  which  is  unblushingly 
sold  by  many  of  our  news-dealers— especially 
in  what  are  termed  Police  Gazettes,  which 
familiarize  their  readers  with  every  detail  of 
vice  and  abomination,  and  almost  inevitably 
pollute  the  mind  with  filthy  ideas  and  foul 
images.  A  sense  of  their  abominable  charac- 
ter and  hurtful  effects,  called  forth  from  our 
friend  Josiah  W.  Leeds,  a  petition  to  the  City 
Councils,  in  which  he  states  that  "  papers  of 
an  immoral  or  pernicious  tendency"  are  sold 
at  a  news-stand  in  the  passage  way  of  the 
new  City  Hall;  "that  the  demoralizing  ten- 
dency of  the  class  of  publications  referred  to 
is  of  so  serious  a  character,  and  has  been  pro- 
ductive of  such  alarming  results  in  its  effects 
upon  the  young,  that  the  legislative  and  judi- 
cial authorities"  in  many  places  throughout 
the  land  have  been  invoked  against  it;"  "and 
that  the  maintenance  of  such  a  fount  of  de- 


3S4 


THE    FRIEND. 


basement  is  opposed  to  the  moral  sense  of 
the  community,  and  particularly  so  in  view  of 
the  fact  of  its  being  located  upon  public  pro- 
perty." 

The  result  of  this  petition  was  the  closing 
of  the  City  Hall  news-stand  by  order  of  the 
committee  to  whom  the  subject  was  referred, 
or  of  the  Public  Building's  Commissioners. 
This  rebuke  of  a  great  evil  is  valuable  as  an 
endorsement  of  sound  principle;  but  as  the 
North  American  justly  remarks,  Councils 
should  not  confine  their  attention  to  the  par- 
ticular news-dealer  in  question,  but  should 
extend  their  care  to  others,  whose  stands  are 
upon  the  sidewalks  throughout  the  city.  In 
reference  to  this  subject,  the  Christian  States- 
man recommends  the  adoption  of  some  gen- 
eral ordinance  to  meet  the  difficultj',  which, 
it  says,  "  must  be  grappled  with,  if  the  purity 
and  good  order  of  our  homes  are  worth  pre- 
serving;" and  it  adds:  "  While  an  unlawfully 
placed  swinging  sign  may  now  and  then 
touch  the  beaver  or  the  bonnet-feather  of  a 
sidewalk  pedestrian,  so  that  public  opinion 
saj-s  the  signs  shall  come  down,  are  there  not 
scores  and  hundreds  of  news-stands  upon  the 
sidewalks  oft'eiing  to  our  citizens  the  vilest 
kind  of  reading  matter,  all  of  which  is  an 
offence  to  the  laws  of  both  man  and  his 
Maker?" 

It  was  recently  stated  to  one  of  our  friends, 
by  one  whose  position  gives  weight  to  his 
opinions,  that  the  practical  enforcement  of 
the  existing  laws  against  demoralizing  litera- 
ture was  not  Kkely  to  be  effected,  unless 
through  the  aid  of  some  association  (such  as 
the  Law  and  Order  Society)  which  could 
make  an  organized  effort.  While  this  is  pro- 
bably true,  we  think  the  success  attending 
the  concern  t)f  our  friend  J.  W.  Leeds,  may 
encourage  others,  whose  minds  are  impressed 
with  the  sense  of  a  duty  to  be  performed  in 
this  matter,  to  go  forward  with  a  degree  of 
simple  faith  and  courage.  Whether  their 
efforts  meet  with  apparent  success  or  not, 
those  labors  that  are  performed  in  the  Lord's 
fear  and  under  his  counsel,  cannot  fail  of 
bringing  a  blessing  upon  the  faithful  servant. 

It  is  proper  to  add,  that  we  believe  there 
are  news-dealers  who  refuse  to  sell  (and  we 
trust  on  the  ground  of  principle)  the  demoral- 
izing papers  referred  to  by  the  Christian 
Statesman. 


On  the  30th  ultimo,  Premier  Gladstone  moved  thi 
the  vote  of  censure  of  the  Government's  Egyplia 
policy  he  given  precedence  of  all  other  business."  Th 
motion  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  190  to  148. 

The  conference  of  the  five  powers  upon  the  Egvpti 
question  met  in  London  6th  month  28th,  at  the  Briti 
Foreign  Office.  All  the  plenipotentiaries  were  presen 
including  Count  Karolyi,  for  Austria:  Count  von  Mut 
ster,  for  Germany  ;  Senator  Waddington,  for  France 
Chevalier  Nigra,  for  Italy  ;  Muslims  Pasha,  for  Tnrkej 
and  Hugh  C.  Childers,  Chancellor  of  the  British  Ex 
chequer,  and  Earl  Granville,  British  Secretary  of  Stat 
for  Foreign  Affairs.  England  alone  had  two  represen 
tatives  present.  Earl  Granville  briefly  stated  the  finan 
rial  proposals  to  be  considered.  Conference  then  ad 
journedto  aHow  the  finance  experts  to  examine  th. 
meeting  has  not  beei 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— Both  Houses  of  Congress  have 
passed  nearly  all  the  regular  appropriation  bills,  and 
hoped  to  be  able  to  adjourn  on  the  5th  of  7th  month. 

Major  Allen  Pigeon,  Indian  Agent  for  Northern 
Montana,  reports  that  the  Indians  "  are  dying  fast  from 
the  scant  supply  of  food  at  the  agency."  Thirty  coffins 
were  furnished  during  the  last  month,  but  it  is  believed 
the  deaths  are  "fully  thrice  that  number,"  the  Indians 
preferring  to  place  dead  bodies  in  trees  or  on  stone  piles 
in  the  hills.  The  majority  of  the  victims  are  children 
from  5  to  12  years  of  age.  "In  another  week,"  says 
the  major,  "  the  supplies  will  be  entirely  exhausted, 
and  the  three  thousand  Indians  on  the  reservation  will 
be  left  to  starve  or  subsist  on  the  cattle  of  the  settlers." 

The  San  Fmncinen  Merchant  says  :  "  We  hear  on  ex- 
cellent authority  that  two  discoveries  of  large  bodies  of 
anthracite  coal  have  been  made  in  Northern  Mexico. 
The  accounts  of  these  coal  beds  which  have  reached 
San  Francisco  are  extraordinary,  and  if  the  experts  who 
are  going  from  this  city  to  examine  them  should  find 
them  as  stated,  the  results  on  manufacturing  in  San 
Francisco  and  vicinity  will  be  startling.  It  is  said  the 
cost  of  mining  and  transporting,  with  a  fair  profit,  will 
not  exceed  $0  per  ton." 

At  the  recent  State  election  in  Oregon,  there  were 
11,223  votes  cast  in  favor  of  woman's  suffrage,  and 
28,170  against. 


Great  damage  was  done  by  the  storm  of  6th  mo.  25th 
in  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  New  Jersey, 
New  York  and  portions  of  New  England.  But  an  in- 
calculable amount  of  benefit  to  the  growing  crops  and 
vegetables,  far  more  than  compensated  our  people. 
Destructive  forest  fires  in  Dalton  and  Whitefield  coun- 
ties, New  Hampshire,  and  in  the  Calais  district,  Maine, 
were  extinguished  by  it. 

A  fire  is  raging  in  the  woods  at  Brownsville,  Maine, 
along  the  line  of  the  Katahdin  Iron  Works  Railroad. 
The  fire  is  in  woods  which  were  blown  down  by  the 
gale  of  last  fall,  and  is  spreading  rapidly.  Fires  are 
also  reported  at  Forestville  on  the  European  and  North 
American  Division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  A 
destructive  fire  is  in  progress  on  Graylock  Mountain, 
near  Adams,  Massachusetts.     Many  acres  of  valuable 

timber  have  been  destroyed,  and  the  fire  threatens  the  .proposals.     The  date  of  the 
houses  near  the  mountain's  base.  fixed. 

Just  before  the  New  York  Legislature  adjourned,  it  The  reports  of  the  fall  of  Berber  are  officially  con 
issed  an  act  empowering  women  to  vote  on  all  ques-  firmed.  Berber  was  surprised  by  the  rebels  at  day 
tionsof  taxation  submitted  to  popular  vote  in  the  village  break  5th  mo.  26th,  and  after  much  fighting,  Hussier 
of  Union  Springs.  After  the  adjournment,  pressure  Pacha  Khalifa,  Governor  of  Berber,  surrendered.  A 
was  brought  to  bear  upon  Governor  Cleveland  to  in-  massacre  of  the  inhabitants  followed.  The  women 
duce  him  to  withhold  his  signature  from  the  bill,  but,  children  were  spared  and  a  few  men  escaped, 
after  hearing  the  arguments  brought  against  it,  he  I  It  is  believed  in  Brussels,  that  America,  France  ant 
igned  the  act,  and  it  is  now  a  law.  Germany  will  shortly  recognize  the  free  State  on  th 

I  he  Governor  of  Rhode  Island  is  quoted  as  saying  Congo  created  by  the  International  African  Association 
hat  25  per  cent,  of  the  children  of  school  age  in  that  |  A  number  of  cases  of  what  appears  to  be  Asiatit 
State,  do  not  attend  any  school,  and  the  proportion  of  cholera,  have  occurred  in  Toulon,  France.  A  disregard 
illiteracy,  greater  than  in  any  other  Northern  State,  is  [of  proper  sanitary  precautions  has  been  considered  suffi 
largely  increasing.  cient  to  account  for  the  outbreak.     A  large  proportior. 

lhe  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  402, 'of  the  cases  have  proved  fatal.  Many  of  the  Mediter- 
which  was  28  more  than  during  the  previous  week,  and  iranean  ports  have  been  quarantined  against  vessels 
30  more  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year,  'arriving  from  Toulon.  The  roads  and  mountain  passes 
The  whole  number  of  males  was  207,  of  females  195:  41  j  in  France  are  also  narrowly  guarded,  and  a  military 
died  of  consumption;  45  of  cholera  infantum  ;  19  of  con-  cordon  has  been  established  along  I  lie  Spanish  frontier, 
vulsions  ;  16  of  marasmus  ;  16  of  inflammation  of  the  'The  disease  has  appeared  at  Marseilles, 
stomach  and  bowels;  15  of  old  age;  11  of  scarlet  fever,  Despatches  received  in  Paris  from  Hanoi  state  that 
and  11  of  pneumonia.  4000  Chinese  regulars,  who  were  provided  with  artil- 

Markets,  &C.—U.  S.  4]'s,  110.]  ;  4's,  registered,  118  ;  'lery,  entrenched  themselves  at  Langson,  in  violation  oi 
coupon,  119  ;  3's,  100]  ;  currency  6's,  123  a  131.  j  the  treaty,  and  attacked  the  French  forces  as  they  were 

Cotton  continues  dull.  Sales  of  middlings  are  re-|on  the  march,  killing  seven  and  wounding  forty-two. 
ported  at  llf  a  11J  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  [General  Negrier  at  once  set  out  with  reinforcements. 
New  Orleans.  (General  Millot  telegraphs  that  the  French  troops  non- 

standard white,  7|  cts.  for  export,  and  bered  700  men,  and  were  on   their  way  to  Langson. 


Petroleum.- 


Ion  for  home  use. 


85  els.  per 

Feed.— Winter  bran  sells  at  $16  a  $16.25  per  ton. 

Flour  was  dull  and  weak.     Sales  of  1750  barrels,  in- 
eluding  Minnesota  extras,  at  $3.75  a  $5.50;  Pennsyl 


Though  so  greatly  outnumbered  they  routed  the  Chinese. 
Among  those  lost  by  the  French  were  two  officers.  It 
is  reported  that  Admiral  Courbet  has  been  instructed 
to  demand  a  public  apology  of  China,  as  well  as  an  in- 


family  at  $4.25  a   $4.50;   western   do.  at  $5  ademnity  for  the  violation  of  the  treaty  bv  the  Ch...„ 

$5.65,  and  patents  at  S0.O0  a  $6.40.     Rye  flour  was  dull  :at  Langson,  and  that  in  case  China  refuses  to  grant  this, 

at  $3.20  a  $3.50  per  barrel.  I  the  French  fleet  will  bombard  the  Chinese  cities.     It  is 

Grain.— Wheat  was  dull  and  lower:  3700  bushels  red   believed  that  France  will  now  demand  a  heavv  indeni- 

sold  in  lots,  including  No.  1  at  $1.04  a  $1.07  ;  a  choice  nity  of  the  Chinese. 


hel,  the 
cts.  per 


lot  at  $1.10;  No.  2  at  97  cts.  a  Bl.04  pel 

latter  rate  for  Delaware;  and  No.  3  red  at 

bushel,  and  30,000   bushels  No.  2  red  at  9i 

6th  mo.,  96i  a  97$  cts.  7th  mo.,  98|  a  98|  cts.  8th  mo, 

and   99|   a  $1  4>th   mo.     Corn.— Car  lots  were  easier: 


On  the  29th  ult.,  serious  anti-Semitic  riots  occurred 
in  Algiers.  Much  blood  was  shed  and  the  Jews'  quarter 
was  pillaged.   Order  was  at  last  restored  by  the  troops. 

A  Madrid  correspondent  telegraphs  that  the  Spanish 

and  French  Governments  have  agreed  to  authorize  the 

100  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  59  a  60  cts.  per  bushel,  the  construction  of  two  new  railways,  which  will  involve 


latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  55  a  57  cts.  for  rejected 
and  steamer,  and  sail  mixed  at  57  a  59  cts.  6th  mo., 
57J  a  58]  cts.  7th  mo.,  59  a  60  cts.  8th  mo.,  and  60| 
61  cts.  9th  mo.  Oats. — Car  lots  were  lower:  8500 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  35  a  3S  cts.  per  bushel,  accord- 
ing to  quality,  and  10,000  bushels  No.  2  white  at  35J 
a  30J  cts.  6th  mo.,  36£  a  36jj  cts.  7th  mo.,  35]  a  38  cts. 
8th  mo.,  and  35  a  35]  cts.  9th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots 
at  70  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Beef  cattle  were  in  fair  demand  and  prices  a  fraction 
higher:  2700  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  4  a  7]  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep. — Good  grades  were  in  fair  demand  at  an  ad- 
vance:  12  000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  2}  a  5]  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3]  a  7]  cts.,  per 
pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  unchanged :  4200  head  arrived  and  sold 
at  7}  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  the  latter  rate  for  extra. 

Foreign.— On  the  25th  ultimo,  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  Sir  Stafford  Northcote  gave  notice  that  he 

tended  to  ofler  a  motion  of  censure  of  the  Govern- 
ment's Egyptian  policy.  He  will  ask  that  a  day  beset 
apart  for  the  consideration  of  the  motion.  The  words 
of  the  motion  of  censure  are  as  follows  :  "  That  the 
agreement  proposed  between  England  and  France  would 
not  establish  good  govern  nientand  tranquillity  in  Egypt, 
or  justify  England  in  assuming  a  loan  to  Egypt,  or  in 
guaranteeing  the  Egyptian  debt." 

Arthur  Arnold,  Liberal  member  for  Salford,  gave 
notice  that  he  would  offer  the  following  amendment  to 
the  censure  motion:  "That  Parliament  withholds  the 
xpression  of  an  opinion  regarding  the  negotiations 
ith  France  until  it  knows  what  proposals  on  Egyptian 
finances  are  to  be  submitted  to  the  conference." 


the  cutting  of  two  tunnels  through  the  Pyrenees.  The 
one  will  shorten  the  route  between  Paris  and  Madrid, 
while  the  other  will  give  France  a  speedier  access  to 
ports  in  the  east  of  Spain,  whence  she  could  most  ex- 
peditiously despatch  reliefs  to  Algiers. 

The  Mexican  Government  has  appointed  an  inspector 
of  railroads,  whose  duty  it  is  to  supervise  and  regulate 
train  schedules.  No  special  train  can  be  run  without 
first  obtaining  his  consent.  It  is  reported  from  the  City 
of  Mexico,  that  the  American  railroads  in  Mexico  are 
to  be  handicapped  by  a  law  requiring  that  all  railroads 
in  that  country  be  required  to  fence  the  entire  length 
of  their  lines  on  both  sides,  the  fences  to  be  so  con- 
structed as  to  prevent  even  goats  from  getting  on  the 
track.  It  is  estimated  that  the  Mexican  Central  road 
would  have  to  expend  $5,000,000  to  comply  with  such 
a  law. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  to  convey  passengers  to 

the  school. 

FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankford,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
Managers. 

WILLIAM  H.  PILE,"  PRINTER""" 

No.  422  Walnut  Street. 


THE    FRIEND, 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEYKXTH  KAY,  SEYEXTH  MONTH  12,  1SX-1. 


NO.    49. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,    if  paid   in    advance,   §2.00  per  annum. 


JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAI 
PHILADELPHIA. 

(  Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

Moorestown.  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-i 


at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  378.) 

1811,  10th  month  21st.  We  went  to  Elk 
lidge  and  attended  an  appointed  meeting, 
vhicb  was  truly  a  trying  one.     On  our  way 

0  the  city  we  had  another  spectacle  of  the 
lorrid  effects  of  slavery — a  herd  of  females 
Driving  towards  a  Southern  market.     O,  the 

earts  of  tyrants  unrelenting!  how  long  must 
.hese  abominations  infest  the  land,  boasting 
n  this  day,  of  its  freedom.  In  the  evening 
lad  a  tendering  opportunity  at  our  lodgings 
vith  some  of  the  young  people. 

23rd.  Several  friends  going  with  us,  we 
svent  to  Gunpowder  Monthly  Meeting;  it  was 
i  day  of  laborious  service,  to  but  little  if  any 

lief  to  the  exercised  mind. 

25th.     Went  to  Bush  Creek  and  attended 

1  very  small  meeting,  which  was  productive 
>f  some  consolation:  several  were  brought 
nto  tenderness. 

th.  Labored  in  weakness  in  their  First- 
Jay  meeting  at  Deer  Creek,  but  it  is  hoped 
lot  in  vain. 

28th.  In  an  appointed  meeting  at  Fawn,  I 
svas  brought  into  tender  sympathy  with  some 
leeply  afflicted  and  tried  minds,  I  believe  to 
>ur  mutual  comfort;  the  language  of  encour- 
igement  was  administered  to  them. 

On  the  29th  we  travelled  through  a  dreary 
wilderness  country,  in  which  it  was  difficult 
)btaining  feed  for  our  horses  or  food  for  our- 
selves, and  that  night  were  hospitably  enter- 
lained  at  a  Friend's  house  in  Yorktown,  and 
next  day  were  at  their  Preparative  Meeting; 
t  was  small. 

11th  month  1st.  Eeturned  to  Baltimore, 
ind  next  day  had  an  arduous  season  in  their 
Quarterly  Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders. 

3rd.  My  faith  was  renewedly  strengthened 
n  their  morning  meeting  in  the  Western 
ouse,  but  had  a  laborious  time  in  the  Eastern 
neeting  in  the  afternoon.  In  the  evening  we 
Dad  a  meeting  for  the  youth  of  that  city. 
This  was  the  largest  gathering  of  that  de- 
scription that  ever  I  had  seen  together  on  any 
such  occasion — some  thought  there  were  a 
housand  present.  Much  counsel  was  im- 
parted to  them. 

4th.  A  season  of  distress  in  their  Quarterly 
Meeting  to-day  ;  but  in  the  evening  refresh- 
ment was  met  with  at  our  lodgings,  with  the 
pouth. 


8th.  Continued  our  journey  to  Washington 
City,  the  seat  of  our  national  Government; 
in  the  evening  we  bad  a  religious  opportunitj- 
with  the  family  where  we  put  up,  and  others 
who  came  in. 

10th.  Had  some  service  at  their  First-day 
meeting  in  this  city  ;  but  it  is  not  a  place  for 
religion  easily  to  gain  the  ascendency:  left 
them  unrelieved,  and  rode  to  Alexandria. 
We  attended  a  very  satisfactory  meeting  in 
the  evening  at  this  place;  a  door  of  utterance 
and  of  entrance  was  found  here.  I  met  with 
a  cousin  whom  I  had  not  seen  for  about  nine- 
teen years,  and  we  were  mutually  glad  to 
meet ;  she  is  in  gay  and  high  life,  but  I  believe 
is  often  uneasy  with  her  situation.  Biches 
give  no  security  to  happiness,  but  often  in- 
terrupt it.  Her  husband  is  a  man  of  affable 
manners,  and  treated  me  with  great  civility  ; 
but  he  is  a  holder  of  slaves,  and  has  many  of 
them  around  him  ;  I  was  informed  they  were 
treated  well.  We  had  some  conversation  on 
the  subject,  and  I  endeavored  to  convince 
him  of  the  impropriety  of  holding  our  fellow 
creatures  in  slavery;  and  to  show  him  that 
good  hired  free  men,  kept  on  their  planta- 
tions, would  be  more  to  their  interest  and 
comfort  than  to  keep  slaves  as  they  now  do  ; 
but  it  was  not  a  favorite  subject  for  him  to 
treat  on. 

13th.  At  Fairfax  mid-week  meeting  had  a 
heart  searching  time,  very  much  to  the  relief 
of  my  mind.  Dined  with  two  aged  Friends, 
a  minister  and  an  elder,  alive  in  the  Truth. 
Blessed  be  the  Lord,  He  has  his  standard- 
bearers  in  the  different  parts  of  his  vineyard. 

14th.  Attended  Goose  Creek  mid-week 
meeting,  it  was  truly  an  awakening  season. 

16th.  The  Quarterly  Meeting  of  Ministers 
and  Elders  at  Fairfax  was  a  time  of  deep  ex- 
ercise. In  their  First-day  meeting  gospel 
truths  were  opened  to  the  people,  and  my 
soul  enabled  to  rejoice  in  the  God  of  my  sal- 
vation. The  Lord  is  good,  and  his  mercy  en- 
dures forever. 

At  the  Quarterly  Meeting,  content  with 
humble  poverty,  yet  the  language  of  encour- 
agement flowed  to  the  children  to  persevere 
in  the  paths  of  truth  and  virtue. 

20th.  At  Berkley  mid-week  meeting,  was 
a  time  to  be  remembered.  A  meeting  is  given 
out  to  be  held  in  this  neighborhood  on  our 
account  to-morrow,  and  among  Presbyterians, 
where  a  meeting  of  the  kind  was  never  held 
before.  Bow,  O  my  soul,  in  humble  submis- 
sion but  in  firm  dependence  on  Him  alone 
who  is  able  to  unloose  the  seals  and  open  the 
book  !  Thou  well  knowest  thou  canst  do  noth- 
ing without  Him;  yet  through  merciful  con- 
descension thou  canst  do  all  things  required 
at  thj'  hands. 

21st.  Attended  the  aforesaid  meeting;  it 
was  large;  and  many  of  the  people  belonged 
to  a  manufactory  of  guns,  swords  and  bayo- 
nets, and  such  like  instruments  of  bloodshed 
and  human  slaughter.  They  were  exceed- 
ingly still ;  and  those  things  which  appertain 


to  the  peaceable  Kingdom  of  the  blessed  Mes- 
siah were  largely  opened  to  their  view;  and 
my  soul  was  relieved  of  all  its  anxieties.  After 
dinner  we  crossed  the  ferry  at  the  junction  of 
the  Potomac  and  Shenandoah  rivers,  and 
near  where  the  Potomac  passes  through  a 
stupendous  fissure  in  the  Blue  Ridge  of  moun- 
tains, and  rode  to  Frederickstown. 

23rd.  At  the  Quarterly  Meeting  of  Minis- 
ters and  Elders,  held,  at  Pipe  Creek.  Mary 
Bonsall,  with  Ann  Paul  and  Samuel  Bettle, 
were  there  from  Philadelphia.  It  was  labori- 
ous, yet  some  strength   was  derived  from  it. 

A  season  of  enlargement  in  their  First-day 
meeting,  and  had  some  exercise  for  the  young 
people  in  the  Quarterly  Meeting. 

27th.  Continued  our  journey  to  Alexandria 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  on  the  28th 
were  at  their  mid-week  meeting.  The  cele- 
bration of  a  marriage  there  being  so  novel  in 
that  city,  it  drew  many  people  together  of 
the  most  fashionable  sort,  and  they,  being 
eager  to  see  the  performance,  disturbed  the 
meeting  considerably.  But  a  solemn  alarm' 
being  sounded  among  them,  they  settled  down 
in  quietness,  and  my  mind  was  soon  relieved. 

28th.  In  a  letter  to  his  wife,  M.  C.  remarks: 
"  I  have  seen  great  riches  and  worldly  gran- 
deur in  my  late  travels,  and  though  I  have 
found  many  worthies  possessed  of  this  world's 
wealth,  I  have  also  seen  much  of  their  de- 
plorable effects.  I  have  seen  also  many  of  the 
abodes  of  misery,  beyond  what  I  have  been 
acquainted  with  before;  and  am  renewedly 
confirmed  that  happiness,  such  as  is  adapted 
to  our  highest  interest,  is  not  confined  to  the 
palace  or  thecot:  neitherto riches  norpoverty. 
I  feel  little  or  no  solicitude  for  more  than  may 
moderately  serve  our  purposes  on  this  tran- 
sient and  uncertain  stage,  and  through  this 
fleeting  state  of  things.  I  feel  great  resigna- 
tion in  1113'  own  mind.  Have  been  favored 
thus  far  to  take  no  thought  for  the  morrow, 
no  anxiety  about  future  events,  or  future 
movements;  the  more  I  am  resigned  the  more 
the  way  is  open  before  me." 

12th  month  1st.  At  their  First-day  meeting 
at  Washington.  Where  the  honors  of  the 
world,  popular  esteem  and  self-interest  have 
the  ascendency,  there  is  but  little  room  for 
simple  gospel  truths.  In  the  evening  bad  a 
large  meeting  at  the  Presbyterian  meeting- 
house in  Georgetown  ;  many  members  of  Con- 
gress and  others  were  there,  and  divers  testi- 
monies were  borne  to  important  truths.  But 
the  standard  was  not  raised  so  conspicuously 
as  at  some  other  times,  though  to  pretty  good 
satisfaction.  Lord  Almighty,  bless  the  labors 
of  thy  servant ;  or  Paul  may  plant  and  Apol- 
los  water  in  vain. 

While  in  the  city  of  Washington,  we  were 
informed  of  near  twenty  people  of  color,  laden 
with  irons  and  chains,  being  driven  through 
by  merciless  men,  for  a  Southern  market. 
Thus  they  pass  through  the  seat  of  our  gov- 
ernment, the  source  of  our  laws  and  professed 
barriers  of  justice !  O  the  lamentable  depravity 


3  SO 


THE    FRIEND. 


of  the  human  heart,  when  lost  to  sympathetic  [necessary  friction  has  been  given.  They  some- 
feelings!  Alas!  what  will  not  the'noble  crea-  times  press  a  quantity  of  the  soft  fibrous  husk 
ture,  man,  lower  himself  to  in  the  pursuit  of|of  the  ripe  cocoa-nut  into  a  cocoa-nut  shell, 
unrighteous  gain,  when  he  conceives  himself  and  then  place 
under  the  protection  of  the  law  I 


red-hot  ember  in  the  centre 
of  it;  this  will  smoulder  for  three  or  four 
days,  and  from  it  they  can  obtain  a  light  for 
their  cooking  fires. 

The  strictest  sanitary  laws  prevail  in  their 
villages.  All  offal  is  removed,  and  either 
thrown  into  the  sea,  or  buried  some  distance 
away.  All  market  places  and  cleared  spaces 
in  a  village  are  daily  swept  to  clear  them  of 
dead  leaves,  sticks,  &c. 

At  one  point  on  the  coast,  W.  Powell  met 
with  a  tribe  of  natives  to  whom  his  white 
8th.  At  their  First-day  meeting,  had  to  en-  skin  was  a  great  curiosity.  He  says,  "  I  was 
counter  deism  and  infidelity.  We  were  igno-  surrounded  by  a  crowd  of  women,  who  evi- 
rant  of  their  condition  ;  but  a  Friend  told  me,  jdently  were  under  the  impression  I  was 
after  meeting,   he   had    been   almost  choked  merely   painted   white,  as    they   rubbed   my 


3rd.  At  Sandy  Spring  Meeting;  a  season 
of  lasting  memorial  with  me — I  was  in  tears 
and  contrition  of  soul  for  several  hours. 

5th.  At  Bush  Creek  mid-week  meeting,  my 
mind  was  greatly  relieved. 

Glh.  In  the  evening  attended  a  meeting  held 
in  a  school-house  for  the  inhabitants  of  the 
village.     Not  veiy  lively. 

7th.  We  rode  to  Pipe  Creek  under  depres- 
sion of  mind. 


with  deism  among  them,  and  others  confessed 
to  the  same  import.  There  is  a  dark  spirit, 
ami  I  doubt  not  benighted  souls  among  them. 

9th.  Pursued  our  journey  to  Monallen  ;  a 
day  of  deep  trial ;  O  for  strength  to  overcome ! 

12th.  At  Warrington  Preparative  Meeting, 
my  mind  was  renewedly  exercised  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  poor  in  spirit.  Some  encour- 
agement, I  believe,  was  imparted  to  panting 
souls. 

13th.  AVe  attended  an  appointed  meeting 
at  Newberry,  where,  through  holy  help,  the 
mind  was  raised  above  all  its  troubles,  into  a 
state  of  enjoyment — heavenly  enjoyment,  un 


hands  and  face  with  their  fingers  and  then 
looked  at  them  to  see  if  any  of  the  white  had 
como  off.  One  ugly  old  lady  opened  the  front 
of  my  shirt  in  spite  of  opposition,  and  rubbed 
and  pinched  my  flesh  until  it  was  red,  on  see- 
ing which  the  others  began  to  shout  with 
astonishment.  However,  one  of  the  men 
came  to  my  assistance,  and  drove  them  all  off 
with  a  stick." 

Among  the  curious  customs  of  some  of  the 
tribes,  was  the  wearing  of  a  peculiar  head 
dress  by  the  people  on  one  of  the  small  islands. 
It  consistsof  a  number  of  rings  made  of  plaited 
cane  and  edged  with  small  shells.     They  are 


speakably  solacing.     The  glad-tidings  of  the  placed  on  the  head  of  a  man-child  when  quite 
gospel  of  peace  and  salvation  were  proclaimed  an  infant,  and  are  not  removed  till  they  are 

in  demonstration  of'tbeSpirit,  and  with  power. 

Thanks  be  ascribed  to  Him  who  is  strength 
in  weakness.  Dined,  and  in  the  afternoon 
rode  over  the  Canawaga  Mountain  to  York- 
town. 

i  welcome  day  of  rest  to  body  and 


14tl 
mind. 


(To 


For  "The  Friend." 

Wanderings  in  New  Britain. 

(Concluded  from  page  379.) 

One  of  the  amusements  practised  among 
the  children  of  New  Britain,  is  sham  battles, 
in  which  the  long  green  reeds  that  grow  on 


fifteen  or  sixteen  years  old,  when  they  are 
cut  off  and  others  of  a  larger  size  put  on.  The 
consequence  of  this  is  that  the  men's  heads 
are  compressed  just  above  the  ears.  The 
hair  stands  up  above  the  rings  in  quite  a  tuft. 
Our  author  supposes  that  they  are  worn  as 
defensive  armor  to  protect  their  heads  from 
the  blow  of  a  club. 

He  gives  a  pleasant  description  of  his  efforts 
to  open  a  trade  with  some  of  the  islanders 
who  followed  his  vessel  in  canoes  at  a  safe 
distance,  but  were  evidently  fearful  of  ventur- 
ing too  near.  After  waving  in  vain  a  green 
branch  (kept  for  the  special  purpose)  as  a 
sign  of  peace,  he  wrapped  a  piece  of  red  cloth 


swampy  ground  take  the  place  of  spears,  round  a  piece  of  wood  and  threw  it  towards 
and  the  green  fruit  of  a  tree  that  grows  on  them.  For  some  time  they  hesitated,  but  at 
the  shore  is  used  for  the  slings.  Further  on  [last  one  canoe  ventured  a  little  towards  it, 
will  perhaps  be  seen  a  group  of  children  of'jand  then  stopped  again;  but  a  young  tine- 
both  sexes  engaged  in  making  little  oval  looking  fellow  at  length  standing  up  threw 
cakes  of  sand  in  their  hand  and  throwing  down  his  paddle  as  if  to  say,  "  Here  goes,  I'll 
them  up  into  the  air  to  fall  into  the  water ;  if  chance  it,"  and  jumped  from  the  canoe  and 


they  break  it  is  not  considered  to  count  one 
to  the  thrower.  As  each  one  drops  in  whole, 
the  player  makes  a  mark  on  the  sand  with 
his  foot  to  enable  him  to  remember  the  count. 
If  one  breaks  he  has  to  rub  out  and  begin 
afresh.  On  calm  days  the  boys  will  sail  their 
toy  canoes,  and  beautiful  little  models  they 
often  are,  though  others  seem  to  be  just  as 
pleased  with  half  a  cocoa-nut  husk,  in  which 
they  fix  an  upright  stick  with  a  leaf  on  it  to 
represent  a  sail.  The  little  children  that  can 
hardly  walk  on  shore  swim  like  little  fish  in 
the  water  as  soon  as  their  legs  are  off  the 
bottom — they  seem  to  take  to  it  like  water- 
spaniels. 

Like  many  other  uncivilized  people,  they 
have  the  art  of  procuring  tire  by  friction. 
They  rub  a  sharpened  piece  of  hard  stick 
against  the  inside  of  a  piece  of  dried  split 
bamboo.  This  has  a  natural  dust  clinging  to 
it  on  the  inside  that  ignites  as  soon  as  the 


began  swimming  towards  the  red  cloth,  which 
he  soon  got  hold  of  and  returned  to  the  canoe. 
He  then  threw  another  piece  of  wood  with  a 
string  of  beads,  taking  care  that  it  should  fall 
closer  to  the  vessel  than  the  first;  the  same 
young  man  again  ventured  and  secured  the 
prize.  Their  excitement  had  been  great  on 
the  return  of  the  red  cloth,  but  it  was  nothing 
to  that  on  the  arrival  of  the  beads.  They 
shouted  and  halloed ;  each  man  tried  it  by 
putting  it  round  his  neck  and  round  his  arm  ; 
they  then  returned  to  the  other  canoes  to 
show  them.  Finally  by  continual  repetition 
of  the  manoeuvre,  the  canoes  wero  induced 
to  come  alongside  of  the  vessel.  A  large 
collection  was  purchased  of  necklaces,  arm- 
lets, ear-rings,  head-dresses,  as  well  as  some 
spears,  stono  tomahawks  and  clubs. 

The  expedition  of  Wilfred  Powell  came  to 
a  disastrous  termination.  Two  of  thoso  with 
whom   he  commenced   his  voyage   had   left, 


and  the  others  were  affected  with  fever  scj 
that  they  were  scarcely  able  to  manage  then  I 
vessel.  On  the  northern  shore  of  New  Britain  n 
a  big  sea  struck  the  rudder  and  swept  ill 
away.  A  small  bay  was  selected  and  the] 
vessel  grounded  on  a  sand  bank  about  thirty! 
yards  from  the  beach,  so  that  it  would  be  dryi 
at  low  water,  and  they  could  fix  a  temporary) 
rudder.  Here  they  were  discovered  by  the' 
natives,  and  attacked  by  a  party  armed  with: 
spears,  slings  and  tomahawks.  These  were] 
driven  off  without  any  bloodshed  by  musketaj 
loaded  with  rock  salt,  the  rudder  was  finishedi 
and  the  part}'  once  more  set  sail  on  their 
homeward  voj-age.  But  before  they  werei 
able  to  extricate  themselves  from  the  numer- 
ous shoals  and  reefs  which  abound  on  the 
northern  shore,  their  vessel  was  driven  in  the 
night  by  a  sudden  squall  on  to  a  reef,  where 
she  lay  hard  and  fast. 

Shortly  after  sunrise,  the  sea  having  moder- 
ated, some  of  the  most  valuable  articles  were 
placed  in  the  boat,  and  Powell  and  one  of  the 
other  two  men  set  off  to  a  sand  bank  in  the 
distance,  intending  to  make  it  a  place  of  de- 
posit, while  they  were  constructing  a  raft. 
On  arriving  at  the  sand  bank  he  found  it  oc- 
cupied by  50  or  60  natives  catching  turtle. 
The  goods  were  unloaded  and  while  Powelll 
remained  to  watch  them,  the  man  returned 
to  the  vessel  for  another  load,  which  he 
brought  towards  evening,  and  then  returned 
again,  as  having  but  one  boat  it  was  wiser  to 
leave  it  by  the  vessel  in  case  she  should  break 
up  during  the  night.  The  natives  were  not 
in  a  friendly  mood,  so  pulling  the  boxes  into 
a  sort  of  protection,  Powell  sat  down  to  watch 
through  the  night,  lest  the  goods  should  be 
stolen.  To  the  protestations  of  friendship 
which  were  made,  he  replied  that  if  they  were' 
really  his  friends  they  would  go  and  tell 
Tobrian,  a  friendly  chief  in  whom  he  had 
confidence,  to  send  two  or  three  of  his  largest 
canoes  to  take  away  bis  goods;  and  for  this 
service  ho  offered  to  pay  them  handsomely  ; 
but  he  ordered  them  to  keep  at  a  respectful 
distance.  As  they  went  to  their  canoes  he 
fancied  he  heard  one  of  them  say  to  another, 
"  We  shall  not  eat  white  men  to-night."  About* 
one  o'clock,  hearing  a  faint  sound  as  of  pad- 
dles, he  found  three  canoes  creeping  up  very, 
quietly,  in  each  of  which  a  man  was  standing, 
ii])  with  a  spear  already  poised.  He  im- 
mediately shouted  to  them  to  go  back,  where- 
upon they  quickly  paddled  away;  and  he 
was  no  more  disturbed  that  night. 

Early  the  next  morning  but  one,  when  both 
his  men  bad  gone  to  the  vessel  for  another 
load,  before  it  was  light,  15  or  20  canoes  ap- 
proached the  sand  bank,  but  were  driven  off 
by  the  discharge  of  a  swivel  gun,  which  had 
been  brought  from  the  vessel. 

The  following  day  a  number  of  canoes  ar- 
rived, in  one  of  which  was  Talong,  a  young 
sub-chief,  whom  he  knew  belonged  to  Tobrian, 
and  might  be  relied  on.  With  some  misgiv- 
ings, he  loaded  the  greater  part  of  the  goods 
in  the  canoes,  directed  the  two  men  to  bring 
what  they  could  in  the  boat,  and  started  him- 
self in  Talong's  canoe.  When  they  reached 
the  mainland,  one  after  another  of  the  canoes 
made  for  the  shore,  instead  of  keeping  on  to 
Materbert,  where  Tobrian  lived.  Turning  to 
Talong,  Powell  directed  him  to  to  tell  the 
men  to  come  on  at  once.  He  went  on  shore 
to  tell  them  this,  and  it  was  evident  they 
were  having  a  veiy  excited  discussion.  Pre- 
sently ho  came  back  to  the  canoe  and  said, 


THE    FRIEND. 


387 


'They  want  you  to  go  on  shore  and  have 
something  to  eat ;"  and  then  added  in  a  whis- 
per, "Don't  go;  tbey  will  bill  you."  Know- 
ing there  was  no  time  to  be  lost,  Powell  says, 
"I  told  him  to  jump  in  and  paddle  as  fast  as 
be  could.  No  s'ooner  did  tho  others  see  that 
we  were  escaping,  than  ten  canoes  started  in 
pursuit.  On  we  went,  Taking's  men  doing 
their  utmost;  but  in  spite  of  all  their  exer- 
tions, it  became  evident  in  about  half  an  hour 
they  were  gaining  upon  us.  Every  now  and 
then  a  man  in  one  or  other  of  the  pursuing 
canoes  would  stand  up,  and  then  either  a  spear 
or  a  stone  would  come  with  whir  or  splash  close 
alongside  of  us.  I  raised  the  revolver,  when 
Talong  called  out,  'Mr.  Powell,  Mr.  Powell, 
a  big  boat,  look  !'  Just  as  I  turned  my  head 
to  look  a  stone  passed  within  a  few  inches  of 
me,  and  struck  the  man  behind  me  in  the 
back,  knocking  him  over  into  the  bottom  of 
the  canoe,  where  he  lay  apparently  badly 
hurt.  •  Most  providential  then  was  the  ap 
pearance  of  the  boat  upon  the  scene, 
pursuers  very  soon  cau 


©ni- 
ght sight  of  it  also 
and  made  off  as  fast  as  they  had  come.' 
It  proved  to  be  a  trading  vessel,  which  had 
come  further  in  that  direction  than  ever  be 
fore.  They  at  once  made  sail  after  the  re- 
treating canoes;  but  on  reaching  the  main 
land,  they  found  only  empty  boxes,  the  natives 
having  carried  off  everything  with  them,  so 
that  very  little  was  left  of  the  collections  that 
had  been  made  during  the  cruise.  Yet  grati 
tude  was  felt  that  his  life  bad  been  so  remark 
ably  preserved.  _  J.  W. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Origin  of  Westtown  School. 

(Continued  from  page  380.) 

A  century  has  passed  since  a  few  Friends, 
more  enlightened  than  their  fellows,  and  con- 
cerned for  the  religious  welfare  of  the  youth, 
made  a  beginning  at  Nottingham.  Chester 
Co.,  Pa.,  of  that  which  has  resulted  in  the 
Westtown  School  of  the  present  day. 

The  first  Friends  who  appear  as  moving 
spirits  in  this  most  worthy  enterprise,  were 
George  Churchman  and  Jacob  Lindley.  The 
first  named  was  a  son  of  the  able  and  faithful 
minister  of  Christ,  John  Churchman,  of  East 
Nottingham,  Pa.,  a  distinguished  advocate 
of  the  Truth  for  forty-two  years.  George 
Churchman  also  became  a  minister,  and  visited 
Friends  in  Great  Britain.  He  was  an  inti 
mate  friend  of  Warner  Mifflin,  of  Delaware, 
and  wrote  a  testimony  concerning  this  active 
advocate  of  anti-slavery  by  means  more  Chris 
tian  and  consistent  with  good  citizenship 
than  those  practised  and  encouraged  by  abo- 
litionists of  the  Garrison  school.* 

Jacob  Lindley,  the  associate  with  George 
Churchman,  was,  a  powerful  minister  of  the 
Gospel,  and  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  rights 
of  humanity.  He  was  affable  in  manners, 
excitable  in  feeling  and  energetic  in  action. 
He  had  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  wonders 

*  George  Churchman  was  father  of  John  Churchman, 
who  pubfished  at  Philadelphia  a  Variation  Chart  or 
Magnetic  Atlas,  which  attracted  the  attention  of  S 
Joseph  Banks,  President  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Great 
Britain.  This  society  having  induced  Churchman  to 
visit  England,  tendered  him  its  patronage  in  the  furth- 
erance of  the  great  object  of.  his  scientific  pursuit — the 
determination  of  the  cause  of  the  variation  of  the  needle 
of  the  mariner's  compass,  and  of  the  laws  of  that 
tion.  His  Magnetic  Atlas  was  republished  in  1794,  in 
London,  and  he  was  employed  in  Russia  in  making 
observations  during  part  of  1804  and  1805  ;  but  on  re- 
turning home  to  America,  he  died  at  sea  in  7th  month. 
1805,  and  all  his  papers  were  unfortunately  lost. 


of  Nature,  and  in  his  thoughtful  mind  they 
ever  awakened  the  sentiment  of  praise  to 
their  Creator.  He  was  a  vehement  opponent 
of  war,  and  his  friends  in  their  memorial  con- 
cerning him  suggest  that  his  labors  against 
war  "  were  productive  of  salutary  effects." 

These  pioneer  advocates  for  enlarged  at- 
tention to  the  intellectual  training  of  the 
youth  of  the  Society,  it  is  evident  were  large 
minded  men  of  lofty  Christian  spirit,  endowed 
with  generous  zeal  for  progress,  and  for  the 
welfare  of  their  poorer  and  for  their  oppressed 
fellows.  Though  they  had  not  been  favored 
with  liberal  academic  culture,  they  had  been 
self-taught  in  tbe  simple  learning  of  their  day, 
and  had  graduated  in  the  school  of  Christ.* 

It  is  amusing  to  us  of  this  day,  to  observe 
the  innocent  caution  with  which  these  pio- 
neers moved  in  the  prosecution  of  their  con- 
cern. They  were  evidently  groping  in  un- 
tried places,  and  remind  us  of  blind  men  feel- 
ing their  way  with  their  canes,  through  the 
unfamiliar  streets  of  a  city.  Their  sim 
cautious  steppings  arc  worthy  of  our  retr 


About  the  year  1762,  deeper  impressions 
began  to  be  made  upon  the  minds  of  Friends 
in  relation  to  tbe  necessity  for  providing 
schools  for  the  poor  and  for  tbe  children  un- 
favorably located  in  the  country.  Between 
this  date  and  1765,  some  proposals  in  writing 
were  essayed,  doubtless  by  tbe  pioneers  above 
named,  and  the  contents  of  this  essay  were 
communicated  to  divers  Friends,  and  "tbe 
motion  was  approved  and  thought  well  to  be 
kept  in  view."  *  *  "A  distant  prospect 
appeared  at  that  time  that  perhaps  a  school 
for  orphans  and  others  of  the  poorer  sort 
might  come  to  be  founded  and  settled  — - 
the  care  of  Friend 
an  i 


der 

nd  there  was 


tion.  From  the  subscription  paper  we  ex- 
tract the  following  items,  setting  forth  the 
views  of  the  promoters  of  the  plan  :  The  farm 
must  be  located  in  some  healthy  neighbor- 
hood in  Pennsylvania,  about  twenty  or  thirty 
Philadelphia,  near  some  meeting- 
house of  Friends.  As  pupils,  the  sons  of 
Friends  only  should  be  admitted,  and  their 
number,  it  was  thought  best  at  the  first, 
should  not  exceed  thirty.  The  farm,  wbich 
must  have  a  suitable  quantity  of  meadow- 
land  to  furnish  pasture  for  a  large  number  of 
cows,  was  to  be  rented  to  some  reputable 
family  of  Friends,  who  should  '  supply  the 
master  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  milk  and 
butter  for  the  breakfast  and  supper  of  the 
boys.'  Tbe  use  of  tho  buildings  was  to  be 
allowed  to  the  master  free  of  rent,  or  at  a  very 
moderate  charge.  The  pupils  were  to  be 
taught  'reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  naviga- 
tion, surveying  and  gauging,  and  such  other 
learning  as  is  usually  taught,  and  the  parents 
may  direct ;  and  likewise  the  Latin,  Greek  and 
French  languages.'  For  instruction,  '  wash- 
ing, lodging,  diet  and  mending  the  clothes  of 
the  boys,'  the  master  was  to  charge  '  at  the 
rate  of£20  a  year,  or  £i  at  their  entrance  for 
buying  towels,  sheets,  table-cloths,  &c.,  which 
must  be  left,  upon  tbe  children's  leaving  the 
school.  Each  boy  should  pay  for  half  a 
tnattrass,  bedstead  and  bedding,  which  may 
be  sold  to  the  parents  of  the  succeeding 
scholars.' 

"  The  contributors  were  to  elect  four  or  six 
of  their  number,  and  also  two  suitable  Friends 
residing  in  the  neighborhood,  even  if  not  con- 
tributors, whose  duty  it  should  be  '  to  assist 
and  encourage  the  master,  and  to  inspect  his 
conduct  and  the  children's,  and  to  observe 
that  they  regularly  attend  meetings  and  be- 


nff  engagement  of  mind  not  to  let  j  have  with  decency  at  all  times.'  A  share  was 
the  subject  of  education  for  the  offspring  of,  to  be  £20  :  but  tbe  stockholders  were  not  pnv- 
such  drop  out  of  sight,  as  it  might  produce1  ileged  to  sell  except  to  members  of  the  Society 


extensive  benefit  to  the  country,  and  assist 
ance  to  many." 

One  of  the  attempts  to  establish  a  school 
for  the  country  boys,  but  which  was  not  ade- 
quately encouraged,  was  that  described  by 
the  author  of  a""  Sketch  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
from  1764  to  1782,"  who  informs  us  that — 

"The  proper  literary  education  of  the  ehil 
dren  of  Friends  engage  the  attention  of  many 
and  various  plans  had  been  proposed  to  en 
sure  them  more  thorough  instruction  under 
religiously  qualified  teachers.  In  this  year 
[1769]  a'mimber  of  Friends  determined  to 
try  if  they  could  not  raise  a  fund  sufficient  to 
purchase 'a  farm,  and  erect  the  necessary  build- 
ings to  accommodate  a  school  for  boys.  The 
subscribers  were  as  stockholders  to  hold  the 
property,  whilst  the  teacher  should  receive 
the  pay  from  the  scholars  as  his  compensa- 

*  A  writer  over  the  initials  "  H.  G.,"  in  "Tbe 
Friend,"  Vol.  III.,  p.  357,  asserts  that  "the  plan  of 
c-tablishing  a  boarding  school  at  Westtown  for  Friends' 
children,  originated  in  a  concern  of  William  Savery," 
and  adds,  "such  was  the  lively  interest  felt  in  the  sub- 
ject, that  large  pecuniary  sacrifies  were  cheerfully  made 
'by  many  individuals,  in  order  to  carry  the  concern  into 
effect,  and  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  Institution." 
George  Churchman  wrote  to  Owen  Biddle,  under  date 
of  21st  of  8th  mo.  1789:  "  William  Savery  was  at  our 
Quarterly  Meeting,  and  appeared  hearty  in  desiring  to 
promote  the  concern  for  a  general  school ;  it  may  not 
be  improper  to  advise  with  him  touching  thy  essay." 
From  the  notices  of  the  origin  and  growth  of  the  con 
cern,  he  does  not  appear  to  have  been  so  actively  en 
gaged  as  to  deserve  to  receive  the  credit  of  having  been 
an  originator  or  projector. 


of  Friends.  These  agreements  were  signed 
Twelfth  month  28th,  1769,  by  Israel  Pernber- 
ton,  John  Eeynell,  Isaac  Greenlcaf,  Henry 
Drinker,  John  Pemberton  and  nine  others. 
The  names  of  twenty  others  were  added  sub- 
sequentlyT. 

"  A  lthough  this  attempt  was  premature,  and 
therefore  failed  to  be  carried  into  execution, 
yet  tbe  idea  of  a  boarding  school  for  Friends 
located  in  the  country,  never  ceased  to  find 
advocates  and  earnest  supporters,  until  the 
Yearly  Meeting  became  so  convinced  of  the 
good  effect  likely  to  result  therefrom  as  to 
establish  Westtown." 

The  concern  having  rested  on  tbe  minds  of 
many  Friends  with  increasing  weight  for 
twenty  years,  in  the  Third  month  of  1787,  a 
meeting  of  those  interested  in  the  subject  was 
called  'in  the  Fourth  St.  Meeting-bouse,  to 
consider  a  plan  for  the  organization  of  an  in- 
stitution. Of  these  George  Churchman  was 
one  present  who,  in  writing  to  his  friend 
Henry  Drinker,  remarks:  "  I  find  several  of 
our  city  Friends  a  good  deal  dipped  into  it, 
as  well  as  divers  from  the  country."  It  was 
then  proposed  to  have  the  essayed  plan,  before 
referred  to,  somewhat  new-modeled  and  pre- 
pared for  a  further  weighty  consideration 
at  another  meeting.  The  school  was  to  be 
planned  on  a  more  effective  scale.  Dr.  Frank- 
lin sent  the  committee  revising  the  scheme, 
some  wise  hints  and  observations  respecting 
the  mode  of  managing  such  an  affair,  which 
were  worthy  of  attention,  accompanied  by  a 
pamphlet  in  French,  describing  the  order  and 


358 


THE    FRIEND. 


arrangement  of  a  seminary  of  the  same  kind 
actually  existing  at  Amsterdam.  This  pampl 
let  John  Biddle  engaged  to  translate  in  time 
for  the  spring  meeting. 

The  advice  of  Dr.  Franklin  was  doubtless 
of  value,  while  his  encouragement  served  as 
a  stimulus  to  their  lagging  movements.  He 
had  apparently  outlived  his  antagonism  tc 
Friends,  having  now  reached  his  81st  year 
He  who  "ranks  with  the  Galileos  and  New 
tons  of  the  old  world,"  and  "  to  whose  mighty 
genius  antiquity  would  have  erected  altars,' 
"  never  lost  sight  of  common  sense  in  any  of 
his  speculations," — thought  nothing  promis- 
ing to  benefit  humanity  unworthy  of  his  at- 
tention, and  gave  his  advice  even  as  to  the 
best  construction  and  conduct  of  a  feeble 
charity  school  to  be  erected  by  those  whose 
enemy  he  had  been  during  his  long  politica 
course  in  Pennsylvania,  and  whom  he  hac 
often  unjustly  maligned. 

George  Churchman  and  Jacob  Lindley 
who  had  been  appointed  a  committee  "to  in 
spect  into  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  concern 
of  educating  poor  children,"  presented  their 
report  to  the  Quarterly  Meeting  then  known 
as  the  Western,  in  the  11th  month  of  17"" 
and  stated  that  "although  those  who  were 
then  from  some  apprehensions  of  duty  en 
gaged  on  this  account  felt  themselves  feebl* 
as  to  ability  for  putting  forward  such  an  im 
portant  establishment  *  *  *  they  were  not 
without  hopes  that  some  way  would  open  for 
the  progress  of  what  they  had  in  view." 

The  earliest  named  contribution  to  the 
funds  necessary  for  starting  the  wheel,  was 
bequeathed  by  Edward  Thomas,  a  single  man 
and  a  schoolmaster,  whose  small  legacy  was 
left  in  the  hands  of  his  executors,  George 
Churchman  and  John  Millhouse,  in  the  yeai 
176G.  This,  say  the  committee  before  named 
"occasioned  the  weight  of  the  concern  to  in- 
crease where  it  had  been  considerable  before; 
and  in  the  same  year  some  solid  conferences 
were  had  in  company  with  Benjamin  Hough, 
Jonathan  Zane,  Israel  Pemberton,  David  Fer 
ris  and  divers  other  Friends,  wherein  the 
propriety  of  endeavoring  to  take  up  or  secure 
some  vacant  lands  in  Pennsylvania  was  con 
sidered,  and  the  proposal  approved,  with  s 
view  thereby  to  increase  a  fund  for  the  afore 
said  charitable  purpose.  And  as  one  of  the 
Friends  concerned  bad  knowledge  of  some 
such  lands,  a  procedure  was  made  that  way 
at  private  cost,  and  surveys  and  returns  were 
obtained  on  divers  tracts  of  rough  lands  in 
1766,  1767  and  1763."         *         *         * 

"Our  friend  Jonathan  Zane,  requesting  a 
copy  of  that  essay  [before  referred  to]  was 
furnished  therewith  ;  and  appearing  to  have 
a  lively,  animating  prospect  of  the  future 
benefits  which  such  an  institution,  under  the 
Divine  blessing,  and  with  suitable  regula- 
tions, might  produce  in  the  country  in  time 
to  come,  mado  provision  by  his  will  that  a 
handsome  legacy  should  be  paid  after  the  de- 
cease of  his  widow. 

"Aaron  Ashbridge,  who  some  years  before 
bad  expressed  his  concurrence  with  the  con- 
cern," devised  by  will,  in  1776,  "a  legacy  of 
three  hundred  pounds  for  the  encouragement 
of  the  schooling  of  poor  children,  to  be  under 
the  care  of  the  Yearly  Meeting." 

"  This  concern,  together  with  the  essay  and 
proposals  for  such  school,  were  in  the  year 
1768,  or  near  that  time,  communicated  to'  our 
friend  John  Woolman  and  others;  and  he  in 
particular,  after  weighing  the  matter,  mani- 


fested  his  concurrence  in  writing,  with  some 
observations  which  he  made  thereon." 


(Tol 


OLD  AGE. 
The  golden  grain,  how  beautiful 

Waiting  the  reaper's  hand  ! 
Bowed  it  may  he,  yet  is  it  not 

The  glory  of  the  land  ? 

Just  so  do  aged  Christians  wait 
With  locks  all  silvery  white, 

Shining  as  if  a  ray  from  heaven 
Had  touched  their  brow  with  light! 

Old  age;  I  love  thee,  thou  hast  been 

A  loving  friend  to  me ; 
Dear  are  thy  trembling  tones  and  sweet 

Thy  kindly  sympathy. 

I  love  the  gently  beaming  eye, 

The  smile  so  full  of  love. 
As  if  it  heavenly  converse  held 

With  holy  ones  above. 

I  love  to  press  the  trembling  hand 

And  hold  it  in  my  own, 
And  think  perhaps  a  prayer  went  up 

For  me  before  the  throne. 

Yes,  age  looks  beautiful  when  lit 
With  beams  of  grace  divine, 

And  oft  from  out  its  frail  disguise 
An  angel  seems  to  shine. 

Thus  did  my  own  sweet  mother  wait, 

Ere  yet  she  took  her  flight; 
An  angel  trembling  on  the  brink 

Of  life,  and  love,  and  light. 

If,  beautiful  in  holiness, 

Thou  shinedst  even  here, 
How  dost  thou  in  the  light  of  heaven 

All  glorious  appear! 


Selected. 

LINES 

BY   WILLIAM   CULLEN   BRYANT. 
The  breath  of  Spring-time,  at  this  twilight  hour, 

Comes  through  the  gathering  glooms, 
And  bears  the  stolen  sweets  of  many  a  flower 

Into  my  silent  rooms. 

Where  hast  thou  wandered,  gentle  gale,  to  find 

'Ihe  perfumes  thou  dost  bring? 
By  brooks,  that  through  the  wakening  meadows  wind, 

Or  brink  of  rushy  spring? 

Or  woodside,  where,  in  little  companies, 

The  early  wild-flowers  rise? 
Or  sheltered  lawn,  where,  'mid  encircling  trees, 

May's  warmest  sunshine  lies  ? 

Now  sleeps  the  humming-bird,  that  in  the  sun 

Wandered  from  bloom  to  bloom ; 
Now,  too,  the  weary  bee,  his  day's  work  done, 

Rests  in  his  waxen  room. 

Now  every  hovering  insect  to  his  place 

Beneath  the  leaves  hath  flown  ; 
And,  through  the  long  night-hours,  the  flowery  race 

Are  left  to  thee  alone. 

O'er  the  pale  blossoms  of  the  sassafras, 

And  o'er  the  spice-bush  spray, 
Among  the  opening  buds,  thy  breathings  pass, 

And  come  embalmed  away. 

Yet  there  is  sadness  in  thy  soft  caress, 

Wind  of  the  blooming  year  ! 
The  gentle  presence,  that  was  wont  to  bless 

Thy  coming,  is  not  here. 

Go,  then  ;  and  yet  I  bid  thee  not  repair, 

Thy  gathered  sweets  to  shed, 
Where  pine  and  willow,  in  the  evening  air, 

Sigh  o'er  the  buried  dead. 

Pass  on  to  homes  where  cheerful  voices  sound, 

And  cheerful  looks  are  cast, 
And  where  thou  wakest,  in  thine  airy  round, 

No  sorrow  of  the  past. 

And  whisper,  everywhere,  that  earth  renews 
Her  beautiful  array, 

nid  the  darkness  and  the  gathering  dews, 
For  the  return  of  dav. 


Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

We  may  zealously  advocate  a  good  cause! 
in  a  wrong  spirit,  and  too  much  in  our  own 
self-will  and  from  the  strength  of  man,  without  I 
waiting  to  be  endued  with  power  from  on 
high.  But  if  we  want  to  work  for  our  Re- 
deemer, we  must  be  prompted  to  it  by  his 
Spirit  and  have  his  felt  presence  to  lead  usjj 
and  if  so,  we  need  fear  no  harm.  But  if  wo^ 
work  without  the  Spirit,  we  can  never  ad-i 
vance  his  cause;  we  may  while  watching  for! 
the  welfare  of  our  Zion,  and  longing  for  i taJ 
prosperity,  and  that  it  may  make  a  fair  show 
in  the  world,  become  too  careless  of  our  own' 
growth  in  grace;  and  if  we  become  indiffer- 
ent and  drowsy  as  to  our  own  spiritual  wel- 
fare, the  unwearied  enemj'  will  soon  take  ad- 
vantage of  this  sleepy  condition  and  sow  his< 
tares,  so  as  to  choke  the  good  seed  and  render' 
it  unfruitful.  So  there  is  danger  in  our  work- 
ing, if  we  work  not  from  the  right- spirit, 
and  hence  work  not  the  works  of  God  ;  but 
seek  our  own  glory.  And  there  is  danger  in 
not  working,  if  we,  by  our  idleness,  beeomoi 
careless  of  the  welfare  of  Zion  and  of  our  own') 
salvation  also  ;  but  if  we  go  forth  under  the 
promptings  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  bearing  pre- 
cious seed  and  clothed  with  the  preparation 
of  the  gospel  of  peace,  keeping  the  spirit  of 
Emmanuel,  which  is  God  with  us,  then  our 
labor  will  be  helpful  to  the  building  up  of  the 
church  and  ourselves  in  the  most  holy  faith. 

But  let  us  take  warning  from  what  Paul 
says  of  Israel  of  old.  We  also  may  have  a 
zeal  for  God,  but  not  enough  according  to  an 
inward  and  experimental  knowledge  of  Him. 
And  thus  we  may  be  too  ignorant  of  God's 
righteousness,  and  too  much  inclined  to  es- 
tablish our  own  righteousness  without  suffici- 
ently submitting  ourselves  to  the  humbling 
righteousness  of  God.  But  carnal  professors, 
who  have  not  had  their  eyes  sufficiently  opened 
to  see  things  as  they  are  may  flatter  us,  and 
make  us  think  that  we  are  casting  out  devils 
in  the  name  of  Christ  and  in  his  name  doing 
many  wonderful  works,  while  perhaps  He  has 
never  known  us  in  these  works;  but  will 
finally  turn  us  off  as  workers  of  iniquity. 
When  will  we  learn  that  it  is  not  by  the  power 
of  man,  but  by  the  assisting  spirit  of  God  that 
the  work  of  grace  is  done? 

Yet  we  know  that  God  often  works  by  in- 
strumental means.  Our  Saviour  used  them  in 
opening  the  eyes  of  the  blind  man.  The 
means  which  he  then  used  was  clay  made  of 
spittle,  a  mixture  of  earth  and  that  which  pro- 
ceeded from  Him.  So,  in  opening  the  eyes  of 
those  who  are  spiritually  blind  He  still  uses  at 
timesa  mixture, as  we  might  say,  of  the  human 
and  the  divine;  the  earthly  or  human  instru- 
ment being  prepared  by  Christ  himself,  and 
not  by  man.  But  when  our  spiritual  eyes, are 
thus  opened  and  when  we  are  endued  with 
power  from  on  high,  and  sent  forth  in  that 
ability  which  God  alone  giveth,  we  must  re- 
member that  we  have  this  gospel  treasure  in 
an  earthen  vessel,  that  the  excellency  of  tho 
power  may  be  of  God  and  not  of  us. 

And  we  may  also  remember  that  when 
the  blind  man  had  his  eyes  anointed,  ho  had 
something  still  to  do  himself.  But  it  was  at 
the  command  of  Christ.  He  had  to  go  to  tho 
pool  of  Siloam  and  wash.  He  had  to  cleanse 
himself  from  the  filth  of  the  earth,  and  then 
he  came  forth  seeing.  Christ  is  still  willing 
to  do  his  part ;  and  wo  must  at  his  command 
lo  our  part.     The  human  and  the  divine  were 


THE    FRIEND. 


189 


ysteriously  blended  together  in  our  Saviour ; 
rid  so  they  are  mysteriously  blended  in  us. 
ut  they  must  work  together  in  harmony 
efore  we  are  redeemed  from  all  iniquity  ;  and 
ived  by  Him  with  an  everlasting  salvation. 
The  Lord  says  through  the  Prophet,  "  Wash 
ou,  make  you  clean  ;  put  away  the  evil  of 
our  doings  from  before  mine  eyes,  cease  to 
o  evil,  learn  to  do  well."  He  would  not  tell 
3  to  do  this  without  giving  us  the  ability  to 
o  it.  How  can  we  expect  that  He  will  give 
a  more  grace  until  we  use  that  which  we 
ave  ?  So,  if  we  desire  greater  outpourings 
f  the  Holy  Spirit,  let  us  first  use  what  we 
re  already  entrusted  with.  We  must  first  be 
jthful  in  a  i'ew  things  before  we  are  made 
ilers  over  more;  and  we  must  remember 
iat  God  resinteth  the  proud  and  giveth  grace 
i the  humble;  and  that  his  grace  is  sufficient 
r  us  if  we  use  it.  He  does  his  part  and  we 
ust  do  ours.  He  works  in  us  both  to  will 
nd  to  do  of  his  own  good  pleasure.  But  we 
mst  carry  out  the  work  that  He  wills  us  to 
o;  and  in  proportion  as  we  work  under  his 
adership,  so  the  blessing  will  be.  And  thus 
is  by  grace  we  are  saved,  through  faith  in 
is  assisting  power,  and  not  of  ourselves,  lest 
ny  man  should  boast  of  his  own  ability.  And 
Kcept  the  Lord  assist  in  building  up  the 
roken  walls  of  our  Zion,  they  labor  in  vain 
iat  make  the  attempt.  "Except  the  Lord 
eep  the  city,  the  watchman  waketh  but  in 
lin."  L>.  H. 

Dublin,  Ind.,  6th  mo.  23rd,  1884. 

Ruins  of  Baalbec. — Everything  is  colossal. 
he  area  is  larger  than  that  of  the  temple  at 
ernsalem.  We  may  begin  with  the  walls, 
hich  are  half  a  mile  around,  and  of  such 
jight  and  depth  as  are  rarely  attained  in 
ie  most  tremendous  fortress.  When  from 
itbin  I  climbed  to  the  top,  it  made  me  giddy 
3  look  over  the  perilous  edge  to  the  great 
epth  below ;  and  when  from  without  the 
alls  I  looked  up  at  tbem,  they  rose  high 

air.  Some  of  the  stones  seem  as  if  they 
mst  have  been  reared  in  place  by  the  Titans 
hemselves.  There  are  nine  stones  thirty 
?t  long  and  ten  feet  thick,  which  is  larger 


hundreds  to  a  single  roller,  with  the  task- 
masters standing  over  them,  lash  in  hand, 
which  was  freely  applied  to  make  them  pull 
together,  and  the  king  sitting  on  high  to  give 
the  signal  for  this  putting  forth  of  human 
strength  en  masse,  as  if  an  army  were  moving 
to  battle.  A  battle  it  was  in  the  waste  of 
human  life  which  it  caused.  These  temples 
of  Baalbec  must  have  been  a  whole  genera- 
tion in  building,  and  have  consumed  the  popu- 
lation of  a  province,  and  the  wealth  of  an 
empire. — H.  M.  Field  in  Evangelist. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

A  Botanical  Walk. 

In  company  with  a  botanical  friend  I  again 
visited  the  swamp  and  field  described  in  "The 
Friend,"  about  two  months  ago. 

As  we  walked  along  the  road  leading  to- 
wards them,  we  noticed  bjT  the  roadside  some 
plants  of  the  common  Silk-weed  (Asclepias 
Cornuti),  so  named  from  the  long  silky  fibres 
attached  to  the  seed,  which  are  enclosed  in 
a  somewhat  lengthened  pod  swelled  in  the 
centre.  It  also  bears  the  name  of  Milk-weed, 
from  the  white  milky  juice  which  exudes 
when  a  leaf  or  stem  is  broken.  This  plant 
appears  to  possess  great  attractions  for  cer- 
tain kinds  of  insects,  particularly  for  a  beau- 
tiful red  beetle  marked  with  black  spots, 
which  frequents  it,  and  which  is  rarely  to  be 
found  elsewhere. 

Another  part  of  the  road  was  lined  for  some 
distance  with  an  abundant  growth  of  another 
milky-juiced  plant,  which  was  then  in  bloom. 
It  was  the  Dog-bane  (Apocynum  androscemi- 
folium.)  It  also  has  a  peculiar  insect  which 
feeds  upon  it — a  small  beetle,  whose  brilliant 
and  changeable  colors,  in  which  ruby  and 
green  predominate,  can  scarcely  be  excelled 
by  any  of  its  tropical  brethren.  It  was  new 
to  my  companion,  whose  exclamations  of  de- 
light at  the  brilliance  and  beauty  of  the 
insects  were  fully  justified  by  their  glowing 
hues. 

After  leaving  the  road  wo  passed  through 
a  piece  of  low-lying  grass-land,  where  the 
attention  was  arrested  by  the  clumps  of  the 
Rough  Cone-flower  (Rudbeckia  hirta).     They 


ban  the  foundation  stone  of  the  temple  at  were  about  two  feet  in    height  with   larg 


erusalem,  dating  from  the  time  of  Solomon, 
r  any  blocks  in  the  great  pyramid.  But 
ven  these  are  pigmies  compared  with  the 
aree  giants  of  the  western  wall — sixty-two. 
xty-three  and  a  half,  and  sixty-four  feet 
mg  ! 

These  are  said  to  be  the  largest  stones 
ver  used  in  any  construction.  They  weigh 
undreds  of  tons,  and  instead  of  being  merely 
ewn  out  of  a  quarry,  which  might  have 
feen  on  the  site,  and  left  to  lie  where  they 
ere  before,  they  have  been  lifted  nineteen 
et  from  the  ground,  and  there  imbedded  in 
ae  wall !  Never  was  there  such  Cyclopean 
rchitecture.  How  such  enormous  masses 
ould  be  moved  is  a  problem  with  modern 
ngineers.  Sir  Charles  Wilson,  whom  I  met 
l  Jerusalem,  is  at  this  moment  in  Baalbec. 
tandhig  in  the  grounds  of  the  temple,  he  tells 
ie  that  in  the  British  Museum  there  is  an 
ncient  tablet  which  reveals  the  way  in  which 
jch  stones  were  moved.  The  mechanics 
ere  very  simple.  Hollers  were  put  under 
aem,  and  the}'  were  drawn  up  inclined  planes 
y  sheer  human  muscle — the  united  strength 
f  great  numbers  of  men.  In  the  rude  design 
n  the  tablet  the  whole  scene  is  pictured  to 
eye.     There  are  the  batallions  of  men, 


flowers.  The  central  florets  were  of  a  very 
dark  purple  hue,  forming  a  somewhat  conical 
mass,  in  shape  and  size  like  the  half  of  a  good 
sized  plum  ;  whose  color  prettily  contrasted 
with  the  large  bright  yellow  rays  which  sur- 
rounded them.  The  leaves  and  stem  were 
very  rough  to  the  touch. 

In  a  piece  of  woodland  adjoining  the  swamp, 
we  met  with  the  Black  Alder  (Prinos  verti- 
cillata),  a  shrub  with  dense  clusters  of  small 
white  flowers  scattered  over  the  branches  at 
the  base  of  the  leaves.  The  plant  is  valued 
for  its  medicinal  properties.  The  flowers  are 
succeeded  by  small  berries  of  a  brilliant  red 
color,  remaining  on  the  bushes  till  the  ap- 
proach of  winter,  and  presenting  a  beautiful 
appearance  later  in  the  autumn. 

In  the  neighboring  field  were  two  other 
species  of  Milk-weed,  (Asclepias),  both  with 
large  clusters  of  flowers,  but  neither  of  them 
growing  so  coarse  and  rank  as  the  A.  Cornuti. 
One  of  these  was  the  Red  Milk-weed,  (A. rubra), 
in  which  the  flowers  were  a  purple-red,  very 
different  from  the  pale  pink  bloom  of  the 
common  Milk-weed,  and  having  also  much 
narrower  leaves.  The  other  was  the  brilliant 
Butterfly-weed  (A.  iuberosa,)  a  low-growing 
species,  with  branching  stems  terminating  in  a 


profuse  mass  of  bright  orange-colored  flowers. 
The  clusters  of  this  showy  plant  scattered 
over  the  sandy  field,  were  conspicuous  and 
attractive. 

Yet  to  the  botanical  eye  their  charms  were 
eclipsed  by  a  plain  green  plant  with  greenish- 
white  flowers,  belonging  to  the  Orchis  family 
(so  attractive  to  botanists),  the  Habenaria 
lactra.  It  is  not  an  abundant  plant,  and  so 
modestly  conceals  itself  amid  the  grasses, 
sedges  and  other  plants  of  the  damp  grounds 
it  inhabits,  that  it  has  not  been  sufficiently 
noted  by  the  untrained  eye  as  to  have  re- 
ceived a  common  name ;  but  its  botanical 
name  may  be  rendered  into  English  as  The 
Ragged-fringed  Orchis.  This  is  an  appro- 
priate appellation,  for  a  part  of  each  flower 
is  divided  into  a  long  thread-like  fringe.  Some 
species  of  this  genus  are  very  beautiful.  One 
has  conspicuous  flowers  of  a  pure  white,  and 
another  presents  a  spike  of  bright  orange 
[blossoms,  and  others  have  bloom  of  pink  and 
purple  shade.  The  sight  of  this  plain  and 
modest  species  brought  freshly  to  my  mind 
the  youthful  eagerness  with  which  I  plunged 
into  swamps  fifty  years  ago  to  gather  some 
of  its  beautiful  kindred  in  the  classic  grounds 
[of  Westtown.  It  is  not  without  a  shade  of 
regret,  that  I  reflect  that  the  axe,  underd rains 
and  plough  have  desecrated  the  choice  locality  ; 
and  that  corn  and  grass  have  usurped  the  place 
!  of  the  native  in  habitants  of  the  wooded  swamp. 

Climbing  over  the  bushes  were  some  slender 
vines,  with  rather  delicate  heart-shaped  leaves, 
'and  numerous  branches  twining  about  the 
stems.  They  were  very  pretty.  Some  of 
them  bad  clusters  of  small  staminate  flowers 
of  a  greenish-yellow  color ;  and  others  had 
pistillate  flowers  somewhat  triangular  in 
shape  ;  which  as  the  fruit  developed  retained 
the  same  form,  but  greatly  increased  in  size. 
They  all  belonged  to  the  same  species,  Wild 
i Yam  Vine,  (Dioscorea  villosa).  In  this  the 
male  and  female  flowers  are  found  on  different 
'plants,  so  that  it  is  what  botanists  call  dioecious, 
that  is,  living  in  two  houses. 
|  Another  interesting  plant,  which  also  "lives 
in  two  houses,"  was  growing  near  by.  It 
| was  one  of  that  division  of  the  Green  Briar 
family  which  is  destitute  of  prickles,  and  in 
which  the  flowers  have  an  odor  similar  to 
carrion.  The  pistillate  flowers  (for  such  was 
the  specimen  we  found)  are  green  in  color, 
and  clustered  into  a  compact  ball,  like  those 
'of  the  wax-plant,  which  is  a  common  in-door 
favorite.  The  species  we  found  lives  in  the 
'pine-barrens  of  New  Jersey  and  more  southern 
'countries,  and  is  called  Smilax  tamnifolia. 
j  It  would  be  tedious  to  go  over  in  detail  all 
the  results  of  our  excursion,  amounting  to 
more  than  30  species,  without  including  ferns 
and  sedges.  But  there  was  one  beautiful  blue 
flower,  the  Entire-leaved  Scullcap  (Scutellaria 
\integrifolia)  which  deserves  especial  mention. 
The  flowers  are  about  an  inch  in  length,  and 
the  corolla  two-lipped  like  the  rest  of  the 
Mint  family  to  which  it  belongs.  So  abundant 
was  the  plant  in  some  parts  of  the  low,  swampy 
ground,  that  it  presented  masses  of  blue  color 
that  were  very  charming  to  the  eye. 

Quite  in  contrast  with  this  was  a  slender 
stem,  rising  to  a  height  of  two  feet  from  a 
cluster  of  flat  green  leaves  and  terminating 
in  a  spike  of  white  tubular  flowers,  which 
had  a  roughened  appearance.  This  plant  is 
intensely  bitter,  and  may  have  been  thought 
useful  in  domestic  medicine,  from  the  name 
Colic-root  which   has  been  given  it.      It  is 


390 


THE    FRIEND. 


also  known  as  Star-grass.  The  botanical 
name  is  Aletris  farinosa.  Aletris  is  the  Greek 
word  for  a  female  slave  who  grinds  corn,  and 
the  name  was  given,  from  the  apparent  meali- 
ness dusted  over  the  flowers. 

__^__  J.  W. 

The  Little  Stranger. 

When  Doctor  Byron  was  one  day  passing 
into  the  house,  he  was  accosted  by  a  very 
little  boy,  who  asked  him  if  he  wanted  any 
sauce,  meaning  vegetables.  The  doctor  in- 
quired if  such  a  little  thing  was  a  market 
man.  "No,  sir;  my  father  is,"  was  the  prompt 
answer.  The  doctor  said,  "  Bring  me  some 
squashes,"  and  paid  him  the  money.  In  a 
few  moments  the  child  returned  with  the 
change.  The  doctor  told  him  he  was  wel- 
come to  it,  but  the  child  would  not  keep  it, 
saying  his  father  would  blame  him.  Such 
singular  manners  in  a  child  attracted  his 
attention,  and  he  began  to  examine  the  child 
attentively.  He  was  evidently  poor;  for 
his  jacket  was  patched  with  almost  every 
kind  of  cloth,  and  his  trowsers  darned  with  so 
many  colors  it  was  difficult  to  tell  the  original 
fabric,  but  very  neat  and  clean  withal.  The 
boy  quietfy  endured  the  scrutiny  of  the  doc- 
tor while  examining  his  face.  At  length  he 
said,  "  You  seem  a  nice  little  boy  ;  won't  you 
come  and  live  with  me,  and  be  a  doctor?" 

'■Yes,  sir,"  said  the  child. 

"Spoken  like  a  man,"  said  the  doctor,  dis- 
missing him. 

A  few  weeks  passed  on,  when  one  A&y  Jim 
came  to  say  there  was  a  little  boy  with  a 
bundle  down  stairs,  waiting  to  see  the  doctor, 
and  would  not  tell  his  business  to  any  one 
else. 

"Send  him  up,"  was  the  answer,  and  in  a 
few  moments  he  recognized  the  boy  who  sold 
him  the  squashes.  He  was  dressed  in  a  new, 
though  coarse,  suit  of  clothes,  his  hair  nicely 
combed,  shining  shoes,  and  a  little  bundle 
under  his  arm.  Deliberately  taking  off  his 
hat,  and  laying  it  down  with  his  bundle,  he 
walked  up  to  the  doctor,  sajing,  "  I  have 
come,  sir." 

"Come  for  what,  my  child  ?" 

"  To  live  with  you,  and  be  a  doctor,"  said 
the  child  with  the  utmost  naivete. 

The  first  impulse  of  the  doctor  was  to  laugh 
immoderately  ;  but  the  imperturbable  gravity 
of  the  little  fellow  rather  sobered  him  as  he 
recalled,  too,  his  former  conversation  ;  and  he 
silently  felt  beneeded  noaddition  to  his  family. 

"  Did  your  father  consent  to  your  coming  ?" 
he  asked. 

"  Yes,  sir." 

"  What  did  he  say?" 

"  I  told  him  you  wanted  me  to  come  and 
live  with  you  and  be  a  doctor,  and  he  said 
you  were  a  very  good  man,  and  I  might  come 
as  soon  as  my  clothes  were  ready." 

"And  your  mother,  what  did  she  sajr  ?"' 

"Shu  said  Doctor  Byron  would  do  what  he 
said  he  would,  and  God  had  provided  for  me. 
And,"  said  he,  "  I  have  on  a  new  suit  of 
clothes,"  surveying  himself,  "and  hero  is  an- 
other in  the  bundle,"  undoing  the  kerchief 
and  displaying  tbem,  with  two  little  shirts 
white  as  snow,  and  a  couple  of  neat  checked 
aprons  so  carefully  folded  it  was  plain  none 
but  a  mother  would  have  done  it.  The  doc- 
tor's sensibilities  were  awakened  to  see  the 
undoubting  trust  with  which  that  poor  couple 
had  bestowed  their  child  upon  him,  and  such 
a  child  !     His  cogitations  were  not  Ions-     He 


thought  of  Moses  in  the  bulrushes,  abandoned 
to  Providence,  and  above  all  he  thought  of 
the  child  that  was  carried  into  Egypt ;  and 
that  divine  Saviour  had  said,  "  Blessed  be 
little  children  ;"  and  he  called  for  his  wife, 
sa3'ing,  "Susan,  dear,  I  think  we  pray  in 
church  that  God  will  have  mercy  upon  all 
j*oung  children." 

"To  be  sure  we  do,"  said  the  wondering 
wife  :  "  and  what  then  ?" 

"  And  the  Saviour  said,  '  Whosoever  re- 
ceiveth  one  such  little  child  in  my  name,  re- 
eeiveth  me.'  Take  this  child  in  his  name, 
and  take  care  of  him." 

From  this  hour  the  good  couple  received 
him  to  their  hearts  and  home.  D  did  not 
then  occur  to  them  that  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent physicians  and  best  men  of  the  age  stood 
before  them  in  the  person  of  that  child,  nor 
that  he  was  destined  to  be  their  staff  and  stay 
in  declining  age, — a  protector  to  their  daugh- 
ter, and  more  than  a  son  to  themselves.  All 
this  was  at  that  time  unrevealed  ;  but  they 
cheerfully  received  the  child  they  believed 
Providence  had  committed  to  their  care,  and 
if  ever  beneficence  was  rewarded,  it  was  in 
this  case. — Parlor  llagazine. 

I  will  frankly  tell  you  that  my  experience 
in  prolonged  scientific  investigations  convin- 
ces me  that  a  belief  in  God — a  God  who  is 
behind  and  within  the  chaos  of  vanishing 
points  of  human  knowledge — adds  a  wonder- 
ful stimulus  to  the  man  who  attempts  to  pen- 
etrate into  the  regions  of  the  unknown.  In 
myself,  I  may  say,  that  I  never  make  the  pre- 
parations for  penetrating  into  some  small  pro- 
vince of  nature  hitherto  undiscovered,  with- 
out breathing  a  prayer  to  the  Being  who  hides 
bis  secrets  from  me  only  to  allure  me  gra- 
ciously on  to  the  unfolding  of  tbem. — Agassiz. 

Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Purification  of  River  Water.— Dr.  Pehl  of 
St.  Petersburg,  has  made  an  examination  of 
the  comparative  purity  of  the  water  of  the 
River  Neva,  and  in  the  conduits  which  sup- 
ply that  city.  The  Neva  water  was  found  to 
be  very  free  from  Bacteria,  only  300  germs  in 
a  cubic  centimetre.  After  heavy  rains  this 
number  rises  to  4500  and  to  6500  during  the 
thawing  of  the  river.  In  the  conduits,  which 
derive  their  water  from  the  Neva,  the  num- 
ber reaches  70,000  per  cubic  centimetre.  This 
difference  is  supposed  largely  to  be  due  to  the 
absence  of  rapid  motion  in  the  water  in  the 
pipes;  for  when  some  of  it  was  taken  and 
subjected  to  rapid  motion  for  an  hour,  by 
means  of  a  centrifugal  machine,  the  number 
of  developinggerms  was  reduced  to  one-tenth. 
The  motion  of  the  water  in  rivers  probably 
tends  to  purify  it. 

Dust,  Smoke  and  Fogs. — The  difference  be- 
tween smoke  and  fog  is  that  the  minute  par- 
ticles of  matter  distributed  through  the  air, 
are  solid  in  smoke  and  liquid  in  fog,  but 
whether  solid  or  fluid,  these  particles  may  be 
classed  under  the  general  name  of  dust,  which 
is  ever  present  in  the  atmosphere.  Cloud  or 
mist  consists  of  little  globules  of  water  sus- 
pended in  the  air. 

To  recognize  the  presence  of  dust  in  the 
air  there  are  two  principal  tests.  One  is  to 
allow  a  beam  of  light  to  enter  a  darkened 
room  through  a  chink,' when  the  illuminated 
dust-particles  in  its  course  will  become  visi- 
ble. If  there  were  no  such  particles  floating 
in  the  air  the  ray  of  light  would   be  invisible 


except  to  an  eye  placed  in  its  course.  Tffl 
other  test  is  to  throw  a  jet  of  steam  into  thi 
air;  the  steam  condenses  round  the  dust-par 
tides  and  forms  the  white  visible  cloud  whicl 
we  call  steam.  If  there  were  no  such  parti 
cles  present,  this  cloud  would  not  form,  bu1 
when  the  air  became  saturated,  the  moistun 
would  condense  into  rain-drops  and  fall. 

It  follows  from  this,  that  if  the  atmosphere 
were  to  become  absolutely  dustless,  neithe) 
mist  nor  cloud  could  form.  These  particlei 
which  reach  to  the  upper  regions  of  the  at 
mosphere  are  excessively  small,  butofgrea|i 
importance. 

Discharges  of  electricity  have  a  very  pow 
erful  influence  in  removing  fog  or  mist,  by  at 
electrifying  those  minute  particles  as  to  causl 
them  to  cling  together  and  then  fall  as  rai^ 
By  filling  bell  jars  with  smokes  of  variout 
kinds,  such  as  the  dense  white  fumes  fbrmoj 
by  burning  magnesium  wire,  or  the  blacl 
smoke  from  burning  turpentine,  and  thei 
electrifying  the  air,  the  smoke  will  be  depos 
ited  in  a  solid  form,  and  the  air  in  the  jar  let; 
clear.  It  has  been  suggested  that  by  a  simi 
lar  experiment  on  a  grand  scale,  the  densi' 
fogs  with  which  the  City  of  London  is  some 
times  afflicted  may  be  precipitated,  and  tbj* 
clearness  of  the  atmosphere  be  restored. 

Ostrich  chickens. — An  ordinary  ostrich  egj< 
is  alleged  to  contain  as  much  meat  as  twenti 
four  hen's  eggs.  In  the  process  of  artificia1 
incubation  the  young  chick  can  be  heard  kick* 
ing  and  tapping  at  its  shell  on  about  the  foi1 
tieth  day.  On  finding  its  way  out  of  tb 
shell,  the  chick  sits  down  on  its  haunches 
and  stares  about  the  earth  and  up  at  the  sky 
as  much  as  to  say,  "  What  does  it  all  mean  1\ 
And  although  it  soon  begins  to  hobble  about 
a  little,  at  least  two  days  must  elapse  befom 
it  gets  any  definite  idea  of  the  connection  o 
things.  On  about  the  third  day  it  seems  tj1 
feel  the  need  of  food.  In  the  course  of  a  fej 
days  the  ostrich  chick  is  quite  as  large  as  al 
ordinary  ben,  but  it  is  infinitely  prettier.  It 
lovely  eyes,  deep,  dark  and  soft;  its  sbapel; 
bill  ;  its  broad  intelligent  crown  and  beauti 
ful  neck,  both  of  a  rich  brown,  elegantly  mol 
tied  ;  and  its  close,  thick  coat  of  brownisl 
yellow  down  hid  on  the  back  and  sides  win 
spangles  of  porcupine-like  quills,  give  it  al' 
unique  appearance  among  chickens.  Th' 
chicks  are  put  together  under  the  care  of 
herd  boy,  and  allowed  to  roam  about  during 
the  day,  and  in  the  evening  are  brought  ir. 
doors  and  put  into  a  box  littered  with  dr; 
straw  and  covered  over  with  a  blanket.  Un 
der  this  operation  the  little  things  whimper 
and  express  their  feelings,  whether  of  grati' 
tude  or  protestation,  with  a  low  piping  trill 
but  they  are  soon  off  to  sleep. 

A  peculiarity  of  young  ostriches,  not  th 
least  interesting  and  amusing,  is  their  wait! 
ing  proclivity.  On  being  let  out  in  the  morr 
ing  the  young  troop  dart  out  one  after  anc 
ther,  then  stopping  suddenly  they  give  them 
selves  a  whirl  about,  and  proceeding  a  fet 
paces,  repeat  the  revolution,  each  time  slight 
iy  ducking  their  heads,  a  gesture  which  give 
a  certain  grotesque  grace  to  the  movemeni 
When  a  troup  are  performing  together,  thei 
movements  are  frequently  synchronous,  an 
their  noddings  in  perfect  time,— a  comics 
caricature  on  the  movements  of  the  huma 
dance.  Sometimes  a  bird  will  make  five  0 
six  gyrations  in  succession,  but  others  on! 
swerve  fantastically  from  side  to  side,  wit 
wings  flaunting  as  they  go,  like  a  rompin 


THE    FRIEND. 


391 


He  suggests  also  that  "  costly  and  splendid  church 
edifices,  fine  music  and  other  concomitants  of  popu- 
lar city  churches,"  may  have  hindered  the  prosperity 
of  the  denomination  ;  and  that  "  worldliness,  luxury, 
and  the  pride,  of  life,"  may  have  injured  its  humility 
and  its  power  for  good. 

— Mormonism  in  Austria. — A  Mormon  missionary 
has  been  sentenced  to  a  month's  imprisonment  by 
the  Austrian  courts. 

—Public  Morals  in  Chicago. — The  managers  of  the 
Driving  Park  have  given  notice  that  during  the 
season  they  will  have  racing  on  the  First-day  of  the 
week.  This  has  aroused  an  indignant  protest  from 
the  pulpit  and  press.  Theatres  and  base-ball  games 
are  already  tolerated  on  that  day. 

—Public  Morals  in  District  of  Columbia.— The 
Washington  correspondent  of  The  Christian  Cyno- 
sure (Anti-Masonic),  states  that  in  the  revision  of 
the  laws  of  the  District,  the  changes  proposed  were 
mostly  in  the  direction  of  removing  the  restraints 
on  vice  and  immorality.  This  shows  the  importance 
of  electing  as  members  of  Congress  persons  of  pure 
habits  and  good  principle — none  but  such  ought  to 
receive  the  votes  of  any  conscientious  man. 

— Foolish  Ceremonies. — The  following  description 
of  a  performance  at  Haverford  College  is  taken  from 
the  Public  Ledger  of  Philadelphia,  of  6th  mo.  24th  : 

"  Cremation  of  Wentworth  at  Hare/ford  College. — 
One  of  the  most  interesting  and  unique  of  College 
'Cremation'  ceremonies  was  performed  last  evening 
on  the  campus,  opposite  Barclay  Hall,  at  Haverford 
College,  the  Class  of  '86.  or  Sophomores,  burning  at 


rl's  dress.  They  sometimes  keep  the  dance 
>  for  an  hour  or  more,  careering  first  to  one 
de  of  the  field  and  then  to  the  other. — C.  B. 
larke,  in  Century. 

Bird  lime  and  its  uses. — Bird  lime  is  a  tena- 
ous,  sticky  substance,  used  to  smear  twigs 
■  sticks  for  the  purpose  of  catching  birds 
at  may  alight  thereon.    Although  bird-lime 

made  in  the  United  States  in  small  quanti- 
se, Japan  is  probably  the  only  country  in 
hich  it  is  regularly  manufactured  on  a  large 
ale.  It  is  made  from  the  bark  of  the  mochi- 
ee,  an  evergreen  with  thick  leaves.  The 
jfck  is  taken  from  the  trees  and  macerated 

water  about  forty  days,  after  which  it  is 
:aten  in  a  mortar,  boiled  and  washed,  until 
>e  material  becomes  sufficiently  clear  and 
ire.  It  is  then  a  dull  whitish  color,  extreme- 
f  viscid,  and  of  a  very  gummy  consistency. 
I  hen  well  prepared  it  is  said  to  keep  good  a 
>ng  time. 

A  recent  writer,  speaking  of  the  uses  to 
hich  this  article  is  put  bj7  the  Japanese,  says 

at  they  are  far  more  diverse  than  one  would 
pspeet,  the  principal  one   being,   of  course, 

i  snaring  of  birds  and  animals.     By  means 

bird  lime,  animals  as  large  as  monkeys  are 

ight.  When  they  once  get  the  stuff  upon 
leir  paws,  they  soon  cover  themselves  with 

and  so  exhaust  themselves  in  trying  to  get 
d  of  it  that  they  fall  an  easy  prey.    Birds  as  j  the  stake  an  effigy  of  Wentworth,  author  of  the  text 
rge  as  ducks  are  taken,  and  by  a  very  inge-jlwok  on^Plane^iud  Sp^ierica^ Trigonometry.    Up- 
ous  process.     The  young  shoots  of  the  wis 


ist  cease.'  With  the  dying  embers,  the 
chorus  exultingly  sang:  '  Wentworth  now  has  van- 
ished.' As  the  participants  re-formed  in  line  and 
ed  to  the  gymnasium,  the  quartette  gave  :  '  On, 
Gallant  '8(5.'  " 

We  are  informed  by  one  of  the  students  of 
the  college,  that  the  proceedings  at  that  time 
were  not  carried  to  any  greater  degree  of  ex- 
travagance and  folly  than  on  some  former 
occasions ;  but  that  attention  had  not  hereto- 
fore been  called  to  them  bjr  any  published 
eport. 

We  think  there  are  several  very  serious 
objections  to  such  exhibitions;  one  of  which 
is  the  fostering  of  a  taste  for  dramatic  repre- 
sentations, which  will  probably  lead  to  an 
attendance  of  the  theatre  and  a  participation 
in  the  evils  connected  with  it. 

The  whole  thing  is  so  foolish  and  unreason- 
able, and  so  eminently  un-Friendly  in  all  its 
aspects,  that  we  regret  its  occurrence  in  an 
institution  which  is  under  the  control  of  mem- 
bers of  our  Society;  and  we  sincerely  hope 
that  those  concerned  will  take  timely  mea- 
sures to  prevent  its  repetition. 


ria,  which  attain  considerable  length,  and 
re  strong,  light  and  flexible,  are  gathered, 
riedand  knotted  together  in  one  continuous 
pngtb.  This  is  smeared  with  bird  lime,  and 
oated  out  to  sea,  where,  very  often  in  the 
orning,  the  hunter  is  rewarded  by  the  cap- 
ire  of  several  birds.  It  is  a  very  inexpen- 
ve  method  of  bagging  wild  fowl,  as  the 
.ckle  will  serve  any  number  of  times  till  the 
rd 
he 


wards  of  500  invited  guests  from  this  city  and  the 
surrounding  summer  resorts  were  in  attendance. 

"  Shortly  after  8.30  p.  m.,  the  members  of  the  Class, 
arrayed  in  the  habiliments  of  the  ancient  Egyptians, 
passed  from  the  gymnasium,  which  was  used  as  a 
dressing  room,  to  the  '  Arch  of  Flora,'  near  the  ob- 
servatory. Here  the  line  of  march  was  formed  as 
follows:  1.  The  Corinthian  Quartette,  dressed 
white  flowing  gowns  and  turbans,  accompanied  by 
two  attendants  hearing  torches ;  2.  The  Arch-Judge, 
venerable  in  long  white  beard  and  robes  of  silvei 
and  black,  with  two  attending  torch-bearers;  five 
me  dries,  when  it  is  easily  replaced,  courtiers  in  suitable  costumes;  Wentworth, habited 
no  noise   made  in  this  kind  ot  hunt- j  in  a  white  and  black  garment,  with  a  black  hood 


nd  battle-axes. 

ed  to  the  judgment-seat 

•s  chanted  in  harmon 


THE    FRIEND. 


SEVENTH  MONTH  12,  1884. 


pg  to  drive  away  the  ducks,  or  to  inform  the  decorated  with  the  emblems  of  death,  and  guarded 
"eio-hbors  of  what  is  going  on.  I by  two  gaolers  on  either  side  ;  six  soldiers,  arrayed 

Small  birds  are  caught  in   various   waysim  the  full  m.htary  costume  oi  the  Ancients,  with 
|ome  by  means  of  a  decoy  bird  concealed  near  &' ..  ^""he  proceU 
patch  of  tempting  food,  which  is  plentifully  jon  tne  cami,u,   the 
|lanted  with  little  splinters  of  wood,  like  large, 'Allah  !  we  turn  to  t 
eedles,  the  upper  half  of  which  are  covered  I  circular  space  had  be 

?ith  lime.     In  China  and  Japan  they  choose 'conspicuous  the  cremation  platform,  >ix  let  square  Ition  of  very  "  liberal" 
•am  boo  splinters,  but  those  made  of  basswood  'and  high,  the  sides  covered  with  scarlet  and  black,  had  succeeded  to  a  la 
r  any  similar  light  kind  will   answer  just  as  f,"'1  i{  He.or  .take.t huty  l.rt  hijr  h.  pacing  through  off  tho9e  inflliences  of 
II       t\      T  ,  >  „l>-  ,.„„.|,  cmnll  1,'i, •, I  •  rm   t,1L'  ^»tre  I  tho  l'i'edilla  ot  the  Judge  raised  three  „„,;„;_  „„„„„■„♦,•„„„  . 

|rell.     The  Japanese  also  catch    ma  1  buds  on  ^  ,md  ,he     latform  of  the  accusers.     Gathered 

ees  by  using  long  bamboo  rods,  the  tops  otiaround)  wjthout  the  ropes,  were  the  spectators. 
hich  are  smeared  with  the  lime,  and  then  j  When  the  '  court'  had  arranged  itself,  the  Judge,  in 
fa  rusting  them  against  their  feathers.  Bats  sonorous  tones,  inquired,  'Of  what  do  you  accuse 
nd  mice  are  easily  caught  by  spreading  a  this  man?'  Then  followed  the  speeches  of  the  ar- 
mall  quantity  of  bird  lime  on  pieces  of  paper  raigmng  witnesses  m  order. 

.r  hoard    and  rilaeino-  these    near  their  holes  *  lrst>  Accusation  delivered  in  the  Greek  lan- 

»r  boaid,  and  p  aung  these    licit  tiui  I  oKs.i  )jv  e   ,,   Wa(lsw„rth>  „f  Maine.   Song,  'The 

it  is  also  spread  upon  the  leaves  of  the  bam-  £torm  is-Hi  h;  ,,v  tlle  ,iuart(.tk.     Second,  Accusa- 
>oo  tree,  and  universally  employed  through- |tion   in    English,   by  John  Dickinson,  of  Pougl 


>ut  Japan  for  catching  flies  and  other  insects. 
■The  Sun. 


Items. 

Methodism. — W. 


Taylor  of  the 


keepsie,  N.  Y.  Song,  'Dark  Clouds  Shut  Out  the 
Sky.'  Third,  Accusation  in  Latin,  by  H.  H.  God- 
dard,  of  Maine.  Song,  '  Wentworth,  the  Bell  will 
Toll  for  Thee.'  Fourth,  Wentworth's  ( W.  W.  White ) 
Defence,  in  English.  Fifth,  Sentence  of  Condem- 
nation by  the  Judge,  J.  P.  Tunis,  of  Philadelphia. 


Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,  in  a  kindly  written  re-;Song,  'Farewell,  "Wentworth.'  The  condemned 
dew  of  the  traits  of  Methodism,  published  in  the  Wentworth  was  then  led  to  the  stake,  on  the  plat- 
Uhrutian  Advocate,  mentions  as  among  the  signs  of  form.  The  fagots  were  piled  high  up.  In  the  mean- 
veakness,  an  undue  dependence  on  "  emotional  ex- '  time,  the  living  '  Wentworth,'  slipped  through  the 
atement,  sympathetic  impulses  and  factitious  meth- j  flowing  garment  in  which  he  was  dressed,  and  by 
ids  of  public  and  social  worship,  especially  in  sea-  j  means  of  a  convenient  trap-door,  immediately  under 
ions  of  revivals,  which  are  followed  sooner  or  later  the  stake,  descended  within  the  covered  platform, 
)y  coldness  and  collapse."  This  is  shown  by  "the  and  an  effigy  of  wood  was  deftly  substituted,  with- 
istonishing  disproportion  between  the  number  of  out  being  observed  by  the  onlookers.  The  guards 
jrobationers  and  those  of  them  who  afterwards  be-  fired  the  pyre,  and  the  lurid  flames  burst  high  in 
;ome  full  communicants  in  Methodist  churches."     'the  air,  the  chorus  chanting  the  stern  refrain — '  All 


We  have  received  from  the  publishers  a 
copy  of  "James  and  Lucretia  Mott,"  pre- 
pared by  tbeir  granddaughter;  which  we 
have  read  with  mingled  feelings.  Their  in- 
timate connexion  with  the  anti-slavery  move- 
ment, which  commenced  about  fifty  years 
ago,  and  the  prominent  part  taken  by  Lucretia 
Mott  in  the  discussions  which  arose  out  of  it, 
and  out  of  the  women's  rights  movement,  and 
some  other  efforts  to  ameliorate  the  condition 
of  mankind,  furnished  materials  which  give 
considerable  interest  to  the  narrative.  To 
the  public  she  is  best  known  as  an  advocate 
for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  in  which  cause 
she  wras  a  fearless  and  diligent  laborer.  But 
the  reading  of  this  book  leaves  on  the  mind 
the  impression,  that,  in  the  latter  years  of 
her  life  at  least,  the  cause  nearest  to  her  heart 
was  the  destruction  of  the  commonly  received 
ideas  of  Christian  doctrine,  and  the  promo- 
tion of  very  "liberal"  views  of  religion.  She 
ge  extent  in  throwing 
early  education  and  of 
eligious  associations  which  would  have  kept 
her  in  unity  with  the  doctrines  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  ;  and  had  gone  great  lengths  in  her 
dependence  on  reason  alone,  and  in  her  re- 
jection of  the  authority  of  the  Bible,  as  an 
inspired  volume. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  "  Free  Beligious  Asso- 
ciation" in  Boston,  in  1871,  she  stated  that 
she  knew  of  no  warrant  that  required  her  to 
take  the  Apostle  Paul  as  an  authority;  and 
on  a  similar  occasion,  in  1875,  she  spoke  of 
the  reverence  felt  for  the  Bible  as  an  idolatry 
similar  to  that  of  the  ancient  Egyptians  in 
worshipping  their  idols.  The  doctrines  of 
the  divinity  of  our  Saviour  and  of  the  Atone- 
ment, found  no  favor  in  her  eyes — the  latter, 
especially,  she  regarded  as  a  hindrance  to 
Christian  progress.  This  view  was  promi- 
nently held  forth,  not  only  in  her  public  dis- 
courses, but  in  her  private  letters. 

We  refer  to  these  matters  here,  because  she 
was  regarded  by  the  public  as  a  "  Quaker 
Minister."  She  was  born  a  member  of  our 
Society,  and  first  spoke  as  a  minister  in  1818. 


392 


THE    FRIEND. 


When   the   separation    occurred,  which   grew       The  receipts  of  codfish  at  Gloucester,  Massachusetts, 
out  of  the  doctrines  preached  by  Elias  Hicks,  'during  the  last  six  months  have  been  much  lighter  than 
She  joined   with  those  who  favored    his  Cause,  ,««»«"B/h*  ~rrespond.ng  period for  several  years  pas,, 
,J  .     ,    ,.  .  ,  ,  ,.    ,      .        _'   owing  to  light  hauls  at  the  banks.      J  <ital  codfish,  18,- 

and  accepted  the  views  he  published.  She  785,000  pounds,  against  23.011,800  pounds  for  the  same 
believed  in  the  great  essential  doctrine,  that!  period  in  1883;  total  halibut,  3,912,015  pounds,  against 
the   Spirit  of  God  visits   the   heart  of  man  to   3,431,218  pounds  for  the  first  six  months  of  the  previous 

lead  him  in  the  way  of  truth  and  righteous-  ye.ar:  aggregate  haddock  hake,  pollock,  cusk  and 
ness  ;  but  she  was  so  opposed  to  the  Harrow,  G^^^^^S^S  g^fi/ 
superstitious  views  of  some  theologians,  that  totai  frozen  |u,,.ri„gi  14,880,000  fish,  against  k;,939,ooo 
she  erred  in  under-valuing  the  importance  of  fish  for  the  first  half  of  1883. 

sound  doctrine,  considering  it  a  duty  to  be  I  The  final  presentment  of  the  Grand  Jury  for  Sixth 
skeptical,  and  to  admit  nothing  as  true  until  mont"  Jfm  was  made  to  Judge  Finletter  in  the  New 
convinced  bv  the  li^bt  of  reason  i  Court  House.     Among  other  things  the  Grand  Jury 

m,     ,        'V         °  ,    ot  itason.  say.  It  has  b(?come  a  nized  fact  that  the  , 

I  be  light  Of  reason  led  her  to  very  different  proportion  of  crime,  wretchedness  and  vice  is  direct Iv 
conclusions  as  to  spiritual  matters,  from  those  .attributable  to  the  use  and  the  abuse  of  intoxicating 
to  which  the  early  members  of  our  Society  drinks.  It  is  the  opinion  of  your  Jury  that  the  mini- 
were  led,  as  they  professed  and  believed,  by  ber  of  licenses  should  be  largely  decreased,  and  that 
+  Iia  Td.rlit  r,i'  Phi-wr  tbo  tflnr.hin.r  ^f  i  l.o  they  sllould  be  ts«l  to  a  minimum  number  to  each 
ir.  .^'S1;  ,  ~.blISIt'Tt.,:t'  teaching  of  the  ward  Q  cin  d  (hat  the  price  for  S1R.,,  a  |iwlWl. 
Spirit  ot  God.  b  irmly  believing  in  the  Scrip-  'should  be  fixed  at  so  high  a  price  as  would  tend  to  in- 
ture  declaration  that  the  natural  man  know-  'sure  the  keeping  of  respectable  houses  by  respectable 
eth    not   the   things  of  the   Spirit  of  God,  be-   men,  and  that  the  good  character  ofthe  applicant  should 

.  license. 

recently  been  found 
:onsin.  One  of  them 
__  diamond  field  is  also  reported 
things.  Under  its  guidance  and  teaching, 'near  Silver  City,  Idaho. 
the}7  saw  that  man's  salvation  was  effected  by  |  The  assignee  of  Grant  &  Ward,  the  bankrupt  New 
the  power  of  God,  and  that  this  power  not  I  T°rli  broke,rs>  >!as  fi!ed  the  inventory  and  schedule  of 
only  operates  now  on  the  heart  and  mind,  but  [tln^^U  j^S'actila ^S"9  ' 
that  its  manifestation  in  his  beloved  Son,  our  I  The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  was  part  of  which  was  8  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 

the  Divine  plan  for  man's  redemption.      They   110  le's  tnan  during  the  corresponding  period  last  y 

taught  that  the  inward  discoveries  and  opera-  °f  the  "hole  number  there  were  205  males  and  189 

tio.is  of  the  Divine  Light   with  which  Christ  ^£™u^%£^£12^^. 

had  enlightened  men,  enabled  those  who  lived   monia;  10  of  apoplexy;  and  10  of  cerebrospinal  men- 

in  the  days  of  his  outward  appearance  to  con-  ingitis. 

fess  to  and  believe  in  the  Divine  Light  and  life  !     Markets,  &c.— U.S.  4}'s,  112;  4's,  H8J;  3's,  registered, 

which  appeared  in  that  prepared  body.     And  ,10}j  ™">-™y  ti>  125  a  131 

through  the  operation  ofthe  same  Light  and  ^j™  W"  M  y      "*  C   '  °r  "Udd'lng 

power  they  were  led  to  an   undoubting  faith  I     Petroleum  was  dull  at  7|  cts.  for  refined  in  barrels, 

in   the   divinity   and    offices  of  the    Saviour,  and  9J  cts.  for  do.  in  cases. 

They  placed  their  hope,  as  Isaac  Penington!     Flour  was  dull,  and   prices  favored   buyers.    Eye 

expressed  it,  " In  what  Christ  hath  done  with-  "0,,V  w'ls  tiu,11  :"  $3'-°  a  ' :H°  Per  barre!>  as  t0 q"alil.v- 

nut  me    and  Un  doth  in  mP  "  Beet   cattle   were  ln   falr  dea):"id  and  steady:  3000 

out  me,  and  also  do  h  in  me.  head  arrivtd  ,uu,  soM  ,u  ,he  dittferent       ds  ^  a  n 

ft  it  were  needful  to  do  so,  it  would  be  easy  'cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

to  show  that  the   belief  of  Lucretia  Mott  on  I     Sheep.— Good  grades  were  easier:  11,000  head  ar- 

points  of  Christian  doctrine  differed  essentially  j rived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  2  a  5}  cts., 

in    some   important   respects  from  those  set  aniJJamL>s  at  4  a  8  cts.,  per  potind 


eth  not  the  things  of  the  Spirit  of  God,  be-  ,  »>en,  and  that  the  good  character 
cause  they  are  to  be  spiritually  discerned,  |°e  requisite,  for  granting  a  licem 
consistent  Friends  have  ever  waited  for  the  ^S^wSll^f,  Wi 
untoldmgs  ot  the  Spirit  of  Iruth  m  spiritual  ;s  rated  at  $10,000.    A  diamon 


to  condition. 

changed:  4500  head  arrived  and  sold 

.-...  per  pound,  the  latter  rate  for  extra. 

and  which   have  prevailed  among  our  mem-       Foreign.— Despatches  received  in  London  from  St. 

bei'S  generally.      But   as   this  will  scarcely  be   Paul  de  Loanda,  on   the  west  coast  of  Africa,  mention 

called   in   question    by  any  familiar  with    the  |  reports  to  the  effect  that  Henry  M.  Stanley  had  sailed 


l  the  standard  writings  of  our  Society, 'at  yiTy^et' 

J:  ^ 

approved  writings  if  Fri-.ndo.  whe  may  re  id  fcT  kng'-d.    TH  coirmanderc  ;jf  F-.-ruigj.^  war  ,■?.;- 

*lV     mnm„i..v  „*■!,„„   i:r,    ■♦  i  Zc    •       .    sels  ll!,d  ascended  the  ( .  oiigo  and  annulled  the  treaties 

the  memoirs  of  her  life,  it  maybe  sufficient  |that  Stanley  had  concluded  with  the  natives,  whirl, 
to  remark,  that  the  Society  ot  friends  ought  |granted  to  the  African  International  Association  sov- 
not  to   be   held    responsible   for   those  of  thejereignty  over  territory  that  had  been  declared  to  be 


views  she  held  and  industriously  spread,  which 
are  at  variance  with  principles  ever  believed 
in  and  advocated  by  it. 

SUMMARY  GF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— The  public  debt  statement  for  Gth 
month,  shows  a  reduction  of  $9,217,25(1. 

Both  Houses  of  Congress  adjourned  at  12  o'clock,  m. 
on  the  7th  instant. 

The  Interior  Department  is  informed  that  about  nine 
hundred  Comanche  Indians  have  left  the  Pine  Ridge 
reservation,  in  Dakota,  and  are  now  on  the  Rosebud, 
Horn  and  Powder  rivers  in  a  starving  condition.  The 
stockmen  fear  depredation  on  their  cattle,  and  are  anx- 
ious that  the  Indians  shall  be  compelled  to  return  to 
their  agency.  The  agent  at  Pine  Ridge  has  been  di- 
rected to  investigate  the  matter. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa  having  affirmed  the  con- 
stitutionality of  the  Prohibition  against  the  manufac- 
ture and  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors,  the  law  went  into 
effect  on  the  4th  inst.  In  Dubuque,  the  breweries  and 
most  of  the  saloons  were  closed  on  First-day  last,  but 
all  resumed  operations,  as  usual,  on  Second-day. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut  has  just  decided 
a  test  case  confirming  the  title  of  oyster  growers  of 
Clinton,  in  that  State,  to  submerged  lands  valued  at 
$500,000. 


neutral, 

A  despatch  from  Cairo  to  the  Telegraph  says,  that 
letters  have  been  received  there  from  Khartoum,  staling 
that  the  place  was  captured  during  the  latter  part  of  5th 
month  without  difficulty.  There  was  no  massacre. 
Most  of  the  Europeans  turned  Mohammedans.  Among 
those  wdio  did  not  is  General  Gordon,  who  is  quite  safe 
and  is  allowed  the  free  range  of  the  Mahdi's  camp. 
The  Mahdi  himself  is  at  Khartoum.  The  Europeans 
are  well  treated. 

The  Times  referring  to  the  trouble  between  France 
and  China  says:  Complications  wherewith  the  contest 
between  China  and  France  threaten  the  trade  of  Eng- 
land, America  and  Germany,  will  be  of  a  most  serious 
character.  It  will  be  difficult  to  prevent  American  and 
European  adventurers  from  engaging  in  the  strife,  and 
thus  raising  delicate  international  questions.  We  must 
hope  that  Pekin  will  again  bow  to  the  inevitable  and 
yield  this  time  without  reserve. 

Prime  Minister  Ferry  has  telegraphed  to  the  French 
Minister  at  Pekin,  instructing  him  to  demand  from 
China  a  war  indemnity  of  250,000,000  francs.  He  has 
also  telegraphed  to  Admiral  Courbet,  ordering  him  to 
seize  the  Fontcheun  Arsenal  as  a  guarantee  for  the 
payment  of  the  indemnity. 

More  than  one  hundred  deaths  are  reported  from 
cholora,  at  Toulon  and  Marseilles,  France,  during  the 
''-      A  despatch  from  Toulon, 


week  ending  7th  month 


dated  7th  month  5th,  says  :  "  The  thermometer  in  Toil 
Ion  to-day  registered  95  degrees  in  the  shade,  and  thl 
city  presents  a  most  mournful  appearance.  Almost  a.  j 
the  inhabitants  whose  circumstances  enable  them  tj 
live  elsewdiere  have  left  the  city,  and  the  number  (I 
those  who  have  thus  fled  from  the  pestilence  is  estij 
mated  at  three-fourths  of  the  entire  population.  Thl 
people  who  remain  are  of  the  poorer  classes  who  hav 
no  means  to  go  elsewhere,  and  their  condition  is  pitiai 
ble.  There  is  no  employment  for  mechanics  and  n 
trade  for  shopkeepers.  With  the  exception  of  the  deal 
ings  in  actual  necessities  of  life,  trade  is  at  a  standstil 
and  many  tradesmen  have  been  ruined.  Five  of  then 
committed  suicide  during  the  present  week.  Man; 
public  officials  have  deserted  their  posts,  and  the  peopl'i 
demand  their  dismissal  on  the  ground  that  their  deser 
tion  tends  still  further  to  disorganize  the  community 
and  invite  anarchy  and  pillage." 

Dr.  Koch,  the  head  of  the  Berlin  Cholera  Commis 
sion,  who  is  investigating  the  disease  in  France,  report; 
that  the  cholera  is  Asiatic,  from  the  extreme  East.  He 
found  the  same  microbes  here  as  were  found  in  Egyp 
and  India.  The  intestines  being  the  seat  of  danger 
fumigation  is  useless.  He  says:  "The  cholera  wil 
reach  Germany.  It  will  go  everywhere.  Having  i 
centre  like  Toulon,  it  must  spread."  The  Cholera  Com 
mission,  which  during  the  last  year  has  been  studyinj 
the  disease  in  Egypt  and  India,  has  presented  its  com 
plete  report  to  the  German  Government. 

In  the  German  Empire  last  year,  more  beer  wai 
drank  than  the  daily  average  consumption  of  water  foi 
all  purposes  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

'1  he  Commission  of  five  sent  to  Havana  from  Madrid 
have  prepared  their  report  regarding  the  condition  o 
Cuba  and  the  question  of  selling  it,  and  have  submitter, 
a  copy  of  it  to  the  Captain-General.  The  latter  natun 
ally  disapproves  its  conclusions,  as,  if  they  were  fol- 
lowed, he  would  cease  to  be  chief  ruler  of  the  island 
The  report  is  signed  by  only  three  ofthe  Commissioners 
the  other  two  will  make  a  minority  report,  and  all  fiv< 
will  leave  for  Spain  on  the  steamer  which  sails  nexk 
week.  The  following  is  understood  to  be  a  synopsis  olj 
the  report: 

The  majority  of  the  Commission  are  of  opinion  that' 
the  interests  of  Spain  demand  that  she  should  be  re-' 
lieved  of  Cuba  betore  an  insurrection  shall  succeed,  oi^ 
bankruptcy  in  the  Island  should  produce  results  likei 
those  of  1821-1825,  when  the  Spanish  American  Colo-j 
nies  were  wrench  from  the  mother  country.  The  re- 
port refers  to  the  official  declaration  recently  made  at 
Madrid,  that  the  Government  would  never  sell  Cuba,1 
and  suggests  a  plan  which  has  been  elaborated  by  one 
of  the  Commissioners  and  the  Spanish  Minister  at 
Washington. 

There  were  20  deaths  from  yellow  fever  in  Havana 
during  last  week. 

The  grain  crops  in  portions  of  Ontario  are  reported 
to  be  suffering  severely  from  drought.  In  some  parts 
of  the  North  Frontenac  district,  the  grain  has  not  yet 
come  out  of  the  dried  up  ground. 

Large  brush  fires  are  still  burning  in  the  townships 
around  Kingston,  Ontario,  the  number  being  estimated 
at  one  hundred.  The  greatest  of  the  tires  is  said  to 
cover  an  area  of  fourteen  miles  in  length  by  three  ini 
width.  It  is  believed  that  the  spread  of  the  flames  is 
now  checked. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  and  4.55  p.  M.,  to  conveyi 

the  school. 


FRIENDS'  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Near  Frankjord,  (Twenty-third  Ward,)  Philadelphia. 
Physician  and  Superintendent — John  C.  Hall,  M.  D. 

Applications  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  may  be 
made  to  the  Superintendent,  or  to  any  of  the  Board  of 
"anagers. 


Died,  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  5th  mo.  Gth,  1SS4,  Philip 
Dunn,  son  of  Thomas  A.,  and  Elizabeth  D.  Bell,  aged 
eleven  years.  An  invalid  for  more  than  a  year,  and  at 
s  suffering  acutely,  it  was  very  touching  and  in-^ 
teresting  to  see  the  robust,  light-hearted  boy,  become 
the  patient,  cheerful,  trusting  child  of  his  Heavenly 
Father.  He  loved  lo  hear  good  reading,  and  especially 
the  Bible,  and  was  willing  to  leave  all  and  go  to  the 
dear  Saviour,  who  lived  and  died  for  him.  No  fear  of 
death,  no  doubt  of  the  Divine  mercy  was  permitted  to 
disturb  his  mind.  The  memory  of  his  perfect  faith  and 
and  love,  exerts  an  influence  upon  those  who  knew 
,  which  seems  to  verify  the  language  used  at  the 
interment,  "And  a  little  child  shall  lead  them." 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  SEVENTH  MONTH  19,  1884. 


ro.  so. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  $2.00  per  annum. 

ibscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  b; 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

AT   NO.  116  NORTH   FOURTH  STREET,  DP  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


for 


be  addressed  I 


JOSEPH  WALTON, 

n,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


our  homes,  bavc  now  concluded  to  separate: 
his  concern  leading  him  Northward,  and  mine 
leading  me  Southward  ;  the  separation  feels 
easy  to  me. 

24th.  Had  some  small  service  in  the  Month- 
Iy  Meeting  for  the  Northern  District ;  but  the 
burthen  remains.  O,  thou  City  of  Brothers ! 
how  has  thy  gold  become  dim,  and  thy  wine 
mingled  with  water!  Somewhat  strength- 
ened by  the  fatherly  sympathy  ofdear  Thomas 
Scattergood. 

25th.  At  the  Monthly  Meeting  for  the  Mid- 
dle District.    Wading  at  the  bottom  of  Jordan, 
and  no  one  to  look  to  but  thee,  O  my  God  ! 
Memoirs   Of  MlCajah   ColliDS.  26th.    At  the  Southern  Monthly  Meeting 

d  from  page  386j  with  wreathsof  affliction  about  the  head.    O 

1811,  12th  mo.  15th.  In  the  forenoon  was  Lord,  how  long!  What  is  the  cause  ! 
I  their  usual  forenoon  meeting.  Afternoon  29th.  At  the  Middle  and  Pine  St,  Meetings, 
ttended  a  meeting  appointed  tor  the  town's  Out  of  the  belly  of  hell  I  seem  to  cry.  Perils 
eople,  a  large  and  respectable  number  ofjof  various  kinds  are  met  with  in  the  course 
bom  were  present,  towards  whom  my  cup 'of  this  wilderness  pilgrimage,  but  the  worst 
bundantly  overflowed  in  the  spring  and  love  of  all  are  perils  by  false  brethren.  This  even- 
the  Gospel  in  demonstration  and  authority;  ing  rode  to  Cheltenham,  ami  put  up  at  John 
nd  I  was  enabled  to  raise  my  Ebenezer  and  Shoemaker's. 

»y.  hitherto  the  Lord  hath  helped  me;  mag-  30th.  Gained  a  little  strength  by  leaving 
ified  forever  be  his  name;  He  hath  defeated  some  of  the  weight  of  the  exercise  of  my 
lie  host  of  Pharaoh  ;  the  horse  and  his  rider  mind  with  them  in  Abington  Monthly  Mect- 
[e  hath  cast  into  the  sea;  and  enabled  me  to  ing. 

ng  of  his  goodness  and  his  truth.  Dined,  I  31st.  Returned  to  Philadelphia  ;  am  now  at 
nd  in  the  evening  returned  to  our  lodgingslsaac  Paxson's  wailing  further  openings,  to 
ith  William  Kirk,  who  has  spent  several  move  this  way  or  that  way,  as  best  wisdom 
ears  among  the  aborigines  of  our  country,  ma}'  direct.  O,  Philadelphia!  Philadelphia! 
t  Wapacunetta,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  how  has  my  heart,  and  all  that  is  feeling  with- 
fer  civilization ;  both  under  the  auspices  of  in  me,  been  pained  in  thee!  thou  great  and 
national  government  and  under  the  direc-  \  populous  city  !  thou  mixed  mass  of  matter  ; 
on  of  our  own  Society.  Being  an  intelligent  .things  pleasant  to  the  human  ear;  pleasing  to 
oung  man,  I  derived  from  him  much  inter-  the  eye  of  the  carnal  man;  and  delusive  to 
sting  information  relative  to  the  habits  and  the  heart,  the  seat  of  all  wickedness.  How 
ligious  sentiments  of  the  savage  inhabitants  hath  my  soul  been  affected  at  what  I  have 
j  the  wilderness,  as  they  are  generally  called,  'seen  !  and  more  especially  at  what  1  felt  while 
h  confirmed  a  belief  I  have  long  enter-  .in  thee  and  walking  about  thy  streets,  O, 
lined  concerning  them.  Being  made  of  the  Philadelphia  !  but  in  a  peculiar  manner  under 
ime  blood,  by  the  same  Almighty  hand,  they  an  impressive  sense  of  the  prevalence  of  hu- 
urnished  with  capacities  to  seek  after  man  wisdom  usurping  a  place  of  government 
od  and  an  acquaintance  with  his  truth.     A  in  the  church  militant.    Thus  closes  the  yea 


ardy  race  ;  firm  friends  ;  hospitable  and  kind 
>  strangers;  but  jealous  of  their  enemies; 
jrupulously  guarding  against  encroachments 
pon  their  rights,  and  of  a  lively  and  quick 
nderstanding. 

h.  Took  affectionate  leave  of  my  kind 
nd  hospitable  friends  at  York,  and  rode  to 
olumbia,  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Susque- 
anna. 

18th.  In  their  mid-week  meeting  experi- 
nced  a  season  of  enlargement  in  the  flowings 
f  Gospel  love.    Dined,  and  went  to  Lancaster. 

19th.  The  meeting  at  Lampeter  was  a 
ason  of  consolation,  to  some  tried  minds, 
nd  productive  of  refreshment  to  my  own. 

21st.  Went  to  Philadelphia;  we  put  up  at 
Jaac  Paxson's. 

22nd.  Attended  their  meetings  for  the  Mid- 

e  and  Northern  Districts.  My  mind  was 
^pressed,  but  found  no  way  to  relieve  it. 

23rd.  John  Bailey  and  myself  having  con- 
nued  to  travel  together  thus  far  since  we  left 


in  the  forty-seventh  of  my  pilgrimage. 

1812,  1st  month  1st,  May  it  be  a  year  of 
improvement  to  my  mind.  A  young  man  of 
this  city  offering  to  accompany  me  awhile, 
and  being  acceptable,  we  left  the  city  and 
rode  to  Darby. 

2nd.  At  Darby  Monthly  Meeting,  where 
the  power  of  Truth  had  the  ascendency  over 
all  the  powers  of  darkness,  and  many  souls 
were  comforted  together.  In  the  evening  had 
another  sitting  at  our  lodgings. 

3rd.  Wre  went  to  Chester  and  attended  an 
appointed  meeting,  in  which  I  was  deeply 
baptized  for  the  dead.  After  meeting  rode  to 
Chichester,  and  put  up  at  John  Talbot's,  with 
whose  wife,  Sarah  Talbot,  I  had  travelled  in 
our  country  some  years  ago.  It  was  a  com- 
fortable retreat. 

4th.  Eode  to  Wilmington,  and  attended  on 
the  5tb  both  their  First-day  meetings  ;  a  time 
of  strength  and  edification.  A  fierce  looking 
man  in  military  habit,  was  very  tender,  and 


in  an  affectionate  manner  came  to  me  after 
meeting,  and  requested  I  would  go  to  New 
Castle  where  hisstation  was, and  have  a  meet- 
ing with  the  people  there,  offering  to  do  what 
he  could  to  promote  it ;  but  1  saw  no  way  to 
encourage  it,  and  we  parted  with  affection. 
Dined  with  Ann  Ferris,  with  whom  I  had  also 
travelled  in  my  own  country. 

Gth.  Rode  to  Hokissin  and  attended  their 
Monthly  Meeting.  It  was  a  time  of  some 
strength. 

7th.  At  Marlborough  Monthly  Meeting, 
which  continued  laboriously  till  near  sunset, 

8th.  Another  laborious  day  at  London 
Grove  Monthly  Meeting.  Dear  William  Jack- 
son met  us  here,  with  whom  after  dining  we 
rode  home. 

9th.  This  morning  made  a  comfortable  visit 
to  a  sick  woman.  At  New  Garden  Monthly 
Meeting  obtained  thorough  relief  to  my  long 
depressed  mind;  eveiy  impediment  was  re- 
moved, and  the  truth  reigned  over  all ;  mag- 
nified forever  be  the  name  of  our  God.  Thence, 
accompanied  by  William  Jackson,  we  rode  to 
East  Nottingham. 

10th.  My  mind  was  again  relieved  and 
strengthened  in  the  faith,  by  a  close  testi- 
mony in  their  Monthly  Meeting  at  West  Not- 
tingham. 

11th.  In  Little  Britain  Monthly  Meeting 
bad  another  searching  season,  with  tho  lan- 
guage of  encouragement  to  the  seeking  chil- 
dren. William  Jackson  had  very  good  service 
in  each  of  the  preceding  meetings.  In  the 
course  of  these  lato  travels  and  exercises, 
afflictions  and  consolations  have  alternately 
attended  me;  amid  all  of  them  I  have  seen 
the  secret  hand  of  inscrutable  wisdom  work- 
ing refinement ;  fitting  and  qualifying  for,  and 
giving  faith  to  believe  I  am  in  my  place  in 
my  present  allotment.  In  all  which  there  is 
cause  to  bless  the  hand  that  has  been  with 
me  in  mercy  and  in  judgment. 

12th.  Had  a  very  strengthening  season  in 
their  First-day  meeting  at  Eastland. 

13th.  We  returned  to  West  Nottingham, 
and  attended  an  appointed  meeting,  where 
my  heart  was  enlarged  in  the  love  of  the 
Gospel;  Truth  reigned,  and  my  soul  rejoiced. 

14th.  At  another  appointed  meeting  at 
West  Nottingham,  when,  in  the  Spirit  of 
Golpel  love,  my  tongue  was  again  loosed,  and 
through  Holy  Help  the  everlasting  gospel 
was  proclaimed  in  that  demonstration  and 
authority  which  always  carries  its  own  evi- 
dence with  it,  and  gives  sweet  relief  to  the 
exercised  mind.  Went  home  with  our  ancient 
Friend,  George  Churchman,  to  dine,  thence 
home  with  William  Jackson  to  lodge. 

15th.  Rested  and  wrote  at  our  lodgings, 
where  we  were  instructively  and  comfortably 
entertained, 

16th.  Another  season  of  enlargement,  in 
which  the  blessed  truth  triumphed  at  their 
mid-week  meeting  at  West  Grove.  Afternoon 
went  to  Jacob  Lindley's  to  lodge. 

18th.    Truth  sprang  out  of  weakness  in  an 


391 


THE    FRIEND. 


appointed  meeting  to-day  at  New  London  ; 
and  some  tender  minds  were  preciously  visited. 

19th.  At  Kennet  First-day  meeting;  my 
mind  was  again  baptized  for  the  dead,  and 
brought  under  great  suffering.  Dined;  thence 
called  to  see  dear  old  John  Parker,  and  then 
to  Philip  Price's,  near  Birmingham,  to  lodge. 

21st.  In  their  mid-week  meeting  at  Pike- 
land,  Truth  in  its  authority  sprang  out  of 
weakness,  and  spread  a  canopy  over  all. 
Blessed  be  the  Shepherd  of  Israel,  He  is  near 
his  little  ones.     Afternoon  we  rode  to  Nant- 

22d.  At  their  mid-week  meeting,  the  dear 
children  were  visited,  many  of  whom  are  cry 
ing  for  bread,  and  few  qualified  to  break  it  to 
them. 

23rd.  AtUwchlan  had  an  appointed  meet 
ing;  my  mind  was  opened  and  enlarged  in  i 
good  degree  of  gospel  light  among  them. 


For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Experience  of  a  Tobacco-user. 

[Our  aged  friend  Joseph  Morris,  of  Card 
ington,  Ohio,  sends  us  the  following  account 
of  his  own  experience,  which  was  published 
about  2C  years  ago.  His  letter  speaks  of  the 
use  of  Tobacco  as  now  prevailing  "  to  a  fear 
ful  degree  with  the  aged  and  youth."  We 
hope  his  article  may  prove  an  encouragement 
to  others  to  endeavor,  through  Divine  assis 
tance,  to  break  the  bonds  of  an  enslaving 
habit,  which  is  evil  in  its  results. — Ed.] 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  upon  the 


convenience  and  ill-example.  Five  years  have 
now  passed  without  its  use,  and  I  believe 
that  I  appreciate  the  advantage  of  doing 
without  it. 

Now,  it  is  not  my  wish  to  cast  unpleasant 
reflections  upon  any  one.  Let  charity  and 
forbearance  mark  our  disposition  towards  our 
friends  and  others,  who,  like  myself,  have 
been  bound,  lo,  for  these  many  years,  in  an 
evil  practice;  and  let  us  invite  them  affec- 
tionately to  take  up  the  whole  cross,  clay  by 
da}',  deny  themselves  of  ever}'  part  of  it,  and 
then,  with  the  help  of  divine  grace,  they  will 
realize  an  overcoming  not  to  be  repented  of. 

With  kind  regards  for  my  species,  the  world 
over,  Joseph  Morris. 


For  "  The  Frie  l 

The  Origin  of  Westtown  School. 

(Continued  from  page  388.) 

"After  the  procedure  in  taking  up  lands, 
as  above  mentioned,  the  subject  lay  pretty 
much  quiet  tor  thirteen  years  and  upward 
though  not  forgotten  by  the  survivors  of 
those  who  had  engaged  to  promote  it.  In 
the  interval  between  176S  and  1781,  severa 
conferences  were  held  on  the  subject;  but  as 
great  commotions  and  difficulties  prevailed 
in  the  land  during  the  last  seven  years  of  that 
time,  it  was  observable  that  man}'  had  been 
obliged,  in  a  disagreeable  manner,  to  part 
with  much  property  to  gratify  a  military 
spirit."  *  *  Divers  circumstances  seemed 
to  bo  rather  encouraging  in  the  year  1781 
*  *  The  concern  on  this  subject,  and  the 
steps  taken  therein  were  then  communicated 
use  of  tobacco.  I  can  scarcely  say  that  I  re-' to  divers  Friends  in  Philadelphia,  who,  ap- 
member  when  I  did  not  use  it  to  some  extentJ  proving  the  same,  and  concurring  in  senti 
At  the  age  of  about  eight  years,  I  was  pro-|ment  that  an  essay  for  a  beginningshould  be 
ficient  in  what  was  then  called  [and  is  still  i  made  at  Nottingham:  a  lot  of  60  acres  of 
foolishly  so  regarded  by  many]  the  manly \ ground  there  was  laid  out  for  the  purpose  of 
habit  of  chewing  tobacco,  and  was  ingenious  such  school,  and  a  subscription  to  encourage 
enough  mostly  to  hide  it  from  my  parents.  lithe  proceeding  was  in  that  year  begun  by 
continued  the  practice  constantly,  and  de-  several  Friends  in  the  city,  which  was  fol 
lighted  much  in  smoking  segars,  which,  iff  lowed  by  divers  others  elsewhere  in  some 
time,  became  a  confirmed  habit  also.  I  tried  following  years.  *  *  "An  apprehension 
often  to  break  myself  of  the  use  of  it  by  lessen-' had  been  in  the  minds  of  Friends  many  year: 
ing  the  amount  each  day,  but  to  no  purpose,  I  back,  that  in  order  for  establishment  on  ; 
but  continued  its  use  until  the  forty-ninth  j  durable  bottom,  it  might  probably  become  a 
year  of  my  age  ;  when,  on  the  morning  of  the  subject  so  far  worthy  of  attention  as  to  be 
7th  of  6th  month,  1853,  with  large  supply  j  brought  under  the  care  of  Friends  in  a  society 
of  smoking  and  chewing  tobacco  on  hand,  I  capacity." 
laid  it  where  I  could  put  my  hand  upon  it  Subscriptions  of  funds  to  encourage  the 
at  any  time,  and  then  resolved  a  total  ab-  project  were  contributed  both  within  and 
stinence  for  that  day,  which  was  faithfully  I  without  the  society.  A  dwelling  house  was 
yet  uncomfortably  performed.  Very  early  erected  in  1782,  on  the  lot  already-purchased, 
next  morning  I  was  reminded  of  my  favorite 'and  in  the  year  following  a  school-house  was 
luxury,  but  feeling  a  little  encouraged  by  the!  built.  Six  poor  children  were  admitted  du 
achievement  of  the  preceding  day,  I  under-'ing  the  seven  following  years,  "the  first  of 
took,  with  the  help  of  Providence,  to  pass 'whom  was  an  illiterate  girl  nearly  sixteen 
another  day  without  it,  which  I  was  favored | years  old,  who  received  considerable  instruc 
to  do,  and  so  one  day  at  a  time,  through  be-jtion  and  help  in  the  short  time  she  had  to 
setments  not  easy  to  describe,  until  threo,  obtain  it,"  says  the  first  chronicler  of  this 
weeks  had  passed,  when  I  ventured  to  make' pious  project. 

it  known  to  my  family,  whose  sympathy  didl  Thus,  for  more  than  twenty  years  it  appear.' 
not  add  much  to  my  strength.  1  remember, !  that  Friends  had  pondered  the  subject,  and 
at  one  lime,  the  temptation  seeming  almost!  had  regarded  with  concern  the  low  state  of 
irresistible  to  gratify  what  I  had  been  con-  the  interest  "felt  about  schools  in  the  country  ; 
tending  with  so  long,  I  arose  from  my  chair  and  the  situation  of  many  orphans  and  chil- 
and  said,  "  where  is  the  use  of  such  punish-  dren  of  the  poorer  sort  of  people  in  particular, 
ment?"  and  stood  as  one  tied  to  the  spot.  had  frequently  affected  the  hearts  of  some 
I  remembered  that  I  had  asked  for  holy  i  Friends  with  sympathy  and  pity  respecting 
help,   and   fully   believing   that   1    had    been  them." 

strengthened  thereby,  I  quietly  took  my  seat  At  length  the  minor  charity  school  at  Not 
again,  and  believe  I  have  never  had  occasion  [tingham  was  opened  as  above  noticed,  and  a 
to  contend  with  so  strong  a  temptation  since,  few  children  offered  for  admittance.  "  But  it 
and  hope  I  feel  thankful  to  my  Heavenly  was  not  expected  by  those  who  had  been 
Father  for  a  deliverance  from  such  great  in-  thus  concerned   to   use   endeavors  to  lay  a 


foundation  for  what  they  may  have  appre  | 
bended  might  become  gradually  and   exten-1 

vely  useful;  that  any  large  progress  would 
speedily  take  place,  but  that  it  would  requirei 
caution  in  the  movement  as  well  as  strength 
and  divers  necessary  regulations!"  And  thus 
it  proved  to  be. 

Thus  cautiously  and  deliberately  did  these 
concerned  Friends  move  in  this  highly  im-j 
portant  work  while  the  children  were  growing 
up  in  ignorance  of  literature.  They  seemed 
to  need  stimulus  and  guidance  from  some 
educated  men  of  standing  and  influence,  to 
give  them  an  impetus;  so  inexperienced 
were  Friends  generally,  at  that  era,  in  the 
work  of  education.  But  is  it  not  ever  thu$ 
with  the  uninstructed  and  the  ignorant?  Are 
not  the  better  informed  the  pioneers  in  any 
useful  innovation,  and  must  not  the  indifferent 
be  dragged  up  by  many  strenuous  efforts? 
The  inactive  are  those  who  dread  change, 
and  "only  wish  to  be  let  alone;"  for  whom: 
the  present  is  good  enough,  and  who  do  not 
know  enough  to  realize  their  own  low  position, 
and  to  perceive  how  much  is  yet  to  be  done) 

Some  years  prior  to  this  time — 1778-1784 
Friends  of  England  had  taken  steps,  and  had 
made  progress  in  the  preparation  of  an  insti- 
tution for  educating  the  children  of  Friends 
not  in  affluent  circumstances.  Ackworthl 
School,  in  Yorkshire,  was  originally  an  ap-. 
pondage  to  a  Foundling  hospital  in  London; 
and  was  not  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  edui 
cation.  It  had  long  been  unused,  and  in  1777 
was  purchased  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill  and 
three  others,  and  offered  to  the  next  Yearly; 
Meeting  of  London  for  £7000,  and  opened  as 
a  public  school  for  the  children  of  Friends. 
Various  additions  have  been  made  to  thf 
buildings,  and  many  alterations  have  been 
from  time  to  time  demanded  at  heavy  expense; 
and  on  the  occasion  of  our  visit  thereto  irt 
1875,  nearly  one  hundred  years  after  it  was 
projected;  some  liberal  Friends  expressed 
dissatisfaction  with  the  frequent  large  calls 
made  upon  them  to  aid  in  the  repairs  and 
extensions  needed  to  buildings  so  ill  adapted 
to  the  purposes  required,  and  some  of  then* 
questioned  whether  it  would  not  have  been 
wiser  to  have  constructed  buildings  wholly 
anew,  even  though  those  obtained  had  beet* 
purchased  at  a  price  much  below  their  cost,  j 

Through  his  piety,  generosity  and  intelli- 
gent energy,  Dr.  John  Fothergill  became  thed 
leading  instrument  in  inciting  Friends  to  thia 
enterprise.  His  "Letter  to  a  Friend  in  tbo 
country  relative  to  the  inten-ded  school  at 
Ackworth,  in  Yorkshire,"  was  printed  in) 
London  and  passed  to  the  second  edition  in| 
1779.  It  is  an  excellent  and  well-writteni 
appeal,  and  is  well  worthy  of  perusal  by\ 
Friends  of  this  day.  A  copy  exists  in  Friends' 
Library,  Arch  near  Third  Street,  Philad'a, 
appropriately  bound  together  with  Owen 
Biddle's  "  Plan  for  a  School,  &c,"  both  of 
which  once  belonged  to  our  valued  Friend 
John  Pemberton,  the  younger  of  the  three 
distinguished  brothers  of  the  name. 

The  perusal  of  Dr.  Fothergill's  "Letter," 
probably  led  George  Churchman  to  believe 
that  funds  could  be  raised  in  aid  of  a  similar 
cause  in  America,  and  that  such  a  school 
"might  contribute  to  qualify  many  bright, 
useful  members  now  wholly  neglected  and 
left  out  of  the  reach  of  proper  instruction, 
and  who  may  otherwise  remain  in  the  dark, 
ignorant  and  uncultivated  state  of  nominal 
professors."      Our   Friend    George    was   evi- 


THE    FRIEND. 


395 


dentl3r  not  of  this  class,  too  many  of  whom  we 
still  find  in  town  and  country,  whose  useful- 
ness is  diminished  by  lack  of  literary  and 
scientific  training,  and  the  breadth  of  thought, 
sound  culture  can  develope.  George  Church- 
man's thoughts  appear  to  have  been  much 
jxercised  on  the  subject  of  education,  and  in 
*  letter  to  his  nearty  united  Owen  Biddle,  he 
ites:  "It  is  now  not  less  than  23  years 
that  this  subject  has  often  been  warm  in  my 
thoughts  with  a  pleasant  relish.  Some  little 
movements  have  been  gradually  made  bj-  in- 
jividuals  towards  laying  a  foundation  for 
guesting  a  number  of  poor  children,  not 
Friends.  These  movements  have  at  times 
net  with  discouragements  divers  ways.  Some 
(veil  minded  persons  have  no  talent  to  look  at 
vhat  can  be  done  for  the  general  good  by 
svery  one  [exerting  himself]  a  little.  Others, 
lot  of  the  worst  kind  of  people,  have  views 
50  much  confined  to  their  own  families  or  near 

onnections,  that  there  appears  no  crack  for 
;bem  to  look  out  for  a  distribution  of  a  part 
>f  the  substance  conferred  upon  them,  any 
rtber  way.     *     *     There  are  others,  not  only 

losehanded  about  giving  to  generous  pur- 
poses, but  who  are  busy,  fretful,  fault-finding 

n  regard  to  things  which  their  narrow  bias 

annot  comprehend,  and  who  in  a  sly  way, 
behind  hacks,  speak  evil  and  spread  unfavora- 
ble reports  and  insinuations  of  what  they  do 
not  understand."  Truly,  Friend  George  had 
found  the  ignorant,  narrow-minded  and  il- 
liberal churls  of  his  day,  who  are  the  repre- 
sentatives of  those  we  have  met  in  our  own 
;ime. 
In  a  letter  to  Owen  Biddle  of  3rd  mo.  2d, 


"  Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,"  of  which  he  was  a  member,  und 
who  was  author  of  the  first  work  on  archi- 
tecture published  in  America,  projected  an 
essay  respecting  the  growing  concern  for  a 
useful  school,  and  being  encouraged  by  George 
Churchman  and  others  to  proceed  therewith, 
was  early  in  1790  nearly  ready  for  the  press. 
In  the  summer  of  1789  he  had  sent  his  manu- 
script to  Governor  John  Dickinson  for  perusal. 
The  Governor,  in  response  thereto,  expressed 
his  warm  approbation  of  the  general  plan  of 
a  school  as  laid  out  by  Biddle,  and  adds:  "  I 
will  confess  that  my  heart  is  set  upon  its  es- 
tablishment. I  dread  being  an  enthusiast  in 
an}'  thing.  But  when  reason  demonstrates 
the  attainment  of  numerous  valuable  advan- 
tages for  society,  the  affections  ought  to  be- 
come strongly  interested."* 


Fur  "  The  Friend." 

the  Voice  of  the  Shepherd. 

Reading  aloud  last  evening  from  the  10th 
chapter  of  St.  John,  recalled  an  incident,  the 
details  of  which,  though  it  happened  nearly 
twenty  years  ago,  are  yet  fresh  in  mind. 
Among  the  sheep  we  owned  at  that  time  was 
a  pet  lamb  called  Kate,  that  when  quite  young, 
was  regularly  fed  on  cows'  milk  ;  so  fond  was 
she  of  this  food,  that  when  nearly  full  grown 
she  would  often  creep  through  a  hole  under 
the  gate,  come  to  the  kitchen  door,  and  bleat 
for  a  drink  of  milk  ;  her  request  was  always 
granted,  and  she  would  then  hasten  to  rejoin 
her  companions. 

One   cloudy   night,   late  in   the   fall,   dogs 

gave  chase  to  the  flock,  and   Kate  at  once 

1  ouse 


178G,  he  writes:  "  The  subject  of  a  school  for 

Friends'  children,  like  that  at  Ackworth,  ap-  sought  refuge  at  the  bouse  ;  now  some  young 
pears  to  settle  with  increasing  weight  on  my  pjgs  werc  sleeping  at  the  gate,  and  Kate  in 
thoughts.  *  *  I  know  some  who  I  believe  Uer  hurry,  stepped  upon  one.  which  gave  a 
ht  be  excited  to  subscribe  handsomely  for  shrill  squeal  of  pain.  This  protest  from  piggie 
1  beginning  if  it  were  properly  mentioned  tojwas  the  first  intimation  we  had  that  anything 
them,  and  a  suitable  introduction  thereto  pro-  was  going  wrong  with  the  stock.  Upon 
posed."  George  Churchman,  at  this  time,  'opening  the  door,  the  first  thing  we  stumbled 
prepared  a  petition  to  the  Assembly  of  Penn-  0Ver  was  the  pet  lamb,  which  kept  close  to 

vania,    on    behalf  of  the  school  for   poor 

ldren,  which  petition  he  forwarded  to 
Owen  for  the  consideration  of  the  Trustees 
in  Philadelphia. 

It  may  be  proper  to  remark  in  this  place, 
that  the  success  of  Friends'  Clerk  en  well 
School  and  Work-house,  erected  in  1712,  had 
been  so  pronounced,  and  that  of  the  Gilders- 
home  near  Leeds,  so  satisfactory,  that  Friends 
ere  anxious  to  extend  the  usefulness  of  these 
institutions  to  more  children  of  those  not  in 
affluent  circumstances.  The  establishments 
named  were  intended  for  children  who  would 
be  apprenticed  to  trades,  or  placed  in  families, 
few  aged  Friends  were  cared  for  under 
the  first.  Under  admirable  management  the 
Clerkenwell  School  and  Work-house  "  became 
considerable,"  and  was  esteemed  a  credit  to 
Friends.  The  fund  for  the  support  of  these 
schools  amounted  ere  long  to  £20,000,  a  very 
generous  subscription  in  those  days  of  moder- 
ate wealth  in  the  Society.  As  the  interest 
awakened  by  the  above  named  charity  schools 
led  to  the  establishment  of  Ackworth,  so  the 
initiation  of  the  Nottingham  School  led  the 
minds  of  Friends  to  the  much  larger  and  more 
important  concern,  and  prepared  the  way 
for  the  creation  of  that  at  Westtown. 

Owen  Biddle,  another  vigorous  intellect, 
anxious  to  advance  the  suffering  cause  of 
education  among  Friends,  who  bad  contribut 
ed   essays  on  astronomical  subjects  to   tin 


our  heels  ;  going  to  the  pigs,  they  were  found 
to  be  all  right,  but  the  rapid  jingling  of  bells 
caught  our  ears,  and  we  saw  the  sheep  run- 
ning at  full  speed,  with  the  dogs  close  behind. 
The  latter  were  frighted  off  with  a  few  shouts, 
and  then  the  sheep  were  called  ;  immediately 
upon  hearing  the  familiar  voice  of  their  owner, 
tbey  crowded  around  us  as  thick  as  they 
could  stand,  and  promptly  followed  us  to  the 
fold,  where  they  were  secured  for  the  rest  of 
the  night. 

*  In  common  with  many  young  members  among 
Friends,  Owen  Biddle,  in  1775,  had  joined  in  forming 
a  military  company,  his  brother  Clement  having  also 
associated  with  it  as  colonel.  Both  brothers  were 
among  the  principal  merchants  of  Philadelphia  who 
attached  their  names  to  the  non-importation  resolu- 
tions, oneof  the  most  decided  measures  adopted  during 
the  early  part  of  the  struggle  with  Great  Britain  for 
the  preservation  of  the  civil  rights  of  the  Colonists. 
Owen  also  took  part  in  the  framing  of  the  revolution- 
ary State  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  convention. 

Owen  was,  of  course,  disowned  by  Friends.  But  he 
was  at  length,  in  1782,  brought  to  see  and  repent  the 
sins  of  his  youth,  and  enabled  in  sincerity  to  condemn 
to  the  satisfaction  of  Friends,  the  warlike  measures  he 
had  pursued.  In  his  remarkable  acknowledgment  he 
states  that  his  "  spirit  had  been  bowed  down  with 
humble  contrition,"  and  "  with  sincere  concern  I  la- 
ment my  departure  from  the  paths  of  righteousness, 
and  my  disregard  of  your  brotherly  advice  tendered 
me  in  gospel  love,"  &c.  This  heartfelt,  acknowledg- 
ment of  this  once  zealous  advocate  of  war  was  received 
with  unanimity. 


The  bloodthirsty  dogs  went  on  to  a  farm, 
two  miles  distant,  where  they  killed  several 
sheep,  and  wounded  others  ;  but  a  few  nights 
later,  they  were  surprised  at  their  destructive 
work,  by  men  with  loaded  guns,  and  but  one 
escaped,  which  left  the  neighborhood. 

Boys,  be  kind  to  the  live-stock  ;  we  believe 
very  few  girls  need  the  hint.  C. 

Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  Seventh  mo.  7th,  18S4. 

Sowing  Wild  Oats. 

From  "Letters  to  Young  Men"  by  J.  M.  Buck- 
ley in  the  Christian  Advocate. 
It  is  freqently  said  that  young  men  must 
soiv  their  wild  oats,  and  some  things  make  the 
statement  plausible.  Reason  is  developed 
more  slowly  than  the  passions.  The  passions, 
like  unbroken  colts,  are  struggling  for  the 
mastery,  while  the  will,  like  the  inexperienced 
rider,  sits  uneasily  in  his  seat,  and  is  fre- 
quently dismounted.  Youth  is  a  period  of 
intense  excitement — activity  of  the  whole 
system  of  muscle,  blood,  brain  and  nerve.  It 
seems  to  the  aged  like  intoxication.  They 
can  hardly  imagine  that  they  were  so  reck- 
less and  excitable.  Young  men  are  full  of  en- 
thusiasm and  hope.  New  scenes,  new  events, 
pleasures  of  social  life,  increasing  suscepti- 
bility, and  the  principle  of  growth,  explain, 
if  they  do  not  fully  account  for,  their  ardor. 
Their'feelings  have  been  appropriately  called 
sanguine  because  of  their  close  connection 
with  the  circulation  of  the  blood.  Passion 
rages,  and  many  whose  passions  defy  the 
feeble  restraints  of  reason,  urge  them  beyond 
all  limits  of  safety  and  hope.  The  poet's 
figure  is  not  extravagant, 

The  ocean  lashed  to  fury  loud, 

Its  high  wave  mingling  with  the  cloud, 

Is  peaceful,  sweet  serenity 

To  passion's  dark  and  boundless  sea. 

The  judgment  of  young  men  cannot  be 
mature.  They  have  met  with  few  disappoint- 
ments, and  therefore  are  self-reliant.  They 
speak  of  the  great  things  which  they  will 
accomplish  when  once  they  are  freed  from 
the  clogs  which  anxious  parents  have  at- 
tached to  them,  and  will  sometimes  threaten, 
if  their  impracticable  wishes  are  not  gratified, 
to  leave  borne  or  to  give  up  the  position  which 
has  been  secured  for  them,  and  seek  their 
fortune  elsewhere.  They  will  often  disparage 
their  emploj-ers,  and  ridicule  the  methods  by 
which  these  very  employers  have  attained 
their  positions  and  fortunes.  In  such  a  state 
of  mind  the  natural  tendency  is  to  sow  wild 
oats.  Fortunate,  indeed,  are  those  whose 
parents  are  sufficiently  wise  and  loving,  and 
determined,  to  check  them  at  the  right  time, 
and  divert  the  impetuous  stream  of  passion 
into  the  channel  of  useful  effort  and  merited 
success.  Happy  are  those  whose  early  errors 
entangle  them  in  perplexities  so  serious  that 
they  will  be  deterred  from  venturing  further 
on  the  stormy  and  uncertain  sea  where  the 
wrecks  of  barks  once  as  gay  and  light  as 
theirs  may  sometimes  drift  near  their  thought- 
less course  to  warn  them  to  shorten  sail  and 
quickly  put  into  some  safe  harbor. 

Those  absent  from  home  and  living  in  large 
cities — as  clerks  in  mercantile  houses,  banks, 
or  offices,  especially  if  they  "come  from  smaller 
cities  and  towns,  are  exposed  to  countless 
temptations.  The  companionship  of  fellow- 
clerks  is  often  very  dangerous.  It  must  be  a 
remarkable  establishment,  if  of  large  size,  in 
which  there  are  not  at  all  times  several  clerks 


39G 


THE    FRIEND. 


who  are  sowing  wild  oats.  Some  of  these 
may,  for  a  time,  be  among  the  most  successfu 
•salesmen  and  popular  young  men.  Some 
thing  in  their  dash  and  fluency  and  "style' 
renders  them  very  attractive  to  a  certair 
class  of  dealers.  When  business  is  dull,  and 
hour  after  hour  passes  away  in  light  and  loose 
talk,  the  youth  from  the  country,  if  his  prin 
ciples  have  not  been  well  fortified,  is  liable  to 
be  led  astray. 

The  mere  fact  of  being  a  stranger  occasions 
many  temptations.  A  boarding-house  is  not 
vary  attractive.  It  is  not  convenient  to  have 
a  fire  in  the  sleeping-room,  and  a  boarding 
house  is  of  all  places  the  most  unlike  home. 

Young  men  pursuing  an  education  at  the 
expense  of  parents  or  guardians  are  in  great 
danger.  He  who  is  educating  himself,  who 
works  at  his  trade  in  the  intervals  of  study, 
or  teaches  school,  practising  the  most  rigid 
economy  to  obtain  the  means  of  pursuing 
his  studies,  is  comparatively  free  from  danger. 
The  horse  which  draws  heavy  loads  twelve 
or  fourteen  hours  a  day  is  not  likely  to  run 
away  from  wantonness  or  spirit.  So  the 
hard-working  student  will  have  no  surplus 
energy.  Such  a  student  must  have  a  decided 
character,  and  fixed  purposes  to  hold  him  to 
it.  His  course  of  action  shows  that  he  has  to 
a  great  extent  mastered  his  passions.  Such 
men  seldom,  though  occasionally,  become  dis- 
sipated. It  is  not  so  with  a  student  whose 
expenses  are  provided  for  without  concern 
to  himself.  He  pursues  his  studies  during 
term  time,  leaving  the  vacation  of  three  or 
four  months  to  be  disposed  of  as  he  will.  He 
is  in  great  peril — not  so  great  as  if,  with  the 
same  temperament,  he  went  alone  into  a  great 
city,  but  still  in  much  danger.  The  children 
of  the  wealthj'  and  of  those  in  easy  cireum 
stances  are  in  peril.  Sons  of  the  poor  are 
compelled  to  work,  and  the  ardor  which  would 
effervesce  in  revelry  is  employed  in  labo 
Sons  of  the  rich  have  nothing  that  they  must 
do.  Sons  of  the  poor  have  little  or  no  money 
to  spend.  The  principle  of  economy  is  urged 
upon  them  continually.  Sons  of  the  rich 
most  cases  have,  if  not  all  they  wish,  yet  a 
great  deal  more  than  they  need.  The  chil 
dren  of  the  poor  are  busy;  those  of  the  rich 
are  at  leisure  a  great  part  of  the  time. 

The   history   of  families    that    have   risen 
from  poverty  to  considerable  wealth   is 
structive. 

The  children  born  while  their  parents  are 
poor — that  is,  the  older  children,  are  much 
more  likely  to  become  successful  and  steady 
men  and  women  than  those  who  are  younger. 
This  is  not  always  the  case,  but  very  often. 
It  rises  partly  from  the  fact  that  the  parents 
are  always  more  indulgent  to  the  youngest 
children. 

What  is  "Sowing  Wild  Oats?"  It  often 
appears  in  a  disregard  for  reputation  and  the 
conditions  of  success — industry,  regularity, 
prudence,  and  fidelity.  In  lotteries  there  are 
a  few  large  prizes,  but  the  majority  draw 
blanks.  So  there  are  a  few  cases  of  great 
financial  or  political  success  which  have  been 
stumbled  on.  But  the  multitudo  who  wait 
for  such  streaks  of  fortune  die  poor  and  de- 
spised. The  young  man  who  sows  wild  oats 
disregards  the  proverb,  "Seest  thou  a  man 
diligent  in  his  business?  he  shall  stand  before 
kings  ;  he  shall  not  stand  before  mean  men." 
For  a  time  he  may  attempt  to  serve  business 
and  his  passions.  The  struggle  will  be  in- 
effectual.    When  pleaded  with  by  his  parents! 


he  will  be  likely  to  say,  "I  don't  care  what 
people  think  of  me.  1  can  take  Care  of  my- 
self. If  I  lose  this  place  I  can  get  another. 
It  is  no  one's  business  what  I  do.  What  con- 
cern of  my  employer's  is  it  what  I  do  when 
I  am  out  of  the  store  ?" 

Solving  wild  oats  involves  disregard  of  the 
laws  of  health.  The  young  man  pays  no 
more  attention  to  his  health  than  he  is  com 
pelled  to  bj-  pain  or  uneasiness.  He  dances 
until  three  in  the  morning,  or  plays  whist  as 
long.  He  frequents  the  theatre  two  or  three 
times  in  the  week,  smokes  all  the  time,  and 
drinks  whenever  he  is  asked  or  has  the  notion 
to  ask  others.  Dissipation  is  the  one  word 
which  expresses  his  course — a  word  which 
defines  the  conduct  of  one  who  "wastes  time, 
money,  and  health  in  the  gratification  of 
vicious  propensities."  Licentiousness  is  gener- 
allj-  included,  and  often  the  seducer  who  de 
serves  death  is  only  sowing  wild  oats. 

(To  be  concluded.) 


FRUIT  AND  FLOWERS. 
O  Painter  of  the  fruits  and  flowers  ! 

We  thank  thee  for  thy  wise  design, 
Whereby  these  human  hands  of  ours 

In  Nature's  garden  work  with  thine. 

And  thanks  that  from  our  daily  need 

The  joy  of  simple  faith  is  born  ; 
That  he  who  smites  the  summer  weed 

May  trust  thee  for  the  autumn  corn. 

Give  fools  their  gold  and  knaves  their  power, 
Let  fortune's  bubbles  rise  and  fall  ; 

Who  sows  a  field,  or  trains  a  flower, 
Or  plants  a  tree,  is  more  than  all. 

For  he  who  pleases  most  is  blest ; 

And  God  and  man  shall  own  his  worth, 
Who  toils  to  leave  as  his  bequest 

An  added  beauty  to  the  earth. 

And  soon  or  late,  to  all  that  sow, 
The  time  of  harvest  shall  be  given  ; 

The  flower  shall  blonru,  the  fruit  shall  grow, 
If  not  on  earth,  at  last  in  heaven. 

—J.  G.  Whiifer. 


Oil,  to  be  nothing,  nothing, 

Only  to  lie  at  his  feet, 
A  broken  and  emptied  vessel, 

For  the  Master's  use  made  meet — 
Emptied  that  He  might  till  me 

As  forth  to  his  service  I  go; 
Broken,  that  so  unhindered, 

His  life  through  me  might  flow. 

Oil,  to  be  nothing,  nothing, 

Only  as  led  by  his  hand; 
A  messenger  at  his  gateway, 

Only  waiting  for  his  command  ; 
Only  an  instrument  ready 

His  praises  to  sound  at  his  will, 
Willing,  should  He  not  require  me, 

In  silence  to  wait  on  Him  still. 

Oh,  to  be  nothing,  nothing, 

Painful  the  humbling  may  be; 
Yet  low  in  the  dust  I'd  lay  me 

That  the  world  might  my  Saviour  see. 
Rather  be  nothing,  nothing, 

To  Him  let  their  voices  be  raised; 
He  is  the  Fountain  of  blessing 

He  only  is  meet  to  be  praised. 


Selected. 


Should  pining  sickness  waste  away 
My  life  in  premature  decay, 
In  life  or  death  teach  me  to  say, 
Thy  will,  my  God,  be  done  1 

Renew  my  will  from  day  to  day, 
Blend  it  with  Thine,  and  take  away 
Whate'er  now  makes  it  hard  to  say, 
Thv  will,  mv  God,  be  done  1 


That  only  is  a  legitimate  business  transae 
tion  where  there  is  mutual  advantage  to  th« 
parties  concerned.  This  is  a  universal  truth 
Before  the  tribunal  of  a  pure  morality  nc 
other  definition  of  a  legitimate  business  trails 
action  will  stand.  Wlien  one  wants  to  sell 
and  another  desires  to  buy,  both  are  served 
by  the  buying  and  the  selling.  So  far  th« 
transaction  is  legitimate.  Fraud  may  be  in- 
troduced ;  the  seller  may  take  advantage  ol 
the  binder's  ignorance,  or  of  his  necessities 
but  these  considerations  are  superadded  ;  they 
involve  other  relationships  than  those  now 
before  us.  Considered  simply  as  a  business 
procedure,  a  method  of  transferring  property 
from  one  person  to  another,  it  is  legitimate  il 
it  contemplates  advantage  to  both  parties. 

In  a  gambling  transaction,  on  the  othei 
hand,  the  interests  are  antagonistic;  gain  odj 
one  side  is  measured  by  loss  on  the  other, 
This  is  mostreadilj-  recognized  in  a  game  for 
stakes,  for  example,  or  in  a  bet,  where  one 
loses  and  tho  other  wins,  and  both  cannot 
possibly  be  advantaged.  The  evil  of  gambling 
lies  in  this,  that  it  appeals  to  a  passion,  the 
greed  of  gain,  and  arrays  a  man  against  his 
neighbor — contravening  the  roj-al  law  of  love. 
No  man  can  indulge  in  gambling  without 
feeding  a  lust,  searing  his  conscience,  and  ob- 
terating  all  moral  distinctions. — Selected. 

"In  these  days,  when  many  are  bowing 
down  to  physical  and  intellectual  well-being, 
as  the  gods  of  their  idolatry,  it  is  well  to 
ecognize  the  fact  that  the  sacrifice  of  these 
is  not  always  sinful,  but  that,  in  certain  cases, 
it  ma}'  be  the  only  honorable  and  virtuous 
course  for  one  to  pursue.  Bodity  health,  in- 
tellectual vigour,  and  balanced  mental  culture, 
are  great  goods  ;  but  to  many  they  are  the 
price  for  which  they  sell  their  souls.  Theraj 
are  higher  goods  than  these,  and  whenever 
duty  demands  the  sacrifice  of  the  lower  goods, 
the  sacrifice  should  be  made,  if  not  joyfully, 
at  least  willingly.  Be  as  healthy  as  you  fairiy 
can  ;  cultivate  your  intellect  as  best  .yomj 
rightly  can  ;  get  all  the  knowledge  you  pro-; 
perly  can  :  but  whenever  plain  duty  calls  for! 
the  perilling  of  health,  or  intellectual  well- 
being,  or  the  means  of  winning  knowledge, 
do  not  attempt  to  persuade  3-ourself  that  the 
supposed  duty  of  guarding  these  outweighs 
all  else;  but  do  the  right,  trusting  in  God  fori 
the  result;  in  the  knowledge,  that  in 
sight  obedience  is  better  than  a  first-class 
education,  or  a  vigorous  intellect,  or  oveni 
faultless  health,  however  heretical  that  may 
seem  to  some  of  our  godless  scientists." 


In  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  we  can   see  tho 
way  out  of  a  trouble,  so  soon  as  we  see  clearly 
what  was  the  way  into  it,   by  determinedly 
looking  at  our  faults  or  mistakes  in  the  trans- 
action, and  at  the  other's  cause  of  misconcep- 
tion,  or  at  his  possible  entire  correctness  of 
position.     If,  meanwhile,  the  other  is  doing 
the  same  thing,  as  each  party  ought  to  do  it, 
the  trouble  is  practically  over  before  a  word 
said  on  either  side  ;  although    both  parties 
are  ready  and  willing  to  say  words  which  wi 
how  that  the  difficulty  is  removed,  so  soon 
s  the  opportunity  offers.     Looking  inward 
with   a  critical   mind,   and   looking  outward 
with  a  charitable  spirit,   will  bring  to  an  end 
misunderstanding  with  another,  moresurely 
than  any  other  way  of  determined  looking  or 
determined  working.     It  is  a  plan  worth  try- 
ing  by  any  of  us. 


THE    FRIEND. 


S97 


The  Oil  Wells  of  Baku. 

Notwithstanding  tbc  fact  that  the  oil  wells 
>f  Baku  have  been  known  for  over  fifty  years, 
t  is  only  within  two  or  three  years  that  they 
lave  been  worked  to  any  extent,  and  only 
within  a  few  months  that  the  public  gener- 
illy  have  bad  the  fact  of  their  existence  thrust 
lpon  their  attention.  Baku  is  situated  on 
,he  shore  of  the  Caspian,  and  in  this  respect 
las  a  great  advantage  over  our  own  oil-pro- 
lucing  district. 

The  cause  of  Baku  having  been  brought  so 
inexpectedly  and  suddenly  before  the  public 
jotice,  is  due  perhaps  to  the  fact  that  the 
veils  have  been  brought  under  the  control  of 
i  new  management,  who  have  spared  no  means 
>r  expense  to  bring  the  wells  into  the  most 
lerfect  working  condition,  and  who  have  had 
,he  keenness  to  perceive  that  it  was  not  the 
sxpensein  procuring  and  storing  the  oil  which 
•endered  the  petroleum  high  priced  by  the 
;ime  it  reached  the  market,  but  the  awkward 
facilities  of  transportation  at  that  time  afford- 
sd;  and  it  has  been  to  this  that  the  energies 
)f  the  new  company  have  been  principally 
iirected,  and  in  this  their  efforts  have  been 
•ewarded  with  success,  for  Baku  has  been  con- 
lected  with  the  Black  Sea  by  a  partially 


sist  the  strongest  pressure,  in  spite  of  a  filtra- 
tion through  it,  as  occurred  when  the  Droojba 
fountain  was  stopped.  With  but  a  few  excep- 
tions, every  care  is  taken  by  the  well  borers 
to  prevent  wells  becoming  fountains  beyond 
control.  The  Droojba  catastrophe  was  due 
to  an  accident.  The  well  was  properly  capped 
over,  and  it  was  while  improving  and  strength- 
ening the  cap  that  the  oil  suddenly  blew  it  off 
and  spouted  300  feet  high.  It  then  became, 
of  course,  beyond  control.     In  a  few  days  tb 


nearly  all  of  the  refineries  dense  clouds  of 
smoke  rise  and  blacken  the  atmosphere. 

Baku  is  a  very  extensive  town,  with  a  large 
population,  and  possesses  all  the  resources  of 
civilization.  An  idea  of  its  shipping  may  be 
formed  from  the  fact  that  seven  thousand  ves- 
sels enter  and  leave  the  port  every  year.  Pas- 
senger steamers  run  regularly  between  it  and 
towns  on  the  Volga. 

The  distance  from  Baku  to  Astrachan,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Volga,  is  five  hundred  and 


grit  carried  up  with  the  oil  ground  to  pieces(  sixty  miles,  and  from  Astrachan  the  product 
the  huge  and  massive  beams  at  the  top  of  the  is   transported    up    the    river    to    Tsaritzin 


whence  it  is  carried  by  rail  to  the  interior  of 
tbo  Empire. —  The  Record. 


Light  in  a  Dark  Place. 

In  the  10th  month  last  a  young  man  named 
Hara  Saneaki,  who  had  been  an  active  Chris- 


derrick. 

Some  weeks  ago  a  report  circulated  in  the 
English  press  that  one  of  the  oil  fountains  at 
Baku  bad  spouted  with  such  force  as  to  frac- 
ture a  three-inch  cast-iron  plate  placed  over 
the  orifice  to  divert  the  stream.    This  was  on 

the  face  of  it  erroneous,  the  real  circumstances  tian  in  Tokio,  was  arrested  for  some  political 
being  these:  When  the  oil  is  projected  it  car-  offence,  and  after  examination,  taken  to  a  jail, 
ries  with  it  the  grit  with  such  force  as  to  con-  where  there  were  several  others.  For  a  while 
vert  its  volume  into  a  sort  of  liquid  grind-some  of  the  worst  men  occupied  the  time  in 
stone.  If  an  iron  plate  be  placed  in  contact  conversation  on  various  subjects,  but  at  last 
with  the  stream,  the  sand  in  the  oil  literally,  Hara  San  gained  their  attention,  and  improv- 
grinds  it  to  pieces  in  a  few  hours.  The  first  ed  the  opportunity  to  teach  them  about  Chris- 
caps  that  were  used  at  the  Balakhani  wells  tianity.  He  spent  the  night  in  explaining  the 
were  completely  destroyed  in  this  manner,  doctrine  of  the  Bible,  and  the  next  day  they 
Messrs.  Noble  Brothers' have  one  at  their  of-  asked  to  hear  still  more  about  the  way  of 
inished  railroad,  since  1881,  which  road  was'fice  at  Baku  preserved  as  a  curiosity,  which  salvation.  Thus  each  day  was  spent  in  Chris- 
nonopolized  during  that  period  by  a  single  j  was  worn  into  boles  in  a  few  hours,  although  tian  work.  After  the  trial  and  sentence  to 
ffimpany.  The  road  lias  recently  been  thrown  three  inches  thick.  It  was  this  circumstance  confinement  for  three  months,  be  was  hand- 
)pen  to  the  public,  however,  and  the  petro-  that  led  to  the  invention  of  a  special  kind  of  cuffed  and  tied  about  his  waist  and  taken  to 
eum  is  now  introduced  into  the  European  cap  fitted  with  sliding  valves.  As  might  be  the  Ichikawa  prison.  In  that  place  he  found 
narket  at  very  much  reduced  rates,  and  has. imagined,  when  a  fountain  spouts  as  high  as  that  one  man  was  regarded  as  the  head,  and 
secome  a  very  formidable  rival  to  its  Ameri-j the  monument,  it  forms  round  about  the  had  great  influence  and  special  privileges. 
;an  cousin.  mouth  of  the  well  immense  shoals  of  sand,  This  man  looked  at  Hara  San  very  closely  for 

The  wells  are  by  no  means  as  deep  as  our' which  extend  sometimes  to  the  distance  of  a  little  time,  and  then  cried,  "  Are  you  not  the 
wells  on  this  side  the  water,  and  some  of  their  100  yards  from  it.    Houses  are  not  infrequent-  man  who  once  preached  the  doctrine  of  Cbris- 

aest  producing  drives  are  not  more  that  500  \y  completely  buried  in  these  mounds,  and  the  tianity  at  the  store  of  J ,  in  Tokio?"     He 

'eet  deep,  while  the  deepest  well  of  Nobel  mouths  of  neighboring  wells  covered  for  a  replied  that  he  had  done  so,  and  asked  why 
Bros.,  who  are  the  largest  owners  in  this  re-!  time,  involving  heavy  claims  for  compensa-  he  wished  to  know.  The  man  said:  "I  had 
*ion,  is  but  735  feet  in  depth,  and  the  yield  ,tion.  |  broken  one  of  the  laws  of  the  land,  and  was 

irom  this  drive  is  perfectly  enormous.  As  soon  as  the  oil  ceases  to  spout  pumping  a  great  sinner;  and  when  I  heard  the  teach- 

Boring  for  petroleum  in  the  Apsheron  pen-  j8  resorted  to.  On  attaining  the  surface  the  ings  of  the  Gospel  I  repented  of  my  evil  con- 
nsula  is  conducted  much  in  the  same  manner  oil  runs  through  wooden  pipes  to  channels  duct,  and  attended  such  meetings  to  hear  and 
is  that  for  coal.  An  iron  bit,  gouge  shaped, 'outside  the  derrick,  whence  it  makes  its  way  learn  more  of  the  religion  of  Jesus  Christ.  I 
is  fitted  to  a  boring  bar  eight  feet  or  ten  feet  J  to  ponds.  These,  as  often  as  not,  are  simply  also  purchased  a  copy  of  the  Scriptures  and 
,n  length,  which  is  successively  fitted  to  other  natural  hollows  in  the  ground,  with  a  rough  began  to  study  them.  In  the  meantime  my 
engtbs  as  the  depth  of  the  piercing  increases.  Sand  embankment  around  them.  After  stand-  crime  was  discovered,  and  I  was  sent  to  this 
When  the  oil  is  touched  there  is  usually  a  i  n  g  awhile  to  rid  itself  of  the  sand,  the  oil  is' prison."  He  then  showed  his  Bible,  and  said: 
engthened  discharge  of  light  carburetted  hy-'plimp0d  into  iron  reservoirs,  and  then  is  piped  j"  I  have  been  reading  this  book  very  carefully, 
irogen.  Sometimes  this  pours  up  the  pipe  to  the  refineries,  eight  or  ten  miles  distant  at  but  as  I  am  only  an  ignorant  man  there  is 
with  terrific  force,  roaring  so  loudly  that  Baku.  Some  of  these  ponds  are  so  large  as  very  much  which  I  do  not  understand.  I  de- 
nothing  can  be  heard  alongside  the  well.  As  to  merit  the  appellation  of  lakes.  They  often  sire  that  you  would  teach  me  while  you  re- 
Dften  as  not,  grit  is  carried  up  with  it,  and  contain  man}-  million  gallons,  wasting  tbeirmain  in  the  prison.  I  hope  to  learn  much 
Bnally  comes  the  oil.  Directly  the  gas  begins  goodness  on  the  desert  air.  The  whole  ex-jabout  the  way  of  life  and  peace."  Not  rely- 
to  blow,  all  haste  is  made  to  withdraw  the  panse  of  the  Balakhani  plateau  is  dotted  with  ing  on  his  own  strength  or  wisdom,  but 
boring  rod  and  fasten  a  kalpak,  or  iron  cap, i  them.  looking  to  God  for  help,  Hara  San  gave  him 

wer  the  orifice.     This  is  fitted  with  a  sliding  j      At  present  there  are   eight  pipe   lines  in  assistance  day  and   night.     The  others  also 
ve  to  regulate  the  passage  of  the  gas  and1  operation  conveying  the  oil  from  the  wells  to  became   eager  to    hear    tho   Gospel,   and  he 
Should  the  well  be  successfully  capped 'the  refineries.  preached  to  about  three  hundred  criminals, 

jver,  the  chief  danger  of  an  irrepressible  foun-       The  refining  operations  are  carried  on  at  As  the  result  of  these  labors  he  had  no  trou- 

l-nin  is  rpmnvprl    hnf,  it  nfton   hnnnpns  t ha t.  f  hf>  I  „!,„+  ;„  \rnm„„    no    t\,a    Tilnr.l.-  Tnirn   I  Tr-hnrni    (j]e  durinf  the  three    months    be    remained  in 

prison,  but  was  treated  with  great  considera- 
tion and  kindness.  It  is  common  for  prison- 
ers to  meet  with  very  cruel  treatment,  and 
many  have  died  on  account  of  the  exposure 
and  suffering.  He  was  abundant!}'  supplied 
with  both  food  and  clothing  by  the  thought- 
fulness  of  those  he  had  made  his  friends  by 
reason  of  his  efforts  to  teach  them.  He  says 
that  if  be  bad  not  known  the  doctrine  or 
taught  it,  he  would  not  have  had  such  con- 
sideration, and  probably  would  never  have 
come  out  alive.  In  a  letter  he  says  :  "  God 
has  truly  blessed  me  greatly;  and  when  I 
reflect  on  all  his  goodness,  my  heart  is  filled 


tain  is  removed,  but  it  often  happens  that  the  J  what  is  known  as  the  Black  Town  (Tchorni 
ail  follows  too  fast,  and  then  nothing  can  be ;  Gorod)  at  Baku.  Baku  is  situated  on  a 
done  to  cheek  the  outburst  of  petroleum  until  magnificent  bay,  with  deep  water  close  in 
its  force  moderates.  Last  year,  when  tbe  en-jshore.  An  island,  lying  across  the  mouth, 
gineers  at  Nobel  Brothers'  No.  25  well  struck  serves  as  a  breakwater, "and  renders  the  bay 
oil,  the  gas  exploded  and  blew  into  the  air  500  gafe  f01.  shipping  in  the  roughest  weather, 
feet  of  boring  rod  before  it  could  be  removed.!  The  northern  side  of  the  bay  is  taken  up 
Formerly  the  tubes  were  sunk  without  any  with  the  railway  terminus  and  wharf  and  the 
packing  round  the  top.  The  consequence  two  hundred  refineries,  the  latter  of  which 
was  that  when  they  were  capped  the  pipes  form  quite  a  town  of  themselves.  As  the 
burst.  To  obviate  this  it  has  been  the  cus-!  name  implies,  the  Black  Town  is  a  filthy, 
torn  for  some  years  past  to  dig  down  twenty  dirty  hole,  consisting  of  greasy  stone  build- 
feet  or  thirty  feet  round  about  the  mouth  of  ingSi  surrounded  by  high  stone  walls,  and 
the  well,  and  fill  it  up  with  a  concrete  or  as-  divided,  the  one  property  from  the  other,  by 
phalt  setting.     If  this  be  well  done,  it  will  re-  regular  quagmires   of  mud    and  .oil.     From 


THE    FRIEND. 


with  gratitude  and  my  eyes  with  tears."  In 
testimony  of  God's  grace,  he  now  calls  his 
house.  "Ten  faku  do,"  or  the  place  of  heaven's 
blessing. — H.  Loomis,  in  Christian  Advocate. 

Broadhurst,  M.  P.,  who  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  earnest  friends  of  the  -working 
classes  in  Great  Britain,  said  recently  at  a 
public  meeting  in  London,  that  he  had  work- 
ed, up  to  within  ten  j-ears  ago,  as  a  journey- 
man stonemason  at  some  of  the  largest  build- 
ings in  this  country,  and  his  work  was  of 
no  light  character.  He  found  he  could  get 
through  his  work  much  better  during  the 
day  without  the  beer,  and  left  off  work  in  the 
evening  much  stronger  and  less  tired  than  if 
he  had  drunk  beer  (luring  his  working  hours. 
His  work  at  the  present  time,  while  of  a  no 
less  arduous  character,  was  of  a  different  na- 
ture, and  he  could  express  his  honest  belief 
that  it  would  be  impossible  for  him  to  sustain 
himself  during  the  usual  hard  day's  work  of 
a  member  of  Parliament  if  he  were  notalmost 
a  tetotaller.  One  of  the  greatest  obstacles  to 
the  progress  of  the  working  people,  so  far  as 
the  skilled  mechanics  were  concerned,  was 
certainly  the  drink,  for  workmen  who  spent 
their  time  in  the  public  house,  were  always  a 
drag  and  an  obstacle  to  every  forward  move 
meat  made  by  the  working  classes. 


Billy,  having  never  known  a  wild  life,  cared 
nothing  for  liberty;  if  lost  in  the  forest,  as 
happened  once  or  twice,  he  soon  brought  us 
to  him  by  his  screams.  He  slept  in  a  little 
basket,  but  generally  broke  out  before  morn- 
ing and  climbed  to  my  wife's  bed,  nesting  on 
her  shoulder.  Sometimes  we  carried  him  in 
the  basket  while  on  our  journeys,  and  he  was 
always  well  contented  so  long  as  he  felt  that 
he  was  moving.  Our  first  attempt  to  carry 
him  on  horse-back  resulted  well  until  Bill}' 
noticed  the  horse;  then  a  scream  of  terror 
was  followed  by  a  wild  rush  for  some  hiding 
place,  and  he  eventually  took  refuge  in  the 
top  of  one  of  my  riding-boots.  He  was  in- 
tensely afraid  of  cats  and  dogs,  but  cared 
nothing  for  birds,  turtles  or  snakes. 

The  monkey  ate  almost  any  vegetable,  and 
even  a  little  meat ;  he  was  especially  fond  of 
almonds  and  of  cheese,  both  of  which  gener- 
ally resulted  in  indigestion.  He  also  had  an 
undue  fondness  for  tragacanth  paste,  which 
we  sometimes  used  in  our  work,  and  if  we 
covered  the  paste  cup  he  would  spend  hours 
trying  to  pry  the  cover  off.  Being  spoiled, 
he  was  rather  sauc}',  helping  himself  without 
ceremony,  especially  to  the  sugar  and  milk. 

When  we  first  brought  him  home  Billy's 
curiosity  was  much  excited  bj7  the  looking- 
Iglassin  which  he  saw,  as  he  supposed,  another 
jmonkey;    having  tried  in  vain  to  reach  his 


Mn+„„„1    n;„+™„    o„-„  „„    p  playmate  from  the  front,  he  looked  around 

Natural   History,   Science,  &C.  |the  glass  and  was  evidently  disappointed  at 

Tame  Marmoset. — "I  may  here  devote  a  finding  nothing  there  ;  this  performance  was 
page  to  our  tame  monkey,  Bildad  or  Billy  as  repeated  at  intervals  for  some  days,  but  after 
we  generally  called  him.  This  was  a  very  awhile  he"  became  accustomed  to  the  phe- 
smallgraymarmosetfromPernambuco,which  nomenon  and  did  not  notice  it  further. 
I  had  bought  of  a  sailor  in  Rio  de  Janeiro.  As  the  cold  weather  came  on  Billy  grew 
Being  much  petted,  and  allowed  to  run  about  sickly,  keeping  much  to  the  shelter  of  his 
as  he  pleased,  he  became  very  tame.  He  was  basket.  One  "morning  he  woke  in  strong 
especially  attached  to  my  wife,  spending  hours  convulsions,  which  were  followed  by  others 
on  her  shoulder  or  on  her  head,  bis  four  arms  in  quick  succession.  Coming  out  of  the  last 
spread  out  and  his  hands  clinging  fast  to  he  lay  quiet  for  a  moment  and  we  had  hopes 
her  hair;  if  she  put  her  hat  on  over  bim  so  of  saving  him  ;  but,  as  my  wife  extended  her1 
much  the  better;  if'neither  head  nor  shoulder  hand  to'  him,  he  stood  up  with  an  effort  and 
could  be  had,  he  would  crawl  up  a  sleeve  or  fell  over  dead.  I  suppose  there  was  not  a 
under  a  vest,  always  turning  to  poke  his  in-  dry  eye  in  the  house  when  we  buried  him — ' 
quisitive  face  out  to  see  if  we  were  observing  my  w'ife  had  resented  as  sacrilege  the  idea  of 
bim.  When  in  a  playful  mood,  he  delighted,  saving  his  skin  for  a  specimen.— and  we  all 
as  a  child  might,  in  a  game  of  dodging  from  agreed  that  no  more  playful  and  affectionate1 
side  to  side  behind  a  cushion  and  keeping  up  pet  had  ever  been  seen." — H.  H.  Smith  in' 
the  game  as  long  as  anybody  would  dodge  American  Naturalist. 

after  him.  About  once  a  day  Billy  was  seized  i  Ensilage. — The  investigations  of  Pasteur 
with  a  wild  spirit  of  fun.  He  would  leap  from  have  shown  that  the  true  ferments,  such  as 
one  to  the  other,  rushing  over  us  from  feet  yeast,  are  living  organisms,  belonging  to  the 
to  head,  snapping  at  our  noses,  playing  bo-  class  of  fungi,  and  that  fermentation  is  a  func- 
peep  from  our  sleeves,  and  throwing  himself  tion  of  their  vital  activity.  These  organisms 
on  his  back  to  bite  his  own  toes  in  an  ecstasy  increase  in  numbers  at  the  expense  of  the 
of  enjoyment.  W  hen  left  to  his  own  resources  substance  fermented.  These  fungi  are  termed 
he  ran  about  the  house,  sunned  himself  in  a  bacteria,  and  their  germs  are  ever  present  in 
neighboring  tree,  or  caught  flies  by  approach-  the  air.  When  the  life  of  the  bacteria  is  de- 
ing  them  very  slowly  and  grabbing  them  stroyed,  and  this  takes  place  at  a  temperature 
with  one  hand.  If  long  neglected  he  became  [of  from  122°  to  140°,  the  processes  of  fermenta- 
aggrieved  ;  and  gave  vent  to  his  troubles  in  tion  or  putrefaction  cease,  and  cannot  be  re- 
a  series  of  shrill  screams.  But  the  exceeding  newed  until  the  living  ferments  are  again 
force  of  his  vocal  powers  was  only  displayed  introduced.  The  canned  articles  of  food,  now 
when    we    punished    him,   or   when    he   was  so  common,  are  an  illustration  of  this  process. 


washed.  Then  indeed  his  lamentations  be- 
came shrieks,  and  every  line  of  bis  face  evinced 
his  abhorrence  and  wrath.  On  such  occa- 
sions Billy  could  only  be  appeased  with  a 
comb  ;  for  to  be  combed  was  his  idea  of  per- 
fect happiness.  As  soon  as  he  felt  the  de- 
lightful touch  all  sounds  would  cease;  with 
eyes  fixed  on  vacancy  and  face  expressive  of 
bliss,  he  would  stretch  out  all  four  arms  and 
lie  quite  still  as  long  as  we  pleased  to  comb 
him. 


In  their  preparation  heat  is  applied,  which 
kills  the  bacteria — the  active  agents  of  fer- 
mentation—ami  the  cans  are  then  sealed  to 
prevent  the  introduction  of  a  fresh  supply  of 
germs  from  the  atmosphere.  The  green  corn 
fodder  and  other  vegetable  products  which 
are  packed  in  pits  or  buildings  for  winter 
use,  and  covered  with  plank  weighted  down 
with  stones,  arc  designed  to  be  in  the  condi- 
tion of  vegetables  that  are  canned.  Dr.  .Mills, 
in  an  article  in  Popular  Science  Monthly,  sug- 


gests that  if  the  fodder  is  less  closely  packed, 
and  the  cover  and  weights  not  placed  ori^ 
until  the  temperature  of  the  mass  has  risen 
to  115°  or  120°,  the  heat  will  kill  the  bacteria, 
and  the  ensilage  be  prevented  from  souring. 

Effect  of  Wind  on  Vegetable  Growth.  On 
the  level  coasts  of  New  Jersey  it  has  often 
been  observed  that  none  of  the  trees  exposed 
to  the  full  action  of  the  winds  could  rise  above 
the  general  level  of  its  fellows — any  aspiring 
shoot  being  soon  beaten  down  by  the  force 
of  the  wind.  Hence  these  trees  were  all  level- 
topped,  and  the  force  of  vegetation  was  ex-, 
pended  in  horizontal  growths. 

The  same  peculiarity  was  noticed  by  Dr;i 
Coppinger  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  He 
says  :  "  Whenever  a  mass  of  bushes  happens 
to  be  exposed  to  the  prevailing  westerly  wind, 
as  in  the  case  of  promontories  which  receive 
the  unbroken  blast  on  one  of  their  sides,  or 
of  exposed  islets  in  mid-channel,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  bushes  not  only  lean  away  per- 
manently from  the  direction  of  the  prevailing 
wind  (as  is  usual  everywhere),  but  that  their 
summits  are  cut  off  evenly  to  a  common  plane 
which  slopes  gently  upward,  and  thus  pre- 
sents as  trim  an  appearance  as  if  the  bushes 
had  been  carefully  clipped  to  that  shape  with 
a  gardening  shears.  Our  surveying  parties 
have  sometimes  been  disappointed  at  finding 
that  a  headland,  which  seemed  from  a  short 
distance  to  be  covered  with  an  inviting  man- 
tle of  short  grass,  and  which  therefore  looked 
a  convenient  place  on  which  to  establish  an 
observing  station,  was  in  reality  defended  by 
a  dense  growth  of  bushes,  which  exhibited 
the  phenomenon  in  question,  and  over,  under, 
or  through  which  it  was  almost  impossible  to 
get.  Sometimes  one  could  get  over  these! 
bushes  by  lying  down  at  full  length  and  rolling 
sideways  down  the  incline;  but  this  method 
was  objectionable,  for  it  was  sometimes  ten 
or  fifteen  feet  from  the  surface  to  the  hard 
ground  beneath.  The  reason  of  this  curious 
growth  is  obvious  enough.  Each  aspiring 
leafy  twig  that  happens  by  a  too  luxuriant 
growth  to  shoot  above  its  fellows,  is  cut  down 
by  the  relentless  blast  before  it  can  acquire 
strength  enough  to  make  good  its  footing; 
and  those  branches  alone  survive  in  the  strug- 
gle which  grow  uniformly  with  their  neigh- 
bors, and  which  thus  present  a  sufficiently 
compact  surface  to  withstand  the  blighting 
influence  of  the  westerly  gales." 


Items. 

_  — Intemperance  in  Russia.— The  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia appointed  a  commission,  some  months  ago,  to 
investigage  the  causes  and  remedies  for  the  increas- 
ing intemperance  in  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors  in 
his  dominions.  Of  this  commission,  the.  well-known 
statesman  and  diplomat,  Ignatieffi  was  the  Chair- 
man. As  a  result  of  their  investigations,  the  com- 
mission have  recommended  a  schedule  of  reforms. 
They  vest  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  in  every 
village  in  the  village  council.  There  shall  be  but 
one  drinking-house  in  any  village,  and  the  councils 
of  a  number  of  adjacent  villages  may  agree  that  but 
one  drinking-house  shall  suffice  for  them  all.  In 
each  of  these  houses,  tea,  coffee,  and  other  non- 
alcoholic drinks,  shall  be  kept  for  sale,  and  also  a 
supply  of  good  water  to  be  dispensed  free.  The 
keepeV  of  the  place  shall  be  a  resident  of  the  village, 
a  man  of  good  character,  and  he  shall  be  paid  a 
salary,  the  profits  of  the  business  to  go  to  the  village 
treasury  for  local  improvements.  The  commission 
provide  also  for  punishing  persons  found  drunk  in 
the  streets;  for  removing  and  fining  the  drink- 
vendor  if  he  sells  to  intoxicated  persons,  and  for 


THE    FRIEND. 


399 


losing-  the  drinking-house  in  any  village  by  the 
istrk't  governor,  if  the  council,  through  their  agent, 
onduct  it  in  an  improper  manner.  It  is  probable 
hat  the  Emperor  will  issue  these  propositions  in  a 
ecree. 

— Infidelity  abandoned. — In  a  tract  written  by  C. 
.  Whitmore,  of  England,  the  author  states  that 
.uring'thirty  years  spent  as  a  Christian  worker  in 
jondon,  he  came  into  contact  with  twenty  promi- 
ient  infidels,  most  of  them  lecturers  or  writers  on 
he  side  of  unbelief.  Of  these  sixteen  "left  their 
nfidelity,  turned  to  Christianity,  and  openly  pro- 
essed  their  belief  in  its  facts  and  teachings." 

The  tract  gives  the  initials,  and  an  outline  sketch 
f  these  individuals.  The  editor  of  an  atheistic  pa- 
ier  having  denied  the  accuracy  of  the  statement, 
lublishcd  a  detailed  account,  giving  his  views  of 
ach  of  the  sixteen  professed  converts  from  atheism. 
)ne  of  these  he  says  merely  professed  Christianity 
rom  pecuniary  motives,  and  really  died  a  free 
tiinker  ;  and  two  others,  he  asserts,  never  were  in- 
dels,  though  associated  with  them.  Of  nearly  all 
ie  others,  he  practically  admits  the  truth  of  Whit- 
lore's  statement. 

The  editor  of  the  Christian  Advocate,  in  comment- 
ig  on  the  above  facts,  adds  as  his  own  the  follow- 
]g  statements : 

"  I.  Some  of  the  ablest  infidels  we  have  ever  per- 
jnally  known,  have  renounced  infidelity  and  be- 
ouie  Christians. 

II.  Quite  a  large  number  in  the  aggregate  of  able 
linisters  of  the  Gospel  whose  acquaintance  we  have, 


THE    FRIEND. 


expressed  by  some  that  the  women  would  lose  their 
interest,  and  not  take  their  full  share  of  the  labor 
in  the  joint  sessions,  as  they  do  in  the  separate  ses- 
sions. Little  fear  as  to  this,  however,  seemed  to  be 
entertained  by  the  women  themselves,  and,  it  was 
denied  that  such  would  be  the  effect  by  those  who 
have  tried  joint  sessions. 
The  Press,  of  this   city,   published   an  ae-       "A  change  in  the  discipline  was  made,  permitting 

count  of  New  England  Yearly  Meeting  of  the  joint  sessions  and  united  meetings  in  the  subordinate 

Larger  Bod}-,  which  closed  about  the  middle  meetings." 


SKYF.NTH  MONTH  lit, 


of  last  month.  The  account  appears  to  have 
been  furnished  by  a  member,  or  at  least  by 
some  one  familiar  with  the  practices  and  his- 
tory of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Without  en- 
tering much  into  details,  it  gives  a  general 
view  of  the  course  of  procedure  ;  and  thus  en- 
ables the  reader  to  form  a  pretty  clear  con- 
ception of  the  tendencies  of  that  body.  From 
this  account  the  following  paragraphs  are 
taken  : 

"  The  first  radical  change  to  receive  attention  was 
the  project  of  opening  the  meetings  of  ministers, 
elders  and  overseers  to  the  younger  members ;  in 
fact,  to  all  who  were  willing  to  become  workers  in 
the  Society.  Nothing  was,  however,  done  in  the 
matter  at  the  present  time,  although  the  fact  of  the 
subject  being  presented  and  being  received  with  so 
much  favor  showed  that  this  action  will  undoubtedly 
soon  be  taken  by  the  Society. 

"  The  next  subject  of  general  interest  to  come  up 


ere  at  one  time  skeptics,  and  some  of  them  avowed  was  thc,r,'adi"-;  ot'  Scripture  in  the  meetings.     This 

lalso  called  "in  law  discussion  trom  manv  Fri 


As  regards  each  of  the  innovations  on  our 
ancient  usages,  which  were  proposed  in  New 
England  Yearly  Meeting,  as  above  stated,  we 
are  aware  that  it  may  be  contended,  that  they 
are  not  necessarily  opposed  to  the  principles 
of  the  Society  of  Friends.  However  this  may 
be  in  theory,  we  believe  they  are  practically 
connected  with  a  departure  from  those  prin- 
ciples; and  that  their  general  adoption  would 
naturally  lead  the  meetings  further  away 
from  ancient  Quakerism.  While  it  cannot  be 
denied  that  there  are  circumstances  under 
which  it  may  be  right  to  read  a  portion  of 
Scripture  in  a  meeting  for  worship,  and  that 
it  would  not  be  safe  wholly  to  prohibit  it,  yet 
the  danger  is  great  that  such  a  practice  would 
interfere  with  the  primary  object  of  our  meet- 
ings for  worship,  which  is  to  wait  on  the 
Lord  for  abilit}^  to  draw  near  unto  Him  in 
Spirit,  and   offer  that   homage  of  the  heart 


nbelievers,  lalso  caueu  OUL  l:ll>r('  wscussion  from  many  Friends,  i  which  is  acceptable  in  his  sight.      We  be 

III.     To  our  certain  knowledge  a  considerable  f me,  ot  whom  seemed  to  favor,  and  others— only  a  tnerefore  that  the   members  of  our  So< 
umber  of  very  positive,  boastful  infidels,  have  be-  few  however —to  oppose  this   practice,  tor  it  is  a|      t  d        ,       Divine  I 


most  credulous  Spiritualists-the  easy  practice,  ami  one.  largely  indulge.l  already  by  many 
rey  of  materializing  mediums,  rappers,  dreamers,  '"embers  of  the  Society.  These  maintain  that  they 
nd  clairvoyants  j  have  felt  called  upon  by  the  Holy  Spirit  to  do  this 

IV.'  That  in  'every  extensive  revival  of  religion  \uf: as  m,ueh  ils.to  P™7  or  to ,sPeak>  and  tlu'>'  f'ull.v 
considerable  percentage  of  the  converts  have  been  lx',lu've  that  ''""'  r';'',lln-  lla*  b«'n  blessed  ^  theI"- 
len  who  had  been  infidels  and  unbelievers  of  vari-  selvos  "'"I  others  fhe  conclusion  in  regard  to  this 
ug  ki,lc|s  |  matter  seemed  to  be  that  such  Bible  reading  was  de- 

V.  It  is  a  common  experience  to  find  infidels,  in  si.rable.  :uul  serviceable  in  the  public  services,  pro- 
3rious  sickness  or  great  trouble,  anion-  the  first  to  Y^'d  it  was  done  under  the  direct  influence  of  the 
?nd  for  ministers  of  the  Gospel,  and  to  exhibit  con-  Hol,Y  ^l"nt  V  maY ,b,e  said  in  this  connection  that 
ern,  and  often  abject  terror,  in  view  of  approaching  reading  from  the  Bible  in  open  meeting  has  been 
eatj,  °  done  by  many  different  ones  during  the  sessions  ot 

VI.'  Of  those  whom  we  have  known  to  renounce  thi?  Nearly  Meeting,  and  apparently  to  the  general 
Jhristianity,  a  considerable  proportion  had  become  satisfaction  _      _ 

ecidedlv  immoral  before  doing  so.  But  be  it  spe- 1  lhe  subject  ot  singing  was  another  one  which 
ially  noted  that  we  do  not  say  that  alt  infidels  are  , a,lso(1  general  discussion.  Some  of  the  older  mem- 
uni'oral,  or  that  .(//exhibit  fear  in  view  of  approach-  heis  were  opposed  to  this  practice  altogether,  and  es- 
ng  death.  We  have  seen  some  die  without  flinch-  l'eeiallv  thought  that  too  much  of  it  was  done,  and 
ig,  without  asking  for  prayers,  or  believing  in  a  "'".eh  that  was  not  uin.er  the  leading  ot  the  Holy 
iture  state.  We  have  kno'wn  two  irreligious  men  ^Plrlt-  bu,'h  singing  has  been  done  by  certain  per- 
3  be  led  to  become  religious  by  the  brutal  insensi-  sons  members  ot  the  Society,  .luring  these  meetings; 
ility  shown  by  a  dying  atheist  to  all  that  shows  andthoughit  has  generally  been  received  with  favor, 
lan  to  be  higher  than  a  brute.  But  the  rule  is  the  ?r  at  ,  wlt.h  fluletness'  a  ft'vv  have  opposed  and 
pposite."  frowned  upon  it.     It  was  from  this  prevalence  of  the 

■  (custom   that   the   present  discussion  arose.     Some 

Such  lacts  as  the  above  must  have  a  cheer-  thought  that  unity  of  spirit  ought  to  be  maintained 
ng  effect  on  those  who  desire  the  welfare  of  in  the  Society  at  all  hazards.  One,  though  not  op- 
heir  fellow-men;  showing,  as  they  do,  that  posed  to  singing,  believed  that  deference  should  be 
be  Spirit  of  the  Lord  is  still  operating  on  the  Paid  to  thc  feelings  of  those,  who  were  against  the 
farts  of  men,  and  bringing  the  rebellious  practice;  that  the  older  ones  had  borne  much  ii 
nto  an  acknowledgment  of  the  truth. 


-Hurtful  Beading. — The  detailed  publication  of 


.respect,  and  that  the  time  had  now  come  when  the 
'young  people  should  bear  somewhat  by  yielding  in 


this  matter. 


was  that  of  men  and  women  sitting  apart 


iterature,  together  with  the  relaxation  of  parental  . 

iscipline,  are  doing  a  dreadful  work.  We  cannot  ln  the  meetings.  One  young  man  asked  the  origin 
epeat  the  warning  mo  often.  At  Pleasantville,  Pa.,  "'  the  cllst""1  and  y"  "'V'1'  "'as  a"y  reason  for  its 
wording  to  a  recent  dispatch,  a  "Jess,.;  James  continuance,  as  he  thought  the  practice  of  sitting 
ang"  of  boys  has  been  discovered,  to  which  some  ^'Seller  was  greatly  preferable,  and  this  was  the 
f  the  most"  respectable  bovs  in  Oil  City  belonged,  slf-r|lal  for  a.  ser,les  of  hvely  remarks  in  favor  of  no 
ncluding  several  preachers'  sons.  Can  anvthintr  separation  in  the  meetings.  It  was  explained  by 
.e  more  horrible  than  this  ?  Such  books  should  be  "m'  }\  r,"'n,'1  tllat  th,s  dlv's'""  "as  a  relic  of  an  old 
prohibited  by  law,  and  papers  that  give  such  par-  ^"ghsh  ehur.-h  custom,  and  by  another  that  the  dis- 
iculars  denounced.—  Ch ristian  Advocate.  Iciphne  of  the  Society  contained   nothing  either  in 

!  favor  ot  or  against  the  practice.  Every  speaker  and 
—  Camp  Meetings. — In  the  General  Conference  of  all  the  remarks  were  in  favor  of  no  separation  of  the 
he  African  M.   E.  Church,  held  at  Baltimore,  a  house  of  worship. 

parm  discussion  was  sustained  in  regard  to  the  com- 1  "  The  question  of  permitting  Quarterly,  Monthly 
sending  of  camp-meetings,  on  the  ground  that  they  and  Preparative  Meetings  to  hold  united  meetings 
requently  tended  to  rowdyism  and  immorality.  An  and  joint  sessions  of  men  and  women,  also  received 
mendment  was  finally  adopted  refusing  to  recom-  considerable  attention.  The  matter  was  brought  up 
send  the  holding  of  camp-meetiugs,  but  allowing  in  the  form  of  a  petition  from  several  of  the  Quar- 
hem  to  be  continued.  i  terly  Meetings,  asking  for  this  power.     Fears  were 


adi 


iciety 
most  totally 


refraining  from  reading  and  singing  in  their 
meetings,  from  their  first  establishment  as  a 
distinct  people  down  to  the  present  genera- 
tion. 

Without  enlarging  on  the  different  topics 
suggested  by  the  report  from  New  England 
Yearly  Meeting,  wedesirc  the  encouragement 
of  those  of  its  members  who  still  believe  that 
the  principles  and  practices  of  early  Friends 
were  founded  on  the  truth,  and  that  they  are 
adapted  to  the  present  state  of  things,  as  well 
as  to  that  which  existed  when  our  Society 
arose. 

We  have  received  from  a  friend  at  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  the  following  communication,  which 
we  cheerfully  insert.  It  was  accompanied  by 
a  copy  of  the  work  referred  to,  which  states 
in  the  title  page  "Reprinted  by  the  Trustees 
of  Green  Farm,  of  Canonicut,  R.  I." 

"Editor  of  Friend,  —  In  thy  interesting 
paper  of  5th  inst.,  was  commenced  an  article, 
or  communication,  upon  the  Rise  and  Progress 
of  Westtown  Boarding  School,  in  which  allu- 
sion is  made  to  Waltham  Abbey  School  in 
England,  and  to  the  Divine  visitation  and 
blessing,  experienced  by  its  teachers  and 
scholars  in  1679;  with  the  several  editions 
which  have  since  been  printed  of  that  account. 
I  write  now  to  correct  a  singularly  erroneous 
statement  in  that  article  in  'The  Friend,'  viz., 
that  our  friend  Israel  Buffiiiton  published,  at 
his  own  expense,  in  1874,  thc  latest  edition 
of  said  little  book.  Now,  that  this  was  printed 
from  trust  funds  bequeathed  for  benevolent 
purposes,  many  years  before,  the  title  page 
of  the  volume  referred  to  shows.  My  friend, 
Israel  Buffinton,  deceased,  with  thy  corre- 
spondent, and  another  Friend,  now  living  in 
New  Bedford,  then  composed  the  Trustees. 
Please  make  the  correction  in  'The  Friend.' 
T.  P.  N." 

The  Catalogue  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
College,  for  1883-4.  gives  a  list  of  about  130 


400 


THE    FRIEND. 


students.     It  is    locate 

about  12  miles  from  Bellefonte.  Its  special 
work  is  the  training  of  youth  in  those  branches 
of  learning  which  lie  at  the  foundation  of 
modern  industrial  pursuits.  Without  exclud- 
ing classical  studies,  the  instruction  given  is 
largely  scientific.  The  principal  income  is 
derived  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  pub- 
lic lands,  donated  to  the  State  by  the  General 
Government,  for  college  purposes.  The  worst 
feature  observable  in  the  printed  description 
of  the  institution  is  the  instruction  in  military 
tactics,  rendered  obligatory  by  the  Act  of 
Congress.  It  is  a  great  pity  that  a  school, 
in  which  the  youth  are  taught  those  things 
which  may  make  them  useful  in  the  arts  of 
peace,  should  also  train  them  to  be  efficient 
agents  in  destroying  the  lives  and  properties 
of  their  fellow-men,  and  corrupt  their  sense 
of  moral  obligation  by  instilling  into  them 
an  admiration  of  war,  which  has  been  declared 
to  be  a  repeal  of  every  principle  of  morality. 
The  Annual  Report  of  the  Institute  for  Col- 


Centre  County,  I  yield  may  be  gained  from  the  fact  that  the  growers  es- 
'  timate  their  receipts  from  sales  at  the  West  and  at  home 
will  reach  the  sum  of  .»500,000,  without  including  the 
heavy  returns  from  Eastern  consumers. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  475, 
which  was  54  more  (ban  during  the  previous  week,  and 
88  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  foregoing  247  were  males,  and  228  females,  and 
133  were  children  under  two  years  of  age:  90  died  of 
cholera  infantum  ;  47  of  consumption  ;  27  of  marasmus  ; 
28  of  convulsions;  23  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  and  10  of  pneumonia. 

Markets,  &C.—V.  S.  44's,  112J;  4's,  119|;  3's,  101; 
currency  6's,  123  a  131. 

Cotton. — Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  11$  a  11 J  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  7£  cts.  for  export,  and 
8i  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Flour  continues  dull,  but  prices  were  unchanged. 
Sales  of  400  barrels  Pennsylvania  family  at  t-4.50;  200 
barrels  Ohio  clear,  at  £5.25  ;  300  barrels  winter  patent 
at  $5.65;  125  barrels  do.  do.  at  $6,  and  175  barrels 
Minnesota  patent  at  $6  a  $6.10;  western  and  Pennsyl- 
vania super  at  $2.50  a  j3;  do.  do.  extras,  $3  a  $3.50  ; 
Penna.  family  at  $4.25  a  $4.50;  Penna.  roller  process, 
at  $5  a  $5.50 ;  Delaware  family  at  $5  a  $5.50  ;  western 
ter,  low  grades,  at  jr4  a  $4.50 ;  Ohio  clear  at  $4.75 


ored   Youth,  for  1884,  is   a  cheering  exhibit  of  $5.30;  do.  straight  at  $5.25  a  $5.60;  Indiana  clear,  at 
the  workings  of  a  useful  institution,  which 
presents  nothing  to  mar  the  satisfaction  which 
it  is  calculated  to  give.     The  Institute  is  lo- 
cated in  Philadelphia,  on  Bainbridge  Street  w^ 

west  of  Ninth,  and  is  under  the  management ;  bakers'  clear  at  $3.75  a  $4.50 ;  do.  straight  at  »4.50  a 
of  members  of  our  Society.  The  teachers  are  $5.50 ;  do.  patents  at  $5.75  a  6.37£.  Eye  flour  sold  at 
all  colored  persons.  The  number  of  scholars  *"°  *"'  b:irrel-  Feed.— Winter  bran  sold  at  $15.50 
on  the  roll  When  the  report  was  drawn  up  a  ^^Wheat  was  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were 
was  255.     Of  the   184  graduates  now  living,  a  fraction  higher:  6000  bushels  sold  in  lots,  including 


$4-75  a  $5.25  ;  do.  straight,  at  $5.25  a  $5.50  :  St.  Louis 
and  Southern  Illinois  clear  at  $5  a  3t5.35  ;  do.  straight 
at  $5.37  £  a  $5.65  ;  winter  wheat  patent  at  45.65  a  $6.30  ; 
Wisconsin  bakers' clear  at  $3.50  a  #4;  do.  straight  at 
$4.25  a  $5;  do.  patent  at  $5.25  a  $5.75;   Minnesota 


91  are  engaged  in  teaching,  16  are  working  :  No.  1  Pennsylvania  red,  at  si. 11;  No 
at  trades,  12  are  engaged   in  professions,  10  $1.07;  No.  2  Delaware  at  $1.07 ;  No.  2  western  red  at 
in  business,  and  11  in  the  civil  services.  ^Ji  ^°;, 3  re,d  86  <*8v  new  I'ennsylvania  red  at 

The  Freedmans'  Friend  for  Sixth   Month,!*1;03  a$L04'  and  -new  Delaware  red  at  $1 


a  $1.04 
'per  bushel,  and  20,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  95  a  96  cts. 
containing  the  21st  Annual  Keport  of  the  7,1,  mo.,  97  a  97  f  cts.  8th  mo.,  97|  a  98  cts.  9th  mo., 
Executive  Board  of  the  Friends'  Freedmen's  and  98|  a  99|  cts.  10th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were 
Association.  From  this  it  appears  that  about 
800  pupils  have  been  under  the  care  of  the 


Association  during  the  past  year,  principally 
or  entirely  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 
Contributions  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the 
schools  for  the  coming  year  may  be  sent  to 
Eichard  Cadbury,  No.  409  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia. 

SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 

United  States.— Earl  Granville,  Foreign  Secretary 
of  State  of  the  English  Government,  has  sent  a  note  to 
the  British  Minister  at  Washington,  directing  him  to 
ask  that  if  advantageous  terms  are  given  to  Cuba  for 
the  admission  of  Cuban  products  into  America  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  British  colonies  in  the  West  Indies  be 
placed  on  the  same  footing. 

The  Democratic  National  Convention,  held  in  Chi- 
cago last  week,  nominated  Grover  Cleveland,  of  New 
York,  for  President,  on  the  second  ballot.  The  vote 
stood:  Cleveland,  683;  Bayard,  81. V  ;  Hendricks,  451  ; 
Randall,  4;  Thurman,  4;  McDonald,  2.  Necessary  to 
a  choice,  547.  Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  of  Indiana,  was 
unanimously  nominated  for  Vice  President,  he  receiv- 
ing all  the  voles  cast — 816  in  number. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  has  requested  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  to  cause  the  arrest  of  the  notorious  Cap- 
tain Payne,  and  a  parly  of  his  followers,  who  are  now 
upon  the  Cherokee  lands,  in  the  Indian  Territory. 
Payne's  followers  are  said  to  number  1500. 

The  total  coinage  of  the  U.  S.  Mints  during  the  fiscal 
year  which  ended  Olh  month  30th,  included  92,558,561 
pieces,  of  which  28,099,930  were  standard  dollars,  and 
55,955,029  minor  coins.  The  total  value  was  $57,8*0,- 
921.53. 

The  fruit  dealers  of  Niagara  and  Orleans  counties, 
New  York,  met  in  Lockport  on  Sixth-day,  the  11th 
inst.,  and  adopted  a  resolution  "not  to  buy  any  apples 
after  October  1st  except  those  packed  in  barrels  as  large 
as  the  common  flour  barrel." 

Flocks  and  herds  are  being  driven  into  Mexico  from 
Western  Texas,  to  seek  water,  all  the  wells  and  streams 
on  the  American  side  of  the  Rio  Grande  being  drid  up. 

The  Georgia  watermelon  crop  has  fairly  begun  to 
move  to  the  markets,  and  Borne  idea  of  the  value  of  the 


higher:  9000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  62  a  64  cts.  per 
bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  56  a  59  cts. 
for  rejected  and  steamer,  and  sail  mixed  at  60^  a  62 
cts.  7th  mo.,  00|  a  61  cts.  8th  mo.,  602l  a  61£  cts.  9th 
mo.,  and  61  a  62  cts.  10th  mo  Oats. — Car  ]ols  were 
also  higher:  8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  36  a  39J  cts. 
per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at 
38 J  a  39£  cts.  7th  mo.,  36  a  37  cts.  8th  mo.,  34  a  35J  cts. 
9th  mo.,  and  35  a  36  cts.  10th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots 
at  70  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  7th 
mo.  12th,  1884— Loads  of  hay,  152;  do.  do.  straw  28. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.20  a 
$1  30  per  100  lbs.  ;  mixed,  $1.05  a  $1.20  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  $1.20  a  $1.30  per  100  lbs. 

Beef  cattle  were  unsettled  and  rather  lower:  3500 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  4  a  7^  cts.  per  pound,  accord- 
ing  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  in  fair  demand,  but  prices  were  rather 
lower:  14,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different 
yards  at  2  a  5}  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3£  a  7  cts.,  per 
pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were  firm  :  4300 
head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  1\  a  8 
cti.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Foreign. — On  the  evening  of  the  8th  instant,  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  Lord  Cairn's  amendment  to  the  Fran- 
chise bill,  postponing  the  extension  of  the  franchise 
until  a  redistribution  scheme  is  concluded,  was  adopted 
by  a  vote  of  205  to  146  This  action  of  the  Lords  has 
excited  much  dissatisfaction  in  England.  The  London 
Times  says  :  "The  House  of  Lords  have  nullified  four 
months'  labor  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  have  de- 
prived two  million  persons  of  the  rights  of  franchise. 
The  struggle  will  only  end  in  defeat  and  loss.  The 
Lords  have  placed  themselves  in  antagonism  with  the 
popular  assembly  in  a  most  defiant  and  aggressive 
manner. 

In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  9th  inst.,  George 
Anderson,  Radical,  member  for  Glasgow,  gave  notice 
that  he  would  ask  Gladstone  to  arrange  for  an  early 
discussion  of  the  standing  resolution  in  the  House  to 
the  effect  that  a  continuance  of  an  unreformed  heredi- 
tary House  of  Lords  is  incompatible  with  wise  legisla- 
tion. 

A  despatch  from  London,  dated  7th 'mo.  12th,  says: 
"The  breach   between  the  Lords  and  the  Ministry  on 


the  Franchise  bill,  is  reported  to-night  to   be  in  a  fa 
way  of  mending  entirely.   It  is  said  that  a  compact  In 
been  definitely  arranged   between  the  Peers  and  Glai 
stone.     The  terms,  as  stated,  are  that  the  Lords  shal  | 
pass  the  bill  at  its  next  presentation,  and  that  the  Gov 
eminent  shall  introduce  and  push  through  at  the  nex 
session  a  satisfactory  measure  for  the  redistribution  0 
seals.     It  is  contended  by  the  Liberals  that  in  securing 
this  compromise  the  Ministry  yielded  nothing  and  tin 
Tories  everything,  and  that  the  latter  were  frightened 
from  their  former  position  by  the  many  manifestation! \ 
of  popular  indignation  over  their  conduct  in  throwing 
out  the  bill." 

A  special  to  the  News  from  Assouan  says:  "The 
treachery  of  the  Mudir  of  Dongola  is  at  last  confirmed 
The  Christians  in  the  town  are  imprisoned,  and  havi 
been  compelled  to  turn  Mohammedans  to  escape  th< 
vengeance  of  the  Mudir.  El  Mihdi  has  made  th< 
Mudir  his  Emir.  The  battle  of  Oebbeh  was  an  inven 
tion  of  the  Mudir's  brain.  He  has  control  of  all  tele 
graphic  communication  with  Dongola,  and  has  beet 
deceiving  the  Khedive  since  the  20th  nit.,  when  he  i 
tually  had  possession  of  Dongola  in  the  name  of  the 
Mahdi.  Seventeen  fugitive  soldiers  have  at  rived  here 
from  Berber,  and  confirm  the  reported  fall  of  that  town.' 

The  Republique  Franeaise  denies  that  Admiral  Cour 
bet  has  occupied  a  town  on  the  coast  of  China.  The 
demand  of  France  for  the  payment  of  an  indemnity 
reached  Paeenotre,  the  French  Minister,  at  Shanghai 
7th  mo.  10th,  and  was  forwarded  to  Pekiu,  where  it  w" 
be  handed  to  the  Tsung-li-Yamen  on  the  11th.  Fran 
has  given  China  one  week  in  which  to  answer  the  de- 
mand, and,  in  the  event  of  an  unsatisfactory  reply  being 
received,  will  immediately  seize  one  of  the  Chinest 
forts.  The  preparations  for  an  aggressive  naval  move- 
ment are  complete. 

The  Pall  Mall  Gazette  says :  "  It  is  rumored  that 
France  and  Portugal  have  concluded  a  secret  treaty 
against  China,  by  the  terms  of  which  France  will  be 
allowed  to  make  Macao,  an  island  al  the  mouth  of  the 
Canton  river,  the  base  of  a  land  attack  upon  the  city  of 
Canton.  Another  point  of  the  treaty  is  that  action  shall 
be  taken  to  compel  China  to  recognize  Macao  as  Portu- 
guese territory,  which  she  has  hitherto  refused  to  do." 

The  French  Chamber  of  Deputies,  by  a  unanimous 
vote,  has  passed  a  bill  appropriating  2,000,000f.  for  the 
relief  of  cholera  sufferers,  and  500,0001'.  to  defray  the 
expenses  incurred  in  combating  the  epidemic.  A 
official  report  states  that  no  cholera  existed  in  Paris  < 
the  12th  inst.  More  than  four  hundred  deaths  fromj 
cholera  appear  to  have  occurred  in  Toulon  and  Mar-; 
seilles,  during  the  week  ending  7th  month  14th.  The., 
disease  is  on  the  increase.  The  heat  is  intense,  the. 
streets  are  said  to  be  deserted,  and  in  Marseilles  the:; 
working  men  are  becoming  excited  on  account  of  then 
stagnation  of  business. 

Dr.  Koch  remains  firm  in  his  already  expressed 
opinion  that  the  cholera  scourge  must  spread  through- 
out Europe.  It  has  taken  so  firm  a  hold  in  such  large, 
centres  of  communication  as  Marseilles  and  Toulon,, 
that  he  believes  it  must  run  its  course  during  the  sum- 
mer throughout  Continental  Europe.  He  says  that 
America,  if  great  vigilance  is  exercised  in  quarantine, 
precautious,  will  probably  escape,  but  holds  out  no  hope 
for  countries  insulated  simply  by  technical  frontier 
lines. 

In  the  city  of  Alexandria,  Egypt,  on  the  14th  inst., 
there  were  three  cases  of  cholera  reported,  one  of  whichi 
proved  fatal. 

A  party  of  tourists  were  recently  overwhelmed  by  am 
avalanche  on  Mont  Blanc  and  cne  of  the  number  was 
killed. 

There  is  one  brewery  to  every  thousand  of  inhabitants 
in  Bavaria,  and  in  Munich  the  yearly  consumption  of 
beer  is  470  quarts  to  each  man,  woman  and  child,  or 
about  one  quart  and  a  third  a  day  for  each  person.  The 
men  drink  on  an  average  from  two  and  a  half  to  three 
quarts  per  day.  The  liquor  contains  about  4  per  cent. 
of  alcohol. 

The  Siberian  plague  is  raging  at  Pskov ;  twenty  deaths 
have  already  occurred,  and  the  precautionary  measures 
seem  inadequate  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  disease. 

There  are,  it  is  stated,  sixteen  districts  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  where  less  than  five  per  cent,  of  the  inhabi- 
tants can  read  and  write.  1 

The  Chilians  have  commenced  their  final  evacuation 
of  Peruvian  territory.  Caceres  remains  in  possession 
of  the  central  provinces. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further  notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  and  4.55  r.  M.,  to  convey 

to  the  school. 


THE    FRIEND. 

A   RELIGIOUS  AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH  DAY,  SEVENTH  MONTH  2G,  1884. 


NO.    51. 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY. 
Price,   if  paid   in   advance,  §2.00  per 

bscriptions,  payments  and  business  communications,  received  b; 

JOHN  S.  STOKES, 

LT  NO.  116  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET,  VF  STAIRS, 
PHILADELPHIA. 

Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 

I.Ioorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


r!,ii.i.'..- 


P.  o. 


For  "The    Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  394.) 

1812,  1st  mo.  24th.  At  an  appointed  meet- 
ig  at  Downingtown,  the  way  of  Truth  was 
learly  pointed  out,  and  exemplified.     But  it 

difficult  to  fasten  things  on  the  human 
aind  that  are  of  a  spiritual  nature,  except 
mind  is  in  some  good  degree  detached 
^orn  the  inordinate  love  of  the  world.  "  If 
iny  man  love  the  world,  the  love  of  the  Father 
f  not  in  him."  The  love  of  God  and  the  love 
f  the  world  can  no  more  dwell  or  assimilate 
Dgether,  than  light  and  darkness.  "  No  man 
an  serve  God  and  mammon."  Many  of  the 
ihabitants  of  this  part  of  the  country  are 
pod,  practical  farmers;  their  farming  is  lu- 
jrative — their  country  is  pleasant — and  their 
ituation  delightful  to  the  eye  that  is  gratified 
nd  dazzled  with  splendor.  So  that  it  is 
iared  by  an  exercised  traveller  among  them, 
hat  too  many  have  sat  down,  contented  to 
olace  themselves  with  their  passing  enjoy- 
aents,  on  this  side  of  Jordan;  having  never 
'assed  the  river  of  judgment,  or  known  con- 
emnation  to  have  passed  over  the  trangres- 
ing  nature,  so  as  to  bring  up  stones  of  memor- 
il  to  stand  as  monuments  of  deliverance  and 
Incouragement  to  the  precious  children  and 
hose  who  are  enquiring  the  way  to  Zion; 
mt  instead,  are  standing  as  blocks  of  stumb- 
ing  to  thoseover  whom  they  preside  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  parents.  O,  for  that  holy  anointing, 
hat  things  may  be  seen  by  them  as  they  are. 

25th.  Went  to  an  appointed  meeting  held 
n  a  school-house  near  West  Chester.  The 
prings  of  the  Gospel  were  here  opened  to 
ny  bumbling  admiration.  Dined,  and  with 
,  heart  replete  with  divine  consolation,  rode 
I  Goshen  and  put  up. 

26th.  At  their  First-day  meeting  the  cur- 
rent of  the  Gospel  was  by  some  means  greatly 
mpeded,  but  not  so  as  to  cut  off  all  relief. 
n  the  afternoon  rode  to  Friends'  Boarding 
school  at  Westtown.  In  the  evening,  with 
he  approbation  of  Joseph  Whitall  and  wife, 
he  superintendents,  had  a  meeting  with  them 
.0  pretty  good  satisfaction. 

27ih.  Spent  the  day  mostly  at  school,  and 
.owards  night  rode  to  Willistown. 

28tb.  Had  a  very  satisfactory  meeting  at 
rVillistown.    Went  homo  with  Jeffrey  Smed- 

ey- 

29th.  In  the  mid-week  meeting  at  New- 
iOwn,  the  Gospel  flowed  freely,  to  the  confir- 


mation of  my  own  soul,  and,  it  is  not  doubted,  I  12th.  Attended  their  Quarterly  Meeting 
to  the  strength  of  many  others.  Dined,  and  for  Ministers  and  Elders,  at  East  Cain,  where 
went  to  the  widow  Mary  Rhodes,  near  Spring-  exercised  souls  were  knit  together  in  the  love 
field,  to  lodge.  and  fellowship  of  the  Gospel. 

30th.  At  a  laborious  meeting  at  Spring-'  13th.  A  precious  time  we  had  at  Cain 
field.  Dined,  and  rode  home  with  Samuel  Quarterly  Meeting.  My  soul  was  effectually 
Davis,  grandson  to  the  worthy  John  Griffith,  relieved  among  them.  The  Lord  indeed  is 
to  lodge.  'good,  and  blessed  are  they  who  trust  in  him. 

31st.  Went  to  Philadelphia  ;  and  2nd  mo.  The  dear  j-outh  were  encouraged  to  come 
1st,  was  at  the  Quarterly  Meeting  of  Ministers  forward  in  the  line  of  religious  exercise  and 
and  Elders  in  this  city.  It  was  large  indeed, 'duty,  and  many  of  their  minds  werestrength- 
but  not  one  of  the  most  comfortable  seasons,  'ened  in  the  faith. 

Where  human  wisdom  gains  the  ascendency,  |  14th.  This  day  makes  five  months  from 
it  is  always  sure  to  produce  sterility.  Myjhome.  Went  to  West  Cain  and  attended  an 
engagement  was  to  caution  against  striving  appointed  meeting,  which  was  laborious, 
for  the  mastery;  showing  that  one  is  ourl  15th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  Sads- 
Master,  even  Christ;  and  all  we  are  brethren. 'bury,  to  good  satisfaction.  Dined,  and  rode 
That  he  who  was  least  among  them,  should  j  home  with  John  Letch  worth,  in  Fallowfield, 
be  greatest ;  and  he  that  was  greatest  should  |  16th.  At  their  First-day  meeting.  Labor- 
be  their  minister,  and  the  servant  of  all ;  and  ious  but  not  in  vain.  Abel  Thomas  bad  good 
that  every  member  of  the  body  must  keep  service. 

17th.  We  rode  to  Doe  Run,  and  attended 
an  appointed  meeting.  Here  the  poor  in 
spirit  were  encouraged  to  hold  on  their  way; 
and  went  to  London  Grove. 

18th.  A  season  of  deep  wading  in  the 
Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders  for  the 
Western  Quarter  ;  but  finally  relieved. 

19th.  At  their  Quarterly  Meeting,  which 
adjourned  to  the  next  day. 

20th.  Sat  the  adjournment.  I  think  it 
was  the  largest  Quarterly  Meeting  I  have 
ever  seen.  Many  worthies  belong  to  it,  ex- 
amples in  the  work  of  Righteousness  ;  faithful 
in  the  Christian  warfare  under  the  standard 
of  peace;  skilful  to  handle  the  sword  and  the 
bow.  It  was  indeed  a  season  of  mutual  strength 
among  young  and  old. 

21st.  Rode  to  Hokessin  and  attended  an 
appointed  meeting. 

22nd.  This  morning  our  dear,  ancient 
Friend,  James  Wilson,  came  in  to  see  us, 
with  whom,  and  the  heads  of  this  family 
with  whom  we  lodged,  who  are  also  aged, 
we  bad  a  precious  opportunity  ;  which  was  as 
a  brook  by  the  way,  at  which  we  mutually 
partook  of  refreshment.  Thence  making  a 
few  visits  by  the  way,  we  returned  to  London 
Grove. 

23rd.  A  laborious  day  in  London  Grove 
First-day  meeting.  Some  of  the  youth,  how- 
ever, were  reached. 

24th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  Centre, 
in  which  heavenly  help  was  experienced,  the 
standard  of  Truth  was  raised,  and  clivers  of 
the  people  were  reached,  and  broken  in  their 
minds.  Rode  to  Wilmington  and  put  up  at 
Samuel  Canby's. 

25th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  Chiches- 
ter, where  I  was  concerned  to  speak  of  the 
universality  of  the  love  of  God,  and  was  led 
to  exemplify  and  confirm  it  by  testimonies 
from  the  Scriptures,  showing  that  man's 
destruction  is  of  himself.  I  was  afterward 
told  the  testimony  was  a  very  seasonable  one, 
for  there  was  a  man  present  who  has  asserted 
that  Friends  believe  none  are  saved  but  their 


their   proper  places,   and   act   in   th 
pberes. 

2nd.  At  their  First-day  morning  meeting 
at  Arch  Street:  silent.  Afternoon  at  the 
North  Meeting;  had  a  close  searching  testi- 
mony. Arthur  Howell  had  also  similar  ser- 
vice. In  the  evening  made  a  visit  to  Thomas 
Scattergood's  family.  He  is  now  engaged  in 
a  family  visit  with  Susanna  Home,  to  Friends 
in  this  city. 

3rd.  A  trying  day  at  their  Quarterly 
Meeting.  Where  the  religion  of  reason  is 
predominant,  and  takes  the  place  of  a  humble 
submission  to  the  Divine  law,  it  is  oppressive. 
Richard  Jordan  also  attended  this  meeting. 

4th.  Made  a  few  visits,  then  rode  to  King- 
sessing  and  put  up. 

5th.  Went  to  Haverford  and  attended  an 
appointed  meeting.  Experienced  some  re- 
newal of  strength.  I  think  they  told  methis 
was  the  first  meeting  established  by  Friends 
in  these  parts,  and  where  William  Pcnn  and 
others  attended  at  the  time  of  the  first  set- 
tlement of  the  country.  It  is  about  ten  miles 
from  the  city.  Dined,  and  rode  to  Radnor 
and  put  up. 

6th.  At  RadnorPreparative  Meeting  Truth 
was  proclaimed  in  its  simplicity  and  demon- 
stration. Went  to  Benjamin  Maule's  to  lodge. 
These  are  the  deseendents  of  Thomas  Maule, 
who  suffered  much  for  conscience  sake  in 
Salem,  New  England,  when  persecution  pre- 
vailed there. 

7th.  Went  to  the  Valley  Meeting,  which 
was  truly  a  comfortable  season.  Then  rode 
to  East  Whiteland,  and  on  the  8th  went  to 
Middletown,  and  put  up  at  Eli  Yarnall's. 

9th.  At  their  First-day  meeting,  when  the 
Gospel  was  preached  to  the  joy  of  my  soul. 

10th.  At  Concord  Quarterly  Meeting  of 
Ministers  and  Elders.  A  number  of  strangers 
were  present  from  other  parts.  A  season  of 
mutual  comfort. 

11th.  At  their  Quarterly  Meeting,  which 
terminated  satisfactorily.  Dined,  and  rode 
to  Birmingham. 


402 


THE    FRIEND. 


own  Society.  And  he  pretended  to  quote 
Robert  Barclay  for  his  authority.  But  those 
who  were  knowing  to  the  circumstances,  and 
were  at  meeting,  thought  he  was  fully  an- 
swered. '■  Wisdom  is  profitable  to  direct." 
Dined,  and  with  a  peaceful  mind  rode  home 
with  Moses  Palmer,  near  Concord. 

26th.  At  Concord  Preparative  Meeting; 
the  wheels  moved  heavy. 

27th.  In  their  Preparative  Meeting,  some 
of  our  minds  were  baptized  together  in  Gos- 
pel fellowship.  The  language  of  encourage- 
ment flowed  to  the  dear  youth. 

28th.  At  Providence.  Had  an  appointed 
meeting.  It  seemed  like  a  season  of  renewed 
visitation  to  the  rising  generation,  a  large 
number  of  whom  were  present  from  the  (lif- 
erent meetings  round. 

29th.  Having  been  engaged  in  exercise 
and  labor  among  my  dear  Friends  in  these 
parts,  several  months  past,  according  to  faith 
and  ability  ;  upon  retrospection  of  the  hours 
spent  among  them  in  the  love  of  the  Gospel, 
they  afford  an  evidence  of  having  been  in  my 
place;  and  now,  with  peculiar  satisfaction  and 
peace  of  mind,  I  leave  them. 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  U.  S.  Mint. 

Some  two  or  three  weeks  ago  the  writer 
found  himself  in  the  great  and  growing  city 
of  San  Francisco,  engaged  in  the  busy  busi- 
ness bustle  necessary  to  be  gone  through  every 
now  and  again  by  us  country  dealers. 

About  11  o'clock,  a.  M.,  I  found  myself  on 
the  spacious  and  solid  pavement  in  front  of 
the  U.  S.  Mii.t.  Recollecting  that  visitors 
are  admitted  from  9  to  11.30  o'clock,  a.  m., 
and  that  I  had  several  acquaintances  employ- 
ed in  this,  the  greatest  money  mailing  institu- 
tion in  the  world,  and  that  one  of  these,  a 
highly  respected  citizen  of  San  Leandro,  was 
an  usher  there,  employed  in  doing  the  gallant 
to  all  well  behaved  nephews  and  nieces  of  U. 
S.,  I  mustered  courage  and  entered,  and  was 
shown  into  the  reception  room,  where  were 
gathered  some  ten  or  twelve  men  and  women, 
apparently  enjoying  themselves  very  much, 
although  most  all  strangers  to  each  other,  in 
examining  ancient  coins,  of  which  there  were 
perhaps  thousands,  made  of  all  shapes  and 
sizes,  and  of  all  sorts  of  metals.  These  were  all 
arranged  in  glass  cases,  set  about  four  feet 
high,  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees,  and  each  case 
had  a  number.  Then  there  were  several  des- 
criptive books  in  which  to  find  the  number 
and  history  of  each  coin.  There  are. coins 
there  that  were  current  in  Solomon's  days — 
as  also  in  Babylon  when  it  was  in  its  glory — 
and  some  from  all  parts  of  the  earth. 

Well,  this  was  in  the  reception  room,  where 
we  were  entertained  until  about  a  dozen  or 
so  were  got  together,  when  our  genial  usher, 
who  had  agood  command  of  English  language, 
invited  us  to  follow  him  in  a  tour  of  inspection 
through  the  building.  But  we  had  not  gone 
far  until  we  f'eltagood  deal  as  did  the  Queen 
of  Sheba  of  old,  when  she  inspected  Solomon's 
riches,  and  said  that  the  half  had  not  been 
told  her.  For,  as  we  came  into  one  room 
after  another,  and  saw  so  many  piles  of  gold 
and  silver  undergoing  different  operations 
inordertobe  madeinto  coin,  we  could  scarcely 
believe  it  all  to  be  real,  and  yet  real  it  was. 
In  one  place  we  came  into,  was  an  oven  for 
annealing;  not  made  hot  enough  to  melt  the 
.metal,  yet  near  to  it.     Here  was  quite  a  pile 


of  something  like  i 
about  four  feet  lonj: 


ir  common  iron  hoops, 
and  wide  enough  to  cut 
our  620  pieces  out  of.  But  they  were  so  black 
with  soot  that  it  was  hard  to  take  them  for 
gold,  and  especially  as  there  were  such  piles 
of  them.  Here  also  were  the  furnaces  where 
the  melting  of  gold  was  going  on,  and  men 
handling  crucibles  that  took  two  to  lift  them 
with  tongs;  and  they,  poor   fellows,  all  be 


imed    with    soot   and    sweat.     This  was 


truly  a  hot  shop,  reminding  one  much  of  an 
iron  foundry  when  casting  is  going  on. 

The  workmen  here  are  not  allowed  to  leave 
with  their  outside  working  clothes  on,  espe- 
cially when  the}'  get  to  be  well  worn.  Unlike 
other  people's  clothes,  the  older  they  get  the 
more  valuable  they  become,  and  after  a  time, 
our  guide  told  us,  they  are  taken  and  burned 
up  for  the  gold  that  is  in  them.  (More  of 
this  anon.) 

It  was  also  amusing  to  see  them  making 
our  silver  dollars.  A  man  takes  up  one  of 
these  silver  bands,  similar  to  the  gold  ones, 
afore  mentioned,  and  feeds  it  into  a  machine 
that  punches  them  out  at  the  rate  of  from  70 
to  100  per  minute  ;  and  they  keep  dropping  on 
the  floor  and  are  left  with  as  much  apparent 
carelessness  as  though  they  were  iron,  until 
quite  a  pile  of  them  gathers,  to  be  shovelled 
up  and  taken  away  to  be  stamped. 

The  weighing  of  the  coins  after  they  are 
stamped,  is  committed  to  the  care  of  quite  a 


the  chimney   stawj 


passes  before  ente 
This  is  taken  apart  every  two  y< 
cleaned  out,  yielding  a  good  many  hundrec 
dollars.  But  their  general  house-cleaning  ah 
they  call  it,  every  two  years,  is  a  paying 
business.  Then  all  the  carpets  arc  taken  up 
and  in  place  of  beating  them  as  frugal  house 
keepers  do,  and  lay  them  down  again,  thesi 
mint  people  take  and  burn  them,  and  by  sc 
doing — along  with  workmen's  clothes  an«j 
mittens,  &c,  as  afore-mentioned,  tbey  genel 
rally  get  after  a  good  two  year's  run,  twenty  j 
six  hundred  dollars  worth  of  gold  and  silver 
from  the  ashes. 

Well  may  California  be  called  the  Goldei 
State,  and  yet  the  great  mint  only  shows!] 
portion  of  it,  whilst  other  government  vaulti 
in  the  city  contain  many  millions  of  coin  be 
side.  T.  D. 

San  Leandro,  Cal.,  Seventh  mo.  7,  1884. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

The  Origin  of  Westtown  School. 

(Concluded  from  page  395.) 

In  the  summer  of  1790  Biddle's  Essay  wai 
published  under  the  title,  "A  plan  for  a  school' 
and  an  establishment  similar  to  that  of  Acldl 
worth,  in  Yorkshire,  Great  Britain,  varied  Mi 
suit  the  circumstances  of  the  youth  with* 
the  limits  of  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  Pennsyi 
vania  and  New  Jersey;  introduced  with  the 
sense  of  Friends  of  New  England  on  the  sub 
room" full  of  women;  generally  about  50  arelject  of  Education;  and  an  account  of  sona 
employed.  Each  is  furnished  in  the  morning]  schools  in  Great  Britain  ;  to  which  is  addel 
with  a  box  of  coins,  to  be  weighed  and  ad-j  Observations  and  Remarks  for  the  consider 
justed  ;  and  for  this  purpose  each  has  a  pair!  tion  of  Friends."  In  this  Essay  the  necessitffl 
of  such  delicate  scales,  that  should  a  sli p  of  for  such  a  school  is  dwelt  upon— it  is  urge! 
paper  be  weighed  on  them,  and  then  takejthat  there  is  wealth  enough  in  the  Societa 
and  write  one's  name  on  it  with  a  pencil  and  for  its  support — that  it  would  be  of  advantagfc 
weigh  again,  the  weight  will  be  visibly  in-  to  youth  who  could  not  obtain  an  education 
creased.  But  in  adjusting  the  coin,  each  has  in  any  other  way.  The  importance  of  tbl 
jalso  a  zinc  tray,  and  a  nice  little  file  with'  preparation  of  teachers  whose  example  would 
which  to  file  off  enough  out  of  the  edges  to]  be  of  happy  influence  in  remote  seminaries, 
make  the  balance  from  such  as  may  be  too  is  presented,  and  the  belief  expressed  thai 
heavy;  whilst  any  which  may  be  too  light  "such  an  institution  could  not  fail  to  add  to 
are  consigned  to  the  tray  along  with  the  til-  the  reputation  of  the  Societ}'.  and  perhaps 
ings  from  the  others.  I  would  have  a  tendency  to  diffuse  the  princi- 

In  passing  through  one  of  the  hallways,  pies  of  light  and  truth  which  we  profess,  by 
our  genial  guide  shewed  us  a  room  in  which  awakening  a  spirit  of  inquiry  amongst  thfl 
was  then  stored  twenty  millions  of  gold  coinJ  people."  All  of  which  is  so  obvious  that  we 
Well,  we  will  have  to  stop    particularizing,!  need  not  dwell  thereon. 

else  our  article  will  get  to  be  longer  than  in- 1  Among  those  who  were  anxious  for  thf 
teresting,  and  simply  give  a  few  statistics  of  establishment  of  a  school  for  poor  children 
this,  the  greatest  money-making  institution]  was  Governor  John  Dickinson,  of  Wilming- 
(mint)  that  ever  stood  on  this  earth,  that  ton,  Delaware.  He  and  his  wife  had  correi 
either  history  or  tradition  gives  any  account  ponded  with  the  trustees  of  the  Nottingham 
of.  Its  capacity  is  more  than  all  the  other  School  on  the  subject.  He  developed  a  plan 
mints  of  the  U.  S.  combined,  and  three  times,  for  the  guidance  of  Friends,  which  was  ij 
as  large  as  the  Royal  Mint  of  England. 

It   takes   two  large   engines  to   drive  the 


many  respects  excellent,  and  portions  of 
which  have  been  carried  out  in  the  present 
Westtown  School. 

The  advice  of  a  scholar  and  statesman  oi 
high  position  and  commanding  worth,  who] 


machinery,  with  a  capacity  of  250  horse 
power.  At  present  250  hands  are  employed, 
but  the  full  complement  before  hydraulic  min- 
ing was  stopped,  was  300.  Should  they  start' had  won  the  admiration  of  the  learned  on 
in  of  a  morning  with  the  full  force  of  the' both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  as  a  political  write! 
mint,  to  coin  twenty -dollar  pieces,  they  can' distinguished  for  his  perspicuity,  vigor  and 
turn   out  one   million   dollars  in  their  day's  flowing  eloquence — whose  state  papers  issue! 


work  of  eight  hou 

It  is  no  uncommon  thing  to  see  four-horse 
trucks  with  about  two  million  dollars  of  silver 
bullion,  pulling  up  to  its  doors  to  unload. 
And  in  a  place  like  this,  where  so  much  of 
the  precious  metal  is  melted,  and  hammered, 
and  tossed  about,  there  necessarily  will  be 
some  that  will  fly  round  in  fine  dust.  In 
order  to  save  this,  they  have  about  1000  feet 


by  the  early  American  Congress,  elicited  the 
ardent  eulogy  of  Lord  Chatham — was  oi 
timely  service  to  Friends,  inexperienced  and 
moving  with  doubting  tread.  As  president 
of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Penn- 
sylvania at  this  time  (1782-1785)  his  opinion 
was  judicious  and  tar-seeing.  He  advised 
Friends  to  fix  the  price  of  tuition  very  low  td 
one  class  of  pupils,  and  that  another  should 


of  piping  laid  over  the  roof  of  the  building,  be  sustained  by  a  fund  contributed   by  thj 
through  which  the  smoke  from  the  furnaces  liberality  of  the  friends  of  the  School.     Hr 


THE    FRIEND. 


403 


groover,  recommended  that  the  school  pro- 
sed should  be  built  not  nearer  than  twenty 
les,  nor  further  than  thirty  miles  distant 
nn  Philadelphia,  in  order  for  the  conveni- 
ee   of  Friends    superintending   the   same, 
so,  that  a  tract  of  land  of  not  less  than  500 
teres  should  be  purchased.     All  these  instruc- 
ions  the  friends  of  the  present  school  have 
o  closely  observed,  that  it  would  appear  that 
hey  must  have  regarded  Governor  Dickin- 
on's  advice  as  eminently  judicious. 

Governor  Dickinson  was  so  well  pleased 
vith  the  sentiments  contained  in  Owen's 
lamphlet,  that  he  expressed  the  hope  that 
hey  would  so  generally  prevail  as  to  be 
lonorable  to  the  Society  by  promoting  the 
iappiness  of  thousands  yet  unborn.  He  also 
cnt  a  tangible  evidence  of  his  approbation 
)y  accompanying  his  letter  with  a  deed  of 
onveyance  for  a  lot  of  land,  as  the  joint  con- 
ribution  of  himself  and  wife,  which  property 
s  still  in  possession  of  Westtown  School. 

The  wisdom  of  the  counsellor  ran  far  ahead 
)f  the  capacity  of  the  counselled  to  receive, 
md  bapp}-  had  it  been  had  they  early  seen 
with  him,  and  had  put  in  practice  his  sage 
idvice,  and  adopted  methods  which  the  edu- 
lated  and  thoughtful  of  this  day  perceive  are 
Absolutely  demanded.  Governor  Dickinson 
Wisely  recommended  that  the  children,  instead 
bf  spending  their  time  in  play,  be  instructed 
in  agriculture,  gardening,  mechanics,  manu- 
factures, preparation  of  medicines,  and  in 
household  management,  &c,  in  such  mannei 
:is  to  he  recreation  and  amusement  to  them."' 
By  the  year  1792,  the  leaven  of  Biddle's 
pamphlet  had  begun  to  work,  and  the  concern 
had  sofaradvanccd  that  the  Quarterly  Meeting 
of  Philadelphia  sent  up  to  the  Yearly  Meeting 
a  proposition  for  the  establishment  of  a  hoard 
ing  school  for  the  children  of  Friends.  It 
was,  however,  after  discussion,  left  under 
consideration  for  another  year.  At  the  next 
"Yearly  Meeting  (1793)  a  fatal  pestilence  was 
raging  in  the  city,  and  it  became  so  highly 
destructive,  and  so  alarming,  that  little  busi 
ness  was  transacted,  and  the  subject  of  the 
school  was  again  postponed  to  "a  more  con 
venient  season." 

*  "  There  was  no  actor  in  the  Revoluion,"  says  Judge 
Conrad,  "whose  life  and  character  were  more  direct 
and  transparent,  nor  any  man  in  our  public  councils 
whose  integrity,  courage  and  devotion  were  more  un- 
questionable than  those  of  John  Dickinson."  He  was 
ever  the  warm  advocate  and  supporter  of  the  cause  of 
education  and  friend  of  literary  institutions.  Of  this 
he  gave  evidence  by  endowing  Dickinson  College,  at 
Carlisle,  Penna.,  which  perpetuates  his  name,  though 
it  was  not  needed  to  preserve  his  memory.  He  pre- 
sented to  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  £100,  the 
interest  of  which  was  to  be  given  as  often  as  the  trus- 
tees thought  fit,  to  the  student  who  should  compose 
the  best  dissertation  on  the  following  subjects  :  "  1.  A 
zeal  for  religion  clear  of  bigotry  and  enthusiasm.  2. 
A  liberality  of  sentiment  unstained  by  licentiousness. 

3.  A  purity  of  manner  free  from   censorial  austerity. 

4.  What  are  the  proper  measures  to  be  adopted  by 
government  for  promoting  habits  of  piety  among  the 
people.  5.  No  one  or  more  of  the  United  States  can 
ever  derive  so  much  happiness  from  a  dissolution  of 
the  Union  as  from  its  continuance." 

The  titles  of  the  above  indicate  that  he  was  much  in 
accord  with  Friends,  though  he  may  not  have  retained 
his  membership  in  the  Society.  His  wives  were  mem- 
bers. The  first  was  Mary,  daughter  of  the  2nd  Isaac 
Norris,  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  ;  and 
the  Sfcond,  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  Logan,  of  Stenton, 
Germantown.  His  daughter  Sarah,  who  died  single 
in  1855,  aged  84  years,  and  Maria,  who  married 
Albanus  Logan,  of  Germantown,  were  doubtless  known 
to  many  of  our  aged  readers.  Governor  Dickinsoi 
closed  bis  honorable  career  on  the  14th  of  Second  mo, 
1808,  at  Wilmington,  aged  76  years. 


In  1794  the  proposition  from  Philadelphia 
Quarterly  Meeting  again  claimed  considera- 
tion. A  committee  took  it  under  care,  and 
their  deliberations  resulted  in  a  report  that 
£5000  had  already  been  secured  towards  such 
a  school,  and  that  they  were  united  in  senti- 
ment that  if  managed  with  religious  care  and 
circumspection,  it  may  tend  to  the  prosperity 
of  Truth,  and  promote  the  real  good  of  the 
rising  generation,  and  recommended  it  to  the 
patronage  of  the  Yearly  Meeting.  Shortly 
after  the  close  of  the  Yearly  Meeting,  George 
Churchman  having  reminded  John  Eliot,  of 
London,  that  he  had  expressed  a  willingness 
to  contribute  to  the  school  whenever  estab- 
lished, the  London  merchant  generously  pre- 
sented £100  to  the  incipient  institution. 

To  carry  into  effect  the  decision  of  the 
Yearly  Meeting  of  1794,  the  following  named 
Friends  were  appointed:  Henry  Drinker, 
Owen  Biddle,  John  Drinker,  Thomas  Fisher, 
Jesse  Foulke,  Joshua  Foulke,  John  Shoe- 
maker, David  dimming,  Joseph  Potts,  Robert 
Kirkbride,  William  Blakey,  John  Stapler, 
Samuel  Smith  (Bucks),  Samuel  Canby,  John 
Pierce,  Roger  Dick,  Josiah  Bunting,  Samuel 
P.  Griffiths,  William  Jackson,  Humphrey 
Marshall,  John  Jones,  Joshua  E.  Pusey,  Sam- 
uel Howell,  Thomas  Stewardson,  John  Field, 
Thomas  Morris,  Warner  Mifflin,  John  Needles, 
Robert  Moore,  Benjamin  Clark,  Peter  Ellis, 
John  Hoskins,  Caleb  Carmalt,  George  Church- 
man, Joseph  Sansom,  John  Cox,  John  Wistar, 
Benjamin  Swett,  John  Reeve,  John  Collins, 
Joseph  Shotwell,  Britton  White,  William 
Hartshorne,  Henry  Clifton,  John  Morton, 
Nicholas  Wain,  Samuel  Smith  (Pbilad'a), 
Jonathan  Evans,  Jr.  Among  those  above 
named  we  may  recognize  the  intellectual 
ability  and  educated  influence  of  the  Yearly 
Meeting  at  that  time.     At  the  Yearly  Meet 


by  John  Dawson  Coats,  late  deceased,  a  ban- 
ker of  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  another  by  Robert 
Grubb,  of  Clonmel,  Ireland,  of  100  guineas, 
may  be  especially  noticed.  A  site  for  the 
building  was  chosen  on  a  very  eligible  spot, 
and  preparations  made  for  a  building  to  ac- 
commodate 150  pupils,  which  it  was  decided 
should  be  opened  on  6th  of  Fifth  month, 
1799,  with  Philip  Price,  Jr.,  as  temporary 
Superintendent  until  Joshua  Sharpless  should 
take  charge  on  Fourth  mo.  1st,  1800.  Though 
one  hundred  and  thirty-three  were  upon  the 
register  at  the  date  of  opening,  but  ten  of  each 
sex  were  alone  received;  arrangements  for 
others  were  soon  after  made,  and  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  winter  the  students  numbered 
one  hundred  of  each  sex. 

The  minutes  of  the  committee  from  the 
beginning,  having  been  published  in  "The 
Friend,"  vol.  L  V.,  it  is  not  necessary  to  further 
dwell  upon  the  opening  labors  of  the  excellent 
and  able  Friends  who  have  left  us  so  admira- 
ble a  monument  of  their  philanthropy  and 
christian  devotion  to  the  interests  of  posterity. 

Our  late  excellent  and  accomplished  Friend 
Robert  Smith,  when  editor  of  "The  Friend," 
after  having  seen  more  than  fifty  years  of  the 
progress  of  Westtown,  wrote  as  follows :  "We 
can  well  remember  the  deep  and  lively  con- 
cern in  the  origin  and  establishment  of  that 
Institution  by  many  of  the  brightest  orna- 
ments of  our  religious  Society  at  that  period. 
Perhaps  it  may  be  conceded  that  the  hopeful 
anticipation  of  benefits  thence  to  be  derived,  have 
not  hitherto  to  the  full  extent  been  realized.  It 
has  had  difficulties  of  various  kinds  to  over- 
come— has  experienced  its  vicissitudes  and 
depressions.  The  plan,  however,  always  ap- 
peared to  us  a  beautiful  one;  the  endowment 
upon  a  scale  of  liberality  highly  creditable  to 
the  Society,  and  located  as  it  is,  upon  one  of 


n  Tenth  month,  1795,  the  names  of  Philip  the   most   charming   and    healthful  spots  in 


Price,  Jr.,  James  Emlen,  William  Savery  and 
Eli  Y'arnall  were  added  to  the  above  com- 
mittee. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  committee, 
Humphrey  Marshall,  Jonathan  Evans  and 
Owen  Biddle,  and  eleven  others,  were  named 
to  view  the  site  for  the  school  that  might  be 
thought  likely  to  answer  the  proposed  purpose. 
Among  these  sites,  "Langhorne  Park,"  on 
the  Neshaminy  Creek,  in  Bucks  County,  one 
near  Mount  Holl}',  New  Jersey,  and  others, 
were  examined,  but  that  offered  by  James 
Gibbons  at  Westtown,  Chester  County,  con- 
taining 595  acres,  was  most  favorably  regard- 
ed, and  was  accordingly  purchased  at  £10  per 
acre,  Pennsylvania  currency,  which  was  at 
that  time  but  about  27  dollars  of  Federal 
money,  or  our  present  currency.* 

Man}-  generous  contributions  were  soon 
made;  one  of  a  bequest  of  500  pounds  sterling 

*  In  James  Gibbons  we  find  another  Friend  who 
took  a  lively  interest  in  the  cause  of  education,  and 
who  exhibited  his  desire  to  encourage  and  aid  the 
cause  by  selling  his  fine  estate  at  much  less  than  its 
actual  value.  James  Gibbons  was  a  remarkable  man, 
a  diligent  student  who  became  an  accomplished  scholar, 
a  linguist,  a  mathematician,  though  educated  chiefly 
in  his  father's  house.  He  was  for  some  time  treasurer 
of  Chester  County,  and  was  a  representative  of  the 
county  in  the  General  Assembly  for  three  years  imme- 
diately preceding  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  the  Surveyor,  Conveyancer  and  peace-maker  of  his 
township.  A  non-combatant,  as  became  a  Friend,  he 
retired  from  public  service  on  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  but  in  private  pursuits  was  a 
valuable  and  honored  citizen.  For  further  informa- 
tion respecting  this  Friend,  see  "The  Friend,"  vol. 
LV.,  pp.  195.  222.     ■ 


America;  we  have  never  wavered  in  the 
lief,  that  under  a  liberal  and  well  organized 
administration  of  its  concerns,  it  would  ulti- 
mately triumph  over  every  obstacle,  be  a 
blessing  to  succeeding  times,  an  inheritance 
transcendently  superior  to  mere  pecuniary 
accumulations." 


Sympathy  has  never  a  harder  task  than 
when  it  finds  itself  in  presence  of  suffering 
which  it  is  powerless  to  alleviate  ;  and  it  never 
is  of  greater  value  or  greater  helpfulness  than 
just  there  and  then.  It  is  comparatively  a 
light  task  to  bend  in  sympathy  over  the  suf- 
fering, when  one's  every  touch  takes  away 
some  of  the  pain,  and  the  hopeful  eyes  of  the 
patient  follow  with  gratitude  every  motion 
of  him  that  ministers.  But  when  the  wound 
is  beyond  human  skill,  and  all  that  one  can 
do,  is  to  stand  by  in  silent  or  in  softly  spoken 
sympathy,  and  see  a  loved  one  racked  with 
pain  which  none  can  remove,  then  comes  the 
truest  test  of  the  worth  of  sympathy.  The 
kindly  offices  of  sympathy  are  then  most 
precious,  precisely  because  they  cost  so  largely, 
and  can  effect  so  little.  But  there  are  deeper 
needs  in  the  human  soul  than  the  alleviations 
of  either  bodily  pain  or  mental  anguish  ;  and 
it  is  these  needs  which  are  met  by  the  pres- 
ence of  that  sympathy  which  is  so  powerless 
for  things  merely  material.  Though  the  pain 
may  be  no  whit  the  less,  a  new  strength 
comes  to  the  sufferer  when  he  knows  that  a 
fellow-heart  is  suffering  with  him,  and  is 
sending  up  aspirations,  though  seemingly  in 
vain,  for  his  quick  deliverance.    The  wounded 


404 


THE    FRIEND. 


beast  ma}-  have  no  other  need  than  to  crawl 
away  into  some  dark  spot  and  moan  its  life 
out  in  loneliness;  but  from  cradle  to  grave  no 
man  lives  to  himself  alone,  and  none  has  a 
right  to  refuse,  when  need  comes,  to  fulfil  the 
kindly  duty  of  comforting  his  brother.  Al- 
leviate bodily  and  mental  pain  when  you  can  ; 
but  when  the  call  of  duty  comes  for  your 
sympathy  in  a  case  where  you  can  do  neither, 
know  that  your  ready  answer  to  that  call 
will  do  more  for  the  sufferer  than  the  outward 
eye  will  see;  for  by  your  presence  you  will 
share  the  burden  which  you  cannot  lift,  and 
your  strength  will  strengthen  the  weakness 
which  you  cannot  remove.  In  this  way  one 
can  help  to  bear  what  must  still  remain 
another's  burden,  and  so  he  may  fulfil  the 
law  of  Christ. 


Religious  Views  and  Tenets. 

Elihu  told  us  a  good  while  ago  that  "  There 
is  a  spirit  in  man  ;  and  the  inspiration  of  the 
Almighty  giveth  them  understanding."  And 
many  in  this  more  enlightened  gospel  day, 
could  have  testified  to  the  reality  of  this  im- 
mediate divine  inspiration,  if  Elihu  had  re- 
mained silent  upon  it.  For,  without  this 
same  inspiring  breath  that  was  breathed  on 
man  in  the  first  place,  and  caused  him  to  be- 
come a  living  soul,  what  are  we!  We  are 
nothing  in  relation  to  heavenly  things,  and  I 
can  do  nothing,  having  lost  the  divine  life  in 
the  fall.  So  we  need  the  immediate  inspira- 
tion of  the  Almighty  to  give  us  light  and  life, 
and  an  understanding  of  his  ways.  ''For  the 
things  of  God  knoweth  no  man  but  by  the 
spirit  of  God." 

Paul  was  a  learned  man,  and  mighty  in  the' 
Jewish  religion,  yet  it  took  a  light  above  the! 
brightness  of  the  sun  at  noon-day,  to  convince 
him  that  Jesus  was  the  Christ.  But  when  I 
he  had  his  eyes  opened  to  behold  the  heavenly  j 
vision,  he  was  commissioned  by  the  same 
Jesus  that  he  had  been  persecuting,  and  sent 
forth  to  the  Gentiles  to  open  their  eyes,  spirit-] 
ually,  and  to  turn  them  from  the  darkness 
within,  to  the  light  within,  and  from  the 
power  of  Satan  unto  God;  that  they  might | 
receive  forgiveness  of  sins  and  an  inheritance! 
among  them  that  are  sanctified.  And  this  is 
what  we  need  as  individuals  and  as  a  church. 
We  want  our  spiritual  eyes  opened,  and  to  be 
turned  from  darkness  that  is  in  us  by  nature, 
to  the  light  which  has  appeared  to  all ;  and 
from  the  power  that  Satan  has  over  the  un- 
renewed man,  to  that  Gospel,  which  Paul 
says  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation,  and 
which  gives  us  an  inheritance  with  the  saints 
in  light.  But  it  must  be  through  faith  in  the 
operations  of  the  spirit  and  light  of  Jesus, 
which  man}-  appear  to  be  turning  away  from 
or  persecuting.  But  He  still  comes  to  his 
own,  now,  in  spirit,  as  he  did  to  the  Jews 
outwardly.  And  such  as  receive  Him,  and 
believe  on  Him,  to  them  He  gives  power  to 
become  his  sons.  But  we  must  use  this 
power  before  we  are  saved  by  it. 

And  now,  in  this  day  of  intellectual  culture, 
while  Satan  is  so  busily  and  brilliantly  passing 
amongst  us  as  an  angel  of  light,  show  is  too 
often  taken  for  substance,  and  a  fair  name, 
though  empty,  is  taken  for  reality.  And 
thus  many  appear  to  be  striving  to  climb  to 
heaven  on  an  intellectual  ladder,  instead  of 
the  way  of  the  cross.  Or,  as  we  might  say, 
by  a  head-knowledge  of  the  Scripture,  instead 
of  the  more  arduous   but  spiritual  way  of 


Him  who  is  the  only  way,  the  truth  and  the 
life.  And  the  new  and  living  way  of  Christ 
is  open  to  all;  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the 
learned  and  the  unlearned,  the  high  and  the 
low. 

But  the  learned — the  lofty  speculative  ones, 
will  have  to  come  down  from  imaginations 
and  every  high  thing  that  has  hitherto  ex- 
alted them,  and  kept  them  above  the  true 
knowledge  of  Him,  whom  to  know  in  spirit 
and  in  truth,  is  life  eternal.  Head  knowledge 
satisfies  the  unrenewed  man,  as  it  gives  him 
a  fair  name  among  men,  and  induces  him  to 
settle  down  in  a  false  rest.  But  the  spiritual, 
heavenly  minded  man  is  not  satisfied  short  of 
that  knowledge  or  power  which  changes  the 
heart  and  sets  it  free  from  the  law  of  sin  and 
death.  Now,  there  is  as  much  difference  be- 
tween the  two  ways  that  I  have  been  a  little 
alluding  to,  as  there  is  between  Christ  and 
Belial.  "  For  what  fellowship  has  righteous- 
eousness  with  unrighteousness?  and  what 
communion  hath  light  with  darkness?"  So 
we  need  not  marvel  that  the  two  contending 
elements  which  now  make  such  sorrowful 
rents  and  divisions  amongst  us  as  a  people, 
and  perhaps  in  all  Christendom,  cannot  har- 
monize. They  may  be  kept  in  check,  so  as 
not  to  come  out  in  open  and  reproachful  con- 
tact ;  but  there  can  be  no  peace  between  the 
soldiers  of  Christ  and  anti-Christ.  Our  Sav- 
iour himself  made  no  compromise  with  those 
who  defiled  the  temple  at  Jerusalem,  but  cast 
all  out.  And  while  ho  showed  the  utmost 
compassion  for  sinners,  yet  he  was  severe  on 


ness!  Then  would  the  feeble  veterans,  like 
the  one  now  holding  the  pen,  and  who  often 
worships,  "leaning  on  the  top  of  his  staff," 
rejoice,  and  the  true-hearted  remnant  be  glad. 
D.  H. 
Dublin,  Ind.,  Seventh  mo.  13,  1884. 


SET  YOUR  AFFECTIONS  ON  THINGS  ABOVE. 
Vain  are  all  terrestrial  pleasures, 

Mixed  with  dross  the  purest  gold; 
Seek  we  then  for  heavenly  treasures, 

Treasures  never  growing  old. 
Let  our  best  affections  centre, 

On  the  things  around  the  throne; 
There  no  thief  can  ever  enter, 

Moth  and  rust  are  there  unknown. 

Earthly  joys  no  longer  please  us, 

Here  would  we  renounce  them  all, 
Seek  our  only  rest  in  Jesus, 

Him,  our  Lord  and  Master  call. 
Faith,  our  languid  spirits  cheering, 

Points  to  brighter  worlds  above  ; 
Bids  us  look  for  his  appearing; 

Bids  us  triumph  in  his  love. 

Let  our  lights  be  always  burning 

And  our  loins  be  girded  round, 
Waiting  for  our  Lord's  returning, 

Longing  for  the, joyful  sound  ; 
Thus  the  Christian's  life  adorning, 

Never  need  we  be  afraid, 
Should  He  come  at  night,  or  morning, 

Early  dawn  or  evening  shade. 


WHOSE  SERVICE  IS  PERFECT  FREEDOM. 

BY    MARGARET   E.   SANGSTER. 
In  olden  days  of  high  heroic  fame, 

When  Rome's  strong  eagles  o'er  the  wide  world  flown, 
Sin.  'Saw  everywhere  the  dazzling  Roman  name, 

While   spiritual  death    is   the  wages  which  |      And  swept  their  wings  above  the  imperial  throne,— 
the  sinner  receives  from   him  who  rules  and  , Then  oft  the  conquered,  clanking  chains,  alas! 
reigns  in  the  hearts  of  the  children  of  disobe-jBeneath  tlie  y°ke  were  made  llke  slaves  t0  Pass- 
dience  ;  eternal  life  is  the  gift,  or  wages,  which  .That  yoke,  two  gleaming  spears  in  mid-air  thrust, 
the  obedient  receive  from  God,  through  Him       A  third  crossed  o'er  them  in  the  tear-dimmed  air; 
who  is  their  li.rht  and  life.     And  this  eternal  While  under  this,  eyes  shame-bent  to  the  dust, 
life,  the  true  christian  is  at  time- .permitted  L  ™£  ^Z^^™^ 
to  enjoy  while  passing  through  this  prona-|  And  fa|teri„g  standard  "by  such  vows  upheld, 
tionary  world,  as  a  refreshing  reward  and  aj 
chorions   foretaste  of  that   joy    unspeakable ,  I  ope  the  hook  whose  very  look  is  peace, 

ZhW.U  „,„;„  .no  ,.i„ht«n.,a  in   mnr«  r.ansf.nnt.l     ,TI>e  dear  words  soothe  me  for  the  hundredth  time ; 

The  rhythm  of  a  song  that  shall  not  cease 


which  awaits  the  righteous  in  more  constant 
and  full  fruition  in  the  world  to  come. 

So,  thou  weary  christian  traveller  through 
this  probationary  world,  let  me  say  to  thee, 
in  the  language  of  our  Saviour,  that  although 
times  of  tribulations  may  still  be  permitted 
to  come  upon  thee  for  thy  further  purification, 
"  Be  of  good  cheer.  I  have  overcome  the 
world.  And  to  him  that  overeometh,  will  I 
grant  to  sit  with  me  on  my  throne,  even  as 
1  overcame  and  am  set  down  with  my  Father 
on  his  throne."  He  overcame  the  tempter 
when  he  offered  him  all  the  kingdoms  of  this 
world,  and  the  glory  of  them  ;  and  we  must 
overcome  also.  For  "  the  disciple  is  not  above 
his  master,  nor  the  servant  above  his  Lord. 
It  is  enough  for  the  disciple  that  he  be  as  his 
master,  and  the  servant  as  his  lord."  He 
bore  the  cross  for  us ;  and  we  must  bear  the 
cross  for  him.  He  prayed  for  his  persecutors, 
saying,  "  Father,  forgive  them,  for  they  know 
not  what  they  do."  And  we  must  pray  for 
those  who  persecute  us;  for  blindness  has  in 
part  happened  unto  them,  and  they  know  not 
what  they  do.  They  "  put  evil  for  good,  and 
good  for  evil.  Darkness  for  light,  and  light 
for  darkness."  Having  eyes  they  see  not, 
and  having  ears  they  hear  not,  neither  do 
they  understand.  But  blessed  are  your  eyes, 
for  they  sec :  anil  your  ears,  for  thoy  hear. 

O,  that  the  Lord  would  again  bring  back 
the  captivity  of  his  people,  in  purified  bright- 


Breaks  gladly  on  mine  ear  in  chords  sublime: 
"  Come  unto  me,  O  heavy-laden  one," 
I  hear  the  voice  of  the  eternal  Son. 

"  My  yoke  upon  you  take,  for  it  is  light." 

Yes,  Lord,  they  prove  it  so  who  walk  with  thee. 

No  spear-point  there,  but  gleaming  pure  and  white, 
Above  earth's  gloom,  the  cross  of  Calvary. 

The  only  free  are  they  who  take  thy  hand, 

And  find  the  stormy  world  Immanuel's  land. 

^^^^^^        —S.  S.  Times. 

11th  mo.  30th,  1837.  Visited  a  young  man 
in  the  hospital,  who  has  just  arrived  here  as 
a  convict.  His  family  were  formerly  in  com- 
fortable circumstances  in  England.  He  ap- 
pears to  have  long  strayed  from  the  paths  of 
virtue  ;  but  the  laws  of  his  country  have  now 
arrested  his  wild  career,  and  he  is  sensible  of 
his  deplorable  situation.  I  was  led  to  com- 
miserate his  case,  thinking  it  very  possible 
that,  though  the  hand  of  human  justice  has 
overtaken  him,  and  he  is  doomed  to  several 
years  of  painful  and  degrading  exile,  yet  that 
in  reality  he  may  not  have  been  more  evil- 
disposed  than  some  others  who  have  escaped 
the  laws  of  man,  and  who  have  in  a  still 
greater  degree  trangressed  the  laws  of  a 
righteous  God.  and  been  still  more  offensive 
in  His  sight.  Amongst  those  I  feel  willing 
to  number  myself,  remembering,  as  I  write 
the  words  of  tbo  compassionate  Saviour,  "Or 
those  eighteen  on  whom  tho  tower  of  Siloam 


THE    FRIEND. 


405 


fell  and  slew  them,  think  ye  that  they  were 
sinnersaboveall  men  that  dwell  in  Jerusalem  ? 
I  tell  you  nay;  but  except yo  repent, ye  shall 
all  likewise  perish." — Daniel  Wheeler. 

Sowing  Wild  Oats. 

From  "Letters  to  Young  Men"  by  J.  M.  Buck- 
ley in  the  Christian  Advocate. 

(Concluded  from  page  396.) 

.  The  popular  errors  on  this  subject  are  that 
it  is  a  necessity  for  a  young  man  to  sow  wild 
oats.  It  is  not  a  necessity.  It  is  a  monstrous 
impeachment  of  God's  wisdom  and  goodness 
to  say  that  it  is.  For,  if  it  is,  God  must  have 
60  constituted  them  that  it  cannot  be  other- 
wise. Yet  He  has  made  laws  which  prohibit 
the  very  acts  which  are  said  to  be  neces- 
sary. Many  properly  trained  do  not  sow  wild 
oats  in  any  sense  here  contemplated.  They 
have  all  the  passion,  ardor,  enthusiasm,  inde- 
pendence, and  the  positiveness  of  headstrong 
thinking ;  but  under  parental  training  are 
taught  the  evils  of  such  courses,  and  escape. 
This  cannot  be  wholly  the  result  of  their 
training,  but  involves  their  own  free  consent. 
Many  without  special  training,  exercising 
sound  common-sense,  survey  the  tendencies 
of  such  conduct,  turn  away,  and  walk  therein 
no  more.     One  of  the  most  honorable  incr- 


The  expectation  that  those  who  have  sowed 
their  wild  oats  may  be  expected  to  settle 
down  to  steady  habits  is  in  most  cases  a  de- 
lusion. How  are  they  to  settle  down  to 
steady  habits  ?  Habit  is  slowly  formed.  No 
man  can  form  a  habit  in  a  day,  a  week,  or  a 
month.  They,  however,  have  formed  habits 
the  reverse  of  steady.  They  are  bound  by  these 
habits.  The  passions  have  maintained  their 
ascendency  for  the  most  formative  periods  of 
their  lives,  and  when  the}'  would  reform,  their 
old  companions  cling  to  them  with  demoniacal 
affection  which  is  harder  to  break  away  from 
than  the  grasp  of  a  giant  or  even  the  power 
of  a  physical  disease.  That  they  may  and 
do  reform  in  some  instances  is  undeniable. 
But  in  a  majority  of  cases  they  do  not;  for 
their  wills  grow  weaker,  while  their  passions 
grow  stronger,  and  soon  become  morbid.  In 
most  instances  it  is  folly  to  expect  any  thing 
better  than  the  inactivity  and  stupor  of  a 
worn-out  debauchee.  When  the  reformation 
is  made  the  following  effects  remain  :  Stains 
of  guilt;  sources  of  doubt  and  temptation; 
evil  mental  and  physical  habits;  unpleasant 
memories; 

Youth  lost  in  dissipation  we  deplore, 

Through  life's  sad  remnant,  what  no  sighs  restore. 

It  has  now  been  a  long  time  since  a  man 
handed  me  in  a  railway  train  a  little  pamphlet 


chants  of  Philadelphia  was  drawn  into  the,  which  I  have  often  read,  and  every  word  of 
society  of  wild  young  men,  and  began  with)  which  since  seen  fulfilled, 
them  to  sow  wild  oats.  One  day,  in  a  fit  of,  "  I  have  seen  wild  oats  sown  and  grown.  I 
thoughtfulness,  he  reasoned  thus  :  "  This  will  have  seen  the  harvest.  I  have  seen  the  fatal 
not  do  for  me.  We  shall  all  be  ruined  if  we,  brand  of  lust  upon  the  beastly  countenance, 
continue.  I  will  stop  at  once."  The  nextjl  have  seen  the  blear  of  drunkenness  in  the 
day,  meeting  four  of  his  companions,  who  pro-  reddened  eye.  I  have  seen  the  restless  twitch 
posed  another  bout,  he  said,  "No,  sir,  I  am|of  the  shattered  nerves.  I  have  seen  the 
done  with  this."  And  of  such  instances  there  stiffened  gait  of  the  ruined  debauchee,  and 
are  many.  It  is  necessary  in  no  other  sense  the  sneaking  glance  that  told  that  nothing 
than  it  is  for  thieves  to  be  dishonest,  or  for  but  brass  could  make  him  hold  up  his  head 
profane  swearers  to  take  the  name  of  God  in  before  the  world.  I  have  seen  the  wasted 
vain.  No  one  act  is  necessary.  It  is  not' form,  the  sunken  cheeks  and  the  hectic 
necessary  to  drink,  to  gamble,  to  pilfer  orlflush.  I  have  heard  the  shatttered  voice,  the 
borrow,  to  break  the  Sabbath,  to  neglect!  hollow  cough,  the  sad  confession  of  vain  re- 
business,  or  to  indulge  in  corrupt  amusements. 'grets.  Aye,  I  have  preached  Christ  through 
but  if  no  one  of  the  acts  involved  in  sowing  'grated  windows  and  in  gloomy  cells,  and 
Mild  oats  be  necessary,  the  whole  cannot  be  through   the  long,  stony  corridors,   whence 

bars  and  bolts  shut  the  freedom  of  light  and 
life.  And  I  have  looked  on  fetters,  and  looked 
on  a  young  man  guilty  of  bis  brother's  blood, 


Decessaiy. 

He  who  sows  wild  oats  gives  himself  for 
awhile  up  to  the  dominion  of  passion  and 
appetite.  Many  die  from  the  result  of  excess, 
and  the  reputations  of  many  are  stained  for- 
ever. The  carousal  of  a  single  night,  without 
reaching  the  extent  of  intoxication,  may  lay 
the  foundation  of  a  fatal  attack  of  disease. 
The  infamy  of  a  single  act  perpetrated  in  a 
moment  of  frolicsomeness  may  blast  the  name, 
reputation,  and  be  the  first  in  thought  of  all, 
whenever  his  name  is  mentioned,  for  half  a 
life-time.  It  ma}'  thus  blast  his  prospects 
and  obstruct  his  advancement  forever.  Yet 
in  the  height  of  excitement  it  cannot  be  cer- 
tain what  mad  project  will  not  be  proposed 
[next.  The  fever  rises  higher  and  higher. 
Things  which  in  cold  blood  would  have  seemed 
absurd  and  wicked  are  now  performed  reek- 
Jess  of  consequences.  Thus,  property  is  de- 
stroyed, outrageous  insults  offered,  the  rights 
of  the  public  invaded,  the  veil  of  secresy  care- 
lessly thrown  off,  assaults  made,  and  often 
murders  committed,  by  young  men  who, 
twenty  seconds  before,  had  never  thought  of 
'any  of  these  things,  and  who  never  would 
jbave  been  led  into  them  bad  they  not  been 
[sowing  their  wild  oats,  and  been  borne  on 
from  one  act  of  sin  to  another,  until,  step  by 
step,  they  reached  the  dreadful  climax. 


man  _ 
and  amid  it  all  I  have  said,  'This  is  the  bar 
vest  that  comes  from  the  sowing  of  wild  oats.'  " 

Nor  do  I  know  of  better,  stronger,  truer 
words  with  which  to  close  this  letter  than 
those  which  I  found  in  that  same  pamphlet 
placed  in  my  hands  when  comparatively  a 
young  man  by  a  stranger. 

"Young  man,  possessed  of  all  the  grand 
opportunities  of  youthful  life  in  this  swift- 
speeding  age,  will  you  sell  your  birthright  for 
a  summer's  purchase  ?  Will  you,  in  the  beast- 
linesss  of  lust,  in  the  vortex  of  pleasure,  in 
the  red  gleaming  of'the  winecup,in  the  deadl}r 
hallucinations  of  narcotic  drugs,  in  the  plea- 
sures of  riot,  in  the  foul  pestilences  of  diseases, 
in  the  madness  of  the  gaming-table, — will 
you,  can  you,  drown  all  there  is  about  you 
of  purity  and  nobleness,  and  principle  and 
manliness,  and  become  a  poor  degraded, 
wretched  thing  ?  Would  you  find  your  youth 
a  fond  delusion,  your  manhood  a  fruitless 
struggle,  and  your  old  age  a  vain  regret? 
Would  you  spend  a  wreary,  worthless  life,  and 
see  your  sun  go  down  at  noon  ?" 

But  is  there  not  something  weightier  than 
even  these  burning  words?  There  is.  "Be 
not  deceived  ;  God  is  not  mocked  :  for  what- 


soever a  mau  soweth,  that  shall  he  also  reap. 
For  he  that  soweth  to  his  flesh  [that  is,  soweth 
wild  oats]  shall  of  the  flesh  reap  corruption  ; 
but  he  that  soweth  to  the  Spirit  shall  of  the 
Spirit  reap  life  everlasting.  And  let  us  not 
be  weary  in  well-doing:  for  in  due  season 
we  shall  reap,  if  we  faint  not." 

J.  M.  B. 

For  "  The  Friend." 

John  Banks'  Visit  to  Wicklow. 

When  John  Banks  was  in  Ireland  in  1671, 
on  a  religious  visit,  after  attending  the  Half- 
year's  meeting  at  Dublin,  he  says:  "In  the 
evening,  as  I  was  waiting  upon  the  Lord,  a 
great  weight  came  upon  my  spirit,  under 
which  exercise  I  patiently  abode,  until  it 
opened  in  me,  that  I  was  to  go  southward,  to 
a  place  called  Wicklow,  though  I  knew  it  not 
then,  being  twenty-four  miles  south  from 
Dublin,  where  no  meeting  of  Friends  before 
that  time  had  been,  that  1  could  hear  of,  and 
only  one  or  two  friendly  people  in  it." 

"Accordingly  I  went  on  Seventh-day,  and 
two  Friends  with  me,  and  gave  word  that  I 
intended  to  have  a  meeting  in  that  town  next 
day,  being  the  first-day  of  the  week.  The 
report  going  forth,  that  an  English  Quaker 
was  come  to  preach,  there  was  a  mighty 
noise  of  it  in  the  place,  the  people  being  stir- 
red up  by  the  priest.  The  governor,  one 
Hammond,  lived  at  the  castle,  a  garrison  of 
soldiers  being  kept  there;  and  the  priest  la- 
bored much  with  the  governor  aforehand,  as 
I  was  told,  to  put  me  in  prison. 

One  of  the  friendly  men  I  have  mentioned, 
being  a  carpenter,  was  willing  to  let  us  have 
the  benefit  of  his  workhouse  to  meet  in  ;  there 
being  several  Friends  and  friendly  people  come 
out  of  the  countr}' :  and  as  I  was  ready  to  go 
from  the  inn  where  we  lodged,  the  landlady 
said  to  me,  '  For  God's  sake,  go  not  along 
the  street,  for  there  is  a  guard  of  musketeers 
waiting  at  the  cross  to  take  you — I  will  show 
you  a  back  way.'  I  said,  '  I  accept  of  thy 
love,  but  I  must  not  go  any  private  waj',  but 
along  the  town  street ;  for  I  have  a  testimony 
to  bear  for  the  Lord  in  this  town,  in  love  to 
the  souls  of  people.'  So  by  the  time  we  were 
well  seated  in  the  place  as  aforesaid,  before 
my  mouth  was  opened,  came  a  sergeant  with 
a  halbert,  and  a  guard  of  musketeers  with 
him  ;  and  the  sergeant  said,  I  must  go  along 
with  him  before  the  governor.  I  answered, 
'What  authority  has  thou  to  take  me?  If 
thou  hast  a  warrant  so  to  do,  I  shall  go.' 
He  held  out  his  halbert,  and  said,  'This  is 
my  warrant,'  I  said,  '  You  need  not  have 
come  to  us  with  your  swords  and  guns,  as 
those  who  came  against  Christ  with  swords 
and  staves;  we  are  known  to  be  a  peaceable 
people:  howbeit  I  shall  go  with  thee.'  They 
took  me  to  a  house  where  the  priest,  his  wife, 
the  governor,  and  his  man,  and  some  more 
were  collected.  The  priest  being  in  a  rage 
when  I  came  in,  said  to  the  governor,  'Sir, 
this  is  the  deceiver;  this  is  the  deluder  who 
is  come  from  England,  to  delude  people  here; 
I  hope  you  will  do  justice,  and  execute  the 
law."  The  governor  being  pretty  moderate, 
said  nothing  for  some  time;  but  walked  to 
nd  fro,  being  in  a  large  room  ;  and  the  people 
in  an  uproar,  pressed  in  at  the  door.  I  was 
willing  to  let  the  priest  rage  on  a  little,  till  he 
had  vented  himself,  that  be  might  be  the  more 
manifest  to  the  people.  At  last,  I  said  to  him, 
'  Thou  sayest  I  am  a  deceiver,  and  a  deluder.' 
He  answered  in  fury,  '  So  thou  art;  so  thou 


406 


THE    FRIEND. 


art.'  But  I  said,  'Have  patience,  and  let 
thy  moderation  appear  unto  all  men  ;  and 
hear  what  I  have  to  say,  to  clear  myself 
from  thy  false  accusation  ;  for  I  shall  not  take 
thy  assertion  for  proof:  I  have  had  patience 
to  hear  thee ;  art  thou  a  minister  of  Christ  ?' 
'Yes;' said  he  '1  am.'  I  replied,  'But  if  I 
prove  thee  a  liar,  as  by  the  witness  of  this 
people  thou  art,  in  charging  me  with  that 
of  which  thou  canst  bring  no  proof;  thou  art 
out  of  the  doctrine  of  Christ,  and  so  no  minis- 
ter of  Christ,  but  of  anti-Christ,  and  of  thy 
father  the  devil ;  and  therefore  thou  art  the 
deceiver,  and  the  deluder  of  the  people.' 

Upon  this  the  priest's  mouth  was  stopped, 
and  he  made  to  get  out  at  the  door ;  but  the 
people  were  so  thronged,  he  could  not;  then 
I  turned  to  the  people,  '  You  hear,'  said  I, 
'  that  your  minister  hath  charged  me  without 
proof,  that  I  am  a  deceiver  and  a  deluder:  did 
you  ever  see  my  face  before?  or  did  you  ever 
hear  me  speak  before  now?  Which  of  you, 
or  who  have  I  deceived  or  deluded?'  But 
they  were  all  silent :  some  more  words  I  spoke, 
to  manifest  to  the  people,  that  their  minister 
was  no  minister  of'  Christ,  according  to  the 
holy  Scriptures  ;  at  which  the  priest  cried  out 
to  the  governor,  'I  pray  you,  sir,  take  him 
away  ;  I  hope  you  sent  not  for  him  to  let  him 
preach  here.' 

All  this  time  the  governor  was  silent,  and 
I  declaring  God's  everlasting  truth  to  the  peo- 
ple. At  last  the  priest's  wife  said  to  the  gov- 
ernor, 'I  pray  you.  sir,  let  him  not  preach 
here;  commit  him  to  jail ;'  it  being  near  by, 
and  the  jailer  present.  Then  the  governor 
spoke  to  me,  in  answer  to  the  priest's  wife's 
request,  and  said,  'I  am  here  in  place  to  do 
justice,  in  executing  the  law,  which  you  have 
broken,  in  coming  to  this  town  to  keep  an  un- 
lawful meeting  and  conventicle  in  the  time  of 
Divine  service.'  I  said,  I  knew  no  such  ser^ 
vice  performed  in  the  town,  neither  did  I  un- 
derstand that  I  had  broken  any  law.  'How 
can  it  be,  that  I  and  my  friends  have  broken 
the  law,  who  were  not  found  preaching,  read- 
ing, praj-ing,  or  performing  any  exercise  that 
is  looked  upon  to  be  worship  to  God  ;  only  we 
were  met  in  a  peaceable  manner  in  silence, 
waiting  upon,  worshipping,  and  serving  the 
Lord  our  God  in  spirit  and  in  truth.'  'It  is 
no  matter,'  said  the  governor,  'what  you  pre- 
tend ;  you  were  met,  as  before  I  have  said, 
and  1  must  commit  you  to  jail.  Jailor,  take 
him  away.'  A  Friend,  newly  convinced, 
spoke  some  few  words  to  the  priest,  about  his 
accusing  me  falsely;  and  the  priest's  wife 
said,  'Sir,  commit  that  man  too;'  which  he 
did.  Another  friendly  man  also  speaking  to 
the  priest,  his  wife  said  again  to  the  governor, 
'I  pray  you,  sir,  commit~that  man  too;'  and 
so  he  did.  We  three  were  committed  to  pri- 
son (the  priest  standing  all  the  while  silent, 
and  trembling  still ) :  and  when  we  came  forth 
of  the  house,  there  was  a  great  multitude  of 
people,  and  the  jailer  said  to  us,  '  Come  after 
me  :'  (he  lived  above  stairs,  and  the  prisoners 
were  underneath).  He  took  us  into  a  room 
beyond  his  own  dwelling,  which  was  pretty 
large,  and  the  people  came  in  and  filled  up  our 
room,  the  jailer's,  anil  a  part  in  the  third,  and 
the  jailer  hindered  none.  In  a  little  time  my 
mouth  was  opened  in  the  demonstration  of  the 
power  and  Spirit  of  God,  and  I  preached  the 
way  of  life  ami  salvation  to  the  people,  in  and 
through  Jesus  Christ  his  Son,  by  believing  in 
his  pure  light,  and  walking  answerably  to  the 
teachings  of  his  grace,  and  the  reprools  of  his 


holy  Spirit,  by  which  they  might  receive  pow- 
er to  become  the  sons  of  God,  and  to  strength- 
en the  faith  of  those  who  believed  therein. 

It  was  a  blessed  day  for  the  Lord  and  his 
truth,  for  his  heavenly  power  broke  in  upon 
many,  and  several  were  convinced,  and  re- 
ceived the  truth  in  the  love  of  it;  and  many 
made  confession  thereunto,  and  told  the  priest 
they  were  satisfied,  by  what  they  had  heard 
me  speak,  that  I  wTas  no  such  man  as  he  said 
I  was,  and  that  we  were  not  the  people  he 
had  persuaded  them  to  believe.  The  truth 
was  cleared  from  his  aspersions,  by  which  the 
witness  of  God  was  reached  in  peoples'  con- 
sciences, and  they  would  not  let  the  priest 
alone,  till  they  got  him  to  promise  that  he 
would  dispute  with  me;  he  having  boasted 
that  if  he  might  but  have  the  opportunity  to 
manifest  that  deceiver,  he  would.  The  hour 
was  set  next  morning  by  eight  o'clock  ;  and 
they  agreed  that  I  was  to  go  to  the  priest's 
house,  and  the  jailer  with  mc,  who  said,  be- 
fore we  did  go,  '  I  thank  you,  Mr.  Banks,  for 
the  good  sermon  you  have  preached  to  us ; 
for  our  minister  never  preached  us  such  a  one 
in  his  time;  and  I  believe  you  are  no  such 
man  as  he  said  you  were." 

(To  be  concluded.) 


Huge  boulders  of  trap  rock,  each  many  tons 
in  weight,  lie  heaped  upon  each  other  as  thej 
have  fallen  into  the  creek  from  the  great  dyke 
forming  the  hill  to  the  north.  Enormous 
fragments  loosened  from  the  parent  rock  seem 
ready  to  crash  down  the  slope  at  any  moment 
with  destructive  energy.  Some  of  these  show 
the  angles  of  giant  horizontal  basaltic  columns 
ten  feet  or  more  in  diameter,  and  some  fifty 
feet  in  length.  It  is  a  magnificent  example 
of  a  trap  dyke.  The  beauty  of  the  place  hai 
made  it  a  favorite  resort  for  excursion  parties 
and  a  good  hotel  has  recently  been  built  here. 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  distant  is  the  famous 
Elizabeth  Mine,  one  of  the  richest  mineral 
localities  in  the  country.  The  four  hours 
spent  here  were  far  too  short  to  exhaust  the 
varied  mineral  resources  of  this  interesting 
mine.  Specimens  handsome  enough  to  grace 
any  cabinet  lay  in  profusion  on  the  waste 
heaps,  offering  a  rich  harvest  for  the  collector. 
These  mines  have  been  worked  for  both  cop- 
per and  iron,  but  at  present  only  the  iron  is 
utilized. 

The  iron  occurs  here  in  two  forms,  mag- 
netite and  pyrites,  each  in  beautiful  crystals. 
Magnetite  is  a  heavy  black  mineral,  the  most 
valuable  of  the  oxides  of  iron,  and  is  so  called 


from   its   attractability   by  the    magnet.     It 
Natural   History,   Science,  &C.  was   found    both    in   the   usual   octahedrons' 

Field  Lectures  on  Geology. — Professor  II.  and  also  abundantly  in  a  very  rare  form,  hav- 
Carvill  Lewis  continued  his  course  of  instruc-jing  a  foliated  or  micaceous  structure.  Beauti- 
tion  on  Pennsylvania  geolog3T,  by  an  excursion  till  brass-yellow  octahedrons  of  p3-rites  (sul- 
to  northern  Chester  county,  in  the  vicinity  phide  of  iron)  were  found  imbedded  in  a 
of  the  Falls  of  French  Creek.  Starting  from  'calcite  or  in  a  pale  green  fibrous  variety  of 
Broad  Street  Station,  and  going  as  far  as  hornblende,  known  as  byssolite.  The  pyrites 
Coatesville,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad,  ciystals  had  a  bright  polish,  and  were  so me- 
the  class  there  took  a  train  on  the  Wilming- [times  an  inch  in  diameter  and  very  perfect 


ton  and  Northern  Railroad  to  Springfield. 
J  The  ride  up  the  west  branch  of  the  Brandy- 
wine  showed  a  wild,  rugged,  infertile  country, 
very  unlike  southern  Chester  county,  the 
difference  being  due  to  a  change  in  the  geo- 


in  form.  Some  of  them  were  beautifully 
modified,  a  number  of  small  planes  truncating 
the  edges  of  the  crystal. 

Another  metalic  mineral  resembling  pyrites 
except  in   its  deeper  yellow  color  and   less 


logical  formation.  The*  hard,  massive  rocks  j  hardness,  is  chalcopyrite,  or  copper  pyritea 
everywhere  cropping  out  on  the  hillsides  here  This  was  found  both  massive  and  in  beautiful 
belong  to  the  Laurentian  formation,  the  rocks  crystals,  in  the  form  of  tetrahedrons,  some- 
resembling  those  of  northern  Canada  and  the  .times  iridescent  with  a  play  of  colors  on  the 
Adirondack  mountains,  and,  like  them,  inter-  exterior.     Some  crystals  of  this  mineral  were- 


sected  by  man}'  igneous  volcanic  dykes. 

On  arriving  at  Springfield  a  short  walk 
brought  the  party  to  a  very  remarkable  out- 
burst of  trap.     Probably  nowhere  else  in  the 

State  is  there  a  more  striking  example  of  refraction  (Iceland  spar)  ;  some  of  them  pene- 
volcanic  action  than  at  this  point.  In  the  Itrated  by  hair-like  fibres  of  byssolite,  giving  a 
midst  of  a  dense  wood  there  suddenly  appears  J  grass-green  color  to  the  calcite  ;  and  some  ofi 
an  open,  oval  space,  about  an  acre  and  a  half, them  milk  white  and  studded  with  crystals 


found   which  are  probably  larger  and   finer 
than  any  heretofore  discovered  in  America. 
Magnificent  masses  of  calcite  were  collected, 
some  of  them   transparent,   showing  double. 


n  area,  perfectly  bare  of  vegetation  of  any 
kind  and  consisting  of  a  mass  of  basaltic  rock 
fragments,  piled  on  one  another  in  confusion, 
and  reminding  one  of  a  mass  of  molten  slag, 
just  cooled  and  cracked.  When  struck  with 
a  hammer  these  rocks  ring  like  metal,  each 
with  a  different  note,  and  one  of  the  party 
elicited  quite  a  tune  by  means  of  this  rock 
music.  A  stone  dropped  between  the  crevices 
falls  many  feet  before  coming  to  rest,  there 
being  no  dirt  among  the  rocks.  The  absence 
of  dirt  and  vegetation  is  probably  due  to  an 
underground  stream,  which  would  remove 
all  fine  debris.  The  angular  fragments  are 
certainly  due  to  shrinkage  cracks  produced 
during  the  cooling  of  the  molten  mass.  The 
rock  is  not  glassy,  like  a  modern  lava,  but 
has  the  structure  of  cast  iron,  having  cooled 
slowly  and  at  some  depth  beneath  the  original 
surface.     It  is  known  as  dolerite. 

The  next  point  visited  was  the  picturesque 
Falls    of  French    creek,    near    Knauertown. 


I 

•u- 


of  other  minerals.  Calcite  (carbonate  of  lime) 
effervesces  when  touched  with  acid,  and  can 
be  readily  scratched  with  a  knife. — Public 
Ledger. 

Meteors. — Any  clear  and  moonless  evening 
during  the  year,  but  more  especially  durinj 
the  early  part  of  the  Eighth  month,  a  lar; 
number  of  "shooting  stars"  may  be  seen 
The  regular  "August  meteors"  are  conspicu 
ous  about  the  10th,  but  on  either  side  of  that 
date  they  may  be  noticed.  They  constitute, 
an  elliptical  ring  of  little  solid  bodies  encir- 
cling the  sun.  The  earth  moves  through  this 
ring  in  its  onward  course  around  the  sun,-! 
and  by  its  attraction  on  the  little  stones,  draws, 
them  into  itself  and  plows  a  way  through  the 
mass. 

The  meteors  fall  towards  the  earth,  but  as 
soon  as  they  strike  the  atmosphere  they  begint 
to  burn  by  the  friction  produced  by  the  stop 


page  of  their  motion, 


iive  out  the 


lit 


that  wo  sec.     The  large  ones  reach  the  ea'rtl 


THE    FRIEND. 


407 


Iine8  to  the  earth.  But  parallel  lines  pro 
jected  on  the  sphere  of  the  heavens  will  ap- 
pear to  radiate  from  a  common  point.  This 
point  for  the  "August  meteors"  is  in  the  con- 
stellation Perseus;  and  a  meteor  of  this  sys- 
tem may  be  distinguished  from  any  other  by 
the  fact  that  it  will  appear  to  come  from 
the  direction  of  this  constellation. 

A  good  way  to  notice  this  radiation  will  be 
to  make  a  map  of  the  brighter  stars  by  spread 


uneonsumed,  but  the  vast  majority  of  them  Roman  Catholic  Church.     His  belief  in  the  Papal 

are    burnt   up,   and    their   ashes  fall   imper-! Infallibility  was  shaken  by  the  Pope's  decision 

,i  |  '  I  which  annulled  the  marriage  ot  the  Prince  of  Mo- 

c<-         ii.         u    i-  •  „...naco  with  the  daughter  of  the  Duchess  of  Hamilton. 

Since  these  bodies  are  moving  in  para   e  ]Thjs  (Urisi,m  w;l6  in  ,,(intlu.t  with  ;l  decree  of  the 

lines  around  the  sun,  they  will  fall  in  parallel  Council  of  Trent,  that  divorce  was   never  lawful. 

"Papal  infallibility  having  thus  shown  itself  a 
mere  human  invention,  the  Church's  infallibility 
was  also  destroyed,  since  the  infallible  Church  had 
pronounced  him  infallible.  Having  thus  discovered 
that  the  Church  had  erred,  all  the  Romish  doctrines 
which  were  founded  only  on  her  decision  necessa- 
rily fell  to  the  ground.  Consequently,  Transubstan- 
tiation,  the  Efficacy  of  Works,  Mariolatry,  Invoca- 
tion of  Saints,  and  "the  like,  all  had  their  foundation 
knocked  from  under  them.  The  substitution  of 
Mary  for  Ch-rist  now  burst  upon  his  mind  as  an 

ing  a  piece  of  semi-transparent  paper  over  a  ]  imP/°u*  blasphemy,  and  he  could  no  longer  bear 

planisphere  or  other  star  chart  and  marking  ,vlt 

them   as  they  show  through.      Then  every 

meteor  observed  during  the  existence  of  the 

shower  can  be  indicated  on  this  map  by  a 

line  with  an  arrow-head  to  show  the  direction 

of  the  motion.     There  will  be  lines  in  many 

directions,  but  a  great  many  of  them  will  be 

found  to  radiate  from  Perseus.     The  "August 

meteors"  are  usually  large  and  rapid  in  their 

flight  and  of  a  yellow  color. — I.  Sharpless  in 

Public  Ledger. 

Luminous  Paint  vs.  Earthquakes.— The  con- 
nection between  earthquakes  and   luminous 

paint,  says  Iron,  would  hardly  be  apparent 

to  any  one  without  explanation.     Yet  there 


THE    FRIEND. 


SEVENTH  MONTH 


1884. 


The  late  Professor  Guyot,  of  Princeton,  N. 
J.,  in  his  valuable  work,  entitled  "Creation," 
gives  his  views  of  the  agreement  of  the  ac- 
count of  the  Creation,  as  contained  in  the 
Bible,  with  the  discoveries  of  Science.  He 
very  judiciously  calls  attention  to  the  chief 
design  of  the  sacred  writings,  which  is  "  to 
give  us  light  upon  the  great  truths  needed 
is  growing  to  be  a  very  close  relation  between  'for  our  Spiritual  life;"  all  the  rest  serving  only 
the  two.  Large  consignments  are  being  con- las  a  means  to  that  end,  and  being  merely  in- 
j  stantly  sent  to  countries  where  earthquakes  cidental.     He  says  : 

;  are  prevalent.  The  use  to  which  it  is  put  is  "  In  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis,  when  dc- 
this  :  In  the  Phillipine  Islandssmall  metallic  scribing  in  simple  outlines  the  great  phases 
platescoated  with  luminous  paintareso  placed  of  existence  through  which  the  universe  and 
about  the  prem" 


that  at  the  first  warning 
of  an  earthquake  the  inmates  are  guided 
quickly  to  the  door,  and  thus  to  the  street. 
In  Manilla  the  paint  is  laid  on  in  patches 
!  about  the  bedrooms  and  staircases  for  the 
|  same  purpose.  There  is  great  danger  in  hav- 
ing lamps  or  gas-lights  burning  at  night,  as 
the  lamps  may  be  thrown  down  or  the  gas- 
pipes  broken,  and  thus  the  building  be  set  on 
j  fire.  The  luminous  paint  answers  every  pur- 
pose, without  being  unsafe. 

Items. 

Prohibition  in  Iowa.— The  Legislature  of  Iowa 
have  passed  a  law  prohibiting  the  manufacture  and 
sale  in  that  State  of  all  intoxicating  liquors.  It 
was  to  go  into  operation  on  the  4th  of  the  present 
month.  The  law  also  provides  severe  penalties  for 
violation  of  its  provisions.  In  view  of  the  fact  that 
previous  efforts  to  restrain  the  liquor  traffic  have 
met  with  legal  obstructions,  The  Independent  refers 
to  a  case  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  the  question  was  raised,  whether 
the  right  to  sell  liquors  was  one  of  those  privileges 
of  citizens  which  the  14th  Amendment  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  forbids  the  States  to 
interfere  with.  The  opinion  of  the  judges  in  this 
"case  was,  that  a  legislature  may  prohibit  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  any  articles  deemed  injurious  to 
the  safety  of  society,  but  that  it  could  not  go  to  the 
extent  of  practically  confiscating  such  articles  which 
had  been  made  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  act. 

Pan-Presbyterian  Council. — Thegeneral  Council  of 
the  Presbyterian  Alliance  met  at  Belfast,  Ireland, 
on  the  24th  of  last  month.  It  was  decided  by  a 
vote  of  112  to  74,  to  admit  into  the  Alliance  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  whose  doctrinal 
position  wa»  thought  by  many  not  to  be  fully  in 
accord  with  the  Presbyterian  standard.  Delegates 
were  present  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Conversion  from  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. — At 
the  Assembly  of  the  Scottish  Church,  a  person 
named  Berune,  was  received  as  a  minister,  who  had 
been  a  priest  and  a  professor  of  theology  in  the 


cause  a  man  is  eminent  for  scientific  knowl- 
edge, it  does  not  follow  that  his  opinion  on 
religious  topics  is  entitled  to  any  weight. 
The  contrary  opinion  would  be  as  reasonable 
as  to  assert,  that  because  a  man  was  a  skilful 
chemist,  therefore  his  judgment  on  a  point  of 
law  must  be  respected  ;  or,  that  because  a 
man  was  a  good  Christian,  his  opinions  must 
be  right  in  matters  of  science. 

In  the  gradual  development  of  our  knowl- 
edge of  the  laws  which  govern  the  outward 
creation,  many  notions  which  formerly  pre- 
vailed in  reference  to  them,  have  disappeared. 
No  educated  person  now  believes,  as  was 
formerly  thought,  that  the  earth  remains 
stationary  in  the  universe,  and  that  the  sun 
revolves  around  it  once  in  24  hours.  Simi- 
larly, many  theories  which  now  find  great 
acceptance,  will,  it  is  almost  certain,  be  modi- 
fied or  disproved  by  the  increase  of  scientific 
knowledge.  It  is  a  very  weak  and  fallacious 
mode  of  reasoning,  to  bring  forward  the  igno- 
rance or  mistakes  which  have  prevailed  on 
such  subjects  among  the  professors  of  religion 
as  arguments  against  the  truth  or  value  of 
Christianity.  A  man's  religious  principles 
are  not  affected  by  his  ideas  of  astronomical 
problems,  or  of  the  laws  of  electrical  action, 
or  of  the  processes  of  growth  and  nutrition  in 
living  bodies.  However  ignorant  or  mis- 
taken he  may  be  as  to  these  things,  he  may, 
through  Divine  grace,  have  very  just  senti- 
ments as  to  the  existence  and  power  of  the 
Creator  of  all  things  ;  as  to  the  nature  of  sin, 
of  repentance,  of  faith,  and  of  forgiveness  ; 
and  may  be  wise  unto  salvation  in  heavenly 
mj-steries. 

Our  attention  has  been  afresh  called  to  this 
subject,  by  a  communication  from  an  esteemed 
friend,  who  has  been  grieved  at  seeing  in  the 
first  number  for  the  present  year  of  The 
American  Naturalist,  an  article  evidently  writ- 
ten in  a  spirit  of  hostility  to  Christianity. 
That  periodical  contains  so  much  of  interest 
and  value  to  those  interested  in  the  natural 
sciences,  that  it  is  a  cause  for  sorrow  to  meet 
with  anything  in  it  which  tends  to  infuse 
skeptical  sentiments  into  its  readers. 

Persons  of  infidel  proclivities,  who  write  or 
lecture  on  scientific  subjects,  sometimes  in- 
dulge themselves  in  uncalled-for  attacks  on 
religious  principles.  It  has  been  said  of  The 
Popular  Science  Monthly,  that  "scarcely  a 
number  is  sent  out  which  does  not  contain 
one  or  more  insinuations  against  the  Gospel 
or  the  Christian  Church.  Generally  they  are 
of  a  kind  not  to  admit  of  a  specific  reply,  a 
half  or  whole  sneer,  which,  as  Paley  said, 
cannot  be  refuted  ;"  and  that  those  who  admit 
it  to  their  homes  "should  understand  that  it 
contains  something  as  dangerous  to  the  moral 
nature  as  trichinae  is  to  the  body." 

We  should  be  very  sorry,  if  the  same  re- 
mark should  ever  become  true  of  the  Ameri- 
can Naturalist. 


the  earth  have  passed,  the  Bible  does  not  in- 
tend to  reveal  to  us  the  processes  by  which 
they  have  been  brought  about,  and  which  it 
is  the  province  of  astronomy,  chemistry  and 
geology  to  discover  ;  but  by  a  few  authorita- 
tive statements,  to  put  in  a  strong  light  the 
elations  of  this  finite,  visible  world  to  the 
spiritual,  invisible  world  above,  to  God  him- 
self. Its  teachings  are  essentially  of  a  spirit- 
ual, religious  character." 

"The  knowledge  we  derive  from  Nature 
eaches  us  only  "by  our  senses.  A  faithful 
study  of  God's  visible  works,  and  sound  de- 
ductions from  facts  carefully  ascertained,  are 
the  foundations  on  which  the  science  of  nature 
rests.  But  from  these  finite  premises  no  logi- 
cal process  can  derive  the  great  truths  of  the 
infinite,  supernatural  world  which  are  given 
in  the  Biblical  narrative.  Nature's  teachings, 
grand  as  they  are,  belong  to  the  finite  world, 
they  are  of  a  material  and  intellectual  order, 
and  cannot  transcend  their  sphere." 

There  is,  in  his  view,  no  necessary  conflict 
between  the  revelations  contained  in  the 
Bible,  and  the  observations  and  deductions  of 
Scientific  research  ;— "the  two  books  coming 
from  the  same  Author,  do  not  oppose,  but 
complete  one  another." 

As  to  the  limitations  of  that  knowledge 
derived  from  the  study  of  nature,  the  state 
ment  of  Professor  Guyot  is  supported  by  the 
Apostle  Paul,  who  declared,  that  "  The  natu- 
ral man  knoweth  not  the  things  of  the  Spirit  -\"d  Bear,  vessels  of  the  Greely  Relief  . 

,.  ,,     ,         ...  ,       i.„-„r   4.U,—    u„,,„„0«Tived    at    St.   Johns,   Newfoundland,   with    Lieutenant 

of  God,  neither  can  he  know  them,  because  (W|v  ,md  six  slirv;vi  cnmi.adei,  of  nis  party.  Thev 
they  are  spiritually  discerned.  Our  knowl-  were  j-ollml  near  the  moulll  0f  Smith  Sound  on  the  22d 
edgeofspiritual  truths  must  comefromrevela-Jof  6th  month.  Sixteen  of  the  party  had  perished  of 
tion  and  from  the  experience  of  the  work  ofistarvation  ;  one  was  accideritially  drowned,  and  another 
grace  in  our  own  hearts.  Therefore  it  is  no  -Sergeant  Ellison-was  alive  when  found  but  died  on 
....  ,  i„„„„„,i    ;„    +K„  !t  he  lit  h  instant,  alter   liavmi;   Ins  ieet  and  hands  ampn- 

marvel  that  some   who  are    learned   in   the  .„  ,.„,      'lli.m.l.  ,lllr„;t  , ,ite.    lt  is  st:lled  that  had 

knowledge  ot  outward  things  should  be  igno-!(ne  discovery  of  Greely  and  the  survivors  of  his  parly 
rant  of  these  more  important  mysteries.    Be-  been  delayed  forty-eight  hours,  they,  too,  would  in  all 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
United  States. — On  the  17th  instant,  the  Thetis 


408 


THE    FRIEND. 


probability  have  perished.  The  bodies  of  twelve  of  the  I  Pennsylvania  red  at  $1  a  $1.02,  and  new  Delaware  red 
dead  have' been  brought  to  St.  Johns  by  the  relief  ships.1  at  $1  per  bushel,  and  80,000  bushels  No.  2  red  at  96  a 

At  Bismarck,  Dakota,  on  the  15th  inst.,  an  Indian '97  cts.  7th  mo.,  963  a  97  cts.  8th  mo.,  98  a  98J  cts.  9th 
named  Bald  Headed  Eagle  replevied  ponies  which  '  mo.,  and  99i  a  99|  cts.  10th  mo.  Corn. — Car  lots  were 
had  been  stolen  from  him  at  Fort  Berthold.  It  is  the  J  firmer:  9500  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  64  a  67  cts.  per 
first  case  brought  into  court  there  by  an  Indian.  A  [bushel,  the  latter  rate  for  prime  yellow;  59  a  62  cts. 
technical  question  arises  as  to  the  Indian's  right  of  for  rejected  and  steamer,  and  sail  mixed  at  61  §  a  63 
ownership  in  the  property.  cts.  7th  mo.,  61  a  62  cts.  8th  mo.,  61  a  62  cts.  9th  mo., 

Dr.  Swift,  Director  of  the  Warner  Observatory  at  and  62  a  63  cts.  10th  mo  Oats. — Car  lots  were  nn- 
Rochester,  New  York,  received  news  of  the  discovery  changed  :  8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  37i  a  40  cts. 
of  a  comet  by  Professor  E.  E.  Barnard,  of  Nashville,  on  per  bushel,  according  to  quality,  and  No.  2  white  at 
the  night  of  the  16th  inst.,  and  the  discovery  has  since  39  a  40  cts.  7th  mo.,  35J  a  36i  cts.  8th  mo.,  34  a  35  cts. 
been  verified  by  the  motion  of  the  comet.  It  is  in  the  9th  mo.,  and  35  a  36  cts.  10th  mo.  Kye  sells  in  lots 
head  of  the  Wolf,  right  ascension  15  hours  50  minutes  at  70  cts.  per  bushel  for  Pennsylvania 


and  30  seconds,  declination  south  17  degrees  10  minutes, 
and  is  moving  slowly  in  an  easterly  direction.  It 
seems  to  be  growing  brighter,  and  is  probably  coming 
toward  the  earth.  This  is  the  first  comet  discovered  in 
the  Northern  Hemisphere  this  year. 

The  result  of  the  high  liquor  license  in  Missouri,  as 
given  by  the  St.  Louis  Republican,  shows  that,  during 
the  year  it  has  been  in  operation,  the  number  of  dram- 
shops   has   decreased    1245,   while    the   revenue    from '  per  pound,  th 
licenses  has  increased  one  million  dollars.     The  liquor  I      Sheep  were 


tra 


equal  to  one-third  of  the 


Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  7th 
mo.  19th,  1884—  Loads  of  hay,  355;  do.  do.  straw  90. 
Average  price  during  week — Prime  timothy,  $1.00  a 
$1  10  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  90  cts.  a  Sl.0'0  per  100  lbs. ; 
straw,  §1.00  a  $1.10  per  100  lbs.  New  hay  30  cents 
below  above  prices. 

Beef  cattle   were  dull  and  rather  lower:  4400  head 

arrived  and  sold  at  the  different  yards  at  i\  a  1\  cts. 

latter  rate  for  extra. 

n   fair  demand,  and  prices  were  a  frnc- 

12,000  head  arrived  and  sold  at  the  dit- 


tion 


now  pays  a 
revenue  of  the  State  from  all  sources.   The  prohibitory  ferent  yards  at  2i  a  5J  cts.,  and  lambs  at  3  a  1\  cts. 
law  in  Iowa  has  not  had  the  desired  effect  in  Dubuque,  'per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

and  according  to  a  despatch  to  a  Pittsburg  paper,  under  |  Hogs  were  in  fair  demand  and  prices  were  firmer: 
date  of  the  8th,  not  a  single  saloon  out  of  the  126  4600  head  arrived  and  sold  at  7f  a  8  cts.  per  pound, 
licensed   by  the  city,  was  observing  the  law.     In  many  as  to  quality. 

places  saloons  are  to  he  opened  for  the  sale  of  butter-  Foreign. — In  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  17th  inst., 
milk  by  persons  who  formerly  sold  intoxicants.  the  Earl  of  Wemyss  moved  that  the  House  proceed  to 

The  first  trial  under  the  new  law  in  Muscatine,  Iowa,  consider  the  Franchise  bill,  provided  the  Government 
resulted  in  a  victory  for  the  Prohibitionists.  James  j  would  undertake  to  present  at  the  autumn  session  a  bill 
Weir,  a  saloon-keeper,  was  convicted  on  two  counts  and  '  for  the  redistribution  of  seats  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
fined  in  each.  The  matter  has  been  appealed  to  the  Lord  Shaftesbury  seconded  the  motion.  The  motion  of 
District  Court.  Weir  has  re-opened  his  saloon.  Four 'the  Earl  of  Wemyss  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  182  to 
similar  cases  are  pending.  132.     In  consequence  of  Lord    Randolph  Churchill's 

The  time  for  taking  out  licenses  in  Hamilton  county,  [supporting  the  plan  for  a  compromise  on  the  franchise, 
Ohio,  under  the  Scott  law,  expired  on  Seventh-day  the  j  the  ultras  in  the  National  Conservative  Union  are  mak- 
19th  inst.,  and  over  2000  saloon-keepers  who  failed  to  ing  a  movement  to  have  him  displaced  from  the  chair- 
renew  their  licenses  will  be  prosecuted.     The  license  jmanship. 

fees  are  $100  and  5-200  per  annum,  according  to  the  I  On  Second-dav,  the  21st  instant,  an  immense  meeting 
kind  of  liquor  sold.  |was  held  in  Hyde  Park,  London,  by  representatives  of 

A  number  of  members  and  officers  of  the  Academy  :  the  various  trades  and  others  in  favor  of  the  Franchise 
of  Natural  Sciences  in  this  city,  have  associated  them-  bill.  A  resolution  was  adopted  protesting  against  the 
selves  into  a  Bureau  of  Scientific  Information,  with  a  rejection  of  the  Franchise  bill  by  the  irresponsible  and 
view  towards  the  more  general  dissemination  of  the  re-  unrepresentative  House  of  Lords,  expresses  approval 
suits  of  scientific  investigation,  and  of  facilitating  the !  of  Gladstone's  action,  and  declares  that  the  "continued 
work  of  the  student  in  natural  history.  [existence  of  the   unchecked   power  of  impeding   the 

In  consequence  of  representations  lately  made  by  [popular  will  which  the  Lords  exercise  is  not  conducive 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  by  the  Presby- 1  to  the  welfare  of  the  people  and  the  peace  and  pros- 
terian  and   Baptist   .Ministers'  Meetings  of  this  city  to'perity  of  the  country." 


Postmaster  General  Gresham,  and  by  him  referred  to 
the  Treasury  Department,  relative  to  the  statement  that 
"  papers  of  an  obscene,  immoral  and  pernicious  charac- 
ter generally"  were  on  sale  at  the  news  stand  in  the 
new  Post-office,  the  custodian  of  the  latter  building  has 
been  notified  to  "  issue  such  instructions  as  will  prohibit 
the  display  or  sale  of  all  publications  of  the  character 
referred  to."  With  respect  to  the  further  suggestion 
likewise  made  to  the  Department  by  the  above  remon- 
strants, "that  a  general  prohibitory  order  upon  the  sub- 
ject should  issue,"  Assistant  Secretary  Coon  states,  that 
as  authority  has  been  given  in  but  a  limited  number  of 
instances  to  erect  such  stands,  "prompt  measures  will 
be  taken  to  abate  the  nuisance,"  should  complaint  be 
made  to  the  Department  that  demoralizing  literature  is 
offered  for  sale  at  any  of  the  allowed  places. 

The  deaths  in  this  city  last  week  numbered  470, 
which  was  5  less  than  during  the  previous  week,  and 
9  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last  year. 
Of  the  whole  number  252  were  males  and  218  females  : 
218  were  children  under  two  years  of  age:  66  died  of 
cholera  infantum;  54  of  consumption  ;  27  of  convul- 
sions; 21  of  inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels; 
23  of  marasmus;  15  of  old  age,  and  12  of  typhoid  fever. 

Markets,  &c—  U.  S.  4J's,  112J;  4's,  120|;  3's,  regis- 
tered, 101 ;  currency  0's,  124  a  131. 

Cotton.— Prices  remain  about  the  same  as  last  quoted. 
Sales  of  middlings  are  reported  at  11.1  a  11J  cts.  per 
pound  for  uplands  and  New  Orleans. 

Petroleum.— Standard  white,  7-jj  cts.  for  export,  and 
8|  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Feed.— Winter  bran  sells  at  $15.25  a  $15.50  per  ton. 

Flour  was  quiet  but  steady.  Sales  of  1800  barrels, 
including  Minnesota  extras,  at  63.75  a  $5.50;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $4.25  a  $4.50;  western  do.  at  $5  a 
$5.50,  and  patents  at  &  5.50  a  $0.25.  Rye  flour  ruled 
firm  at  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Grain.— Wheat  was  firmer:  8500  bushels  sold  in  lots, 
including  No.  1  Pennsylvania  red,  at  SI. 10;  No.  1 
western  at  $1.04;  No.  2  Delaware  at  $1.04;  No.  2 
western  red  at  90  j  cts. ;  No.  3  red  89  a  90  eta. :  new 


John  Bright  is  preparing  a  measure  for  the  reform 
of  the  House  of  Lords,  based  upon  the  principle  of  life 
peerages,  with  a  limited  number  of  hereditary  peerages. 

An  express  train  on  the  Manchester  and  Sheffield 
Railway  was  wrecked  on  the  16th.  It  is  stated  that 
twenty-five  persons  were  killed  and  forty  seriously  in- 
jured. It  seems  that  the  axle  of  the  engine  attached  to 
the  express  train  on  the  Manchester  and  Sheffield  Rail- 
way broke  near  Penniston,  and  the  train  jumped  the 
track  and  fell  from  a  bridge,  which  it  was  on  at  the 
time. 

Advices  from  the  Congo  region  state  that  Henry  M. 
Stanley,  before  leaving  that  country,  installed  Colonel 
Winston  as  temporary  director  of  all  the  African  Inter- 
national Association's  stations.  Stanley  having  failed 
to  come  to  an  agreement  with  the  Brussels  Directorate 
has  resigned  his  position. 

It  is  officially  announced  that  China  has  given  to 
France  the  first  measure  of  satisfaction.  A  dispatch 
from  Pekin  says  that  the  Chinese  Imperial  Gazette  of 
the  16th  inst.,  published  a  decree  in  accordance  with 
the  terms  of  the  Convention  of  5th  mo.  11th.  In  this 
decree  the  emperor  orders  the  Chinese  troops  to  evacu- 
ate Laoki,  Lang-son  and  Cao-bang,  and  to  withdraw  to 
this  side  of  the  passes  leading  to  Yun-nan,  Kuang-ton 
and  Kwang-si.  The  evacuation  is  to  be  completed 
within  a  month. 

Prime  Minister  Ferry  reduced  the  amount  of  the  in- 
demnity demanded  by  France  from  China  to  50,000,000 
francs."  A  despatch  from  Pekin  states  that  the  Chinese 
Government  has  offered  3,000,000  francs  as  compensa- 
tion to  the  families  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  who  were 
killed  at  Lang-son. 

The  number  of  deaths  from  cholera  reported  in  Tou- 
lon on  the  20th  instant,  was  twenty-eight.  A  famine 
is  threatened  in  the  city.  Provisions  are  scarce  and 
dear.  There  is  much  distress.  The  hotels  are  closing 
their  kitchens,  and  the  provision  warehouses  are  ex- 
pected to  close,  owing  toa  lack  of  supplies.  The  cholera 
in  Aries  in  becoming  serious.  There  were  til  deaths 
from  cholera  at  Marseilles  during  the  twenty-four  hours 


ending  at  9  o'clock  p.  M.,  7th  mo.  21st.  The  total  nuM 
ber  of  deaths  at  that  city  since  the  epidemic  appeared 
is  874. 

At  Toulon  and  Marseilles  a  typhoid  epidemic  hat 
followed  in  a  number  of  choleraic  cases.  The  doctor* 
pronounce  the  disease  typhoid  cholera.  The  disease 
has  also  appeared  at  Brignolles  and  Paris,  and  two 
deaths  from  cholera  are  reported  at  Madrid. 

The  Berlin  Post  states  that  Prince  Bismarck  has  or- 
dered the  engineers  to  hasten  the  preparation  of  the 
plans  for  a  canal  from  the  Baltic  to  the  North  Sea. 
The  paper  says  also  that  the  necessary  credits  for  the 
construction  of  the  canal  will  be  asked  of  the  Reichstag 
at  its  coming  session. 

Russia  and  Germany  have  adopted  a  treaty  against 
Anarchists.  In  the  future  Russians  will  not  be  allowed 
to  reside  in  Germany  without  the  permission  of  Russia. 

The  police  at  Warsaw  have  seized  500,000  roubles 
and  numerous  proclamations,  printed  in  the  Russian 
and  Polish  languages,  which  it  was  intended  to  issue 
throughout  the  Empire  in  the  event  of  the  designs 
against  the  Czar  during  his  stay  there  having  been  sue-, 
cessful.  Five  Terrorists  have  been  arrested  at  Moscow.' 
In  their  possession  were  found  large  sums  of  money, 
dynamite  bombs  and  documents.  The  latter  showed^ 
that  since  the  coronation  of  the  Czar,  Moscow  has  been, 
the  seat  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Nihilists." 
A  state  of  siege  will  be  proclaimed  at  Warsaw.  Thd 
Governor-General  and  the  Chief  of  Police  of  that  place 
will  be  removed. 

The  plague  has  made  its  appearance  at  Kharsa  City 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  not  far  from  Erzeroom,  and  also  at 
other  stations  of  the  Caucasus.  It  was  brought  front 
Persia.  The  Sanitary  Cordon  at  Baku  has  proved  enS 
tirely  useless,  eight  hundred  persons  having  died  ata 
Bedra  during  the  5th  month.  Prince  Dondonkoff  Kef-} 
sakoff  has  interdicted  the  Moslems  of  the  Caucasus  fronij 
making  pilgrimages  to  so-called  holy  places. 

The  cod  fishery  at  Iceland  has  proved  a  total  failure, 
this  season,  and  great  distress  exists  in  consequence.' 
The  privations  are  said  to  be  more  severe  than  during 
the  famine  which  prevailed  two  years  ago. 

General  Diaz,  of  Mexico,  has  been  informed  of  his 
unanimous  election  to  the  Presidency  of  that  Republic. 
He  will  expect  to  assume  the  dutiesof  the  office  on  12th 
mo.  30th  next. 

Much  sickness  is  reported  in  Panama.  "  In  one  hos- 
pital there  are  over  a  dozen  cases  of  yellow  fever  and 
one  hundred  cases  of  dysentery." 

The  county  of  Arthabasca,  Ontario,  has  given  1200 
majority  for  the  Scott  Temperance  act — a  sort  of  Cana- 
dian local  option. 

As  a  result  of  the  conferences  held  by  the  Caceresj 
and  Iglesias  Commissioners,  General  Iglesias  has  r^sj 
signed  the  Presidency  of  Peru,  and  convoked  a  general- 
election  for  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  Re- 
public, and  also  for  Senators  and  Deputies  of  the  new 
Congress,  which  is  to  meet  in  a  few  months.  Generate 
Iglesias  has  withdrawn  his  forces  from  the  Provinces, 
and  concentrated  them  at  Lima. 


RECEIPTS. 

Received  from  Mary  Ann  Haines,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58; 
from  Amy  Borton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58,  and  for  Ezra  H. 
Brown  and  Clayton  H.  Haines,  $2  each,  vol.  58  ;  from 
Lydia  Borton,  N.  J.,  for  Charles  Edgerton  and  Emma 
H.  Brown,  $2  each,  vol.  58;  from  Lydia  T.  King,  Pa., 
62,  vol.  58,  and  for  Thomas  Evans,  Mil.,  and  Joseph  E. 
Mickle,  Pa.,  $2  each,  vol.  58  ;  from  Josiah  Lippincott, 
N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58;  from  Susan  B.  Satterthwaite,  for 
Elizabeth,  Giles,  and  Henry  W.  Satterthwaite,  Pa.,  $2. 
each,  vol.  58  ;  from  Nancy  Munro,  Conn.,  $2,  vol.  58  ;j 
from  Deborah  Satterthwaite,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58. 

Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  morning  will  not 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 

WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further   notice,  the  stage  will  be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  si.,  and  4.55  p.  M.,  to  convey 

passengers  to  the  school. 


Died,  on  the  15th  of  7th  mo.  1884,  at  the  residence 
of  his  brother-in-law,  Joseph  Edge,  near  Darlington, 
Harford  Co.,  Md.,  Ambrose  Smith,  in  the  69th  year 
of  his  age.  He  was  a  valued  elder  of  the  Western  Dis- 
trict Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  Philadelphia. 


WILLIAM  H.  PILE,  PRINTER, 
No.  422  Walnut  Street- 


?     THE 

A   RELIGIOUS 

FRIEND, 

AND    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 

VOL.    LVII. 


SEVENTH-DAY,  EIGHTH  MONTH  2,  1SS4. 


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Articles  designed  for  insertion  to  be  addressed  to 

JOSEPH  WALTON, 
Moorestown,  Burlington  Co.,  N.  J. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Philadelphia  P.   O. 


For  "The   Friend." 

Memoirs  of  Micajah  Collins. 

(Continued  from  page  402.) 

1812,  3rd  mo.  1st.  A  very  consoling  season 
in  their  First-day  meeting  at  Frankford;  and 
under  the  canojry  of  peace  rode  to  Burlington 
in  New  Jersey,  and  put  up  at  William  Allin- 
son's. 

2nd.  Attended  Burlington  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, in  deep  silence  and  self-examination. 
Dined  with  our  ancient  Friend  and  worthy 
elder,  John  Hoskins. 

3rd.  Attended  Chesterfield  Monthly  Meet- 
ing. In  the  public  meeting  I  sat  in  a  state  of 
painful  silence.  The  meeting  for  business  was 
a  scene  of  contention  and  confusion,  carried 
on  under  the  influence  of  the  old  man,  the 
earthly  man,  the  strong  man.  The  combat  be- 
tween two  parties  was  confident,  and  neither 
would  yield.  My  soul  was  clad  with  sack- 
cloth, and  my  spirit  bowed  in  lamentation 
and  sorrow,  in  beholding  the  professed  disci- 
ples of  the  Prince  of  Peace  thus  at  variance  ; 
and  that  about  the  affairs  of  the  Church,  and 
those  things  which  relate  to  that  peaceable 
government  where  nothing  should  rule  but 
love.  At  the  close  of  the  meeting  I  endeavor- 
ed to  turn  the  minds  of  the  young  men  to  a 
principle  within  themselves  that  would  prove 
their  preservation  from  all  confusion,  to  a 
settlement  on  that  ground  where  there  is 
peace.  Some  tried  souls  among  them  were 
deeply  afflicted  with  this  day's  work.  Dined, 
and  rode  to  Springfield. 

4th.  At  Springfield  Monthly  Meeting,  silent- 
ly wading. 

5th.  Went  to  Mount  Holly  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, once  the  residence  of  the  meek  spirited 

John  Woolman  ; was  also  there ;  he  had 

alengthy  testimony.  Eloquence  of  speech  goes 
a  great  way  in  the  minds  of  people  general^, 
and  their  credulity  may  by  it  be  greatly  im- 
posed on.     Dined,  and  rode  to  Evesham. 

6th.  At  Evesham  Monthly  Meeting;  had 
first  some  close  searching  service,  and  then  a 
season  of  enlargement  in  the  love  of  the  Gos- 
pel towards  the  dear  youth,  it  is  believed  to 
some  good  effect.  Went  home  with  Job 
Haines. 

7th.  Job  Haines  and  wife  accompanied  us 
to  Upper  Evesham,  where  we  sat  their  Pre- 
parative Meeting  for  Ministers  and  Elders, 
and  had  good  service  in  their  Monthly  Meet- 
ing among  the  youth,  many  of  whose  minds 
were  made  sensible  of  it.     Dined   at  Mark 


Reeve's,  and  rode  home  with  Josiah  Peeve  to 
lodge. 

8th.     Rode  to  Upper  Evesham  First-day 

meeting  with  ,  son  of  the  worthy ; 

he  is  now  on  the  verge  of  leaving  Society  on 
account  of  marriage.  We  had  considerable 
conversation  on  that  subject;  1  pointed  out 
to  him  many  disadvantages  attending  such 
mixed  marriages,  as  they  have  often  appeared 
to  me;  and  his  mind  seemed  impressed,  in 
some  measure,  with  a  weighty  sense  of  it, 
and  he  took  what  I  said  to  him  very  well  ; 
but  he  is  high  in  the  air,  and  needs  to  take 
heed  lest  ho  should  settle  deep  in  the  earth. 
For  it  has  often  been  the  case,  that  those  who 
in  their  youthful  days  soar  high  in  the  air, 
settle  deep  in  the  earth  at  last.  Their  meet- 
ing was  a  season  of  favor  to  be  commemorated 
and  held  in  estimation  among  the  manifold 
mercies  of  God.  It  was  a  mixed  gathering 
of  people,  and  many  of  their  minds  were 
broken.  Mercy  and  truth  be  ascribed  to  our 
God  forever.  Dined,  and  rode  to  Benjamin 
Swett's,  near  Haddonfield. 

9th.  At  Haddonfield  Monthly  Meeting ;  an- 
other season  of  silent  painful  exercise.  Dined, 
and  went  to  Sarah  Cresson's  to  lodge. 

11th.  Another  season  of  silent  exercise  at 
the  Quarterly  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders. 

12th.  At  their  Quarterly  Meeting  ;  again 
immersed  in  silent  distress,  wherein  all  refuge 
seems  about  to  fail.  But  humbly  hope  the 
word  of  Divine  patience  has  been  in  good 
measure  faithfully  kept  through  this  long 
scene  of  deep  hidden  trial,  when  no  man  knew 
my  condition  ;  but  thou,  Lord,  knowest  when 
I  myself  know  not  the  cause  !  enough  for  me 
to  know,  all  thy  ways  are  in  wisdom.  Thou 
leadest  in  ways  which  we  have  not  known, 
and  in  paths  which  we  have  not  seen  ;  but  the 
end  of  all  thy  ways  is  peace. 

13th.  Went  to  Woodbury,  and  attended 
an  appointed  meeting.  Waded  long  in  silence, 
but  at  length  had  an  opening  and  a  small 
qualification  to  speak  on  gospel  ministry  and 
other  important  subjects,  to  pretty  good  satis- 
faction. 

16th.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  Easton, 
the  language  of  encouragement  flowed  towards 
the  tried  ones. 

17th.  Had  a  pretty  satisfactory  meeting  at 
Vincentown.  Elizabeth  Collins  was  engaged 
in  supplication. 

19th.  Much  relieved  by  a  close  searching 
testimony  in  Evesham  Meeting. 

20th.  A  season  of  renewed  consolation  in 
their  mid-week  meeting  to-day,  at  Cropwell, 
both  to  visitors  and  visited. 

22nd.  A  pathetic  testimony  in  their  First- 
day  meeting  at  Haddonfield,  brought  an  un- 
speakable flow  of  peace  and  consolation  to  my 
mind. 

23rd.  At  an  appointed  meeting  at  West- 
field,  deeply  baptized  for  the  dead,  through 
which  I  waded  without  much  relief.  Dined 
at  Henry  Warrington,  Jr.'s. 

25th.    Had  a  blessed  meeting  among  a  few 


Friends,  mostly  of  the  elderly  class,  at  Mans- 
field. Dined,  and  rode  to  Burlington.  Made 
visits,  in  the  evening,  to  Samuel  Emlcn's  and 
John  Cox's  families. 

26th.  At  Rancocas  mid-week  meeting. 
After  some  laborious  exercise  Truth  spread 
over  all.  Went  home  with  Samuel  Wills  to 
lodge.  And  27th  spent  in  writing,  except  a 
visit  or  two. 

28th.  This  afternoon,  accompanied  by  Sam- 
uel Wills  and  Granville  Woolman,  nephew 
to  John  Woolman,  (the  design  of  whose  name, 
I  understood,  was  to  combine  the  names  of 
John  Woolman  and  Granville  Sharp,  two 
celebrated  philanthropists  and  advocates  for 
the  rights  and  freedom  of  the  unhappy  and 
greatly  oppressed  Africans,  wickedly  held  in 
bondage  by  their  fellow  creatures)  we  rode 
to  Moorestown. 

29th.  A  laborious  day  in  Moorestown  First- 
day  meeting. 

31st.  Crossed  the  Delaware,  and  went  to 
the  mid-week  meeting  for  the  Northern  Dis- 
trict. On  my  part  the  time  passed  quietly  in 
silence. 

4th  mo.  2nd.  Had  some  public  service  in 
Darby  Monthly  Meeting. 

6th.  Went  to  Whiteclay  Creek,  or  Stan- 
ford, and  attended  an  appointed  meeting  to 
mutual  refreshment.  Dined  at  M.  S.'s,  and 
made  a  visit  to  her  sick  daughter,  to  whom 
the  language  of  encouragement  was  minis- 
tered in  tender  sympathy.  Returned  to  Wil- 
mington, and  in  the  evening  made  a  visit  to 
Joseph  Tatnall's  family. 

7th.  Rode  to  Concord,  and  8th,  had  pretty 
good  service  in  Concord  Meeting;  then  rode 
to  Radnor. 

9th.  At  their  Monthly  Meeting  they  had 
business  of  an  affecting  nature.  My  mind 
was  led  into  close  exercise  among  them,  and 
by  faithfulness  found  some  relief;  faithfulness 
brings  its  reward.  But  man's  wisdom  pre- 
vailed, and  the  work  went  heavily  on. 

10th.  Went  to  Willistown  and  attended 
their  Monthly  Meeting.  Truth,  by  divers 
important  testimonies  borne  to  its  efficacy 
and  sufficiency,  gained  the  ascendency,  and 
my  soul  was  filled  with  divine  consolation. 
Dined,  and  then  went  to  Thomas  Garrett's,  in 
Upper  Darby,  and  put  up. 

12th.  At  Darby  First-day  meeting.  No 
time  of  abounding. 

15th.  Went  to  Chester  and  attended  their 
meeting,  where  Truth  reigned  marvellously 
over  all  to  my  humbling  admiration.  God  be 
praised.     Truth  is  the  strongest  of  all. 

16th.  At  Darby  mid-week  meeting  my 
mind  was  relieved  by  a  close  searching  testi- 
mony. 

18th.  Went  to  Philadelphia  and  attended 
the  first  sitting  of  their  Yearly  Meeting  for 
Ministers  and  Elders.  Divers  strangers  were 
present  from  other  Yearly  Meetings.  It  was 
a  time  of  considerable  exercise,  though  my 
lot  was  to  sit  silent. 

25th.    My  lot  was  to  be  a  silent  witness  to 


410 


THE    FRIEND. 


the  proceedings  and  transactions  of  this  Yearly 
Meeting.  Matters  of  importance  were  brought 
before  it,  which  were  deeply  interesting  to 
my  feelings;  and  though  ereaturely  wisdom 
divers  times  made  its  appearance,  yet  through 
condescension  and  resignation,  under  Holy- 
Help,  it  ultimately  centered  and  terminated 
in  unanimity.  In  the  course  of  this  meeting 
I  bad  to  admire,  how  marvellously  Friends  as 
a  society  of  people  have  been  preserved  and 
kept  together,  through  all  the  changes  in 
mundane  affairs,  and  all  the  vicissitudes  at- 
tending their  progress,  and  under  all  the 
varied  trying  circumstances  accompanying 
them,  almost  a  century  and  a  half;  without 
the  aid  or  interposition  of  human  authority, 
or  the  art  or  contrivance  of  man;  and  now 
stand  a  monument  of  his  goodness  and  mercy, 
whose  hand  and  Almighty  Arm  bas  been  with 
them  through  and  over  all,  to  the  admiration 
of  the  world.  And  confirmed  I  have  been  at 
this  season,  that  it  this  Society  shall  keep  its 
place,  under  that  power  which  has  been  its 
support  and  protection  hitherto,  they  will 
stand  as  an  ensign  to  the  nations  round  about 
them.    So  ended  this  great  annual  solemnity. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Down  in  the  Depths  of  Outcast  London. 

Though  renewed  and  perhaps  increased  at- 
tention has  latterly  been  drawn  to  the  vast 
mass  of  degraded  humanity  crowded  in  unheal 


London,  not  only  in  the  matter  of  overcrowd- 
ing, but  also  in  morals  and  outward  conduct. 

So  far  as  these  laborers  entered  on  their 
duties  under  a  true  feeling  of  religious  con- 
cern, and  depended  on  the  Lord  for  wisdom 
and  ability  to  do  his  will,  we  may  trust  a 
blessing  rested  on  their  efforts  to  turn  sinners 
from  the  evil  of  their  ways,  and  to  lead  them 
to  repentance.  But  aside  from  the  distinctive- 
ly religious  part  of  their  mission,  we  can 
readily  believe  that  the  visits  and  efforts  of 
a  well  disposed  and  intelligent  body  of  men, 
in  those  miserable  haunts  of  poverty  and  vice, 
would  be  productive  of  much  benefit  in  other 
ways.  The  following  incident  illustrates  this. 
It  is  taken  from  a  pamphlet  with  the  same 
title  as  the  heading  of  this  article. 

"The  parish  doctor  had  ordered  the  re- 
moval of  a  woman  to  the  infirmary,  and  two 
old  workhouse  men  came  with  a  covered 
stretcher  for  that  purpose.  The  lodgers  had 
noticed  spots  upon  the  patient,  and  raised  a 
report  of  black  fever.  They  were  in  a  state 
of  panic,  and  no  person  but  the  widow  would 
approach  the  room.  She  found  the  mission- 
ary, who  was  visiting  in  other  houses,  and 
told  him  that  she  had  prepared  the  poor 
woman  for  removal,  but  that  the  old  men 
were  not  strong  enough  to  cany  her,  and 
none  of  the  neighbors  would  assist  them. 
Upon  this  be  followed  her  to  the  room,  and, 
taking  the  poor,  fever-stricken  creature  in 
his  arms,  carried  her  down  and  laid  her  gently 


thy  and  debasing  associations  in  London,  and  on  the  stretcher.  The  people  stood  afar  off, 
to  some  extent  probably  in  most  of  our  large  but,  as  the  missionary  left  the  side  of  the 
cities;  yet  this  subject  has  long  been  a  source  stretcher,  he  caught  a  murmur  of  thankful- 
of  anxiety  to  thoughtful  men,  and  has  stimu-jness.  Upon  his  return  from  the  workhouse 
lated  the  benevolent  to  try  various  means  of  he   was    received    with    a   demonstration   of 


lessening  the  evil.  Out  of  this  ieenng  grew 
the  efforts  of  the  London  City  Mission,  which 
has  been  in  operation  now  nearly  fifty  years, 
and  which  has  co-operated  with  various  other 


gratitude,  and,  seizing  the  opportunity,  be 
said,  'Tell  the  men  that  I  want  to  speak  to 
them,  and  that  they  will  do  me  a  kindness 
by  being  here  at  seven  o'clock.     I  want  them 


agencies,   such   as  the   school   board,   public,  to  help  me  to  turn  the  fever  out ;  not  a  man 


baths,  model  dwellings,  temperance  societies 
and  provident  clubs;  all  endeavoring  to  ele- 
vate those  who  were  deeply  sunk  in  vice  or 
misery. 

The  special  object  of  the  City  Mission  was 
to  take  the  Bible  to  the  inhabitants  of  every 
house,  garret  and  cellar  in  the  lowest  parts 
of  the  metropolis,  and  to  endeavor  to  awaken 
the  people  to  religious  concern ;  with  the 
belief  that  an  improvement  in  this  direction 
would  necessarily  lead  to  an  advance  in  true 
civilization.  In  performing  this  work  it  made 
use  of  men  drawn  from  the  working-classes, 
of  whom  it  now  employs  about  450;  whose 
duty  it  was  to  go  from  house  to  house  in 
their  allotted  districts,  and  regularly  visit,  as!  lev 
far  as  possible,  every  room.  This  seemed  to 
be  almost  the  only  way  of  reaching  many- 
thousands  who  never  attend  any  place  of 
worship. 

As  a  specimen  of  the  terrible  overcrowding 
these  men  met  with,  they  reported  that  in  St. 
Giles',  when  first  visited,  they  found  in  five 
private  houses  and  eight  lodging  houses, 
1,300  persons.  They  were  not  large  houses. 
Separate  families  lived  in  the  four  corners  of 
the  rooms.  In  one  room  they  found  a  wo- 
man and  her  five  children,  another  woman 
and  two  children,  two  men  and  their  wives, 
and  a  single  woman  ;  14  in  all.  The  ages  of 
the  children  were  from  four  to  sixteen.  Straw 
was  the  only  bed  in  the  room,  and  day-clothes 
tbcironly  covering  by  night.  Not  one  of  theso 
persons  could  read.  It  is  stated  that  there 
lias  been  a  marked  improvement  throughout 


must  be  absent.'  When,  at  the  appointed 
time,  the  missionary  turned  the  corner,  he 
was  surprised  to  see  the  crowd.  It  was  evi- 
dent thatthe  men  had  rallied  in  their  strength, 
and  they  began  to  cheer.  The  visitor  sprung 
on  to  a  costermonger's  barrow,  and  waiving 
his  hand,  exclaimed,  'Many  of  our  neighbors 
are  ill,  and  we  must,  for  their  sakes,  poor 
things,  be  quiet.  I  thank  you  for  mustering 
so  strongly ;  it  shows  that  you  have  a  good 
feeling  towards  me,  and  as  I  have  a  good 
feeling  towards  jou,  why,  we  are  friends. 
Now,  as  a  true  friend,  I  am  going  to  speak 
to  you  plainly,  as  we  can't  turn  out  the  fever 
unless  we  work  together.  I  expected  this 
to  come ;  and  this  is  why.  You  have  not 
enough  air  and  water  down  here  ;  and  you 
don't  make  the  best  use  of  what  you  have. 
If  a  man  drinks  poison  he  is  killed  by  it,  and  if 
he  breathes  poisoned  air  he  is  killed  in  a  slow- 
er way  by  getting  weak,  or  having  illnesses 
like  the  fever.  Many  of  you  sleep  six  or  ten 
in  a  room,  and  always  keep  the  windows 
shut.  This  poisons  the  air.  And  now  about 
the  water.  To-morrow  morning  every  butt 
must  be  cleansed;  and  let  each  person  when 
the  flow  is  on,  throw  a  pailful  down  their 
yard  and  anothor  into  the  court.  Mind,  two 
pailfuls  for  each  person.  And  then  you  must 
wash  yourselves  more  frequently.  There  are 
sensible  women  here  who  wash  their  children 
every  day.  There  aro  others  that  do  not. 
Now,  lot  the  sensible  women  do  a  kind  thing  ; 
let  them  give  the  dirty  children  a  good  scnib- 
bing  on  the  sly.     (Laughter,  and  cries  of 'we 


will.')  And  mind,  all  the  rooms  and  stairs 
must  be  scrubbed.  That's  for  the  women 
now  for  the  men.  You  must  whitewash  youi 
rooms.  ('Let  the  landlords  do  it.')  If  you 
wait  until  they  do  it  some  of  you  will  be  in 
your  graves  first.  ('  That's  right.')  Do  it 
yourselves.  A  pail  of  whitewash  is  only  the 
price  of  a  pot  of  beer.  ('That's  it.')  When 
you  have  done  it  I  will  ask  the  collectors  to 
allow  you  back  your  halfpence.  ('  Thankee, 
sir.')  Another  thing  should  be  done;  I  will 
see  the  officer  of  health,  and,  if  necessary,  the 
vestry  gentlemen,  and  ask  them  to  improve 
y-our  drainage  and  water-supply.  And  then 
you  must  keep  sober.  The  fever  is  fond  oj 
drunkards  with  their  horrid  breath  and  weak 
bodies,  and  lays  hold  of  them  first.  Now,  to 
turn  the  fever  out,  you  mtfst  promise  me 
three  things:  say  'yes,'  after  each  of  them. 
Good  use  of  air  and  water.  ('  Yes,  yes.') 
Every  room  to  be  whitewashed.  ('  Yes,  yes.') 
And  a  sober  Saturday  night.'  (Murmurs.) 
The  speaker  repeated  the  last  sentence  in  a 
tone  of  command  :  'A  sober  Saturday  night!' 
and  received  a  shout  of '  Yes,  yes,  yes.'  Then, 
taking  the  Bible  from  his  pocket,  he  held  it 
up,  and  in  a  subdued  voice  continued,  '  There 
is  a  great  Father  up  there  who  loves  us  all; 
but  you  don't  pray  Him  to  take  care  of  you 
and  your  children.  On  Sunday  morning  you 
hear  the  bells  ring,  but  none  of  30U  go  to 
church.  This  is  wrong  of  you.  Eemember 
He  has  had  it  written  down  in  His  Holy  Book 
that  '  The  curse  of  the  Lord  is  in  the  house 
of  the  wicked,  but  He  blesseth  the  habitation 
of  the  just."  There  was  a  solemn  pause, 
and  the  missionary  sprang  from  his  uncom- 
fortable stand  and  passed  out  of  the  place,  ] 
"Next  morning  he  obtained  the  interview 
with  the  vestry  clerk,  which  resulted  in  hid 
introduction  to  the  parochial  officer  of  health, 
who  accompanied  him  to  the  district.  As 
they  entered  the  place,  its  cleanlj'  appearance, 
the  result  of  a  deluge  of  water,  and  the 
healthy  smell  of  lime  which  pervaded  the  air, 
took  the  medical  gentleman  by  surprise.  This 
was  so  opposite  to  the  account  he  had  receiv- 
ed, that  the  missionary,  for  his  veracitj-'s  sake, 
had  to  acquaint  him  with  the  events  of  the 
day  before.  'A  division  of  labor,'  he  said] 
drily,  'and  you  are  welcome  thus  to  usurp 
my  duties  for  the  whole  parish.  As  regards 
this  place,  I  will  make  such  a  report  that  the 
drainage  shall  be  set  right.'" 


For  "  The  Friend." 

John  Banks'  Visits  to  Wicklow. 

(Concluded  from  page  406.) 

The  former  part  of  this  account  mentioned, 
that  after  his  sermon  in  the  jail  at  Wicklow, 
an  arrangement  had  been  made  for  John] 
Banks,  in  company  with  the  jailer,  to  calfl 
upon  the  priest  who  had  charged  him  with 
being  a  deceiver  of  the  people.  The  narrative 
proceeds : — 

"  Before  the  hour  came  the  priest  broke  his 
word;  for  instead  of  staying  to  dispute  with 
me,  he  made  it  his  business  timely  in  the 
morning  to  go  to  the  sheriff,  about  two  miles 
off,  to  tell  him  what  a  numerous  meeting  the 
jailer  had  suffered  to  be  in  the  county  jail, 
above  stairs,  such  an  one  as  never  was  in  the 
county  itself;  and,  said  the  priest,  'I  entreat ] 
you,  sir,  either  tako  some  course  in  time,  or 
lse  I  fear  all  the  town  of  Wicklow  will  be 
Quakers,  and  then  there  will  bo  no  abiding 
for  me.'  A  sober  man  being  present,  made 
t  his  business  to  come  and  toll  me  and  the 


THE    FRIEND. 


411 


jailer;  and  that  the  sheriff  said,  if  he  had 
[known  it,  the  utmost  door  of  the  house  should 
have  been  shut  against  us  all,  and  we  kept 
there  till  we  had  been  delivered  bj-  due  course 
of  Jaw  ;  and  also  said  to  the  priest,  '  If  the 
jailer,  or  any  other,  suffer  the  like  again,  come 
and  inform  me  and  I  shall  take  a  course  with 
them.'  When  the  news  came  to  the  jailer, 
who  was  a  man  of  a  pretty  noble  spirit, 
:  What,' said  he,  'have  I  been  a  jailer  eight 
pears,  and  know  not  what  belongs  to  my 
place?  So  that  I  have  my  prisoners  when 
there  is  occasion  for  them,  111  set  my  doors 
jpen,  and  they  shall  go  and  come  who  will.' 
And  accordingly  he  did  so,  while  I  was  there, 
svhieh  was  but  three  days,  he  keeping  a  pub- 
ic house.  During  the  time  I  was  there,  as  I 
■emember,  except  when  I  was  in  bed,  I  was 
3carcely  one  hour  withoutsome  people  coming 
to  see  me,  and  discourse  with  me  about  the 
principles  of  religion  ;  so  that  I  was  sorry  for 
aotbing,  but  that  I  had  no  longer  time  there, 
the  truth  having  prevailed  so  much  upon  the 
people,  and  begotten  true  love  in  them  to  it 
in  so  little  time.  Everlasting  praises  unto 
the  Lord  alone,  whose  the  work  is,  and  by 
his  own  power  he  is  the  carrier  on  and  mana- 
ger of  it. 

1  "In  a  little  time,  the  jailer,  with  some  others 
of  the  town,  who  persuaded  him  to  it,  when 
the  priest  had  failed  and  broken  his  word, 
30  that  his  own  people  even  hissed  at  him, 
igreed  to  speak  to  the  governor,  to  have  me 
brought  before  him,  and  told  him  they  did  be- 
lieve I  was  an  honest  man,  and  tbey  would 
have  him  let  mo  go  out  of  prison.  He  bid  the 
jailer  bring  me  up  next  morning  to  his  cham- 
ber, being  the  third  day,  at  eight  of  the  clock, 
and  he  would  examine  me,  seeing  the  priest 
had  failed.  Accordingly,  with  the  two  Friends 
committed  with  me,  I  was  brought  before  him  ; 
and  in  great  moderation  thegovernorreasoned 
with  me  for  about  an  hour,  about  our  manner 
of  meeting,  and  the  worship  of  God,  and  what 
we  believed  concerning  Christ,  and  of  honor 
to  men  in  authority  ;  all  which  was  cleared  to 
his  satisfaction.  He  confessed  to  the  truth  of 
what  I  spoke,  and  said  he  was  satisfied  with 
the  answers  I  had  given  him,  and  asked  what 
I  would  have  him  to  do  for  me,  being  I  was 
the  first  of  our  people  he  ever  had  to  do  with, 
he  would  willingly  let  me  go,  if  he  could  be 
clear  and  answer  the  law.  I  told  him  it  was 
my  liberty  I  desired  and  prized  ;  and  I  believed 
it  was  in  his  power  to  set  me  and  my  friends 
at  liberty.  He  said  he  believed  well  concern- 
ing me,  and  thought  I  was  an  honest  man  :  so 
if  I  would  promise  him  to  appear  at  the  assize 
or  sessions,  when  there  was  occasion,  or  get 
anjr  to  do  it  for  me,  that  he  knew,  I  should 
have  my  liberty.  I  told  him,  I  neither  could 
do  it  myself,  nor  desire  another  to  do  it  for 
me.  'Well,'  said  he,  '  if  you  will  promise 
me  you  will  never  come  to  keep  any  more 
meetings  at  Wicklow,  I  will  let  you  go.'  I 
answered,  'I  cannot  do  that;  but  if  I  do,  if 
thou  hast  power  so  to  do,  thou  mayest  put  me 
in  prison  again,  and  I  believe  I  shall  be  as 
willing  to  suffer  then,  as  now.'  So  he  set  us 
all  at  liberty,  and  said  to  me,  '  God  keep  you 
in  the  mind  you  are  now  in,  for  I  think  you 
are  in  a  good  mind.'  So  I  took  leave  of  him, 
and  said,  '  Governor,  fare  thee  well ;  and  in 
so  saying,  I  truly  desire  thy  welfare,  both  of 
thy  body  and  soul.'  We  came  clown  with  the 
jailer  to  his  house,  and  I  said  to  him,  '  now 
we  have  our  liberty,  we  may  take  our  leave 
of  thee.'     'Yes,'  said  he,  'and  pay  me  my 


fees.'  'Fees,' said  I, 'what  is  that?'  'Oh,' 
said  he,  'it  seems  you  never  have  been  pri- 
soner before.'  'Yes,' said  I,  '  I  have.'  'And,' 
said  he,  '  did  you  never  pay  fees  !'  I  answer- 
ed, 'No.'  He  replied,'  Well,  being  you  are 
the  first  that  ever  I  had  in  my  custody  of 
your  people,  I  will  not  keep  you  ;  because  the 
governor  is  pleased  to  set  you  at  liberty  ;  but 
if  any  more  of  you  come  here,  I  will  put  you 
in  the  dungeon,  if  you  will  not  pay  fees!' 
'  Well,'  said  I,  'we  must  leave  that  to  what 
time  will  bring  forth.'  So  he  gave  us  our 
liberty,  and  we  called  for  drink  to  give  him, 
he  keeping  ale  to  sell;  we  also  had  some 
victuals  of  his  wife,  and  laid  in  his  beds; 
for  I  saw  our  time  was  like  to  be  so  short, 
that  we  made  no  provision  for  ourselves  ;  so, 
in  consideration  of  these  things,  when  we 
came  away,  each  of  us  gave  the  jailer  twelve 
pence,  with  which  he  seemed  to  bo  well 
pleased.  I  went  to  Dublin  again,  where 
Friends  were  glad  to  see  me,  and  we  were 
refreshed  together  in  the  enjoyment  of  the 
Lord's  presence :  and  from  thence  we  tra- 
velled into  the  north,  visiting  Friends,  where 
the  Lord  hath  a  good  people." 

"In  my  return,  after  ten  weeks,  it  came 
upon  me  that  I  must  go  to  Wicklow  again  ; 
and  when  I  came  to  Dublin,  there  was  a  letter 
from  Wicklow,  informing  me  that  the  people 
desired  another  meeting,  and  that  the  ser- 
geant who  took  me  before  the  governor,  was 
willing  we  should  meet  in  bis  house.  The 
priest  hearing  thereof,  threatened  him  and  he 
was  afraid,  so  that  when  I  and  Friends  came 
there  the  man  durst  not  let  us  meet  in  his 
house.  Wc  got  another  house,  but  it  would 
not  contain  alt  that  came;  yet  there  we  met, 
and  it  was  a  blessed  heavcnl}'  peaceable  meet- 
ing, without  any  disturbance  at  all — praises 
unto  the  most  high  God,  who  has  all  power 


like  unto  the  true  and 
wrought,  and  is  wort 
earth,  and  bringing  stri 
to  pass." 


ig  God,  who  has 
wonders  in  tho 
and  mighty  acts 


Games  and  Gambling. 

BY    HENRY    A.    STIMSON. 

The  completeness  of  the  ruin  wrought  by 
the  habit  of  gambling,  and  its  startling  fre- 
quency, make  it  important  to  study  the  de- 
velopment of  the  vice. 

The  old  gentleman  from  tho  country,  who 
s  accosted  on  the  street  by  the  plausible 
youth,  induced  him  to  go  with  him,  shown  a 
"ttle  game  in  progress,  led  to  take  a  hand, 
and  quickly  relieved  of  his  money,  might 
perhaps  have  escaped  if  he  had  known  more 
of  the  ways  of  the  world,  in  general,  and  of 
card  playing,  in  particular.  The  habit  that 
made  him  an  easy  victim  was  not  euchre 
playing  in  the  common  room  of  the  tavern, 
or  pool  in  the  village  billiard  saloon  ;  it  was 
the  life-long  habit  of  getting  all  he  can  for 
the  least  possible  return,  tie  has  been  ha- 
bitually "sharp."  He  belongs  to  a  class  that 
would  not  be  thought  of  in  connection  with 
gambling  ;  while,  in  fact,  his  vice  differs  from 
that  only  in  form.  He  is  sedulously  cultivat- 
ing the  lust  of  getting;  and  when  that  lust 
presents  to  him  some  new  form  of  temptation, 
nothing  but  prudential  considerations  ever 
restrain  him  from  yielding. 

But  the  trusted  clerk  who  was  induced  to 
take  a  hand  in  a  game  of  cards  on  a  steam- 
boat, and  lost  his  employer's  money,  and  the 
college  student  who  is  known  among  his 
classmates  as  a  gambler,  have  had  a  different 
history.  Theirs  is  a  story  of  development. 
The  question  is  not  whether  card  playing  or 
billiards  is  evil  in  itself,  but  what  it  is  in  its 


n  his  own  hand,  and  thereby  can  do  whatso-  connections  and   in   its  results.     There  is 


ever  seems  good  in  his  eyes,  notwithstanding 
the  determination  of  wicked  and  ungodly 
men.  Not  long  after,  so  soon  as  the  priest 
had  an  opportunity,  he  began  to  prosecute 
and  imprison  Friends  for  tithes  and  such  like 
things,  and  got  several  put  in  prison,  who 
came  to  visit  that  place;  but  the  truth  pros- 
pered so  much  the  more,  and  a  meeting  of 
God's  people  was  set  up  in  that  town,  and 
continueth." 

"  In  about  two  years  after,  the  Lord  re- 
quired of  me  to  go  and  visit  Ireland  again  ; 
and  coming  to  Wicklow,  I  went  to  the  jailer's 
to  see  Friends  in  prison,  and  to  have  a  meeting 
n  the   town.     When  the  jailer  saw  me,  he 


point  at  which  it  is  made  an  instrument  of 
gain,  and,  however  small  the  stake  may  be, 
at  that  point  the  line  of  indisputable  evil 
begins. 

In  some  games,  as  now  practised,  this  evil 
seems  to  be  invariably  present.  Billiards  are 
practically  never  played  in  public  places  ex- 
cept for  money — generally  only  the  price  of 
the  game — or  for  drinks.  Cards  are  so  often 
played  for  money  that  the_y  are  the  recognized 
implement  of  the  professional  gambler;  and 
so  universally  is  betting  connected  with  in- 
tercollegiate athletic  contests,  so  invariably 
do  the  representatives  of  some  college  or 
another  return  home  "cleaned  out,"  that  it  is 


said,  'Oh,  Mr.  Banks  (as  he  called  me),  are  an  open  question  whether  such  contests  can 
3'0u  come  again  !  I  think  you  need  not  have  be  conducted  without  this  form  of  gambling. 
come  any  more;  you  did  your  business  the'It  is  certain  that  they  are  not 


last  time  you  were  here,  for  I  think  all  the 
town  of  Wicklow  will  be  Quakers.' 

'  But  notwithstanding  what  is  done,'  I  said, 
'  it  is  my  business  to  come  to  see  how  the 
Lord's  work  prospers  ;  for  the  work  is  his,  we 
are  no  more  than  instruments  in  his  hand, 
which  he  is  pleased  to  make  use  of;  and  more 
than  that,  thou  hast  got  many  of  my  friends 
in  prison,  and  I  must  needs  visit  them.' 

The  next  time  I  came  to  visit  this  nation, 
I  came  to  this  place  again,  which  was  in  about 
two  years  more,  and  the  priest  of  Wicklow 
was  dead,  the  governor  gone  for  England,  and 


One  thing  is  certain,  no  matter  what  the 
game,  the  moment  a  stake  is  connected  with 
it,  danger  is  introduced  ;  and,  if  any  game 
cannot  be  easily  and  uniformly  kept  free 
from  the  obnoxious  adjunct,  it  ought  to  bo 
altogether  abandoned. 

From  time  to  time  there  are  in  college 
fellows  whose  winnings  at  cards  are  so  large 
as  to  atttact  attention,  and  more  frequently 
groups  that  play  for  money.  Where  such  is 
the  case  high-minded  men  will  not  be  likely 
to  wish  to  be  seen  playing  cards  at  all.  When 
t  is  known  that  such  fellows  acquired  their 


no  soldiers  there,  truth  still  prospering,  and  skill  at  home,  some  fellows  will  be  glad  to 
Friends  meeting  settled  and  established  by  [have  it  known  that  cards  were  not  played  in 
the  power  of  God  in   peace  and   quiet,  and  their  father's  house. 

Friends  well  preserved  in  and  through  their  I  know  a  suburban  community,  where,  in 
sufferings.     This  makes  me  say  there  is  none  a  gentleman's  residence,  a  billiard  table  was 


412 


THE    FRIEND. 


set  np.  It  became  a  pleasant  rendezvous  for 
the  young  men  of  the  neighborhood,  and  no 
evil  was  recognized.  The  sons  of  the  gentle- 
man became  expert  players.  By  and  by 
"pool"  was  introduced,  and  before  long  the 
■well-grounded  suspicion  arose  that  guests 
were  invited  to  that  bouse  for  the  sake  of  the 
money  that  was  won  from  them. 

The  very  attractiveness  of  billiards  makes 
it  the  most  seductive  of  snares;  so  seductive 
that  it  will  lead  a  young  man  to  stomach  the 
foul  odors  and  fouler  companionship  of  a  sa- 
loon for  the  sake  of  enjoying  it.  It  is,  to-day, 
one  of  the  chief,  if  not  the  very  chiefest  in- 
strument with  which  the  devil  of  drink  and 
the  devil  of  gambling  ruin  young  men. 

As  I  write  these  lines  the  agonized  mother 
of  a  lad  sixteen  years  of  age  comes  to  tell  me 
that  her  son  has  just  been  arrested  for  steal- 
ing. He  has,  for  some  months,  been  frequent- 
ing pool-rooms;  and  this  is  the  consequence. 
He  has  not  been  led  to  drink,  but  his  destruc- 
tion is  none  the  less  complete.  The  stamp 
of  Satan  is  coming  to  be  as  plainly  marked 
on  the  public  billiard  table  as  it  is  on  the  bar 
that  is  so  uniformly  set  up  behind  it. 

In  base-ball  all  the  gambling  machinery 
that  has  long  been  familiar  at  the  horse  race 
and  the  policy  shops  is  fast  coming  into  use. 
The  players  themselves,  as  a  rule,  are  under- 
stood not  to  participate  in  the  gambling;  the 
gate  mone}'  is  their  prize.  But  if  any  one 
has  doubts  as  to  the  extent  of  the  evil,  let 
him  stand  before  one  of  the  bulletin  boards 
which  are  hung  out  in  many  places  quite  re- 
mote from  the  scene  of  the  game,  and  watch 
the  feverish  crowd  that  gathers  to  follow  the 
score.  The  common  interest  is  in  the  money 
staked  on  the  result.  Unless  something  can 
bo  done  to  put  a  stop  to  the  gambling,' base- 
ball will  soon  become  as  evil  as  horse  racing 
ever  was.  We  are  already  told  that  gambling 
cannot  be  avoided  in  connection  with  ball 
games.  If  this  is  true  the  much  mooted  ques- 
tion concerning  the  effect  of  these  match 
games  on  the  health  and  studies  of  students 
may  be  dropped.  That  question  is  compara- 
tively unimportant. 

There  is  great  need  of  an  awakened  public 
sentiment  in  the  homes.  Children  should  be 
widely  taught  that  it  is  wrong  to  play  marbles 
for  "keeps,"  and  young  people  that  it  is  dis- 
honorable to  play  any  game  for  a  stake,  how- 
ever small,  and  that  betting  is  both  vulgar 
and  immoral.  As  it  is,  any  father  whose  son 
to-day  leaves  home  to  enter  college  or  take 
his  place  in  a  counting-room,  not  only  not 
knowing  how  to  play  cards  or  billiards,  but 
having  decided  disinclination  to  either,  may 
feel  safer  than  if  it  were  otherwise;  every 
father  whose  son  shows  great  interest  in  the 
professional  ball  matches,  or  goes  to  witness 
them,  will  do  well  to  inquire  into  the  nature 
of  his  interest  and  assure  himself  that  he  has 
his  boy's  confidence;  and  any  lather  whose 
son  has  begun  to  visit  the  billiard  saloon  or 
to  play  pool  has  no  more  urgent  work  cut 
out  for  him  than  effectually  to  break  up  the 
habit. —  The  Independent. 

The  Terrier  and  Kitten. — As  an  example  of 
gesture  language,  nothing  could  be  more  clear 
and  intelligible  than  the  method  emploj'ed 
by  a  skye-terrier  belonging  to  one  of  my  cor- 
respondents.   ■ 

He  had  formed  a  friendship  with  a  kitten, 
and  the  two  were  one  day  in  the  garden. 
Presently,  the  kitten  wished  to  go  into  the 


house,  and,  finding  the  door  shut,  tried  to  call 
the  attention  of  the  servants  by  mewing 
under  the  window.  She  could  not  succeed 
in  making  them  hear,  whereupon  her  friend, 
the  skye-terrier,  picked  her  up  gently  in  his 
mouth,  held  her  in  front  of  the  window  and 
shook  her  backwards  and  forwards  so  as  to 
be  seen  by  the  servants.  They  understood 
what  the  animal  meant,  let  the  kitten  into 
the  house,  and  over  afterwards  the  dog  em- 
ployed the  same  expedient. — J.  G.  Wood. 

In  the  memoir  of  Caroline  Fox  of  Penjer- 
rick,  Cornwall,  prefixed  to  the  extracts  from 
her  journal,  published  under  the  title  of 
'  Memories  of  Old  Friends,"  it  is  stated  that 
she  experienced  an  almost  miraculous  preser- 
vation when  pursued  by  a  bull  in  1853.  She 
fell  senseless  to  the  ground,  and  the  fierce 
animal  went  roaring  around  her,  but  never 
touched  her.  Her  brother,  Barclay  Fox, 
wrote  the  following  lines  on  the  occasion. 

They  were  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

Bow  the  head  and  bend  the  knee, 
Oh  give  thanks,  how  fervently, 
For  a  darling  sister's  breath  ; 
Back  my  very  blood  doth  shrink, 
God  of  mercies!    When  I  think 
How  she  lay  upon  the  brink 
Of  an  agonizing  death  ! 

While  the  darkness  gathers  o'er  me, 
Clear  the  picture  lives  before  me: 

There  the  monster  in  his  wrath  ; 
And  his  lovely  victim  lying, 
Praying  inly— as  the  dying 
Only  pray, — I  see  her  lying 

Helplessly  across  his  path. 

Oh  the  horror  of  that  scene, 

Oh  the  sight  that  might  have  been, 

Had  no  angel  stepped  between 

The  destroyer  and  his  prey; 
Had  not  God,  who  heard  our  cry, 
"  Save  me,  Father,  or  I  die  !" 
Sent  his  angel  fiom  on  high 

To  save  our  precious  one  this  day. 

Gently  came  unconsciousness, 
All-enfolding  like  a  dress; 
Hush'd  she  lay,  and  motionless, 

Freed  from  sense  and  saved  from  fear ; 
All  without  was  but  a  dream, 
Only  the  pearl  gates  did  seem 

Very  real  and  very  near. 

For  the  life  to  us  restored, 
Not  we  only  thank  thee,  Lord  ; 

Oh  what  deep  hosannas  rise 
From  the  many  she  hath  blest, 
From  the  poor  and  the  distressed! 
Oh,  the  gratitude  expressed 

By  throbbing  hearts  and  moistened  eyes! 

So  living  was  her  svmpathy, 

That  they  dream'd  not  she  could  die, 

Till  the  Shadow  swept  so  nigh, 

Startling  with  an  unknown  fear. 
Thus  the  day's  untainted  light 
Blesseth  all  and  ruaketh  bright; 
But  its  work  we  know  not  quite, 

Till  the  darkness  makes  it  clear. 


GOD  KNOWS  BEST. 
If  we  could  push  ajar  the  gates  of  life 

And  stand  within,  and  all  God's  workings  see, 
We  could  interpret  all  this  doubt  and  strife, 

And  for  each  mystery  could  find  a  key ! 

But  not  to-day.     Then  be  content,  poor  heart ! 

God's  plans  like  lilies  pure  and  white  unfold  I 
We  must  not  tear  the  close-shut  leaves  apart, 

Time  will  reveal  the  calyxes  of  gold. 

And  if,  through  patient  toil,  we  reach  the  land 
Where  tired  feet,  with  sandals  loosed,  may  rest. 

When  we  shall  clearly  know  and  understand, 
I  think  that  we  will  say,  "God  knew  the  best!' 


Turkish  Despotism. 

The  injustice  and  oppression  to  which  in- 
dividuals are  often  subjected  in  Mohammedan 
countries  by  those  in  authority  is  well  ex- 
emplified by  the  communication  of  a  corres- 
pondent of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  Gazette, 
who  writes  from  a  town  in  Morocco. 

The  narrative  which  follows  is  somewhat 
abridged. 

"A  shrewd,  thrifty  Moor,  a  native  of  this 
place,  a  merchant,  having  great  business 
capacity,  by  the  name  of  Alharsh,  enjoyed, 
up  to  1877,  the  protection  of  the  French 
Government,  by  being  a  semsar  to  a  French 
merchant.  In  that  year,  however,  unknown 
to  him,  the  Frenchman  failed.  At  the  time 
of  his  failure  he  came  to  the  then  Governor 
of  this  place,  Hadge  Hassar  by  name,  and 
agreed  with  him,  for  the  sum  of  §6.000,  to 
discharge  Alharsh  and  withdraw  protection. 
At  the  time  this  traitorous,  mercenary  mer- 
chant did  this  he  was  owing  Alharsh  money, 
which  the  latter  asked  him  to  pay,  as  he  \i 
about  starting  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  to 
be  gone  about  six  months,  after  the  manner 
of  devout  Mussulmans.  The  first  he  knew  of 
his  former  friend's  treachery,  and  that  he.  no 
longer  enjoyed  protection,  was  his  arrest  and 
being  thrown  into  prison  on  the  eve  of  his 
departure,  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Governor,  at 
the  same  time  being  told  that  there  he  must 
remain  awaiting  the  Sultan's  orders,  Hassar 
meanwhile  confiscating  for  himself  all  the 
money  and  goods  Alharsh  had  collected  for 
the  requirements  of  his  pilgrimage,  which  in 
his  case,  being  at  this  time  supposed  to  be 
the  richest  man  in  the  country,  would  be  of 
large  amount  and  valuable.  Alharsh  felt 
certain  that  his  confinement  would  not  be  of 
long  duration,  as  there  was  at  that  time  at 
court  with  the  Sultan,  the  Governor  of  the 
province  in  which  he  lived,  '  Uled  Heris,'  a 
great  friend  (?)  of  his  whom  he  had  befriended 
in  more  ways  than  one,  one  who  was  on  the 
best  of  terms  with  the  Sultan  besides  being  a 
very  influential  man,  his  name  being  Absalom 
Birsheed.  He  had  letters  sent  to  him  im- 
mediately, explaining  his  position,  and  told 
his  friends  who  came  to  see  him  in  prison, 
and  who  brought  him  food,  that  be  felt  con- 
fident that  bj-  return  of  the  messenger  his 
release  would  be  brought.  Instead  of  this, 
however,  his  friend  gave  orders  to  keep  him 
in  prison  until  he  arrived  again  in  his  province 
or  'Casbar.'  Hassar,  who  arrested  him  first, 
seeing  that  the  plum  would  soon  be  taken 
from  him  by  a  more  powerful  man  seizing  it, 
offered  to  release  him  for  $12,000.  Alharsh 
having  confidence  in  his  friend  Birsheed,  re- 
fused, and  patientty  awaited  his  return,  which 
happened  about  a  month  afterwards,  when 
ho  immediately  sent  soldiers  to  Hassar,  bear- 
ing orders  to  him  to  deliver  up  the  prisoner. 
Alharsh,  still  blindly  confident  in  his  'old 
friend,'  gaily  told  his  friends  upon  leaving 
that  he  would  soon  return  to  Casablanca  a 
ee  man.  Arriving  at  tho  Casbar  his  old 
friend  Birsheed  mockingly  told  him  that  tho 
ommands  of  the  Sultan  were:  'That  Alharsh 
hould  be  made  a  target  for  the  soldiers  to 
practise  shooting  at  until  ho  was  dead.'  But 
to  do  this  without  first  finding  where  his 
money  and  other  valuables  were  buried,  was 
throwing  away  the  riches  Providence 
had  thrown  at  his  feet;  so  Birsheed  put  him 
to  the  torture  to  make  him  reveal  the  places 
where  his  treasure  was  hid.     For  a  year  this 


THE    FRIEND. 


413 


was  kept  up,  when  Birshecd  proposed  to  him, 
and  gave  Alharsh  his  sacred  word  of  honor, 
that  if  $30,000  was  given  him,  Albarsh  would 
be  given  his  freedom.  This  would  make  over 
$100,000  squeezed  out  of  him,  as  Birsbeed  had 
already  confiscated  property,  flocks,  goods, 
and  collected  outstanding  debts  belonging 
to  Albarsh  to  the  amount  of  at  least  $75,000. 
To  this  Albarsh  agreed,  and  was,  under  strong 
guard,  taken  to  the  various  spots  where  ho 
had  enough  money  secreted  to  make  this 
amount  which  was  paid  over  to  Birsbeed. 
Instead  of  keeping  his  word  of  honor  and 
and  setting  Albarsh  free,  he  was,  by  his  order, 
thrown  into  a  pit  underground  and  heavily 
ironed.  For  five  long  years  this  continued, 
year  by  year  disclosing  some  additional  treas- 
ure to  them,  or  more  grain  hidden  in  Mata- 
nioras.  Albarsh  signed  away  all  his  enormous 
tracts  of  land,  in  order  to  gain  some  little  re- 
quest or  some  slight  mitigation  of  his  torture 
from  his  jailers,  from  which  death  finallj'  re- 
lieved him  in  the  following  manner:  Birsbeed 
having  been  ordered,  together  with  a  large 
number  of  his  followers,  to  accompany  the 
Sultan  on  the  moving  of  his  court,  from 
Morocco  to  Marquincz,  knowing  he  would  be 


to  Captain  Cobb,  our  Vice  Consul  here,  to 
know  how  he  might  see  him.  Captain  Cobb 
bad  him  brought  by  night  to  his  house,  and 
it  was  here,  in  this  bouse,  that  —  Benatine 
heard  the  poor  boy  recount  in  his  own  way 
and  tongue — he  understands  Arabic — the  ter- 
rible tortures  he  and  his  people,  together 
with  his  mother,  underwent  in  the  clutches  of 
Birsbeed,  and  the  life  of  privation  and  fear  he 
has  passed  since  being  released.  Eager  to  do 
something  for  the  boy,  bis  deepest  sympathies 
having  been  aroused,  he  applied  to  Captain 
Cobb  "to  make  him  the  other  semsar  he  was 
entitled,  according  to  treaties,  to  have,  he 
having  then  but  one.  Captain  Cobb  imme- 
diately wrote  to  Tangier,  glad  of  the  turn 
the  affair  had  taken,  applying  to  Colonel 
Mathews,  our  consul  there,  for  the  necessaiy 
papers,  which  came  in  due  time,  giving  the 
boy  the  protection  of  the  American  flag. 
Captain  Cobb  now  determined  that  the  boy, 
and  his  father's  family,  should  have  the 
ground  Birshecd  had  robbed  them  of  back 
it  was  in  bis  power  to  do  so.    Telling 


the  boy  to  get  his  mother,  sisters  and  younger 
brothers  together,  he  sent  him  with  them, 
bearing  a   letter  to  Birsbeed,  informing  him 


For  "The  Friend." 

A  biographical  sketch  of  J.  Gr.  Whittier,  by 
F.  H.  Underwood,  is  an  interesting  volume 
of  some  400  pages,  including  appendix.  The 
author  seems  to  have  a  clearer  view  of  the 
doctrines  and  testimonies  of  Friends  than 
most  writers  outside  of  the  Society,  who 
have  undertaken  to  delineate  them. 

The  work  is  not  so  much  a  personal  history 
absent  for  fully  six  months  left  his  brother  in  what  had  taken  place,  and  warning  him  to  of  the  poet  as  it  is  a  history  of  the  different 
charge  of  his  casbar.  A  short  time  before  be  very  careful  that  the  protection  granted  poems  as  they  have  appeared,  though  there 
the  Sultan  arrived  at  Marquincz  he  gave1  by  the  American  Government  to  these  people  .are  several  pages  devoted  to  the  family  his- 
Birsheed  orders  to  send  Alharsh  to  him.' be  very  carefully  respected.  He  also  in-|tory  of  the  Whitlier's ;  the  old  residence, 
Birsbeed  know  that  if  Alharsh  had  an  audi-|structed  them  to  tro  and  take  possession  of  reminiscences,  trials  of  his  early  life,  &c.,  all 
ence  with  the  Sultan  he  would  tell  him  of  all  .bis  father's  old  home,  buildings  and  ground  of  which  go  to  make  up  an  interesting  and 
the  money  Birshecd  had  squeezed  from  him,  that  lay  near  to  Birsheed's  "casbar,"  and 
exaggerating  the  amount  in  all  probability, 'which,  while  his  father  was  in  prison,  and 
and  the  Sultan  would  then  came  down  on  undergoing  torture,  was  sold  by  order  of  the 
him  to  disgorge  a  like  sum.     Fearing  this,  he  Sultan.     The  Moor  in  possession  would 


proportion,  as  a  pigmy — his  shadow  cast  on 
the  mountain  mist — appears  a  giant.  This 
makes  it  all  the  more  likely  tbat  men  will  at- 
tribute an  undue  importance  to  the  judgment 
of  a  human  day.  The  things  which  always 
have  been,  the  eternal  verities — these  a  child 
may  know  ;  they  are  an  old  story ;  they  were 
as  true  yesterday  as  tbey  are  to-day  ;  and 
men  prefer  to  listen  to  the  arrogant  dreams 
and  the  brilliant  fantasies  of  the  day.  These 
are  new.  and  they  distinguish  to-day  from 
yesterday.  Ay,  and  they  will  distinguish  to- 
day from  to-morrow,  when  the  pretentious 
dogmatism  and  the  baseless  fancies  of  to-day 
will  have  given  place  to  other  dogmas  and 
other  fancies  just  as  pretentious  and  just  as 
baseless  as  they. — Selected. 


apparently  truthful  account  of  one  in  whom 
we  all  feel  a  warm  interest. 

In  speaking  of  Friends,  the  author  says  on 
pages  2S  and  29,  "  They  inveighed  against  all 


determined  to  put  Albarsh  out  of  the  way, 'give  the  buildings  up,  nor  allow  him  or  his  forms,  as  fetters  of  the  free  soul.  The  king 
and,  it  is  supposed,  secretly  got  word  to  his  people  on  the  premises.  Upon  hearing  of  this,  |dom  of  heaven  is  within  you.  The  spirit  of 
brother  to  make  way  with  him.  Alharsh  Captain  Cobb  wrote  another  firm  ietter  to\&°d  dwells  in  your  hearts,  and  not  in  temples 
knew  well  tbat  it  was  poison  the  obedient 'Birsbeed,  demanding  that  the  property  be  made  with  hands.  The  life  of  the  Christian 
brother  was  giving  him,  when  the  cup  was 'deeded  back  to  the  boy  and  his  father's  rs  inward.  Nothing  should  come  between  the 
handed  to  him,  and  said  to  him,  'Why  do  family.  Getting  no  satisfactory  reply  from  soul  and  the  Divine  Visitant.  To  pray,  teach, 
you  seek  to  kill  mo?  I  still  have  largo  sums' Birsbeed,  he,  together  with  his  interpreter,  or  prophesy,  one  needs  only  the  prompting 
"of  money  buried  which  you  know  not  of,  and  soldiers  and  a  full  retinue  of  officers  and  ser-  from  within.  There  is  no  class  of  Levites  to 
which  no  one  will  be  able  to  find  if  I  die1  vants,  went  directly  to  Birsheed's  casbar,  and  j  be  fed  by  the  brethren,  or  vicarious  prayer 
without  disclosing  the  spots.'  They  would  then  and  there,  in  his  presence,  by  word  of,  and  praise.  Tithes  and  first  fruits  were  abol- 
not  listen  to  him,  however,  but  forced  the  'mouth,  again  demanded  they  be  restored  into, ished  wlth  bloody  sacrifices.  Give  your  cheek 
poison  down.  Alharsh  left  upon  dying,  two'their  just  and  lawful  rights,  saying  at  the  to  the  smiter,  and  when  reviled  revile  not 
wivesandalargetamilyofchildreninbeggary.'same   time   that  did   he  refuse,  straightway lagain.     Cannon   and  gunpowder  came  from 

At  the  time  Birsheed  imprisoned  Albarsh,  I  would  he  proceed  to  Fez,  taking  the  boy  with  the  bottomless  pit.  Shed  no  blood  even  in 
he  also  imprisoned  his  eldest  son  and  his  him,  and  there  lay  the  whole  affair  before  the! defence  of  your  life.  Conform  not  to  the 
four  brothers,  the  boy's  uncles,  not  because' Sultan.  Birsheed  knowing  what  the  conse-  changing  fashion  of  the  vain  and  ungodly, 
they  were  accused  ofany  crime,  or  suspected  of  quences  of  such  an  action  on  the  part  of  Cobb  Ruffles,  chains,  bands  and  rings  are  badges  of 
any,  no  trial  being  given,  but  simply  because!  would  be  to  himself,  viz.,  be  made  to  disgorge  servitude  to  the  prince  of  this  world.  Neither 
they  were  relatives,  and  might  know  of  tho'an  amount  of  money  to  the  Sultan  equal  to,sha11  you  swear,  either  in  anger  or  at  the 
whereabouts  of  some  of  the  treasures  known! that  which  he  had  wrung  from  Alharsh,  | command  of  a  judge.  Hath  not  the  Judge 
to  be  hidden.  One  of  these  brothers  died'granted  all  demands  made  for  the  family  and, of  all,  said  'Swear  not  at  all.'  Call  no  man 
under  the  torture;  the  three  others  are  still  the  boy;  not  only  put  them  in  the  complete  master,  or  its  mutilated  diminutive,  'Mr.' 
alive,  prisoners  in  chains,  kept  in  a  half-starved  'possession  they  now  enjoy  of  the  houses  and  But  truly  to  give  a  faithful  copy  of  a  Quaker's 
condition,  and  forced  daily,  their  arms  andjthe  tract  of  land,  but  also  stocked  it  for  them  profession  of  faith  and  duty,  is  so  much  like 
legs  being  heavily  ironed,  to  draw  water  from  !  with  sheepand  cattle  and  farmingimplements, ;  repeating  the  New  Testament,  that  readers 
a  deep  well.  The  eldest  son,  between  eleven 'took  the  rags  off  the  backs  of  those  that  had  perhaps  may  choose  to  read  it  there  for  them- 
and  twelve  years  old,  was  for  three  years  sub-  recently  been  beggars,  reclotbing  them  in  new 
jected  to  the  lash  and  torture,  until  Birsheed  'garments,  gave  them  seed  with  which  to  plant 
was  satisfied  he  did  not  know  where  his! the  crops  for  the  next  year,  and  promised  to, 
father's  treasure  was  buried  and  set  him  at; and  did,  keep  them  in  provisions  until  the 
liberty.  following  harvest." 

About  fifteen  months  ago —  Benatine,  an  — 

American  citizen,  came  to   live  in   Tangier,       New  things,  however  trivial,  arc  likely  to 


Natural  History,  Science,  &c. 

Vegetables  Preying  Upon  Fish. — Professor 
H.  N.  Moseley,  of  the  University  of  Oxford, 
announces  the  interesting  discovery  (recently 
made  by  G.  E.  Simms)  that  certain  insectiv- 


and  established  a  business  herein  Casablanca  attract   more    attention    than    those    things  orous  plants  of  the  bladder-wort  tribe  not  only 
about  the  same  time,  appointing  a  man  an]  which  are  old  and  well  known.     A  flashing  prey  upon  the  different  forms  of  invertebrata 


agent  in  this  place  to  look  after  his  affairs,  aerolite  or  a   bursting  rocket  will  call  forth 

About  nine  months  afterward  he  came  down  I  more  vivid   interest  from   most  people  than 

here  to  look  into   his    business  for  himself. 'the  sight  of  the  silent  stars.     So  tbat  which 

Here  he  heard  of  the  boy,  and  his  kind  heart  is  new  in  the  thought  of  any  century  attracts  garis  were  found  to  be  actively  engaged 

being  touched  by  the  little  be  had  heard  of  his  more  attention  than  it  is  entitled  to,  by  its  destroying   young    roach    which     had    been 

sufferings  from  the  mouths  of  others,  applied  intrinsic  worth;  it  is  exaggerated  out  of  all  newly  hatched  from  a  large  mass  of  spawn. 


Crustacea,  worms,  &c. — as  bad  been  repeatedly 
observed,  but  also  upon  the  members  of  the 
vertebrata.     Specimens    of    Utricularia    vul- 


414 


THE    FRIEND. 


In  a  period  of  six  hours,  with  fresh  specimens 
of  the  plant  placed  in  contact  with  fresh  young 
fish  and  spawn,  more  than  a  dozen  of  the  fish 
were  found  entrapped.  Most  of  these  were 
caught  by  the  head,  "and  when  this  is  the 
case  the  head  is  usually  pushed  as  far  into 
the  bladder  as  possible  till  the  mouth  touches 
the  hinder  wall."  In  many  instances  the  fish 
are  caught  by  the  tail,  and  occasionally  an 
unlucky  individual  would  be  found  attacked 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  have  its  head  entrapped 
by  one  bladder-trap,  and  its  tail  by  another, 
"the  body  of  the  fish  forming  a  connecting 
bar  between  the  two  bladders." 

Formation  of  Svgar  by  a  Fungus. — Among 
the  most  interesting  discoveries  of  the  day  is 
that  regarding  the  formation  of  sugar  in  the 
sap  of  the  birch,  and  probably  in  the  case  of 
the  sugar  maple  and  other  sacchariferous  trees, 
through  the  agency  of  a  ferment  fungus.  No 
less  interesting  is  a  similar  discovery  in  the 
same  line  by  Dr.  Beijerinck,  communicated 
to  the  Boyal  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Amster- 
dam in  relation  to  the  formation  of  gum  in 
the  wood  of  certain  stone  fruits.  This  he 
proves  very  conclusively  to  be  brought  about 
by  the  agency  of  a  fungus.  The  experimenter 
inoculated  the  stems  of  these  trees  with  small 
pieces  of  gum,  and  a  production  of  gum  fol- 
lowed ;  but  if  the  pieces  used  in  inoculation 
were  heated  or  boiled  for  some  time,  no  pro- 
duction followed  from  the  inoculated  spot,  the 
fungus  being  destined.  In  this  case  it  is 
evidently  the  fungus  plant  which  is  directly 
introduced,  just  as  the  mushroom  plant  is 
introduced  by  the  spawn  or  mycelium  in  the 
mushroom  brick  used  by  the  horticulturist. 
It  is  probable  that  the  minute  spores  obtain 
an  entrance  into  the  tissue  of  plants  where 
the  plant  itself  cannot  penetrate;  and  in  this 
way  we  may  account  for  the  production  of 
gum  in  the  interior,  where  the  plant  itself 
could  scarcely  penetrate.  Gum  is  not  un- 
common in  the  interior  of  peach  stones. — 
Independent. 

Earth  Tremors. — Earth  tremors  prodnced 
by  artificial  disturbances,  such  as  the  passing 
of  carriages  or  trains,  the  movements  of  ma- 
chinery or  bodies  of  people,  are  at  our  dis- 
posal for  daily  observation.  At  Greenwich 
Observatory  the  tremulous  motion  in  the 
soil,  especially  noticeable  on  bank  holidays 
and  at  all  times  when  Greenwich  Park  was 
unusually  crowded,  resulted  in  the  construc- 
tion of  an  apparatus  in  which  the  dish  of 
mercury  used  in  the  determination  of  the 
collimation  error  of  the  transit  circle  was 
suspended  by  flaccid  springs.  By  means  of 
this  contrivance  the  tremulous  motions  of 
the  ground  were  absorbed  before  they  reach- 
ed the  mercury,  and  the  difficulty  of  observa- 
tion was  overcome.  French  engineers,  work- 
ing with  delicate  surveying  instruments  in 
crowded  cities,  have  similarly  been  compelled 
to  suspend  a  portion  of  their  apparatus,  so 
that  a  steady  image  could  be  obtained.  Pro- 
fessor II.  M.  Paul,  seeking  for  a  site  for  the 
Naval  Observatory  at  Washington,  found 
that  the  image  of  a  star  reflected  from  a  tray 
of  mercury  was  disturbed  by  a  train  passing 
at  the  distance  of  a  mile.  Lictenant  Colonel 
Palmer,  when  engaged  in  obscrvingtho  transit 
of  Venus  in  New  Zealand,  discovered  that  a 
ditch  a  few  feet  in  depth  was  sufficient  to  in- 
trench his  instruments  againstthodisturbanco 
created  by  trains  passing  at  a  distance  of 
seven  hundred  yards.  Captain  Denman  found 
the  effect  of  a  ^roods  train  to  be  transmitted 


1100  feet  over  marshy  ground,  but  vertically 
above  the  train,  passing  through  a  tunnel  in 
sandstone,  the  disturbance  extended  only  one 
hundred  feet.  One  result  obtained  from  these 
and  numerous  other  observations  upon  arti- 
ficially produced  tremors,  indicates  that  these 
disturbances  are  superficial,  and,  although 
they  may  creep  up  the  surface  of  a  gently 
sloping  hill,  their  spread  is  checked  by  a  steep 
cutting. — -Nature. 

Effect  of  Climate  on  Seeds. — It  has  been 
shown  by  Professor  Schubeler,  a  Norwegian 
geographer,  that  most  plants  in  high  latitudes 
produce  much  larger  and  heavier  seeds  than 
in  warmer  regions  nearer  the  equator.  This 
effect  he  attributes  to  the  prolonged  influence 
of  sunlight  during  the  long  summer  days  of 
the  high  latitudes.  The  difference  of  seed  de- 
velopment was  very  remarkable  in  some  cases. 
Dwarf  beans  taken  from  Christiania  to  Dron- 
theim — less  than  four  degrees  further  north 
— gained  more  than  60  per  cent,  in  weight, 
and  tb3Tme  from  Lyons,  when  planted  at 
Drontheim,  showed  a  gain  of  71  per  cent. 
The  grain  of  northern  fields  is  heavier  than 
when  grown  in  more  southerly  localities,  and 
seed  from  Norway  planted  at  Breslau  de- 
creased greatly  in  the  first  year.  The  leaves 
also  of  most  plants  are  larger  and  more  deeply 
colored  in  higher  latitudes,  as  was  first  noticed 
by  Griesbach  and  Martins.  The  same  is  true 
of  flowers,  and  many  which  are  white  in  the 
southern  climates  become  violet  in  the  far 
north. 

Casting  Sleigh-bells.— This  is  the  way  the 
iron  ball  gets  inside  the  shell  of  the  sleigh- 
bell.  In  making  the  bells  the  iron  ball  is  put 
inside  a  sand  core  just  the  shape  of  the  inside 
of  the  bell.  This  sand  core,  with  the  jinglet 
inside,  is  placed  in  the  mould  of  the  outside, 
and  melted  metal  is  poured  in,  which  fills  up 
the  space  between  the  core  and  mould.  The 
hot  metal  burns  the  core  so  that  it  can  be 
shaken  out,  leaving  the  ball  within  the  shell. 
Ball  valves,  swivel  joints  and  many  other 
articles  are  cast  in  the  same  manner. 

The  Caiarara  Monkey. — "  I  saw  it  very 
frequently  on  the  banks  of  the  Upper  Amazons, 
where  it  was  always  a  treat  to  watch  a  flock 
leaping  amongst  the  trees,  for  it  is  the  most 
wonderful  performer  in  this  line  of  the  whole 
tribe.  The  troops  consist  of  30  or  more  in- 
dividuals which  travel  in  single  file.  When 
the  foremost  of  the  flock  reaches  the  outer- 
most branch  of  an  unusually  lofty  tree,  he 
springs  forth  into  the  air  without  a  moment's 
hesitation,  and  alights  on  the  dome  of  yielding 
foliage  belonging  to  the  neighboring  tree, 
may  be  50  feet  beneath  ;  all  the  rest  follow- 
ing the  example.  They  grasp,  in  falling,  with 
hands  and  tail,  right  themselves  in  a  moment, 
and  then  away  they  go  along  branch  and 
bough  to  the  next  tree. 

The  Caiarara  is  very  frequently  kept  as  a 
pet  in  the  houses  of  natives.  1  kept  one  my- 
self for  about  a  year,  which  accompanied  me 
in  ray  voyages  and  became  very  familiar, 
coming  to  me  always  on  wet  nights  to  share 
my  blanket.  It  is  a  most  restless  creature, 
but  is  not  playful  like  most  of  the  American 
monkeys  ;  the  restlessness  of  its  disposition 
seeming  to  arise  from  great  nervous  irrita- 
bility. Its  actions  are  liko  those  of  a  way- 
ward child  ;  it  does  not  seem  happy  even 
when  it  has  plenty  of  its  favorite  food,  bananas; 
but  will  leave  its  own  meal  to  snatch  the 
morsels  out  of  the  hands  of  its  companions." 
— Bates'  Naturalist  on  the  Amazons. 


Items. 

— Railroad  Liquor  Saloons. — The  following  para- 
graph is  cut  from  The  Independent: 

"  We  do  not  need  to  enforce  the  moral  of  the  fol- 
lowing letter  from  Josiah  W.  Leeds,  of  Philadelphia. 

'  I  was  reading  a  few  evenings  ago,  to  some  inter- 
ested listeners  in  my  family,  the  account  which  has 
obtained  such  wide  circulation  concerning  the  new 
town  of  Pullman,  near  the  city  of  Chicago.  No 
liquor  saloons,  no  jails,  no  paupers,  no  police;  alto- 
gether a  truly  encouraging  array  of  negatives. 

By  my  elbow  on  the  table,  however,  was  an  ele- 
gantly illuminated  large-size  card-board  wihi«  (which 
had  come  to  me  by  mail)  of  the  New  York  and 
Chicago  Limited,  and  of  which  'limited'  train  it 
was  stated  that  it  '  runs  every  day  in  the  year,'  and 
is '  composed  exclusively  of  Pullman  cars  and  Penna. 
R.  R.  Co.'s  dining  and  smoking  cars.'  In  running 
my  eye  down  the  bill  of  fare,  it  was  pitiful  to  observe 
how  completely  these  elegant  cars,  from  the  prohi- 
bition town  of  Pullman,  had  been  brought  into  as- 
sociated service  with  the  rolling  liquor  saloons  of  a 
great  corporation,  which  not  only  runs  its  cars  on 
the  day  of  rest,  but  keeps  '  open  bar'  on  that  day,  as 
well  as  '  every  day  in  the  year.'  What  brave  array 
was  there  of  the  champagnes,  white  wines  and  clar- 
ets of  sundry  selected  vintages,  followed,  in  order, 
by  the  brandy,  whisky,  sherry,  ale,  porter,  beer, 
Cognac  and  gin,  with,  at  the  last  (fitting  conclusion), 
'  Playing  Cards,  50  and  75  cents  per  pack.' 

Truly,  time  is  precious,  and  there  may  be  rare  en- 
joyment in  careering  down  the  rails  in  a  train  that 
is  limited.  And  yet,  in  journeying  along  the  road 
from  time  to  eternity,  I  would  say,  welcome  the 
slower  coach  and  surer  pace,  where,  apart  from  de- 
vices that  ensnare,  tempting  to  perdition,  the  man- 
ner of  going  is  limited  by  the  reasonable  rule  that 
we  live  '  soberly,  righteously  and  godly.'  " 

— Assyrian  Explorations. — More  than  usual  im- 
portance attaches  to  the  announcement  of  the 
American  expedition  to  the  valleys  of  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris,  which  goes  under  the  compe- 
tent leadership  of  Dr.  William  Hayes  Ward  of  The 
Independent.  The  field  of  Assyriological  research  is, 
perhaps,  that  which  promises  to  be  most  fruitful  in 
the  near  future  for  the  illustration  of  Bible  language 
and  antiquities ;  and  Dr.  Ward  is  one  of  the  most 
eminent  of  the  few  American  scholars  at  work  in 
this  field.  The  expedition  will  make  a  preliminary 
survey,  lasting  for  six  months,  with  a  view  to  ex- 
ploration and  excavation  at  those  sites  which  afford 
the  best  promise  of  results.  The  cost  of  the  expe- 
dition is  to  be  borne  by  Catherine  Lorillard  Wolfe, 
of  New  York,  and  will  be  known  as  the  Wolfe  Ex- 
pedition, in  memorial  of  her  father. — S.  S.  Times. 
I  — First-day  Laxos. — The  prosecution  of  the  two 
clubs  who  engaged  in  a  game  of  base-ball  on  Sun- 
day, at  Columbus,  Ohio,  has  passed  its  first  stage. 
The  defence  made  the  curious  contention  that  the 
arrests  were  illegal  because  they  had  been  made  on 
Sunday.  The  courts  very  properly  overruled  this 
plea,  which  would  give  criminals  of  every  kind  im- 
punity for  a  whole  day  of  each  week. 

Not  all  the  protesting  against  Sabbath  desecration 
should  be  left  to  the  ministers.  The  loudest  and 
most  vigorous  protests  should  come  from  the  work- 
ing classes  themselves.  They  have  the  most  at 
stake,  and  are  the  most  interested  in  maintaining 
the  Sabbath  as  a  day  of  rest. —  The  American. 


THE    FRIEND. 


EIGHTH  MONTH  2,  1884. 


The  religious  training  and  instruction  of 
his  children  must  ever  seem  to  a  godly  parent 
one  of  the  most  important  duties  that  can 
claim  his  care.  He  must  greatly  desire  that 
they  should  grow  up  imbued  with  sound 
principles  and  correct  views  of  Christian  doc- 
trine; and  the  best  means  of  effecting  this 
result  will  naturally  be  a  subject  of  serious 
thoughtfulness.  One  who  fully  accepts  tho 
Scripture  declarations,  that  spiritual  things 


THE    FRIEND. 


415 


cannot  be  understood  or  received  by  the  force 
of  our  own  reason  or  understanding,  but  must 
be  spiritually  discerned,  will  place  his  main 
reliance  on  the  illuminating  influences  of  the 
Spirit  of  Christ. 

The  testimony  borne  by  the  Society  of 
Friends  to  the  necessity  of  the  immediate 
revelations  of  the  Divine  Light,  in  order  to 
know  the  mysteries  of  the  kingdom  of  God, 
is  remarkably  strong  and  clear;  and  is  op- 
posed to  the  outward  views  of  many  profess- 
ors who  place  too  much  dependence  on  a  literal 
knowledge  of  Scripture. 

George  Fox,  in  his  Journal,  when  speaking 
cf  the  Divine  openings  with  which  he  was 
favored,  attributes  them  to  this  source,  say- 
ing: "Though  I  read  the  Scriptures  that  spake 
of  Christ  and  of  God,  yet  I  knew  Him  not 
but  by  revelation,  as  He  who  bath  the  key 
did  open  ;  and  as  the  Father  of  life  drew  me 
to  his  Son  by  his  Spirit."  "  The  true  belief 
stands  in  the  Light  that  condemns  all  evil  and 
the  devil,  who  is  the  prince  of  darkness,  and 
would  draw  out  of  the  light  into  condemna- 
tion. They  that  walk  in  this  Light,  come  to 
the  mountain  of  the  house  of  God,  established 
above  all  mountains,  and  to  God's  teaching, 
who  will  teach  them  his  ways." 

Of  Isaac  Penington,  it  is  declared  by  his 
friend  Thomas  Ellwood  :  "  The  Holy  Scrip- 


Scriptures  are  not  to  be  understood,  but  by 
the  discoveries,  teachings  and  operations  of 
that  Eternal  Spirit,  from  whence  they  came." 
And,  in  bis  Call  to  Christendom,  he  says:  "The 
cause  of  the  confusion  and  contention  that  is 
about  religion  in  Europe  at  this  day,  is,  that 
men  have  deserted  this  true  light  and  holy 
Spirit,  and  so  are  degenerated  from  the  life 
and  power  of  pure  and  unspotted  religion,  and 
have  attempted  to  comprehend  Christ's  doc- 
trines without  Christ's  light,  and  to  know  the 
things  of  God  without  the  Spirit  of  God." 

In  close  accordance  with  these  views,  was 
the  experience  of  the  late  John  Barclay,  who 
says  that  when  he  became  livingly  desirous 
of  knowing  the  way  to  the  kingdom,  "  the 
enemy,  as  a  transformed  angel,  took  me  into 
the  wilderness  of  notional  religion,  and  set 
me  to  examine  different  systems  of  religious 
belief  in  my  own  will,  and  judging  of  them 
by  my  own  wisdom  ;  and  I  compared  doctrine 
with  doctrine,  text  with  text,  and,  became,  by 
religious  stud}',  wise  in  notions,  (though 
truths  in  themselves,)  and  the  enemy  made 
me  strong  in  argument  and  potent  in  Scrip- 
ture. But  how  shall  I  speak  of  His  goodness, 
that  broke  the  net  in  which  I  was  entangled, 
and  delivered  me  from  the  snare,  and  intro- 
duced me  in  measure  into  the  saving  know- 
ledge of  Himself,  even  that  which  is  revealed, 
as  '  in  the  cool  of  the  day,'  by  the  '  still  small 


tures  ho  read  much,  and  with  great  delight 
and  profit;  for  he  made  it  not  a  cursory  or, voice.'  " 

formal  business,  nor  sought  to  pick  out  the  His  experience  was  similar  to  that  of  his 
meaning  by  his  natural  wit  or  learning;  but,[distinguished  ancestor,  Robert  Barclay,  who 
with  a  great  composedness  of  mind,  and  rev-  saj's  that  he  received  the  Truth,  not  by 
crence  of  spirit,  waited  to  receive  the  true 'strength  of  argument  or  convincement  of  his 
sense  of  them  from  the  openings  of  that  [understanding,  but  by  being  secretly  reached 
Divine  Spirit  by  which  the  penmen  of  them  to  by  the  Divine  Life.  "For,  when  I  came 
were  inspired."  The  means  of  instruction  into  the  silent  assemblies  of  God's  people,  I 
which  had  been  blessed  to  himself,  even  this' felt  a  secret  power  amongst  them,  which 
waiting  on  the  revelations  of  the  Spirit,  Isaac' touched  my  heart;  and,  as  I  gave  way  to  it, 
Penington  was  often  concerned  to  recom-  I  found  the  evil  weakening  in  me,  and  the 
mend  to  others.  In  one  of  his  letters  he  thus  good  raised  up;  and  so  I  became  thus  knit 
cautions  the  person  to  whom  he  was  writing:  and  united  to  them,  hungering  more  and  more 
"O,  take  heed  how  thou  readeth,  and  how' after  an  increase  of  this  Power  and  Life, 
thou  understandeth  the  Scriptures — in  what!  whereby  I  might  feel  myself  perfectly  re- 
light, in  what  spirit!  for,  it  is  easy  erring;  deemed.  And,  indeed,  this  is  the  surest  way 
and,  without  the  presence  and  guidance  ofi  to  become  a  Christian,  to  whom  afterwards 
God's  Spirit  herein,  thou  canst  not  walk  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  princi- 
safely.  And  truly  it  is  great  presumption  in|ples  will  not  be  wanting,  but  will  grow  up  so 
any  man  to  read  the  Scriptures  boldly,  and 
without  fear  and  reverence  to  Him  who 
penned  them  ;  or  to  put  any  of  his  own 
meanings  and  conceivings  upon  God's  words; 
which  it  is  hard  for  him  to  forbear  to  do, 
who  reads  them  in  the  liberty  of  his  own 
spirit,  out  of  the  light  of  God's  spirit,  which 
is  the  limit  and  yoke  of  the  true  readers,  and 
of  those  who  understand  the  Scriptures." 

Very  similar  in  its  meaning  is  the  following 
quotation  from  a  tract  written  by  the  same 
deeply  experienced  Christian :  "  This  I  can 
certainly  affirm,  that  all  the  light  that  men  can 
gather  from  the  Scriptures  cannot  give  tbem 
the  knowlcge  of  Christ  as  He  hath  appeared 
in  this  age;  nay,  nor  as  He  hath  appeared  in 
any  age  since  the  days  of  the  Apostles  ;  but  a 
little  true  inward  light  will  give  the  knowledge 
of  this  thing,  and  open  those  Scriptures  in- 
fallibly (in  its  season)  which  all  the  genei'a- 
tions  of  wise  and  learned  men  have  been 
controverting  and  disputing  about,  in  that 
•wisdom  and  searching  spirit  which  is  never 
to  understand  them." 

William  Penn,  in  his  Letter  to  the  King  of 
Poland,  mentions  among  the  "fundamental 
principles  most  surely  believed"  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  the  following:  "The  Holy 


h  as  is  needfu 
After  what  he  had  passed  through,  as  above 
mentioned,  it  is  not  surprising  that  John 
Barclay  regarded  with  some  caution  and  fear, 
the  proposal  to  introduce  into  Ackworth 
School  a  more  formal  and  systematic  study 
of  the  doctrines  of  Friends,  as  shown  in  the 
Scriptures;  and  that,  while  lamenting  the 
little  acquaintance  which  young  persons  in 
our  Society  appeared  to  have  with  the  reasons 
or  grounds  of  our  peculiar  religious  profes- 
sion, he  was  alive  to  the  danger  of  encourag- 
ing formalism  by  filling  the  head  with  no- 
tions, while  the  heart  is  unaffected.  He  had 
seen  that  the  tendency  of  literal  knowledge, 
when  gathered  in  the  wrong  spirit,  was  to 
keep  its  possessors  from  that  dependence  on 
Christ  within,  without  which  tbey  could  never 
become  wise  unto  salvation.  Hence  he  urges 
that  in  bringing  up  children  in  the  nurture 
and  admonition  of  the  Lord,-it  is  needful  that 
the  parent  or  teacher  himself  abide  under  the 
divine  direction  and  teaching;  and  that  he 
should  labor  to  lead  them  to  the  Word  nigh 
in  the  heart,  by  which  he  himself  has  been 
taught.  This  accords  Hvith  th&\estimony  of 
George  Fox, — "no  knowing  ttfe  Son  nor  the 
Father  but   by  the  revelation  of  the   Holy 


Spirit — no  knowing  the  Scriptures  but  L  . 
same  Holy  Ghost  that  moved  the  holy  t 
to  give  them  forth, — no  calling  Jesus  mer; 
but"  by  the  Holy  Ghost  by  which  He  'onl 
conceived, — no  true  wisdom  but  from  aboUb 
— no  true  receiving  it  but  in  the  fear  of  tl;' 
Lord, —  no  true  understanding  of  spiritual 
things  but  what  Christ  gives, — and  no  true 
love  to  God  but  what  He  sheddeth  abroad  in 
the  heart." 

The  parent  or  teacher  who  is  really  con- 
cerned lor  the  religious  growth  of  his  children, 
may  rightly  use  as  helps,  in  his  efforts  to  train 
them  in  the  way  they  should  go,  the  Holy 
Scriptures  and  such  religious  books  as  he  has 
found  instructive  and  serviceable  to  himself, 
but  his  chief  reliance  must  ever  Do  placed  on 
the  inspeaking  voice  of  the  Spirit  of  the  Re- 
deemer, to  which  the  attention  of  the  young 
should  be  steadily  turned,  as  ability  is  felt  to 
advise  and  instruct  them.  Where  the  voice 
of  this  Teacher,  who  teacheth  as  never  man 
taught,  is  heard  and  obeyed,  the  testimonies, 
and  instruction  left  on  record  by  holy  men  of 
old,  and  those  of  more  recent  times,  will 
prove  very  comforting  and  confirming;  and 
the  learners  in  this  school  will  be  preserved 
from  the  snare  of  building  up  a  system  of 
doctrines  in  their  own  wisdom,  or  of  trusting 
in  anything  short  of  the  living  experience  of 
the  work  of  grace  wrought  in  them  by  the 
Spirit  of  Christ. 

Since  the  most  of  the  preceding  paragraphs 
were  written,  we  have  been  interested  in 
meeting,  in  the  pages  of  one  of  the  exchanges 
of  "The  Friend,"  with  the  following  senti- 
ments, which  accord  with  what  is  above  said. 
The  writer  is  speaking  of  the  spirit  which 
should  animate  those  seeking  religious  in- 
struction, which  he  says,  "is  that  of  a  little 
child,  waiting  to  be  taught.  No  native  bright- 
ness of  intellect,  no  acquired  power  of  critical 
insight,  no  wealth  of  knowledge,  can  take 
the  place  of  that  humility  and  teachableness 
which  alone  will  reveal,  through  the  blessing 
of  God's  Spirit,  the  hidden  treasures." 


The  Editor  has  received  from  the  author 
of  the  essay  on  "  The  Origin  of  Westtown 
School,"  the  following  correction  of  the  state- 
ment that  George  Churchman  was  in  the 
station  of  a  minister.  That  impression  was  a 
natural  inference  from  a  previously  published 
statement  in  "The  Friend,"  that  George 
Churchman  had  a  concern  to  visit  certain 
meetings  in  another  State  "on  an  embassy  of 
love  to  the  brethren." 

We  think  the  author  of  the  essay  has  very 
satisfactorily  and  accurately  accomplished  his 
task  of  collecting  into  one  connected  narrative 
the  scattered  information  relative  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  this  important  school.  None 
but  those  who  have  labored  in  the  same  line 
can  properly  appreciate  the  difficulties  which 
beset  the  antiquarian  explorer,  and  the  lia- 
bilitj'  to  error  which  awaits  him  if  he  endeav- 
ors to  illustrate  his  subject  by  the  introduction 
of  collateral  facts. 

The  correction  referred  to  (of  slight  impor- 
tance as  to  the  narrative  itself),  is  as  follows  : 

"The  writer  has  since  learned  that  George 
Churchman  was  an  Elder,  who  occasionally 
exhorted  his  Friends;  and  that  the  statement 
that  he  visited  England  should  read  New 
England,  whither  he  went  with  Warner  Mif- 
flin on  a  mission  of  Gospel  love." 


ik 


THE    FRIEND. 


SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS. 
nited  States.— Since  1st  monlh  1st,  the  Trea 
lost  §34,000,000  in  gold,  and  in  the  same  period 
H  gained  $10,000,000  in  silver  dollars.  The  gold  fund 
">t  covered  by  outstanding  certificates  now  amount: 
'o  5120,000,000,'  against  $154,000,000  on  1st  mo.  1st, 
while  the  silver  dollars  now  on  hand  not  covered  by 
outstanding  certificates  number  $4(5,000,000,  against 
$27,oiiti,i)0o  on  the  first  day  of  the  year. 

The  Prohibition  Home  Protection  National  Conven 
tion  at  Pittsburg,  on  7th  month  24th,  nominated  John 
P.  St.  John,  of  Kansas,  for  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  William  Daniels,  of  Maryland,  for  Vice 
President.  A  number  of  well  known  women  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Convention, 
and  three  of  them  were  placed  on  the  National  Com- 
mittee. The  platform  of  the  party  supports  woman 
suffrage  as  well  as  prohibition. 

The  Woman's  Journal,  published  in  Boston,  says  that 
"  the  next  President  is  sure  to  be  friendly  to  woman's 
suffrage,  as  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  coun- 
try every  party  has  nominated  a  candidate  who  is  favor- 
able." The  records  of  Blaine,  Cleveland,  Pomeroy, 
Butler  and  St.  John  is  cited  in  proof  of  this,  and  these 
nominations  are  declared  very  encouraging. 

Jane  Grey  Swisshelm  died  at  her  resilience  in  Sewick- 
ley,  near  Pitlsbnrg,  Pa.,  on  7th  mo.  22d,  aged  68  years. 

C.  Rogers,  of  Muskogee,  Indian  Territory,  represent- 
ing the  Interior  Department,  has  arrived  at  Caldwell, 
Kansas,  and  formally  notified  Captain  Payne  and  his 
followers  that  they  must  immediately  leave  the  Indian 
Territory.  The  notification  was  given  last  week,  but 
the  Payne  gang  refused-  to  go.  General  Hatch  will, 
therefore,  remove  them.  He  will  burn  or  otherwise 
destroy  all  improvements  made  on  Cherokee  lands  by 
the  "  boomers,"  and  will  arrest  all  old  offenders,  and 
turn  them  over  to  the  United  States  Marshal,  to  be 
taken  to  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  for  trial.  Agent  McGilli- 
cuddy  reports  to  the  Indian  Bureau  that  "  he  was  com- 
pelled to  eject  Dr.  S.  T.  Bland,  of  Washington  (editor 
of  a  journal  devoted  to  Indian  matters),  from  the  Pine 
Ridge  (Dakota)  Agency,  because  Bland  was  fomenting 
trouble  among  the  Indians." 

Four  hundred  saloon  keepers  of  Cincinnati  were  sued 
on  the  21st  ult.,  for  licenses  under  the  Scott  law.  The 
amount  of  tax  is  8100  or  $200  each,  according  to  the 
kind  of  liquor  sold.  It  is  said  that  more  than  2000 
saloon  keepers  in  Hamilton  county  have  failed  to  pay 
their  licences. 

The  police  of  Cincinnati  are  paid  from  the  fund  raised 
by  the  license  tax  under  the  Scott  law.  As  the  liquor 
dealers  are  contesting  that  law,  the  police  have  not  been 
paid  for  nearly  a  month.  The  City  Solicitor  is  of 
opinion  that  "  if  the  mayor  retains  the  force  after  Au- 
gust 1st  he  will  be  obliged  to  pay  their  salaries  out  of 
his  own  pocket." 

The  first  suit  against  liquor  dealers  in  Cincinnati 
under  the  Scott  law  was  decided  on  Seventh-day  the 
26th  nil.,  in  a  Justices'  Court  in  favor  of  the  County 
Treasurer.  At  Toledo,  Ohio,  on  the  same  day,  a  de- 
cision was  rendered  in  the  District  Court  on  two  actions 
on  a  motion  to  dissolve  injunctions  to  prevent  County 
Treasurers  from  enforcing  distraint  proceedings  to  col- 
lect the  Scott  liquor  tax.  The  judge  held  that  the  law 
was  constitutional,  it  having  lieen  so  decided  by  the 
Supreme  Court,  but  made  no  decision  on  the  point  as 
to  whether  the  Scott  law  imposed  a  tax  or  an  assess- 
ment. If  it  is  a  tax,  the  Court  held  that  it  cannot  be 
collected  by  distraint  before  12th  mo.  20th,  when  the 
second  half  falls  due.  If  it  is  an  assessment  it  can  only 
be  collected  after  a  suit  and  formal  verdict  in  the  Trea- 
surer's favor.  The  Judge,  therefore,  continued  the  re- 
straining order  until  the  matter  in  issue  shall  be  de- 
termined on  trial. 

Crop  reports  from  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Kentucky, 
published  in  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  Gazette,  shows 
that  "  wheat  is  the  best  in  quantity  and  quality  that  has 
been  gathered  in  years.  Corn  has  suffered  from  drought, 
but  the  rains  of  the  past  week  have  rescued  it,  and  the 
yield  will  be  an  average  one.     Oats  are  a  good  crop." 

Captain  Simmons,  of  the  United  States  revenue  cut- 
ter Hamilton,  has  notified  our  Board  of  Health  that  he 
bad  received  orders  from  the  Government  to  cruise 
along  the  coast  and  to  board  all  incoming  vessels,  as  a 
matter  of  precaution  against  disease.  His  duty,  he  said, 
would  be  to  notify  all  vessels  to  respect  quarantine  laws 
on  entering  port.  He  suggested  that  an  examining 
physician  be  stationed  at  the  Breakwater.  The  matter 
was  referred  to  the  Lazaretto  Committee. 

The  receipts  of  grain  at  this  port  are  reported  un- 
usually large  for  so  early  in  the  season,  with  heavy 
shipments  to  Europe. 

The  number  of  deaths  in  Philadelphia  last  week  was 
417,  which  is  53  le  •>  than  during  the  previous  week, 


and  29  less  than  during  the  corresponding  period  last 
year.  Of  the  whole  number  212  were  males,  205  females, 
and  174  under  one  year  of  age  :  66  died  of  cholera  in- 
fantum ;  43  of  consumption ;  37  of  marasmus;  17  of 
inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels  ;  15  of  old  age, 
and  13  of  diphtheria. 

Markets,  &c— U.  S.  4J'e,  112J;  4's,  120J;  3's,  101 ; 
currency  6's,  124  a  132. 

Cotton  continues  dull.  Sales  of  middlings  are  re- 
ported at  llj  a  12  cts.  per  pound  for  uplands  and  New 
Orleans. 

Petroleum. — Standard  white,  7|  cts.  for  export,  and 
8|  cts.  per  gallon  for  home  use. 

Feed.— Winter  bran  is  quoted  at  $16.50  per  ton. 

Flour  was  dull,  but  steady.  Sales  of  1750  barrels, 
including  Minnesota  bakers,  at  $4.00  a  $5.50;  Pennsyl- 
vania family  at  $4.25  a  $4.50;  western  do.  at  $5  a 
$5.50,  and  patents  at  Sf5.50  a  $6.25.  Rye  fit 
firm  at  $3.75  a  $3.80  per  barrel. 

Grain. — Wheat  was  a  fraction  higher:  8600  bushels 
sold  in  lots,  including  new  No.  1  Pennsylvania  red, 
99  cts. ;  No.  1  western  at  96}  cts.;  No.  2  Delaware  at  96 
a  961  cts. ;  No.  2  western  red  at  94}  cts. ;  No.  3  red  at 
90  cts.  per  bushel,  and  No.  2  red  at  94  a  941  cts.  7th 
mo.,  94J  a  95  cts.  8th  mo.,  96J  a  96£  cts.  9th "mo,  and 
9S}a98j  cts.  10th  mo.  Corn.— Car  lots  were  firm: 
8000  bushels  sold  in  lots  at  63  a  64  cts.  per  bushel, 
the  latter  rate  for  sail  mixed  ;  59  a  62  cts.  for  rejected 
nd  steamer,  and  sail  mixed  at  61i  a  63!  cts.  7th  mo., 
61$  a  62  cts.  8lh  mo.,  62  a  62}  cts."  9th  mo.,  and  62|  a 
cts.  10th  mo.  Oats.— Car  lots  were  higher:  9500 
bushels  sold  in  lots  at  38  a  42  cts.  per  bushel,  accord 
to  quality,  and  2  white  at  41  }  a  44  cts.  7th  mo.,  36 
cts.  8th  mo.,  34}  a  35}  cts.  9th  mo.,  and  34}  a  35.} 
cts.  10th  mo.  Rye  sells  in  lots  at  70  a  72  cts.  per  bushel 
for  old  Pennsylvania. 

Hay  and  Straw  Market. — For  the  week  ending  7th 
mo.  26th,  1884.— Loads  of  hay,  257  ;  do.  do.  straw  7S. 
Average  price  during  week— Prime  timothy,  90  cts.  a 
$1  per  100  lbs. ;  mixed,  80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs. ;  straw, 
80  a  90  cts.  per  100  lbs.  New  hay  20  cents  below 
above  prices. 

Beef  cattle  were  dull  and  lower:  3500  head  arrived 
and  sold  at  3}  a  6J  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

Sheep  were  dull  and  lower  :  12,000  head  arrived  and 
sold  at  the  different  yards   at  2  a  5  cts.,  and  lambs  at 

a  7  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  condition. 

Hogs  were  unchanged :  4000  head  arrived  and  sold 

7}  a  8  cts.  per  pound,  as  to  quality. 

FoREtGN. — The  survivors  of  the  British  steamship 
Laxham,  which  collided  on  the  night  of  7th  mo.  21st 
with  the  Spanish  steamer  Gijon,  not  far  from  Corunna, 
report  that  on  the  evening  of  the  collision  there  was  a 
i  fog.  The  Laxham  was  going  slow  and  both 
steamers  were  sounding  their  whistles.  The  Gijon 
struck  the  Laxham  amidships  and  the  latter  was  nearly 
cut  asunder.  The  funnel  fell  and  the  steampipe  burst. 
Most  of  the  Laxham'screw  hoarded  the  Gijon.  Captain 
Lothian  tied  his  wife  and  child  to  himself'and  all  three 
:  thus  hauled  aboard  the  Gijon  by  a  rope.  The 
Laxham  sank  twenty  minutes  after  the  collision  oc- 
curred. It  was  not  long  before  the  Gijon  began  to  set- 
tle. Terrible  confusion  prevailed  on  board.  The  boats 
were  lowered  and  called  to  the  gunwales,  but  they  could 
not  accommodate  half  the  people.  The  Gijon  sank  bow 
"rst.  The  quarter  deck  was  crowded  with  men  and 
women,  the  captain  and  officers  standing  on  the  bridge. 
It  is  estimated  that  130  persons  perished.  Twenty- 
three  passengers  and  22  of  the  crew  have  been  landed 
at  Corunna. 

The  loss  from  the  great  fire  of  7th  mo.  19th,  at  Crane 
Wharf,  Wapping  (a  part  of  London),  it  is  now  believed 
will  reach  the  large  amount  of  $2,500,000.  Among  the 
merchandise  consumed  were  9000  bales  of  wool,  valued 
at  S  800,000;  2000  tons  of  coffee,  valued  at  $350,000, 
and  1000  tons  of  pepper  (a  third  of  the  entire  stock  in 
London),  valued  at  $325,000.  Besides  this,  1350  tons 
of  gum  tapioca,  sugar,  shellac,  seed  and  other  produce 
were  destroyed. 

he  Tory  demonstration  in  Hyde  Park  on  Seventh 
month  20th,  intended  as  a  counter  episode  to  the.  re- 
cent monster  Liberal  meeting  held  there,  was  a  com- 
plete failure.  Hardly  a  thousand  persons  attended, 
these  were  quickly  dispersed  by  a  heavy  fall  of 
rain.  The  enterprise  is  the  subject  of  town  ridicule. 
Most  of  the  Tory  leaders  absolve  themselves  from  all 
responsibility,  by  declaring  that  they  opposed  all  idea 
of  getting  up  the  counter  demonstration. 

Public  opinion  in  Ireland  has  been  offended  by  the 
action  of  the  Ji#stj#%1'^|%  Mg^CJectiiig  the  bfll  re- 
forming the  ^M"\U§m>W™M  La«  Guardians  in 
Ireland.    TliW^l  )%rcd\/l|^f>  of  Commons  with- 

t  an  opposing  vole. 

A  large  miners'  demonstration  was  held  at  Barnslev 


on  the  28th  ult.     Thousands  of  persons  were  present.  ; 
Resolutions  were  proposed  and  adopted  demanding  ad- 
ditional  inspectors  in  the  mines;  also  the  abolition  of  ' 
the  House  of  Lords. 

It  is  understood  that  the  Egyptian  Conference  are  : 
unable   to  agree  in  regard  to  England's  financial  pro- 
posals.    England  and    France   are  wide  apart.     Earl 
Granville  is  empowered  to  summon  the  Conference  to 
another  meeting  at  any  time. 

It  is  reported  that  an  earthquake  has  occurred  at 
Massowah,  on  the  Red  Sea.  Nearly  all  the  houses  in 
the  city  were  destroyed,  and  the  ships  in  the  harbor 
were  violently  rocked.  The  inhabitants  were  panic- 
stricken  and  have  fled  to  the  interior. 

The  treaty  recently  negotiated  with  King  John  of 
Abyssinia,  has  been  officially  published.  In  this  King 
John  binds  himself  to  abolish  slavery  and  the  slave 
trade  within  his  dominions. 

The  Egyptian  Minister  of  Finance,  under  orders  from 
Englaud,  has  issued  a  circular  insisting  upon  the  im- 
mediate payment  of  the  arrears  of  taxes  now  outstand- 
ing. This  will  compel  the  cultivators  of  the  soil  to  sell 
their  crops  standing.  In  the  case  of  cotton  the  crop 
will  have  to  be  sold  three  months  before  the  harvest, 
and  at  a  sacrifice  of  40  per  cent,  below  the  normal  value. 
It  is  believed  that  the  object  of  the  circular  is  to  prove 
to  the  Egyptian  Conference  iu  an  effective  way  the  ex- 
istence of  widespread  misery  in  Egypt,  aud  thus  lead  it 
to  acknowledge  the  necessity  of  an  important  reduction 
of  the  rate  of  taxation. 

De  Lesseps,  President  of  the  Suez  Canal  Company, 
announces  that  the  International  Technical  Commis- 
sion, which  has  been  studying  the  question,  has  decided 
in  favor  of  widening  the  present  canal  instead  of  build- 
ing another  parallel  with  it. 

A  despatch  from  Marseilles  to  the  Times,  dated  7th 
mo.  26th,  says:  "It  is  quite  certain  that  the  present 
epidemic  of  cholera  has  not  the  same  virulence  that  has 
characterized  previous  outbreaks.  It  appears  to  have 
attacked  sickly  individuals  rather  than  whole  sections 
of  the  population.  At  Aries  many  persons  have  be- 
come insane  through  fear.  The  total  number  of  places 
in  France  where  the  infection  has  so  far  appeared  is 
fourteen."  The  epidemic  is  decreasing  in  Toulon  and 
Marseilles,  but  is  increasing  in  the  neighboring  villages. 


RECEIPTS. 

Received  from  David  J.  Brown,  Gtn.,  $2,  vol.58; 
from  Anna  M.  Cobuin,  Io.,  $2,  vol.  58;  from  Jane 
De  Cou,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58;  from  Nathan  Pearson,  Agent, 
Ind.,  for  David  Stalker,  David  Haworth,  and  Ezra 
Barker,  $2  each,  vol.  58  ;  from  John  I.  Glover,  N.  J.,  $2, 
vol.  58,  and  for  Zebedee  Nicholson,  N.  J.,  ami  Martha 
Veitch,  Nov.,  $2  each,  vol.  58  ;  from  Mary  Downing, 
Del.,  $2,  vol.  58;  from  Jno.  M.  Saunders,  N.  J.,  $2, 
ol.  58;  from  Anna  Thomas  and  Howard  A.  Mickle, 
N.  J.,  $2  each,  vol.  5S  ;  from  George  Sharpless,  Pa.,  $2, 
vol.  58,  and  for  Lewis  Sharpless,  Minn.,  $2,  vol.58; 
from  Sarah  C.  Gaskill,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58;  from  John 
Paige,  N.  H.,  $2,  vol.  58 ;  from  Sabina  Hancock,  Pa., 
$2,  vol.  58;  from  Joshua  T.  Ballinger,  Agent,  Pa.,  for 
Susan  Doane,  Marshall  Fell,  Mary  A.  Newlin,  Sarah 
Pennell,  Susanna  S.  Thomas,  and  Philena  S.  Yarnall, 
$2  each,  vol.  58  ;  from  John  M.  Sheppard,  Pa.,  $2,  vol. 
58  ;  from  George  Brinton,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  58 ;  from  Charles 
Darnell,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58,  and  for  M.  S.  Pancoast,  $2, 
.  58 ;  from  Sarah  L.  North,  Pa.,  $2,  vol.  58 ;  from 
John  G.  Hall,  O.,  $2,  vol.  58  ;  from  Anna  Pickering, 
City,  $2,  vol.  58  ;  from  Caleb  Wood,  City,  $2,  vol.  58; 
from  Charlotte  P.  Tilton,  N.  J.,  $2,  vol.  58  ;  from  Alice 
M.  Fowler,  N.  J.,  42,  vol.  58;  from  Mary  Hall,  Eng- 
land, 10s.,  vol.  58,  and  for  John  H.  Walker  and  Wil- 
liam Hall,  10s.  each,  vol.  58. 

Remittances  received  after  Fourth-day  tnorning  wUl  not 
appear  in  the  Receipts  until  the  following  week. 


WESTTOWN  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 

Until  further   notice,  the  stage  will   be  at  Westtown 

Station  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  which  leave  Broad 

street  at  7.09  and  9.03  A.  M.,  and  4.55  p.  M.,  to  convey 

passengers  to  the  school. 


Died,  at  the  residence  of  her  brother-in-law,  Isaac 
Hall,  Malvern,  Pa.,  Seventh  month  1st,  1884,  Sarah 
Williams,  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Hannah  Williams, 
formerly  of  Plymouth,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  in  the 
76th  year  of  her  age,  a  beloved  member  and  elder  of 
Goshen  Monthly  Meeting.  We  believe  the  language 
to  lie  applicable  to  this  our  dear  friend,  "  Inasmuch  as 
ave  done  it  unto  one  of  the  least  of  these,  my 
brethren,  ye  have  done  it  unto  me."