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Presented  to  the 
LIBRARY  of  the 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 

by 

Ontario 

Legislative 

Library 


tic cro 


THE 


FRONTIER   MIS 


A     MEMOIR 


OF   THE   LIFE   OF  THE 


KEY.  JACOB  BAILEY,  A.M. 


MISSIONARY  AT 


POWNALBOROUGH,  MAINE;  CORNWALLIS  AND  ANNAPOLIS,  N.  S.; 


WITH 


Illustrations,  $totaj,  anfo  m 


BY 


WILLIAM  S.  BARTLET,  A.  M., 

Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Maine  Historical  Society. 


WITH   A   PREFACE 

BY 

RIGHT  REV.  GEORGE  BURGESS,  D.  D., 

Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  Diocese  of  Maine. 


J3OSTON: 

TTON 

WASHINGT5JT  SOTKEKT, 


I 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1853,  by 

WILLIAM  S.  BARTLET, 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachusetts. 


WHITE    AND    POTTER, 

Printers,  No.  4  Spring  Lane,  Boston 


TO    THE 

REV.   FRANCIS   L.  HAWKS,   D.  D.  LL.  D., 

HISTORIOGRAPHER 

OF   THE 

PROTESTANT    EPISCOPAL    CHURCH 

IN   THE 

UNITED   STATES   OF  AMERICA, 
THIS    VOLUME, 

BEING    A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THAT 

DEPARTMENT   OP   LITERATURE 
WHICH    HE   HAS    SO    SUCCESSFULLY   CULTIVATED, 

'is, 

BY   PERMISSION, 

RESPECTFULLY    DEDICATED, 

BY     HIS     OBEDIENT     SERVANT 

AND    BROTHER    IN    THE    GOSPEL, 

WILLIAM   S.   BARTLET. 

AUGUST,    MDCCCLIII. 


PREFACE 


THE  man  whose  biography  forms  the  main  thread  of  this 
volume,  can  scarcely  be  said  to  have  been  eminent  in  his 
generation.  But  both  his  character  and  his  career  were 
somewhat  remarkable :  he  lived  in  eventful  days ;  and 
he  left  behind  him  a  singular  abundance  of  those  manu 
script  memorials,  which  bring  the  manners  and  the  men 
of  any  period  so  visibly  before  the  eyes  of  posterity. 

These  materials  came  to  the  hands  of  one  with  whom 
to  examine,  to  study,  to  arrange,  to  digest  them  with 
scrupulous  accuracy  and  indefatigable  attention,  was  a 
labor  of  love.  The  pages  of  the  book  itself  will  suffi 
ciently  declare  how  faithfully  every  minute  pearl  of  his 
torical  fact,  whether  more  or  less  precious,  has  been 
brought  to  the  light  of  day.  They  cannot  disclose,  how 
ever,  what  I  can  testify,  —  the  vast  extent,  various  con 
tents,  and  discouraging  aspect  of  that  sea  of  documents, 
out  of  which  these  facts  have  been  rescued. 

It  is  difficult  for  one  who  has  followed  this  frontier 
missionary,  both  along  the  banks  of  his  own  rivers,  and 
through  the  autograph  record  of  his  struggles,  to  judge 
how  far  others  may  possibly  be  interested  in  such  a  tale, 
transferred  to  other  scenes,  and  to  the  printed  page. 


VI  r  R  E  F  A  C  E . 

There  must  be  many,  however,  who  will  find  an  attrac 
tion  in  these  simple  glimpses  of  New  England  life,  as  it 
was  a  century  ago ;  these  college  associations  of  a  Har 
vard  student,  whose  poverty  placed  him  at  the  foot  of  a 
class  which  had  a  Wentworth  at  its  head,  and  John 
Adams  amongst  its  members ;  this  experience  of  the 
schoolmaster,  who  exchanges  his  Puritan  home  for  the 
rude  interior  of  a  man-of-war,  and  thence  emerges  into 
all  the  bustle  of  London,  to  talk  with  Franklin,  and 
receive  the  speechless  blessing  of  the  dying  Sherlock ; 
these  walks  of  the  lonely  missionary  through  the  woods, 
and  these  journeys  by  water,  short,  but  toilsome,  in  his 
pastoral  vocation ;  these  patient  ministrations  amongst 
his  humble  flock,  interspersed  with  the  recreations  of  a 
favorite  garden  and  an  ever-ready  pen;  these  overshad 
owing  skirts,  of  the  national  tempest,  reaching  even  to 
him,  while  the  expedition  of  Benedict  Arnold,  on  its 
slow  way  towards  Quebec,  through  the  wilderness,  thins 
his  little  congregation  as  it  passes  by ;  these  trials  of  the 
exiles  who,  honestly  hostile  to  change,  and  knowing  not 
how  to  be  silent,  leave  their  home  to  be  overgrown  with 
weeds,  and  their  house  of  prayer  to  fall  to  the  ground, 
and  still,  after  years  of  separation,  cannot  but  cast  a  lin 
gering  look  behind.  As  a  picture  of  the  times  which 
just  preceded  the  Revolution,  this  book  must  have  its 
value,  even  for  general  history. 

To  the  history  of  Maine  it  offers  no  unimportant  con 
tribution  ;  and,  in  a  much  inferior  degree,  it  may  be  sub 
servient  to  that  of  Nova  Scotia.  Some  of  the  local  par 
ticulars  which  are  here  collected,  would  otherwise  have 
been  irrevocably  lost ;  and  they  will  entitle  the  author  to 
grateful  remembrance  in  the  regions  with  which  his  nar 
rative  is  chiefly  connected. 

This  book  will  also  take  its  place  amongst  the  author- 


PREFACE.  Vll 

ities  of  those  who,  in  a  future  day,  shall  trace  the  early 
annals  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  America.  It  was  in 
the  researches  to  which  it  led,  that  the  author  brought 
to  light  those  interesting  facts  detailed  in  the  journal  of 
the  colony  of  Popham,  at  Sagadahock ;  the  name  of  the 
first  minister  who  preached  the  Gospel  in  New  England, 
a  minister  of  the  English  Church;  and  the  erection  of 
the  first  house  of  worship,  a  church  or  chapel,  for  the 
performance  of  divine  service,  according  to  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer.  Through  the  delay  in  the  publication 
of  this  volume,  these  facts  have  become  somewhat  known 
already ;  but  they  might  long  have  remained  unknown, 
if  the  manuscripts  of  Mr.  Bailey  had  fallen  into  other 
hands. 

The  post  of  Jacob  Bailey  on  the  Kennebec,  was  one 
which  was  established  and  supported  by  the  Christian 
charity  of  the  Venerable  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel ;  and  of  all  the  deeds  of  its  beneficence  which 
have  lately  been  commemorated  in  the  review  of  its  cen 
tury  and  a  half  of  growth,  few  were  kinder  than  the 
effort  to  supply  the  means  of  grace  to  the  poor  settlers 
of  Frankfort,  otherwise  so  friendless.  There  was  no 
encroachment  upon  sectarian  ground:  it  was  a  simple 
work  of  charity ;  and  the  time  may  come  when  even  this 
seed,  which  appeared  to  be  quite  trodden  down  in  the 
struggle  of  revolution,  will  be  seen  to  have  borne  its 
fruit  after  many  days. 

That  a  considerable  portion  of  the  clergy  maintained 
their  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  may  be  remembered 
with  regret,  but  not  with  shame.  There  is  no  cause  to 
blush  for  a  mistaken  conscience,  or  for  sacrifices  to  prin 
ciples,  the  highest  in  themselves,  though  erroneously 
applied.  Should  a  crisis  arrive,  when  the  citizen  of  one 
of  the  United  States  shall  be  compelled  to  choose  be- 


PREFACE. 


tween  the  commands  of  his  own  State  and  those  of  the 
Federal  government,  the  position  of  those  clergymen 
may  then  be  appreciated.  Many  of  their  brethren  were 
on  the  popular  side  :  the  patriarchal  Bishop  White  sus 
tained  that  side  from  settled  conviction;  and,  knowing 
as  we  now  do,  the  great  designs  of  Providence  for  our 
Eepublic,  and  the  boundless  blessings  which  its  establish 
ment  has  shed  abroad,  we  must  lament  that  good  men 
should  have  shipwrecked  their  temporal  fortunes,  and, 
for  a  time,  the  interests  of  their  communion,  by  their  too 
tenacious  adherence  to  obligations  which  the  national 
will  had  dissolved.  We  can  read  of  the  sufferings  of 
the  loyalists  without  danger  lest  our  sympathies  should 
persuade  us  to  forget  the  preciousness  of  our  political 
heritage,  or  the  great  deeds  by  which  it  was  purchased  ; 
and  this  book  will  cast  some  light  over  that  painful 
story. 

It  would  be  delightful  indeed,  did  the  narrative  dis 
close,  in  its  chief  subject,  the  proofs  of  a  more  exalted 
order  of  piety.  For  him  it  can  only  be  claimed  that,  in 
an  age  of  little  zeal,  and  on  a  remote  spot,  where  he  was 
quite  without  those  incitements  of  brotherly  counsel  and 
society,  to  which  we  all  owe  so  much,  he  strove  honestly 
to  fulfil  his  pastoral  duty  according  to  the  measure  of  his 
age.  His  own  papers  reveal  strong  prejudices  ;  a  rather 
unyielding  temper  ;  and  some  tinge  of  eccentricity.  But 
they  will  also  exhibit  a  fidelity,  a  courage,  a  sensibility 
to  kindness,  and  a  willingness  to  labor  under  discourage 
ment  and  self-denial,  which  must  win  respect,  though 
the  example,  viewed  as  that  of  a  Christian  minister,  be, 
even  in  our  eyes,  far  from  faultless. 

G.  B. 
Gardiner,  Me.,  August,  1853. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Description  of  Rowley,  Mass.,  1,  2;  Birth  of  Jacob  Bailey,  2;  His  account  of  his 
Early  Life,  2 ;  Habits  of  his  Town's  People,  3, 4, 5 ;  His  Bashfulness,  5 ;  Letter  to  a 
Lady,  giving  an  account  of  his  Boyhood  and  Youth,  5,  6 ;  His  desire  for  Knowl 
edge,  6  ;  Slender  Means,  7 ;  Interest  taken  in  him  by  the  Minister  of  the  Parish,  7 ; 
Puts  himself  under  his  instruction,  7 ;  Rev.  Jedediah  Jewett,  7. 

CHAPTER  II. 

Mr.  Bailey  enters  Harvard  College,  8 ;  His  daily  Journals,  8 ;  Every  generation  de 
preciates  itself  in  some  respects,  8 ;  Great  improvement  in  the  purity  of  New  Eng 
land  Morals  within  a  Century,  9 ;  Statement  of  some  Social  Customs  in  the  last 
Century,  9 ;  A  New  England  Marriage,  10 ;  Assistance  of  Friends  in  Boston,  11  ; 
Feelings  of  Discouragement,  11;  Visit  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  11;  Aid  received 
there,  12 ;  Yisit  to  New  Castle,  12 ;  —  to  Kittery,  13 ;  Interview  with  Sir  William 
Pepperell,  13 ;  Further  aid  in  Portsmouth,  13 ;  Extracts  from  an  account  of  a  Jour 
ney  to  Connecticut,  14  to  27 ;  Second  Visit  to  Portsmouth,  27 ;  Ladies  visit  Mr. 
Bailey  in  College,  28 ;  Visits  Rev.  Jonathan  Parsons,  at  Newbury,  28  ;  Ludicrous 
Scene  in  the  Meeting-house,  28;  Sunday  Evening,  28;  Mr.  Bailey  Graduates,  30^ 
Names  of  his  Classmates,  30  ;  Expression  of  obligation  to  Rev.  J.  Jewett,  31. 

CHAPTER  III, 

Common  School  Education  in  New  England,  32 ;  Mr.  Bailey  keeps  School  in  Rowley, 
33; —  in  Kingston,  N.  H.,  33;  Description  of  Kingston  and  its  Inhabitants,  33  \ 
State  of  Morals  in  Kingston,  34  ;  Closes  his  School,  35 ;  Commences  a  School  at 
Hampton,  N.  H.,  36;  Communication  for  the  New  Hampshire  Gazette,  36 ;  Resigns 
his  School  at  Hampton,  and  commences  teaching  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  37;  Visits 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  Exeter,  38;  Preaches  his  "Approbation  "  Discourse  before 
a  Congregational  Association,  39;  Approved  by  them  to  preach  the  Gospel,  39;  At 
Commencement  at  Harvard  College  39 ;  Visits  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  39;  At  Hamp 
ton,  40 ;  Suggestion  made  that  he  should  seek  a  Vacant  Mission  of  the  Church  of 
England,  in  New  Hampshire,  40 ;  Measures  taken  by  him  for  that  purpose,  40 ;  Con 
fers  with  Capt.  Gibbs  on  the  subject,  40 ;  Performs  a  part  in  a  Play,  41 ;  Preaches  in 
Hampton,  42;  Preaches  three  Sundays  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  42;  Letter  to  Rev.  H. 
Caner,  43 ;  Letter  to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  43 ;  Review  of  Mr.  Bailey's  previous 
Life,  44-47- 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Journey  to  Boston,  48  ;  Arrival  there,  48 ;  Visit  to  Harvard  College,  49 ;  Treatment 
by  the  President,  49 ;  Calls  on  the  Boston  Clergy,  49  ;  Goes  on  board  the  "  Hind," 
51 ;  The  Ship  drops  down  to  Nantasket,  52  ;  Description  of  the  place  assigned  to 
Mr.  Bailey,  52 ;  Company  assembled  in  it,  52-54 ;  Their  Conduct,  54 ;  Adventure 
of  two  of  the  Ship's  Officers,  55 ;  The  Ship  goes  to  Sea,  56 ;  Terrific  Storm,  57 ; 
Lands  in  Portsmouth,  England,  58 ;  Journey  to  London,  60 ;  Arrival  in  London, 
60  ;  Interview  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Propagation  Society,  61 ;  With  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  61 ;  Examination  for  Holy  Orders,  61 ;  Ordained  Deacon,  62 ;  Dines 
at  Bishop  of  London's  Table,  63 ;  "Waits  upon  Dr.  Franklin,  63 ;  Crowds  attend 
ing  Whitefield's  Preaching,  64 ;  Ordained  Priest,  64 ;  Calls  on  Bishop  of  London, 
65  ;  Receives  the  Royal  Bounty,  66 ;  Dines  with  Dr.  Franklin,  66 ;  Prepares  to 
return  to  America,  66 ;  Sight  of  Land,  66 ;  Arrival  in  Boston,  67. 


CHAPTER  V. 

Early  Settlements  in  North  America,  68 ;  Colonies  at  St.  Croix  and  Annapolis  Rivers, 
68;  Kennebec  and  Penobscot  Rivers  visited,  68;  Plymouth  Company  formed,  69; 
Landing  of  Colonists  at  Kennebec,  69  ;  Regular  Public  Worship  there,  70  ;  Colony 
at  Saco,  71 ;  Rev.  Robert  Jordan,  72. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Proprietors  of  Kennebec  Purchase,  74  ;  Germans  settle  at  Frankfort,  74 ;  Circum 
stances  of  these  Settlers,  75 ;  Destitute  of  Religious  Instruction,  75  ;  Efforts  of  a 
Jesuit,  76;  Application  to  "Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,"  etc.,  76;  Rev. 
William  Maclennachan  sent  as  Missionary,  77 ;  Mr.  Maclennachan  removes  from 
the  Mission,  77;  Extent  of  the  Mission,  78;  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey  succeeds  Mr. 
Maclennachan,  78;  Mr.  Bailey's  Marriage,  80;  Extract  from  Mr.  Bailey's  Report, 
80;  Petition  from  Georgetown,  81 ;  Extract  from  Mr.  Bailey's  Letter  to  the  Society, 
P.  G.,  etc.,  83  ;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  Missionary  at  Georgetown,  86 ;  Steps  taken 
to  build  a  Church  at  Pownalborough,  86 ;  Church  occupied,  87 ;  "  Account  of  the 
First  Mission  on  Kennebec  River,"  88-91;  Persecutions  by  "M."  and  "N.,"  93; 
Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler  leaves  Georgetown,  98 ;  Attempts  to  establish  a  Congrega 
tional  Society,  99;  Mr.  Bailey's  Writings,  101;  Account  of  the  Parsonage  and 
Grounds  at  Pownalborough,  102-104;  Persecution  while  on  a  Journey,  105;  Report 
to  the  "  Society  P.  G.,"  105 ;  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  persecuted,  108  ;  Attempt  upon 
the  Lives  of  the  Inmates  of  the  Parsonage,  108 ;  Travelling  Preachers,  109  ;  Rais 
ing  a  Liberty  Pole,  110  ;  Persecutions  of  Mr.  Bailey,  112;  Second  attempt  to  estab 
lish  a  Congregational  Society,  113  ;  Episcopalians  taxed  for  this  purpose,  113;  Mr. 
Bailey  flees  to  Boston,  116;  Second  Journey  to  Boston,  117;  Extracts  from  his 
Journal,  117-121 ;  Persecution  continues,  122-126 ;  Sufferings  of  the  People  in 
Maine,  12",  128. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Mr.  Bailey  and  Family  leave  Pownalborough,  129 ;  Visit  Georgetown,  130 ;  Depart 
for  Nova  Scotia,  133 ;  Incidents  of  the  Voyage,  133;  Account  of  Mr.  Rhodes,  137; 
Incidents  of  the  Voyage,  138-156 ;  Arrival  at  Halifax,  156 ;  Meets  old  Friends,  156 ; 
Visited  by  Rev.  Dr.  Breynton,  159 ;  Waits  upon  the  Governor,  161 ;  Commences 
Housekeeping,  168. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Donation  from  the  General  Assembly,  172 ;  Invited  to  officiate  at  Cornwallis,  173 ; 
Removes  to  Cornwallis,  175;  Report  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  177;  Letter  from  Rev. 
Samuel  Peters,  D.  D.,  178 ;  History  of  Connecticut,  179  ;  Mission  at  Annapolis,  180 ; 
Appointment  to  Annapolis,  182;  Account  of  Journey  from  Cornwallis  to  Annapolis, 
184-190;  Letter  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  191;  Large  Immigration  at  Annapolis,  193; 
Report  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  194;  Immigration  at  Annapolis,  195;  Report  to  the 
Society  P.  G.,  196 ;  Letter  to  Rev.  S.  Parker,  D.  D.,  197 ;  Church  at  Annapolis 
opened  for  Divine  Service,  197 ;  Letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Parker,  198 ;  Letter  to  Rev. 
S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  199;  Letter  from  Rev.  S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  202;  Letter  to  Rev. 

S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  204;  Report  to  Society  P.  G.,  208;   Letter  to  Mr.  T B , 

212;  Report  to  Society  P.  G.,  213  ;  Letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  213;  Report  to 
Society  P.  G.,  219 ;  Idem,  220 ;  Idem,  222 ;  Sunday  Schools  established  in  Nova 
Scotia,  224  ;  Mr.  Bailey  appointed  Deputy  Chaplain  at  Annapolis,  224 ;  Letter  to  the 
Society  P.  G.,  227;  Letter  from  Bishop  Inglis,  228;  Mr.  Bailey's  Death,  228;  No 
tice  of  his  Family,  229  ;  Estimate  of  his  Character,  230. 

NOTES, 234 

APPENDIX,  ...  .  .  277 

St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough,  277 ;  Church  at  Georgetown,  280 ;  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Portland,  282 ;  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  284 ;  Kittery,  286 ;  Prospect, 
287 ;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  Missionary  at  Georgetown,  287 ;  Silvester  Gardiner, 
M.  D.,  290 ;  Contribution  to  the  List  of  Three  Hundred  Ministers,  294;  Abstract 
of  Sermons,  295. 

NOTICES  OF  LOYALISTS,    .          .          .          .          .          .          .          .          311 

Rev.  Edward  Bass,  D.  D.,  312;  Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  315;  Rev.  William  Clark, 
317;  Rev.  John  Wiswall,  318;  Rev.  Roger  Viets,  319;  Rev.  Mather  Byles,  Jr., 
D.D.,  320;  Rev. Bissett,  321;  Rev.  Henry  Caner,  322;  Rev.  John  Trout- 
beck,  322;  Rev.  John  Vardill,  322 ;  Rev.  Isaac  Brown,  322;  Sergeant  (Rev.  W.  ?), 

322;  Captain Smith,  322;  John  McNamarra,  323 ;  Dr.  John  Calf,  324 ;  Moses 

Foster,  324 ;  Robert  Jenkins,  324 ;  Simmons,  324 ;  John  Jones,  325 ;  Thomas 

Brown,  327 ;  Capt.  Charles  Callahan,  327 ;  Thomas  Turner,  James  Turner, 

Cookson,  John  Carlo,  Martin  Carlo,  329 ;    Edmund  Doharty,  330 ;    Capt.  

Combs,  330  ;   Joseph  Domette,  330 ;   Capt. Campbell,  331 ;  Thomas  Robie, 

331 ;   Joseph  Patten,  331 ;  Major Rogers,  331 ;  Dowling,  332 ;  

Cummings,  332 ;  John  McKown,  332 ;  Forman,  332 ;  Col.  (Peter  ?)  Fry,  332 ; 

William  Gardiner,  332 ;    Wallace,  333 ;    Nathaniel  Gardiner,  333 ;   

Charlestown,  334;  Dr.  James  Tupper,  334;  Benjamin  Snow,  335;  John  Lee,  335; 

Capt.  Antill  Gallop,  335 ;  Williams,  335  ;  James  Rogers,  335 ;  Simon  Baxter, 

336 ;   Bartholomew  Sullivan,  336 ;   Dr.  Jonathan  Hicks,  336 ;    George  Lyde,  336 ; 

John  Carleton,  336;    Jackson,  337;   Dr.  Coffin,  337;   Dr.  Cassimire 

Meyer,  337 ;  Major  Samuel  Goodwin,  337. 

LETTERS  AND  JOURNALS,  .......  338 

Letters  to  Amos  Bailey,  338,  348,  349,  350 ;  Rev.  H.  Caner,  338 ;  Dr.  Silvester  Gar 
diner,  338,  351,  352;  William  Gardiner,  340,  ib.;  Mills  and  Hicks,  347,  348;  Mrs. 
Susanna  Renkin,  348 ;  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  343,  344,  345 ;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  342. 


THE  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

NEAR   the  north-east  corner  of  the  old  Bay  State,  lies  the 
ancient  town  of  Rowley. 

The  northerly  line  of  Massachusetts,  if  it  continued  in  the 
straight  course  in  which  it  runs  from  the  westerly  border  of  the 
Commonwealth,  would  strike,  the  ocean  to  the  southward  of 
this  place,  throwing  it  and  the  neighboring  ancient  town  of 
Newbury  within  the  limits  of  New  Hampshire.  The  dividing 
line  between  the  two  States,  however,  crosses  the  Merrimac 
River,  some  forty  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  then  running 
parallel  with  that  river  at  a  distance  of  three  miles  from  it, 
proceeds  in  an  irregular  course,  generally  in  a  north-easterly 
direction,  till  it  meets  the  sea  which  washes  Salisbury  Beach. 
The  townships  spoken  of,  lie,  therefore,  as  it  were,  in  the  bow 
of  a  parenthesis. 

Even  now,  when  the  improved  facilities  of  travel  have 
brought  Rowley  into  close  connection  with  other  places,  it 
remains  a  comparatively  quiet  and  secluded  spot.  Though 
near  the  sea,  the  communication  with  it  is  circuitous,  and 
small  vessels  only  can  approach  any  part  of  the  township. 
There  is  hardly  sufficient  water  power  for  the  grist-mills, 
needed  by  the  inhabitants. 

If  such  be  the  present  condition  of  this  ancient  settlement, 
when  almost  every  New  England  town  has  greatly  increased 
and  wonderfully  changed  during  the  last  fifty  years,  it  may 


FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR, 


[1731. 


well  be  supposed  that  a  century  since,  Rowley  was  a  place  in 
which  manners  and  customs,  once  formed,  would  continue 
stereotyped  for  a  long  time. 

Distant,  as  it  was,  a  long  summer  day's  ride  on  horseback 
from  the  metropolis ;  seldom  resorted  to,  either  for  business 
or  pleasure,  by  strangers,  and  the  occupation  of  its  inhabitants 
being  mainly  agricultural,  the  stamp  which  its  Puritan  settlers 
affixed  upon  its  society  was  not  only  visible,  but  still  sharply 
defined.  A  seaboard  town,  and  yet,  practically,  almost  cut  off 
from  the  sea,  it  had  hardly  the  resources  that  are  common  to 
most  New  England  communities,  and  its  society  resembled 
more  nearly  that  of  settlements  far  in  the  interior,  than  might 
be  expected  in  a  place  in  which  the  roar  of  the  Atlantic  might 
be  heard  in  every  easterly  storm. 


[Birth-place  of  Jacob  Bailey.] 

In  this  community  JACOB  BAILEY,*  the  subject  of  this 
Memoir,  was  born,  in  the  year  1731,  and  the  following  account 
is  in  his  own  language,  written  when  he  had  arrived  at  middle 
age,  and  after  education  and  travel  had  improved  his  mind. 

"  In  my  very  childhood,  as  soon  as  I  was  able  to  read,  I  was 
seized  with  an  insatiable  desire  of  travelling,  and  a  boundless 


*  See  note  A. 


1741.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  3 

curiosity  to  visit  foreign  countries.  This  inclination  I  was 
obliged  to  suppress,  since  such  numerous  obstacles  arose  to 
check  my  ambition,  and  to  prevent  me  from  indulging  those 
desires,  which  all  my  acquaintance  looked  upon  as  extrava 
gant  and  romantic. 

"  When  I  had  completed  my  tenth  year,  I  found  myself  an 
inhabitant  of  a  place  remarkable  for  ignorance,  narrowness  of 
mind,  and  bigotry. 

"  An  uniform  method  of  thinking  and  acting  prevailed,  and 
nothing  could  be  more  criminal  than  for  one  person  to  be 
more  learned,  religious,  or  polite,  than  another.  For  instance, 
if  one  happened  to  make  advances  in  knowledge  beyond  his 
neighbors,  he  was  immediately  looked  upon  as  an  odd,  unac 
countable  fellow,  was  shunned  by  every  company,  and  left  to 
drink  his  mug  of  flip*  alone  on  lecture-day  night.  He  was 
sure  to  draw  upon  him  the  contempt  and  ridicule  of  the  other 
sex,  and  always  became  the  banter  of  the  young  females,  not 
only  at  the  frolic  and  dance,  but  at  the  washing  tub  and  spin 
ning  wheel. 

"  Whenever  a  person  began  to  make  a  figure  in  religion,  or 
had  the  boldness  to  be  more  virtuous  than  his  companions,  he 
instantly  drew  upon  him  the  envy  of  the  old  professors,  who 
branded  him  with  the  odious  names  of  upstart,  hypocrite,  and 
new-light 

"  As  for  all  politeness  and  every  kind  of  civility,  except 
what  their  great-grandfathers  taught  them,  it  was  esteemed  a 
crying  sin.  Thus  I  have  known  a  boy  whipped  for  saying  Sir 
to  his  father,  when  he  came  from  school,  —  a  young  fellow 
severely  reprimanded  for  drinking  a  health, — and  a  very  pretty 
girl  obliged  to  live  a  virgin  ten  years,  for  once  preferring  a  gen 
tleman  to  a  plough  jogger,  and  for  saluting  every  body  with  a 
courtesy.  The  old  people  were  so  'tenacious  of  the  customs 
of  their  ancestors,  that  no  consideration  could  prevail  upon 
them  to  vary  in  the  minutest  instance.  This  stupid  exactness 
might  be  discovered  in  the  field,  at  home,  at  the  tavern,  and 


*  "  Flip  ;  toddy  made  with  New  England  rum."—  Game's  History  of  Rowley,  p.  269. 

/  '  /£'  £  <*~ 

"  '      "*•'-"        *-&*• 


~    /J*  '"• 


i 


4  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1741. 

even  in  the  meeting-house.  Every  man  planted  as  many  acres 
of  Indian  corn,  and  sowed  the  same  number  with  rye;  he 
ploughed  with  as  many  oxen,  hoed  it  as  often,  and  gathered 
in  his  crop  on  the  same  day  with  his  grandfather.  With 
regard  to  his  family,  he  salted  down  the  same  quantity  of  beef 
and  pork,  wore  the  same  kind  of  stockings,  and  at  table,  sat 
and  said  grace  with  his  wife  and  children  around  him,  just  as 
his  predecessors  had  done  before  him. 

"  At  the  tavern  the  same  regulation  obtained,  where  it  was 
esteemed  impious  to  venture,  except  on  a  training  or  lecture- 
day.  Upon  the  former  occasion,  the  good  man  always  bought 
a  piece  of  sweet  cake  for  his  spouse,  and  a  roll  of  ginger-bread 
for  each  of  his  children ;  upon  the  latter,  you  might  see  the 
fathers  of  families  flocking  from  the  house  of  devotion,  with  a 
becoming  gravity  in  their  countenances,  to  the  house  of  flip. 

"  The  young  sparks  assemble  in  the  evening  to  divert  them 
selves,  when,  after  two  or  three  horse-laughs  at  some  passage 
in  the  sermon,  they  proceed  in  the  following  manner.  They 
send  for  an  old  negro,  who  presently  makes  his  appearance 
with  the  parish  fiddle,  part  of  the  head  of  it  is  broken,  it  is 
glued  together  in  several  places  with  rosin,  has  three  strings, 
etc.  Now  the  music  begins,  which  instantly  inspires  the 
youths,  who  lead  out  the  willing  fair  to  mingle  in  the  dance. 
They  hold  this  violent  exercise,  till  sweat  and  fatigue  oblige 
them  to  desist.  In  this  interval,  one  is  despatched  to  the 
tavern  for  a  dram,  which  revives  their  spirits  till  midnight, 
when  they  separate.  They  have  one  excellent  custom  here, 
and  that  is,  their  constant  attendance  on  public  worship. 
Upon  the  ringing  of  the  bell  on  Sundays,  every  one  repairs  to 
the  meeting-house,  and  behaves  with  tolerable  decency  till 
prayers  are  over.  As  to  singing,  the  greatest  part  have  re 
nounced  their  prejudices  'to  what  is  called  the  new  way,  but 
others  continue  to  place  such  sanctity  in  a  few  old  tunes,  that 
they  either  hang  down  their  heads  in  silence,  or  run  out  of 
the  meeting-house,  while  their  neighbors  are  singing  one  of  a 
more  modern  composition. 

"  When  the  sermon  begins,  every  one  has  the  privilege  of 
growing  drowsy,  about  the  middle  many  catch  a  nod,  and 


1741.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  5 

several  sleep  quietly  during  the  application.  These  honest 
people  would  esteem  it  a  great  hardship  if  they  were  denied 
the  privilege  of  taking  a  nap  once  a  week  in  their  meeting 
house. 

"  Thus,  at  the  age  of  ten,  I  found  myself  among  these  peo 
ple,  without  any  education,  without  money ;  and  to  increase 
my  misfortune,  I  was  bashful  to  the  extremest  degree. 

"  This  disposition  had  taken  such  a  possession  of  me,  that 
I  was  even  afraid  to  walk  the  streets  in  open  daylight,  and 
frequently,  when  I  have  been  sent  abroad  in  the  neighborhood 
of  an  errand,  I  have  gone  a  mile  about  through  fields  and 
bushes.  A  female  was  the  most  dreadful  sight  I  could  possi 
bly  behold,  and  till  I  was  eighteen,  I  had  never  courage  to 
speak  in  their  presence.  Whenever  I  had  the  misfortune  to 
meet  one  of  these  animals  in  the  street,  I  immediately  climbed 
over  the  fence,  and  lay  obscured  till  she  passed  along.  And, 
if  a  young  woman  happened  to  come  into  the  room  where  I 
was  sitting,  I  was  seized  with  a  trembling,  but  if  she  spake, 
my  confusion  was  so  great,  that  it  was  a  long  time  before  I 
could  recover.  But  these  difficulties,  instead  of  abating  my 
thirst  for  knowledge,  or  lessening  my  unbounded  desire  for 
travel,  only  served  as  so  many  incitements  to  these  acquisi 
tions." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  written  in  mature  life. 
It  will  be  perceived  that  it  was  addressed  to  a  lady.  Neither 
her  name,  nor  the  date  of  the  letter,  however,  are  preserved. 

"  I  was  born  in  a  country  town  on  the  coast  of  New  Eng 
land,  of  honest  parents,  who,  notwithstanding  they  were  ex 
tremely  industrious,  could  obtain  but  a  scanty  maintenance 
for  themselves  and  their  numerous  family. 

"  It  was  my  misfortune,  from  the  earliest  period  of  my  life, 
to  be  bashful  to  the  extremest  degree. 

"  I  was,  when  a  child,  even  under  all  the  disadvantages  of 
poverty  and  a  narrow  education,  extremely  ambitious,  and  my 
curiosity  was  unbounded,  and  my  thirst  for  knowledge  per 
fectly  insatiable.  1  was  for  taking  hold  of  every  opportunity 


6  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1750. 

to  increase  my  knowledge,  improve  my  understanding,  and  to 
gain  intelligence  of  humane  affairs.  The  means  I  enjoyed  for 
mental  acquirements  were  indeed  very  infrequent  and  slender. 
I  was  disposed  to  pass  all  my  leisure  hours  in  learning,  and 
yet  was  unfurnished  with  any  kind  of  books,  or  any  means  of 
acquiring  knowledge. 

"  I  was  constrained  to  labor  with  the  most  constant  and 
unwearied  diligence,  and  had  scarcely  time  allowed  me  for 
needful  recreation.  However,  a  season  is  never  wanting  to 
those  who  are  ready  to  improve  upon  any  occasion.  I  used 
to  redeem  an  hour  every  evening  from  the  small  portion  that 
was  allotted  for  my  sleep.  This,  for  want  of  books,  I  usually 
spent  in  scribbling,  so  that  I  composed  matter  upon  a  variety 
of  subjects,  sufficient,  I  suppose,  to  have  filled  several  volumes. 

"  It  happened,  one  evening,  after  I  had,  as  usual,  been  em 
ployed,  just  before  the  hour  of  repose,  with  my  pen,  that  I  was 
suddenly  called  away  upon  some  urgent  occasion.  In  the 
hurry  of  my  rising,  I  dropped  the  paper  which  I  had  been 
using,  so  that  it  was  taken  up  the  next  morning  by  a  person 
of  no  small  curiosity.  He  was  so  pleased  with  the  contents, 
that  he  instantly  communicated  it  to  the  perusal  of  some 
others,  till  at  length  it  arrived  at  the  Parson  of  our  Parish, 
who  was  a  pious  and  ingenious  gentleman.  He  was  so  taken 
with  the  performance,  that  he  resolved  to  pay  the  author  a 
visit.  By  some  means  or  other,  I  gained  intelligence  of  his 
design,  and  took  care  to  avoid  his  conversation,  by  secreting 
myself  from  the  knowledge  of  any  person.  I  took  a  ramble 
through  a  neighboring  grove,  where  I  gave  my  attention  to 
the  whispers  of  the  breeze,  the  noise  of  the  turtles,  and  the 
croaking  of  the  frogs,  till  I  thought  the  time  of  his  visit  had 
fully  expired.  For,  not  to  dissemble,  Madam,  I  esteemed  our 
minister,  in  that  day,  such  a  great  man,  that  thousands  would 
not  have  tempted  me  to  come  into  his  presence.  Being  ar 
rived  at  my  father's,  I  understood  that  he  had  paid  the  family 
a  visit,  and  had  prevailed  upon  my  father  to  let  him  have  the 
instructing  me  a  twelve  month,  and  that  without  any  con 
sideration.  Such  was  his  unparalleled  generosity ! 

"This  proposal,  however   advantageous   and   agreeable,  I 


1750.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  7 

found  encumbered  with  insuperable  difficulties,  for  I  imagined 
it  impossible  to  introduce  myself  to  the  family  without  perish 
ing  under  an  intolerable  weight  of  blushes,  and  the  deepest 
confusion.  The  day  soon  approached.  I  arose  in  the  morn 
ing,  having  never  closed  my  eyes  the  preceding  night,  and 
directed  my  course  to  the  Parson's.  I  passed  the  house,  and 
walked  backwards  and  forwards  by  it,  I  think,  no  less  than 
ten  times.  At  last,  a  strange  and  unusual  pang  of  courage 
and  resolution  came  upon  me,  and  forced  me  up  to  the  door, 
but,  alas,  when  I  arrived,  my  heart  failed  me,  and  I  presently 
perceived  my  spirits  beginning  to  sink,  till  finding  that  the 
eyes  of  a  young  female  in  the  neighborhood  were  turned 
towards  me,  I  concluded,  of  the  two  evils,  prudentially  to 
choose  the  lesser,  and  so  instantly  entered.  I  gat  over  the 
difficulties  of  my  first  address,  and  was  put  to  learning  that 
very  afternoon,  and,  as  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  perceive, 
greatly  to  the  acceptance  and  admiration  of  my  master." 

No  information  is  to  be  found  of  the  time  spent  in  his  pre 
paration  for  college.  Enough,  however,  has  been  stated,  to 
show  his  great  desire  for  learning,  and  the  serious  obstacles 
he  met  with  in  its  acquirement. 

To  the  Rev.  Jedediah  Jewett,  Pastor  of  the  First  Congre 
gational  Society  in  Rowley,  belongs  the  credit  of  taking  this 
poor  and  almost  friendless  young  man  from  his  obscurity,  and 
giving  him  the  opportunity  to  gratify  that  taste  for  learning, 
of  which  he  has  spoken  in  the  foregoing  extracts. 


8  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1751. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  subject  of  this  Memoir  entered  Harvard  College  in  1751, 
when  he  was  twenty  years  old. 

The  reason  of  his  commencing  his  preparation  for  college 
at  an  age  when  most  young  men  have  completed  their  col 
legiate  course,  appears  in  the  extracts  from  his  own  writings, 
which  have  already  been  given. 

We  can  hardly  expect  to  find  much  that*  will  interest  the 
general  reader  during  the  life  of  an  undergraduate.  But 
Jacob's  practice  of  writing,  by  which,  as  he  has  testified,  he 
acquired  most  of  the  education  he  had  before  he  was  noticed 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Jewett,  was  now  very  freely  followed,  and  por 
tions  of  copious  daily  journals  kept  by  him  are  still  in  exist 
ence.  Most  of  their  contents  might  have  been  pleasant  to 
him  as  reminiscences  in  after  life,  and  would  be  valued  by  his 
relations  and  friends.  Beyond  this  circle  they  possess  but 
little  interest.  Yet  there  are  some  matters  in  them  which 
may  be  alluded  to,  and  a  few  portions  of  them  will  be  ex 
tracted.  If  but  little  can  be  copied  from  these  writings  to 
illustrate  the  personal  biography  of  their  author,  still,  the 
glimpses  they  afford  of  the  state  of  society  at  the  time,  may 
not  be  uninteresting  in  themselves,  as  well  as  because  they 
exhibit  to  us,  to  some  extent,  the  influences  that  helped  to  form 
his  character  at  this  period  of  his  life.  It  would  appear,  from 
these  journals,  that  the  bashfulness  which  he  formerly  felt  in 
female  society,  and  of  which  he  has  spoken,  (see  previous 
extracts  from  his  writings,)  had  now  entirely  disappeared,  and 
that  the  company  of  the  softer  sex  was  now  eagerly  sought 
by  him,  and  highly  enjoyed. 

It  has  ever  been  a  practice  for  persons  to  complain  of  the 
age  in  which  they  live,  asserting  that  religion  and  morals  have 
deteriorated  from  their  former  condition,  and,  supposing  that 


1751.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  9 

their  tendency  was  still  downward,  to  indulge  in  gloomy  fore 
bodings  as  to  the  future.  We  read  the  writings  of  divines 
and  others,  who  flourished  two  centuries  since,  and  meet  with 
evidences  of  this  belief. 

Fifty  years  later,  the  complaint  is  repeated  in  the  books  of 
that  time.  Another  half  century  furnishes  us  with  lamenta 
tions  over  the  degeneracy  of  the  times  as  compared  with  those 
that  are  past.  Doubtless  there  is  reason  always  to  mourn 
over  the  disregard  that  men  manifest  to  their  highest  good.  A 
thoughtful  person  can  view  with  no  satisfaction  the  interest 
which  the  majority  show  in  perishing  trifles.  A  pious  mind, 
in  any  age,  cannot  but  be  pained  at  the  evidences  around  him, 
that  "the  things  that  are  seen,"  and  "that  are  temporal,"  so 
entirely  usurp  the  place  in  the  heart  which  should  be  occupied 
by  "  the  things  that  are  not  seen,"  and  that  "  are  eternal." 

Still,  we  cannot  but  think  that  the  last  one  hundred  years 
have  witnessed  material  improvements  in  the  decencies  of 
society  and  its  minor  morals,  and  where  these  are  improved, 
the  way  of  advance  in  more  important  matters  is  made  easier. 

Some  practices  were  current  during  the  youth  and  early 
manhood  of  Mr.  Bailey,  that  would  not  now  be  tolerated. 
New  England  society,  at  that  time,  in  country  towns,  was 
harsh  and  hard.  No  influences  prevailed  to  refine  the  man 
ners,  and  but  little  existed,  around  which  the  finer  feelings 
could  entwine  themselves.  The  love  of  letters  was  mostly 
confined  to  professional  men,  or  to  some  of  those  in  other 
pursuits,  who  had  received  a  liberal  education.  '  As  a  general 
thing,  it  was  not  supposed  that  females  need  be  taught  more 
than  the  mere  rudiments  of  learning.  Hence,  though  a  few 
trifling  amusements  were  occasionally  resorted  to  as  a  means 
of  preventing  listlessness,  sensual  pleasures  were  the  principal 
ones  of  that  generation. 

Modesty  prevents  more  than  an  allusion  to  some  of  the 
social  customs  of  the  time.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  the  inter 
course  between  the  sexes  in  rural  districts  was  frequently  of  a 
character  so  improper,  and  in  many  cases  so  gross,  that  the 
present  age  could  hardly  believe  a  plain  statement  of  its 
2 


10  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1753. 

nature,  were  it  not  certified  by  those  who  lived  at  that  day, 
and  who  speak  of  it  as  a  matter  of  course. 

The  subject  of  this  Memoir  lived  in  the  country  till  -he  was 
twenty  years  of  age,  and  he  fell  somewhat  into  the  habits  of 
those  around  him.  But  as  a  larger  acquaintance  with  the 
world  expanded  his  views,  as  the  company  of  females  edu 
cated  in  cities,  (where  no  such  customs  prevailed,)  gave  him 
juster  notions  of  the  purity  of  female  character,  and  as  Divine 
grace  strengthened  in  his  heart,  he  saw  the  nature  of  the 
intercourse  spoken  of  in  a  truer  light,  and  his  journals  and 
lettter-books  show  his  convictions  on  this  subject,  and  the 
efforts  he  made  for  reform.  To  him  fairly  belongs  the  credit 
of  having,  in  early  manhood,  advanced  beyond  the  age  in 
which  he  lived,  in  his  ideas  of  what  females  were  capable  of 
becoming,  and  the  honesty  of  his  convictions  was  abundantly 
manifested  in  his  persevering  efforts  for  their  improvement  in 
secular  and  religious  knowledge. 

Ardent  spirits  were  a  common  beverage  in  Mr.  Bailey's  day, 
among  all  classes.  The  minister,  the  deacons  and  the  people, 
all  indulged  in  a  practice,  now  so  loudly  condemned.  Playing 
cards  was  nearly  as  universal.  Young  men,  almost  on  the 
point  of  entering  the  ministry,  did  not  hesitate  to  join  a  party 
at  whist,  or  other  games  ;  and,  if  after  they  had  been  ordained, 
they  scrupled  at  engaging  in  this  amusement,  they  did  not 
forbid  its  being  indulged  in  under  their  roof.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  dancing. 

A  portion  of  his  journal,  while  he  was  a  college  student, 
illustrates  what  has  been  said  touching  the  three  last  customs. 
Under  date  of  January  19,  1753,  he  gives  an  account  of  the 
marriage  of  a  daughter  of  a  pious  and  orthodox  New  Eng 
land  clergyman  in  a  country  town.  "  After  the  ceremony  was 
past,"  says  he,  "  dinner  was  prepared,  but  first  I  waited  upon 
the  gentry  with  a  bowl  of  lemon  punch.  *  *  *  *  About 
the  coming  on  of  the  evening,  the  younger  sort,  to  the  number 
of  about  fifty,  repaired  to  the  western  chamber,  where  we 
spent  the  evening  in  singing,  dancing,  and  wooing  the  widow." 
The  festivities  appear  to  have  been  renewed  at  the  clergy- 


1754.]  LIFE    OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  11 

man's  house  the  next  day,  when  several  young  people  assem 
bled.  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Having  saluted  the  bride,  we  spent 
our  time,  some  in  dancing,  the  others  in  playing  cards,  for  the 
space  of  two  hours.  *  *  *  *  After  dinner,  we  young 
people  repaired  to  our  chamber,  where  we  spent  the  day  in 
plays,  such  as  singing,  dancing,  wooing  the  widow,  playing 
cards,  box,  etc." 

Thus  much  for  the  social  habits  of  that  day.  Who  can 
deny  that  they  have  been  much  improved  in  the  mean  time  ? 

It  is  with  much  satisfaction  that  we  make  extracts  from  Mr. 
Bailey's  journals,  recording  the  liberality  of  certain  persons  in 
assisting  him  to  pay  his  expenses  when  in  college.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Jewett  was  the  friend  on  whom  he  mainly  relied  for  means 
to  obtain  his  education.  Yet  Mr.  Jewett  probably  thought 
that  others  ought  to  share  this  burden  with  him. 

"  April  13//J,  1753.  *  *  We  resorted  to  Messrs.  Gushing 
and  Newman's,  (in  Boston,)  where  we  were  led  into  a  room 
most  curiously  adorned  with  rich  and  costly  furniture.  Mr. 
Jewett,  after  having  entered  into  some  discourse  with  these 
gentlemen,  easily  persuaded  them  to  subscribe  £85,  O.  T., 
a-piece,  for  my  support  at  college.  From  these  gentlemen  I 
had  an  invitation  of  making  free  at  their  house  for  the  future." 
This  bounty,  however,  added  to  what  other  resources  he  might 
have,  does  not  seem  to  have  been  sufficient  to  meet  his  ex 
penses,  as  we  may  infer  from  the  following  entry  in  his  journal, 
dated  "  Roivley,  January  28th,  1754.  This  day,  meeting  with 
many  discouragements,  I  had  almost  resolved  to  fix  off  to  sea, 
but  just  as  I  had  the  matter  in  agitation,  1  had  an  offer  to  go 
to  Bradford,  where,  I  hoped,  I  should  find  something  to  divert 
my  mind."  On  his  return,  he  says,  "  I  called  in  at  (Rev.)  Mr. 
Chandler's,  about  sunset,  who  gave  me  two  dollars  and  a  pair 
of  gloves.  He  also  lent  me  his  Hebrew  Bible." 

The  aid  of  Rev.  Mr.  Jewett  was  called  in  on  this  emergency. 
He  advised  a  journey  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  an  appeal  to 
several  persons  in  that  town  and  its  vicinity.  Jacob,  being 
furnished  with  letters  of  introduction,  travelled  to  Portsmouth, 
and  the  extracts  from  his  journals,  which  follow,  show  his 
success. 


12  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1754. 

"  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  January  31^,  1754.  Waited  upon  Col. 
Gilman  with  a  letter.  *  *  *  Called  on  my  classmate, 
John  Wentworth.  *  *  *  Rev.  Mr.  Langdon  came 
home,  to  whom  I  presented  my  letter.  He,  upon  receiving  it, 
spake  very  discouraging  of  my  receiving  any  donation  in  the 
town.  However,  he  promised,  the  next  day  to  use  his  interest 
among  the  gentlemen. 

"  February  1st.  *  *  *  The  first  place  we  called  at 
was  Wentworth's,  who  welcomed  me  to  his  house,  and  gave 
me  his  hand.  After  I  had  been  there  a  few  minutes,  his  son, 
my  classmate,  made  his  appearance,  and  invited  me  to  dine 
with  him,  as  did  his  father,  and  Mr.  Langdon  being  invited 
also,  1  consented.  At  our  coming  away,  Mr.  Wentworth  gave 
Mr.  Langdon  <£12  for  me.  After  this,  we  went  to  Sen'r  CoL 
Sherburne's,  where  we  were  courteously  entertained,  and  in 
vited  to  dine  with  him.  He,  at  parting,  gave  me  £2.  *  * 
About  nine  o'clock,  having  obtained  leave  of  Esq.  Bell,  I  set 
out  for  New  Castle  with  the  Esq.  and  three  of  his  men,  to 
TOW  us  down.  It  happened  to  be  a  very  cold,  dark,  and  stormy 
night ;  the  rain  that  fell  froze  upon  everything,  but  though  we 
were  much  fatigued,  yet  we  arrived  in  about  half  an  hour  at 
New  Castle,  it  being  about  three  miles  from  Portsmouth.  On 
our  arrival,  Esq.  Bell  sent  one  of  his  men  to  show  me  to 
(Rev.)  Mr.  Chase's.  When  I  arrived  there,  about  ten  o'clock, 
I  found  myself  perfectly  unknown." 

Mr.  Chase  read  the  letter  of  recommendation  from  Mr. 
Jewett.  He  "  made  some  of  his  servants  bring  me  some  sup 
per,  and  very  courteously  entertained  me  all  night." 

"  February  2d.  After  prayers,  we  all  breakfasted  upon  choc 
olate,  etc.  When  we  had  done,  Mr.  Chase  called  me  into 
another  room,  and  gave  me  £3,  Hampshire  money.  After 
wards,  we  fitted  out  for  fishing,  and  getting  into  Mr.  Chase's 
boat,  we,  six  in  number,  launched  off,  but  changing  my  mind, 
I  was  set  on  Kittery  shore.  Being  come  to  land,  I  travelled 
over  the  rocks  up  to  (Rev.)  Mr.  Stevens's.  Here  I  found  his 
wife  and  he  at  dinner,  and,  upon  invitation,  sat  down  with 
them.  After  dinner,  Mr,  Stevens  *  *  gave  me  a  dollar,  and  a 
recommendatory  line  to  Sir  William  Pepperell.  About  two,  I 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  13 

set  out  with  the  intention  of  seeing  York,  but  before  I  had 
got  to  Sir  William's  plantation,  an  exceeding  thick  fog  arose 
and  covered  all  the  land,  so  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to 
discern  the  ground  right  under  one's  feet.  I  at  length,  how 
ever,  found  the  knight's  house,  and  went  first  into  the  kitchen, 
where  I  waited  till  after  he  had  dined,  and  then  sent  in  my 
letter.  When  he  had  read  it,  he  immediately  sent  for  me, 
upon  which  I  was  conducted  into  the  room,  where  I  found 
Sir  William  and  his  lady  and  three  gentlemen.  The  knight 
ordered  me  to  sit  down,  and  turned  me  out  a  glass  of  wine, 
upon  which  I  drank  his  health.  After  I  had  been,  with  the 
gentlemen  present,  long  entertained  with  an  account  of  his 
travels  in  England,  he  sent  a  young  scribe  in  his  employ  with 
a  couple  of  blacks  up  to  Portsmouth  in  a  boat,  with  whom  he 
ordered  me  a  passage.  Accordingly,  about  three  o'clock,  we 
prepared  for  our  voyage,  and  being  ready  to  set  off,  Sir  Wil 
liam's  lady  presented  me  with  a  dollar,  and  he  gave  me  twenty 
shillings  in  copper,  and  came  with  us  down  to  the  water, 
where  he  helped  me  into  the  boat,  and  charged  me  to  come 
arid  see  him,  if  I  came  that  way  again." 

#  *  *  *  *  * 

"  February  kth.  This  day  I  proposed  to  set  out  on  my  jour 
ney  home,  but  after  breakfast  Mr.  Langdon  and  I  took  a  walk, 
first  to  Mr.  Wiberd's,  the  Counsellor,  and  then  to  Mr.  Wiberd, 
the  Merchant,  who  gave  me  two  dollars  a-piece.  During  my 
stay  here,  I  was  taken  aside  by  my  lady  Wiberd,  who  bestow 
ed  upon  me  a  yard  and  a  half  of  very  fine  muslin  and  a  pair 
of  fine  worsted  stockings.  As  we  were  going  out  of  Mr. 
Wiberd's  we  met  Mr.  Jefferds,  who  gave  me  nine  livres. 

"  From  hence  we  proceeded  to  Col.  Atkinson's,  who  out  of 
his  generosity  put  me  into  the  possession  of  <£12,  Hampshire 
money,  and  treated  me  very  handsomely.  From  Col.  Atkin 
son's  we  directed  our  course  to  Capt.  Warner's,  where  I  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  his  son,  who,  together  with  his  father, 
treated  me  very  handsomely.  Being  invited  to  dinner  here, 
we  refused  and  retired  home,  where  we  dined  ;  after  which, 
Capt.  Warner's  son  came  to  Mr.  Langdon's,  and  after  we  had 
sat  together  a  little  time,  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Langdon's 


14  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;   OR,  [1754. 

family.  On  coming  out  of  the  door,  Warner  came  with  me 
and  gave  me  four  dollars  and  a  bundle  of  things,  worth  <£10, 
O.  T.  I  have  the  greatest  reason  to  esteem  this  town,  for  the 
kindness  I  received  from  several  of  the  principal  inhabitants, 
especially  from  Mr.  Langdon  and  his  family,  who  all  treated 
me  with  peculiar  respect." 

******* 

"  Cambridge,  February  27th.  This  day  received  by  Mr. 
Warner,  from  (Rev.)  Mr.  Langdon,  of  Portsmouth,  the  re 
maining  part  of  my  bounty  from  those  gentlemen  I  had  lately 
visited,  consisting  of  one  pistole,  one  English  shilling,  and 
forty-two  livres." 

The  following  portion  of  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal,  containing 
an  account  of  a  journey  which  he  made  into  Connecticut, 
will  no  doubt  prove  interesting. 

"  July  9th.  This  day  having  concluded  to  accompany 
Wm.  Brown  and  his  sister  to  New  London,  I  arose  early 
in  the  morning,  about  half  after  four  o'clock.  *  *  I  went 
to  Stockbridge's  chamber,  who  rose  and  went  with  me  to 
Stedman's "  after  a  horse,  but  not  prospering,  Elliot  rode  down 
to  Charlestown  and  got  one  of  Mr.  Wood.  *  *  Brown 
coming  from  Salem  about  eleven  o'clock,  we  left  Cambridge 
a  little  before  twelve.  Before  we  had  gotten  a  mile  1  perceiv 
ed  I  had  left  my  great  coat,  upon  which  I  rode  back  after  it, 
and  took  leave  of  several  scholars.  I  set  out  again,  and  rode 
directly  for  Bils,  in  Jamaica,  where  I  found  Mr.  Brown  and 
Miss  Nabby  at  dinner  with  Capt.  Fry,  of  Andover,  and  several 
others.  After  dinner  we  three  sat  together  upon  the  benches 
before  the  door  awhile,  and  about  two  o'clock  set  out  on  our 
journey,  riding  through  Jamaica,  a  pleasant  parish  in  the 
upper  part  of  Roxbury,  beautified  with  the  country  seats  of 
several  gentlemen.  We  came  at  length  to  Mr.  Walter's,  a 
very  pleasant  seat,  where  gravity  and  elegance  seemed  to  re 
side.  A  number  of  venerable  trees  spread  their  agreeable 
shades  and  formed  a  fit  habitation  for  the  Muses.  Here  Wm. 
Walter  invited  us  in,  but  being  on  our  journey  we  refused. 

The  next  town  we  came  to  was  Dedham,  where  Ames,  the 


1754.]  LIFE    OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  15 

famous  astronomer  lives.  Just  as  we  passed  his  house,  an 
accident  happened.  The  swivel,  by  which  the  horse  drew  the 
chair,  came  loose  and  fell  against  his  heels,  which  set  him  in  a 
terrible  fright.  He  ran  with  all  his  might  and  took  the  chair 
into  a  small  gate-way,  but  people  being  near  at  hand,  delivered 
my  young  companions  from  impending  ruin. 

DEDHAM. 

No  remarkable  place,  but  an  old  settled  town.  Some  good 
buildings  towards  the  middle.  It  contains  three  parishes. 
The  roads  are  good,  but  pretty  much  up  hill  and  down.  After 
we  repaired  our  chair,  we  rode  as  far  as  one  Dean's,  where  we 
diverted  ourselves  with  the  affected  gentility.  Leaving  Dean's, 
we  rode  next  through  Walpole.  Here  we  had  the  company  of 
a  Bristol  man  who  had  that  day  come  from  Ipswich. 

WALPOLE. 

A  country  town,  most  remarkable  for  valleys  and  hills.  The 
roads,  as  in  Dedham.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Payson  is  the  only  min 
ister  here.  About  dark,  we  came  into  Wrentham,  where  we 
put  up.  After  we  had  brought  in  all  our  things,  we  took  a 
room  to  ourselves,  drank  a  bowl  of  beverage,  and  supped 
upon  lamb  steaks.  At  supper,  we  had  a  very  odd  creature  to 
wait  upon  us.  By  its  dress,  we  judged  it  to  be  of  the  femi 
nine  gender.  We  made  some  sorrowful  reflections  upon  the 
situation  of  our  chums  at  college,  but  soon  began  to  divert 
ourselves  with  Madam  Dean's  affected  gentility.  Miss  Nabby 
made  several  pert  observations.  After  we  had  considered  the 
great  deliverance  we  had  experienced  in  the  day  time,  with 
wishing  each  other  good  night,  we  betook  ourselves  to  repose. 
Miss  Nabby  lodged  in  our  keeping  room,  Mr.  Brown  and  I  in 
a  chamber  overhead. 

July  10th.  This  day  arose  in  the  morning.  We  had  the 
company  of  the  Bristol  man  I  had  seen  before  on  our  journey  for 
several  miles ;  but  before  we  set  out,  we  breakfasted  upon  tea. 

WRENTHAM. 

A  pretty,  plain  country  town ;  one  or  two  very  neat  build 
ings;  one  meeting-house,  and  a  very  good  road  through  the 


16  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;   OR,          [1754. 

greatest  part  of  it.  After  we  had  rode  about  an  hour,  we 
came  into  Attleborough,  and  at  length  passed  by  Parson 
Weld's,*  where  we  had  a  view  of  his  numerous  file  of  daugh 
ters,  out  of  a  chamber  window  they  were  in.  We  made  some 
stop,  afterwards,  at  one  Parson  Clark's.  The  people  begin 
now  to*  appear  in  a  sylvan  roughness ;  the  women  in  these 
parts  wear  but  little  more  clothing  than  what  nature  gave 
them.  The  first  stage  we  made  was  at  Day's,  where  we 
called  to  change  our  horses,  but  not  succeeding,  we  departed, 
and  proceeded  towards  Providence,  riding  through  a  very 
sandy  plain. 

ATTLEBOROUGH. 

A  long  country  town,  situated  at  a  vast  distance  from  the 
Eastern  Ocean,  the  land  somewhat  poor  and  sandy,  the  roads 
very  good,  and  but  one  meeting-house.  We  came,  at  last,  to 
Sekonk,  which  is  three  miles  in  length  and  breadth,  having 
upon  it  neither  tree  nor  stone,  but  an  exceeding  fine  road,  and 
glorious  riding. 

REHOBOTH. 

We  saw  nothing  here  but  a  large  plain :  it  is  the  southern 
bounds  of  the  Massachusetts  dominions.  After  we  had 
passed  Sekonk  Plains,  we  came  over  a  large  bridge,  built 
exceeding  high  from  the  water ;  the  stream  itself  has  a  pro 
digious  fall.  About  twelve  o'clock,  we  came  to  Providence, 
and  put  up  at  Capt.  Ones,  where  we  dined,  and  had  a  very 
good  entertainment.  A  very  pretty  young  lady  belonging  to 
the  family,  afforded  us  her  company,  and  entertained  us  with 
her  pleasant  conversation.  The  house  is  furnished  in  a  very 
elegant  and  curious  manner.  After  we  had  rested  ourselves 
and  horses,  we  proceeded  and  rode  through  the  delightful 
town  of  Providence,  and  passed  the  great  bridge. 

PROVIDENCE 

Is  a  most  beautiful  place,  lying  on  both  sides  of  a  fine  river, 
in  the  north-westerly  part  of  Rhode  Island  government.  The 

*  Rev.  HABIJAH  WELD,  who  died  in  1782,  after  a  ministry  of  fifty-five  years.    His 
family  consisted  of  four  sons  and  eleven  daughters. 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  17 

north-east  side  is  built  with  two  streets  of  painted  houses, 
above  which  lies  a  mr>st  delightful  hill,  gradually  ascending  to 
a  great  distance,  all  cut  into  gardens,  orchards,  pleasant  fields, 
and  beautiful  enclosures,  which  strike  the  eye  with  agreeable 
surprise.  Here  is  a  fine  harbor  for  shipping,  and  a  well-built 
bridge  across  the  river.  The  town,  on  the  south-west  side,  is 
not  less  elegant  than  on  the  north-east,  but  contains  two  or 
three  streets  of  well-built  houses.  Providence  is  a  very  grow 
ing  and  flourishing  place,  and  the  finest  in  New  England. 
Here  is  one  meeting-house,  one  church,  one  Quaker  and  one 
New-Light  house  for  divine  worship.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
place,  in  general,  are  very  immoral,  licentious  and  profane, 
and  exceeding  famous  for  contempt  of  the  Sabbath.  Gaming, 
gunning,  horse-racing  and  the  like,  are  as  common  on  that  day 
as  on  any  other.  Persons  of  all  professions  countenance  such 
practices.  From  Providence  we  rode  over  a  fine  plain  to 
Patuxet. 

PATUXET 

Is  a  pretty  compact  place,  built  upon  a  small  river,  over  which 
is  a  very  good  bridge.  From  Patuxet  we  rode  through  a  long 
desert  country,  in  which  we  saw  but  a  very  few  people,  and 
they  almost  as  rough  as  the  trees.  In  riding  through  a  great 
wood,  we  came,  at  length,  to  a  house  about  the  bigness  of  a 
hog-sty.  The  hut  abounded  in  children,  who  came  abroad 
to  stare  at  us  in  great  swarms,  but  were  clothed  only  with  a 
piece  of  cloth  about  the  middle,  blacker  than  the  ground  on 
which  they  trod.  Miss  Nabby  began  to  wonder  that  the 
poor  creatures  did  not  wholly  abandon  themselves  to  sorrow 
and  despair,  but  I  told  her,  I  made  no  doubt  they  enjoyed 
themselves  as  much  in  their  savage  condition,  as  she  in  all  her 
elegance  and  plenty. 

We  spent  some  time,  as  we  rode  along,  in  reflecting  upon 
the  unhappy  circumstances  of  these  people,  and  upon  the 
different  genius  and  inclinations  of  the  humane  mind.  At 
length,  being  very  dry,  we  came  to  another  house,  where  we 
lit,  and  coming  in,  found  five  or  six  women  in  a  little  room 
without  any  floor,  either  over  head  or  under  foot.  Two  or 
three  of  them  appeared  to  be  young.  One  of  the  young 
3 


18  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1754. 

wenches  made  haste  to  draw  us  some  water,  while  another 
made  search  for  a  drinking  vessel,  and  the  last  gave  us  water 
in  an  old  broken  mug,  almost  as  ancient  as  time,  of  which  we 
drank  very  sparingly.  After  we  had  rode  a  few  miles  further, 
we  came  to  Major  Stafford's :  his  daughter  came  to  wait  upon 
us,  (after  absconding  for  about  two  minutes,)  barefooted  and 
barelegged,  with  a  fine  patch  and  a  silver  knot  on  her  head, 
with  a  snuff  box  in  one  hand,  and  a  pinch  at  her  nose  in  the 
other.  She  afforded  abundance  of  amusement  for  my  polite 
companions,  which  stuck  by  us  longer  than  anything  we  met 
with  in  our  journey.  This  Stafford's  is  in  Warwick,  about 
fifty-seven  miles  from  Boston. 

WARWICK. 

A  poor,  but  old-settled  town,  something  populous,  on  the 
borders  of  Greenwich  ;  the  inhabitants  very  profane  and  un po 
lite.  From  Stafford's  we  proceeded  to  Wolcot's,  just  upon 
the  edge  of  Greenwich. 

At  Wolcot's,  where  we  put  up  in  the  evening,  we  were 
much  interrupted  by  the  town's  people  coming  in,  cursing  and 
swearing,  and  drinking,  but  at  supper  time  we  had  a  room  by 
ourselves,  and  enjoyed  freedom  of  conversation,  which  turned 
chiefly  upon  the  affairs  of  the  preceding  day.  Our  supper 
afforded  us  some  amusement,  it  being  fried  chickens  and  cur 
rant  sauce,  sweetened  with  molasses ;  but  nothing  so  much 
diverted  us  as  the  Major's  daughter.  Observation.  —  Those 
people  who,  to  appearance,  live  the  most  mean  and  sordid 
lives,  seem  to  enjoy  themselves,  and  to  take  as  much  pleasure 
in  life  as  those  who  pass  away  their  time  in  the  most  elegant 
and  sumptuous  manner. 

July  \\th.  This  day  arose  very  early  in  the  morning,  and, 
having  fitted  for  our  journey,  we  took  our  leave  of  Mr.  Wol- 
cot,  and  set  out  through  Greenwich ;  but  before  we  had  got  a 
mile  it  began  to  rain. 

GREENWICH 

Is  a  very  populous  shire  town,  and  built  compact  on  the  north 
side.  Here  is  one  Baptist  meeting-house  and  a  court-house, 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  19 

handsomely  erected.  A  little  to  the  southward  of  the  town,  is 
a  road,  for  about  half  a  mile,  upon  a  high  ridge,  with  terrible 
valleys  on  both  sides.  We  rode  through  Greenwich  and  a 
part  of  North  Kingston,  over  a  prodigious  rocky  way,  about 
eight  miles,  while  rain  fell  in  impetuous  showers,  and  made  no 
stop  till  we  came  to  Thomas,  the  Quaker's,  where  we  dried 
ourselves,  and  breakfasted  upon  tea.  We  found  here  the 
dirtiest  tavern-keeper  that  ever  was  made;  all  the  while  I 
stopped,  I  could  scarce  get  a  word  out  of  him.  After  we  had 
sufficiently  dried  our  things,  we  called  for  our  horses,  and  pro 
ceeded  on  our  journey  to  North  Kingston,  through  a  most  ter 
rible  rocky  country. 

NORTH  KINGSTON. 

A  very  scattering  town,  exceeding  stony,  but  very  fertile, 
abounding  in  grass  and  the  best  of  pasturage.  After  we  had 
got  to  South  Kingston,  we  came  to  the  foot  of  Tower  Hill ; 
the  ascent  to  the  top  is  very  easy,  though  from  the  first  rising 
it  is,  for  four  miles,  scarce  perceivable.  In  many  places  the 
country  on  each  side  affords  a  most  beautiful  prospect.  The 
ascent,  within  a  mile  of  the  top,  grows  something  steep  and 
rough.  About  one  o'clock  we  reached  the  top  of  the  hill, 
which  is  a  large  spacious  plain,  on  which  is  built  a  handsome 
town,  the  houses  exceeding  neat,  and  the  gardens  very  elegant. 

SOUTH   KINGSTON. 

The  whole  township  seems  to  contain  Tower  Hill,  which  is 
the  most  fertile  part  of  New  England.  It  is  in  the  north 
eastern  part  of  the  Narraganset  country ;  the  compact  part  of 
the  town  is  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  about  ten  miles  from  New 
port,  the  metropolis  of  the  government.  The  descent  from  the 
town,  on  the  eastern  side  next  the  water,  is  very  steep,  but 
exceeding  pleasant,  diversified  with  little  fields,  grass  enclo 
sures,  and  artificial  groves.  Near  the  Presbyterian  meeting 
house,  which  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  place,  are  several 
large  and  elegant  buildings,  with  some  of  the  finest  gardens 
in  New  England.  The  people  here  live  in  better  position 
than  in  most  parts  of  the  government.  South  Kingston  is  a 
shire  town,  and  is  favored  with  the  presence  of  the  General 


20  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1754. 

Assembly  once  in  two  years.  Having  gained  the  top  of  the 
hill,  we  put  up  at  Esq.  Case's.  Here  we  were  received  with 
the  utmost  civility  and  complaisance ;  the  Esq.  came  out  him 
self  and  welcomed  us  to  Tower  Hill,  led  us  into  one  of  his 
best  rooms,  and  served  us  out  wine  with  his  own  hands.  Din 
ner  being  ready,  we  sat  down,  and  had  everything  in  the  best 
order,  with  the  most  genteel  attendance.  We  found  the  Esq. 
to  be  a  prodigious  loquacious  gentleman.  Among  the  rest  of 
his  discourses,  he  told  us  that  all  the  gentlemen  that  travelled 
the  road  from  South  Carolina  to  Piscataqua,  had  heard  of  his 
fame,  and  made  his  house  a  stage,  and  by  a  few  subtle  hints, 
gave  us  to  understand  that  he  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
After  dinner  was  over,  we  rose  from  the  table,  he  clasped  his 
wife  round  the  neck  and  kissed  her,  and  going  into  our  room, 
he  entertained  us  with  a  long  relation  concerning  the  family 
of  the  Browns,  and  then  offered  to  wait  upon  us  down  to  the 
eastern  part  of  the  hill,  to  see  a  man  that  hung  there  in  gib 
bets,  but  we,  excusing  the  matter,  went  ourselves  to  the  bottom 
of  the  hill,  and  there  beheld  the  sorrowful  sight.  The  man 
had  been  there  three  years  already,  and  his  flesh  was  all  dried 
fast  to  his  bones,  and  was  as  black  as  an  African's.  The 
crimes  for  which  he  was  thus  exposed  were  robbery  and  mur 
der.  He  was  taken  in  the  southern  parts  of  Long  Island  with 
some  indisposition,  and  being  in  a  strange  place,  one  Jackson, 
a  leather  merchant,  travelling  with  his  horse,  found  him  and 
took  pity  on  him,  and  being  on  his  way  to  Rhode  Island,  bore 
all  his  expenses,  and  treated  him  with  all  the  tenderness  of  a 
father,  for  near  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  till  he  arrived  at 
South  Kingston,  where,  being  together  about  the  dusk  of  the 
evening,  near  the  great  Quaker  meeting-house,  he  took  up  a 
stone,  and  with  it  struck  him  down.  Jackson  begged  his  life, 
and  that  he  might,  and  welcome,  take  all  his  wealth;  but  he 
cursed  and  then  fell  upon  him,  and  in  a  few  minutes  made  full 
despatch  of  his  innocent  patron ;  thus  we  have  at  once  an 
horrid  instance  of  ingratitude.  After  we  had  looked  at  the 
sorrowful  spectacle  a  long  time,  we  travelled  up  the  hill  with 
some  difficulty.  Being  returned  to  Case's,  we  paid  our  reck 
oning,  and  set  out.  After  we  had  rode  about  a  mile,  we  came 


1754]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  21 

to  the  great  Quaker  meeting-house,  which  is  an  odd- built 
thing,  having  a  kitchen  and  chimney  at  one  side.  Towards 
the  southern  part  of  Kingston,  we  came  to  a  hill,  over  which 
the  road  lay,  with  a  shocking  ledge  of  rocks.  With  much 
difficulty  we  passed  it,  and  continuing  our  journey  till  about 
the  dusk  of  the  evening,  we  arrived  at  Capt.  Hill's,  in  Charles- 
town,  after  a  very  tedious  day's  journey,  through  abundance 
of  wet  and  heat.  After  we  had  taken  in  our  things,  we  were 
entertained  all  the  evening  with  divers  stories  concerning  the 
adjacent  country,  by  Capt.  Hill's  son.  He  gave  us  an  insight 
into  the  laws  and  customs  of  the  government,  and  told  us  that 
the  natives  inhabited  those  parts,  to  the  number  of  five  or  six 
hundred,  and  that  their  king  was  a  young  man  about  eighteen 
years  of  age,  at  school  at  Newport.  The  place  where  we 
lodged  is  about  five  miles  from  the  place  where  the  great  Nar- 
raganset  battle  was  fought,  in  which  so  many  soldiers  expired. 

July  \.2tli.  This  morning,  about  daybreak,  it  rained  very 
hard.  We  arose  with  the  sun,  soon  after  which  it  cleared 
away,  and  looked  like  a  pleasant  day.  We  breakfasted  upon 
tea,  and  calling  for  our  horses,  set  out.  After  we  had  rode 
about  a  mile  and  a  half,  we  passed  by  the  Narraganset  king's 
house,  which  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  spacious  plain.  It  is  a 
building  two  stories  high,  with  two  or  three  rooms  on  a  floor, 
but  of  late  it  is  miserably  fallen  to  ruin.  We  had  a  sight  of 
two  of  the  king's  sisters,  who  came  to  the  door  as  we  rode  by. 
We  still  continued  our  progress  through  the  Narraganset 
country,  till  we  came  to  the  borders  of  Westerly. 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Charlestown  lies  in  the  centre  of  the  Narraganset  country, 
in  the  place  where  the  great  battle  was  fought,  so  famous  in 
our  New  England  annals.  The  land  here,  for  several  miles 
near  the  sea-coast,  is  very  smooth  and  pleasant.  Here  are 
some  of  the  finest  groves,  fields,  and  grass  enclosures,  of  any 
in  New  England.  We  rode  through  Westerly,  meeting  divers 
Indians,  till  we  came  to  Weeden's,  where  we  stopped  till  eleven. 
The  weather  being  very  hot,  our  horses  were  much  overcome. 


22  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1754. 

but  having  refreshed  both  them  and  ourselves,  we  proceeded 
over  a  terrible  rough  and  uneven  way,  till  we  came  to  a  river, 
which  divides  Rhode  Island  from  Connecticut. 

WESTERLY 

Is  the  most  western  town  in  Rhode  Island,  and  is  a  miserable, 
poor,  unpopulated  place,  having  nothing  in  it  but  woods, 
mountains  and  rocks,  yet  near  the  separating  river  there  are 
divers  good  farms.  The  inhabitants  seem  to  be,  a  great  part 
of  them,  Indians.  After  we  had  passed  the  river  over  a  large 
bridge,  we  came  into  Stonington,  up  and  down  whose  rocky 
hills  we  rode,  till  coming  to  a  great  tree,  we  sat  awhile  under 
its  shade  and  refreshed  ourselves,  after  which  we  proceeded 
several  miles,  till  at  length  Miss  Nabby  missed  her  capuchin. 
I  immediately  rode  back,  and  found  it  within  a  mile  of  the 
place  where  we  first  missed  it.  After  we  had  rode  over  some 
of  the  most  frightful  hills,  so  that  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sister 
were  obliged  to  alight  and  walk  on  foot,  and  so  steep  were 
they  in  places,  that  it  was  hardly  safe  riding  down  upon  a 
single  horse,  having  gone  through  a  great  deal  of  difficulty, 
we  came  to  Col.  Williams's.  Here  we  made  a  small  stop, 
and  though  almost  overcome  with  the  tediousness  of  our  jour 
ney,  we  left  the  tavern,  and  with  it  Stonington,  about  four 
o'clock. 

STONINGTON 

Is  in  the  south-east  part  of  Connecticut.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Preston,  on  the  east  by  the  Narraganset  River,  on 
the  south  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  west  by  Groton. 
It  is  so  called,  from  the  great  abundance  of  stones  found  here. 
The  roads  here  were  formerly  almost  impassable,  but  by  reason 
of  their  being,  for  the  most  part,  movable,  it  continually  grows 
better.  The  town  is  all  under  improvement,  and  divided  into 
stately  farms.  Here  are  four  large  parishes.  Having  got  into 
Stonington,  we  came  into  the  borders  of  Groton,  of  all  places 
the  most  horrid  and  shocking.  After  we  had  rode  about  four 
miles,  over  a  prodigious  continuation  of  rocky  mountains,  we 
ascended  upwards  for  some  time,  till  at  length  we  began  to 
descend,  and  came  to  a  smooth  place,  as  we  thought,  at  the 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  23 

bottom  of  the  hill  over  which  we  rode;  but  coming  to  the  end, 
we  found  before  us  a  most  horrible  precipice,  encumbered  on 
every  side  with  impenetrable  thickets.  The  road  we  had  to 
pass  was  excessive  steep,  over  one  entire  chain  of  rocks,  which 
descended  like  a  winding  pair  of  stairs,  having  the  steps  at  an 
enormous  distance  from  each  other.  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sister 
got  out  of  the  chair,  and  I  dismounted  for  their  assistance. 
Having  fastened  my  horse,  one  took  hold  of  the  chair  and  the 
other  of  the  horse,  and  with  a  vast  deal  of  trouble,  having 
followed  the  path  which  led  to  almost  every  point  of  the  com 
pass,  we  came  to  the  bottom  in  safety;  but  bringing  down 
my  horse,  he  had  like  to  have  broken  his  neck.  After  this,  we 
rode  by  a  Quaker  meeting-house,  then  by  a  Presbyterian,  and 
at  length,  about  half  after  eight  o'clock,  we  came  to  the  ferry, 
and  thus,  after  a  tedious  journey  of  four  days,  we  arrived  in 
New  London.  The  roads  were  so  excessively  bad,  that  we 
were  four  hours  and  a  half  in  riding  the  last  eight  miles.  It 
was  past  eleven  before  we  had  crossed  the  ferry  and  got  to  Mr. 
"Winthrop's.  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sister  were  received  by  the 
whole  family  with  all  imaginable  expressions  of  joy  and  satis 
faction.  After  supper,  we  betook  ourselves  to  repose. 

GROTON. 

Groton,  the  last  town  through  which  we  passed,  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Norwich  and  Preston,  on  the  east  by  Stoning- 
ton  and  Preston,  on  the  south  by  the  Atlantic,  on  the  west  by 
the  River  Thames,  which  divides  it  from  New  London.  It  is 
a  prodigious  mountainous  place,  and  may  justly  be  reckoned 
to  exceed  all  others  on  account  of  rocks.  One  thing  remark 
able  here,  is  a  bridge  made  of  one  entire  stone.  Here  are  two 
Dissenting  meeting-houses,  one  Church,  and  one  Quaker.  The 
inhabitants  live  very  scattering,  except  on  the  river,  where  is  a 
street,  comfortably  built,  inhabited  by  Baileys.  The  people 
differ  exceedingly  in  religious  sentiments.  Mr.  Johnson,  one 
of  the  ministers,  records  in  his  parish  no  less  than  fifteen  dif 
ferent  religions. 

Observation. —  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  divers 
of  the  natives  of  the  country  in  their  own  proper  habits,  on 


24  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1754. 

their  own  land,  and  in  the  exercise,  of  their  peculiar  customs ; 
and,  upon  the  whole,  one  may  justly  conclude,  that  there  is  a 
great  analogy  between  them  and  the  people  in  the  first  ages  of 
mankind  ;  those  who  lived  in  the  golden  age,  so  much  extolled 
by  the  poets,  in  their  dress,  religion  and  manners,  were  very 
similar  to  our  Indian  neighbors. 

July  \Wi.  This  day  arose,  and  found  myself  in  a  new 
country.  After  I  had  dressed  myself,  went  down  and  break 
fasted  with  Mr.  Winthrop,  his  lady,  and  Madam  Hide,  to 
gether  with  our  own  company.  Then  Mr.  Brown  and  I  walked 
out  into  the  garden,  which  is  very  pleasant.  A  little  to  the 
north  of  Mr.  Winthrop's  house,  is  a  fish  pond,  at  the  upper 
end  of  his  orchard,  from  which  a  canal  is  cut,  about  two  feet 
wide,  and  near  as  deep,  to  the  bottom  of  the  garden,  which 
lies  on  the  south  side  of  the  house,  so  that  this  delightful 
stream  falls  through  the  orchard,  house  and  garden ;  at  the 
lower  end  of  which,  next  to  the  south,  stands  a  mill,  which  is 
carried  by  this  cascade.  The  garden  itself  is  beautifully  laid 
out,  and  abounds  with  a  variety  of  herbs,  fruits  and  flowers. 
After  I  had  a  view  of  all  the  works  round  the  house,  and  had 
some  conversation  with  Mr.  Winthrop,  I  concluded  to  pay  Mr. 
Jewett  a  visit.  Accordingly,  about  eleven  o'clock,  I  set  out, 
and  after  riding  ten  miles,  over  a  vast  number  of  holes  and 
rocky  mountains,  I  came  to  Mr.  Jewett' s,  where  I  was  very 
civilly  received.  Mr.  Jewett's  consort  lay  very  sick  of  the 
mumps,  or  some  other  strange  disorder.  She  had  this  after 
noon  two  doctors,  who  concluded  that  she  might  recover.  In 
the  afternoon,  Mr.  Jewett  being  absent,  I  spent  a  great  deal  of 
time  in  walking  in  the  fields,  and  in  his  garden.  His  house 
stands  in  a  very  sightly  place  on  the  eastern  side.  We  may 
see,  from  the  doors,  near  forty  miles  down  country.  Mr. 
Jewett's  family  is  not  large.  He  has  one  son  and  one  daugh 
ter,  and  a  negro  servant.  After  we  had  prepared  for  bed,  we 
all  betook  ourselves  to  repose. 

July  14^/i.  This  day  being  Sunday,  I  arose,  and  having 
breakfasted,  we  prepared  for  meeting.  At  about  eleven  o'clock 
we  rode  to  the  house  of  God,  where  I  had  an  opportunity  of 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  25 

hearing  Mr.  Jewett  preach  for  the  first  time,  though  he  had 
often  preached  before  in  Rowley,  yet  I  always  happened  to  be 
absent.  After  meeting,  at  noon,  went  to  Esq.  Raymond's, 
where  I  found  Nathan  Jewett,  a  young  man  that  had  formerly 
been  at  Cambridge,  with  Rev.  Mr.  David  Jewett,  at  my  cham 
ber.  Here  I  met  with  a  great  deal  of  civility,  and  was  invited 
from  among  the  company  to  go  into  another  room,  where  I 
sat  down  and  refreshed  myself.  The  people  in  these  parts 
never  make  a  dinner  on  Sunday  between  meetings,  but  have 
a  feast  at  night. 

Observation.  —  The  people  in  the  north  parish  of  New  Lon 
don  appear  to  be  civil  and  courteous,  though  not  so  polite  as 
in  Boston.  They  are  not  so  showy  in  the  meeting-house  as 
in  most  country  parishes  in  Boston  government.  Some  of  the 
young  women  wear  hoops,  though  very  much  out  of  fashion. 
Their  clothes  are  commonly  good,  though  not  very  elegantly 
put  on.  The  greatest  part  of  the  men  wear  caps :  a  wi«-  is 
scarce  to  be  seen  in  the  whole  meeting-house.  Many  chil 
dren  wear  no  stockings  or  shoes. 

My  15th.  *  *  *  *  After  we  had  rode  several  miles, 
we  came  to  Paugwank,  or  North  Salem,  a  place  belonging 
entirely  to  my  class-mate,  Brown.  Here  we  saw  several  fine 
fields  of  wheat  and  other  grain.  Here  are  thirty  tenants  to 
near  twelve  thousand  acres  of  land.  When  we  had  gotten 
out  of  Paugwank,  we  rode  through  a  thick  wood  in  the  edge 
of  East  Haddam,  till  we  came  to  Lyme.  The  first  house  we 
came  to  was  Capt.  Jewett' s,  the  father  of  the  young  persons 
with'  me.  As  soon  as  we  had  hung  (sic)  our  horses,  we  went 
in  where  the  people  were.  When  they  came  to  know  from 
whence  I  came,  they  treated  me  with  a  great  deal  of  courtesy 
and  kindness.  The  Capt.  gave  me  an  invitation  to  tarry  at 
his  house  as  long  as  I  pleased.  In  a  few  minutes  dinner  was 
made  ready  and  brought  in,  and  set  upon  a  long  table,  round 
which  the  whole  family  gathered,  both  white  and  black.  His 
family  consists  of  nine  sons  and  one  daughter,  two  maids,  and 
five  to  six  negroes,  in  all,  sixteen  persons.  After  dinner  I  went 
out  with  Mr.  Jewett  and  his  sons,  to  see  them  work  at  a  little 
distance  from  the  house.  Here  I  beheld  an  abundance  of 
4 


26  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1754. 

good  land,  cleared  and  well  brought  to,  upon  which  grew  the 
finest  grass,  wheat,  and  Indian  corn,  I  have  seen  anywhere  this 
year,  yet  still  I  fancied  it  an  unpleasant  place,  on  account  of 
its  being  encumbered  with  rocky  and  mountainous  land,  and 
having  not  above  two  houses  in  sight.  ***** 

Observation.  —  I  am  greatly  astonished  when,  upon  travel 
ling,  I  find  the  people  of  this  country  to  carry  their  resentments 
against  each  other  so  high,  on  account  of  the  differing  senti 
ments  with  respect  to  a  few  unessential  modes  and  trifling 
circumstances  in  religious  worship,  at  the  same  time  all,  of 
every  persuasion,  indulge  in  a  custom,  not  only  notoriously 
indecent,  but  the  most  subversive  of  the  reverence  due  to  the 
Grand  Object  of  adoration,  and  this  is  a  practice  they  have  in 
all  their  assemblies  of  persons  of  both  sexes  meeting  together, 
by  which  practice  they  utterly  overthrow  the  design  for  which 
religious  societies  were  established ;  that  people  should  make 
music  vocal  only,  or  vocal  and  instrumental  together;  and 
that  they  should  imagine  the  reading  of  prayers,  or  the  pro 
nouncing  of  them  extempore  such  a  serious  matter  of  con 
science,  and  admit,  universally,  an  evil  from  which  so  many 
fatal  practices  flow,  to  be  practised  with  impunity  in  the  con 
gregations. 

******* 

MOHEGAN. 

July  22d.  This  town  is  about  three  miles  square,  lying  in 
the  north-east  corner  of  New  London.  It  has  in  it  two  hun 
dred  or  three  hundred  Indians,  who  live  in  almost  the  primitive 
mode,  and  many  of  them  cannot  speak  a  word  of  English. 
They  wear  a  dress  the  most  savage  and  barbarous  that  ever  I 
saw.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Jewett  formerly  brought  them  to  his 
meeting,  but  the  separate  preachers  have  of  late  drawn  them 
away.  However,  Mr.  Jewett  continues  to  instruct  them  once 
a  fortnight,  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion,  at  the 
public  school-house,  where  they  have  a  master  to  teach  their 
children.  *  *  * 

As  an  instance  of  the  prodigious  plenty  in  these  parts,  the 
last  year,  I  shall  mention  a  short  story  my  landlord  told  me, 
viz. :  a  man  in  his  near  neighborhood,  having  buried  upwards 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  27 

of  eighty  bushels  of  potatoes  last  fall,  made  proclamation  in 
the  spring,  that  if  any  person  would  be  at  the  trouble  of  dig 
ging  them  up,  he  should  have  them  all  for  his  reward,  but 
nobody  appeared  to  undertake  it,  which  is  not  only  an  instance 
of  great  plenty,  but  also  of  the  wealthy  circumstances  of  the 
people  in  town. 

WETHERSFIELD. 

July  23d.  This  paradise  is  seated  on  the  western  bank  of 
Connecticut  River,  on  an  extended  plain,  gradually  rising  from 
the  first  range  of  squares,  and  reaching  two  or  three  miles  each 
way,  contains  a  vast  number  of  the  neatest  buildings  in 
America.  The  main  street  is  most  curiously  levelled,  and 
runs  from  north  to  south,  as  straight  as  a  mathematical  line, 
in  the  midst  of  which  is  a  meeting-house  of  the  oddest  form. 
On  the  eastern  side,  between  the  buildings,  and  among  a 
beautiful  range  of  orchards,  lay  a  ravishing  continuation  of 
gardens.  The  western  head  forms  the  front  of  several  most 
elegant  squares,  all  richly  occupied  with  gardens  and  little 
fields  of  onions.  But  it  is  impossible  for  my  tongue  to  utter? 
or  my  pen  to  describe  the  beauties  of  this  place.  In  short,  the 
town,  by  reason  of  its  vast  variety  of  squares,  cut  into  most 
elegant  forms,  and  decorated  with  the  profusion  of  nature  and 
art,  the  neatness  and  beauty  of  its  edifices,  and,  lastly,  by 
reason  of  the  most  delightful  scenes  and  ravishing  prospects, 
opening  themselves  to  view  on  every  hand,  may  well  be 
thought  to  equal,  if  not  to  exceed,  those  blooming  fields  where 
the  first  and  only  happy  pair  of  humane  kind  confessed  the 
gentlest  passion,  and  united  in  the  softest  embrace." 

Mr.  B.ailey  continued  his  journey  through  Hartford,  Spring 
field  and  Worcester,  to  Cambridge,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
27th  day  of  July.  His  journal  is  full  and  minute  to  the  day 
spoken  of,  but  enough,  perhaps,  has  been  already  extracted 
from  it. 

In  August  of  the  same  year,  Jacob  was  again  in  Ports 
mouth,  and  a  guest  of  Rev.  Mr.  Langdon.  Among  others,  he 
called  on  Mr.  Wiberd,  who,  at  his  leaving,  gave  him  "a  pair 
of  fine  worsted  stockings."  Afterwards,  calling  on  Mr.  Haven, 


28  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1754. 

he  dined  with  him,  by  invitation.  "  He  took  me  into  his  study, 
and  presented  me  with  a  view  of  all  his  books,  and,  in  the  end, 
gave  me  three  volumes  in  quarto." 

It  would  seem  that  greater  liberty,  in  some  respects,  was 
allowed  to  students  in  Harvard  College  during  Mr.  Bailey's 
residence  there,  than  would  now  be  granted. 

"  May  \st,  1753.  This  day  arrived  here  about  three  o'clock, 
Mrs.  Page,  and  also  Mrs.  Nab  by  Thompson,  of  Mystic,  and 
Mrs.  Sally  Clerck,  of  Boston,  who  came  first  to  my  chamber 
and  then  to  Goodhue's,  where  we  drank  tea ;  after  which  we 
went  into  the  library,  and  then  to  my  chamber,  where  I  enter 
tained  them  with  a  bowl  of  punch.  Then  Goodhue,  Powers 
and  I  waited  upon  them  back  to  Goodhue's  chamber,  and 
after  drinking,  conducted  them  to  their  chair,  and  there  left 
them." 

The  following  is  deemed  worthy  of  being  extracted : 

"  Newbury,  August  ll£/j,  1754.  This  day  being  Sunday,  we 
were,  very  early  in  the  morning,  called  upon  to  arise.  Upoys 
coming  down,  we  found  a  table  prepared,  and  everything  IE 
order  for  drinking  tea.  After  breakfast  and  prayers,  we  made 
ready  for  meeting,  which  began  about  ten  o'clock.  I  sat  this 
forenoon  in  (Rev.)  Mr.  Parsons'  pew,  it  being  the  second  high 
est  in  the  meeting-house.  The  next  to  ours  was  Dr.  Sayres', 
and  round  about  I  saw  several  persons  of  my  acquaintance, 
who  came  to  me  after  meeting,  and  invited  me  to  their  habi 
tations,  but  being  pleasantly  engaged  with  Mr.  Parsons'  family, 
I  refused  their  kindness.  At  noon  we  drank  a  dish  of  tea 
again,  after  which  Jona.,  Sam.  and  I  retired  into  the  orchard, 
where  we  spent  the  time  in  too  much  jollity  for  the  season. 
In  the  afternoon  we  attended  public  worship.  Here,  as  Mr. 
Parsons  was  urging  the  use  of  examination,  and  telling  the 
people  'that  some  could  not  endure  such  doctrine,  who,  though 
they  had  never  told  the  minister  of  it,  had  hinted  as  much  to 
others,'  upon  which  a  certain  fellow  starts  up  and  cries,  '  Sir, 
you  had  better  call  me  out  by  name ;'  at  which  the  whole  con 
gregation  fell  into  laughter.  After  meeting,  we  returned  to 
Mr.  Parsons',  and  had  a  good  supper  in  readiness,  after  which 
I  had  some  discourse  with  Mr.  Parsons  upon  divers  subjects, 


1754.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY. 


but  more  especially  concerning  those  rambling  preachers,  thai 
have  dispersed  themselves  over  these  parts  of  the  country,  to 
the  great  disturbance  both  of  ministers  and  people.  Night 


[The  following  cut  is  a  view  of  the  meeting-house  in  which  the  incident,  spoken  of  in 
the  preceding  page,  took  place.] 


NORTH  WEST  VIEW  OF  THE  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

NEWBURYPORT,    MASS., 
IN    WHICH    ARE    DEPOSITED    THE    REMAINS    OF 

REV.    GEORGE    WHITEFIELD. 

INCLUDING   A    DISTANT  VIEW    OF    THE    HOUSE    IN    WHICH    HE  DIED, 


coming  on,  S.  Parsons,  Jonathan  and  I,  having  obtained  leave 
of  his  father,  took  a  ramble  through  the  town.  We  presently 
lit  with  N.  Parker  and  some  other  young  sparks,  who  joined 
themselves  to  our  club.  After  we  had  visited  several  streets 
and  lanes,  we  went  into  D.  Bailey's,  where  we  tarried  a  few 


30  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1755. 

minutes,  and  in  going  down  to  the  water,  we  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  Thos.  Bradbury  and  his  cousin,  Miss  Betty  Nolton, 
who  invited  me  to  visit  them  the  next  day.  Accordingly,  I 
engaged  to  breakfast  with  them  the  next  morning,  and  so  left 
them,  after  which  we  returned,  through  several  streets  and 
lanes,  to  Mr.  Parsons'.  The  old  sir  and  his  lady  being  now 
gone  to  repose,  we  three  went  into  the  kitchen,  as  far  remote 
as  possible  from  the  intelligence,  where  we  discoursed  a  long 
time  with  the  maid,  a  young  Scotch  girl.  We  at  length  ar 
rived  at  such  a  degree  of  extravagance,  as  to  say  whatever 
came  uppermost.  About  twelve  or  one  o'clock,  the  old  lady 
arose  and  came  into  the  room  where  we  sat,  which  at  first 
gave  us  some  alarm,  but  finding  her  design  not  unfavorable, 
we  contented  ourselves  till  she  retired,  when  we  again  resumed 
our  merriment,  till  near  two  o'clock,  when  we  went  to  rest. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

Observation  1. —  Guilty  persons  seldom  need  any  accuser 
but  their  own  conscience,  or  witnesses  beside  themselves  to 
declare  their  crimes.  He  must  be  endued  with  a  more  than 
common  share  of  impudence,  who  can  hear  the  aggravations 
of  his  guilt  displayed  without  some  evident  tokens  of  regret 
in  his  countenance. 

Observation  2.  —  We  should  ever  be  cautious  of  exposing 
our  weakness  before  servants,  and  persons  of  low  stations  in 
life,  especially  if  we  have  any  regard  to  being  extensively 
useful." 

Mr.  Bailey  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1755. 
Among  his  classmates  were  JOHN  ADAMS,  afterwards  President 
of  the  United  States ;  John  Wentworth,  who  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Aberdeen,  and  from  Dartmouth  College,  was  royal  gover 
nor  of  the  province  of  New  Hampshire  and  of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  was  created  an  English  baronet  in  1796  ;  William  Browne 
and  David  Sewall,  both  of  whom  became  judges  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  former  afterwards 
royal  governor  of  Bermuda ;  Tristram  Dalton,  U.  S.  Senator ; 


1755.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  31 

Samuel  Locke,  S.  T.  D.,  President  of  Harvard  College  in 
1770 ;  Rev.  Wm.  Willard  Wheeler,  Missionary  of  the  Church 
of  England  at  Georgetown,  Me. ;  Charles  Gushing,  Jonathan 
Bowman,  and  others. 

In  a  letter  to  his  parents  just  before  his  graduating,  he 
speaks  in  terms  of  warm  gratitude  of  the  interest  which  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Jewett  of  Rowley  had  taken  in  him.  He  says :  "  He 
not  only  instructed  me  for  this  society,  (i.  e.  Harvard  College,) 
but  has  since  been  almost  the  procuring  cause  of  all  my 
benefactions ;  and  now,  whilst  in  Boston,  he  spared  no  pains 
to  advance  my  interests.  I  have  everything  of  clothing  for 
commencement,  but  only  a  pair  of  stockings  and  a  gown." 

In  a  letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Jewett,  about  the  same  time,  he  ex 
presses  the  like  sentiments,  and  from  his  giving  Mr.  J.  a  state 
ment  of  the  amount  due  from  him  to  the  college,  it  is  probable 
that  he  expected  from  that  gentleman  a  loan  of  the  sum 
necessary  to  discharge  this  debt. 


32  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1755. 


CHAPTER    III. 

THE  importance  which  has  always  been  attached  to  an  uni 
versal  system  of  education  in  New  England,  is  well  known  to 
all  who  are  familiar  with  her  history. 

From  its  earliest  period  provision  has  been  made  by  law 
that  every  male*  child  should  have  the  opportunity  of  ac 
quiring  at  least  the  elements  of  learning  at  the  public  expense. 

This  provision,  of  course,  has  called  into  requisition  the 
services  of  many  persons  competent  to  teach.  And  as  the 
school  districts  were  of  necessity  small  in  area,  their  number 
was  far  greater  than  that  of  the  towns.  Till  of  late  years, 
school  teaching  has  not,  as  a  general  thing,  been  a  distinct 
profession. 

The  business  was  formerly  followed  mainly  by  college 
students  of  small  means,  in  their  vacations,  or  by  graduates, 
who  finding  that  a  debt  remained  for  their  education,  taught 
school  in  order  to  earn  the  money  for  discharging  that  debt. 

The  profession  to  which  they  looked  was  at  the  end  of  their 
course  as  school-masters,  and  their  continuance  in  this  em 
ployment  depended  entirely  on  the  length  of  time  necessary 
to  free  them  from  pecuniary  embarrassment. 

Mr.  Bailey  followed  this  course.  He  had  tried  it  during  his 
second  year  in  college,  but  from  the  short  time  in  which  he 
was  so  occupied,  it  would  seem  that  it  did  not  prove  as  profit- 


*  It  is  believed  that  no  provision  was  made  for  the  public  instruction  of  females  till 
in  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century.  It  is  stated  that  females  were  not  admitted 
into  the  public  schools  in  Boston  till  the  year  1760,  and  then  at  first  only  six  months 
by  way  of  experiment. — [Barnum  Field's  statement  at  Teachers'  Convention,  Wor 
cester,  Mass.,  1849.] 

Previous  to  the  year  1789,  boys  only  were  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston. 
In  the  year  1789  measures  were  taken  for  "instructing  both  sexes." — [The  Public 
Schools  of  Boston,  Boston  Almanac,  1849,  pp.  83,  84. 


1755.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  33 

able  as  perhaps  he  expected.  The  following  extracts  from  his 
journal  relate  to  this  matter. 

Rowley,  Jan.  13^/i,  1753.  This  day  concluded  first  upon 
my  keeping  school.  The  young  men  to  find  wood,  and  the 
young  women  candles,  and  pay  besides  three  shillings  O.  T., 
per  week.  This  school  was  kept,  as  he  says,  in  the  first  place 
in  his  sister's  house,  and  was  afterwards  removed  to . 

Jan.  15.  The  number  of  those  who  put  themselves  under 
my  instructions  is,  males,  seventeen;  females,  ten;  total, 
twenty-seven. 

The  school  soon  terminated,  for  under  date  of  February  9th, 
he  says,  "  this  was  the  last  day  of  my  keeping  school  here." 

We  next  find  him  engaged  in  this  employment  shortly  after 
completing  his  college  course.  He  had  left  his  native  province 
and  was  in  that  of  New  Hampshire  before  August  of  this 
year,  discharging  the  duties  of  his  temporary  profession.  He 
thus  writes  to  a  friend  at  Cambridge : 

«  KINGSTON,  N.  H.,  Sept.  29th,  1755. 
"  To  Mr.  E.  Sparhawk,  at  Cambridge : 

"  Dear  Sir  : —  My  lot  is  cast  in  a  solitary  region,  where  I 
have  no  amusement,  except  reflecting  on  that  pleasant  situa 
tion  I  enjoyed  a  few  weeks  ago.  I  call  it  solitary,  not  so 
much  for  want  of  company,  as  because  1  can  find  no  agreeable 
companions  in  the  place  where  I  reside. 

"  It  is  a  large  town,  consisting  of  three  parishes,  and  this 
has  no  less  than  three  hundred  and  sixty  houses.  My  school 
has  belonging  to  it  above  one  hundred  and  fifty  scholars, 
mostly  young. 

"  My  time  passes  away  uncheckered  with  variety.  I  have 
no  scenes  of  novelty  to  amuse,  nor  changing  appearances  to 
entertain  my  fancy.  To-day  opens  the  same  prospect  with 
yesterday,  and  to-morrow  I  expect  nothing  new. 

"  I  feel,  however,  the  same  temper  towards  Mother  Harvard, 
which  the  Israelitish  Songster  had  towards  his  beloved  Jerusa 
lem,  when  seated  beside  the  waters  of  Babylon. 

"  But  instead  of  rivers  or  purling  streams,  I  find  nothing 
5 


34  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1756. 

except  stagnating  pools  and  dismal  swamps ;  instead  of  wil 
low  groves,  the  usual  repose  and  retreat  of  disconsolate  lovers, 
I  have  only  ranges  of  shaggy  hemlock,  and  the  gloomy  shades 
of  lofty  pines.  As  to  a  harp,  never  having  used  one,  there  re 
mains  none,  either  to  hang  up,  or  to  fling  away.  The  people 
in  these  parts  have  no  very  musical  ears,  so  that  an  un- 
Harvardinium  story  will  serve  instead  of  a  song." 

A  letter  which  Mr.  Bailey  addressed  to  his  classmate,  John 
Adams,  dated  Kingston,  Dec.  29th,  1755,  brought  one  in  re 
turn,  of  which  a  fac  simile  is  here  given.* 

The  nature  and  amount  of  his  labors  at  this  time  may  be 
learned  from  an  extract  of  a  letter  that  he  wrote,  dated  Jan. 
4th,  1756:  —  "That  you  may  have  some  conception  of  my 
situation,  I  must  endeavor  to  acquaint  you  with  my  constant 
employ.  From  nine  in  the  morning  to  the  hour  of  ten  in  the 
evening,  I  am  constantly  in  my  school,  except  two  hours,  viz., 
from  twelve  to  one,  and  from  five  to  six.  And  this  will  by  no 
means  appear  incredible,  if  you  only  consider  the  numbers 
under  my  inspection. 

"  My  constant  attendants  in  the  day  are  fifty,  not  to  reckon 
divers  others,  who  come  and  go  as  the  weather  permits  :  in 
the  evening  I  have  between  thirty  and  forty,  so  that  the  whole 
number  of  my  scholars,  at  least,  are  eighty-live.  I  have  three 
grammarians,  sixteen  arithmeticians,  and  thirty-two  writers." 

Shortly  after  this  Mr.  Bailey  writes  thus  to  a  friend : 

"  Though  whole  forests  of  pine  and  hemlock  cover  this 
country,  and  oftentimes  disturb  our  senses  with  their  sooty  in 
fluence,  yet  all  this  is  but  a  trifle,  compared  with  the  sooty 
conversation  which  fills  every  private  apartment,  as  well  as 
more  public  places  of  resort.  Not  only  taverns  and  retailers' 
shops  are  infected  with  the  most  poisonous  balderdash,  but 
even  the  temples  of  the  Most  High  are  not  exempted. 

"  The  late  terrible  dispensations  of  heaven  have  no  manner 


*  A  fac  simile  of  a  letter  from  John  Adams,  afterwards  President  of  the  United 
States,  is  given  opposite.  This  letter  is  thus  superscribed :  "  To  Mr.  Jacob  Bailey, 
Schoolmaster,  at  Kingston,  N.  Hampshire.  These." 


X 


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1756.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  35 

of  effect  upon  them,  except  it  be  to  render  them  more  hardened 
and  vile.  Drinking,  Sabbath-breaking,  swearing,  and  im 
modesty  prevail,  and  what  will  be  the  event,  God  only  knows. 
*  *  *  I  must  tell  you  that  I  have  the  satisfaction  of 
finding  several  blooming  young  creatures  under  my  inspection, 
something  inclined  to  virtue  and  modesty,  but  alas,  I  must 
leave  these  dear  disciples  in  a  few  weeks,  and  I  am  afraid  that 
after  all  they  will  be  ruined  by  bad  example." 

February  19//1,  1756.  Concluded  his  keeping  school  at 
Kingston  for  the  present.  A  few  days  after  he  returned  to 
his  native  place.  While  there,  he  mentions  that  one  "  night 
there  was  a  (religious)  meeting  at  my  father's."  He  adds,  by 
way  of  observation  :  "  Private  meetings  tend  greatly  to  keep 
up  the  life  and  spirit  of  religion  in  the  world,  if  managed  with 
prudence  and  discretion." 

Mr.  Bailey  returned  to  Kingston  and  opened  a  private  school 
on  the  1st  of  the  following  March,  which,  owing  to  some  cause 
unexplained  by  him,  terminated  in  about  two  weeks. 

He  then  made  a  visit  to  Cambridge,  and  says,  that  on  the 
19th  March  "  he  saw  the  story  of  Queen  Esther  and  Haman 
acted  in  the  college  chapel." 

A  second  attempt  to  establish  a  private  school  in  his  native 
town,  seems  to  have  proved  equally  unsuccessful,  for  he  re 
cords  that  about  April  14  he  "  set  up  a  small  private  school  in 
Rowley,"  and  about  a  month  afterwards  that  he  was  "  out  of 
all  employ." 

On  a  journey  which  Mr.  Bailey  made  to  Boston  shortly 
after  this,  he  says,  "  it  was  our  fortune  to  fall  in  with  Sir  Wil 
liam  Pepperell,  a  familiar  gentleman,  with  whom  we  had  no 
inconsiderable  diversion,  till  we  arrived  at  Ipswich,  at  which 
place  we  parted." 

"  On  the  16th  of  June,"  as  his  journal  states,  "there  was  a 
general  muster  through  the  province,  none  being  excused  upon 
any  occasion  from  making  their  appearance  in  the  field." 

On  the  21st  of  the  same  month  Mr.  Bailey  went  to  Hamp 
ton,  N.  H.,  in  accordance  with  previous  arrangements  to  take 
charge  of  the  public  school  in  that  place.  He  says  :  "  About 


36  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1757. 

the  dusk  of  the  evening,  I  was  visited  soon  after  my  arrival 
by  Dominie  Weeks  and  the  selectmen,  with  whom  I  had  a 
wearisome  conference. 

"  June  22d.  This  day  first  entered  into  my  school.  I  found 
a  vast  difference  between  my  scholars  here  and  those  I  had  at 
Kingston.  Afterwards  he  writes  :  "  My  situation  at  Hampton 
is  perfectly  agreeable.  I  enjoy  all  the  satisfaction  and  delight 
a  person  can  receive  from  objects  of  sense.  My  lodgings  are 
contiguous  to  the  great  road,  and  surrounded  with  a  variety  of 
entertaining  prospects.  I  am  favored  with  the  conversation  of 
scholars,  men  of  sense  and  learning,  and  when  the  gentle 
shadows  of  evening  approach,  a  company  of  easy,  ingenuous 
young  ladies  afford  us  their  pleasing  society  to  walk  abroad 
into  the  streets  or  neighboring  fields  to  view  the  beauties  of 
nature." 

"  July  2d.  This  day  begin  to  train  my  scholars  in  military 
exercises.  I  propose  to  set  apart  every  Friday  afternoon  for 
spelling,  and  to  appoint  the  boy  who  remains  uppermost  after 
the  last  word  in  the  appropriated  portion,  captain,  and  the 
other  officers  successively  in  order." 

Some  evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  Mr.  Bailey's  ser 
vices  as  a  teacher  were  held  by  the  people  among  whom  he 
now  was,  will  appear  in  the  fact,  that  when  he  had  been  with 
them  about  four  months,  and  was  solicited  to  remove  to  a 
neighboring  town,  the  citizens  of  Hampton  increased  his  yearly 
pay  £80,  O.  T. 

The  following  was  evidently  intended  for  publication. 
Whether  or  not  it  ever  appeared  in  print,  is  not  known.  It  is, 
however,  thought  worthy  of  a  place  here,  for  its  statement  of 
certain  practices  prevailing  when  it  was  written,  and  also  for 
the  singular  theory  of  the  writer  as  to  their  cause. 

"HAMPTON,  Jan.  10th,  1757. 
"  To  Mr.  Fowle,  Publisher  of  the  Neiv  Hampshire  Gazette  : 

f  Discitc  non  temnere  dives.' — Virgil. 

"  It  is  enough  to  fill  a  considerate  mind  with  the  deepest 
horror,  to  see  with  what  irreverence  and  inattention  many  peo- 


1758.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  37 

pie  attend  sacred  worship ;  they  seem  to  rush  into  the  Divine 
presence  with  the  same  lightness  and  airy  appearance  they 
carry  to  shows  and  places  of  diversion ;  even  in  their  addresses 
to  the  Supreme  Majesty  of  Heaven,  when  their  minds  ought 
to  be  filled  with  the  profoundest  solemnity  and  the  most  awful 
conceptions,  how  often  do  their  eyes  rove  unguarded,  and 
wander  from  one  gay  object  to  another,  till  their  hearts  become 
lost  to  all  serious  impressions,  till  some  pleasing  amusement 
steals  upon  the  fancy,  and  warmly  engages  all  their  devotion. 
"  I  shall  add  no  more  at  present,  but  refer  this  question  to 
the  judgment  of  sober-thinking  men,  whether  these  disorders 
do  not,  in  a  great  measure,  proceed  from  both  sexes  being 
permitted  to  mingle  in  our  public  assemblies  promiscuously?" 

In  April,  1758,  Mr.  Bailey's  labors,  as  a  teacher  at  Hampton, 
were  concluded.  The  following  is  entered  in  his  journal  at 
that  time  : 

"  April  1st,  1758.  This  being  the  day  I  had  appointed  for 
any  of  my  scholars  who  had  an  inclination  to  pay  me  a  visit, 
I  had  my  study  almost  full  from  nine  o'clock  to  sunset,  during 
which  season  I  was  inspired  with  many  tender  sensations. 
The  little  creatures  who  had  been  so  long  under  my  instruction, 
were  exceedingly  moved  at  parting,  and  the  tokens  of  sorrow 
which  they  exhibited,  had  almost  the  same  effect  upon  me. 

Observation.  —  Nothing  gives  a  person,  I  believe,  a  more 
sensible  feeling,  than  a  separation  from  those  who  have,  upon 
every  occasion,  afforded  him  their  kind  instructions." 

In  speaking  of  a  female  acquaintance,  whose  disregard  to 
sacred  things,  and  even  violent  opposition  and  scoffing,  had 
been  succeeded  by  a  love  and  reverence  of  her  Maker,  an 
interest  in  the  spiritual  state  of  others,  and  an  "  aversion  to 
all  kinds  of  immodesty  and  immoderation,"  then  too  common, 
Mr.  Bailey  observes :  "  I  had  an  opportunity,  of  late,  to  take 
notice  of  the  Divine  power  in  influencing  the  hearts  of  several, 
in  a  truly  wonderful  and  surprising  manner,  which  plainly 
shows,  that  no  human  consideration  can  avail  against  the 
efficacious  operations  of  Heaven." 

What  were  the  motives  which  induced  him  to  leave  Hamp- 


38  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1758. 

ton,  where,  he  says,  he  spent  nearly  two  years  very  pleasantly, 
he  has  not  stated. 

Nor  are  there  any  means  of  knowing  how  he  obtained  a 
school  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  to  which  place  he  now  removed, 
after  a  space  of  two  months,  in  which  he  was  unemployed. 
His  first  impressions  may  be  learned  from  the  following  entry 
in  his  journal : 

"  April  10///.,  1758.  This  day  being  Monday,  first  opened 
my  school,  but  found  everything  vastly  different  from  what  I 
had  before  been  accustomed  to  in  those  regions  of  rusticity 
where  I  had  formerly  placed  my  abode.  The  scholars,  I  ob 
served,  began  to  use  every  method  to  impose  upon  me,  and  I 
presently  found  myself  in  a  very  unhappy  situation,  on  account 
of  my  perfect  ignorance,  both  of  their  characters  and  the  man 
ner  of  instruction  they  had  been  used  to  under  former  mas 
ters." 

After  having  been  in  Gloucester  nearly  two  months,  Mr. 
Bailey  undertook  a  journey  to  Portsmouth,  and  lodged  with 
Col.  Weeks,  in  Hampton.  The  next  day  he  went  on  to  the 
place  of  his  destination.  *  *  *  "  It  being  Sunday,  we 
should  have  found  it  something  difficult  to  travel,  had  not  the 
smallpox  been  in  Hampton,  so  as  to  prevent  the  use  of  their 
meeting-house.  *  *  We  reached  Portsmouth  just  as  the 
bells  were  ringing  for  one  (o'clock),  and  came  to  Col.  Warner's, 
where  we  met  with  exceeding  handsome  treatment.  In  the 
afternoon  I  went  to  church,  but  was  so  overcome  with  the 
extreme  heat,  the  fatigues  of  the  journey,  and  the  want  of 
rest,  that  I  should  have  certainly  fallen  asleep,  had  not  novelty 
kept  me  awake.  At  evening  I  returned  to  the  Colonel's,  and 
spent  some  time  in  conversation  with  Mrs.  Warner,  on  the 
ceremonies  of  the  church." 

The  next  day,  he  adds:  "I  went  to  the  printer's,  where  I 
engaged  him  to  print  a  little  book  for  children." 

On  the  fourth  of  the  same  month  we  find  him  at  Exeter, 
N.  H,  at  the  house  of  Rev.  Mr.  Odlin,  where  the  association 
of  (Congregational)  ministers  were  assembled.  "Here,"  says 
he,  "  I  found  Mr.  Merrill,  Mr.  Parker,  Pike,  and  others,  who 
came  with  an  expectation  of  hearing  my  approbation  dis- 


1758.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  39 

course.  However,  it  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  I  was 
prevailed  upon  to  overcome  rny  bashful  humor  so  far  as  to 
read  my  discourse.  When  I  had  finished,  I  had  the  satisfac 
tion  to  find  it  well  received,  and  accordingly,  after  dinner,  they 
gave  me  an  approbation  to  preach  the  Gospel.  O,  that  I  may 
be  improved  as  a  blessing  to  mankind,  and  be  an  instrument 
of  advancing  the  Redeemer's  kingdom!" 

The  subject  of  this  Memoir  was  now  a  regular  clergyman, 
according  to  the  rules  of  the  predominant  denomination.  His 
labors  in  school  teaching,  during  the  three  years  since  he  left 
college,  were  arduous  (as  we  have  seen)  and  almost  uninter- 
mitted.  Under  these  circumstances,  how  he  could  have  the 
opportunity  of  acquiring  any  large  amount  of  theological 
knowledge,  it  were  difficult  to  tell.  Yet,  those  "having  au 
thority,"  in  his  and  their  view,  gave  him  official  permission, 
publicly,  to  teach  and  preach  in  the  congregation.  They  must 
also  have  been  satisfied  of  his  personal  piety,  else  they  would 
hardly  have  consented  to  his  occupying  a  position  in  which  he 
would  not  only  be  regarded  as  a  guide,  but  as  an  example  to 
others. 

"  July  19th.  Commencement  day  at  Harvard  College.  *  * 
About  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  meeting  began,  when  I 
had  to  ascend  the  rostrum  a  second  time,  and  to  dispute  from 
this  question :  Imperium  sive  hominibus  prorsus  necessariurn 
sit?" 

In  the  course  of  a  few  days,  Mr.  Bailey  again  visited  Ports 
mouth.  "  When  I  arrived,  about  sunset,  I  called  upon  Mr. 
Fowle,  where  I  found  the  little  book  printed,  which  I  had  pre 
pared  for  children,  after  which  I  put  up  at  Col.  Warner's,  and 
was  very  courteously  received  by  him  and  his  lady."  On  leav 
ing  this  hospitable  family,  he  received  "  seven  louis  from  the 
Colonel,  and  to  the  value  of  as  many  pounds  from  his  lady,  to 
his  own  use." 

The  journeys  of  which  we  have  spoken  above,  did  not,  it 
would  seem,  interrupt  Mr.  Bailey's  school  at  Gloucester,  which 
was  kept  for  him  by  a  friend  in  his  absence. 

It  certainly  appears  strange  to  our  present  ideas  of  ministe 
rial  conduct,  to  read  an  entry  in  which  he  records  that,  being 


40  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1758. 

in  company  on  an  evening  in  August  of  this  year,  he  "  played 
several  games  of  cards." 

On  another  journey,  made  to  New  Hampshire,  he  stopped 
at  Col.  Weeks's,  in  Hampton,  on  the  13th  of  August.  He 
says,  in  his  journal  of  that  date:  "  Mr.  Brackett  called  at  the 
gate,  where  I  waited  upon  him,  and  had  an  invitation  to  Ports 
mouth,  which  he  imagined  might  be  greatly  for  my  advantage, 
as  there  was  a  mission  vacant  for  a  minister  of  the  Church  of 
England.  This  proposal  wonderfully  pleased  both  me  and 
Mr.  Weeks." 

The  next  day  found  Mr.  Bailey  in  Portsmouth,  at  the  house 
of  his  benefactor,  Col.  Warner.  Dr.  Brackett  interested  him 
self  in  the  matter  about  which  he  had  spoken  to  Mr.  Bailey  in 
Hampton.  But  it  would  seem  that,  at  present,  inquiries  only 
could  be  made,  the  result  of  which  the  Dr.  promised  to  write 
to  Mr.  Bailey,  after  the  return  of  the  latter  to  Gloucester. 

Mr.  Bailey  did  not  fail,  however,  to  call  on  Col.  Weeks,  in 
Hampton,  on  his  homeward  journey  —  when  he  says:  "  I  re 
lieved  their  impatience  to  hear  of  my  success  at  Portsmouth." 
He  also  called  on  a  classmate  of  his,  in  Salisbury,  and  "  ac 
quainted  him  with"  his  "designs  of  visiting  England." 

On  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  being  in  Rowley,  he  says : 
"  I  visited  my  parents,  where  I  found  my  Aunt  Bailey,  who 
all  cried  out  upon  me  when  I  discovered  my  resolutions  of 
visiting  London  for  orders ;  and  after  all,  I  found  it  extremely 
difficult,  with  all  the  arguments  I  could  use,  to  gain  them  over 
to  any  favorable  sentiments  concerning  the  Church  of  Eng 
land." 

Mr.  Bailey,  on  the  next  day,  resumed  his  occupation  of 
teaching  in  Gloucester. 

"  October  21st.  This  day,  at  evening,  visited  Capt.  Gibbs, 
and  acquainted  him  with  my  business  at  Portsmouth,  who 
seemed  much  pleased  at  the  prospect,  and  assured  me  that  he 
should  see  Mr.  Brown  shortly,  himself,  in  Boston,  when  he 
would  use  his  interest  in  my  behalf." 

Under  date  of  the  31st  of  the  same  month,  Mr.  Bailey  writes 
to  Dr.  Brackett,  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  who,  it  will  be  recol 
lected,  made  the  suggestion  to  him,  that  it  might  be  for  his 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  41 

interest  to  visit  the  latter  place.  Mr.  Bailey  refers  to  the  above 
conversation  with  Capt.  Gibbs,  and  says,  that  while  he  engaged 
to  use  his  interest  with  Mr.  Brown,  he  "  imagines  it  proper,  in 
the  mean  time,  to  have  it  mentioned  to  some  gentlemen  in 
Portsmouth." 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  a  friend,  and  dated  Gloucester,  Feb 
ruary  26th,  1759,  he  says  :  "  1  was  at  Hampton  the  first  of  this 
month  ;  "  and  afterwards,  in  the  same  letter :  "  They  have  al 
most  made  a  Presbyterian  preacher  of  me  since  I  saw  you." 

It  is  difficult  to  tell  to  what  this  statement  refers.  Mr. 
Bailey  had,  for  some  months,  been  made,  i.  e.,  "approbated" 
as  a  preacher,  by  a  Congregational  association.  Does  the 
above  refer  merely  to  a  change  of  relations  from  that  denomi 
nation  to  the  Presbyterian,  or  a  regular  ordination  as  a  Con 
gregational  minister?  And  had  this  anything  to  do  to  prevent 
Mr.  Bailey's  intention  of  entering  the  Church  of  England? 
We  have  no  means  of  answering  these  questions. 

An  extract  on  page  40,  has  shown  that  the  general  ideas  of 
what  was  proper  in  ministerial  practice  were  not  offended  by 
clergymen  who  engaged  in  playing  cards,  and  the  subjoined 
extract  will  show  that  the  public  were  equally  tolerant  with 
reference  to  their  engaging  in  another  amusement,  as  much 
objectionable  to  our  modern  notions  of  propriety. 

"  Rowley,  May  30th,  1759.  Towards  evening,  the  actors 
came  together  at  Mrs.  Woodman's,  when  we  attempted  to 
perform  the  play  of  the  Scapin.  The  actors  were :  — 

Octavian,  ......  J.  BAILEY. 

Leander,  ....... . 

Gripe,       ....... . 

Thrifty,*  ...... . 

Scapin,     ....... . 

Shift . 

WOMEN. 

Clara,       .  ....  POLLY  P. 

Lucia,       ......  AMELIA. 


*  The  gentleman  who  sustained  this  character  became  a  clergyman  afterwards,  if, 
indeed,  he  was  not  one  at  this  time. 

6 


42  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1759. 

"  After  taking  a  dish  of  tea,  we  all  together  walked  down 
to  the  meeting-house,  and  there  diverted  ourselves  till  dusk, 
then  returning,  we  had  an  agreeable  dance. 

"  Hampton,  June  3d.  At  eight  o'clock  I  went  down  to 
(Rev.)  Mr.  Cotton's,  and  took  breakfast,  under  the  most  pain 
ful  anxiety.  After  which,  I  resorted  to  the  great  chamber  and 
perused  my  sermons,  viewing,  at  the  same  time,  with  a  pensive 
dulness,  those  surrounding  scenes  of  beauty  I  had  formerly, 
with  so  much  pleasure,  wandered  through ;  a  glorious  sun  had 
brightened  all  the  fields,  and  painted  the  grass  with  golden 
splendors. 

"  When  the  bell  rung,  and  we  entered  the  meeting-house,  I 
ascended  the  pulpit  with  the  utmost  agitation  of  spirit,  but 
was  enabled  to  go  through  the  exercise  with  greater  freedom 
than  I  expected.  At  noon,  I  had  some  compliments  passed 
upon  me,  which  were  a  little  disagreeable.  In  the  afternoon, 
preached  from  this  text :  '  And  thou  Solomon,  my  son/  etc. 
I  had  the  satisfaction  of  having  the  utmost  attention  given, 
the  whole  congregation  appeared  serious,  and  when  I  came  to 
address  those  dear  young  creatures,  who  had  formerly  been 
under  my  instruction,  the  concern  which  became  visible  in 
their  countenances,  affected  me  almost  beyond  measure.  After 
meeting,  I  perceived  that  my  discourses  and  performances  had 
been  greatly  to  the  acceptance  of  Mr.  Cotton.  When  family 
prayers  were  over,  I  walked  up  to  Col.  Weeks' s.  Here  I  re 
ceived  a  great  many  compliments  on  account  of  my  perform 
ances.  Good  heavens,  preserve  me  from  the  mighty  swellings 
of  pride!" 

Being  in  Cambridge  on  the  19th  of  July,  Mr.  Bailey  was 
invited  to  preach  three  Sundays  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  which 
invitation  he  accepted.  On  the  21st,  he  began  his  journey 
from  Gloucester,  and  reached  Plymouth  on  the  evening  of  the 
22d.  "  The  famous  Deacon  Foster  soon  paid  us  a  visit,  but 
was,  1  perceived,  under  some  apprehensions  lest  I  should  be  a 
North  Shore  man,  an  appellation  for  Arminians."  Mr.  Bailey 
preached  both  parts  of  the  next  day  in  Plymouth,  and  left 
early  the  following  morning  for  Gloucester. 

The  following  Sunday  Mr.  Bailey  was  again  in  the  former 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  43 

town,  and  preached  all  day.  "  About  six  o'clock,"  he  says  in  his 
journal,  "  I  returned  to  my  lodgings,  and  repairing  to  my  cham 
ber,  endeavored  to  study,  but  was  prevented,  by  a  prodigious 
tumult  in  the  street.  I  looked  out  of  my  window,  which  faced 
the  great  street,  from  whence,  to  my  great  surprise,  I  beheld  a 
vast  number  of  boys  and  girls  diverting  themselves  in  the  most 
noisy  manner.  At  length  they  entered  a  ruinous  building  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  way,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the 
day  and  part  of  the  evening,  in  playing  hide-and-go-seek.  This 
is  the  more  remarkable,  as  the  Plymouth  people  have  always 
been  most  zealous  pretenders  to  religion,  arid  still  are  the 
greatest  sticklers  in  the  country  for  orthodoxy." 

Mr.  Bailey  fulfilled  his  agreement  by  preaching  the  third 
Sunday  in  Plymouth.  Mr.  Bailey  also  preached  in  "  Glouces 
ter  Old  Town,"  March  25th  of  this  year,  and  at  Cape  Ann 
Harbor  the  19th  of  the  following  August,  as  appears  by  en 
dorsements  on  a  MS.  sermon  of  his,  still  in4  existence. 

The  following  letter  needs  no  remark : 

"  GLOUCESTER,  Sept.  24th,  1759. 
"  To  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  in  Boston: 

"  Rev.  Sir  :  —  I  take  this  opportunity  to  return  you  my  grate 
ful  acknowledgments  for  the  favor  you  have  done  me  in  lend 
ing  me  <  Potter  upon  Church  Government.'  I  have  carefully 
perused  it  with  Bennet's  Abridgment,  and  find  all  the  objec 
tions  against  Episcopal  ordination  and  conformity  to  the 
Church  of  England,  answered  entirely  to  my  satisfaction.  I 
would  still  entreat  your  advice,  and  should  highly  esteem  the 
favor  of  receiving  from  you  any  further  directions." 

In  a  letter  of  the  same  date,  addressed  to  Dr.  Silvester  Gar 
diner,  at  Boston,  Mr.  Bailey  thanks  him  for  the  loan  of  his 
books,  which  had  proved  very  satisfactory  in  determining  his 
future  course. 

"  You  will  have  an  opportunity,"  the  letter  proceeds  to  say, 
"  of  conversing  with  Capt.  Gibbs,  whose  generous  notice  first 
recommended  me  to  gentlemen  of  your  persuasion.  And  if 
you  think  proper  to  encourage  my  proceedings,  I  shall  imme 
diately  endeavor  after  proper  testimonials." 


44  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1759. 

Mr.  Bailey  remained  in  Gloucester  till  the  13th  of  Decem 
ber,  to  which  date  he  probably  kept  school  in  that  place.* 

A  convenient  opportunity  is  afforded,  in  this  stage  of  his 
history,  to  make  some  observations  on  his  character  and  acts 
up  to  this  time. 

His  early  associations  and  struggles  have  been  pretty  fully 
spoken  of,  principally  in  his  own  language. 

Social  distinctions  were  much  more  strongly  marked  a  cen 
tury  since  in  New  England  than  now.  Even  down  to  the 
Revolution,  (as  the  writer  is  informed,  by  good  authority,)  the 
names  of  the  members  in  the  classes  in  the  catalogue  of  Har 
vard  College  were  arranged  according  to  the  social  rank  of  the 
parents  or  guardians  of  the  students. 

Mr.  Bailey's  name  stands  last  in  the  class  of  1755.  His 
father  was  a  farmer,  a  calling  now  considered  as  respectable 
as  most  occupations,  but  then  placed  below  many  others, 
which  at  the  present  time  do  not,  of  necessity,  confer  any 
marks  of  distinction. 

But  when  Mr.  Bailey  became  a  college  student,  he  was  at 
once  admitted  to  the  society  of  those  who  would  not  have 
noticed  him  as  "  a  tiller  of  the  soil." 

Thus  we  have  seen  him,  in  his  sophomore  year,  the  guest 
of  the  reverend  clergy  and  of  lawyers  of  distinction ;  noticed, 
on  more  than  one  occasion,  by  Sir  William  Peppere)!,  and 
invited  to  visit  that  baronet;  and  dining  with  the  father  of  his 
classmate,  John  Wentworth,  the  father  then  holding  the  office 
of  Royal  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  which  was  afterwards 
conferred  upon  the  son,  who  graduated  in  the  same  class  with 
the  subject  of  our  sketch. 

Mr.  Bailey  deserves  the  credit  of  so  discharging  his  duties 
during  the  four  years  that  he  taught  in  different  places,  that 
the  thoughts  of  his  faithfulness  must  have  been  a  satisfaction 
to  him  during  the  whole  of  his  after  life.  Those  of  his  jour 
nals  and  letter-books  that  remain,  afford  abundant  evidence  of 
his  interest,  not  only  in  the  intellectual  progress  of  his  scholars, 


*In  a  letter,  written  many  years  afterwards,  he  says  that  he  "kept  the  Grammar 
School  at  Cape  Ann  Harbor  for  about  two  years." 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  45 

but  also  in  their  manners  and  morals.  To  read  them,  one 
would  suppose  that  he  was  engaged  in  a  business  to  which  he 
had  devoted  his  life,  and  the  labors  in  which  were  rewarded 
with  abundance  of  honor  and  profit. 

Many  letters  to  his  female  scholars  are  preserved.  The 
mere  fact  that  the  master  would  write  to  his  pupils,  must  then 
have  been  considered  as  a  remarkable  condescension.  These 
letters  are  not  mere  didactic  compositions,  excellent  in  them 
selves,  but  from  their  form  not  likely  to  be  interesting  to  youth, 
but  they  show  a  wonderful  degree  of  ingenuity,  in  their  adap 
tation  to  those  to  whom  they  were  addressed.  Some  of  them 
contain  stories  of  considerable  length,  whose  object  is  to  show 
the  misery  in  which  wickedness  results,  and  especially  some 
forms  of  wickedness  peculiar  to  the  time,  and  but  lightly  re 
garded.  A  publication  of  these  writings  would  do  honor  to 
the  head  and  heart  of  their  author. 

The  schoolmaster  also  tried  to  refine  the  minds  of  his  female 
scholars,  by  lending  them  such  books  as  he  thought  conducive 
to  that  end.  And  from  the  mention  he  makes  of  his  reading 
to  them  the  works  of  suitable  writers,  it  is  fair  to  infer  that  his 
conversation  with  them  was  frequently  of  a  higher  character 
than  that  which  at  that  time  often  marked  the  intercourse  of 
parties  in  similar  relations. 

It  is  not  intended  here  to  speak  in  detail  of  the  religious 
character  of  that  portion  of  the  last  century,  which  is  now 
under  notice.  But  it  is  confidently  believed  that  the  piety  of 
Mr.  Bailey  was  as  deep  and  genuine  as  that  of  most  other 
church  members  and  ministers  of  the  time.  That  a  religious 
man,  and  more  than  all,  a  minister,  should  in  these,  our  days, 
play  cards,  engage  in  private  theatricals,  drink  wine  and  punch, 
and  occasionally  dance,  would  destroy  his  influence,  and  sub 
ject  him  to  discipline.  But  the  very  fact  that  these  things 
were  then  done  ivithout  any  concealment,  and  with  no  apparent 
consciousness  of  their  impropriety,  shows,  in  the  absence  of 
all  other  proof,  that  public  opinion  on  these  matters,  was  dif 
ferent  then.  And  we  have  other  evidence  to  satisfy  us  that 
this  view  is  correct.  At  this  time  it  must  be  remembered  that 
Mr.  Bailey  preached  for  Orthodox  ministers  and  congrega- 


46  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY  \     OR,  [1759. 

tions,  and  no  exception  was  taken  to  practices  which  must 
have  been  known. 

The  Plymouth  deacon  "  was  under  some  apprehensions, 
lest  Mr.  Bailey  should  be  a  North  Shore  man,  an  appellation 
for  Arminians; "  but  the  time  had  not  then  arrived  for  inquir 
ing  the  minister's  views  on  Total  Abstinence;  being  satisfied 
whether  he  knew  how  many  cards  there  were  in  a  pack,  or 
knowing  whether  he  had  ever  worn  the  sock  or  buskin.  These 
were  evidently  trivial  things  in  the  eyes  of  that  generation. 
That  the  latter  part  of  the  Lord's  day  should  be  desecrated  by 
the  noise  and  sports  of  children  in  the  public  street,  and  near 
Forefathers'  Rock,  "frightened  not  the  town  from  its  pro 
priety."  Church  members  and  officers  were  too  much  intent 
on  metaphysical  questions,  to  concern  themselves  much  with 
the  works  by  which,  as  the  Scriptures  assure  us,  a  true  faith 
may  be  discerned. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  one  of  the  many  who  have  left  the  ministry 
of  the  different  denominations,  and  entered  that  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  his  motives. 
Unfortunately,  however,  the  series  of  his  journals  and  letter- 
books  at  this  time  is  broken.  Could  these  missing  documents 
be  recovered,  much  light  might  be  shed  on  this  change.  We 
learn,  from  those  that  remain,  that  it  was  not  till  nearly  three 
years  after  he  had  graduated,  that  he  ever  attended  the  services 
of  the  Church  of  England,*  for  he  speaks  of  the  "  novelty  "  of 
what  he  witnessed  in  the  church  at  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  and 
that  this  novelty  prevented  his  falling  asleep  from  the  com 
bined  effects  of  the  heat,  fatigue,  and  want  of  rest.  His  con 
versations  with  Mr.  Warner  and  Dr.  Brackett,  of  that  place, 
doubtless  had  some  effect.  He  had  interviews  with  the 
Rev.  Arthur  Brown,  Rector  of  Queen's  Chapel.  From 
what  we  can  learn,  however,  the  influence  and  exertions  of 
Capt.  or  Esq.  Gibbs,  of  Gloucester,  were  most  efficacious  in 
determining  Mr.  Bailey  to  change  his  religious  relations.  In 
several  parts  of  his  journal  this  gentleman  is  spoken  of  in 


*  The  corner  stone  of  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  was  not  laid  till  1760,  five 
years  after  Mr.  Bailey  graduated  at  Harvard  College. 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  47 

terms  of  warm  approbation.  Mr.  Bailey  records  his  first 
meeting  with  him  in  the  following  words  : 

u  April  20^/i,  1758.  This  evening  had  an  interview  with 
Esq.  Gibbs,*  who  behaved  towards  me  with  a  degree  of  com 
plaisance  I  had  always  been  unaccustomed  to,  though,  I  must 
acknowledge,  I  have  had  my  share  even  of  extraordinary  ca 
resses  from  several  persons,  who  have  been  in  exalted  stations. 
I  was  pleased  with  this  gentleman's  aversion  to  rusticity  and 
profaneness." 

Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  then  Eector  of  King's 
Chapel,  in  Boston,  has  been  given  in  full,  and  also  extracts 
from  his  letter  to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  at  that  time  senior 
warden  of  the  same  church.  Both  these  gentlemen  loaned 
books  to  the  subject  of  this  Memoir,  and  undoubtedly  had 
conversations  with  him  on  the  subject  of  the  Church.  Beyond 
what  has  been  mentioned,  the  materials  for  knowing  the  pro 
gress  and  means  of  the  change  in  his  religious  opinions,  do 
not  now  exist.  But  it  is  the  candid  belief  of  the  writer,  that 
Mr.  Bailey  was  qualified  to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  minister 
to  any  Orthodox  congregation  over  which  he  might  be  called 
to  settle. 


*  The  writer  of  this  Memoir  has  been  able  to  obtain  but  scanty  information  respect 
ing  the  gentleman  spoken  of.  The  following  was  politely  communicated  by  John  J 
Babson,  Esq.,  in  a  letter,  dated  Gloucester,  May  16th,  1851 : 

"  I  can  only,  at  the  present  moment,  say  a  word  of  Mr.  Gibbs.  Of  him  all  my 
knowledge  may  be  expressed  in  a  very  few  words.  He  first  appears  in  Gloucester  on 
the  occasion  of  his  marriage,  November  30,  1727,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  San 
ders,  a  shipwright,  who  lived  an  obscure  life  here,  but  whose  descendants,  for  three  or 
four  generations,  emerged  into  considerable  notice.  ***** 

"  Mr.  Gibbs  was  a  merchant  in  good  standing,  taking  little  part,  I  suppose,  in  town 
affairs,  as  I  do  not  find  his  name  often  mentioned  in  connection  with  any  public  busi 
ness. 

"  No  children  are  recorded  to  him,  and,  I  think,  there  is  no  doubt  that  his  marriage 
was  unproductive  of  issue. 

"  Mr.  Gibbs  is  one  of  the  few  whose  death  is  given  by  our  Town  Clerk,  in  office  at 
his  decease:  — '  Daniel  Gibbs,  Esq.,  died  March  21st,  1762,  in  the  61st  year  of  his  age.' 
'Mrs.  Mary  Gibbs,  wife  of  Daniel  Gibbs,  Esq.,  died  January  17th,  1769,  in  the  60th 
year  of  her  age.'  " 


48  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1759. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

MR.  BAILEY  left  Gloucester,  for  Boston,  on  the  13th  December, 
1759.  As  he  walked  the  whole  distance,  he  was  obliged  to 
stop  one  night  on  the  road.  He  lodged  at  Norwood's  tavern, 
in  Lynn.  Speaking  of  the  company  which  he  found  there, 
he  says :  "  We  had  among  us  a  soldier  belonging  to  Capt. 
Hazen's  company  of  rangers,  who  declared  that  several  French 
men  were  barbarously  murdered  by  them,  after  quarters  were 
given,  and  the  villain  added,  I  suppose  to  show  his  import 
ance,  that  he  '  split  the  head  of  one  asunder,  after  he  fell  on 
his  knees  to  implore  mercy.'  A  specimen  of  New  England 
clemency ! 

"  December  14/A.  This  morning  we  arose  with  the  dawning 
light,  and  travelled  on  towards  Boston.  The  wind  blew  from 
the  N.  W.,  and  the  weather  was  excessive  cold.  I  presently 
found  myself  unable  to  proceed  on  my  journey,  which  Mr.  D. 
observing,  he  was  so  kind  as  to  let  me  ride  to  the  ferry,  while 
he  travelled  on  foot. 

"  The  sun  had  been  risen  about  an  hour  when  we  arrived  at 
Winnisimmet,  but  it  was  almost  ten  before  we  made  Boston. 
*  *  *  I  then  proceeded  to  Dr.  (Silvester)  Gardiner's,  but, 
to  my  sorrow,  found  him  very  sick,  and  in  such  a  situation 
that  he  could  not  be  spoken  with.  This  put  me  under  a  great 
disadvantage,  as  the  ship,  I  was  informed,  would  infallibly  sail 
within  a  few  days.  I  perceived,  however,  that  the  Dr.  took 
notice  of  my  affairs  in  the  intervals  of  his  disorder.  His  son, 
Jeremy,  was  heartily  disposed  to  promote  my  interest,  and 
engaged  to  see  my  business  settled  to  my  content.  *  *  In 
the  afternoon  I  visited  (Rev.)  Mr.  Caner,  who  advised  me  to 
proceed  immediately  to  Cambridge,  for  proper  testimonials 
from  the  President  and  Fellows  of  the  college,  especially  with 
regard  to  my  conduct  while  I  was  a  member  of  that  society. 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  49 

"  December  15th.  About  ten  o'clock  I  arrived  at  college, 
and  entered  those  walls,  where  I  had  formerly  resided  with  so 
much  satisfaction.  *  *  I  waited  upon  the  President*  He. 
kindly  invited  me  into  a  parlor,  and  behaved  towards  me  in  a 
genteel  and  obliging  manner,  not  only  before,  but  after  I  had 
manifested  my  request.  When  I  desired  some  testimonials  of 
my  moral  conduct  at  college,  he  answered  with  mildness,  and 
told  me  that  a  diploma  would  be  the  most  advantageous  thing 
I  could  possibly  carry  from  that  society,  and  added,  that  it 
should  cost  me  nothing  for  the  seal.  I  thanked  him,  and  re 
turned  to  college,  after  which  a  freshman  waited  upon  me 
with  a  copy  of  a  diploma.  *  *  *  About  three  o'clock  I 
waited  again  upon  the  President,  who  behaved  towards  me 
not  only  with  incivility,  but  a  kind  of  barbarous  roughness. 
Notwithstanding  the  weather  was  extreme  cold,  he  caused  me 
to  tarry  in  an  outer  kitchen  for  near  half  an  hour,  without  any 
fire  to  mitigate  the  prevailing  severity,  and  finally  refused  to 
give  me  any  testimonials,  although  it  was  well  known  that  I 
was  never  punished  for  the  breach  of  any  college  laws.  He, 
however,  signed  my  diploma,  and  sent  me  to  the  gentlemen  of 
the  corporation  for  the  like  favor. 

"  About  six  o'clock  I  waited  upon  Mr.  Caner,  and  was  con 
strained  to  give  him  the  disagreeable  news  of  my  unsuccessful 
journey  to  Cambridge.  Upon  which  he  declared,  with  some 
emotion,  that  all  my  affairs  were  entirely  confounded,  and  that 
it  would  be  next  to  impossible  for  me  to  act  with  success. 
This  afforded  rne  a  great  deal  of  uneasiness,  till  he  informed 
me  that  he  had  drawn  my  recommendatory  letters  to  the  so 
ciety  and  his  lordship,  the  Bishop  of  London ;  and  now,  says 
he,  if  you  can  prevail  upon  the  ministers  of  this  town  to  sign 
these  letters,  you  may  possibly  succeed,  but  if  they  refuse, 
nothing  further  can  be  done. 

"  These  discouragements  whetted  my  industry,  and  made 
me  careful  to  lose  no  time.  *  I  proceeded  directly  to  Dr.  Cut 
ler,  who  readily  put  his  name  to  the  papers,  as  did  likewise 
Mr.  Troutbeck,  to  my  great  satisfaction. 


*  Rev.  Edward  Holyoke,  A.  M. 


50  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1760. 

"  December  16th.  This  day  being  Sunday,  went  to  Christ 
Church.  Dined  with  Dr.  Cutler.  *  *  In  the  evening, 
waited  upon  Mr.  Caner,  where  I  found  Mr.  Apthorp,  who  did 
me  the  favor  of  signing  my  letters.  I  was  very  much  pleased 
with  his  conversation,  and  that  modesty  he  discovered  in  pro 
posing  his  sentiments. 

"  December  Vlth.  Called,  in  the  evening,  upon  Parson 
Hooper,*  who  behaved  towards  me  with  a  great  deal  of  com 
plaisance.  After  looking  over  my  testimonials,  he  declared 
them  sufficient,  but,  nevertheless,  refused  to  set  his  name  to 
my  recommendatory  letters,  objecting,  that  Mr.  Caner  had 
drawn  them  up  without  sufficient  caution. 

****** 

"  December  21st.  This  day,  attended  prayers,  and  dined 
with  Mr.  Caner.  This  gentleman  has,  upon  every  occasion, 
shown  me  an  infinite  deal  of  kindness.  May  Heaven  prosper 
all  my  benefactors !  *  *  *  x*  * 

"  December  26th.  This  morning,  waited  upon  Mr.  Paxon, 
who  engaged  to  use  his  interest  with  the  commander  of  the 
Hind  in  my  behalf,  for  a  passage  to  England. 

****** 

"January  6th,  1760.  This  morning,  early,  received  orders 
from  Capt.  Bond,  to  wait  upon  him  the  next  day  at  his  lodg 
ings.  After  church,  went  into  Mr.  Caner's,  and  tarried  till 
dinner,  but  having  received  an  invitation  from  Mr.  Paxon,  I 
waited  upon  him,  was  politely  received,  introduced  into  a  fine 
parlor  among  several  agreeable  gentlemen.  I  found  here  the 
famous  Kit  Minot,  Mr.  McKensie,  and  one  Mr.  Stuart,  a  pretty 
young  gentleman.  I  observed  that  our  company,  though 
chiefly  upon  the  gay  order,  distinguished  the  day  by  a  kind 
of  reverent  decorum.  Our  conversation  was  modest  and  per 
fectly  innocent,  and  I  scarce  remember  my  ever  being  in  any 
company  where  I  could  behave  with  greater  freedom.  After 
attending  divine  service  at  Trinity  Church,  and  hearing  a 
sermon  by  Rev.  Mr.  Hooper,  I  waited  upon  Mr.  Caner,  and 
received  from  his  own  hands  into  my  custody,  those  letters  of 

*  Rev.  William  Hooper,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston. 


1760.]  LIFE    OF     REV.     JACOB     B*AILEY.  51 

recommendation  which  he  had  prepared  to  his  grace  the  Arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury,  his  lordship  the  Bishop  of  London,  and 
the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts. 

*  ,  *  *  *  *  * 

"  January  10^/i.  *  *  Towards  evening  the  boat  appeared. 
In  the  boat's  crew  I  discovered  a  young  man,  whose  appear 
ance  and  behavior  pleased  me  more  than  all  I  had  seen.  I 
immediately  applied  to  him  for  advice,  and  he  courteously 
answered,  that  it  was  my  best  way  to  go  directly  on  board. 
Accordingly,  the  boat  was  loosed  in  a  few  minutes,  and  I 
found  myself  floating  upon  the  water.  In  our  way  to  the 
ship  we  met  Capt.  Bond  in  a  small  schooner,  returning  towards 
the  shore.  He  desired  me,  with  all  the  insolence  of  power,  to 
step  into  the  schooner,  while  he  entered  the  boat  and  proceeded 
to  land.  The  wind  blowing  strong,  it  was  some  time  before 
we  could  get  on  board  the  ship.  At  length,  with  difficulty,  I 
clambered  up  the  sides,  and  found  myself  in  the  midst  of  a 
most  horrid  confusion.  The  deck  was  crowded  full  of  men, 
and  the  boatswain's  shrill  whistle,  with  the  swearing  and  hal 
looing  of  the  petty  officers,  almost  stunned  my  ears.  I  could 
find  no  retreat  from  this  dismal  hubbub,  but  was  obliged  to 
continue  jostling  among  the  crowd  above  an  hour,  before  I 
could  find  anybody  at  leisure  to  direct  me.  At  last,  Mr.  Let- 
terman,  the  captain's  steward,  an  honest  Prussian,  perceiving 
my  disorder,  introduced  me  through  the  steerage  to  the  lieu 
tenant.  I  found  him  sitting  in  the  great  cabin.  He  appeared 
to  be  a  young  man,  scarce  twenty  years  of  age,  and  had  in  his 
countenance  some  indications  of  mildness.  Upon  my  en 
trance,  he  assumed  a  most  important  look,  and  with  a  big 
voice  demanded  to  know  my  request.  I  informed  him  that  I 
was  a  passenger  on  board  the  Hind,  by  the  permission  of  Capt. 
Bond,  and  desired  that  he  would  be  civil  enough  to  direct  me 
to  the  place  of  my  destination.  He  replied,  in  this  laconic 
style :  '  Sir,  1  will  take  care  to  speak  to  one  of  my  mates.' 
This  was  all  the  notice,  at  present,  from  these  great  nothings. 
But,  happily,  on  my  return  from  the  cabin,  I  found  my  chest 
and  bedding  carefully  stowed  away  in  the  steerage.  In  the 


52  •   FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1760. 

mean  time,  the  ship  was  unmoored,  and  we  fell  gently  down 
to  Nantasket. 

"  The  cold  was  extreme  at  this  season,  the  wind  blowing  hard 
from  the  north-west,  and  what  added  vastly  to  my  affliction, 
was  the  disagreeable  conversation  around  me.  I  spent  an 
hour  in  walking  under  the  half-deck,  during  which  time  I  ob 
served  a  young  gentleman  at  a  distance,  walking,  with  a  pen 
sive  air  in  his  countenance.  Coming  near  him,  he  advanced 
forward,  and  in  a  courteous  manner  invited  me  down  between 
decks,  to  a  place  he  called  his  berth.  I  thanked  him  for  his 
kindness,  and  readily  followed  him  down  a  ladder  into  a  dark 
and  dismal  region,  where  the  fumes  of  pitch,  bilge  water,  and 
other  kinds  of  nastiness  almost  suffocated  me  in  a  minute. 
We  had  not  proceeded  far  before  we  entered  a  small  apart 
ment,  hung  round  with  damp  and  greasy  canvas,  which  made, 
on  every  hand,  a  most  gloomy  and  frightful  appearance,  but  a 
little  superior,  in  my  imagination,  to  the  infernal  abodes,  where 
darkness  and  horror  remain  unmolested.  In  the  middle  stood 
a  table  of  pine,  varnished  over  with  nasty  slime,  furnished 
with  a  bottle  of  rum  and  an  old  tin  mug,  with  an  hundred 
a-nd  fifty  bruises  and  several  holes,  through  which  the  liquor 
poured  in  as  many  streams.  This  was  quickly  filled  with 
toddy,  and  as  speedily  emptied  by  two  or  three  companions, 
who  presently  joined  us  in  this  doleful  retreat.  Not  all  the 
scenes  of  horror  about  us  could  afford  me  much  dismay,  till  I 
received  the  news  that  this  detestable  apartment  was  allotted 
by  the  captain  to  be  the  place  of  my  habitation  during  the 
voyage !  I  endeavored  to  soothe  the  melancholy  ideas  that 
began  to  intrude  upon  my  mind,  by  considering  that  I  should, 
through  the  permission  of  a  favorable  Providence,  shortly  be 
in  brighter  regions. 

"  Our  company  continually  increased,  when  the  most  shock 
ing  oaths  and  curses  resounded  from  every  corner,  some  load 
ing  their  neighbors  with  bitter  execrations,  while  others  uttered 
imprecations  too  awful  to  be  recorded.  The  persons  present 
were :  first,  the  captain's  clerk,  the  young  fellow  who  gave  me 
the  invitation.  He  was  born  in  Northampton,  about  sixty 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  53 

miles  from  London,  and  was  educated  to  the  stationery  em 
ployment.  I  found  him  a  person  of  considerable  reading  and 
observation,  who  had  fled  his  native  country  on  account  of  a 
young  lady  to  whom  he  was  engaged ;  but  his  parents,  for  cer 
tain  reasons,  appeared  so  violently  against  the  match,  that  he 
was  prevented  from  marrying.  He  would  sometimes  get 
drunk,  and  at  other  times  behave  in  a  most  unaccountable 
manner.  Second :  Another  was  one  John  Tuzz,  a  midship 
man,  and  one  of  rny  messmates ;  he  proved  a  good-natured, 
honest  fellow,  was  apt  to  blunder  in  his  conversation,  but  too 
frequently  gave  it  a  dash  of  extravagant  profaneness.  Third : 
Another  of  my  messmates,  named  Butler,  was  a  minister's 
son,  who  lived  near  Worcester,  in  England.  His  mother  was 
a  Bailey,  and  himself  a  descendant  from  Butler,  the  author  of 
Hudibras.  He  appeared  to  be  a  man  of  fine  sense,  considera 
ble  breeding,  a  stiff  Jacobite  ;  his  language,  upon  all  occasions, 
was  extremely  profane  and  immodest,  yet  nobody  seemed  a 
greater  admirer  of  delicacy  in  women  than  himself.  My  fourth 
companion  was  one  Spears,  one  of  the  mates,  a  most  obliging, 
ingenious  young  gentleman ;  he  informed  me  that  the  captain 
had  recommended  me  to  him,  and  that  he  should  endeavor  to 
make  the  passage  as  agreeable  as  possible,  and  accordingly  he 
treated  me,  upon  every  occasion,  with  uncommon  civility  and 
kindness,  and  was  as  tender  of  me  in  my  cruel  sickness,  as  if 
he  had  been  a  brother,  and  what  I  most  valued  him  for,  was 
his  aversion  to  swearing  and  obscenity.  Fifth  :  One  of  our 
company,  this  evening,  was  the  carpenter  of  the  ship.  He 
looked  like  a  country  farmer,  drank  excessively,  swore  roundly, 
and  talked  extravagantly.  Sixth  :  Another  was  one  Shephard, 
an  Irish  midshipman,  the  greatest  champion  of  profaneness 
that  ever  fell  under  my  notice.  The  sacred  name,  at  every 
word,  was  uttered  with  the  strongest  emphasis,  and  I  scarce 
ever  knew  him  to  open  his  mouth  without  roaring  out  a  tu 
multuous  volley  of  stormy  oaths  and  imprecations.  After  we 
had  passed  away  an  hour  or  two  together,  Mr.  Lisle,  the  lieu 
tenant  of  marines,  joined  our  company.  He  appeared  about 
fifty  years  old,  of  a  gigantic  stature,  and  quickly  distinguished 


54  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1760. 

himself  by  the  quantities  of  liquor  he  poured  down  his  throat. 
He  also  was  very  profane. 

"  About  nine  o'clock  the  company  began  to  think  of  supper, 
when  a  boy  was  called  into  the  room.  Nothing  in  human 
shape  did  I  ever  see  before  so  loathsome  and  nasty.  He  had 
on  his  body  a  fragment  only  of  a  check  shirt,  his  bosom  was 
all  naked  and  greasy,  over  his  shoulders  hung  a  bundle  of 
woollen  rags,  which  reached  in  strings  almost  down  to  his  feet, 
and  the  whole  composition  was  curiously  adorned  with  little 
shining  animals.  The  boy  no  sooner  made  his  appearance, 
than  one  of  our  society  accosted  him  in  this  gentle  language : 
1  Go,  you  *  *  rascal,  and  see  whether  lobscouse  is  ready.' 
Upon  this  the  fellow  began  to  mutter  and  scratch  his  head, 
but  after  two  or  three  hearty  curses,  went  for  the  galley,  and 
presently  returned  with  an  elegant  dish,  which  he  placed  on 
the  table.  It  was  a  composition  of  beef  and  onions,  bread 
and  potatoes,  minced  and  stewed  together,  then  served  up 
with  its  broth,  in  a  wooden  tub,  the  half  of  a  quarter  cask. 
The  table  was  furnished  with  two  pewter  plates,  the  half  of 
one  was  melted  away,  and  the  other,  full  of  holes,  was  more 
weather-beaten  than  the  sides  of  the  ship;  one  knife  with  a 
bone  handle,  one  fork  with  a  broken  tine,  half  a  metal  spoon, 
and  another,  taken  at  Quebec,  with  part  of  the  bowl  cut  off. 
When  supper  was  ended,  the  company  continued  their  exercise 
of  drinking,  swearing  and  carousing,  till  half  an  hour  after 
two,  when  some  of  these  obliging  gentlemen  made  a  motion 
for  my  taking  some  repose.  Accordingly,  a  row  of  greasy 
canvas  bags,  hanging  overhead  by  the  beams,  were  unlashed. 
Into  one  of  them  it  was  proposed  I  should  get,  in  order  to 
sleep,  but  it  was  with  the  utmost  difficulty  I  prevented  myself 
from  falling  over  on  the  other  side.  Here  I  endeavored  to 
compose  myself,  but  had  no  rest  this  night,  except  a  few  un 
easy  snatches. 

"  January  I'Lth.  In  the  morning  I  awoke  with  ten  thousand 
dismal  apprehensions  ringing  in  my  ears,  which  gave  me  a  very 
melancholy  idea  of  my  present  situation,  but  being  sensible 
that  I  must,  for  some  time,  endure  it,  I  arose  and  put  on  as 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  55 

much  cheerfulness  as  possible.  We  expected  to  sail  every 
minute,  till  evening,  when,  the  wind  becoming  unfair,  we  were 
obliged  to  continue  still  at  anchor. 

"  January  12th.  This  day  began  to  reconcile  myself,  in  some 
measure,  to  my  new  method  of  living.  Nothing  remarkable 
happened,  except  that  the  captain  and  officers  endeavored  to 
conceal  a  negro  servant,  belonging  to  Capt.  Ellis,  of  Beverly, 
but  Mr.  Ellis,  understanding  his  business,  recovered  his  servant 
by  authority. 

"  Towards  evening,  several  passengers  came  on  board,  viz. : 
Mr.  Barons,  late  Collector,  Major  Grant,  Mr.  Baron's  footman) 
and  Mrs.  Cruthers,  the  purser's  wife,  a  native  of  New  England. 
After  some  considerable  dispute,  I  had  my  lodgings  fixed  in 
Mr.  Pearson's  berth,  where  Master  Robant,  Mr.  Baron's  man, 
and  I,  agreed  to  lie  together  in  one  large  hammock. 

"  As  the  Sabbath  approached,  I  critically  observed  the  beha 
vior  of  our  people,  but  found  not  the  least  respect  paid  to  the 
approaching  season  by  one  person  on  board. 

"January  13^A,  (Sunday.)  This  day  spent  in  a  very  dis 
agreeable  and  scandalous  manner,  without  any  kind  of  divine 
worship.  Our  people,  instead  of  keeping  the  Sabbath  day 
holy,  passed  it  away  either  in  diversions  or  quarrels.  *  *  * 
This  evening  the  barge  returned  from  a  cruise  to  one  of 
the  neighboring  islands,  when  Mr.  Glover,  the  lieutenant,  and 
Mr.  Pearson,  gave  an  account  of  the  following  adventure. 
They  came  to  a  house  where  lived  a  man,  who,  in  our  country 
dialect,  is  called  a  substantial  farmer ;  he  had  several  pretty 
young  daughters,  whom  he  had  taken  great  pains  to  educate. 
They  could  not  only  read  and  write,  but  understood  letters  to 
a  considerable  degree  of  perfection.  Every  lady  admired  their 
innocence,  modesty,  and  decent  behavior,  but  the  neighboring 
youths,  in  general,  imagined  themselves  too  inferior  to  offer 
their  addresses  to  these  excellent  virgins.  Mr.  Glover  and 
Mr.  Pearson,  however,  had  the  happiness,  by  means  of  laced 
clothes,  and  loud,  rattling  oaths  and  imprecations,  to  get  intro 
duced  to  their  company.  They  followed  their  suit  with  all 
expedition,  and,  in  less  than  two  days,  seduced  and  ruined  a 
couple  of  fine  creatures,  the  one  about  sixteen,  the  other  about 


56  *    FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1760. 

eighteen  years  old.  That  this  was  really  true,  the  following 
accident  discovered.  As  Mr.  Pearson  was  taking  something 
out  of  his  pocket-book,  he  dropped  a  paper  that  I  took  up  and 
read,  which  was  as  follows  :  — 

u;  DEAR  SIR: — 'Tis  with  the  utmost  regret  I  am  forced  to 
part  with  you,  and  shall  have  many  a  sorrowful  hour  till  you 
return. 

" '  I  cannot  think  you  will  ever  be  so  cruel  as  to  forget  one 
who  has  sacrificed  my  innocence,  and,  I  fear,  my  happiness,  to 
your  pleasure. 

" '  Pray  let  me  hear  from  you  before  you  sail. 

" <  I  am,  sir,  yours  forever, 

« <  SALLY.'  '; 

Five  days  passed,  after  the  events  recorded  in  the  last  ex 
tract,  and  found  the  fleet  still  at  anchor  in  Nantasket  Roads. 

"  January  19th.  This  morning,  almost  before  daylight  ap 
peared,  I  awoke  with  the  clangor  of  trumpets  and  the  noise 
of  whistles,  and  the  bustling  of  all  hands  upon  deck,  by  which 
I  perceived  that  the  ship  was,  at  last,  unmooring,  and  that  we 
were  preparing  to  sail,  This  instantly  drove  me  from  my 
repose,  upon  the  quarter-deck,  where  I  found  a  most  serene 
and  pleasant  morning.  In  less  than  an  hour, .the  whole  fleet 
was  under  sail,  and  enjoyed  a  gentle  breeze  till  we  had  sailed 
some  leagues  to  the  eastward  of  the  lighthouse.  Our  fleet 
consisted  of  seven  sail,  viz. :  the  Hind,  a  twenty-gun  ship,  the 
Maria,  the  Ruby,  the  Molly,  the  Genoa  Packet,  the  Galley, 
and  the  St.  Paul.  I  stood  with  a  melancholy  feeling,  to  see 
the  New  England  shores  grow  further  and  further  distant,  till 
the  tops  of  the  mountains,  and,  at  last,  the  whole  country, 
entirely  disappeared.  The  wind  quickly  died  away,  and  it 
was  perfectly  calm  for  an  hour  or  two,  which  gave  us  some 
fearful  apprehensions,  but  towards  evening  it  sprang  up  a  little 
to  the  eastward  of  south.  It  blew  fresh,  and  we  were  obliged 
to  keep  the  ship  close  hauled  to  the  wind,  which  caused  a 
great  motion,  and  I  presently  was  obliged  to  repair  to  my 
hammock,  extremely  sick,  and  so  continued  all  night." 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  57 

The  daily  occurrences  of  the  voyage  are  related  with  more 
or  less  minuteness.  Mr.  Bailey  mentions  several  acts  of  kind 
ness  and  attention  to  him  on  the  part  of  the  petty  officers  of 
the  ship,  but  which  were,  nevertheless,  accompanied  with 
much  that  was  unpleasant  and  repulsive.  Thus,  they  with 
whom  he  dined,  by  invitation,  one  day,  "tried  to  tempt  him 
into  some  fashionable  excesses,  and  as  the  acquaintance  in 
creased,  were  perpetually  criticising  his  conversation."  On 
one  occasion  he  dined  with  the  doctor  of  the  ship,  who  did 
not  hesitate  to  express  Deistical,  and  even  Atheistical,  opinions. 

He  states,  in  his  journal,  after  he  had  been  at  sea  a  few 
days,  that  "at  this  season  I  was  much  emaciated  with  sick 
ness,  and  oftentimes  not  less  disconcerted  at  the  abominable 
profaneness  that  everywhere  prevailed,  more  especially  in  the 
apartment  to  which  I  had  the  misfortune  to  be  confined." 

The  following  is  gladly  inserted,  as  it  makes  the  captain  of 
the  ship  appear  in  a  more  amiable  light  than  previously:  "  I 
cannot  help  taking  notice  of  the  kindness  of  our  captain  to 
me,  which,  though  conferred  with  a  good  deal  of  insolence, 
yet  was  exceedingly  comfortable  to  me  in  my  reduced  condi 
tion,  since  he  ordered  his  servant  to  send  me  something  every 
day  from  his  table." 

After  a  terrific  storm,*  which  nearly  proved  the  destruction 
of  the  ship  and  all  on  board  of  her,  their  ears  were  saluted,  on 
the  morning  of  Feb.  16th,  with  the  joyful  cry  of  land!  "  Such 
was  my  satisfaction,"  says  our  voyager,  "at  the  sight  of  the 
British  shores,  which  I  had  so  long  sighed  for  in  my  native 
country,  that  I  could  not  forbear  shedding  tears  upon  the  occa 
sion.  *  *  Exactly  at  twelve  o'clock  we  came  to  anchor 
between  St.  Helens  and  Spithead,  it  being  completely,  to  an 
hour,  twenty-eight  days,  from  the  time  we  weighed  anchor  at 
Nantasket.  The  next  day,  (Sunday,)  about  eleven  o'clock,  the 
barge  was  hoisted  out,  and  the  captain,  with  Mr.  Barons  and 


*  Mr.  Bailey  subsequently  speaks,  in  his  journal,  of  the  accounts  which  the  news 
papers  contained,  of  the  disasters  occasioned  by  this  storm.  The  Hind  was  signal 
ized  by  the  Ramilies,  a  ninety-gun  ship,  on  the  loth  hist.  That  very  night,  this  ship 
was  shipwrecked,  and  of  a  crew  of  seven  hundred  and  thirty-four  persons,  only  twenty- 
five  escaped  with  their  lives. 

8 


58  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1760. 

his  attendants,  were  preparing  to  land  at  Portsmouth,  when 
I  requested  leave  of  our  haughty  commander  to  visit  the  shore, 
but  he  returned  me  answer,  with  all  the  insolence  of  tyranny, 
that  '  I  must  wait  for  the  return  of  the  boat.'  This  disap 
pointment  raised  my  spirits  to  a  prodigious  degree,  but  I  was 
constrained  to  vent  my  disappointment  in  silence.  I  took, 
however,  a  social  dinner  with  the  doctor,  the  purser,  and  his 
agreeable  consort,  after  which,  Mr.  Major,  a  young  gentleman 
who  had  conveyed  his  chest  on  board  the  Hind,  but  was  disap 
pointed  of  a  passage,  joined  our  company.  Towards  evening 
he  was  disposed  to  return  towards  Portsmouth,  and  having  a 
large  boat  alongside,  I  requested  the  favor  of  accompanying 
him  to  the  shore,  which  he  readily  granted.  Having  taken  my 
leave  of  all  friends  in  the  ship,  I  left  it  with  the  greatest  satis 
faction,  but  not  without  a  strong  inclination  of  seeing  again 
those  who  had  been  companions  in  so  many  dangers.  In  our 
way  to  the  harbor,  we  passed  by  a  vast  number  of  ships,  either 
lying  at  anchor,  or  getting  under  sail.  In  less  than  half  an 
hour  we  landed  on  the  strand,  in  Portsmouth,  which  was 
covered  with  a  great  multitude  of  people,  chiefly  boys  and 
servants,  at  their  several  diversions.  This  opened  to  me  a 
new  scene,  and  quickly  made  me  sensible  that  I  was  in  a 
country  different  from  New  England.  The  gentleman  who 
came  on  shore  with  me  was  a  stranger  to  the  city  as  well  as 
myself,  which  occasioned  me  a  great  deal  of  uneasy  confusion, 
since  I  was  not  acquainted  with  any  living  person.  While  I 
stood  staring  around  me  in  the  wildest  disorder,  a  young  lad 
came  down  to  the  water,  and  offered  to  carry  my  chest  to  any 
place  I  should  direct.  I,  in  a  moment,  recollected  that  it 
might  be  proper  to  have  it  reposited  in  some  wagon-house,  till 
it  could  be  conveyed  up  to  London.  Accordingly,  he  put  it 
down  at  the  Blue  Anchor,  where  I  was  informed  that  it  would 
be  put  into  the  wagon  the  next  morning." 

One  of  the  officers  of  the  Hind  had  given  Mr.  Bailey  a  let 
ter  of  introduction  to  a  lady  who  kept  a  boarding-house  in 
Portsmouth,  and  immediately  on  his  arrival  there,  he  set  out 
in  search  of  her  dwelling.  He  rambled  through  the  streets, 
inquiring  of  many  persons  where  the  person  lived  to  whom  his 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  59 

letter  was  addressed.  For  a  long  time  he  could  gain  no  infor 
mation,  till,  at  last,  "  an  honest-looking  tar  "  offered  to  conduct 
him  to  the  place  of  his  destination.  "  I  made  no  scruple," 
says  Mr.  Bailey,  "  to  commit  myself  to  his  direction,  especially 
when  he  told  me  that  he  belonged  to  the  Diana,  the  ship  in 
which  Mr.  Greaton*  took  his  passage  for  England."  The  let 
ter  of  introduction  procured  him  a  welcome,  and,  at  last,  he 
found  himself  in  comfortable  quarters,  waiting  for  the  first 
public  conveyance  to  London. 

The  reader  can  hardly  have  failed  to  remark  the  difficulties 
which  Mr.  Bailey  encountered,  and  the  trials  to  which  he  was 
subjected  in  his  efforts  to  obtain  orders  in  the  Church  of  Eng 
land.  We  cannot  easily  account  for  the  coldness  with  which 
he  was  treated  by  the  President  of  Harvard  College,  or  the 
refusal  of  that  officer  to  certify  the  acknowledged  fact,  that  his 
character  was  unexceptionable  while  he  was  a  member  of  that 
institution.  This  refusal  caused  Mr.  Bailey  much  anxiety  and 
trouble,  and  nearly  prevented  his  obtaining  the  testimonials 
required  by  the  ecclesiastical  authority  in  England. 

Although  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  found  friends  who  had 
sufficient  influence  to  secure  him  a  passage  in  an  armed  ship, 
yet,  it  would  seem,  he  could  not  obtain  decent  accommoda 
tions  on  board,  and  that  he  was  even  obliged  to  share  his 
hammock  with  the  man  servant  of  one  of  the  passengers. 
The  captain  treated  him  with  a  superciliousness  little  to  be 
expected  from  one  of  a  profession  with  which  civility  and 
politeness  are  uniformly  associated.  The  petty  officers  of  the 
ship,  including  the  surgeon,  appear  to  have  been  almost  brutes 
in  human  shape,  who  bore  the  royal  commission.  Their  pas 
senger  was  an  educated  man,  a  licensed  clergyman  of  the 
Congregational  denomination,  and  the  object  of  his  voyage  to 
England  was  to  obtain  orders  in  the  Established  Church. 
Yet  their  profaneness  appears  to  have  been  unrestrained  in 
his  presence ;  they  sought  to  tempt  him  into  some  fashionable 
excess;  they  made  severe  reflections  on  his  native  country; 


*  Afterwards  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  Mass. 


60  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1760. 

and,  even  when  he  was  a  guest  at  their  table,  they  criticised 
his  pronunciation  and  manner  of  speaking. 

We  know  not  if  Mr.  Bailey's  experience  in  obtaining  testi 
monials,  and  on  his  voyage  to  England,  was  a  fair  specimen 
of  that  of  other  candidates,  in  general,  for  holy  orders.  If  it 
were  so,  we  cannot  but  admire  the  perseverance,  and  respect 
the  strong  principle  which  influenced  these  young  men,  not 
only  to  sacrifice  the  time  and  money  necessary  to  the  voyage, 
and  to  incur  the  dangers  of  the  sea,  but  which  could  support 
them  under  the  trial  of  being  associated,  for  an  indefinite 
time,  with  unmannerly,  drunken,  profane  and  licentious  com 
panions.  We  are  sure,  that  a  person  of  a  similar  standing 
with  Mr.  Bailey,  who  should  now  take  passage  in  an  armed 
ship,  would  not  suffer  as  he  was  compelled  to  do.  The  naval 
service  has  gentlemen  for  its  officers,  and  among  them  are 
bright  ornaments  of  the  religion  which  they  profess. 

On  the  second  day  after  Mr.  Bailey's  arrival  in  Portsmouth, 
he  commenced  his  journey  to  London.  The  public  convey 
ance  in  which  he  took  passage,  is  thus  described  by  him : 
"  These  stage  machines  are  built  in  the  form  of  a  common 
coach,  but  somewhat  larger  ;  they  are  drawn  by  six  horses,  are 
capable  of  carrying  six  persons,  with  their  bundles,  which 
must  never  exceed  fourteen  pounds  to  a  single  passenger, 
Besides  the  proper  body  of  the  coach,  there  is  a  large  apart 
ment  erected  behind,  which  frequently  contains  seven  or  eight 
people.  But  it  is  very  uncomfortable  riding  there  in  stormy 
weather,  it  being  wholly  uncovered,  and  exposed  to  the  open 
air."  Of  the  passengers  that  occupied  the  coach  with  him  on 
this  journey,  he  says :  "  A  greater  variety  of  characters  and 
employments  in  life,  perhaps  were  never  before  assembled 
together  in  so  narrow  an  apartment." 

In  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  Mr.  Bailey  reached  the  city 
of  London,  and  lodged  at  *'  the  great  Spread  Eagle  Inn,  Grace 
Church  Street."  The  next  morning  he  called  upon  "  Mr.  But 
ler,  a  noted  bookseller,  near  King  Street,  Cheapside,"  and  de 
livered  to  him  a  letter  of  introduction.  Through  his  assistance 
he  engaged  lodgings  with  a  family,  where  other  American  cler 
gymen  and  candidates  for  orders  had  resided.  The  same  day 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  61 

he  found  Mr.  Greaton,  who  had  visited  England  to  obtain 
ordination. 

On  the  27th  February,  the  subject  of  our  Memoir  waited 
upon  Rev.  Dr.  Bearcroft,  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Pro 
moting  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  and  delivered  to  him 
some  letters,  "  together  with  a  will,  wherein  a  New  England 
lady  had  left  a  legacy  of  £1,000  sterling  to  the  society."  The 
same  day  he  called  on  Rev.  Dr.  Nichols,  and  presented  him 
with  letters  for  his  lordship  the  Bishop  of  London. 

"  February  28th.  This  morning  Mr.  Greaton  and  I  waited 
upon  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,*  at  his  palace  at  Lam 
beth.  We  had  the  good  fortune  to  find  him  at  home.  After 
being  conducted,  with  a  vast  deal  of  ceremony,  through  ex 
tended  walks,  grand  halls,  and  spacious  chambers,  we  were,  at 
length,  presented  to  his  grace,  who  immediately  rose  from  his 
seat  and  gave  us  his  blessing,  before  we  had  an  opportunity  to 
kneel.  He  then  desired  us  to  sit,  and  conversed  with  us  in  the 
most  easy  and  polite  manner.  He  inquired  of  me  concerning 
the  war  in  America,  and  asked  me  'what  the  sentiments  of 
people  were,  in  general,  concerning  Col.  Amherst?'  I  an 
swered  him  with  caution  and  coolness,  more  than  was  neces 
sary.  After  he  had  conversed  freely  for  more  than  half  an 
hour,  taking  pen  and  paper,  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Nichols,  that  upon 
the  recommendation  I  was  able  to  produce,  he  need  not  be 
under  any  scruple  of  admitting  me  to  ordination.  *  *  * 

"  February  29th.  This  morning  I  arose  full  of  anxious  con 
cern,  and,  not  tarrying  for  my  breakfast,  walked  near  two 
miles,  to  the  place  of  my  examination.  I  was  presently  intro 
duced  to  the  Doctor,  (Nichols,)  who  received  me  with  all  that 
mildness  which  he  always  assumes  towards  his  dependants. 
Requesting  me  to  sit,  he  proceeded  to  ask  me  a  great  number 
of  questions  concerning  my  country,  relations,  and  education- 
I  observed  that  my  answers  appeared  to  give  him  satisfaction. 
At  length,  examination  came  on.  He  gave  me,  first,  the  Greek 
Testament,  and  desired  me  to  render  a  portion  of  it  either  into 
Latin  or  English,  according  to  my  inclination.  He  likewise 

*  Dr.  Seeker. 


62  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1760. 

gave  me  liberty  to  choose  what  book  or  chapter  I  pleased.  I 
happened  to  open  about  the  middle  of  the  first  chapter  of 
Matthew,  and  passed  through  this  part  of  my  examination 
with  ease.  The  next  book  he  put  into  my  hand  was  Grotius 
de  Veritate.  Here  I  was  not  at  my  liberty,  but  he  heard  me 
to  the  first  section  in  the  Second  Book,  where  I  read  off  that 
and  two  sections  besides,  into  English,  without  receiving  any 
correction.  The  last  part  of  the  examination  was,  to  render 
the  Thirty-nine  Articles  into  Latin,  and  then  to  explain  it. 
This  I  had  the  happiness  to  perform,  not  only  to  his  accept 
ance,  but  even  far  beyond  what  I  could  wish.  After  I  had 
passed  through  the  several  forms  used  on  these  occasions,  he 
dismissed  me,  with  a  declaration  that  he  had  the  pleasure  to 
find  me  qualified,  and  would  recommend  me  for  ordination 
the  next  Sunday. 

****** 
"  March  2d.  This  morning  arose  early,  and  met  my  com 
panions,  according  to  agreement.  *  *  I  found  Mr.  Morton, 
a  young  gentleman  from  Philadelphia,  arrived  before  me.  *  * 
When  we  had  finished  our  breakfast,  a  couple  of  coaches 
appeared,  to  convey  us  to  Fulham.  We  had  a  pleasant  ride 
through  a  beautiful  country,  for  the  space  of  five  miles  beyond* 
the  town.  *  *  About  ten,  we  came  in  sight  of  the  bishop's 
palace.  *  *  The  servants  conducted  us  into  a  very  odd 
apartment.  We  found,  however,  a  good  fire,  which  afforded 
us  a  very  seasonable  refreshment,  as  the  weather  was  chilly. 
We  were  presently  joined  by  several  other  gentlemen,  candi 
dates  for  ordination.  His  lordship  the  Bishop  of  Rochester,* 
soon  arrived,  when  we  were  called  into  his  presence.  Here 
we  were  obliged  to  subscribe  the  Thirty-nine  Articles.  The 
bell,  a  few  minutes  after,  ringing  for  prayers,  we  were  all 
shown  into  the  chapel,  where,  after  taking  three  oaths,  we 
were  admitted  to  deacons'  orders  by  the  Bishop,  with  the  as 
sistance  of  Dr.  Nichols  and  another  clergyman.  When  we 
returned  from  the  chapel,  we  were  conducted  into  a  vast  large 
hall,  entirely  composed  of  the  finest  marble.  It  was  arched 

*  Dr.  Zachary  Pearce. 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  63 

overhead,  and  was  at  least  twenty  feet  high.  All  the  walls, 
as  well  as  the  grand  canopy,  were  covered  with  the  most  strik 
ing  figures,  so  that  this  spacious  apartment  might  truly  be  said 
to  be  fine  without  hangings,  and  beautiful  without  paint.  In 
the  middle  stood  a  long  table,  covered  with  silver  dishes.  We 
sat  down  with  his  lordship  of  Rochester,  the  Bishop  of  Lon 
don's  lady,  and  several  others,  being,  in  all,  twenty-one.  We 
had  ten  servants  to  attend  us,  and  were  served  with  twenty- 
four  different  dishes,  dressed  in  such  an  elegant  manner,  that 
many  of  us  could  scarce  eat  a  mouthful.  The  drinking  ves 
sels  were  either  of  glass  or  of  solid  gold.*  The  Bishop  was 
very  sociable  at  table,  but  was  seen  to  behave  with  a  very 
important  gravity.  After  paying  eleven  shillings  a-piece  for 
our  orders,  we  drove  into  the  city,  and  took  a  dish  of  tea  to 
gether,  and  then  parted  in  friendship. 

"  March  5th.  This  morning  waited  upon  the  famous  Mr. 
Benjamin  Franklin,  and  received  an  invitation  to  dine.  *  * 
His  son  dined  with  us,  a  barrister-at-law.  He  is  a  gentleman 
of  good  education,  but  has  passed  away  the  flower  of  his 
youth  in  too  many  extravagancies. 

****** 

"  March  14th.  This  day  was  appointed  for  public  fasting  and 
prayer  through  Great  Britain,  to  implore  the  divine  blessing 
on  the  arms  of  the  nation.  In  the  afternoon,  walked  abroad 
with  Messrs.  Greaton  and  Morton.  After  rambling  several 
miles,  we  came  to  Moorfields,  and  passing  through  them,  we 
entered  the  lane  which  leads  to  Mr.  Whitfield's  famous  taber 
nacle.  We  saw  multitudes  of  people  crowding  along  from 


*  In  reading  this  description,  allowance  should  be  made  for  the  novelty  of  the  sights 
which  met  Mr.  Bailey's  eyes  on  this  occasion.  His  early  days  were  passed  in  humble 
circumstances,  and  though  afterwards  he  had  some  opportunity  of  associating  with 
persons  of  wealth  and  refinement,  yet  it  can  hardly  be  supposed  that  he  had  ever  been 
present  at  any  entertainment  in  which  much  display  of  luxury  and  wealth  had  been 
made.  Besides,  America  could  not  compete  with  England  in  the  style  of  furniture 
and  decorations  of  buildings.  His  description  of  his  visit  at  the  house  of  the  Bishop, 
was,  no  doubt,  according  to  his  impressions  at  the  time.  That  he  was  mistaken,  in 
some  degree,  we  know,  from  his  remark,  that  "  the  drinking  vessels  were  either  of 
glass  or  solid  gold."  It  has  been  stated,  by  competent  authority,  that,  even  at  the 
present  day,  services  of  gold  plate  are  composed  of  silver,  more  or  less  heavily  gilded. 


64  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1760. 

every  quarter,  to  hear  the  entertaining  impertinence  of  that 
gentleman.  By  the  calculation  I  was  enabled  to  make,  I  am 
sensible  there  was  not  less  than  ten  thousand  persons  in  and 
about  the  tabernacle.  Here  were  many  serious  people  of  the 
lower  sort,  several  of  fashion,  and  a  great  number  of  villains, 
who  take  the  advantage  to  pick  the  pockets  of  the  innocent 
rabble.  Upon  our  return,  we  met  Mr.  Milner,  a  young  gentle 
man  from  New  York,  who  came  over  for  orders.  But  Mr. 
Morton  being  obliged,  with  me,  to  wait  upon  Dr.  Nichols,  we 
parted  with  these  gentlemen,  and  walked  to  Piccadilly.  The 
Doctor  met  us  at  the  door,  and  with  an  easy  smile  informed 
us  that  he  had  been  so  happy  as  to  procure  us  a  private  ordi 
nation,  which  would  be  conferred  the  next  Sunday,  by  the 
Bishop  of  Peterboro'.*  This  news  was  very  joyful  to  us,  who 
wished  for  nothing  more  than  to  have  our  affairs  settled. 

****** 
"  March  16^/i,  ( Sunday.)  This  being  the  day  appointed  for 
my  admission  into  priests'  orders,  Mr.  Morton  called  at  my 
lodgings  a  little  after  eight.  We  took  coach,  and  ordered  the 
coachman  to  drive  to  Piccadilly.  We  stopped  at  Dr.  Nichols' 
door,  and  found  that  obliging  gentleman  ready  to  enter  upon 
our  affairs.  We  were  soon  conducted  into  the  presence  of  his 
lordship  the  Bishop  of  Peterboro',  and,  under  his  direction, 
took  all  the  oaths  which  the  canons  of  our  church  require 
upon  these  sacred  occasions.  We  were  next  conducted,  with 
the  usual  ceremonies,  into  St.  James'  Church,  and  there  re 
ceived  ordination  from  the  Reverend  Bishop.  The  whole 
affair  was  conducted  with  the  utmost  solemnity.  O,  that  our 
minds  may  ever  be  sensible  of  the  weight  and  importance  of 
this  sacred  office  to  which  we  are  now  appointed,  and  may 
the  Divine  influence  animate  and  direct  our  actions  to  the 
glory  of  Heaven  and  the  happiness  of  those  beings  which 
surround  us !  The  ordination  being  over,  we  returned  into 
the  Doctor's  apartment,  and  there_  paid  half  a  guinea  for  our 
.^orders,  and  half  a  crown  to  the  man  \vho  attended  at  the  altar. 
We  received  orders  from  our  reverend  superiors,  to  partake  of 

*  Dr.  Terrick. 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     HEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  65 

the  Sacrament  at  the  King's  Parish  Church  of  St.  Martins-in- 
the<-Fields.  We  had  an  excellent  sermon,  suitable  to  the 
occasion,  and  parted  from  the  holy  ordinance  in  some  measure 
sensible  of  the  favors  Heaven  had  bestowed  upon  us,  in  mak 
ing  everything  succeed  to  our  wishes. 

"  March  17th.  *  *  *  We  arrived  at  the  Bishop  of  Lon 
don's  palace  (at  Fulham),  and  were  admitted,  with  usual 
ceremony,  into  the  secretary's  apartment,  from  whose  hand  we 
received  our  license,  after  paying  XI  185.  6d.  We  had  the 
honor  of  being  introduced  to  His  Lordship's  presence.  He  was 
sitting  with  his  consort  in  a  beautiful  parlor,  with  his  hat  upon 
his  head.  When  we  approached  him,  he  endeavored  to  move, 
but  with  the  greatest  difficulty.  We  came  around  on  the 
other  side  of  the  table,  and  saw,  in  the  face  of  His  Lordship, 
an  object  which  at  once  excited  horror  and  compassion.  His 
face  was  swollen  to  a  prodigious  degree,  and  his  tongue,  in 
fected  with  some  terrible  disorder,  hung  out  of  his  mouth,  and 
extended  down  his  chin.  The  good  Bishop,  unable  to  speak, 
looked  earnestly  upon  us,  as  if  he  meant  to  convey  us  a  bless 
ing.  Having  subscribed  the  articles  required,  we  took  leave  of 
His  Lordship.* 

****** 

"  March  19//i.  Mr.  Morton  calling  on  me,  we  dressed  in 
our  robes,  and  went,  first,  to  wait  upon  Mr.  Franklin.  We 
found  him  and  his  son  at  breakfast,  with  several  ladies,  who 
prevailed  upon  us  to  take  a  dish  of  tea.  After  engaging  to 
dine  with  them  the  next  Tuesday,  we  went  to  St.  Martin's, 
expecting  to  meet  the  Venerable  Society.  We  tarried  prayers, 
but  not  finding  those  reverend  gentlemen  we  wanted,  we 
repaired  to  the  chapter-house,  and  were  introduced  into  a 
handsome  apartment,  with  the  Archbishop's  gentlemen,  and 
other  attendants.  About  one,  the  assembly  broke  up,  when 
we  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  several  bishops.  *  *  His 


*  This  was  Bishop  Thomas  Sherlock,  the  antagonist  of  Bishop  Hoadley,  in  the 
Bangorian  controversy.  He  died  in  a  few  months  after  the  interview  recorded  in  the 
Memoir.  His  attestation  to  Mr.  Bailey's  declaration  of  conformity  to  the  Liturgy  of 
the  Church  of  England  is  preserved.  The  Bishop's  signature,  in  the  margin,  shows 
the  tremulousness  of  a  hand  enfeebled  by  sickness. 

9 


66  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1760. 

Grace,  in  passing  out  of  the  great  room,  condescended  to  ad 
dress  us  very  complacently,  and  gave  us  his  blessing.  *  * 
From  the  chapter-house  we  went  directly  to  the  treasury,  *  * 
thence  to  the  chancellor's  house.  Here  we  received  £19  7s. 
6d*  the  royal  bounty  to  all  American  clergymen  after  ordina 
tion.  The  king  himself  signed  the  order  for  the  delivery  of 
the  money.  I  cannot  but  thankfully  acknowledge  the  good 
ness  of  Providence,  this  day,  in  succeeding  my  concerns,  and 
so  happily  finishing  the  business  for  which  I  made  this  danger 
ous  voyage  to  London.  I  had  the  pleasure  to  be  informed 
that  the  generous  Society  had  appointed  me  their  missionary, 
with  a  salary  of  £50  per  annum,  to  begin  from  last  Christmas. 
This  was  favorable,  even  beyond  my  most  sanguine  expecta 
tions. 

****** 

"  March  22d.  This  day  received  half  a  year's  salary  from 
Alderman  Gosling,  banker  to  the  Society.  *  *  I  then  rode 
to  the  upper  part  of  New  Bond  Street,  and  bought  a  number 
of  books.  The  afternoon  I  spent  in  collecting  articles  I  de 
signed  to  take  with  me  to  New  England,  having  first  visited 
the  New  England  Coffee  House,  and  agreed  with  Capt.  Watt 
for  a  passage,  first  paying  for  it  ten  guineas. 

****** 

"  March  25th.  Visited  Dr.  Bearcroft  with  Mr.  Greaton  and 
Morton,  where  we  received  Leland's  View  of  the  Deistical 
Writers,  a  present  from  his  royal  highness  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  several  other  excellent  pieces.  About  two,  Mr.  Morton 
called  on  me,  and  accompanied  me  to  Mr.  Franklin's,  in 
Craven  Street.  We  had  four  ladies  at  table.  They  all  dined 
in  full  dress,  without  so  much  as  taking  their  hats  from  their 
heads.  Nothing  could  possibly  be  more  agreeable  than  the 
conversation,  behavior  and  entertainment  of  this  afternoon. 

"  March  26th.      This  day  went  down  the  river  with   Mr. 

Greaton,  to  put  our on  board  the frigate,  at  Stone 

Stairs. 

****** 

"  May  28th.  About  ten  o'clock,  to  our  inexpressible  joy,  we 
made  the  mountains  of  Agamenticus,  on  the  coast  of  New 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  67 

England,  having  been  out  of  sight  of  land  from  Cape  Corn 
wall,  in  Great  Britain,  thirty-two  days." 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  in  Boston  a  few  days  after,  as  we  learn 
from  the  following  item  from  the  «  Boston  News  Letter,"  of 
June  5th,  1760  :  «  Custom  House,  Boston,  June  4th.  Entered 
inwards,  Watt,  from  London.  In  Capt.  Watt  came  Passen 
gers  General  Winslow,  who  was  welcomed  on  shore,  and  con 
gratulated  by  a  great  number  of  People,  upon  his  return ;  also, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  James  Grayton,*  of  Roxbury,  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Jacob  Bailey,  of  Beverly,!  two  young  gentlemen  who  have 
received  Episcopal  Ordination,  the  former  for  Christ's  Church, 
in  this  Town,  the  other  for  a  Church  to  be  established  at 
Pownalboro',  on  the  Kennebeck  River;  and  several  other 
Uemen." 


*Greaton.  fBowley. 


68  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1606. 


CHAPTER  V. 

BEFORE  we  follow  Mr.  Bailey  to  his  chosen  field  of  labor,  it 
becomes  necessary  to  sketch  the  history  of  that  part  of  the 
country  in  which  that  field  was  situated. 

As  the  French  had  led  the  way  in  colonizing  other  parts  of 
America,  so  were  they  the  first  in  exploring  this  region,  and  in 
attempting  to  settle  it.  The  king  of  France  had  given  to  De 
Monts  the  whole  of  the  country  between  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton  and  the  shores  below  Hudson  River,  and  had  called 
the  territory  ACADIA.  In  the  spring  of  1604,  De  Monts,  ac 
companied  by  the  future  founder  of  Quebec,  entered  Annapo 
lis  River,  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  granting  a  territory,  extending 
some  miles  from  its  mouth,  to  one  of  his  companions,  sailed 
for  the  Schoodic,  or  St.  Croix  River,  which  now  forms  part  of 
the  north-eastern  boundary  of  the  United  States.  An  island 
was  chosen  for  the  residence  of  the  party,  and  fortified.  The 
privations  of  one  winter,  however,  caused  them  to  abandon  this 
locality  the  following  spring,  and  to  join  the  rest  of  the  immi 
grants  on  the  pleasant  river  of  Annapolis.  The  same  season 
an  exploring  party,  led  by  De  Monts,  ascended  the  Kennebec 
River,  erected  a  cross,  and  took  possession  of  the  territory  in  the 
name  of  the  king  of  France.  While  these  expeditions  were  in 
progress,  English  enterprise  was  also  excited.  On  the  pretence 
of  discovering  a  north-west  passage,  a  party  left  Great  Britain. 
After  touching  at  a  few  places  in  Maine,  the  vessels  ascended 
the  Penobscot  River,  probably  a  considerable  distance,  and  the 
commander  also  erected  a  cross,  "  a  thing,"  he  says,  "  never 
omitted  by  Christian  travellers."  Thus,  in  the  same  year,  per 
haps  in  the  same  month,  the  symbol  of  man's  salvation  was 
planted  on  the  banks  of  the  two  noblest  rivers  in  Maine.  The 
leaders  of  both  these  expeditions  were  Protestants.  The  Eng 
lish  enterprise  was  disgraced  by  the  seizure  of  five  of  the  na- 


1606.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  69 

tives,  who  were  carried  to  Great  Britain.  This  act  of  unquali 
fied  baseness  was,  however,  Providentially  made  productive  of 
good.*  Three  of  the  captives  were  delivered  to  Sir  FERDI- 
NANDO  GORGES,  governor  of  Plymouth.  A  residence  with  him 
taught  them  the  English  language,  and  the  accounts  they  gave 
of  their  native  land  first  excited  in  their  host  that  interest  in 
the  colonization  of  New  England,  which  terminated  only  with 
his  life. 

In  1606,  an  association  of  English  gentlemen  was  formed, 
for  the  purpose   of    colonizing   America,   and  converting  its 
savage  inhabitants  to  the   Christian  religion.      Although  di 
vided  into  two  companies,  yet  they  were  under  one  general 
council  of  government.     James  I.  gave  them  a  royal  charter. 
To  one  of  these,  called  the  Second  Colony,  or  the  Plymouth 
Company,  was  granted  a  territory,  identical,  to  a  great  extent,f 
with  that  given  to  De  Monts  by  the  king  of  France.     The  re-J 
Jigion  of  the  Church  of  England  was  established  in  the  colo-i 
_  ni.es  to  be  formed.     In  the  following  year,  the  founders  of  Vir 
ginia,  under  the  patronage  of  the  first  of  these  companies,  left 
their  native  land  and  commenced  a  settlement  on  James  River. 
Late  jn  August  of  the  same  year,  public  thanks  to  Almighty 
God  were  offered  up  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Kennebec  River, 
near  its  mouth,  by  a  party  who  had  landed  from  ships  sent  out 
by  the  Second,  or  Plymouth  Company,  to  colonize  their  patent. 
A  sermon  was  delivered  on  this  occasion,  their  charter  was 
read,  and  rules  for  the  government  were  promulgated.     Build- 
\  ings  for  public  use,  including  a  Church  and  a  few  slender 
1  cabins,  were  erected^  with  a  rude  fortification.     Early  winter 
witnessed  the~departure  of  the  ships  which  had  transported 
the  colonists,  leaving  only  forty-five   persons  to  undergo  the 
unknown  trials  which  might  await  them.      Not  the  least  of 
these  trials  was  the  extreme  severity  of  the  climate.     In  mid 
winter  fire  consumed  their  storehouse,  with  the  provisions  it 


*  "  This  accident  must  be  acknowledged  the  means,  under  God,  of  putting  on  foot 
and  giving  life  to  all  our  plantations."  —  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges'  Briefe  Narration. 
London:  1658. 

f  To  the  two  companies  all  North  America,  from  the  34th  to  the  45th  degree  of 
latitude,  was  granted.  De  Monts'  patent  extended  one  degree  further  north. 


70  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1607. 

contained.  George  Popham,  their  president,  died.  The  ships 
sent  from  England  the  succeeding  spring,  brought  news  of  the 
death  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  England,  one  of  the  principal 
men  of  the  Plymouth  Council,  and  also  of  another  member,  a 
^brother  to  the  "  Admiral"  of  the  colony,  who  had  now  become 
its  president.  These  untoward  events  determined  the  emi 
grants  to  return  to  their  native  country,  and  when  the  ships, 
despatched  to  their  aid,  entered  the  English  harbor  on  their 
return,  instead  of  bringing  news  of  encouragement  to  the 
sagacious  and  enterprising  men,  who  had  attempted  to  trans 
fer  the  religion  and  civilization  of  England  to  the  hunting- 
grounds  of  the  savages  of  North  America,  they  landed  dis 
heartened  adventurers,  whose  story  and  whose  return  would 
postpone,  to  a  distant  day,  the  renewal  of  an  enterprise  that 
had  thus  lamentably  and  visibly  failed. 

As,  by  the  royal  letter  of  instructions,  given  to  the  early  colo 
nists,  the  religion  and  polity  of  the  Church  of  England  were 
distinctly  established,  and  as  religious  services  were  held,  and 
a  sermon  preached  on  the  day  of  the  debarkation  of  the  colo 
nists,  at  Kennebec,  by  their  chaplain,  who  also  officiated  dur 
ing  the  time  the  colony  remained,  it  is  certain  that,  on  the 
shores  of  Atkins'  Bay,  the  hallowed  strains  of  England's  ritual 
•were  heard  at  no  infrequent  intervals,  during  the  autumn  of 
1607,  and  the  succeeding  winter.  And,  therefore,  these  are 
the  first  instances  of  the  use  of  the  liturgy,  and  the  perform 
ance  of  the  rites  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  any  part  of  the 
present  United  States,  north  of  Virginia.  And  not  only  so, 
this  was  THE  FIRST  PROTESTANT  WORSHIP  AND  PREACHING,  BY 

AN  ORDAINED  MINISTER,  IN  ANY  PORTION  OF  THIS  VAST  TERRI 
TORY.* 

NEW  ENGLAND  was  the  name  given  to  a  region,  extending 
from  the  fortieth  parallel,  eight  degrees  northward,  in  a  new 
charter,  granted  to  the  Plymouth  Council,  in  1620.  Several 
voyages,  undertaken  by  private  persons,  had  been  made  during 
the  thirteen  years  which  followed  the  failure  of  the  colony  at 
Kennebec.  Although  the  famous  Captain  John  Smith  was 

*  See  note  B. 


1636.]  LIFE     OF     UEV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  71 

engaged  in  two  of  these -enterprises,  yet  nothing  was  effected 
in  the  way  of  colonizing  the  territory.  A  few  persons,  under 
Richard  Vines,  passed  the  winter  of  1617,  at  the  mouth  of 
Saco  River,  but  a  party  of  English  mutineers,  who  had  been 
set  on  shore  in  the  succeeding  year,  found  there  no  white 
inhabitants,  arid  were  obliged  to  travel  eastward,  till  they 
reached  the  island  of  Monhegan,  a  noted  fishing  station  for 
the  Europeans. 

Thirteen  years  after  Vines'  short  stay  at  Saco,  two  patents 
were  granted  to  him  and  others,  of  about  eight  square  miles, 
on  the  banks  of  that  river.  The  settlers  on  these  grants  pre 
served  friendly  relations  with  their  savage  neighbors,  and 
raised  taxes  for  the  support  of  religious  worship,  though  no 
clergyman  seems  to  have  been  among  them  at  the  time.  But 
in  1636,  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  who  had  obtained  a  grant  of 
all  the  territory  in  Maine,  west  of  the  Kennebec  River,  sent 
over  his  nephew,  William  Gorges,  in  the  capacity  of  governor. 
In  the  spring  of  that  year,  he  opened  a  court  in  Saco,  and  thus 
established  the  first  organized  government  within  the  limits  of  )o 
the  present  State  of  Maine.  In  the  autumn,  "  a  book  of  rates 
for  the  minister,  to  be  paid  quarterly,  the  first  payment  to  begin 
at  Michaelmas  next,"  was  drawn  up,  and  the  sum  of  £31  15s. 
was  subscribed.  The  patent  of  this  territory  established  the 
Church  of  England,  and  gave  the  patentee  the  patronage  of 
all  churches  and  chapels.  Rev.  RICHARD  GIBSON,  an  Episco 
pal  minister,  was  here  at  least  as  early  as  1637,  and  remained 
on  this  side  the  Atlantic  seven  years  before  his  return,  part  of 
which  time  was  spent  in  Saco.  It  was  in  this  place,  then, 
that  Episcopacy  was  first  permanently  established  in  the  terri 
tory  of  Maine.  But  Gibson's  labors,  though  given,  perhaps, 
at  first,  in  a  great  degree,  to  Saco,  became  afterwards  extended, 
and  the  settlers  at  Richmond's  Island,  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  and 
at  Piscataqua,  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  his  ministrations.  In 
fact,  he  is  known  to  have  been  the  first  minister  of  Ports 
mouth,  N.  rH.  He  vvas  drawn  into  a  controversy  with  a  Puri 
tan  minister,  of  Dover,  N.  H.,  who  attacked  him,  and  he  after 
wards  offered  acknowledgments  to  Massachusetts,  arid  in  1643 
returned  to  England.  The  testimony  of  those  who  regarded 


72  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1660. 

the  church  of  which  he  was  a  minister  with  no  favorable  feel 
ings,  is,  that  he  was  "  a  good  scholar,  a  popular  speaker,  and 
highly  esteemed  as  a  Gospel  minister,"  by  those  among  whom 
he  labored. 

A  small  island  near  the  southerly  shore  of  Cape  Elizabeth, 
had  been  granted  by  the  Plymouth  Council  to  two  persons, 
who  appointed  John  Winter  to  manage  their  interest  therein. 
It  soon  became  a  noted  place  for  fishing,  and  the  products  of 
the  sea  and  forest  were  exchanged  to  so  large  an  extent  for 
foreign  commodities,  that  an  European  trade  of  some  amount 
grew  up,  and  continued  many  years. 

Rev.  ROBERT  JORDAN,  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land,  married  Sarah,  the  daughter  of  this  John  Winter.  It  is 
certain  that  Jordan  officiated  during  the  first  years  of  his  resi 
dence  on  Richmond's  Island,  and,  as  he  is  termed  an  "itinerant 
preacher  to  the  people,"  his  labors,  like  those  of  Gibson,  may 
have  extended  even  to  New  Hampshire.  The  original  grantees 
of  Richmond's  Island  evidently  contemplated  the  regular  per 
formance  of  divine  worship  there,  according  to  the  ritual  of 
the  Church  of  England,  if  not  the  erection  of  a  church,  for,  in 
the  joint  inventory  between  one  of  them  and  their  agent,  arti 
cles  used  in  the  Church  service  are  enumerated,  such  as  "  Com 
munion  vessels,  cushions,  etc."  Jordan  also  exhibited  a  charge 
against  the  estate  of  his  father-in-law,  in  1645,  u  for  my  min 
istry,  as  by  composition,  one-half  year,  £10."  But  Jordan's 
life  was  destined  to  be  a  checkered  one.  The  whole  of  Rich 
mond's  Island  was  awarded  to  him,  as  legal  representative  of 
Winter,  to  satisfy  a  claim  of  the  latter  on  the  proprietors. 
The  territory  in  which  his  estate  was  situated,  changed  owners 
more  than  once,  and  Jordan  became  involved  in  the  political 
disputes  arising  from  such  fluctuations.  We  find  him,  at 
various  times,  acting  in  a  judicial  capacity,  appointed  to  his 
office  by  the  power  which,  at  the  time,  held  possession  of  the 
Province  of  Maine.  That  he  did  not  entirely  lay  aside  the 
exercise  of  his  ministerial  office,  appears  from  the^fact  that,  in 
1660,  he  baptized  some  children,  "  after  the  exercise  was  ended 
on  the  Lord's  day,  in  the  house  of  Mrs.  Mac  Worth,  in  Fal- 
mouth,"  for  which  he  was  summoned  before  the  General 


1677.]  LIFE    OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  73 

Court  of  Massachusetts,  who  also  called  him  to  an  account, 
in  the  succeeding  year,  for  solemnizing  a  marriage.  Four 
years  after,  his  house  was  attacked  by  Indians.  He  barely 
escaped  with  his  life,  to  Great  Island,  now  New  Castle,  in 
Piscataqua  River,  where  he  died,  in  1679,  aged  68,  leaving  a 
large  landed  estate. 

The  territory  of  Maine,  after  many  changes  of  ownership, 
passed,  by  purchase,  into  the  hands  of  the  neighboring  colony 
of    Massachusetts,   in   1677.      Thenceforward,   the   religious 
teachers  encouraged  in  this  Province  were  Puritans. 
10 


74  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1749. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

IN  1749,  the  representatives  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the 
Kennebec  Purchase,  with  others  who  had  joined  them,  held  a 
meeting,  to  take  measures  for  the  improvement  of  their  prop 
erty.  Four  years  after,  a  corporation  was  formed,  by  the 
name  of  the  "  Proprietors  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase  from  the 
late  Colony  of  New  Plymouth,"  though  this  corporation  is 
generally  called  "  The  Plymouth  Company."  * 

f'ln  the  year  1751, J  a  number  of  Germans  having  arrived 
in  Boston,  the  Plymouth  Company,  as  an  inducement  to  them 
to  settle  in  their  patent,  offered  immediately  to  give  each 
family  one  hundred  acres  of  land,  in  what  is  now  called  Dres 
den,  to  pay  their  passages  from  Boston,  to  advance  them  six 
months'  provisions,  and  to  build  them  a  house  of  defence 
against  the  Indians.  The  only  conditions  imposed  upon  the 
settlers  were,  that  each  should  clear  five  acres  of  land,  and 
build  an  house,  twenty  feet  by  eighteen,  within  three  years. 
These  offers  were  accepted,  and  the  descendants  of  those  Ger 
mans  are  yet  to  be  distinguished  in  that  neighborhood,  by 
their  patronymic  names."  The  plantation  begun  by  these 
people  was  called  Frankfort. 

The  wars  between  France  and  England  involved  their  res 
pective  colonies  in  America,  and  the  influence  which  the 
former  had  obtained  over  the  Indians,  was  used  in  exciting 
them  to  attack  the  white  settlers  in  Maine.  As  Richmond 
fort  had  become  almost  ruinous,  another  was  built,  in  1754, 


•  See  note  C. 

f  History  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase,  by  R.  H.  Gardiner,  Esq.  —  Maine  Historical 
Collections,  II.,  p.  280. 

J  After  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  some  of  the  French  went  to  Ger 
many,  and  with  the  Germans  came  thence  to  Frankfort,  on  the  Kennebec,  from  the 
River  Rhine. 


1749.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  75 

about  one  and  a  half  miles  above  it,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  and  called  Fort  Frankfort,  or  Fort  Shirley.  To  this 
the  inhabitants  fled  for  security,  when  alarmed  by  the  Indians. 
The  circumstances  of  the  people  at  Frankfort  were  extremely 
straitened.  They  had  been  transported  to  a  region  whose 
winters  are  long,  and  generally  rigorous,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  fell  the  enormous  growth  of  timber  which  covered  the 
ground,  before  anything  could  be  raised  for  the  support  of 
themselves  and  their  families.  Unused  to  this  kind  of  labor 
in  their  native  country,  their  attempts  to  cut  down  the  forest 
were  awkward,  and  of  course  very  toilsome.  As  it  must  be 
long  before  they  could  raise  their  own  food,  and  as  they  had 
no  means  of  renewing,  in  their  new  home,  their  clothing,  when 
worn  out,  they  were,  of  course,  doomed  to  a  protracted  and 
severe  struggle  for  the  necessaries  of  life.  It  is  evident,  then, 
that  a  provision  for  religious  instruction  was  entirely  beyond 
their  power.  In  fact,  the  whole  of  the  present  State  of  Maine, 
east  of  Brunswick,  was  at  that  time,  and  for  some  years  after, 
(with  the  exception  hereafter  to  be  named,)  entirely  desti 
tute  of  the  services  of  a  minister  of  any  denomination.  But 
Popish  emissaries  were  not  idle.  In  1605,  the  expedition  of 
De  Monts,  (as  before  stated,)  ascended  the  Kennebec  River, 
erected  a  cross,  and  took  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name 
of  the  king  of  France.  In  1612,  De  Biencourt  and  Biart 
visited  the  same  river,  and  brought  the  natives  to  the  profes 
sion  of  the  Romish  religion,  and  allegiance  to  the  French 
king.*  Thirty-fourf  years  after,  Drenillettes  took  up  his  abode 
in  this  region,  and  officiated  in  a  chapel  erected  by  the  Indian 
converts.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Bigots,  father  and  son. 
When  Ralle  was  killed  by  the  English  forces,  at  the  Indian 
village  of  Norridgewock,  in  1724,  he  had  been  their  priest  at 
that  place  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  As  the  Jesuits  were 
well  established  in  Canada,  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  Ralle, 
and  as  the  route  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  Kennebec  was 
well  known  to  the  Indians,  and  frequently  passed  over  by 


*  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  I.,  27. 
t  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  III.,  135. 


76  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1754. 

them,  emissaries  of  the  Bomish  Church  could,  with  little  com 
parative  difficulty,  find  their  way  into  the  country  where  the 
head-quarters  of  the  Norridgewock  tribe  had  formerly  existed. 
That  these  opportunities  were  not  neglected,  appears  from  the 
following  narrative  :  "  On  the  4th  of  January,  1754,  Mr.  Peter 
Audron,  a  Jesuit,  and  missionary  to  the  Norridgewock  tribe, 
arrived  at  Frankfort.  *  *  Mr.  Bunyon,  one  of  the  German, 
or  French  settlers,  accompanied  the  Jesuit  to  his  habitation, 
which  was  about  three  or  four  miles  above  Cushnoc,  at  the  dis 
tance  of  half  a  mile  from  the  eastern  shore,  and  his  house  was 
surrounded  by  a  number  of  Indian  wigwams.  The  French  were 
carrying  on  a  settlement  at  Anondowincke,  a  remarkable  situa 
tion,  between  the  head  of  Kennebeck  and  Ammagantick  Lake, 
and,  it  is  reported,  that  the  above-mentioned  Jesuit  was  busy 
among  the  French  people,  at  Frankfort,  to  engage  some  of 
them  to  remove,  and,  for  their  encouragement,  he  promised 
each  family  two  hundred  acres  of  land,  and  some  other  advan 
tages  ;  but,  with  all  his  arguments  and  insinuations,  he  was 
unable  to  prevail."  ' 

The  poor  settlers  at  Frankfort,  thus  exposed  to  the  arts  of 
Romish  missionaries,  and  unable,  themselves,  to  provide  for 
religious  teaching,  looked  in  vain  to  any  in  America  to  assist 
them.  No  Protestant  minister  had  ever  been  in  the  valley  of 
the  Kennebec,  of  which  we  have  any  account,  save  at  George 
town,  a  settlement  near  the  mouth  of  that  river,  and  the  last 
clergyman  had  left  that  place  two  years  previously,  while  there 
was  no  prospect  that  the  vacancy  there  would  be  supplied. 
Nothing,  then,  was  left  to  these  neglected  pioneers  but  to 
apply  to  the  benevolence  of  pious  persons  in  England.  In 
this  emergency,  the  people  of  Frankfort  joined  with  those  in 
Georgetown,  in  petitioning  the  "  Society  for  Propogating  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,"  to  send  them  a  missionary.  This 
petition,  dated  in  1754,  states  that  they  who  signed  it  "  are  a 
collection  of  Protestants,  from  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  France 


*Rev.  J.  Bailey's  MSS.  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  II.,  297.  Both  of  these 
authorities  concur  in  stating  that  this  visit  of  the  Jesuit,  with  other  facts,  drew  the 
attention  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  led  to  the  renewal  or  erection 
of  forts,  one  of  which  was  placed  in  the  present  town  of  Winslow. 


1  Site  of  Pophums  Colony   JGOf. 

2  Stte  nf  rtrrtnirlunntLA ,  ff19 . 

3  S"?  Johns  Churcti .  Townalboro . 
ft- -Do-        fa 

N.3.     Thenamfs-  of  places  are 
J773 . 


PART  OF 

it  A  I  N  E 


1756.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  77 

and  Germany"  compelled,  by  poverty,  "  to  accept,  gladly,  a 
Settlement  on  the  Frontier  of  New  England,"  who  feel  sensibly 
the  want  of  "the  Administration  of  God's  Word  and  Sacra 
ments,  and  their  Children  must  be  in  evident  Danger  of  falling 
into  the  grossest  Ignorance  and  Irreligion,  so  as  to  become  an 
easy  Prey  to  the  Popish  Missionaries  in  that  Neighbourhood, 
unless  the  Society  shall  send  a  Missionary  to  officiate  to  and 
instruct  them." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society,  for  1755,  states  that  "  Gov 
ernor  Shirley,  and  other  very  worthy  Persons,  recommending 
Mr.  Macclenaghan^  that  he  had  been  for  many  Years  a  Dis 
senting  Teacher,  but  was  become  a  Convert  to  the  Church  of 
England,  as  a  proper  Person  for  this  Mission,  on  account  of 
his  uncommon  Fortitude,  and  a  Mind  cheerfully  disposed  to 
undergo  the  Dangers  and  Difficulties  to  be  expected  in  that 
Mission,  the  Society,  Mr.  Macclenaghan  having  been  received 
into  the  Holy  Orders  of  our  Church,  hath  appointed  him  their 
Missionary  to  George  Town  and  Frankfort,  and  to  the  neigh 
boring  Places  on  the  Eastern  Frontier  of  the  Province  of  Mas 
sachusetts  Bay."  The  annual  stipend  attached  to  this  mission 
was  fifty  pounds  sterling. 

In  May,  1756,  Mr.  Macclenachan  arrived  at  Kennebec,  and 
took  up  his  residence  in  Fort  Richmond.  His  family  after 
wards  joined  him  there. 

But  one  report  of  Mr.  Macclenachan  to  the  Society  has  been 
preserved.  This  is  compiled  from  his  letter  to  them,  dated 
Richmond,  August  5th,  1757.  In  this  he  speaks  of  his  "  dili 
gence  in  preaching  the  Gospel  on  common  Days,  as  well  as 
the  Lord's  Day,"  and  states  that  "  the  number  of  his  Hearers 
increases."  He  complains  "  that  there  is  no  Church,  either  at 
George  Town  or  Frankfort,  nor  Glebe  nor  House  prepared  for 
the  Missionary,  as  was  promised  to  the  Society  on  his  appoint 
ment;  but  that  he  had,  to  that  time,  resided  in  an  old  disman 
tled  Fort,  wonderfully,  through  God's  mercy,  preserved  from  a 
merciless  Enemy,  to  whom  he  is  often  exposed." 

Mr.  Macclenachan  removed  from  his  mission  in  December, 
1758.*  A  large  territory  was  thus  left  without  the  services  of 

*  See  note  D. 


78  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1760. 

any  resident  minister  of  any  denomination.  The  title  of  the 
incumbent  of  the  Church  Mission  in  this  region  was,  "  Itine 
rant  Missionary  on  the  Eastern  Frontier  of  Massachusetts 
Bay."  This  frontier  was  indeterminate,  both  in  length  and 
breadth.  It  extended  from  the  ocean,  indefinitely,  towards 
Canada,  and  from  Brunswick,  as  far  east  as  any  white  people 
could  be  found.  It  was  shortly  after  stated,  by  one  who  had 
the  means  of  knowing,  to  be  "one  hundred  miles  in  length, 
by  sixty  in  breadth."  Few  roads  had  been  made,  and  the  set 
tlements  being  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  the  sea-coast,  the 
usual  mode  of  travelling  was  by  a  canoe.  At  this  time,  and 
in  fact  for  many  years  after,  county  roads,  connecting  one 
township  with  another,  were  entirely  unknown.  In  summer, 
the  canoe  held  the  place  of  the  wheeled  carriage,  while  in 
winter,  the  icy  surface  of  the  frozen  river  formed  the  principal 
highway  for  the  sleigh,  and  even  for  the  ox-sled,  with  its  heavy 
load.*  It  is  evident,  that  it  would  be  beyond  the  power  of  any 
one  missionary  to  labor  successfully  in  all  parts  of  so  large  a 
field.  But  he  was  liable  to  be  called  on  for  services,  even 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  extensive  region  to  which  he  was 
appointed.  As  the  Church,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  was  the  first 
to  be  met  with  in  travelling  to  Boston  from  these  eastern  parts, 
the  mission  may  be  said,  in  some  sense,  to  have  embraced  all 
that  was  then  settled  of  the  present  State  of  Maine. 

There  was,  at  that  time,  but  one  county,  that  of  York,  whose 
limits  included  all  the  territory  east  of  Piscataqua  River.  On 
the  19th  of  June,  1760,  two  new  counties  were  taken  from  this, 
the  more  easterly  one,  the  county  of  Lincoln,  having  Pownal- 
borough  for  its  shire  town.  This  town  included  the  ancient 
plantation  of  Frankfort,  and  its  area  was  so  large,  that  it  was 
afterwards  divided  into  three  towns.f  In  the  succeeding  year, 
the  Plymouth  Company  erected  the  necessary  county  build 
ings,  one  of  which,  the  court-house,  three  stories  in  height,  is 
still  standing,  a  conspicuous  object  to  all  who  pass  on  the 
Kennebec. 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  in  Pownalborough,  July  1st,  1760.     He 


*  See  note  Da. 

f  Dresden,  Alna,  and  Wiscasset. 


1761.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY. 


79 


represents  the  majority  of.  the  inhabitants  as  extremely  poor, 
and  very  ignorant,  without  the  means  of  either  religious  or 
secular  instruction.  He  resided,  for  the  first  few  months,  in 
the  family  of  Capt,  (afterwards  Major,)  Samuel  Goodwin, 
who  had  been  in  the  country  a  number  of  years,  as  a  surveyor 
and  military  officer. 


[View  of  the  Court-House,  Pownalborough,  Maine.] 

But  little  is  to  be  found  touching  Mr.  Bailey's  first  years 
labor  as  missionary.  In  a  letter,  (probably  to  Florentius  Vas- 
sall,  Esq.,  in  London,)  he  says:  "I  have  been  about  two 
months  upon  the  spot,  have  travelled  through  most  of  the  set 
tlements  upon  your  patent,  and  been  sixty  miles  up  the  Ken- 
nebec.  Frankfort  is  now  called  Pownalborough,  and  has  in  it 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  families." 

After  the  court-house  was  built,  in  1761,  it  was  used,  for 
many  years,  on  Sundays,  for  the  services  of  the  Church.  Pre 
vious  to  this,  these  services  must  have  been  held  in  the  chapel 
of  Fort  Richmond,  and  in  private  houses. 

The  inhabitants  of  Frankfort,  in  their  petition*  to  the  Ven- 

*  See  note  E,  for  the  petition  entire. 


80  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1762. 

erable  Society,  in  1759,  for  a  missionary,  stated  that  "they 
have  a  Glebe  of  200  Acres  of  good  Land,  which,  with  their 
Contributions  in  Money,  will  not  amount  to  less  than  £20. 
Sterling,  per  annum;  and  as  soon  as  they  enjoy  the  Blessing 
of  Peace,  they  will  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  House, 
and,  in  the  mean  time,  they  can  have  Richmond  Fort  for  an 
House  for  the  Minister,  and  the  Chapel  belonging  to  it  for 
Divine  Service,  and  the  Farm  around  it  for  a  Glebe." 

The  people,  from  their  poverty,  were  unable  to  perform  the 
promises  which  were,  no  doubt,  honestly  made;  but,  in  the 
spring  of  1761,  Mr.  Bailey  removed  to  Richmond,  and  received 
a  grant  of  the  use  of  the  land  around  the  fort,  to  draw  from  it 
what  profit  he  could.  In  August  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  was 
married  to  Miss  Sally,  fourth  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Weeks,  of 
Hampton,  N.  H.  The  lady  was  much  younger  than  himself. 
She  had  been  one  of  his  scholars,  when  he  was  teaching  in 
the  place  of  her  residence,  and  much  evidence  yet  remains 
that  he  was  very  assiduous  in  his  endeavors  to  implant  in  her 
young  mind  the  principles  of  morality  and  religion,  as  well  as 
to  improve  her  intellect  and  refine  her  manners.* 

In  1762,  Rev.  Henry  Caner,  of  Boston,  wrotef  to  the  Society: 
"  It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  me  to  hear,  as  I  have  repeatedly,  that 
Mr.  Bailey,  lately  sent  missionary  to  Kennebec,  is  highly  use 
ful  there,  by  his  diligence,  prudence,  and  exemplary  conduct. 
That  country,  though  a  frontier,  peoples  very  fast.  Had  they 
the  happiness  of  two  more  such  missionaries,  one  at  the  west 
ern,  the  other  at  the  eastern  boundary,  as  Mr.  Bailey  is  in  the 
centre,  the  whole  country  would  unite  in  one  profession,  with 
out  any  perplexing  disputes,  or  differing  sentiments.  But  this 
is  a  matter  which  must  be  referred  to  the  wisdom  of  the  So 
ciety." 

From  the  report  of  Mr.  Bailey  to  the  Society,  in  1762,  we 
learn,  that  a  gentleman  had  presented  to  the  parish  a  set  of 
Communion  ware,  and  that  the  congregations  were  on  the 
increase,  both  at  Pownalborough  and  Georgetown.  He  states, 


*  See  note  F. 

f  Original  letter  quoted  in  Hawkins'  "  Historical  Notices  of  the  Missions  of  the 
ChurCh  of  England,"  p.  231. 


1761.]  LIFE     OF     RET.     JACOB     33AILEY.  81 

that  the  number  of  communicants  is  already  above  fifty.  "  It 
gives  me  great  satisfaction,"  he  continues,  "  to  find  Industry, 
Morality  and  Religion,  flourishing  among  a  People,  till,  of 
late,  abandoned  to  Disorder,  Vice  and  Profaneness,  which  Al 
teration  is  chiefly  owing  to  the  Performance  of  Divine  Service, 
and  those  Pious  Tracts,  which  the  Society's  Pious  Care  has 
dispersed."  He  acknowledges  "  the  Receipt  of  a  great  Num 
ber  of  Catechisms  and  Common-Prayer  Books,  which  will  be 
of  great  Service  to  the  younger  Sort,  and  Promote  the  Decency 
of  Divine  Worship."  However,  he  complains,  that  "the  Mis 
sion  is  attended  with  great  Disadvantages,  from  the  Poverty 
of  the  People,  and  the  Difficulties  of  Travelling  in  the  Winter, 
when  the  Snow  is  sometimes  Five  or  Six  Feet  deep  for  several 
months.  If  a  Missionary  could  be  sent  to  George  Town, 
Harpsu-ell,  and  Places  adjacent,  it  would  lessen  these  Difficul 
ties,  and  very  much  establish  Religion  among  a  People  whom 
he  is  obliged,  in  Winter,  to  leave  almost  destitute ;  besides 
that,  another  Minister  would  give  him  an  Opportunity  to  do 
more  service  in  the  New  Settlements,  and  upon  the  neighbor 
ing  Rivers  of  Sheepscott  and  Dumarascotta" 

In  connection  with  this,  occurs  the  following  record  :     "  The 
Society  have  also  received  a  Petition  from  the  Inhabitants  of 
George  Town  and  Harpsioell^  on  Kennebeck  River,  dated  Dec. 
llth,  1761,  thankfully  acknowledging  the   Society's  charity  to 
them,  to  which  it  is  owing,  under  God,  that  a  sense  of  Religion 
is  preserved   among   them ; "  and   observing   "  that   the   large 
Increase  of  a  poor,   industrious    People,  consisting  of  above 
7,000   Inhabitants,   (situated  in  a    New  Frontier  Settlement, 
with  not  one  Ordained   Minister  of  any  Denomination  except 
Mr.  Bailey,)  obliges  them  humbly  to  request  another  Mission 
ary  for  this  large  District.     This   favor  they  particularly  en 
treat  for  the  Inhabitants  of  George  Town  and  llarpswell,  which 
are  about  twenty  miles  from  Pownalborough,  where,  and  in  the 
neighborhood  of  which,  Mr.  Bailey  finds  so  full  Employment, 
that  he  can  afford  the  Petitioners  but  a  very  small  Proportion 
of  his  Service,  and  that  to  the  Detriment  of  the  Places  contigu 
ous  to  his  Settled  Abode.     In  Hopes  of  this  further  Increase 
11 


82  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1765. 

of  the  Society's  Compassion,  they  have  begun  to  build  a 
Church,  which  is  now  in  great  Forwardness,  and  engage,  in 
their  present  low  and  laborious  State,  to  give  the  Missionary 
the  Society  shall  be  pleased  to  send,  £20  Sterling  per  Annum, 
build  him  a  Parsonage  House,  and,  as  their  Circumstances 
enlarge,  give  him,  from  Time  to  Time,  such  further  encourage 
ment  as  may  be  Proof  how  highly  they  value  the  Blessing 
they  now  petition  for." 

This  petition  is  accompanied  by  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Caner,  minister  of  the  King's  Chapel,  in  Boston,  dated  June 
10th,  1762,  certifying  that  "the  above  is  a  faithful  and  modest 
account  of  the  Condition  of  the  People  on  Kennebeck  River, 
and  especially  at  George  Town,  where  Mr.  Bailey's  greatest 
Diligence  is  utterly  insufficient  to  answer  the  pressing  Neces 
sities  of  that  People  in  regard  to  the  Means  of  Publick  Wor 
ship,  and  begging  such  Assistance  as  their  Circumstances  do 
truly  call  for." 

In  1764,  an  Episcopal  Church  was  formed  in  Falmouth, 
now  Portland,  Maine. 

But  few  materials  remain  for  writing  a  detailed  account  of 
Mr.  Bailey's  life  during  the  next  five  years.*  That  he  was 
active  and  devoted  to  the  duties  of  his  Mission,  appears  from 
his  reports  to  the  Society,  in  which  he  gives  the  number  of 
baptisms  and  of  additions  to  the  Communion.  In  conse 
quence  of  the  want  of  a  parsonage,  he  became  a  tenant  of 
others,  and  was  obliged  to  remove  his  family  more  than  once 
during  this  period,  and  a  larger  part  of  the  time  he  resided  in 
Richmond,  while  the  services  of  the  Church  were  performed, 
and  most  of  his  parishioners  resided  in  Pownalborough,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

From  the  2d  volume  of  "  The  Works  of  John  Adams,"  it 
seems  that  he  made  a  journey  to  Pownalborough,  in  the  sum 
mer  of  1765.  No  mention  is  made  of  the  object  of  this  jour 
ney.  As  Mr.  Adams  was  then  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  it  is 
to  be  presumed  that  his  visit  to  these  eastern  parts  might  have 

*  See  note  G. 


1766.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  83 

been,  to  attend  to  some  case  to  be  tried  at  the  term  of  the  court 
held  at  Pownalborough.  Mr.  Adams,  it  will  be  remembered, 
was  a  classmate  of  Mr.  B. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Bailey, 
and  dated  Boston,  May  17th,  1766,  is  of  interest,  as  concern 
ing  the  history  of  the  Church  in  New  England:*  "  I  must 
inform  you  that  the  Clergy  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  Towns, 
having  been  together  some  time  ago,  upon  a  special  occasion,1 
agreed  upon  a  voluntary  annual  Convention  of  the  whole  Clergy 
of  this  Province,  to  which  the  Bishop  of  London  has  since  given 
his  Sanction.  The  day  appointed  for  this  year  is  the  first 
Wednesday  in  June,  on  which  day  there  will  be  a  Sermon 
preached  before  them  at  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town  ;  at  which 
you  are  desired  to  be  present,  and  to  dine  with  me  after  Ser 
mon.  As  you  have  few  opportunities  of  meeting  and  convers 
ing  with  your  Brethren,  I  doubt  not  you  will  cheerfully  lay 
hold  of  this,  and  take  the  benefit  of  the  brotherly  correspond 
ence  and  advice  which  such  an  occasion  affords. 

"  I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

"  Your  aflfec.  Bro.  and  humble  Servant, 

«  H.  CANER." 

In  his  letter  to  the  Society,  in  1766,  he  makes  the  following 
statement :  "  A  great  number  of  Indians  frequent  this  Neigh 
bourhood.  They  are  the  Remains  of  the  ancient  Norridge- 
walk  Tribe,  and  lead  a  rambling  Life.  They  support  them 
selves  entirely  by  hunting,  are  very  savage  in  their  Dress  and 
Manners,  have  a  Language  of  their  own,  but  universally  speak 

*  "  We  have  now  to  remark  the  commencement  of  efforts  for  the  better  organiza 
tion  of  the  Church.  It  had  been  determined  by  the  clergy,  who  followed  the  remains 
of  Dr.  Cutler  to  the  grave,  in  1765,  to  have  an  annual  convention  at  Boston,  with  a 
view  to  promote  mutual  love  and  harmony  among  themselves,  and  to  assist  each  other 
with  advice  in  difficult  cases.  The  plan  was  approved  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and 
the  first  meeting  took  place  in  June,  1766.  The  appearance  of  fourteen  clergymen, 
walking  in  their  gowns  and  cassocks  in  procession  to  Church,  was  a  novelty  in  America 
at  that  time,  and  was  calculated  to  create  an  impression  of  the  importance  of  the 
body  to  which  they  belonged.  Dr.  Caner,  who  was  appointed  moderator,  preached  the 
first  sermon  in  King's  Chapel."  f 

t  Macgilchist,  June  27,  1766. 

Haickins'  Missions  of  the  Church  of  England,  p.  234. 


84  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1767. 

French,  and  also  profess  the  Romish  Religion,  and  visit  Canada 
once  or  twice  a  Year  for  Absolution.  They  have  a  great 
Aversion  to  the-  English  Nation,  chiefly  owing  to  the  Influence 
of  Roman  Catholick  Missionaries,  who,  instead  of  endeavour 
ing  to  reform  their  Morals,  comply  with  them  in  their  most 
extravagant  Vices,  and  teach  them  that  nothing  is  necessary 
to  eternal  Salvation,  but  to  believe  in  the  Name  of  Christ,  to 
acknowledge  the  Pope,  his  holy  Vicar,  and  to  extirpate  the 
English,  because  they  cruelly  murdered  the  Saviour  of  Man 
kind.  He  concludes  one  of  his  Letters  with  a  Detail  of  the 
great  Things  Dr.  Gardiner,  a  Physician  of  Boston,  has  done, 
and  is  doing,  for  the  Church  of  England  in  these  Parts;  par 
ticularly  his  generosity  in  giving  the  People  of  Pownalborough 
the  use  of  Richmond  House  and  Farm  seven  Years,  for  Mr. 
Bailey's  Improvement;  his  subscribing  largely,  and  soliciting 
a  Subscription  for  building  them  a  Church  and  Parsonage 
House;  his  publishing,  at  his  own  Expense,  an  Edition  of 
Bishop  Beveridge's  Sermon  on  the  Excellency  of  the  Common 
Prayer,  which  has  been  dispersed  to  good  Purpose ;  his  inten 
tion  to  give  a  Glebe,  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  House, 
and  endow  it  for  the  support  of  an  Episcopal  Minister,  at 
Gardner's  Town." 

"From  Sept.  26th,  1764,  to  Sept.  29th,  1765,  Mr.  Bailey 
baptized  43  Infants  and  3  Adults ;  and  from  Sept.  29th,  1765, 
to  Sept.  23d,  1766,  baptized  38  Infants  and  1  Adult ;  and  in 
each  Year  had  an  Addition  of  2  new  Communicants." 

The  clergy  of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  met  in  con^_ 
veniion  in  Boston,  June  6th,  1767.  They  drew  up  a  report  to 
the  Venerable  Society,  which  contained  notices  of  several 
missions  in  those  provinces.  This  report,  which  was  dated 
June  7th,  concluded  with  an  earnest  appeal  to  the  Society  for 
American  bishops.  Mr.  Bailey  signed  this  paper,  with  thirteen 
others  of  his  clerical  brethren.* 

Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  his  brother-in-law,  Rev.  J.  Wingate 
Weeks,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblehead,  Mass., 
under  date  of  November  13th,  1767,  as  follows  :  "  I  find  the 


*  Hawkins'  Historical  Notices,  etc.,  p.  396. 


1767.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  85 

treasurers  at  Georgetown  are  determined  to  prevent  us  from 
drawing  the  rates  belonging  to  the  Church  people,  unless  we 
can  recover  them  by  a  law-suit.  By  what  I  can  find  out,  there 
are  £400  or  £500  already  in  their  hands." 

The  original  Presbyterian,  or  Congregational  Society,  in 
Georgetown,  was  destitute  of  a  minister  for  thirteen  years, 
commencing  with  1752.  During  that  time,  it  had  been  in 
debted  to  missionaries  of  the  Church  of  England  for  all  the 
regular  religious  services  which  it  enjoyed.  The  place  was 
especially  included  in  the  mission  on  the  eastern  frontiers  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  and  was  visited  by  Mr.  Bailey  and  his 
predecessor,  as  often  as  was  practicable.  Indeed,  Mr.  Bailey 
states  that  he  had  "  frequently  preached  there,  and  adminis 
tered  the  Sacraments,  and  found  the  Dissenters  so  much  in 
clined  to  the  Church,  that  had  they  a  Missionary  resident, 
they  would  probably  come  over  to  it." 

Under  such  circumstances,  the  withholding  of  these  rates, 
contributed  by  the  people,  to  whom  the  town  was  indebted  for 
the  ordinances  of  religion  during  a  considerable  part  of  so 
long  a  time,  seems  to  be  inexcusable. 

Under  date  of  October  30th,  1767,  Mr.  Bailey,  in  his  report 
to  the  Society  P.  G.,  etc.,  "expresses  his  Satisfaction  to  find 
that  the  poor  People,  who  petitioned  the  Society  for  a  Minis 
ter,  continue  steady  to  the  Church,  as  do  the  poor  Lutherans 
and  Calvinists,  and  most  of  the  young  People  among  the 
other  various  Denominations.  From  Oct.,  1766,  to  Oct.,  1767, 
he  baptized  31  Infants  and  1  Adult,  and  had  an  Addition  of  2 
new  Communicants." 

The  Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  wrote  Mr.  Bailey, 
towards  the  close  of  the  present  year,  and  stated  that  he  had 
been  informed,  by  a  person  who  had  visited  Pownalborough 
some  months  before,  that  the  Church  people  in  that  town  "had 
not  yet  procured  a  house  for  him  to  live  in,  nor  had  hardly 
done  anything  in  pursuance  of  their  engagements  to  the  So 
ciety."  He  gives  Mr.  Bailey  credit  for  "his  great  tenderness 
for  his  people,  in  not  making  any  mention  of  this  matter." 
Fearing  that  this  delinquency  might  have  "  put  Mr.  Bailey  to 
some  difficulties,  and  desirous  to  give  him  some  present  relief, 
the  Society  ordered  him  a  gratuity  of  Ten  Pounds." 


86  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1769. 

In  the  course  of  the  next  year,  Mr.  Bailey  received  an  invi 
tation  to  remove  to  Amesbury,  Mass.,  and  to  take  charge  of 
the  Church  there.  Many  considerations  must  have  conspired 
to  induce  him  to  accept  this  invitation,  yet  he  decided  to  re 
main  in  that  remote  region,  among  the  poor  people  to  whom 
he  had  ministered  nearly  eight  years. 

The  Rev.  William  Willard  Wheeler  entered  upon  the  Mis 
sion  in  Georgetown,  during  the  summer  of  this  year,  and  thus 
relieved  Mr.  Bailey  of  some  of  the  labor  imposed  upon  him, 
in  visiting  and  officiating  at  a  place  some  miles  from  his  resi 
dence. 

Some  measures  appear  to  have  been  taken,  in  1769,  towards 
the  erection  of  a  Church  in  Pownalborough.  Dr.  Silvester 
Gardiner  interested  himself  much  in  the  enterprise.  He  solic 
ited  subscriptions,  and  himself  contributed  largely.  In  a  let 
ter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  accompanying  the  plans,  Dr.  Gardiner  says 
of  the  proposed  building:  "It  will  be  one  of  the  prettiest  in  the 
Province,  and  not  expensive,  and  a  bigger  one  you  can't  build." 

The  prospect  of  the  erection  of  a  Church  in  Pownalborough, 
seems  to  have  excited  the  opposition  of  a  few  of  the  citizens. 
The  following  letter  sufficiently  explains  itself:  — 

"  POWNALBOROUGH,  March  21st,  1769. 
"  To  Rev.  Mr.  Walter,  Boston : 

"DEAR  SIR:  —  The  bearer  of  this  letter,  Mr.  Ridall,  was  edu 
cated  a  Lutheran,  but  has,  for  some  years  past,  been  a  com 
municant  in  the  Church  of  England.  He  appeared  well 
affected  to  our  worship,  till  the  Dissenters  lately  insinuated 
that  the  constitution,  discipline  and  worship  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  agree  almost  exactly  with  the  Independants  of  this 
country,  and  are  in  no  respect  like  the  Church  of  England. 
He  cannot  read  English,  but  understands  German  very  well, 
and  by  perusing  some  authors  in  that  language,  declares  him 
self  satisfied  with  the  Church,  but  entreats  the  favor  that  you 
would,  by  a  line,  signify  which  is  nearer  to  the  Lutherans,  the 
Independants,  or  the  Church  of  England,  that  he  may  show 
it  for  the  satisfaction  of  his  countrymen  here,  who  are  willing 
to  abide  by  your  determination." 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  87 

The  building  of  the  church  was  delayed  from  some  unex 
plained  cause,  and  it  was  not  finished  till  the  autumn  of  the 
succeeding  year.  Mr.  Bailey  writes,  under  date  of  November 
5th,  1770 :  "  We  performed  service  yesterday  in  our  new 
Church.  The  outside  is  completely  finished,  the  windows 
glazed  and  put  up,  the  floor  laid,  and  a  temporary  pulpit  built. 
I  had  a  full  congregation,  and  gave  them  a  discourse  from 
Ecclesiastes  v.  1  and  2  verses."  The  church  was  called  St. 
John's  Church,  Pownalborough.  In  writing  to  the  Society  in 
England,  he  says :  "  The  dimensions  of  the  Church  are  sixty 
feet  in  length,  including  the  chancel,  and  thirty-two  feet  in 
breadth.  1  acknowledge  not  only  the  generosity  of  Dr.  Gar- ' 
diner,  but  also  the  charitable  assistance  of  several  gentlemen 
in  Marblehead,  and  other  places.  *  *  •  I  have  received  no 
support,  except  the  Society's  salary,  for  two  years  past,  arid 
have,  besides,  been  at  considerable  expense  in  forwarding  the 
Church."  And  again,  speaking  of  the  Church,  he  states  that 
"  they  were  much  obliged  for  it  to  the  liberality  of  Dr.  Gard 
iner,  who  gave  £50  sterling  towards  it.  He  has  also  built  a  \ 
Church  at  Gardiner's  Town,  nine  miles  up  the  river,  upon  the  ' 
banks  of  which  are  near  300  families,  destitute  of  the  public 
worship." 

The  Church  at  Pownalborough  was,  at  this  time,  only  fitted 
temporarily  for  public  worship.  The  pews  were  afterwards 
erected.  On  the  17th  March,  1771,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Dr. 
Gardiner :  "  I  would  submit  to  your  consideration,  whether  it 
may  not  be  proper  to  have  something  done  to  our  Altar  place, 
(sic,)  that  the  Sacrament  may  be  administered  with  greater 
decency.  You  doubtless  recollect,  that  when  I  waited  upon 
your  Church  Committee  at  Mr.  Powell's,  Mr.  Gilbert  Deblois 
promised  that  he  would  give  us  a  Christening  Basin  and  Ves 
sels  for  the  Communion.  Would  it  be  amiss  to  remind  him 
of  it  ?  " 

Late  in  the  fall  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  writes :  "  We  have 
been  removed  into  the  parsonage-house  this  fortnight,  and 
have  one  room  already  very  comfortable.  We  have  been 
obliged  to  board  the  workmen,  and  must  still  keep  them  till 
they  have  done  another  room,  and  secured  us  from  the  wea- 


88  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1771. 

ther."  In  another  letter,  he  feels  called  upon  to  mention  the 
"kindness  of  the  people  since  my  settlement  among  them," 
i.  e.,  removal  into  the  parsonage-house,  "for  you  must  under 
stand  that  I  lived,  heretofore,  out  of  the  Parish." 

The  Memoir  of  Mr.  Bailey  has  now  been  brought  up  to 
what  may,  perhaps,  be  considered  as  a  turning  point  in  that 
part  of  his  life  which  was  passed  on  the  Kennebec.  We  have 
presented  but  a  brief  sketch  of  his  history  during  the  first 
eleven  years  of  his  Mission.  This  brevity  has  been  caused  by 
the  absence  of  any  very  striking  events  during  this  time.  But 
an  opportunity  is  afforded,  at  this  stage  of  his  history,  to  take 
a  general  view  of  men  and  things  around  him,  from  the  time 
of  his  coming.  The  materials  for  this  view  are  to  be  found, 
mainly,  in  one  of  his  MSS.,  written,  probably,  in  1771.  It  is 
entitled,  "  Some  Account  of  the  first  Mission  on  Kennebec 
River,  with  various  transactions  relative  to  the  same,  since  my 
arrival,  in  1760.  In  a  letter  to  a  friend." 

Speaking  of  the  condition  of  the  inhabitants  in  these  east 
ern  regions,  when  he  first  came  among  them,  Mr.  Bailey  says: 
"  The  people  were  thinly  settled  along  the  banks  of  rivers,  in 
a  country  which  afforded  a  rugged  and  disagreeable  prospect; 
were,  in  general,  so  poor,  not  to  say  idle,  that  their  families 
almost  suffered  for  necessary  food  and  clothing,  and  they  lived 
in  miserable  huts,  which  scarce  afforded  them  shelter  from  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather  in  a  rigorous  climate.  And  their 
lodgings  were  rather  worse  than  food,  clothing,  or  habitations. 
I  might  here  add  many  affecting  instances  of  their  extreme 
poverty,  —  that  multitudes  of  children  are  obliged  to  go  bare 
foot  through  the  whole  winter,  with  hardly  clothes  to  cover 
their  nakedness,  —  that  half  the  houses  were  without  any 
chimneys,  —  that  many  people  had  no  other  beds  than  a  heap 
of  straw,  —  and  whole  families  had  scarce  anything  to  subsist 
upon,  for  months  together,  except  potatoes,  roasted  in  the 
ashes.  % 

"  Now,  is  it  probable,  that  the  inhabitants  of  such  a  wilder 
ness  country,  in  such  necessitous  circumstances,  and  so  far 
distant  from  any  large  town,  or  cultivated  region,  should  find 
means,  either  to  support  the  Gospel,  or  to  provide  proper 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  89 

instruction  for  their  children  ?  Besides,  those  who  were  born 
and  educated  in  these  remote  parts,  were  so  little  acquainted 
with  any  religious  worship,  and  had  so  long  enjoyed  their 
native  ignorance,  that  they  discovered  hardly  any  inclination 
for  rational  or  moral  improvement.  It  is  true,  that  these  peo 
ple  had  either  been  brought  up,  heretofore,  where  the  Christian 
religion  had  been  enjoyed,  or  were  born  of  such  parents  as 
acknowledged  the  Gospel;  but  how  many  melancholy  in 
stances  have  I  observed  of  this  truth,  —  the  impressions  of 
religion  and  morality  will  quickly  grow  faint,  or  entirely  vanish, 
where  neither  schools  or  Divine  service  are  maintained.  This 
I  most  positively  affirm,  that  when  I  came  to  this  country,  j 
there  was  no  settled  minister  of  any  denomination  in  the 
whole  extensive  territory.  I  found  Christians  of  eight  differ 
ent  persuasions;  multitudes  could  neither  read  nor  write; 
heads  of  families  were  unbaptized  ;  some  had  a  very  weak  and 
imperfect  notion  of  a  future  state,  and  fancied  that  they  should 
enjoy  their  wives  and  children  in  another  world;  many,  I  may 
add,  most  houses  were  destitute  of  Bibles,  or  any  other  books; 
they  had  no  settled  principles  ;  and,  in  short,  their  morals  were 
extremely  deficient.  *  *  *  *  I  would  therefore  ask  all 
sober,  candid,  and  impartial  Christians,  whether  a  people,  so 
much  under  the  dominion  of  poverty,  ignorance  and  immo 
rality,  were  not  proper  objects  of  charity,  and  whether  the 
Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  has  done 
any  injury  by  supporting  a  Mission  for  so  many  years,  and  for 
dispersing,  by  my  hands,  Bibles  and  other  pious  books,  to  the 
amount  of  above  £30  sterling,  prime  cost,  in  London?  *  * 
"  And,  I  would  further  remark,  that,  as  no  other  worship 
has  ever  been  established  at  Frankfort,  but  that  of  the  Eng 
lish  Church,  it  cannot  be  removed  without  prejudice  to  the 
foreigners,  as  well  as  the  children  and  younger  people,  who 
have  been  constantly  used  to  our  service,  and,  as  many  of  them, 
cannot  read  English,  they  are  incapable  of  understanding,  so 
as  to  profit  by  any  other.  I  am  conscious  that  my  intentions 
in  coming  among  this  people,  were  to  serve  them  in  the  best 
manner  I  was  able,  and  I  flatter  myself  that  in  many  instances 
they  have  received  some  advantage.  I  have  ever  compassion- 
12 


90  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1771. 

ated  their  poverty,  and  have  been  so  far  from  making  any 
demands  upon  them,  that  I  have  shared  with  them  in  many 
hardships  and  difficulties.  As  to  the  French  and  Dutch,  I 
have  found  them,  in  general,  a  sober,  honest  and  industrious 
set  of  people;  and,  notwithstanding  some  have  been  induced 
to  sign  for  a  Meeting,  yet  they  all,  except  one  or  two  Calvin- 
ists,  declare  that  they  had  rather  adhere  to  the  Church,  and 
besides,  they  acknowledge  that  their  ministers,  when  they  left 
Germany,  strongly  recommended  their  joining,  if  possible, 
with  the  Church  of  England.  It  appears,  upon  the  whole, 
very  hard,  and  is  just  matter  of  complaint,  that  in  a  land  of 
religious  liberty,  and  under  a  government  where  all  religions 
are  tolerated,  any  should  be  teased  and  persecuted  on  account 
of  their  particular  modes  of  worship.  Yet  this  is  really  the 
case  at  Pownalborough ;  for,  can  a  poor,  ignorant  man  be  at 
liberty  to  act  his  sentiments,  when  he  is  continually  persuaded, 
entreated,  reasoned  with,  and  perhaps  threatened,  by  a  gentle 
man  of  learning,  wealth  and  influence,  to  whom  he  may  pro 
bably  be  indebted  ? 

"  As  I  observed  before,  upon  my  first  arrival  in  this  country, 
I  found  no  settled  minister,  and  not  only  a  great  deal  of  igno 
rance,  but  a  considerable  degree  of  backwardness  and  indispo 
sition  to  attend  Divine  service  among  people  of  every  denomi 
nation.  This  was  partly  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  travelling, 
partly  to  the  want  of  decent  clothing,  but  chiefly,  I  conceive, 
to  the  want  of  a  due  sense  of  religious  worship,  for  such  as 
had  been  used  to  spend  the  Lord's  day  in  idleness  and  loiter 
ing  at  home,  could  not  suddenly  prevail  upon  themselves  to 
reform,  especially  as  there  was  some  difficulty  and  expense  in 
the  affair.  Few  had,  however,  much  to  object  against  the 
Church  of  England,  and  I  was  frequently  assured,  by  the  old 
est  and  most  religious  settlers,  that  if  Missions  were  estab 
lished  at  convenient  distances,  especially  upon  Kennebec 
Elver,  in  such  a  manner  as  people  might  generally  attend  ser 
vice,  that  it  would  meet  with  almost  universal  acceptance,  and 
conduce  greatly  to  serve  the  interest  of  religion  and  morality. 
These  sentiments,  so  often  proposed,  together  with  the  increas 
ing  demand  for  my  .labors,  induced  me  to  write  in  favor  of 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  91 

new  Missions,  and  at  length  one  was  established  at  George 
town.  While  I  resided  at  Frankfort,  I  observed,  with  concern 
and  compassion,  that  the  French  and  Dutch  children  were 
likely  to  be  brought  up  in  ignorance,  for  want  of  a  school. 
This  induced  me  to  offer  to  instruct  them  gratis,  but  travel 
ling  was  then  so  very  difficult,  and  many  were  in  such  neces 
sitous  circumstances,  that  I  had  but  a  very  few  scholars,  and 
when  winter  came  on,  nothing  of  this  kind  could  be  continued, 
and  in  the  spring,  I  was  obliged  to  change  my  lodgings,  and 
reside  at  Richmond,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  The  first 
summer  of  my  Mission,  I  officiated  at  Georgetown  every  third 
Sunday,  and  was  constrained  to  endure  a  great  deal  of  hard 
ship  and  fatigue,  being  obliged  to  travel  by  water  no  less  than 
eighteen  miles.  Once,  I  remember,  on  the  last  of  November,  , 
after  being  eight  hours  on  the  water,  in  my  way  to  George 
town,  without  anything  either  to  eat  or  drink,  it  was  my  mis 
fortune  to  be  lost  in  the  woods,  where  I  was  exposed  all  night 
in  the  open  air  to  a  most  severe  storm  of  wind,  rain,  thunder 
and  lightning.  And  commonly,  in  my  journeys  to  and  from 
Georgetown,  I  suffered  a  great  deal  with  hunger,  cold  and  wet, 
and  in  the  summer,  was  often  afflicted  with  extreme  heat,  and 
assaulted  with  armies  of  flies  and  rnusketoes.  Sometimes, 
for  a  whole  season  together,  I  have  been  obliged  to  undertake 
this  little,  but  difficult  voyage,  alone,  —  have  had  the  misfor 
tune  to  be  cast  away  by  the  violence  of  winds  and  waves,  and 
to  travel,  for  miles  together,  through  the  woods,  over  rocks  and 
precipices,  with  my  books  and  habit,  having  nothing  to  eat 
from  morning  to  night.  I  think  every  one  must  acknowledge 
that  it  required  no  small  degree  of  resolution,  prudence  and 
patience,  as  well  as  strength  of  constitution,  to  conduct  mat 
ters  properly  among  such  an  ignorant  and  unsteady  people, 
and  to  go  through  the  fatigues  of  travelling  in  such  a  rough 
and  wilderness  country." 

Had  Mr.  Bailey  been  obliged  to  contend  only  with  the  igno 
rance  of  the  poor  people  among  whom  he  was  settled,  he 
might  have  pursued  his  arduous  labors  with  some  satisfaction. 
Like  others,  who  have  addressed  themselves  to  the  work  of 
extending  the  Gospel  to  those  who  were  benighted,  he  would 


92  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1771. 

have  been  cheered  with  the  evident,  though  perhaps  gradual, 
improvement  of  the  subjects  of  his  charge,  and  he  could  die 
content,  in  the  consciousness  of  having  labored  in  the  early 
stages  of  a  work,  which  others  might  be  privileged  to  carry  on 
towards  perfection.  He  could  look  for  an  increasing  attach 
ment  on  the  part  of  those  for  whose  benefit  he  had  sacrificed 
so  much,  and  feel  that  he  would  be  loved  while  living,  and 
that  his  memory  would  be  revered  when  he  was  dead. 

But  the  establishment  of  the  courts  in  Pownalborough,  in 
1761,  introduced  a  new  element  into  the  society  of  the  place. 
The  shire  town  became  the  temporary  or  settled  residence  of 
the  county  officers,  and  gentlemen  of  the  legal  profession. 
This  at  once  created  an  aristocracy,  small  indeed  in  numbers, 
but  of  controlling  influence.  In  education,  property,  and 
power,  these  persons  had  immensely  the  advantage  of  the 
poor  settlers.  True,  the  minister  was  entitled  to  rank  with 
this  class.  If  he  could,  consistently  with  his  duty,  think  and 
act  with  them,  his  situation  would  be  pleasant.  But  if  he  felt 
obliged  to  differ  from  them,  they  could  render  his  situation 
very  uncomfortable. 

We  should  bear  in  mind,  as  accounting,  in  some  degree,  for 
what  is  to  follow,  that  the  scene  of  the  transactions  was  on 
the  extremity  of  the  then  Province  of  Massachusetts,  and  that 
from  the  difficulty  of  travelling  in  those  days,  it  was  further, 
practically,  from  Boston,  than  it  now  is  from  the  capital  of  the 
nation. 

This  remoteness  from  communities  of  greater  advancement, 
which  almost  amounted  to  isolation,  permitted  a  great  abuse 
of  power.  Amid  the  poverty  which  so  generally  prevailed  in 
this  region,  few  would  dare  to  oppose,  in  any  way,  the  wishes 
of  men  of  wealth  and  influence,  to  whom,  perhaps,  many  were 
indebted  for  supplies  for  their  families,  and  who,  having  a  part 
in  the  administration  of  the  law,  might  harass  and  even  ruin 
an  obnoxious  individual.  Mr.  Bailey  found  this  to  be  true. 
It  was  his  misfortune  to  incur  the  ill-will  of  some  of  these 
officials.  Two,  in  particular,  distinguished  themselves  by  their 
enmity  to  him.  One  of  them  was  excited  mainly,  no  doubt, 
by  the  other,  who,  it  would  seem,  left  but  little  untried  to  ruin 


1772.]  LIFE     OF     RET.     JACOB     BAILEY.  93 

Mr.  Bailey,  and  to  break  up  the  Church  in  that  region.  The 
names  of  these  persons  will  not  be  given.  In  withholding  their 
names,  the  writer  is  aware  that  there  is  no  want  of  provocation 
to  a  different  course.  The  conduct  of  the  persons  spoken  of, 
while  it  distressed  the  missionary  in  this  region,  had  of  neces 
sity  no  small  effect  on  the  interests  of  the  Church.  As  it  will 
be  necessary,  frequently,  to  refer  to  these  persons,  we  shall 
designate  the  principal  as  M.  and  his  subordinate  as  N. 

Mr.  Bailey  records  some  of  the  doings  of  M.  in  his  journals. 
He  brings  charges  against  him  of  ungentlemanly  and  even 
indecent  conduct,  and  of  oppression,  in  his  letters  to  his  cor 
respondents,  some  of  whom,  at  least,  were  acquainted  with  the 
subject  of  these  charges.  He  makes  distinct  statements  re 
specting  this  man  in  his  reports  to  the  Society  for  Propagating 
the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  and  complains  grievously  of  him 
by  name  in  a  memorial  addressed  to  the  Convention  in  Boston, 
in  1772.  Not  a  line  is  found  among  Mr.  Bailey's  papers, 
which  tends  to  show  that  his  opinion  of  M.  was  a  mistaken 
one.  Those  of  his  correspondents  who  possessed  the  means 
of  correcting  these  statements  if  they  were  erroneous,  make  no 
attempt  to  do  so,  and  the  inference  is  that  they  were  correct. 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  "  A  Letter  to  a  friend,"  &c.,  which  has  been 
before  quoted  :  "  As  I  presently  found  that  M.  still  professed 
himself  a  Dissenter,  I  seldom  entered  into  any  controversy 
with  him  about  our  different  persuasions,  and  he  as  cautiously 
avoided  beginning  any  dispute  with  me.  He  used  sometimes 
to  attend  Divine  Service,  but  more  frequently  tarried  at  home, 
and  when  he  attended,  commonly  behaved  with  a  great  deal 
of  irreverence,  especially  at  prayers."  ****"!  had, 
presently,  sufficient  evidence  that  he  used  all  his  endeavours  to 
prejudice  the  minds  of  the  people  against  the  services  of  the 
Church,  that  he  condemned  several  parts  as  directly  contrary 
to  Scripture,  and  made  an  open  ridicule  of  others,  which  he 
was  not  able  to  confute.  And  when  I  received  a  number  of 
Common  Prayer  Books  from  the  Society,  he  took  the  liberty 
to  scratch  out  several  sentences  in  all  that  he  could  procure  to 
his  hands."  *  *  "  From  the  beginning,  as  I  have  already 
observed,  he  was  very  negligent  in  his  attendance  upon  public 


94  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1772. 

worship,  and  when  present,  he  generally  behaved  with  great 
indecency,  contriving,  by  a  multitude  of  boyish  tricks,  to  make 
the  women  smile ;  and  sometimes  he  has  taken  a  primer,  instead 
of  a  Prayer  Book,  and  read  out  of  it  with  an  audible  voice. 
M.  was  always  extremely  industrious  in  procuring  from 
Boston,  and  other  places,  all  the  little,  dirty  pieces  that  have 
appeared  against  the  Church  of  England,  especially  '  The 
Dissenting  Gentleman's  Answer  to  Mr.  White's  three  Letters,'* 
the  very  title  of  which  affrighted  simple  people  from  the  Church, 
and  prevented  them  from  attending  the  service.  These  books 
he  used  to  recommend  and  put  into  the  hands  of  all  disaffected 
persons."  *  *  *  "  Many  low,  dirty,  and  scandalous  remarks 
have  been  written  by  this  gentleman,  both  in  the  great  Bible 
and  Common  Prayer  Book,  used  in  Divine  service.  Instead 
of  money,  M.  used  often  to  put  into  the  contribution  box,  soap, 
scraps  of  paper,  news  letters,  and  once  a  pack  of  cards.  It  is 
to  be  observed  that  all  this  was  done  before  the  least  difference 
subsisted  between  us.  I  bore  all  this,  with  many  personal 
reflections,  without  expressing  the  least  resentment,  either  to 
him,  or  to  any  other  person."  *  *  ",M.  took  the  liberty  of 
dispersing  several  Common  Prayer  Books,  without  my  knowl 
edge,  having  first  corrected  them  agreeable  to  his  taste,  and 
when  I  afterwards  reproved  him  for  the  liberty  he  had  taken 
with  me,  both  in  a  public  and  private  capacity,  he  replied  that 
he  had  treated  me  just  as  I  deserved,  and  as  for  those  things 
he  had  erased  from  the  Prayer  Book,  they  ought  not  to  be  in 
it.  This  he  attended  with  a  loud  and  contemptuous  laugh  ; 
but  these  were  but  the  beginnings  of  that  temper  and  disposi 
tion  of  mind  he  has  since  discovered.  He  has  laboured  all  in 
his  power  to  ruin  my  interest,  to  prevent  my  usefulness  among 
the  people  ;  he  has  unjustly  and  falsely  wounded  my  reputa 
tion  ;  has  been  contriving  to  make  the  most  fatal  mischief  in 
my  family,  and  labouring  to  stir  up  lawsuits  against  me.  And 
that  he  might  more  effectually  accomplish  his  iniquitous  de- 


*  This  work  must  hare  had  a  wide-spread  circulation,  since  the  Rev.  Devereux 
Jarrat  states  that  at  the  time  his  attention  was  turned  towards  the  ministry  of  the 
Church  of  England,  this  book  was  put  into  his  hands,  in  Virginia,  the  place  of  his 
residence. 


1772.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  95 

signs,  did,  in  my  absence  at  Georgetown,  open  my  desk,  and 
take  out  divers  papers,  which  he  spread  abroad  with  invidious 
remarks  and  comments,  to  my  great  damage.  As  to  N.,  he 
was  once  a  communicant,  but  it  appears  at  the  instigation  of 
M.,  has  left  the  publick  worship  for  several  years,  and,  though  I 
have  frequently  written  to  him  with  the  utmost  complaisance, 
and  signified  my  earnest  desire  after  a  reconciliation,  yet  he 
still  continues  inexorable,  and  treats  both  me  and  my  letters 
with  the  utmost  contempt.  Upon  the  whole,  I  am  fully  con 
vinced  that  the  above  mentioned  gentlemen  have  always, 
notwithstanding  their  pretensions,  been  enemies  to  the  Church  ; 
have,  in  artful  manner,  plotted  against  the  Society's  Mission, 
and  secretly  endeavoured  to  banish  that  generous  bounty  from 
these  parts." 

"  I  have  never  received  any  salary  from  the  people.  My 
perquisites,  such  as  marriages,  contributions,  &c.,  have  not 
amounted,  take  one  year  with  another,  to  £50,  old  tenor,  and 
the  last  two  years  they  have  not  been  £20,  besides  presents 
from  particular  persons,  which  is  not  so  much  as  I  have  to  pay 
for  house  rent.  I  had,  indeed,  the  improvement  of  Richmond 
Farm,  through  the  bounty  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  for  seven  years,' 
but  the  inhabitants  of  Pownalborough,  especially  people  of 
substance,  almost  destroyed  the  whole  profit  by  large  droves 
of  wild,  horses  and  cattle,  which  no  fence  could  resist  which 
we  were  able  to  make.  And  though  Mr.  MacClennachan  was 
paid  for  the  pasturing  of  creatures,  I  never  had  but  one 
dollar,  which  a  poor  man  gave  me,  while  my  rich  neighbours 
never  afforded  me  a  farthing,  even  when  their  cattle  had  de 
stroyed  both  my  hay  and  garden.  Every  winter  since  my 
arrival,  there  has  been  a  proposal  on  foot  for  building  a  meet 
ing-house,  though  they  were  never  able  so  much  as  to  begin, 
before  the  present  year,  and  all  the  success  of  their  proceedings 
is  now  owing  to  the  false  and  malicious  representations  of  two 
or  three  gentlemen.  *  *  I  have  long  been  convinced,  by  the 
proceedings  of  our  gentlemen,  that  it  piques  their  pride  to  have 
any  other  minister  than  one  of  their  own  choosing  ;  they  are 
really  too  self-sufficient  to  receive  one,  even  from  the  most 
respectable  and  judicious  body  of  men,  and  are  above 


96  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1772. 

acknowledging  themselves  indebted  to  any  Society  of  Christ 
ians  for  the  support  of  their  religious  worship.  I  must  add, 
that  both  N.  and  M.  have  long  employed  all  their  influence 
and  authority,  to  prevent  people  from  attending  Divine  Service, 
especially  the  latter,  who  prohibits  his  servants  from  coming 
to  church.  And  they  not  only  contrive  means  to  hinder  others, 
but  have  practiced  a  multitude  of  stratagems  to  keep  me  at 
home,  since  I  moved  over  to  the  western  side  of  the  river,  by 
detaining  every  boat  and  canoe  they  can  get  into  their  power. 
And  especially  last  Easter,  that  I  might  not  be  able  to  officiate, 
they  came  the  Wednesday  before,  with  a  number  of  men  and 
cattle,  broke  two  locks,  seized  a  canoe  in  my  care,  and  carried 
it  off,  it  being  the  only  one  on  this  side  fit  to  launch  into  the 
water  when  the  river  opened.  But  it  is  observable  that  our 
common  people  were  never  disposed  to  follow  the  example  of 
our  gentlemen  ;  they  were,  on  the  other  hand,  abundantly  more 
kind  and  generous  after  their  enmity  began,  and  more  constant 
in  their  attendance  on  publick  worship.  My  congregation,  in 
good  weather,  has  been  near  a  third  larger  since  the  above  left 
going  to  church.  In  a  word,  I  am  persuaded  that  these  gen 
tlemen  had,  from  the  beginning,  a  settled  design  of  driving 
away  the  Mission  from  Pownalborough,  and  in  order  to  effect 
this  meritorious  design,  they  have  stuck  at  nothing,  however 
unjust,  false  and  injurious;  but  as  this  could  not  easily  be 
accomplished,  my  character  and  influence  must  be  sacrificed 
to  their  favorite  views." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  hardly  removed  into  the  parsonage-house, 
(which  was  only  partially  finished,)  when  M.  claimed  the  land 
on  which  both  the  parsonage  and  the  church  were  built,  He 
"proceeded  so  far  as  to  threaten  the  people  if  they  went  to 
church  ;  he  declared  that  he  would  build  a  chimney  in  it,  (i.  e., 
the  church,)  and  place  a  tenant  on  the  land."  The  origin  of 
this  claim  is  somewhat  obscure.  As  near  as- can  now  be  as 
certained,  it  seems  to  have  been  this:  A  person  who  had 
been  an  officer  in  the  Church  at  Pownalborough,  and  whose 
general  conduct,  both  before  and  after  this  transaction,  appears 
to  have  been  friendly,  claimed  the  land,  as  administrator  of 
the  estates  of  some  persons  deceased.  This  is  the  more  re- 


1772.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  97 

markable,  as  Mr.  Bailey  says  not  only  that  "Dr.  Gardiner  put 
me  in  possession  of  the  land  above  two  years  since,"  but  that 
the  administrator  above  referred  to,  "on  my  first  arrival, 
showed  me  this  tract,  as  the  parsonage-lot,  employed  people 
the  next  year  to  work  on' it  as  such,  and  gave  me  leave  to  have 
the  buildings  erected  upon  it."  How  the  claim  was  transferred 
to  M.  does  not  appear.  But  when  it  passed  into  his  hands, 
he  lost  no  time  in  his  efforts  to  obtain  the  land.  A  suit  at  law 
for  its  possession,  instituted  by  M.,  was  decided  in  his  favor, 
and  judgment  was  obtained.  Dr.  Gardiner  was  written  to  on 
the  subject,  who  replied:  "July  22d,  1772.  *  *  If  they 
serve  an  Execution  it  is  at  their  peril,  and  don't  resist  the 
officer,  but  go  to  lodgings,  leaving  everything  in  the  house 
behind  you.  Remember  what  I  now  write;  if  they  serve  an 
Execution  on  your  house,  or  the  Church,  you  will  make  the 
best  voyage  you  ever  did  in  your  life,  for  they  and  all  their 
coadjutors  can  never  make  the  land  where  the  Church  and 

your  house  stands  to  be,  or  ever  was,  any  part  of 's  estate, 

more  than  they  can  prove  the  sun  to  be  green  cheese :  there 
fore  I  beg  to  hear  no  more  of  this  affair,  until  you  are  carried 
by  the  sheriff  out  of  the  house,  and  then  I  will  see  justice 
done  both  to  you  and  the  Church ;  but  this,  you  may  depend, 
will  never  be  attempted." 

Meanwhile,    the    members    of    the    congregation    became 
alarmed    that   the    church    and    parsonage,  which    had    been 
obtained  with  so  much  exertion,  (and,  as  Mr.  Bailey  says,  by 
great  sacrifices  on  their  part,)  should  be  placed  in  a  situation 
apparently  so  perilous.     Influenced,  probably,  by  their  appre 
hensions,  Mr.  Bailey,  being  threatened  by  M.,  concluded  to  take 
a  lease  of  him  for  six  months,  which  was  afterwards  renewed 
for  three   months  longer.      Mr.   Bailey  undoubtedly  believed 
that  this  course  was  the  most  expedient  for  him  to  take.     But 
it  unfortunately  excited  the  anger  of  Dr.  Gardiner.     The  mat 
ter  was  brought  even  before  the  Convention  of  Massachusetts, 
and  caused  some  angry  debate,  but  was  finally  dropped.     Mr. 
Bailey  states,  most  explicitly,  that  he  acted  under  the  advice 
of  judicious  lawyers  in  this  matter,  who,  as  the  case  then  ap- 
13 


98  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1772. 

peared,  thought  that  he  could  not,  on  an  appeal  to  a  higher 
court,  get  the  judgment  reversed.  A  more  accurate  survey, 
afterwards,  showed  that  "the  Church  and  thirty-five  acres  of 
land  were  without  the  limits  of  the  administrator's  claim  ;  the 
parsonage-house  was  found  to  be  on  land  of  which  M.  gave 
him  no  lease,"  while  the  grant  from  the  Plymouth  Company 
was  not  included  in  the  tract  claimed  by  M,  The  matter  was 
shortly  after  settled  by  the  instrumentality  of  Dr.  Gardiner,  and 
the  title  to  the  glebe  was  not  again  disputed. 

Whether  or  not  M.  was  honest  in  his  part  of  this  business, 
cannot  now  be  decided.  The  affair,  however,  gave  Mr.  Bailey 
much  uneasiness,  and  seemed,  at  one  time,  to  be  likely  to  be 
fatal  to  his  prospects.  There  were  not  wanting  circumstances, 
however,  to  encourage  him,  for  he  reports  to  the  Society  "  that  of 
the  forty-nine  persons  baptized  in  the  year  1772,  twenty-one  had 
belonged  to  the  families  of  rigid  Dissenters.  On  Trinity  Sunday 
I  had  five  new  Communicants,  all  educated  Presbyterians." 

Rev.  William  W.  Wheeler  resigned  his  Mission  in  George 
town  in  the  spring  of  1772.  This  not  only  deprived  Mr.  Bailey 
of  the  occasional  counsel  and  assistance  of  the  only  Church 
minister  in  Maine,  but  threw  the  whole  burden  of  that  Mission 
again  upon  him,  from  which  he  had  been  relieved  during  the 
four  years'  incumbency  of  Mr.  Wheeler. 

Rev.  William  Clark,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dedham, 
Mass.,  wrote  Mr.  Bailey,  under  date  of  July  10th,  1772,  with  a 
view  of  obtaining  the  parish  at  Georgetown.  Mr.  C.  was 
induced  to  think  of  this  on  account  of  the  "  support  of  the 
Mission"  at  Dedham,  being,  at  that  time,  "too  scanty,"  and 
likely  thus  to  remain,  till  "  the  estate  in  reversion  "  fell  in. 
Dr.  Caner,  of  Boston,  was  favorable  to  Mr.  Clark's  intentions. 
But  nothing  appears  to  have  been  done  in  the  matter. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Bailey,  is  part  of 
the  early  history  of  a  parish  now  arrived  at  a  condition  of 
much  strength  and  prosperity  :  — 

"  I  have  lately  (August  16th,  1772)  dedicated  the  new 
Church  at  Gardinerstown,  nine  miles  up  the  river,  and  the 
people  are  very  urgent  for  my  preaching  frequently  among 


1773.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  99 

them.  I  have  likewise  received  several  invitations  from 
Georgetown,  but  I  cannot  possibly  answer  all  these  demands 
without  neglecting  my  own  people." 

The  matter  of  M.'s  claim  to  the  glebe  was  arranged  as 
above  stated.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  a  friend,  that  "  the  settle 
ment  of  our  Parsonage  has  given  us  high  spirits,  but  a  mortal 
chagrin  to  our  enemies." 

This  active  persecutor,  however,  was  not  yet  discouraged. 
The  Church  was  incorporated  by  the  General  Court  in  1773, 
and  a  parish  meeting  was  called  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  by 
M.  and  N.,  during  the  absence  of  the  two  wardens  and  of 
Major  Goodwin.  The  warrant  contained  but  two  articles, — 
First:  to  choose  a  moderator.  Second:  to  choose  a  parish 
clerk,  assessors,  and  a  committee  for  managing  parish  affairs. 
All  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants,  legally  qualified  to  vote 
in  town  meetings,  were  required  to  attend.  From  the  titles 
given  to  some  of  the  officers,  e.  g.,  "committee  for  managing 
parish  affairs,"  and  also  from  the  omission  of  names  of  war 
dens  and  vestry,  it  is  evident,  that  this  could  be  no  meeting  of 
the  congregation  attending  the  Church.  As  all  freeholders, 
etc.,  were  notified,  the  intention  manifestly  was,  to  form  a  new 
religious  organization,  —  its  character  to  be  determined  by  the 
majority  of  the  voters  present.  Many  Churchmen  were  "le 
gally  qualified  to  vote  in  town  meetings,"  and  therefore  at 
tended  on  this  occasion,  as  they  had  a  perfect  right  so  to  do. 
M.  was  the  active  spirit  at  this  meeting.  A  moderator  of  his 
own  selection  was  chosen,  who  decided  that  "  no  Churchman 
had  any  right  to  vote."  "  Our  people,"  says  Mr.  Bailey, 
"  though  twenty-four  to  twelve,  offered  to  withdraw  from  their 
meeting,  and  never  more  to  concern  themselves  with  any  parish 
affairs  for  the  future ;  provided,  they  would  agree  not  to  tax  us 
towards  the  Congregational  worship,  but  this  was  utterly 
denied  us."  Upon  the  withdrawal  of  the  Churchmen,  and 
part  of  the  others,  the  business  was  left  in  the  hands  of  eight 
persons.  "  These  dissenters,  though  so  few  in  number,  quar 
relled,  the  same  evening,  among  themselves,  about  fixing  the 
place  for  their  meeting-house;  and  upon  hearing  that  their 
lumber  had  been  seized,  became  wholly  disheartened.  *  *  * 


100  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;  OR,          [1773. 

There  is  not  a  single  word  in  the  warrant  about  a  minister  or 
a  meeting-house." 

This,  which  was  one  of  several  abortive  attempts  to  estab 
lish  the  Congregational  mode  of  worship  in  the  western  part 
of  Pownalborough,  is  spoken  of  here,  that  it  may  be  seen  how 
violent  and  unscrupulous  was  the  opposition  of  a  very  few 
individuals  in  that  place  to  the  Church  of  England. 

Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  a  friend :  "  Rev.  Mr.  Badger  preached 
for  me,  June  20th.  I  have  likewise  had  a  visit  from  Monsieur 
Balele,  Romish  Missionary  to  the  Indians  of  St.  Francis.  We 
have  now  at  our  house,  Monsieur  Naphew,  a  Franciscan  friar, 
from  Brittany,  in  France.  I  have  made  considerable  profi 
ciency  in  the  French  language.  *  *  I  expect  to  preach, 
next  Sunday,  in  a  new  pulpit.  Mrs.  Bailey  has  collected, 
among  the  women,  £15,  O.  T.,  towards  furnishing  the  pulpit- 
cloth,  etc." 

The  report  to  the  Society,  in  October  of  this  year,  contains 
the  following :  "  I  have  baptized,  since  October  last,  fifty-five 
persons,  four  of  them  adults ;  and  notwithstanding  the  violent 
attempts  of  my  inveterate  enemies  to  injure  the  Church,  my 
parish,  at  present,  is  in  flourishing  circumstances.  Our  people 
have  built,  at  their  own  expense,  an  elegant  pulpit  and  reading 
desk,  and  their  wives  and  daughters  have  furnished  it  with  a 
cushion,  and  hangings  of  crimson  damask.  Our  parsonage- 
house  and  land,  which  occasioned  me  so  much  concern  and 
expense,  are  now  redeemed  from  the  power  of  our  enemies, 
and  I  hope  to  enjoy  them  in  peace.  I  would  likewise  beg 
leave  to  recommend  the  people  at  Gardinerstown,  and  the  set 
tlements  above,  on  Kennebeck  river,  to  the  Society,  as  objects 
of  their  charitable  assistance.  They  are  a  mixture  of  various 
denominations,  chiefly  very  poor,  among  which,  numbers  are 
well  disposed  towards  the  Church.  Many  were  formerly  under 
my  care  at  Pownalborough,  and  several,  communicants  of  good 
character.  It  appears  probable,  that  if  a  Missionary  was  fixed 
at  Gardinerstown,  with  proper  encouragements,  the  people,  in 
general,  would  adhere  to  the  Church.  I  have  officiated  twice 
this  summer  at  the  last-mentioned  place,  and,  on  the  18th  of  Au 
gust,  baptized  twenty-two  persons,  eight  of  them  adults.  These 


1774.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  101 

infant  settlements  extend,  from  Pownalborougb,  forty -five  miles 
along  the  river,  and  contain  four  hundred  families,  among  which 
they  have  no  ordained  minister  of  any  denomination,  to  admin 
ister  the  ordinances,  and  to  preserve  a  proper  sense  of  religion. 
But  such  are  the  necessitous  circumstances  of  the  people,  the 
difficulty  of  travelling,  and  the  expense  of  living,  that  no  Mis 
sionary  can  subsist  upon  Kennebeck  river,  with  credit  to  his 
profession,  without  a  liberal  support ;  and  every  difficulty  here 
is  rather  greater,  I  conceive,  than  in  the  adjoining  Province  of 
Nova  Scotia,  where  many  of  the  English  entered  upon  lands 
already  improved  by  the  former  French  inhabitants.  I  would 
further  mention,  that  Dr.  Gardiner,  who  has  erected  a  decent 
Church  at  Gardinerstown,  and  provided  a  glebe,  engages,  be 
sides,  to  give  ten  pounds  sterling,  per  annum.  I  am  obliged 
to  remark,  that  we  are  indebted  to  the  care  and  vigilance  of 
this  gentleman  for  the  redemption  of  our  parsonage  at  Pown- 
alborough,  and  its  present  establishment  upon  a  sure  founda 
tion." 

That  Mr.  Bailey  had  not  lost  his  early  passion  for  writing, 
appears  from  a  statement  which  he  makes,  wherein  he  says : 
"  I  have  almost  finished  a  description  of  the  eastern  country, 
in  three  chapters.  The  first  contains  the  Geography  and 
Natural  History;  the  second,  an  account  of  the  Ancient 
Indians;  and  the  third,  the  most  remarkable  events,  from 
its  discovery  in  1603,  to  the  present  day,  with  a  view  of  its 
late  prodigious  improvements  in  the  character  of  its  inhabit 
ants.  My  account  takes  in  all  the  country  between  Casco 
Bay  and  Nova  Scotia.  I  have  had  unexpected  assistance, 
both  from  gentlemen  and  books."  He  also  states  that  "  two 
gentlemen  have  offered  me  seven  guineas  for  the  copy  of 
Madockawando,  for  the  press,  but  I  refused."  That  his  tem 
poral  prospects  were  brightening  at  this  time,  appears  from 
the  following  extract  from  a  letter  to  a  relative,  in  August  of 
this  year:  "  I  have  a  wealthy  parishioner,  Mr.  Ayling,  from 
England,  who  has  purchased  Richmond  farm,  to  the  amount 
of  sixteen  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  and  is  on  the  spot,  making 
great  improvements." 

In  February  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  visited  the  upper  set- 


102  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1774. 

tlements  on  the  Kennebec,  travelling  the  whole  distance  in  a 
sleigh  on  the  frozen  river.  His  journey  extended  above  Fort 
Halifax,  in  the  present  town  of  Winslow.  Being,  on  Sunday, 
among  these  pioneers,  who,  until  then,  had  had  no  religious 
services,  he  preached  to  a  congregation  of  forty  persons,  and 
in  that  region  he  baptized  seventeen,  whose  names  are  re 
corded  in  his  journals. 

Three  years  had  now  passed  since  Mr.  Bailey  removed  with 
his  family  into  the  parsonage-house,  thus  securing  the  first 
permanent  habitation  which  they  had  enjoyed  since  he  had 
been  in  his  Mission.  While  the  house  was  in  building,  he  had 
enclosed  about  three  acres  for  a  garden,  and  began  imme 
diately  to  cultivate  it  with  great  industry.  Nearly  a  dozen 
pages  in  one  of  his  journals,  are  occupied  with  his  "  Obser 
vations  in  gardening  in  the  Autumn  of  1774,  and  spring  of 
1775."  These  observations  are  curious  in  more  than  one 
respect.  They  note  particularly,  not  only  the  kind  of  seeds 
sown,  and  shrubs  and  trees  transplanted,  but  also  give  each 
day  in  which  the  work  was  done,  state  the  quantity  of  what 
was  put  into  the  ground,  with  the  precise  locality.  It  would 
seem,  from  this  record,  that  there  could  have  been  but  few 
plants,  either  of  the  ornamental  or  useful  kind,  then  known  in 
New  England,  of  which  a  specimen  might  not  be  seen  grow 
ing  near  the  humble  parsonage  of  this  frontier  Missionary. 
The  neighboring  fields  and  forests  were  also  laid  under  contri 
bution,  and  many  wild  flowers  were  mingled  with  the  more 
cultivated  ones.  Even  the  sea  beach  of  his  native  place  had 
furnished  one  of  the  two  or  three  species  of  vegetation  which 
its  arid  sands  can  nourish.  Tradition  confirms,  what  would 
be  surmised  from  his  journals,  that  the  minister's  garden  at 
Pownalborough  had  few  superiors  east  of  Boston. 

The  following  letter,  addressed  to  a  female  friend  a  few 
years  after,  describes  his  residence  at  Pownalborough  :  "  I 
have  at  this  moment  present  to  my  imagination,  those  roman- 
tick  scenes  which  surrounded  my  habitation,  many  of  which 
rose  under  my  eye,  or  were  formed  by  my  conducting  hand, 
while  the  remainder  appear  in  all  their  native  wildness,  and 
are  either  beautifully  irregular,  or  excite  the  ideas  of  admira- 


1774.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY. 


103 


tion  and  honor.  My  dwelling  was  situated  on  the  summit  of 
a  towering  eminence,  between  two  navigable  rivers,  which  dif 
fused  itself  into  an  extensive  plain,  agreeably  diversified  with 


[View  of  the  Parsonage  at  Pownalborough.J 

clumps  of  evergreens,  and  lofty  spreading  trees,  interspersed 
with  grass  plats  and  cultivated  herbage.  Around  the  house 
lay  a  garden,  containing  three  acres,  mostly  on  a  gentle  decliv 
ity  ;  several  regular  squares  and  elegant  parterres  had  been 
created  out  of  the  rocky  and  stubborn  materials,  divided  into 
walks  and  borders,  either  crowded  with  thriving  fruit  trees  of 
various  species,  or  adorned  with  a  multitude  of  various  shrubs 
and  flowers,  which  added  softness,  splendour  and  beauty  to 
the  wilderness,  and  perfumed  the  air,  already  pure  as  the  virgin 
breezes  of  Paradise,  with  their  blended  fragrance.  The  other 
parts  of  this  enclosure  continued  still  in  all  the  misshapen 
rudeness  of  nature,  where  she  puts  on  the  roughest  appear 
ance,  and  wore  an  aspect  wrinkled,  severe,  rugged  and  de 
formed  beyond  expression.  Here  we  beheld  the  prostrate 
trunk  of  some  enormous  tree  which  sunk  beneath  the  burden 
of  age  and  infirmities,  .or  else  was  borne  down  headlong  by 
the  rapid  tempest,  mouldering  into  its  original  dust,  while  a 


104  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1775. 

numerous  offspring  were  springing  up  on  every  side,  and  exult 
ing  in  the  pride  of  youthful  verdure;  there,  on  the  margin  of 
a  rocky  eminence,  covered  with  thorns  and  briars,  you  might 
discover  the  breaking  precipice  with  gaping  caverns  and  ragged 
fragments,  tumbling  to  the  bottom,  composed  a  pile  of  defor 
mity,  the  habitation  of  reptiles  and  vermin.  On  the  western 
quarter,  beyond  the  limits  of  the  garden  and  a  winding  road, 
lay  a  large  open  grove  of  maples  and  beeches,  with  two  or 
three  majestic  oaks,  which  reared  their  venerable  heads  above 
the  surrounding  trees;  at  a  further  distance,  on  the  declivity  of 
the  hill,  is  situated  a  stately  forest,  sloping  into  an  impenetra 
ble  swamp  of  spruce  and  cedar,  ending  in  cultivated  fields 
along  the  flowery  banks  of  Kennebeck,  while  from  the  cham 
ber  windows  we  have  a  prospect  of  the  White  Mountains, 
above  fifty  miles  remote,  concealing  their  glittering  summits 
among  the  clouds.  From  the  same  apartment,  to  the  south, 
appeared  a  number  of  settlements,  stretching,  for  miles  to 
gether,  on  the  Eastern  River,  and  the  waters  of  Merrymeeting 
Bay,  with  the  adjacent  hills,  closes  the  delightful  view.  On 
the  northern  quarter,  at  the  distance  of  fifty  rods,  almost  ob 
scured  by  a  rising  grove  of  birches,  appears  the  Church,  an 
elegant  building,  standing  on  a  gravelly  spot  of  ground,  sur 
rounded  with  a  large  piece  of  beautiful  turf.  From  the  east 
ern  door  in  front,  through  a  spacious  avenue,  we  have  a  fine 
prospect  of  the  river  Mundooscottook,*  which  appears,  by  a 
deception,  almost  contiguous  to  the  garden,  running  at  the 
bottom  of  a  large  open  pasture;  beyond  the  river  the  land 
rises  with  a  majestic  grandeur,  and,  swelling  with  a  stupen- 
duous  arch,  covered,  with  trees,  the  horizon."  f 

It  has,  we  presume,  sufficiently  appeared,  that  the  "  Itinerant 
Mission  on  the  Eastern  Frontiers  of  Massachusetts  Bay  "  was 
no  sinecure.  The  territory  it  embraced  was  extensive,  the  inhab 
itants  thinly  scattered,  and  the  means  of  travelling  were  incon 
venient,  and  oftentimes  dangerous.  The  poverty  and  igno 
rance  of  the  people,  and  the  unscrupulous  opposition  of  some 


*  Or  Eastern  River.  t  See  note  H. 


1774.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  105 

persons  of  wealth  and  influence  greatly  increased  labors  which 
were  of  themselves  sufficiently  arduous  to  have  discouraged 
most  men.  To  all  these  difficulties  were  now  to  be  added 
others.  The  date  of  Mr.  Bailey's  coming  into  these  regions 
was  almost  the  same  as  that  of  the  commencement  of  those 
measures  on  the  part  of  the  British  government,  which  finally 
alienated  the  American  colonies.  The  nature  of  these  mea 
sures  and  their  dates,  are  too  well  known  to  the  intelligent 
reader  to  render  it  necessary  that  they  should  be  stated  here. 

The  first  instances  of  political  persecution  which  Mr.  Bailey 
experienced,  occurred  at  a  distance  from  the  place  of  his  resi 
dence.  On  the  7th  September,  1774,  he  set  off  with  a  friend 
for  Boston.  His  journal  states  that  he  was  "insulted  the  next 
day. 

"  Sept.  8th.     Lodged  at  Millican's.*     Ill  treated. 
*  *  *  *  *      *         * 

"  \\tli.     Lodged  at  Newbury :  the  country  all  in  commotion. 
****** 

"  14^.     Convention  Sermon  preached  by  Mr.  Seargent. 
****** 

"23d.     Mobbed  at  Brunswick;  got  home  at  night. 
****** 

"  26th.  Abroad ;  fled  from  the  mob.  Lodged  at  George 
Miers'." 

He  afterwards  writes  to  a  friend :  "  I  was  obliged  to  ab 
scond  in  the  night,  to  avoid  the  fury  of  the  mob,  and  to  keep 
myself  concealed  two  days." 

Under  date  of  October  17th,  1774,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  as 
follows,  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts:  — 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  of  writing  by  Capt.  Callahan,  one 
of  my  Wardens,  bound  directly  from  this  place  to  Glasgow, 
since  the  unhappy  condition  of  this  country  renders  it  wholly 
unsafe  to  trust  a  letter  by  the  way  of  Boston  to  London.  I 
have,  since  my  last,  visited  the  upper  settlements  upon  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  to  the  distance  of  fifty  miles,  where  I  baptized 


'*  In  Scarborough. 

14 


106  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1774. 

twenty  infants  and  two  adults.  Nothing  remarkable  has  oc 
curred  in  my  parish,  but  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  observe, 
that  none  of  my  hearers  have  entered  into  any  desperate  com 
binations  against  the  authority  of  Great  Britain,  nor  joined 
in  any  of  those  tumults  and  insurrections  which  have  lately 
prevailed  in  other  parts  of  the  Province,  and  even  in  the  neigh 
bouring  towns.  On  my  late  journey  to  Boston,  I  was  fre 
quently  insulted  and  mobbed,  and  immediately  after  my  return, 
this  place  was  invaded  by  one  hundred  men  in  arms,  while  the 
Court  was  sitting,  vowing  revenge  upon  me  and  several  of  my 
parishioners,  for  opposing  the  solemn  league  and  covenant. 
To  avoid  their  fury,  I  was  obliged  to  flee  from  my  house  in  the 
night,  and  to  conceal  myself  for  two  days.  The  mob  was  at 
length  obliged  to  disperse,  without  success,  or  doing  any  con 
siderable  mischief.  In  the  neighbouring  settlements,  however, 
they  assaulted  both  persons  and  property,  brake  into  houses 
and  stores,  abused  the  inhabitants,  and  destroyed  their  sub 
stance,  and,  after  being  intoxicated  with  strong  liquor,  fought 
among  themselves.  We  are  daily  threatened  with  another 
hostile  invasion  ;  and,  it  may  be  remarked,  that  these  insurrec 
tions  are  encouraged  by  some  of  our  magistrates,  and  the  late 
mob  was  headed  by  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly.  In 
short,  nothing  can  be  more  dismal  than  the  situation  of  the 
Episcopal  ministers,  and,  indeed,  of  all  who  have  any  depend 
ence  upon  Great  Britain.  They  are  daily  persecuted  with 
provoking  insults,  loaded  with  shocking  execrations,  and 
alarmed  with  the  most  bloody  menaces,  and  that,  not  by  the 
meaner  rabble,  but  by  persons  of  the  highest  distinction,  and 
even  those  who  heretofore  were  in  the  greatest  repute  for 
moderation,  piety  and  tenderness,  have  now  lost  every  senti 
ment  of  humanity,  behave  with  the  wildest  fury  and  destruc 
tion,  and  breathe  forth  nothing  but  slaughter  and  destruction 
against  all  who  are  unwilling  to  engage  in  their  extravagant 
schemes.  I  have  observed,  with  regard  to  this  Province  and 
New  Hampshire,  where  I  have  a  large  acquaintance,  that  the 
friends  of  government  are  chiefly  either  Episcopalians,  or  sober, 
sensible  persons  of  other  denominations,  who  are  equally  averse 
to  infidelity  and  enthusiasm;  but  if  the  sons  of  liberty  should 


1775.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  107 

prevail,  our  destruction  will  be  inevitable,  and  thousands  of 
His  Majesty's  loyal  subjects,  who  acknowledge  the  authority 
of  the  parent  country  from  principles  of  conscience  as  well  as 
grateful  inclination,  will  instantly  be  reduced  to  the  extremest 
misery  and  ruin.  Nothing  has  inspired  these  opposers  of  gov 
ernment  with  greater  resolution  and  fury,  than  a  speech  said 
to  be  written  by  the  Bishop  of  St.  Asaphs.*  I  had  an  oppor 
tunity  of  remarking  the  fatal  effects  of  this  performance,  not 
only  at  Boston,  but  in  travelling  two  hundred  miles  through  a 
populous  part  of  the  country.  This  has  given  them  occasion 
to  abuse  every  Episcopalian  who  cannot  acknowledge  the 
sentiments  of  His  Lordship,  with  the  forced  construction  they 
are  pleased  to  put  upon  His  words.  The  shutting  up  of  Bos 
ton  harbour,  and  the  prevailing  violence  of  this  raging  faction, 
have  already  reduced  me  to  great  distress  in  my  private  affairs, 
and  it  is  with  the  utmost  difficulty  I  am  able  to  procure  the 
necessaries  of  life." 

The  winter  of  1774-5  passed  off  without  much  political 
disturbance  in  the  "  West  Precinct  of  Pownalborough,"  where 
the  church  was  situated.  From  the  journals  of  Mr.  Bailey,  it 
seems  that  the  number  of  attendants  on  public  worship  during 
the  three  years  after  the  church  was  built,  ranged  from  fifty  to 
one  hundred  and  thirty. 

The  news  of  Lexington  battle,  (which  was  some  days  in 
reaching  Kennebec,)  caused  considerable  excitement  among 
the  people.  Mr.  Bailey  slates  that  on  the  day  of  the  receipt 
of  the  intelligence  "  of  Col.  Percy's  defeat,"  he  was  "  abroad, 
and  assaulted  by  a  number  of  ruffians."  Two  days  after  this, 
Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  arrived  with  his  family.  He  had  been 
driven  by  political  persecutions  from  his  parish,  and  sought 
refuge  with  the  subject  of  this  Memoir,  who  had  married  his 
sister. 

"  The  circumstances  of  Mr.  Weeks'  family  determined  him 


*  Bishop  Shipley.  This  production  was  quoted  by  Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  in  his 
speech,  delivered  at  Washington,  July  4th,  1851,  on  the  occasion  of  laying  the  corner 
stone  of  the  enlargement  of  the  Capitol. 


108  PRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1775. 

to  seek  a  refuge  in  the  regions  of  Kennebeck,  where  he  had 
some  possessions  in  land.  He  arrived  at  Frankfort,  with  his 
family,  on  Wednesday  evening,  April  26th.  Notice  was  imme 
diately  given  to  M.  and  the  rabble,  and  notwithstanding  their 
wide  dispersions,  the  latter  were  assembled  at  the  Court-house 
by  sunrise  the  next  morning,  to  prevent  him  from  landing  his 
furniture.  The  multitude  were  evidently  convened  to  support 
the  Committee  in  their  malignant  designs  upon  Mr.  Weeks, 
against  whom  they  had  nothing  to  allege  but  his  profession  as 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  ;  and  his  character, 
which  was  not  only  irreproachable,  but  exemplary.  *  *  *  * 
In  the  midst  of  this  bustle  and  confusion,  the  Committees  of 
several  neighbouring  towns  happened  to  arrive,  when  it  was 
agreed  to  leave  the  affair  of  Mr.  Weeks  to  their  united  deter 
mination.  After  keeping  that  worthy  gentleman  under  severe 
examination,  standing  before  them  as  a  criminal  above  an 
hour,  they  dismissed  him  awhile,  for  the  purpose  of  mature 
consultation  among  themselves ;  then,  calling  him  in  the  sec 
ond  time  into  their  important  and  mighty  presence,  compelled 
him  to  sign  an  ignominious  paper,  and  then  gave  him  a  permit 
for  landing  his  goods."  ' 

In  June  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  received  an  invitation  from 
the  wardens  of  the  Church  at  Falmouth,  to  officiate  there  dur 
ing  the  absence  of  Rev.  Mr.  Wiswell,  the  Rector  of  the  parish. 

The  following  is  found  in  the  MS.  "  History ,"  etc,,  quoted 
above,  and  is  stated  to  have  occurred  in  August  of  this  year: 
"  One  Harvey,  as  the  rabble  were  marching  along  the  road  by 
the  Church  at  Pownalborough,  loaded  his  musket,  and  then 
presented  it  at  the  parsonage-house,  where  the  Rev.  Messrs. 
Weeks  and  Bailey  resided.  The  latter,  with  several  children, 
was  then  looking  out  of  the  window,  when  one  of  the  com 
pany  demanded  of  Harvey  '  what  inducement  he  had  to  be 
have  in  this  manner?'  He  replied:  'this  is  a nest  of 

tories,  and  I  am  going  to  blow  as  many  of  them  to  the 

as  possible.'     Having  finished  this  remarkable  speech,  he 

snapped  his  gun  several  times,  but  it  was  Providentially  pre- 

*MS.  History  of  the  Eastern  Country,  by  Rev.  J.  Bailey. 


1775.)  LIFE     OF     REY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  109 

vented  from  going  off,  notwithstanding  it  was  never  known, 
before  or  after  this  experiment,  to  miss  fire.  And,  it  is  further 
observable,  that  the  moment  this  fellow  reached  the  Court 
house,  he  discharged  his  musket  without  the  least  difficulty. 
The  family  thus  devoted  to  destruction,  were,  at  the  time, 
wholly  ignorant  of  their  danger,  and  received  their  information 
immediately  after,  from  a  couple  of  young  fellows,  more  civil 
and  humane  than  the  rest.  It  was  asserted  that  Harvey  bor 
rowed  this  gun  of  M.,  but  what  temptation  he  had  to  intrust 
it  to  a  stranger,  remains  a  secret,  unless  we  conclude  that  he 
might,  with  greater  safety,  engage  him  in  some  fatal  piece  of 
mischief,  than  one  who  had  connexions  among  us.*" 

"  About  the  beginning  of  this  summer,  one  Whiting  was 
engaged  to  officiate  at  the  Court-house.  This  fellow,  now  19 
or  20  years  of  age,  had  been  extremely  notorious  for  his  vicious 
and  idle  conduct,  having  first  been  expelled  from  the  college  at 
Cambridge,  and  afterwards,  (it  is  reported,)  obliged  to  flee  from 
the  seminary  at  Providence,  for  stealing  the  President's  horse. 
He  had  been  employed  for  some  time  as  a  schoolmaster  in 
Kennebeck,  but  was  represented  as  a  person  disposed  to  ridi 
cule  both  religion  and  virtue,  yet  pretending  to  a  sudden  and 
miraculous  conversion,  and  assuming  uncommon  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  liberty,  he  is  conceived  to  be  an  happy  instrument  of 
carrying  on  the  blessed  work  of  ruining  the  Church;  and 
though  it  is  affirmed  that  he  boldly  preached  the  sermons  of 
President  Davies,  and  other  writers  of  a  sprightly  and  fanatical 
turn ;  yet  he  was  highly  caressed  by  our  leaders,  and  extolled 
as  an  angel  from  Heaven  to  proclaim  the  everlasting  Gospel. 


*  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  wrote  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  as  follows  :  — 

"PORTSMOUTH,  Sept.  7th,  1775. 

"  The  condition  of  your  Missionaries  is  truly  deplorable :  they  have  enemies  all 
around  them,  and  no  friends  but  God  and  their  consciences.  I  am  now  stripped  of 
the  comforts  and  conveniences  of  life  ;  my  wife  and  a  family  of  eight  helpless  children 
are  obliged  to  seek  shelter  in  a  wilderness,  the  horrors  of  which  they  had  never  seen 
or  felt  before.  And  even  there  they  have  not  been  suffered  to  remain  in  quiet.  Their 
happiness  has  been  often  interrupted  by  insults,  and  by  the  snapping  of  a  loaded  gun 
at  Mr.  Bailey  and  me,  while  walking  in  the  garden.  We  have  no  hope,  but  in  the 
experience  of  your  wonted  charity." — Hawkins'  Hist,  of  Missions,  etc.,  p.  246. 


110  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1775. 

And  though  service  was  constantly  performed  every  Sunday 
at  church,  either  by  Mr.  Weeks  or  Mr.  Bailey,  yet  all  who 
were  inclined  to  favor  the  present  commotions  attended  his 
vociferations,  and  besides,  some  persons,  who  desired  still  to 
adhere  to  the  Church,  went  occasionally  to  meeting,  hoping 
by  this  seasonable  compliance  either  to  avoid  the  imputation 
of  being  enemies  to  the  country,  or  to  escape  the  persecution 
they  conceived  was  descending  on  their  neighbours.  *  *  *  * 

"  But  Whiting  was  not  the  only  Apostle  of  Kennebeck.  One 
Aldcn,  a  noted  Ana-baptist  preacher  from  Great  Britain,  made 
his  appearance  in  these  parts,  and  was  extremely  instrumental 
in  seducing  ignorant  and  credulous  people.  And,  notwith 
standing  his  character,  attended  his  itinerant  performances, 
and  it  was  acknowledged  wherever  he  travelled  that  he  had 
twice  been  dismissed  from  the  ministerial  office  for  gross 
immoralities,  and  had  been  tried  at  the  Old  Bailey  for  the 
crime  of  perjury,  yet  he  was  followed  and  applauded  by  the 
undistinguishing  mobility  and  persons  of  distinction,  as  some 
great  prophet,  or  messenger  from  heaven.  *  This  fellow 

preached  in  almost  every  settlement  along  the  banks  of  Ken 
nebeck,  and  greatly  conduced  to  bring  everything  sacred  and 
decent  into  contempt."* 

"  The  inhabitants  of  Frankfort,  or  the  West  Parish  of  Pow- 
nalborough,  continued  quiet  and  composed  till  about  Christ 
mas,  1775,  when  Mr.  Goodwin,  a  deputy-sheriff'  and  jail  keeper, 
began  to  spirit  up  the  people.  This  man  was  open,  generous, 
positive,  and  blustering, — served  this  year  as  Church  Warden, 
but  was  intimately  connected  with  M.  and  N.  He  suddenly 
attempted  to  raise  all  the  young  fellows  among  us  in  defence 
of  liberty,  and  engaged  them  to  assemble  on  New  Year's  day, 
to  erect  the  standard  of  defiance.  Every  method  of  allurement 
and  menace  was  practised  to  convene  the  people  upon  this 
important  occasion  ;  but  about  twenty  persons  had  resolution 
enough  to  disregard  every  incitement,  and  refused  to  give  their 
attendance.  The  confusion  and  uproar  which  ensued  were 
beyond  example ;  the  day  was  consumed  in  the  exercises  of 

*  See  note  I. 


1776.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  Ill 

drinking,  swearing,  traitorous  imprecations,  arid  the  most 
horrible  effusions  of  profaneness  and  impiety.  Several  people, 
in  the  fervor  and  wantonness  of  their  zeal,  proposed  that  the 
minister  should  be  conducted  by  a  'sufficient  military  force 
from  his  habitation  to  the  pole,  and  there  be  obliged  to  conse 
crate  this  exalted  monument  of  freedom:  others,  indeed,  were 
so  modest  as  to  oppose  the  motion,  and  when  it  was  commit 
ted  to  the  common  suffrage,  it  was  carried  in  the  negative  by 
a  trifling  majority  only.*  *****  Immediately  after  this 
distinguishing  event,  near  one-half  of  the  congregation  with 
drew  from  the  Church,  the  minister  was  stigmatized  as  a 
mortal  enemy  to  his  country  for  neglecting  to  observe  a 
thanksgiving  appointed  by  the  Provincial  Congress,  though 
the  very  persons  who  were  loudest  in  their  exclamations  cer 
tainly  knew  that  he  had  received  no  information  time  enough 
to  give  publick  notice. 

"  My  Presbyterian  neighbours  were  so  zealous  for  the  good  of 
their  country  that  they  killed  seven  of  my  sheep  out  of  twelve, 
and  shot  a  fine  heifer  as  she  was  feeding  in  my  pasture,  and 
my  necessities  were  so  great  in  the  following  winter  that  I 
was  obliged  to  dispose  of  the  remainder  of  my  cattle  except 
one  cow.  The  next  spring,  as  I  was  endeavoring  to  cultivate 
a  garden  spot,  which  I  had  prepared  from  a  rocky  wilderness, 
with  great  labour  and  expense,  the  leaders  immediately  began 
to  interrupt  my  honest  endeavours  for  the  support  of  my  family. 
They  daily  threatened  that  prodigious  numbers  of  people  were 
assembling  in  the  adjacent  settlements  to  put  down  the  Church 
and  to  burn  my  habitation  over  my  head." 


*  "It  was  determined  that  a  liberty-pole  should  be  raised  before  the  Church  door, 
« to  affront'  (as  it  was  said)  '  the  parson,  and  to  express  their  defiance  of  the  King,' 
but  Mr.  Goodwin,  a  Church  Warden,  the  principal  conductor,  (under  the  secret 
direction,  as  I  suppose,  of  M.,)  being  opposed  by  the  Vestry,  eight  in  number, 
induced  the  people  to  erect  it  on  the  plains.  M.,  some  days  before,  liad  engaged  to 
give  them  a  quantity  of  rum  to  elevate  their  spirits  upon  the  glorious  occasion. 
When  the  appointed  day  came  this  gentleman,  upon  their  appearance,  according  to 
previous  agreement,  delivered  his  present,  with  the  assurance  that  he  would  have 
cheerfully  assisted  in  person  had  he  not  been  unwell.  Capt.  Lovejoy  insisted  upon 
my  being  sent  for  to  consecrate  the  pole  by  prayer,  and,  if  I  refused,  it  was  purposed 
that  I  should  be  whipped  around  it,  but  the  motion  was  lost  by  a  majority  of  two."  f 
t  Rev.  J.  Bailey's  MS. 


112  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1776. 

May  3d,  1777.     A  son  was  born  to   Mr.  Bailey,  who  was 
baptized  by  the  name  of  Charles  Hugh  Percy.* 

From  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal  of  this  year  we  extract  the  fol 
lowing  : — 

"  May  23d.     Summoned  before  the  Committee. 

"24/7*.     Examined  by  the  Committee. 

"  2S/7/..     Laid  under  bonds. 

****** 

"  August  \\tli.  Forbidden  to  pray  for  the  King.  Only  de 
livered  a  sermon.  Thirty-five  present. 

"  23d.     On  a  journey  :  lodged  at  Rev.  Mr.  Bass's,  Newbury- 

port. 

****** 
"  September  Wth.     Visited  at  Georgetown.     Baptized  ten 
children. 

****** 
"  October  28th.     Before  the  Committee  for  not  reading  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  for  praying  for  the   King,  and 
for  preaching  a  seditious  sermon." 

In  a  letter  written  some  time  after  this  to  the  secretary  of 
the  Venerable  Society,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  In  the  universal 
confusion,  tumult,  and  destruction,  which  prevailed  in  the  be 
ginning  of  the  war,  many  persons  were  driven  by  the  impulses 
of  fear  to  act  against  both  conscience  and  inclination.  On 
the  one  hand,  we  were  assaulted  by  armed  multitudes,  pouring 
out  torrents  of  reproach  and  execrations,  and  threatening  to 
make  us  the  victims  of  their  vengeance.  On  the  other,  we 
were  besieged  by  the  entreaties  and  tears  of  our  friends  to 
practice  a  little  compliance,  (which,  by  the  way,  only  made 
our  enemies  the  fiercer,)  while  we  were  confidently  told  that 
our  brethren  in  other  parts  had  fully  yielded  to  the  requisitions 


*  A  proof  of  Mr.  Bailey's  loyalty.  The  name  selected  for  the  child  was  that  of 
Lord  Percy,  who  fought  at  Lexington.  In  a  letter  received  from  a  descendant  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  the  following  statement  occurs  :  "  It  was  the  intention  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bailey  that  his  name  should  be  Hur/h  Percy,  but  Mrs.  Callahan,  the  Godmother, 
seeing  so  many  Patriots  in  the  Church,  was  afraid  to  give  this  name,  and  called  him 
Charles,  the  name  of  her  husband.  He  was  baptized  Charles  Percy,  and  always 
signed  his  name  so." 


1777.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  113 

of  Congress  and  the  spirit  of  the  times.  I  had  myself  all  these 
difficulties  to  encounter.  In  particular,  the  Sunday  after  the 
news  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  arrived,  for  besides 
the  ravings  and  menaces  of  the  wild  sons  of  freedom,  the  more 
moderate  of  the  same  character  assured  me  that  every  clergy 
man  had  both  omitted  all  prayers  for  His  Majesty,  and  published 
the  Declaration  of  Independency,  while  my  real  friends  earnestly 
besought  me  to  prevent  the  destruction  of  our  Church.  I  still 
refused,  answering  them  that  we  must  conscientiously  perform 
our  duty,  and  leave  the  Church  to  the  protection  of  Heaven, 
and  that  if  all  my  brethren  had  departed  from  their  integrity, 
I  could  never  think  myself  excused  from  blame  by  following 
their  example.  I  will  observe,  that  though  I  had  then  courage 
to  resist,  yet  perhaps  my  fortitude  at  another  time  might  have 
failed." 

Some  of  the  old  enemies  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  its 
minister,  were  not  discouraged  by  their  former  unsuccessful 
attempts  to  establish  the  Congregational  form  of  worship 
within  the  bounds  of  his  parish.  Their  proceedings  caused 
Mr.  Bailey  to  write  to  eminent  men,  lawyers  and  others,  in 
different  parts  of  the  country,  on  this  subject.  The  persons 
thus  addressed  were,  Mr.  Oliver  Whipple,  of  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.,  Rev.  Jacob  Duche,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Mr.  David  Sewall, 
of  York.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  that  "  the  mal-contents  were  only 
seven  in  number;"  that  "they  excluded  all  Churchmen  from 
the  privilege  of  voting,  and  agreed,  in  March,  1776,  to  raise  a 
tax  upon  the  inhabitants, — Quakers  as  well  as  Churchmen, — 
towards  the  support  of  the  Gospel."  "  This,"  he  continues, 
"  is  the  declared  purpose,  both  in  the  tax  bill  and  in  the  war 
rant  for  distraining.  Our  people  are  by  no  means  in  affluent 
circumstances,  and,  after  having  generously,  according  to  their 
ability,  contributed  to  my  support,  are  compelled  to  pay  the 
above  tax  with  the  utmost  rigour.  The  collectors  are  seizing 
their  cattle  by  violence,  and  selling  them  at  publick  vendue 
for  a  mere  trifle."  Mr.  Bailey  states  further,  that  "these  men 
have  no  meeting-house,  no  embodied  church,  no  communi 
cants,  no  minister,  and  no  preaching,  except  three  months  in 
1775."  He  writes  to  one  of  the  above-named  gentlemen,  that 
15 


114  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1777. 

the  persons  spoken  of  "  have  proceeded  to  collect  the  tax  with 
the  utmost  rigor,  and  several  circumstances  of  ungenerous 
severity,  such  as  breaking  into  barns  when  the  proprietors 
were  absent,  taking  away  cattle  by  violence,  selling  them  at 
auction,  and  multiplying  charges,  to  the  great  distress  of  the 
unfortunate  sufferers.  *  *  *  Those  who  retain  any  senti 
ments  of  tenderness  and  humanity,  when  acquainted  with  the 
circumstances  of  this  eastern  country,  must  compassionate  our 
situation  :  a  people  confined  to  a  cold  arid  rugged  soil,  encum 
bered  with  forests,  and  divided  by  rivers,  exposed  to  invasions 
from  Canada,  deprived  of  free  navigation,  prevented  from 
selling,  as  usual,  their  timber  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  and 
denied  the  advantages  of  receiving  provisions  from  abroad  as 
formerly.  These  occurrences  have  reduced  us,  (especially 
myself,  who  depended  chiefly  upon  the  Society  for  support,) 
to  the  lowest  condition  of  poverty,  and  almost  to  nakedness 
and  famine." 

In  a  letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Byles,  in  the  autumn  of  this  year,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes:  "  I  have  hitherto  performed  Divine  service  every 
Sunday,  though  at  the  risk  of  my  liberty,  and  even  of  my  life. 
I  have  had  a  warrant  after  me  ever  since  the  20th  of  July,  for 
transportation,  but  by  concealing  myself  during  the  week  time, 
I  have  as  yet  escaped.  Mr.  Parker  and  Mr.  Bass  are  the  only 
clergymen  beside  myself  who  officiate,  but  they  wholly  omit 
praying  for  the  King,  and  my  principal  offence  is  neglecting 
to  follow  their  example." 

October  IQth,  1777.  To  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  Marblehead  :— 
"*  *  1  have  a  warrant  issued  against  me  ever  since  the 
20th  of  July,  and  several  officers  have  attempted  to  take  me, 
but  hitherto  without  success.  I  have  officiated  every  Sunday. 
Warrants  are  out  for  a  great  number  of  people,  some  of  whom 
have  absconded,  and  others  go  armed.  John  McNamara  has 
been  fined  twenty  dollars,  and  imprisoned  five  days,  but  is 
now  dismissed  upon  bail.  I  am  a  little  surprised  to  find  you 
coupling  me  with  Mr.  Bass  upon  all  occasions.  The  latter, 
without  encountering  any  persecution  or  difficulty,  complied 
with  the  first  motion  of  his  congregation,  (mostly  high  sons  of 
liberty,)  wholly  to  drop  all  prayers  for  the  King.  I,  on  the  con- 


1777.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  115 

trary,  continued  the  service,  without  the  least  alteration,  some 
time  after  you  and  many  of  my  brethren  had  made  omissions; 
and  indeed  I  was  chiefly  induced  to  do  so  by  your  example. 
It  was  a  long  time  after  you  had  ceased  officiating  before  I 
either  heard  of  it,  or  the  law  in  support  of  Independency,  so 
that  I  had  already  offended  beyond  the  hopes  of  pardon.  Pre 
vious  to  this  my  parishioners  were  severely  persecuted,  both 
as  Churchmen  and  Tories,  which  immediately  excited  the 
indignation  of  the  friends  of  government  for  twenty  miles 
round.  These,  of  every  denomination,  encouraged  me  to  pro 
ceed,  and  generously  contributed  to  my  support;  and  though 
I  have  left  out  the  most  obnoxious  sentences,  1  have  never 
omitted  to  pray  for  the  King,  and  I  have  continued  to  officiate, 
not  to  please  our  enemies,  but  the  Royalists  scattered  through 
the  country.  My  constant  hearers,  (though  all,  except  one  or 
two,  are  friends  of  government,)  are  but  a  small  number  in 
comparison  with  the  rest,  and  indeed  our  continuing  to  as 
semble  for  Divine  Service  is  considered  by  the  Whigs  as  the 
principal  support  of  our  party.  They  imagine  that  it  gives 
life  and  spirit  to  our  opposition,  and  besides  the  chief  objec 
tion  against  me  is  my  praying  for  the  King.  For  this  single 
offence  I  have  been  threatened,  insulted,  condemned,  and  laid 
under  heavy  bonds,  and  for  this  I  am  now  doomed  for  trans 
portation.  My  friend,  Mr.  Lee,  is  Captain  of  a  company  at 
New  York;  Callahan  is  Captain  of  a  twelve-gun  sloop-of-war 
in  the  King's  service ;  George  Pochard  is  at  Quebec,  so  that 
the  situation  of  my  affairs  is  well  known  at  all  these  places." 

The  following  from  one  of  his  MSS.  will  give  an  idea  of 
his  sufferings  at  this  time  : — 

"  Mr.  Bailey,  Missionary  at  Pownalborough,  having  been 
concealed  in  his  own  house  for  the  space  of  five  weeks,  re 
ceived  information  that  a  design  was  formed  against  his  life. 
This  intelligence  determined  him  to  attempt  an  escape.  In 
consequence  of  this  determination  he  left  his  habitation  in  the 
evening  of  October  15th,  and  was  conducted  through  intricate 
paths,  about  two  miles,  by  his  brother  and  Dr.  Mayer.  It  was 
conjectured  that  some  desperate  ruffians  were  placed  at  a  lit 
tle  distance  from  the  house,  either  to  intercept  his  flight,  or  to 


116  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1777. 

destroy  him  on  the  spot.  A  couple  of  young  lads  were  fired 
upon  as  they  were  riding  along  the  road,  the  people  doubtless 
imagining  Mr.  Bailey  to  be  on,  horseback,  returning  home. 
He  was  constrained  to  leave  his  family  in  circumstances  truly 
distressing;  a  wife  with  a  young  infant,  and  two  girls  about 
eleven,  and  no  kind  of  provisions  or  money  for  their  support, 
except  a  few  garden  roots.  After  spending  part  of  the  night 
at  his  brother's,  he  arose  before  daylight,  and,  with  a  couple  of 
young  persons,  embarked  on  board  a  canoe,  and  under  the 
concealment  of  a  thick  fog,  escaped  to  Brunswick,  beyond  the 
limits  of  the  county  where  he  resided.  He  was  here  in  great 
anxiety,  having  money  for  only  one  day's  subsistence,  and  not 
finding  Dr.  Moor  arrived  with  his  horse,  as  he  expected,  he 
was  obliged  to  remain  several  hours  at  a  publick  house  in 
cruel  suspense,  and  exposed  to  the  observation  of  every 
traveller.  At  length  the  appearance  of  his  horse  relieved  his 
perplexity,  and  enabled  him  to  pursue  his  journey  without 
molestation.  The  next  day  he  arrived  at  Falrnouth,  and  was 
cordially  received  and  kindly  entertained  by  his  friends.  Some 
unexpected  benefactions  raised  his  spirits  and  encouraged  him 
to  proceed  as  far  as  Portsmouth,  the  capital  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  but  before  he  reached  this  seat  of  rebellion  he  was 
greatly  alarmed  with  the  misfortune  of  General  Burgoyne  and 
the  army  under  his  command.  At  York,  he  encountered  the 
barbarous  exultations  of  the  rebels  upon  this  important  occa 
sion  ;  and  as  he  entered  Portsmouth,  the  firing  of  cannon,  the 
ringing  of  bells,  and  the  vociferation  of  the  populace  were 
circumstances  that  increased  his  chagrin.  He  was,  however, 
highly  caressed  by  the  friends  of  government,  who  assisted  to 
sympathize  with  him,  and  to  console  each  other  on  the  gloomy 
appearance  of  publick  affairs. 

"  After  travelling  to  Boston  and  visiting  a  multitude  of  his 
acquaintance,  of  various  ranks,  and  of  opposite  sentiments, 
and  having  received  many  instances  of  generosity  from  the 
Royalists,  he  returned  home  about  Christmas,  and  though  he 
had  endured  great  anxiety  on  account  of  his  family,  he  had 
the  pleasure  of  finding  them  in  comfortable  circumstances,  the 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  117 

friends  of  government  having  liberally  contributed  towards 
their  support."  * 

In  the  early  part  of  the  following  year,  Mr.  Bailey  received 
a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Mather  Byles,  formerly  Rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Boston,  but  who  had  left  the  country.  It  is  dated 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  February  17th,  1778.  The  following  is  an 
extract : — 

"  I  am  commissioned  to  inform  you,  if  you  have  not  already 
availed  yourself  of  the  collection  for  the  suffering  clergy  in 
America,  that  you  are  entitled  to  draw  upon  Messrs.  Hoar 
&  Company,  Bankers,  in  Fleet  Street,  for  Fifty  Pounds,  as 
your  Dividend ;  and  that  if  you  think  proper  to  enclose  your 
draft  to  Dr.  Caner,  he1  will  endeavor  to  procure  the  money,  and 
transmit,  or  pay  it,  as  you  shall  direct.  Your  letter  to  Dr. 
Caner  may  be  directed  to  the  New  England  Coffee  House,  or 
to  the  care  of  Watson  &  Rashley,  Merchants,  on  Garlick  Hill, 
London,  or  to  No.  30  Suffolk  St.,  Westminster." 

Mr.  Bailey's  daily  Journal  for  the  entire  year  1777  is  miss 
ing.  From  that  for  part  of  1778,  we  extract  the  following : — 

"  April  19th.  Easter  Sunday.  50  present.  15  Communi 
cants. 

"  20/7*.     Chose  the  same  officers." 

It  is  mentioned  occasionally  that  there  w^as  no  service  in 
church,  but  no  reason  is  assigned.  The  church,  however, 
appears  to  have  been  open  the  greater  part  of  the  first  four 
months  of  this  year,  with  an  attendance  varying  from  twelve 
to  fifty-six.  A  number  of  infants  were  baptized  by  Mr.  Bailey 
in  the  same  time,  in  various  parts  of  this  region. 

Mr.  Bailey  left  home  on  the  19th  July  of  this  year,  on  a 
journey  to  Boston,  and  was  absent  some  four  weeks.'  A  full 
journal  of  occurrences  at  this  time  is  preserved,  and  some 
things  recorded  in  it  are  thought  worthy  of  being  extracted : — 

"My  20th.     Left  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River. 

"  22d.  Arrived  in  Boston.  I  was  received  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Parker  and  his  lady  with  the  highest  tokens  of  tenderness  and 
politeness. 

*  Note  J. 


118  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1778. 

"  July  23d.  After  breakfast  went  to  visit  the  famous  Dr. 
Byles,  who  was  detained  a  prisoner  in  his  own  house.  He 
received  me,  according  to  his  manner,  with  great  freedom,  and 
entertained  me  with  a  variety  of  puns.  He  was  mightily 
pleased  with  the  letters  I  brought  him  from  his  son  and  grand 
daughter,  and  instructed  his  daughters,  a  couple  of  fine  young 
ladies,  to  read  them.  I  observed  that  he  had  a  large  collection 
of  curiosities,  and  the  best  library  I  had  seen  in  this  country. 
He  is  a  gentleman  of  learning  and  great  imagination,  has  an 
uncommon  share  of  pride,  and  though  agreeable  when  dis 
coursing  upon  any  subject,  yet  the  perpetual  reach  after  puns1 
renders  his  ordinary  conversation  rather  distasteful  to  persons i 
of  elegance  and  refinement.  He  gave  me  a  circumstantial 
account  of  his  trial  when  condemned  for  transportation.  He 
carefully  preserved  his  talent  for  punning  through  the  whole. 
I  recollect  one  instance :  when  he  was  conducted  into  the 
apartment  where  his  judges  sat  with  great  solemnity,  who 
desired  him  to  sit  by  the  fire,  as  the  weather  was  cold,  *  Gen 
tlemen,'  said  he,  '  when  I  came  among  you  I  expected  perse 
cution,  but  I  could  not  think  you  would  have  offered  me  the 
fire  so  suddenly!'  After  looking  at  several  fine  prospects,  and 
hearing  two  or  three  tunes  on  the  organ  by  one  of  his  daugh 
ters,  I  took  my  leave,  with  an  invitation  and  promise  to  renew 
my  visit.  I  then  repaired  to  Mr.  Domett's,  and  was  kindly 
received  by  that  worthy  and  benevolent  couple.  They  no 
sooner  perceived  the  poverty  and  uncouthness  of  my  apparel, 
than  they  contributed  towards  a  reparation,  and  furnished  me 
with  a  handsome  coat,  jacket  and  breeches.  My  dress  before 
this  recruit  was  as  follows :  an  old  rusty  thread-bare  black 
coat,  which  had  been  turned,  and  the  button-holes  worked 
with  thread  almost  white,  with  a  number  of  breaches  about 
the  elbows;  a  jacket  of  the  same,  much  fractured  about  the 
button-holes,  and  hanging  loose,  occasioned  by  the  leanness 
of  my  carcass,  which  was  at  this  time  greatly  emaciated  by 
the  constant  exercise  of  temperance ;  a  pair  of  breeches,  con 
structed  of  coarse  bed-tick,  of  a  dirty  yellow  colour,  and  so 
uncoat  (sic)  as  to  suffer  several  repairs,  in  particular,  a  per 
pendicular  patch  upon  each  knee  of  a  different  complexion 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  119 

from  the  original  piece;  a  pair  of  blue  thiek-seamed  stockings,! 
well  adapted  to  exclude  the  extreme  heat  of  the  season  ;  a  hat 
with  many  holes  in  the  brim,  adorned  with  much  darning  in 
other  places,  of  a  decent  medium  between  black  and  white. 
My  wig  was  called  white  in  better  days,  but  now  resembled 
in  colour  an  old  greasy  bed  blanket;  the  curls,  alas!  had  long 
since  departed,  and  the  locks  hung  lank,  deformed,  and  clam 
my  about  my  neck,  while  the  shrinking  caul  left  both  my  ears 
exposed  to  publick  view.  But  the  generous  Mr.  Parker  soon 
made  me  a  present  of  a  very  elegant  wig,  which,  though  it 
might  not  furnish  my  brain  with  an  addition  of  wisdom,  yet 
certainly  enabled  me  to  shew  my  head  with  greater  confi 
dence.  *  *  * 

"  July  27th.  Called  upon  Mr.  Haskins  according  to  agree 
ment.  He  gave  me  fifteen  dollars. 

"28th.  This  morning  called  upon  Mrs.  Domett,  who  gave 
me  fourteen  dollars  in  paper  and  three  dollars  and  five  crowns 

in  silver,  which,  she  assured  me,  was  a  present  from young 

ladies  through  James ,  about  17,  and  the  other  16  years. 

The  same  day  received  five  dollars  from  and  Green, 

and  thirty  dollars  from  the  Church  Wardens. 

"29///.  Concluded  this  morning,  notwithstanding  the  con 
tempt  which  is  poured  upon  the  Britons  from  every  quarter,  to 
petition  the  Council  for  liberty  to  depart  for  Nova  Scotia  with 
my  family ;  and,  because  I  perceived  that  our  magistrates 
could  not  admit  of  pleas  of  conscience,  I  confined  myself  to 
the  simple  article  of  poverty.  Mr.  Parker  had  in  the  morning 
obtained  leave  of  Mr.  Powell,  the  President,  to  offer  my  peti 
tion.  Accordingly,  having  it  prepared,  1  went  down  to  the 
Court-house  and  presented  it  to  that  gentleman,  who  engaged 
to  give  me  his  interest.  Drank  tea  with  Dr.  Byles  and  his 
daughters. 

"  August  2d.  This  day  being  Sunday  could  not  assist  Mr. 
Parker  for  want  of  a  suitable  discourse.  As  I  was  walking  to 
church  in  the  morning  Mr.  Lash  put  a  guinea  into  my  hand. 

"4£/j.  Received  this  day  eight  dollars  from  Mr.  Thomas 
Amory. 


120  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1778. 

"  6th.  After  dinner  waited  upon  Dr.  Lloyd.  *  *  The 
Dr.  at  parting  gave  me  nine  dollars. 

"  1th.  This  morning  at  Mr.  Wallace's,  where  Mr.  William 
Gardiner  introduced  me  to  Mr.  Reed,  a  gentleman  who  had 
been  carted  out  of  town.  He  made  me  a  present  of  twelve 
dollars.  A  few  minutes  before  the  hour  appointed  I  arrived 
at  Mr.  Domett's,  and  just  after  I  was  seated  a  gentleman  rap 
ped  at  the  door  and  gave  Mrs.  Domett  a  paper  for  me.  She 
informed  me  that  it  was  Mr.  Erskine,  an  Irish  gentleman. 
Upon  opening  the  paper  we  found  enclosed  two  hundred  and 
seventeen  dollars.  This  Mr.  Erskine  gave  me  at  Portsmouth, 
last  November,  sixteen  dollars.  He  is  nephew  to  Sir  William 
Erskine,  Colonel  of  the  Edinborough  regiment,  raised  for  the 
service  against  America.  He  now  exerted  himself  in  collect 
ing  this  money  for  me  among  his  acquaintance  from  a  princi 
ple  of  pure  generosity.  *  *  *  When  I  came  home,  Mr. 
WTarner  sent  his  compliments,  with  a  very  good  surtout  and 
twenty  dollars. 

"  8th.  This  morning  took  a  breakfast  at  Mr.  Domett's,  and 
while  I  was  in  that  hospitable  and  lucky  mansion  had  twenty- 
one  dollars  sent  me  by  Mrs.  Sheaf.  *  *  *  I  then  paid  Mrs. 
Renkin  and  received  my  note.  *******  Mr.  Parker 
gave  me  a  very  sensible  letter  to  Major  Goodwin,  and  his 
worthy  lady  furnished  me  with  provisions  for  my  passage. 
The  kindness  and  generosity  of  this  agreeable  pair  ought  to 
excite  my  warmest  gratitude,  for,  not  to  mention  my  board 
and  lodging  for  near  three  weeks,  I  received  from  them  in  pre 
sents  to  the  value  of  <£15,  lawful  money.  About  10  o'clock 
Dr.  Miers  and  I  took  our  leave,  and  embarked  on  board  Capt. 
Smith.  *  *  About  11  got  under  sail." 

The  next  night  found  the  vessel  in  which  Mr.  Bailey  had 
taken  passage  at  anchor  in  Portsmouth  harbor,  having  taken 
shelter  there  from  an  easterly  storm.  On  the  second  day  after 
they  had  put  into  this  port,  Mr.  Bailey  went  on  shore  to  visit 
Rev.  Mr.  Stevens,  of  Kittery,  who  had  befriended  him  when 
in  college.  Here  he  found  Rev.  Jeremy  Belknap,  (afterwards 
D.  D.,)  "  with  his  wife,  arrived  from  Dover."  "  I  quickly  per- 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  121 

ceived  him,"  says  Mr.  Bailey,  "to  be  a  son  of  moderation.  It 
was  evident  from  their  conversation  that  most  of  the  Congrega 
tional  ministers  are  in  very  distressed  circumstances  on  account 
of  the  fall  of  paper  money;  but  when  Mr.  Belknap  complained 
of  his  situation,  Mr.  Stevens  informed  him  that  mine  was  still 
worse,  for  I  could  receive  no  salary." 

****** 
"22d.     Arrived  at  Pownalborough,  where   I  had  the  satis 
faction  of  finding  my  family  in  good  health,  though  they  had 
greatly  suffered  in  my  absence  for  want  of  provisions." 

Four  days  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Mr.  Domett, 
in  Boston.  In  this  letter  he  says:  "I  am  prohibited,  in  the 
strongest  terms,  by  Col.  Gushing,*  from  officiating  any  longer, 
and  though  I  have  promised  to  acquiesce,  yet  he  still  threatens 
to  impose  the  oath." 

In  writing  to  Mr.  John  Pickering,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  he  says,  "I  was  taken  into  a  list  on  the 
Transportation  Act  last  summer,  and  after  having  had  the 
matter  debated  several  hours  in  a  full  town  meeting,  I  was 
voted  not  inimical,  by  a  large  majority.  Our  magistrates, 
being  enraged  at  this  disappointment,  issued  out  a  warrant, 
notwithstanding,  to  apprehend  me.  The  judges  and  jury, 
being  of  their  appointment,  I  knew  that  there  was  no  possibil 
ity  of  my  escaping  if  I  came  to  trial.  This  determined  me  to 
continue  prisoner  in  my  own  house,  till  my  health  was  affect 
ed,  and  I  perceived  it  to  be  no  longer  a  place  of  security.  I 
then  fled  about  the  middle  of  October  last  in  the  night,  and 
continued  roving  about  New  Hampshire  and  elsewhere  till 
the  act  expired.  I  left  my  family  in  very  distressed  circum 
stances,  my  wife  having  a  sucking  child,  suffered  greatly  for 
want  of  provisions  before  she  obtained  any  relief.  I  have 
been  unable  to  receive  any  part  of  my  salary  since  June,  1775, 
which  has  obliged  me  to  work  hard  for  my  subsistence,  but 
these  restless  spirits  will  neither  suffer  me  to  enjoy  a  moment's 
repose,  nor  to  reap  the  fruits  of  my  labours.  When  the  act 
for  swearing  took  place,  I  was  immediately  pursued  on  a 

*  High  Sheriff  of  the  County. 

16 


122  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1778. 

magistrate's  warrant,  but  before  it  was  properly  served  I  was 
constrained  to  petition  the  Council  for  leave  to  depart  into 
Nova  Scotia;  the  matter  was  suspended  till  the  expedition 
against  Newport  should  be  over. 

"  I  returned  from  Boston  a  few  days  since,  but  am  threat 
ened  with  immediate  imprisonment  if  ever  I  attempt  to  offi 
ciate  again,  either  in  publick  or  private,  by  which  means  1  am 
deprived  of  every  support,  except  what  arises  from  charity.  In 
Boston  I  was  treated  with  great  compassion  and  tenderness, 
both  by  Whigs  and  Tories,  and  received  several  generous 
benefactions,  even  from  the  former.  But  during  this  absence 
my  family  severely  felt  the  distresses  of  hunger  and  famine, 
and  sometimes  had  nothing  to  eat  for  several  days  together 
but  an  handful  of  vegetables  and  a  little  milk  and  water,  and 
at  other  times  they  remained  twenty-four  hours  without  any 
sustenance  at  all,  till  Mrs.  Bailey  had  almost  determined  to 
die  rather  than  make  her  situation  known,  for  it  has  long  been 
criminal  for  any  person  in  this  country  to  afford  us  support, 
and  many  have  been  prosecuted  as  Tories  for  no  other  reason. 
Human  nature  cannot  but  reflect  with  reluctance  upon  such 
unchristian  and  cruel  proceedings,  neither  is  it  possible  for 
sufferers  to  love  and  esteem  those  institutions  which  put  it  in 
the  power  of  bad  men  to  indulge  their  ill  nature,  their  malice 
and  revenge,  on  innocent  and  defenceless  objects. 

"  Being  afterwards  at  a  settlement  about  fifty  miles  from 
my  own  habitation,  at  the  requisition  of  the  people  to  preach 
and  baptize  their  children,  I  was  assaulted  by  a  violent  mob 
armed  with  clubs,  axes,  and  other  weapons,  who  stripped  me 
naked  in  search  of  papers,  pretending  that  I  had  conceived  a 
design  of  escaping  to  Quebeck." 

The  following  was  addressed  to  "Rev.  S.  Parker,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Boston,  and  is  dated  October  1st,  1778 : — 

"  In  order  to  explain  a  little  the  nature  of  my  situation,  and 
to  elucidate  the  character  of  my  persecutors,  I  beg  leave  to  re 
late  the  following  incident.  The  County  Court  is  now  sitting, 
and  I  am  this  minute  informed  that  I  am  presented  before  the 
Grand  Jury  for  preaching  treason  on  the  Sunday  after  Easter. 
When  I  came  to  examine  the  matter  I  found  there  was  noth- 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  123 

ing  in  either  of  my  sermons  which  tended  in  the  remotest 
sense  to  meddle  with  the  present  times  ;  this  induced  me  to 
search  the  lessons  for  the  day,  and  I  presently  found  that  the 
sixteenth  chapter  of  Numbers  was  the  lesson  appointed  in  the 
Morning  Service,  and  that  the  twenty-sixth  verse  contained 
almost  the  very  words  sworn  to  in  the  deposition  upon  which 
they  founded  their  presentment.  In  order  to  save  you  the 
trouble  of  opening  your  Bible  I  will  quote  you  the  words: 
*  And  he  spake  unto  the  congregation  saying,  Depart,  I  pray 
you,  from  the  tents  of  these  wicked  men,  and  touch  nothing 
of  theirs,  lest  ye  be  consumed  in  all  their  sins.' " 

"The  Grand  Jury,  however,  at  the  instance  of  Langdon,  the 
attorney,  refused  to  find  a  bill." 

In  writing  to  another  friend,  Mr.  Bailey  mentions  that  he 
"gave  the  earliest  intelligence  of  the  above-named  matter  to 
Rev.  Mr.  Parker,  who  presented  his  letter  to  the  Council,  at 
which  they  laughed  very  heartily.  M.  and  N.,  ignorant  of  my 
correspondence,  hastened  up  to  Boston  with  the  fellow's  depo 
sition  on  which  the  complaint  was  founded,  determined  to 
prevent,  if  possible,  the  success  of  my  petition,  but  though 
wafted  upon  the  wings  of  malice  and  ill-nature,  their  arrival 
was  too  late." 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  in  November  of 
this  year,  shows  that  the  troubles  of  this  poor  Missionary  were 
far  from  being  ended:  "  About  the  beginning  of  November  I 
received  a  permission  from  the  General  Court  to  remove  with 
my  family  and  substance  to  Halifax,  but  no  opportunity  pre 
senting,  after  a  double  disappointment  in  attempting  to  get 
away,  and  the  severe  season  advancing,  I  ventured  again  to 
perform  Divine  Service,  being  earnestly  intreated  by  my  par 
ishioners,  and  compelled  by  the  following  inducements:  I 
considered  that  Mr.  Cushing  had  no  authority  to  silence  me, 
as  there  was  no  law  in  this  or  any  of  the  United  States  to 
prohibit  persons  from  preaching,  and  that  no  minister  of  any 
denomination  was  required  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
qualify  him  for  the  discharge  of  his  office;  neither  has  the 
oath,  as  far  as  I  can  learn,  been  tendered  to  any  preacher.  I 
reflected  that  this  attempt  to  prevent  the  performance  of  Di- 


124  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1778. 

vine  Service  must  be  regarded  as  a  profane  and  daring  intru 
sion  upon  sacred  things,  and  not  only  a  manifest  invasion  of 
our  religious,  as  well  as  civil  rights,  but  an  impious  design,  as 
much  as  possible,  to  affect  the  spiritual  interest,  and  even  to 
injure,  if  not  to  destroy,  the  souls  of  my  parishioners ;  and  fur 
ther,  that  such  conduct  would  be  received  and  commented  on 
in  any  other  Christian  country,  as  a  crime  of  the  most  danger 
ous,  horrid,  and  malignant  nature.  I  considered  myself  as 
under  the  most  sacred  obligations  to  perform  the  worship  of 
God,  and  to  preach  among  my  people,  until  prevented  by  my 
absence,  or  restrained  by  the  laws  of  my  country,  especially 
when  there  is  no  Religious  Society  of  our  own,  or  any  other 
denomination,  where  we  could  possibly  attend.  I  plainly  per 
ceived  that  the  young  people  were  strolling  about  with  little 
regard  for  the  Lord's  Day,  that  all  sense  of  religion  was  in 
danger  of  being  expelled,  and  that  nothing  could  be  expected 
but  the  fatal  consequences  of  vice,  irreligion,  and  profaneness. 
I  must  confess,  however,  that  I  found  myself  in  a  very  dis 
tressing  dilemma — the  inveterate  malice  of  my  enemies  on  the 
one  hand,  and  the  obligations  of  conscience  and  duty  on  the 
other;  here  their  illegal  and  arbitrary  mandates  to  restrain, 
there  the  dictates  of  reason  and  humanity,  and  even  the  au 
thority  of  Heaven  to  compel  me.  Could  I  hesitate  any  longer? 
You  may  depend  upon  it,  this  is  all  I  have  done  to  rekindle 
the  indignation  of  these  restless  spirits,  and  I  am  persecuted 
afresh,  not  for  being  an  enemy  to  my  country,  but  for  preach 
ing  the  Gospel  and  performing  Divine  Service  among  a  set  of 
poor  and  inoffensive  people,  who  are  indeed  reproached  and 
persecuted  for  their  attachment  to  me." 

Mr.  Bailey  states,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  that  "  on  the  Sun 
day  before  Christmas,  the  weather  being  pleasant  for  this  tur 
bulent  season,  we  had  a  full  congregation,  and  this  indignant 
magistrate,*  observing  a  number  of  people  passing  by  his  house 
in  their  attendance  upon  Divine  Service,  sent  directly  for  one 
of  my  Wardens,  and  with  a  flaming  countenance  and  haughty 
tone  of  voice,  and  the  most  insolent  airs  of  authority,  ordered 

*  The  High  Sheriff. 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  125 

him  to  deliver  me  the  following  imperious  message :  '  Tell  the 
Parson  that  if  he  presumes  to  discharge  his  functions  any 
longer,  I  will  immediately  commit  him  to  prison,  and  that  if 
he  do  not  enter  into  a  written  agreement  to  forbear  the  exer 
cise  of  Publick  Worship,  I  will  myself  appear  on  Christmas 
day,  attended  with  a  number  of  resolute  fellows,  and  drag  him 
headlong  out  of  the  pulpit.'  But  he  firmly  promised,  at  the 
same  time,  that  he  wrould  never  molest  me  whilst  I  continued 
in  my  own  house." 

Mr.  Bailey  sent  a  letter  to  this  individual,  in  which  he  says, 
"my  intentions  were  immediately  to  remove  upon  my  receiv 
ing  permission  from  the  (General)  Court.  But  having  met 
with  one  or  two  disappointments,  and  the  winter  advancing 
in  all  its  horrors,  I  found  it  impossible  to  depart  till  the 
weather  should  become  more  settled;  since  no  one  could  be 
prevailed  upon  to  venture  either  himself,  or  vessel  in  such  a 
stormy  season ;  and  besides,  to  undertake  a  voyage  with  a 
woman  and  young  child  in  any  convenience  I  am  able  to 
procure,  I  must  be  divested  both  of  humanity  and  common 
prudence.  Being  detained  in  this  manner  I  was  induced  to 
preach  at  the  earnest  desire  of  my  parishioners,  to  whom  I  am 
under  the  highest  obligations  of  gratitude  for  their  kind  and 
generous  concern  to  relieve  me  in  my  necessitous  circum 
stances.  I  considered  that  it  was  certainly  my  duty  to  comply 
with  their  request  till  my  removal ;  that  it  could  not  possibly 
injure  any  person  alive,  nor  occasion  any  damage  to  my  coun 
try,  for  which  I  shall  always  retain  the  warmest  affection;  and 
that  it  was  not  repugnant  to  any  laws,  since  preachers  of  all 
denominations,  as  Ana-baptists,  Separates,  Quakers,  prisoners, 
&c.,  are  allowed  to  preach  without  either  taking  the  oath,  or 
suffering  any  kind  of  molestation.  *****  Will  it  afford 
you  any  satisfaction,  on  the  one  hand,  to  enforce  the  oath  at 
the  expense  of  my  conscience,  and  the  destruction  of  rny  inter 
est,  or  on  the  other  to  confine  me  in  a  wretched  prison,  to  the 
ruin  of  my  health,  and  perhaps  my  life?  *  *  *  I  must  again 
repeat  my  desire  of  entering  into  some  friendly  agreement,  and 
that  you  will  not  put  me  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of  making 
another  application  to  the  General  Court/' 


126  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1779. 

The  next  day  after  this  letter  was  delivered  was  Christmas. 
On  account  of  the  extreme  severity  of  the  weather,  divine  ser 
vice  was  omitted.  Mr.  Bailey's  family,  with  a  few  friends, 
had  just  sat  down  to  dinner,  when  the  High  Sheriff  entered 
the  house.  A  female  relative  who  was  present  went  into  the 
kitchen  where  this  officer  was,  and  endeavored  to  "  mitigate  the 
passion  which  inflamed  him."  During  the  conversation,  one  of 
his  deputies  and  a  relative  joined  the  principal  actor  in  this 
business.  The  former  uttered  language  marked  by  profane- 
ness  and  obscenity,  which  so  provoked  a  faithful  man  servant 
that  he  threatened  him  with  personal  violence  if  it  should  be 
repeated.  This  immediately  caused  the  deputy  to  attack  the 
servant.  *  *  * 

The  account  breaks  off  abruptly  at  this  point.  The  above 
imperfect  narrative  has  been  inserted  to  fill  out,  in  a  measure, 
the  picture  of  the  troubles  that  Mr.  Bailey  experienced  after 
he  had  received  permission  from  the  highest  authority  to  leave* 
the  country,  and  was  hindered  from  availing  himself  of  that 
permission  only  by  unavoidable  circumstances. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  waiting  for  a  proper  opportunity  of  removing 
to  Halifax.  This  opportunity  did  not  offer  till  June  of  the 
following  year,  1779. 

The  Church  at  Georgetown  had  been  under  the  care  of  the 
subject  of  this  Memoir  from  his  first  arrival  in  Kennebec,  ex 
cepting  the  four  years  covered  by  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  W. 
W.  Wheeler.  The  following  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  J.  W. 
Weeks,  in  1778,  to  the  Venerable  Society,  is  a  part  of  the  his 
tory  of  that  parish  :*  "  When  I  was  in  that  part  of  the  country 
I  baptized  many  children  and  married  several  couples.  The 
Church  at  Georgetown  is  made  up  of  several  wealthy  farmers, 
who  are  noted  loyalists.  I  offered  to  preach  to  them,  but  they 
were  afraid  to  suffer  me.  They  were  all  obliged  to  pay  taxes 
to  the  dissenting  ministers,  and  they  dared  not  dispute  it."  f 

The.sufferings  of  many  people  in   Maine  during  the  latter 


*  Hawkins'  History  of  Missions,  &c.,  p.  255. 

t  The  Churchmen  in  Georgetown  hail  been  deprived  of  the  benefit  of  their  own 
rates  or  taxes  in  1767.     See  under  that  year. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  127 

portion  of  Mr.  Bailey's  residence  there,  and  the  distresses  of 
himself  and  family  are  stated  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  :  "  This 
reminds  me,  by  way  of  conclusion,  to  excite  in  your  mind  some 
faint  idea  of  the  scarcity  which  prevails  throughout  the  coun 
try.  Multitudes  of  people,  who  formerly  lived  in  affluence, 
are  now  destitute  of  a  morsel  of  bread,  and  the  remainder  are 
reduced  to  a  very  scanty  allowance.  Several  families  in  the 
lower  towns,  and  in  the  Eastern  country,  have  had  no  bread 
in  their  houses  for  three  months  together,  and  the  anxiety  and 
distress  which  this  occasions  are  truly  affecting.  Great  num 
bers  who  inhabit  near  the  sea  coast,  and  even  at  the  distance 
of  twenty  miles,  after  being  starved  into  skeletons  for  want  of 
provisions,  have  repaired  to  the  clam  banks  for  a  resource ; 
while  others,  who  were  prevented  by  their  circumstances,  or 
distant  situation,  from  acquiring  this  kind  of  food,  were  still  in 
a  more  calamitous  condition.  I  have  myself  been  witness  to 
several  exquisite  scenes  of  anguish,  besides  feeling  in  my  own 
bosom  the  bitterness  of  hunger,  and  the  utmost  anxiety  for 
the  subsistence  of  rny  family.  I  have  seen  among  my  neigh 
bours  the  most  striking  horrors  of  nakedness  and  famine. 
Many  during  the  pinching  cold  and  storms  of  winter,  exposed 
to  all  the  roughness  and  severity  of  the  season,  had  the  misfor 
tune  to  buffet  the  turbulence  of  the  weather  without  shoes  or 
stockings,  or  even  shirts.  And  when  the  spring  advanced  to 
afford  them  a  kindly  warmth,  destitute  bf  anything  to  answer 
the  importunate  demands  of  nature,  except  a  precarious  supply 
obtained  from  their  charitable  friends,  who  had  not  sufficient  to 
silence  their  own  necessitous  cravings.  Several  families  within 
the  compass  of  my  own  knowledge  have  been  for  a  long  sea 
son  deprived  of  all  sustenance  agreeable  to  their  palates,  or 
adapted  to  the  nourishment  and  support  of  the  human  body. 
It  was  impossible  to  procure  grain,  potatoes,  or  any  other  spe 
cies  of  vegetable ;  flesh,  butter  and  milk,  were  equally  scarce ; 
no  tea,  sugar,  or  molasses,  to  be  purchased  on  any  terms  ; 
nothing,  in  a  word,  but  a  little  coffee,  with  boiled  alewives,  or 
a  repast  of  clams,  and  even  of  this  unwholesome  diet  not 
enough  to  gratify  the  cravings  of  nature.  I  have  walked 
abroad  after  a  breakfast  of  these  ingredients,  weak  and  feeble 


128  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1779. 

myself,  in  hopes  to  obtain  a  dinner  among  my  more  wealthy 
acquaintance,  and  have  returned  home  disappointed  of  my 
expectations,  and  when  in  other  places  I  have  received  an 
invitation  to  eat,  have  refused,  because  I  could  not  find  an 
heart  to  deprive  a  number  of  starving  children  of  their  pitiful 
allowance,  who  were  staring  upon  me  with  hollow,  piercing 
eyes,  and  pale  and  languid  faces." 

Two  or  three  letters  from  his  correspondents,  and  a  very 
meagre  Journal  for  the  four  first  months  of  1779,  are  all  the 
papers  referring  to  the  early  part  of  that  year  that  have  come 
into  the  hands  of  the  writer.  That  the  organization  of  the 
parish  was  preserved  amid  the  gloom  which  was  gathering 
additional  blackness,  appears  from  the  following  entry : — 
«  April  5th,  1779.  Chose  our  Church  Officers."  * 
Some  of  the  occurrences  of  the  last  few  days  he  spent  in  his 
parish,  are  thus  related  in  a  letter  afterwards  written  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,  &c. :  "  I 
however  continued  to  baptize  their  children,  to  visit  the  sick, 
and  to  bury  the  dead,  till  about  a  fortnight  before  I  left  the 
country,  when  the  above-mentioned  sheriff,  with  some  of  his 
mischievous  gang,  appeared  at  a  funeral,  to  apprehend  me; 
but  through  the  vigilance  of  friends  I  had  timely  notice,  and 
escaped  the  danger."  f 


*  It  may  be  of  interest  to  record  the  names  of  the  officers  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Pownalborough,  in  the  troublous  times  spoken  of  in  the  text.  They  are  taken  from 
a  petition  sent  to  the  High  Sheriff  of  Lincoln  county,  dated  December  24th,  1778. 
The  petitioners  desire  that  Mr.  Bailey  may  be  allowed  to  officiate  the  few  Sundays 
which  remained  before  he  should  embark  for  Halifax.  This  petition  is  signed  by 
Samuel  Goodwin,  Herrick  Pillul,  Church  Wardens;  Peter  Pochard,  David  Bailey, 
George  Goud,  Philip  Mayer,  George  Mayer,  Louis  Houdlette,  Vestry. 

t  See  Note  K. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  129 


CHAPTER  VII. 

TEJE  materials  for  continuing  this  Biography  after  the  last 
date  mentioned  in  the  preceding  chapter,  are  to  be  found  in  a 
"  Journal  of  a  voyage  from  Pownalboro'  to  Halifax,  with  no 
tices  of  some  events  in  the  latter  place."  A  portion  of  this 
MS.  has  unfortunately  been  lost,  and  it  terminates  abruptly, 
but  it  is  thought  that  the  greater  part  of  what  remains  is  wor 
thy  of  publication. 

"  June  7th,  1779.  We  arose  this  morning  before  the  sun  and 
began  to  prepare  for  our  expulsion,  our  hearts  replete  with  ap 
prehension,  anxiety  and  distress. 

As  the  rising  sun  tinged  the  various  objects  around  us,  I 
beheld  the  once  delightful  scenes  with  bitter  emotions  of  grief. 
This,  in  a  word,  was  the  silent  language  of  our  faces  as  we 
looked  upon  each  other,  and  it  was  agreeable  to  the  inward 
impulse.  Must  we,  after  all  the  trouble,  harrassment  and  crue 
persecution  we  have  endured  for  the  cause  of  truth  and  virtue, 
must  we  leave  these  pleasing  scenes  of  nature,  these  friendly 
shades,  these  rising  plants,  these  opening  flowers,  these  trees 
swelling  with  fruit,  and  yonder  winding  river,  which  appears 
through  the  umbrageous  avenue,  to  revive  and  elevate  the 
mind  ?  We  must  no  longer  behold  the  splendid  orb  of  day 
peeping  over  the  eastern  hills  to  dissipate  the  fog,  and  to 
brighten  the  field  and  the  forest.  We  must  hear  no  more  the 
sweet  music  of  the  tuneful  tribe,  amidst  the  trembling  grove, 
to  gladden,  charm  and  animate  the  desponding  heart. 

But  we  quickly  perceived  other  objects  approaching  to  take 
a  mournful  farewell,  which  made  a  still  deeper  and  more  last 
ing  impression  on  the  wounded  spirits,  I  mean  a  number  of 
our  honest,  kind  and  generous  parishioners,  who  came  to  offer 
us  their  last  assistance,  and  to  let  fall  a  parting  tear !  Mr. 
Jakin,  George  Mayer,  Mrs.  Philip  Mayer,  and  other  females, 
were  present  on  this  affecting  occasion.  After  taking  a  very 
17 


130  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

slender  breakfast,  we  began  our  departure,  and  when  we  left 
the  house  and  garden,  and  turned  our  backs  upon  these  weep 
ing  friends,  I  was  obliged  to  summon  the  utmost  fortitude  to 
contend  with  the  tender  emotions  of  nature.  We  walked 
slowly  along  the  shady  road,  and  shut  out  one  enchanting 
prospect  after  another,  till  we  met  Mrs.  Pochard  and  Mrs. 
Jakin,  who,  upon  seeing  us,  were  unable  to  speak;  the  effusions 
of  sorrow  stilled  their  voices,  and  all,  for  some  minutes,  was  a 
scene  of  silent  wo !  We  proceeded  in  this  manner  through 
Mr.  Jak in's  field,  and  when  we  were  about  to  take  a  final 
adieu,  this  kind  neighbor  threw  herself  upon  the  ground,  and 
lay  sobbing  in  that  humble  posture,  till  we  could  see  her  no 
more.  We  next  called  upon  Mr.  Malbone  and  his  wife,  and 
saw  the  tears  roll  down  their  aged  cheeks. 

Mr.  Pochard  and  his  wife,  after  we  had  taken  leave  of  the 
children,  attended  us  as  far  as  Mr.  Ridley's.  When  we 
approached  his  habitation,  he  came  out  to  meet  us,  and  snatch 
ing  me  by  the  hand,  burst  into  silent  tears. 

When  the  first  emotions  were  a  little  abated,  he  began  to 
execrate  the  villains  who  had  driven  me  from  my  friends,  my 
habitation  and  parish.  Upon  entering  the  house,  they  pre 
vailed  with  us  to  take  a  dish  of  tea,  and  to  accept  of  some  pro 
visions  for  our  voyage.  Col.  Taylor  presently  appeared  to  bid 
us  adieu,  and  informed  me  that  our  magistrates  were  ready  to 
abate  somewhat  of  their  former  rigor.  Several  of  the  families, 
with  Mrs.  Pochard,  followed  us  to  my  brother's,  where  another 
scene  of  grief  and  lamentation  appeared.  Mr.  Burke  and  his 
wife  brought  their  child  here  to  be  baptized,  after  which  exer 
cise  I  took  my  leave  of  all  present,  with  an  aching  heart,  and 
embarked  in  Mr.  Ridley's  boat,  Mr.  Jakin  and  George  Mayer 
attending  us  down  the  river." 

[A  few  pages  of  the  MS.  are  wanting  here.  In  that  por 
tion  of  the  Journal  which  has  been  preserved,  it  would  seem 
that  the  exiles  had  reached  the  town  of  Georgetown,  a  few 
miles  below  their  habitation,  where  they  probably  expected  to 
pass  some  days,  before  taking  a  final  leave  of  their  native  coun 
try.  Here,  they  found  the  small  schooner  which  they  had 
engaged  for  their  voyage.]  The  account  continues  :  "  As  his 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB    BAILEY.  131 

arrival  was  two  days  sooner  than  we  expected,  it  threw  us  into 
great  perplexity,  as  our  dependence  for  provision  was  chiefly 
on  the  generosity  of  our  Georgetown  friends,  and  besides,  Capt. 
Smith  was  still  at  home,  and  was  not  expected  till  Wednesday 
morning.  To  remedy  this  last  inconvenience,  John  was  im 
mediately  despatched  with  a  message  to  Smith,  which  laid 
him  under  the  necessity  of  travelling  all  night,  while  we  pro 
ceeded  to  Mr.  Butler's.  When  we  arrived  at  this  hospitable 
mansion,  we  had  the  disagreeable  situation  to  find  all  the  fam 
ily  in  bed.  They  arose,  however,  and  procured  us  a  supper, 
and  about  midnight  we  went  to  repose. 

June  8th.  This  morning  we  arose,  cheerless,  before  the  sun, 
and  had  this  benevolent  family  to  attend  us.  They  prepared 
us  an  early  breakfast,  after*  which  they  gave  Mrs.  Bailey  a  pot 
of  butter  and  a  salmon,  and  then  attended  us  in  solemn  pro 
cession  to  the  shore.  We  looked  upon  each  other  with  dis 
consolate  faces  and  tearful  eyes,  till  the  rapid  current  carried 
us  round  the  point,  and  excluded  us  from  seeing  our  friends 
any  longer.  It  afforded  us  a  great  deal  of  concern  that  we 
were  unable  to  see  Mr.  Percey's  family  before  we  left  the  coun 
try.  We  proceeded  up  the  river  and  paid  a  short  parting 
visit  at  Mr.  Preble's.  This  friendly  and  loyal  family  gave  us 
their  hearty  good  wishes,  and  furnished  us  with  some  articles 
of  provision  for  our  voyage.  Our  next  remove  was  to  Mr. 
Carleton's.  Upon  our  arrival,  we  found  that  generous  and 
friendly  hero  gone  to  the  eastern  side  of  Pownalboro',  to  pro 
cure  us  some  provisions. 

In  the  forenoon  we  carried  our  beds,  and  the  shattered  re 
mains  of  our  fortune,  the  whole  not  worth  forty  dollars,  on 
board  our  schooner,  a  little  vessel,  not  more  than  fifteen  tons, 
with  such  slender  conveniences  that  we  were  obliged  to  make 
provision  for  lodging  in  the  hold. 

Mr.  Palmer  brought  us  several  letters  from  my  friends  at 
Broad  Bay,  containing  the  tenderest  expressions  of  good  will, 
and  the  most  hearty  and  anxious  wishes  for  our  welfare,  and 
these  were  attended  with  some  presents  to  make  us  comforta 
ble  in  our  troublesome  voyage. 

Mr.  Palmer  attended  us  in  our  return  to  Mr.   Carleton's, 


132  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;  OR,  [1779. 

where  we  dined,  and  then  went  to  visit  Mr.  William  and 
David  Gil  more.  We  passed  away  a  few  hours  and  then  took  an 
affectionate  farewell,  and  at  parting  received  some  addition  to 
our  stores.  About  six  we  returned  to  Mr.  Carleton's,  and 
drank  coffee  in  company  with  twenty-two  persons. 

The  wind  blowing  fresh  from  the  westward,  we  were  some 
what  alarmed  by  the  appearance  of  a  sail  standing  across  the 
bay  for  Mr.  Carleton's  landing.  Some  of  our  company  con 
cluded  that  it  was  either  Gushing,  or  some  of  his  infernal 
attendants,  approaching  with  a  mischievous  design  to  interrupt 
our  voyage.  I  was  extremely  anxious  for  the  event,  as  I  had 
a  number  of  papers  on  board  which  would  have  been  reckoned 
highly  treasonable  against  the  States;  but  when  the  people 
landed  we  perceived  it  was  Mr."  Carleton's  brother,  from 
Piscataqua,  who  had  excited  our  groundless  fears.  He  brought 
no  intelligence  of  a  public  nature,  but  gave  us  an  account  of 
a  terrible  tempest  of  thunder  and  lightning,  which  consumed 
in  the  space  of  thirty  minutes  a  stately  synagogue  at  Somers- 
worth,  destroyed  eight  sheep  at  a  little  distance,  and  twenty 
five  in  another  flock,  brake  to  pieces  an  huge  rock,  and 
demolished  above  forty  large  oak  trees  within  the  compass  of 
three  miles. 

WTe  had  long  been  waiting,  with  eager  expectation,  for  the 
arrival  of  Capt.  Smith,  and  the  rest  of  our  company,  from 
Pownalboro' ;  at  length  Capt.  Smith,  Mr.  Hitchins  and  John 
made  their  appearance  to  our  great  satisfaction.  Mr.  Palmer 
persuaded  them  to  attend  him  directly  on  board  our  vessel, 
which  lay  near  Mr.  Justice  Stin son's,  at  the  distance  of  two 
miles. 

Mr.  Jakins  and  the  two  Mayers,  went  by  water,  about  an 
hour  after  sunset,  when  the  former  and  Mr.  George  Mayer, 
intending  to  set  out  for  home  very  early  in  the  morning,  took 
their  leave,  which  added  another  tender  scene  to  the  many  we 
had  already  passed  through,  and  the  honest  tears  of  affection 
and  friendship  were  shed,  on  both  sides,  in  plentiful  effusions. 

About  ten  Mr.  Carleton  returned  home  from  Witchcasset, 
and  brought  me  several  articles  from  Mr.  Wood,  together  with 
some  confused  account  of  the  expedition  against  Virginia. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  133 

We  spent  the  rest  of  this  evening  in  an  agreeable  manner. 
The  thoughts,  however,  of  leaving  such  benevolent  friends 
behind,  exposed  to  the  rage  of  persecution  and  the  vengeance 
of  rebels,  afforded  us  at  times  some  uneasy  sensations. 

June  9/A.  When  the  morning  opened,  we  perceived  that 
the  Westerly  winds  were  died  away,  and  that  a  dry  fog  hov 
ered  over  the  land,  which  afforded  us  no  very  pleasing  prospect. 

Our  friends  were  disheartened  at  the  threatening  symptoms 
of  drought,  and  both  corn  and  grass  were  beginning  to  languish 
in  the  fields. 

Just  before  sunrise  we  bid  this  hospitable  family  adieu  with 
tender  regret,  and  proceeded  along  the  woods  to  the  ferry 
below  Hell's  Gate.  During  this  long  and  tedious  walk  we 
were  greatly  incommoded  with  the  heat  of  the  season  and  the 
innumerable  swarms  of  voracious  insects.  Upon  oar  arrival 
at  the  water,  we  made  a  signal  for  the  boat,  and  were  carried 
on  board  the  schooner,  but,  to  our  extreme  regret,  perceived 
that  Mr.  Hitchins  had  returned  back  with  Mr.  Jakins  and 
Mayer. 

This  man  had  endured  a  variety  of  persecutions  for  his 
integrity,  and  was  now  reduced  to  extreme  poverty;  he  had  a 
wife  and  several  small  children,  but  he  concluded  that  it  was 
more  prudent  to  leave  them  to  the  mercy  of  the  country,  than 
to  run  the  risk  of  imprisonment  and  death,  without  affording 
them  any  assistance.  But  Mr.  Palmer,  not  knowing  his  real 
character,  and  thinking  that  he  would  incommode  us  in  our 
passage,  had  compelled  him,  in  a  manner,  to  leave  the  vessel. 

About  nine  we  got  under  way  with  a  gentle  breeze  from 
the  south-west,  and  fell  down  between  Parker's  Island  and 
Jeremisquam  into  Sheepscot  River.  The  country  hereabouts 
made  a  romantic  appearance,  fine  groves  of  tall  trees,  shrubby 
evergreens,  craggy  rocks,  cultivated  fields  and  human  habita 
tions,  alternately  presented  themselves  to  view,  and  yielded 
a  profusion  of  pleasure  to  the  imagination. 

When  we  entered  Sheepscot  River  the  rolling  ocean  presented 
itself  in  open  prospect,  and  we  perceived  a  number  of  vessels 
sailing  at  a  distance.  About  two  o'clock  we  got  into  the  sea, 


134  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

and  began  to  steer  towards  the  east,  but  the  wind  failing  we 
made  but  a  slow  progress. 

We  attempted  to  avoid  a  fishing  vessel  in  our  neighborhood, 
lest  some  accident  should  interrupt  our  voyage,  but  we  were 
unable  to  carry  our  intention,  for  she  came  alongside,  and  we 
found  the  schooner  belonged  to  Dennis  Gatchell,  of  Bodingham, 
a  late  convert  from  rebellion  and  independence.  He  gave  us 
a  little  salt,  and  pronounced  his  benediction. 

As  night  approached  it  grew  perfectly  calm,  and  we  were 
obliged  to  anchor  in  Cape  Newaggen  harbour,  a  little  to  the 
west  of  Booth  Bay.  This  is  an  excellent  station  for  small 
shipping.  The  land  rises  with  an  easy  slope  from  the  water's 
edge  on  the  north  and  partly  on  the  east,  while  the  remainder 
is  surrounded  with  islands  on  which  were  erected  fishermen's 
huts.  Between  these  islands  you  pass  into  the  harbour  through 
very  small  inlets. 

Soon  after  our  arrival,  Mr.  Gatchell  came  in  and  dropped 
an  anchor  near  us.  As  I  am  always  impatient  to  go  on  shore 
whenever  it  is  possible,  T  persuaded  our  men  to  get  the  boat 
in  readiness,  and  Mr.  Palmer  and  Mrs.  Bailey,  her  neice  and 
little  son, accompanied  me;  we  landed  upon  the  northern  shore. 

The  land,  from  the  water  to  some  considerable  distance,  was 
destitute  of  trees  and  covered  with  grass  exceedingly  green 
and  flourishing,  notwithstanding  the  dryness  of  the  season ; 
the  soil,  though  rocky,  is  rich,  and  we  observed  that  the  plants 
and  flowers,  which  grew  in  abundance,  were  large  and  thriving. 
We  followed  some  of  the  winding  paths  towards  the  east,  till 
the  prospect  opened  into  Townsend  harbour,  which  stretches 
a  long  way  from  the  sea  up  to  the  northward.  After  we  had 
diverted  ourselves  awhile  with  walking  among  these  romantic 
scenes,  we  returned  near  the  landing,  and  reposed  upon  the 
grass  till  evening  advanced  to  spread  abroad  her  cooling  and 
refreshing  shades.  While  we  continued  here,  I  observed  at 
some  distance,  the  ruins  of  an  human  habitation,  with  the 
vestiges  of  a  garden,  constructed  among  the  rocks.  This,  Mr. 
Palmer  informed  me,  was  formerly  the  abode  of  an  hermit, 
who,  meeting  with  a  cruel  disappointment  in  a  love  matter, 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  135 

retired  from  all  society,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days, 
to  extreme  old  age,  in  this  forsaken  retreat.  Mr.  Gatchell 
came  on  shore,  and  entered  into  a  long  conversation  with  us, 
concerning  his  former  conduct  and  present  sentiments  with  re 
gard  to  the  American  rebellion.  He  had  been  both  a  committee 
man  and  a  captain  of  the  Militia,  till  falling  in  company  with 
the  famous  Mr.  Sands,*  he  changed  his  licentious  principles, 
and  from  a  furious  and  revengeful  rebel,  became  a  sincere  and 
peaceable  subject.  He  declared,  that  however  improbable  it 
might  appear,  he  had  heretofore  acted  from  honest,  though 
mistaken  principles.  He  acknowledged,  that  he,  in  strict 
justice,  deserved  no  mercy  from  a  sovereign  he  had  so  greatly 
abused,  but  still  flattered  himself  with  the  hopes  of  forgiveness, 
from  the  known  lenity  of  the  British  Government,  and  the 
great  humanity  of  his  Royal  Master.  He  gave  me  several 
anecdotes  concerning  the  malice  and  violence  of  Gushing, 
which  to  a  stranger  would  appear  to  exceed  the  limits  of  prob 
ability.  After  supper,  the  persons  belonging  to  my  family 
took  possession  of  the  hold,  and  spread  our  beds  upon  the 
hard  stones  which  were  collected  for  ballast,  a  most  humble 
and  gloomy  situation.  We  had  not  long  been  composed  to 
sleep,  before  we  were  aroused  by  thunder,  and  saw  the  light 
ning  flashing  through  the  crevices  with  tremendous  glare,  while 
the  rain,  pouring  through  the  leaky  deck,  fell  upon  us  in 
streams. 

June  10th.  This  morning,  after  a  succession  of  fine  showers, 
which  greatly  refreshed  the  face  of  nature,  the  wind  began  to 
breeze  from  the  north-west.  This  favourable  incident  deter 
mined  us  to  weigh  anchor  and  to  display  our  sails.  We  soon 
ran  down  to  Pemaquid,  and  saw  at  a  distance,  up  a  large 
opening  to  the  northward,  a  number  of  fine  settlements  around 
the  ancient  port,  while  to  the  S.  W.,  we  had  a  pleasing  prospect 
of  Damariscove  Island,  mostly  cleared  land,  with  one  or  two 
habitations ;  to  the  S.  E.,  the  Isle  of  Monhegan  rose  like  a 


*  QUEUE — Robert  Sandemnn  ?  This  person  founded  a  religious  sect  which  took 
his  name.  Many  of  his  followers  were  Loyalists.  See  Sabine's  American  Loyalists. 
p.  591. 


136  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

mountain  out  of  the  ocean.  We  discovered  a  topsail  schooner 
standing  to  the  south,  which  was  afterwards  taken,  as  we 
understood,  by  the  Blonde  frigate.  We  no\v  approached 
Pemaquid  point,  an  extensive,  narrow  headland,  running  out 
into  the  sea  for  many  miles.  The  shores,  1  observed,  were 
very  high,  rocky  and  rude,  covered  with  a  fine  appearance  of 
trees,  but  destitute  of  any  improvements  or  human  habitations. 
We  were  obliged  to  beat  all  the  way.  for  eighteen  miles,  up  to 
Broad  Cove,  in  order  to  discharge  Mr.  Palmer.  In  our  passage, 
we  passed  by  a  beautiful  island  in  possession  of  the  famous 
Will  Loud,  containing  several  hundred  acres  of  rich  land. 
Opposite  to  this  estate,  on  the  western  shore,  was  situated 
Round  Pond,  encircled  with  a  number  of  elegant  settlements. 

We  came  to  an  anchor  a  little  above  Loud's  Island,  and 
took  our  leave,  with  regret,  of  our  zealous  friend,  Mr.  Palmer. 
After  he  was  gone,  in  order  to  divert  our  melancholy,  while  the 
people  were  filling  their  casks  with  water,  we  went  on  shore 
to  a  neighboring  house,  where  we  met  with  a  friendly  reception. 
About  four  in  the  afternoon  we  set  sail,  and  proceeded  almost 
to  St.  George's  Island,  under  the  assistance  of  a  propitious 
breeze,  but,  on  a  sudden,  the  wind  shifted  to  the  south-east, 
and  blew  with  some  degree  of  violence,  which  compelled  us  to 
alter  our  course,  and  to  stand  up  the  river  towards  the  settle 
ments  in  Broad  Cove.  Nothing  could  be  more  romantic  and 
pleasing  than  the  prospects  around  us. 

As  we  sailed  up  the  harbour  a  number  of  islands  of  various 
shapes  and  sizes,  partly  cultivated,  and  partly  in  their  primeval 
wildness,  presented  themselves  to  view  in  alternate  succession, 
till  we  had  a  distant  appearance  of  the  Dutch  plantations  at 
Broad  Bay,  lying  contiguous  on  both  sides  of  the  river.  At 
length  the  fine  settlements  on  the  Bristol  shore  suddenly 
opened  upon  us,  the  fields  arrayed  in  virgin  green,  gently 
sloping  down  to  the  water,  exhibited  an  idea  of  cheerfulness 
and  joy.  The  reflection,  however,  that  we  were  doomed  to 
abandon  these  pleasant  scenes,  checked  the  rising  emotions 
of  the  heart,  and  filled  our  minds  with  the  glooms  of  melancholy 
and  sorrow. 

When  we  came  to  anchor,  the  two  brothers  conducted  us  on 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  137 

shore,  and  we  walked  through  a  range  of  fields  and  pastures 
to  the  habitation  of  Mr.  Rhodes,  who  received  us  with  sincere 
expressions  of  hospitality.  The  sun  was  now  descending 
towards  the  margin  of  the  western  horizon,  and  every  object 
was  brightened  with  his  beams  and  softened  with  the  coolino1 
breezes  of  evening.  We  were  soon  provided  with  a  dish  of 
tea,  which,  after  our  fatigue  and  sickness  upon  the  water, 
afforded  us  a  seasonable  refreshment.  After  this  grateful 
repast,  we  walked  among  the  rural  scenes,  arid  surveyed  them 
with  a  pleasing  regret,  and  having  spent  the  remainder  of  the 
evening  in  conversation,  supper  and  devotion,  we  went  to 
repose,  and  slept  quietly  till  the  morning. 

MR.    RHODES. 

This  generous  farmer  was  born  in  Germany,  and  emigrated 
from  those  dominions  in  the  early  part  of  his  life.  By  his 
sobriety,  uprightness  and  industry,  he  has  acquired  an  handsome 
fortune,  and  had  the  curse  of  rebellion  never  fallen  upon 
America,  he  would  live  in  elegance  and  plenty  without  the 
labour  of  his  hands ;  but  his  family,  in  common  with  others, 
has  been  reduced  to  a  morsel  of  bread,  through  the  iniquity 
and  distress  of  the  times.  This  man,  by  a  spirit  of  industry, 
has  acquired  a  considerable  degree  of  knowledge,  and,  though 
in  a  remote  corner  of  the  world,  understands  both  men  and 
things,  to  a  degree  beyond  persons  in  his  station  of  life.  He 
is  rather  silent,  than  talkative,  yet  curious  and  inquisitive,  and 
listens  with  attention  to  whatever  is  advanced  in  conversation, 
which  sometimes  inclines  him  to  be  wavering  in  religion  and 
politicks,  but  when  he  has  leisure  to  indulge  his  own  reflections, 
he  always  fixes  in  favor  of  the  Church  and  British  Govern 
ment.  He  is  humane,  generous  and  hospitable,  but  is  wholly 
destitute  of  noise  in  his  benevolent  communications;  no  man 
has  a  greater  portion  of  integrity,  or  is  more  disposed  to  make 
his  neighbors  happy.  But  with  all  these  virtues,  and  a  dispo 
sition  never  to  contradict  or  irritate,  he  could  not  escape  the 
malice  and  vengeance  of  liberty;  but  notwithstanding  his 
mildness  and  moderation,  neither  threatenings  nor  persuasion 

could [A  part  of  the  MS.  is  wanting.] 

18 


138  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

June  12th.  This  morning  when  daylight  appeared  we  got 
under  weigh,  with  a  light  breeze  from  the  north-west,  which 
soon  carried  us  out  of  the  harbour.  We  steered  an  E.  S.  E. 
course,  intending  to  cross  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  but  before 
we  had  gained  two  leagues  from  St.  George's  Island,  it  became 
entirely  calm,  during  which  we  caught  a  considerable  quantity 
of  cod-fish.  After  rolling  in  the  sea  for  two  or  three  hours,  the 
wind  began  to  breeze  from  the  S.  S.  E.,  which  obliged  us  to 
keep  close  hauled;  but  before  we  could  reach  the  Island  of 
Metinic,  a  thick  fog  set  in,  which  excluded  us  from  the  sight 
of  any  land.  This  induced  us  to  bear  away  for  the  Muscle 
Ridges,  a  number  of  islands  lying  off  St.  George's,  to  the  west 
of  Penobscot  Bay.  In  our  progress  towards  a  convenient 
harbour,  we  were  alarmed  by  the  firing  of  cannon  at  some 
distance  on  the  eastern  points  of  the  compass.  A  thick  fog, 
attended  by  a  stormy  wind,  prevented  us  from  making  land 
till  we  came  almost  upon  it.  We  at  length  discovered  an 
opening,  through  which  we  explored  a  passage  without  any 
disaster,  and  came  to  anchor  a  little  to  the  leeward  of  several 
small  islands.  Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  immediately  went  on  shore, 
at  a  little  beach,  which  opened  between  the  rocks.  The  land 
was  covered  with  trees,  and  the  skirts  of  the  upland  covered 
with  gooseberry  bushes,  alexander,  and  a  multitude  of  curious 
plants  and  flowers  of  luxurious  growth  and  various  colors, 
which  formed  an  elegant  border  to  these  wild  and  romantic 
scenes.  Nothing  could  be  more  unequal  and  deformed  than  the 
appearances  around  us,  as  we  walked  along  the  margin  of 
this  island;  here  we  encountered  a  vast  pile  of  ragged  stones, 
thrown  upon  each  other  in  the  utmost  disorder,  resembling  the 
ruins  of  nature;  there  a  rocky  promontory,  breaking  suddenly 
into  horrid  precipices,  with  tremendous  chasms  and  caverns 
gaping  beneath  us;  on  this  hand  a  smooth  and  even  beach, 
covered  with  small  pebbles,  and  gently  sloping  to  the  edge  of 
the  water;  on  that  a  level  spot  adorned  with  green  and  enam 
eled  with  flowers. 

After  we  had  diverted  ourselves  with  these  various  appear 
ances,  we  returned  on  board  and  drank  coffee.  But  curiosity 
impelled  us  to  visit  another  island  which  lay  at  a  farther 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  139 

distance  towards  the  south-east.  The  tide  was  so  rapid  and 
replete  with  eddies  and  whirlpools,  that  it  was  with  some 
difficulty  and  hazard  we  reached  the  destined  shore.  We 
found  here,  a  fine,  sandy  beach  with  an  elegant  slope,  but  the 
island  was  so  overgrown  with  immense  trees,  chiefly  yellow 
birch,  and  underbrush,  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  pene 
trate  the  thickets.  We  discovered,  in  our  excursions,  a  number 
of  flowers  and  plants  of  the  same  species  which  flourish  upon 
the  other  neighbouring  islands.  We  reached  our  vessel  about 
sunset,  when  an  heavy  mist  set  in,  and  the  wind  began  to 
breeze  from  the  eastern  points  of  the  compass. 

We  passed  away  the  evening  in  as  agreeable  a  manner  as 
our  present  situation  would  permit,  being  no  less  than  ten 
persons  crowded  in  the  small  cabin,  amid  heat  and  smoke, 
till  we  were  almost  suffocated,  and  then  were  obliged  to  repair 
upon  deck  to  breathe  a  purer  air,  but  here  we  were  incommoded 
with  the  chilly  fog  and  a  numerous  army  of  mosquitos.  After 
supper  we  confined  ourselves  to  our  imprisonment  in  the  hold, 
a  dark  and  gloomy  situation,  where  we  were  tormented  with 
the  stench  of  bilge  water,  and  other  disagreeable  odors. 

June  13/A.  (Sunday.)  This  morning  opened  with  the  same 
kind  of  weather  as  the  preceding  day,  and  this  season,  devoted 
to  Christian  joy  and  festivity,  passed  away  without  affording 
us  any  agreeable  or  cheerful  incident. 

We  however  endeavored  to  preserve  each  other  from  sinking 
into  melancholy.  To  persons  in  our  situation,  scarce  any 
thing  could  be  more  disagreeable  than  to  be  detained  by 
contrary  winds,  in  the  neighborhood  of  those  hostile  shores 
from  which  we  were  fleeing.  After  dinner  Captain  Smith 
thought  it  prudent  to  remove  to  a  more  convenient  station,  as 
the  air  and  heavens  proclaimed  an  approaching  tempest,  and 
we  lay  somewhat  exposed  to  the  ravages  of  a  north-east  wind. 
In  consequence  of  this  determination,  we  sailed  about  a  mile 
to  the  eastern-most  of  this  range  of  islands,  and  came  to  anchor 
at  the  enterance  of  a  convenient  little  harbour,  which  formed 
a  narrow  opening  into  a  large  island.  On  the  north  shore  we 
perceived  a  little  habitation  with  a  considerable  quantity  of 
improved  land  around  it.  This  was  a  pleasing  sight,  as  we 


140  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

had  lately  seen  nothing  except  water  and  uncultivated  wilds. 
On  the  opposite  shore,  we  presently  discovered  another  build 
ing  contiguous  to  a  large  growth  of  trees,  with  some  little 
green  patches  between  it  and  the  margin  of  the  water.  We 
had  no  sooner  secured  our  vessel,  than  John  Hoffman,  and  the 
other  two 'Dutchmen,  took  the  boat  and  went  on  shore  to 
procure  a  little  milk.  They  quickly  returned  on  board  in  high 
spirits,  and  with  joy  sparkling  from  their  eyes,  assuring  us  that 
a  British  fleet,  with  a  detachment  of  land  forces  from  Halifax, 
had  just  arrived  in  the  country,  and  were  resolved  to  take 
possession  of  the  country  and  erect  a  fort  in  Penobscot  Bay. 
We  imagined  this  report  to  be  too  fortunate  to  be  true,  espe 
cially  as  the  people  had  it  only  from  uncertain  rumour.  One 
circumstance,  however,  seemed  to  confirm  it;  we  had,  the 
the  preceding  forenoon,  taken  notice  of  a  large  square-rigged 
vessel  standing  along  without  the  island,  which  we  now  had 
reason  to  apprehend  was  one  of  the  royal  fleet.  These 
appearances  served  to  amuse  us  during  supper,  and  furnished 
abundant  matter  of  conversation  and  gave  rise  to  a  variety  of 
conjectures.  They  however  deprived  me,  in  a  great  measure, 
of  sleep,  and  I  lay  with  eager  impatience  for  the  morning 
light. 

June  14//i.  After  we  arose,  we  began  instantly  to  prepare 
for  going  on  shore  before  breakfast,  intending  to  take  materials 
with  us  for  that  purpose,  but  we  were  detained  a  little  by  a 
miserable  object  from  the  house  which  stood  on  the  southern 
side  of  the  harbour.  The  man  had  famine  strongly  pictured 
in  his  face,  and  informed  us  that  his  wife  had  been  delivered 
of  a  child  about  ten  days  before,  and  that  she  bad  ever  since 
been  destitute  of  any  kind  of  sustenance,  except  one  gill  of 
Indian  meal  and  a  fish.  Mrs.  Bailey  was  so  moved  with  her 
situation  that  she  sent  her  some  relief,  notwithstanding  we 
had  the  greatest  prospect  of  suffering  ourselves  before  we 
could  reach  the  limits  of  Nova  Scotia.  We  landed  about 
seven  in  the  morning,  and  were  rejoiced  to  find  ourselves  once 
more  delivered  from  a  wretched  confinement.  We  approached 
the  house  with  some  degree  of  timidity,  being  ignorant  of 
the  people  and  uncertain  what  kind  of  reception  they  might 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  141 

give  us.  Mrs.  Bailey  was  dressed  with  a  small  roll  upon  her 
head,  which  induced  Mrs.  Welch,  mistress  of  the  house,  and 
her  father  to  exclaim  with  the  utmost  vehemence  against  the 
wickedness  of  the  times,  and  when  they  perceived  that  she 
was  a  minister's  wife,  they  conceived  the  wearing  of  the  roll 
to  be  an  unpardonable  crime.  It  is  really  surprising  that 
when  so  many  flagrant  vices  prevail  in  the  country,  such  as 
the  most  daring  profaneness,  perjury,  and  a  visible  contempt 
for  all  religious  institutions,  not  to  mention  the  oppression, 
injustice  and  inhumanity  that  is  everywhere  practiced  with 
impunity,  I  repeat  that  it  is  surprising,  that  in  such  circum 
stances,  people  should  imagine  that  any  particular  fashion 
should  occasion  the  indignation  of  Heaven  against  our  country, 
or  to  imagine  that  dress  or  external  habit  engages  the  attention 
of  the  Deity,  more  than  the  conduct  of  our  lives,  the  words  of 
our  mouths,  or  the  sentiments  of  our  hearts.  To  rail  against 
fashions  has  always  been  the  employment  of  little  and  narrow 
minds,  and  is  a  convincing  evidence  of  a  mean  and  sordid 
pride,  which  envies  every  person  who  is  able  to  appear  in  any 
distinction  above  ourselves.  Mr.  Welch,  however,  discovered 
a  greater  knowledge  of  the  world,  and  reproved  his  wife  for 
her  censorious  disposition;  this  had  an  happy  effect,  and  we 
were  afterwards  treated  with  as  much  respect  and  consideration 
as  we  could  expect.  The  weather  being  very  stormy,  we 
were  chiefly  confined  to  the  house,  I,  however,  frequently  ven 
tured  abroad  in  the  rain  to  examine  the  various  scenes  around 
us,  especially  the  vegetable  productions,  which  flourished  here 
in  great  perfection.  The  soil  of  this  island  is  composed  of 
dark,  rich  earth,  intermixed  with  a  vast  profusion  of  clam 
shells,  to  the  extent  of  several  feet  deep,  which  kind  of  com 
position  is  extremely  favourable  to  vegetation.  These  appear 
ances  are  a  strong  indication  that  this  island  was  formerly  a 
noted  place  of  rendezvous  for  the  Indians,  who  resided  here  in 
great  numbers  in  their  fishing  season.  Mr.  Welch  had  a 
pretty  garden  spot,  contiguous  to  his  house,  which  afforded  me 
some  amusement,  though,  I  must  confess,  I  could  not  survey 
the  various  objects  and  rising  plants  without  many  sorrowful 
emotions;  everything  about  rne  recalled  the  pleasing  scenes  I 


142  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY  ;     OR,  [1779. 

had  forsaken,  the  delightful  fruits  of  my  labour,  and  excited  a 
number  of  uneasy  and  painful  sensations.  After  I  had  fatigued 
myself  with  walking  in  the  wet  and  viewing  every  object 
worthy  of  observation,  I  reentered  the  house  and  diverted 
myself  with  the  conversation  and  long  stories  of  father  Renkin. 
He  was  between  seventy  and  eighty  years  of  age,  had  read  a 
few  authors,  just  sufficient  to  excite  his  vanity,  and  had  some 
considerable  acquaintance  with  all  the  ancient  settlers  in  the 
eastern  country,  and  was  able  to  furnish  several  curious  anec 
dotes  of  them  and  their  ancestors.  His  notions,  however, 
were  very  contracted,  and,  like  a  true  Irish  Presbyterian,  he 
was  better  pleased  to  censure  than  applaud.  We  here  received 
a  confirmation  of  the  British  invasion,  and  though  the  people 
here  had  always  favored  the  rebellion,  they  were  now  extremely 
forward  to  make  a  seasonable  submission,  since  any  kind  of 
resistance  would  only  contribute  to  increase  their  misfortunes, 
and,  «  besides,'  continued  they,  <  it  must  be  for  our  interest  to 
receive  protection  and  support  from  the  Britons,  as  our  adher 
ence  to  Congress  can  assure  us  nothing  but  misery,  nakedness 
and  famine.'  After  dining  on  shore,  and  making  several 
excursions  abroad,  we  returned  to  our  vessel  about  sunset, 
when  the  storm  began  to  rage  with  increasing  violence.  The 
noise  of  the  winds,  the  dashing  of  the  waves  against  the 
adjacent  rocks,  and  the  falling  of  the  rain  upon  the  deck,  were 
sufficient  to  prevent  us  from  taking  any  comfortable  repose. 

June  15th.  When  we  arose  in  the  morning  we  perceived 
the  weather  to  be  still  wet  and  storming,  with  the  wind  about 
east;  and,  as  there  was  no  prospect  of  sailing,  we  determined 
to  spend  the  day  on  shore.  The  people  received  us  with  civil 
ity,  especially  as  we  were  able  to  give  them  a  taste  of  bread, 
which  was  here  an  extreme  rarity.  I  observed  that  vegetables 
upon  these  islands  were  at  least  ten  days  later  in  their  advance 
towards  perfection  than  at  Pownalboro';  this  must  certainly 
be  owing  to  the  sea  air  and  the  frequency  of  fogs.  I  found 
Mr.  Welch  very  obliging,  and  disposed  to  give  me  all  the  as 
sistance  and  entertainment  in  his  power.  After  dinner,  as  the 
girls  were  walking  out,  they  returned  in  surprise,  and  declared 
they  had  discovered  a  barge  full  of  men  making  towards  the 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  143 

shore  on  the  north-eastern  side  of  the  island.  At  the  same 
time  Capt.  Smith  and  Dr.  Myers  arrived  from  our  vessel, 
bringing  information  that  a  large  brig  passed  by  an  opening 
to  the  northward,  between  two  islands.  This  intelligence  de 
termined  Mr.  Welch,  Capt.  Smith,  and  I,  to  walk  round  the 
island,  but  to  our  mortification  we  were  unable  to  make  any 
discovery,  the  brig,  we  imagined,  having  slipped  into  Owl's 
Head,  at  the  distance  of  a  league,  —  the  wind  favoring  such  a 
movement.  As  \ve  were  returning,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the 
island,  an  heavy  shower  overtook  us,  and  we  were  alarmed  by 
several  loud  and  rattling  peals  of  thunder,  upon  which  the 
clouds  began  to  disperse  and  the  Heavens  to  brighten.  But 
this  flattering  prospect  did  not  long  continue,  for  as  the  even 
ing  advanced  an  heavy  dark  mist  overspread  both  the  land 
and  water. 

We  spent  this  day  more  agreeably  than  the  former,  and  had 
a  variety  of  incidents  to  drive  away  melancholy  reflections; 
for  notwithstanding  we  assumed  an  air  of  cheerfulness  and 
resolution,  it  occasioned  us  abundance  of  regret  and  chagrin, 
when  we  found  ourselves  departing  from  our  native  country, 
to  seek  a  refuge  in  a  foreign  region,  among  strangers,  who 
would  probably  eye  us  with  suspicion  and  jealousy;  and,  be 
sides,  compulsion  is  always  attended  with  uneasy  sensations. 
Men  can  readily  quit  the  land  which  gave  them  birth  and  ed 
ucation  when  interest,  pleasure,  or  curiosity  entice  them ;  but 
when  they  are  expelled  by  faction,  or  legal  authority,  the  case 
is  extremely  different;  our  pride,  in  these  circumstances,  is 
alarmed,  and  that  natural  abhorrence  that  every  mortal  has  to 
restraint,  embitters  our  minds,  and  we  repair  to  the  place  of 
our  banishment,  however  delightful  and  advantageous,  with 
reluctance  and  aversion.  But  what  rendered  our  situation 
still  more  distressing,  was  the  uncertainty  of  our  return  to  our 
country,  our  friends,  and  habitation. 

About  dark  we  returned  again  to  our  prison,  and  having  pre 
pared  supper,  continued  to  divert  ourselves  in  the  best  mariner 
we  were  able.  We  however  proposed  the  next  morning,  should 
wind  and  weather  permit,  to  go  in  search  of  the  British  fleet, 
and  then  went  to  repose. 


144  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

June  16/A.  This  morning,  when  we  awoke,  a  little  before 
sunrise,  we  had  the  agreeable  information  that  the  weather 
was  fine  and  elear,  and  the  wind  beginning  to  breeze  from  the 
west.  This  intelligence  revived  our  spirits,  but  we  were 
obliged  to  wait  for  the  tide  till  after  breakfast,  for  it  being 
spring  tides,  the  water  had  ebbed  out  so  low  that  we  were 
aground.  It  was  with  great  impatience  that  we  waited  till  the 
element  returned  to  assist  our  escape;  at  length,  about  nine, 
we  came  to  sail,  and  passed  through  a  narrow  channel,  and 
stood  away  towards  Owl's  Head,  under  favour  of  a  propitious 
gale,  with  a  view  to  discover,  if  possible,  some  of  the  British 
fleet.  We  stood  away  to  the  northward  till  we  had  a  fair 
prospect  into  Owl's  Head  Harbour,  but  no  vessels  appearing, 
we  had  some  dispute  whether  we  should  proceed  up  Penob- 
scot  Bay,  or  direct  our  course  for  Nova  Scotia.  I  was  inclined 
to  favour  the  former  proposal,  but  the  rest  of  our  company 
being  anxious  to  visit  Halifax,  and  Mrs.  Bailey  expressing  her 
fears  that  instead  of  finding  British  ships,  we  should  fall  among 
rebel  cruisers,  I  gave  directions  to  cross  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 
Nothing  could  be  more  flattering  than  the  prospect  before  us; 
the  sky  was  serene,  with  a  gentle  gale  from  the  west  north 
west,  and  a  number  of  small  clouds  over  the  land,  promised  a 
propitious  season.  We  were,  besides,  charmed  with  the  va 
rious  appearances  around  us,  —  the  ocean,  interspersed  with  a 
multitude  of  fine  islands,  of  different  shapes  and  dimensions; 
to  the  north,  Penobscot  Bay  opened  into  the  land,  with  its  nu 
merous  inlands,  covered  with  lofty  trees,  except  here  and  there 
an  infant  plantation,  while  beyond,  the  Camden  Mountains 
arose  in  majestic  grandeur,  throwing  their  rugged  summits 
above  the  clouds;  these,  as  we  approached  the  Fox  Islands 
without,  began  gradually  to  diminish  till  their  dusky  azure  re 
sembled  the  seat  of  a  thunder-tempest,  advancing  to  discharge 
its  vengeance  on  some  distant  shore.  But  while  we  were 
viewing  these  romantic  scenes  with  a  mixture  of  delight  and 
veneration,  and  taking  leave  of  our  native  regions  with  melan 
choly  regret,  the  wind  suddenly  shifted  into  the  S.  S.  W.,  and 
a  thick  fog  covered  the  surface  of  the  ocean  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  exclude  every  object.  This  incident  afforded  us  abun- 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  145 

dance  of  perplexity,  as  we  had  to  pass  through  a  multitude  of 
islands  and  rocks,  none  of  which  could  be  discovered  at  the 
distance  of  ten  rods.  We  however  ventured  to  continue  our 
voyage  in  this  uncertain  situation.  The  wind  continued  to 
blow  a  moderate  gale,  though  it  remained  so  scanty  that 
we  were  obliged  to  go  close-hauled.  In  the  afternoon  the 
weather  for  several  hours  was  obscure  and  gloomy,  and  gave  us 
uneasy  apprehensions  of  an  approaching  storm,  a  circumstance 
no  ways  agreeable  to  persons  confined  to  such  a  little  shallop, 
in  so  threatening  a  tract  of  the  ocean  as  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 
These  apprehensions  continued  to  disturb  our  repose  till  about 
an  hour  before  night,  when  the  sun  brake  forth  in  all  the 
brightness  of  his  departing  glory,  and  tinged  the  summits  of 
the  rolling  waves  with  his  level  beams.  At  the  same  time  we 
had  a  distant  view  of  Mount  Desert,  at  an  immense  distance, 
setting  like  a  hillock  on  the  water.  All  our  company  by  this 
time  were  extremely  sick,  except  the  Captain,  who  was  obliged 
to  continue  at  the  helm  till  the  returning  light  began  to  dis 
perse  the  shades  of  darkness.  The  wind  continued  somewhat 
favourable  till  after  midnight,  when  it  died  away  for  more  than 
two  hours,  then  sprang  up  S.  E.,  almost  ahead ;  about  sunrise 
came  to  the  east,  then  N.  N.  E.,  where  it  freshened  up  into  a 
severe  gale.  It  was  now  tide  of  flood,  and  the  current  pro 
ceeding  in  direct  opposition  to  the  wind,  a  sharp  and  dan 
gerous  sea  commenced.  After  reefing  we  attempted  to  scud, 
but  the  seas  rolling  over  the  vessel  obliged  us  to  bring  to. 
The  tempest  still  increased ;  the  wind  roared  like  thunder  in 
the  shrouds;  the  ocean  around  us  was  all  ragged  and  deformed, 
and  we  were  filled  with  great  agitation  and  dread,  expecting 
every  moment  to  be  swallowed  up  in  the  immense  abyss.  We 
were  unable  to  take  any  refreshment,  and  continued  till  the 
storm  abated  confined  to  our  miserable  apartments. 

June  17//J.  The  storm  continuing  to  rage  with  unceasing 
violence,  we  found  ourselves  in  a  very  uneasy  and  dangerous 
situation,  for,  as  I  have  already  observed,  the  tides  at  this  sea 
son  were  exceeding  full,  which  occasioned  them  to  set  into  the 
Bay  of  Fundy  with  rapid  violence,  and  the  wind  blowing  hard 
against  the  current  drove,  the  water  into  irregular  heaps,  which 
19 


146  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;   OR,  [1779. 

appeared  on  every  hand  like  enormous  rocks  or  pillars, — here 
rising  in  a  conic  form  to  an  amazing  height,  and  there  breaking 
into  tremendous  precipices  or  falling  rains,  while  immense 
caverns,  gaping  from  beneath,  threatened  us  with  immediate 
destruction.  I  was,  during  these  commotions;  confined  with 
my  family  in  the  hold,  but  the  weather  being  warm  and  the 
vessel  extremely  tight,  we  contrived  to  keep  the  hatchway 
partly  open  to  let  in  fresh  air  and  to  prevent  suffocation.  The 
consequence  of  this  precaution  was  a  deluge  of  water  j  for  the 
waves,  breaking  over  the  deck,  came  pouring  i?p»o»  ns7  and 
almost  drowned  us  in  our  wretched  confinement,  Isn  attempt 
ing  to  scud  before  the  wind  and  billows  we  were  in  imminent 
danger — a  mighty  wave  brake  over  the  stern  and  instantly 
plunged  our  trembling  vessel  under  water;  this  obliged  the 
captain  to  bring  to,  upon  which  alteration  we  became  more 
secure  till  the  tempest  abated.  During  the  continuance  of 
this  conflict  our  situation  was  extremely  uneasy,  every  soul  on 
board  except  Captain  Smith  being  dying  sick,  and  unable  to 
afford  him  the  least  assistance,  which  rendered  his  care  and 
labour  abundantly  more  distressing.  We  that  were  imprison 
ed  in  the  hold  were  in  a  most  woful  pickle,  almost  stifled  with 
the*  fumes  of  bilge  water,  our  beds  swimming,  our  clothes  drip- 
pino-  wet,  and  our  minds  under  the  greatest  anxiety  for  our 
selves  and  each  other.  The  thoughts  of  being  driven  from  our 
country,  our  much  loved  home,  and  all  those  endearing  con- 
flaetions  we  had  been  forming  for  so  many  years,  and,  if  we 
escaped  the  angry  vengeance  of  the  ocean,  the  expectation  of 
landing  on  a  strange  and  unknown  shore,  depressed  our  spirits 
beyotid  measure,  and  filled  .us  with  the  sad  glooms  of  despond 
ency  and  wo.  But,  as  appearances  often  change  in  this  various 
w.onL4  about  two  of  the  o'clock,  when  the  tide  began  to  set  out 
of  the  Bay  again,  we  were  presently  indulged  with  an  happy 
alteration.  The  wind  shifted  further  to  the  northward,  the 
seas  abated,  and  we  quickly  found  ourselves  able  to  proceed 
oa  Alar  voyage ;  and  still  to  cheer  and  animate  our  spirits,  the 
clouds  foegan  to  break  away,  the  fog  to  disperse,  and  the  sun 
to  adorn  tiiie  waves  with  his  western  beams.  Wafted  by  a 
gejutle  gale  we  advanced  towards  the  Acadian  shores,  and 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  147 

about  three  hours  before  sunset,  to  our  great  joy,  discovered 
land ;  but  this  pleasing  prospect  did  not  long  continue,  the 
wind  fainted  into  a  calm,  and,  as  the  darkness  approached,  an 
heavy  fog  covered  the  mighty  deep  in  such  a  mariner  that  we 
could  not  discover  any  object  at  the  distance  of  a  rod.  Under 
these  disagreeable  circumstances  we  were  obliged  to  stand  off 
to  sea  in  order  to  avoid  the  danger  of  running  upon  an  un 
known  shore  before  morning.  This  unfortunate  and  unex 
pected  turn  in  the  weather  occasioned  us  great  uneasiness, 
and  threw  us  into  our  former  dejection.  To  such  a  number  of 
sea-sick  and  tempest-beaten  mortals,  who  had  been  flattered 
with  the  prospect  of  entering  into  an  harbour,  this  returning  to 
sea  was  a  most  grievous  mortification ;  but  we  had  no  other 
remedy  except  patience,  and  a  very  slender  dose  of  that  excel 
lent  drug.  As  to  myself,  it  gave  me  an  addition  of  pain  to 
find  that  Captain  Smith  had  no  assistance  in  these  difficult 
circumstances,  but  was  obliged  to  continue  at  the  helm  till 
daylight  appeared.  The  fore  part  of  the  night  we  had  the 
wind  at  S.  S.  W.,  with  thick  weather. 

June  18th.  Towards  morning  the  wind  shifted  into  the  N. 
E.,  then  east,  and  afterwards  into  the  S.  E.,  when  it  began  to 
blow  and  rain,  with  most  threatening  appearances  of  a  storm. 
This  unexpected  continuance  of  bad  weather  had  a  very  ma 
lignant  influence  upon  our  whole  company.  The  hands,  with 
Dr.  Mayer,  the  old  bachelor,  swore  bitterly;  the  captain,  not 
withstanding  his  moderation,  lost  all  patience,  and  loudly  com 
plained  of  the  unpropitious  season,  while  we  began  to  imagine 
that  we  should  never  be  able  to  reach  our  intended  port,  so 
many  impediments  arising  to  retard  our  progress.  We,  how 
ever,  found  some  consolation  when  we  perceived  that  the  wind 
rather  abated,  and  in  the  afternoon  it  blew  in  our  favor,  so  that 
we  rediscovered  the  land  towards  evening.  But  the  fog  con 
tinued  to  hover  over  the  surface  of  the  water  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  became  wholly  unsafe  to  aim  at  any  harbour.  In  bear 
ing  away  from  the  shore  we  discovered,  through  the  surround 
ing  fog,  several  little  islands,  interspersed  with  rugged  rocks, 
against  which  the  waves,  dashing  with  violence,  occasioned  a 


148  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1779. 

frightful  roaring.     We  had  the  good  fortune,  however,  to  es 
cape  without  damage. 

After  keeping  almost  ,two  days  between  decks,  as  it  was 
now  more  calm  and  moderate,  I  ventured  out  of  my  confine 
ment  to  contemplate  the  striking  prospect  around  us.  Noth 
ing  appeared  but  a  waste  of  waters  in  perpetual  motion,  with 
a  surface  rugged  and  unshapen  beyond  imagination,  for  the 
seas  in  this  Bay  of  Fundy  do  not  roll  with  regular  succession 
as  in  other  oceans,  with  gradual  swellings,  which  rise  in  ex 
tensive  order,  one  behind  another,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach, 
but  here  we  perceive  waves  of  a  thousand  various  figures  and 
dimensions,  resembling  a  multitude  of  rocks  and  broken  frag 
ments  of  nature,  torn  by  some  violent  explosion,  and  rudely 
scattered  over  an  immense  desert  or  barren  plain.  While  we 
were  sitting  upon  deck  and  diverting  ourselves  as  well  as  our 
situation  would  admit,  one  of  our  hens  escaped  from  her  con 
finement  in  the  salt  room  and  flew  about  the  vessel  from  one 
quarter  to  another,  seemingly  exulting  in  her  liberty.  But 
alas!  this  freedom  proved  the  destruction  of  the  volatile  and 
noisy  animal,  for  one  of  our  company  attempted  to  secure  her, 
upon  which  she  immediately  flew  overboard  into  the  sea,  and 
sat  struggling  and  cackling  upon  the  waves  till  we  could  see 
her  no  longer.  I  must  confess  that  in  my  present  circum 
stances  this  accident  affected  me,  and  I  was  moved  with  com 
passion  for  the  foolish  flutterer,  when  I  observed  her  exposed 
to  inevitable  destruction,  striving  to  regain  the  vessel,  and,  as 
it  were,  calling  aloud  for  assistance,  when  we  were  unable  to 
afford  the  wretched  being  any  relief.  How  often  do  we  behold 
animals  who  fondly  boast  of  reason,  hurrying  themselves  with 
almost  the  same  giddy  precipitation  into  ruin.  How  common 
is  it  for  men,  when  impatient  of  legal  restraint,  and  ardent  to 
acquire  unbounded  freedom,  —  how  frequent  is  it  for  people 
in  these  circumstances,  when  they  have  escaped  from  every 
confinement  and  gained  their  wished  for  liberty,  to  plunge 
headlong  into  destruction,  and  when  they  become  sensible  too 
late  of  their  unbounded  rashness  and  folly,  they  are  desirous 
from  their  hearts  to  reenter  that  condition  they  once  called 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  149 

slavery  and  bondage.  In  short,  I  am  convinced  that  no  ani 
mal  in  nature  makes  so  pernicious  an  improvement  of  liberty 
as  man ;  for  notwithstanding  all  his  boasted  pretences  to  wis 
dom,  if  you  place  him  in  a  situation 'of  unrestrained  license,  it 
is  a  thousand  to  one  if  he  do  not  ruin  both  himself  and  all  his 
intimate  connexions.  But  enough  of  liberty  for  the  present, 
since  I  had  a  sufficient  surfeit  from  it  in  New  England,  and 
have  seen  from  that  abused  principle  all  the  miseries  of  licen 
tiousness,  anarchy,  and  tyranny,  flowing  like  so  many  torrents 
to  deluge  that  unhappy  and  devoted  land.  Just  about  sun 
set  we  were  favored  with  another  flattering  prospect  of  fine 
weather;  a  glim  from  the  western  hemisphere  inspired  us  with 
pleasure,  but  upon  the  rising  of  the  fog  we  were  alarmed  to 
find  ourselves  almost  contiguous  to  a  (Dangerous  rock,  called 
the  Gurnet,  which  rose  with  perpendicular  sides,  like  a  large 
building,  above  the  water.  The  wind  was  now  beginning  to 
blow  gently  from  the  S.  W.,  which,  when  we  had  cleared  the 
land  as  we  imagined,  was  extremely  favourable  to  our  purpose. 
But  alas!  when  we  had  been  running,  as  we  fondly  conceived, 
along  the  coast  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  Sable,  to  our  great 
surprise  we  heard  a  terrible  roaring  on  every  hand.  In  this 
scene  of  apprehension  and  danger  Captain  Smith  brought  to, 
and  upon  sounding,  perceived  ourselves  amidst  shoals  and 
breakers,  in  about  two  fathoms  of  water,  and,  as  he  concluded, 
just  upon  that  terrible  ledge  or  range  of  rocks,  called  the 
Devil's  Limb.  To  extricate  ourselves  from  this  alarming  situ 
ation,  the  captain  put  instantly  about,  and  we  stood  till  day 
light  across  this  vexatious  Bay  of  Fundy. 

June  19/A.  When  the  daylight  began  to  disperse  the  shades 
of  darkness  we  found  ourselves  encumbered  with  a  dismal  fog, 
which  hovered  with  almost  impenetrable  thickness  over  the 
face  of  the  ocean,  whilst  the  sky  above  was  perfectly  clear, 
with  a  fine  beautiful  azure.  At  length,  after  rolling  several 
hours  in  a  dead  calm,  the  wind  began  to  fill  the  sails,  when 
we  discovered  a  large  vessel  loaded  with  lumber  standing  to 
wards  the  south.  This  appearance  induced  us  to  make  after 
her,  and,  if  possible,  to  speak  with  her,  that  we  might  acquire 
some  intelligence,  but  when  she  perceived  our  intention  she 


150  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

crowded  all  her  sails,  and  ran  from  us  with  the  swiftest  expe 
dition,  suspecting  us,  as  we  apprehended,  for  an  enemy. 
About  nine  in  the  morning  the  fog  wholly  dispersed,  and  we 
were  favored  with  a  serene  sky  and  a  fine  breeze  from  the  W. 
N.  W.,  which  happened  to  be  the  most  propitious  quarter  of 
Heaven.  Having  sailed  an  hour  before  this  delightful  gale  we 
discovered  the  Seal  Island,  lying  about  seven  leagues,  as  we 
imagined,  to  the  N.  E.  About  eleven  we  greatly  rejoiced  at 
the  long  wished  for  prospect  of  Cape  Sable,  and  it  gave  us 
immense  pleasure  to  behold  a  country  under  the  dominion  of 
our  lawful  Prince,  and  where  the  tyranny  of  republican  villains 
had  not  yet  extended.  I  was,  however,  surprised  to  find  the 
coast  low,  with  sandy  hillocks  along  the  shores,  instead  of 
those  lofty,  rugged  promontories  my  imagination  had  created. 
We  passed  by  this  Cape  a  little  after  the  middle  of  the  day, 
and  finding  the  wind  and  season  favourable,  we  agreed  to 
proceed  for  Liverpool,  which  we  hoped  to  reach  by  the  next 
morning.  The  sea  was  so  smooth,  and  the  weather  so  agree 
able,  that  we  continued  upon  deck,  viewing  with  the  highest 
satisfaction  the  various  objects  on  the  land,  which  rose  in  suc 
cession  to  divert  our  attention  from  the  fatigues  of  the  voyage, 
while  on  the  other  hand  we  had  nothing  to  employ  the  sight 
but  a  boundless  world  of  waters,  inhabited  by  millions  of  liv 
ing  creatures,  prodigiously  unlike  in  their  shapes  and  dimen 
sions.  We  now  descried  several  fishing  vessels  at  some  dis 
tance  from  the  shore.  They  no  sooner  discovered  us  than  they 
bore  in  with  the  land,  and  doubtless  conceived  themselves  very 
fortunate  in  making  their  escape  before  we  were  able  to  over 
take  them.  We  perceived  by  this  incident  that  they  mistook 
us  for  one  of  those  petty  pirates  which  had  lately  infested 
these  coasts,  and  plundered,  without  distinction,  every  vessel  in 
their  power.  Before  evening  we  passed  by  several  fine  har 
bours  ;  the  land  all  along  the  coast  appeared  very  level,  and 
nothing  like  mountains  arose  to  diversify  the  scene.  Some 
lesser  eminences,  indeed,  and  a  few  gentle  swellings  were 
discovered,  just  sufficient  to  destroy  a  disgustful  uniformity. 
In  many  places  the  land  was  destitute  of  trees,  and  exhibited 
a  pleasing  surface  of  verdure,  which  softened  the  dusky  horrors 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  151 

of  the  woods.  The  latter  chiefly  consists  of  spruce,  firs,  and 
hemlock,  fit  retreats  for  melancholy  and  discontent.  The  sea 
son  was  now  so  mild,  and  the  motion  so  easy,  that  we  had  a 
cheerful  supper  together,  and  we  were  happy  in  the  pleasing 
expectation  of  entering  Liverpool  the  next  morning. 

June  20th,  (Sunday.)  I  arose  this  morning  before  the  sun, 
and  found  that  we  were  still  favoured  with  a  prosperous  gale. 
The  land  appeared  extremely  pleasant,  and  the  odor  of  plants 
impregnated  with  the  morning  dew  was  agreeable  and  refresh 
ing  beyond  measure.  The  sun  began  to  arise  from  the  bosom 
of  the  ocean,  and  in  a  few  minutes  tinged  the  eastern  summit 
of  the  swelling  waves  with  the  beams  of  his  glory.  All  nature 
put  on  a  pleasing  appearance,  and  inspired  us  with  cheerful 
ness  and  grateful  joy  to  reflect  that  we  had  arrived  so  near  our 
desired  port.  But  as  nothing  can  be  more  uncertain  and  de 
lusive  than  appearances  at  sea,  we  were  quickly  mortified  with 
a  failure  of  wind.  A  perfect  calm  ensued,  and  we  lay  tum 
bling  and  rolling  at  about  three  miles  distance  from  the  shores 
of  Malagash.  While  were  detained  in  this  manner  John  Hoff 
man  put  over  a  line  and  caught  two  fine  cod  fish,  one  upon 
each  hook,  and  continued  the  sport  with  the  same  success  till 
he  had  procured  a  dozen.  Upon  this,  the  two  brothers  comino- 
upon  deck,  reproved  him  sharply  for  his  wickedness  in  profan 
ing  the  Sabbath,  and  when  they  could  not  restrain  him  they 
swore  a  multitude  of  oaths!  Strange,  that  persons  who  in 
dulged  themselves  in  the  rudest  conversation,  and  who  scru 
pled  not  to  take  the  Sacred  Name  in  vain,  should  nevertheless 
have  such  a  reverence  for  a  day  consecrated  to  His  service,  as 
to  neglect  all  kinds  of  business,  however  advantageous  and 
necessary.  But  this  is  just  in  the  character  of  New  England 
saints,  who  worship  the  Sabbath,  while  at  the  same  time  they 
treat  the  Lord  of  the  Sabbath  with  the  most  indecent  famili 
arity  and  disrespect.  Thus  man,  the  most  inconsistent  animal 
in  nature,  often  strains  at  a  gnat  and  swallows  a  camel  with 
out  any  manner  of  inconvenience. 

The  wind  about  eight  of  the  clock  begins  to  breeze  from 
tfoe  S.  W.,  and  through  our  impatience  we  imagine  the  vessel 
makes  a  most  rapid  progress,  while  she  went  scarcely  three 


152  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

miles  an  hour,  and  so  eager  were  we  to  go  on  shore  that  we 
began  to  dress  at  the  distance  of  above  forty  miles  from  Hali 
fax.  The  passage  over  Margaret's  Bay  to  Cape  Sambro  ap 
peared  extremely  tedious,  and  we  were  constantly  employed 
for  eight  hours  in  looking  out  for  the  light-house.  I  had  abun 
dance  of  leisure  to  make  observations  on  the  country  during 
this  interval,  and  the  land,  which  had  hitherto  put  on  a  most 
uniform  appearance,  now  began  to  exhibit  a  very  different  face. 
It  seemed  to  rise  gradually  from  the  shore  to  some  distance 
from  the  sea,  and  then  to  shoot  into  lofty  hills  of  various  forms, 
covered,  according  to  the  best  of  our  observation,  with  beech, 
birches,  and  other  species  of  white  wood.  As  we  advanced 
forward  our  impatience  increased  in  proportion  as  the  distance 
lessened,  and  the  captain  went  several  times  to  the  foremast 
head  to  make  discoveries,  but  without  success.  In  the  after 
noon  we  discovered  a  sail  standing  away  to  the  southward, 
which  we  afterwards  understood  to  be  part  of  a  fleet  bound 
from  Halifax  to  Quebeck,  having  on  board  several  officers  and 
a  number  of  troops  for  that  department.  The  wind  continu 
ing  to  blow  fresh  at  S.  W.,  we  at  length^  about  an  hour  before 
sunset,  were  favoured  with  the  sight  of  Sambro  Island,  and 
the  light-house,  to  our  inexpressible  satisfaction.  A  gleam  of 
joy  brightened  all  our  faces,  and  we  manifested  every  external 
expression  of  gladness  at  the  reviving  prospect.  Before  dark 
this  desirable  object  was  full  in  view,,  and  the  ledges  upon 
which  it  was  erected  were  plainly  seen  from  the  deck,  and 
when  the  daylight  disappeared  the  light  in  the  lanthorn  was 
visible  to  conduct  us  into  a  safe  and  commodious  harbour. 
However,  before  we  were  able  to  fetch  within  the  light-house, 
a  black  cloud  arose,  and  the  wind  shifted  into  the  N".  W., 
which  reduced  us  to  the  disagreeable  necessity  of  beating  into 
the  harbour.  Under  this  disadvantage  we  laboured  hard  till 
after  midnight,  and  then  came  to  anchor  a  little  within  Je- 
bucto  Head.  Here  we  imagined  ourselves  entirely  secure  from 
the  danger  of  American  rovers,  presuming  they  would  not 
have  the  impudence  to  venture  so  near  the  Metropolis  of  an 
hostile  Province;  but  in  these  conjectures  we  were  certainly 
mistaken,  for,  as  we  were  afterwards  informed,  the  preceding 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  153 

week,  a  rebel  privateer  sailed  a  considerable  way  into  the  har 
bour,  almost  within  reach  of  the  cannon,  and  captivated  a  brig 
laden  with  provisions  and  sugar.  The  Howard  and  Buckram, 
a  couple  of  cruisers,  observing  this  daring  manoeuvre,  pushed 
immediately  out  in  pursuit  of  these  adventurers,  but  being 
furnished  with  a  number  of  oars,  as  well  as  sails,  the  privateer 
escaped,  while  they  ran  the  prize  on  shore,  which  by  this  acci 
dent  bilged,  and  most  of  her  cargo  was  either  lost  or  damaged. 

I  am  persuaded  that  my  countrymen  exceed  all  mankind 
in  a  daring  and  enterprising  disposition.  Their  bold  and 
adventurous  spirit,  more  especially,  appears  with  distinguish 
ing  eclat  when  they  are  engaged  in  any  unjust  and  vicious 
undertaking,  and  their  courage  commonly  increases  in  pro 
portion  to  the  badness  and  villany  of  the  cause  they  en 
deavour  to  support.  Let  a  New  England  man  once  throw 
off  the  restraints  of  education,  he  becomes  a  hero  in  wicked 
ness,  and  the  more  strict  and  religious  he  has  been  in  his 
former  behaviour,  the  greater  will  be  his  impiety  in  his  present 
situation.  It  has  often  been  remarked  by  foreigners,  who  have 
been  engaged  in  commerce  with  our  Puritans,  that  when  they 
first  come  abroad  no  people  alive  have  such  a  sacred  regard 
for  religious  worship,  or  the  day  appointed  for  that  purpose, 
and  none  have  such  a  prevailing  aversion  to  profane  swearing, 
and  yet  they  quickly  become  the  most  docile  scholars  in  the 
school  of  vice,  and  make  the  greatest  proficiency  in  every 
species  of  profanity.  They  openly  ridicule  their  former  at- 
tachment  to  devotion,  and  are  very  ingenious  in  framing  new 
and  spirited  oaths,  and  when  they  have  any  extraordinary 
mischief  to  perform  they  always  choose  to  perpetrate  it  on 
Sunday. 

June  2lst.  No  sooner  did  the  morning  light  begin  to  soften 
the  horrors  of  darkness,  than  I  arose  and  took  possession  of  the 
deck  to  observe  the  weather  and  to  survey  the  adjacent  coun 
try.  I  found  that  we  were  overtaken  by  a  dead  calm,  and  the 
heavens  were  covered  with  rolling  volumes  of  black  and 
dismal  clouds  which  shed  a  dark  and  dejecting  gloom  over  all 
the  surrounding  scenes  of  nature.  But  if  I  was  inspired  with 
melancholy  sentiments  at  this  dusky  prospect,  I  was  perfectly 
20 


154  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

shocked  when  I  turned  my  eyes  towards  the  land  which 
stretched  along  the  western  quarter.  The  shore  which  now 
engages  my  attention  is  the  famous  Jebucto  Head,  a  most 
enormous  congress  of  rocky  ledges  running  with  a  lofty  and 
impregnable  front  into  the  sea,  while  the  surface  is  inexpressi 
bly  rugged  and  broken,  covered  with  shrubby  spruce,  fir  and 
hemlock,  which  by  their  starving  and  misshapen  appearance 
sufficiently  indicate  the  severity  of  the  climate  and  the  barren 
ness  of  the  soil.  But  notwithstanding  the  unpleasing  aspect 
of  this  strange  region,  I  could  not  forbear  the  returns  of  grati 
tude  to  Providence  for  safely  conducting  me  and  my  family  to 
this  retreat  of  freedom  and  security  from  the  rage  of  tyranny 
and  the  cruelty  of  oppression.  The  wind  beginning  to  blow 
softly  as  the  light  increased,  we  weighed  anchor,  displayed 
the  canvas  and  got  under  way.  The  sun  being  risen  we 
perceived  that  the  land  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  harbour 
was  in  comparison  extremely  agreeable ;  the  beach  was  cov 
ered  with  small  pebbles,  the  banks,  which  were  moderately 
high,  resembled  the  colour  of  deep  burnt  bricks,  and  the  trees 
of  various  species,  tall  and  well  shaped.  And  what  added  to 
the  beauty  and  cheerfulness  of  the  prospect,  the  forest  was  in 
many  cases  discontinued  and  finely  interspersed  with  patches 
of  cleared  ground,  adorned  with  a  lively  verdure. 

But  we  were  again  sadly  disappointed  in  our  expectations, 
for  we  fondly  imagined  that  upon  our  entrance  into  the  har 
bour  we  should  have  the  whole  metropolis  in  open  view,  and 
a  number  of  lofty  buildings  rising  in  conspicuous  glory,  with 
a  respectable  part  of  the  Royal  Navy  lying  at  anchor  before 
the  town.  Instead  of  which  flattering  instances  of  power, 
grandeur  and  magnificence,  we  could  observe  no  edifices  ex 
cept  the  citadel  and  two  or  three  scattered  habitations ;  and  as  to 
shipping  we  saw  only  two  sail  c^f  armed  vessels  and  three  or 
four  sail  at  Major's  Beach,  for  we  were  ignorant  that  both  the 
town  and  the  proper  harbour  were  concealed  by  the  inter 
position  of  St.  George's  Island  and  certain  aspiring  eminences 
to  the  northward.  As  we  sailed  slowly  up  the  harbour,  the 
next  object  which  invited  our  attention,  was  a  large  fleet  of 
Indian  canoes,  coasting  along  the  Jebucto  shore  and  filled  with 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  155 

multitudes  of  the  native  Micmacs,  and  at  the  same  time  we 
espied  several  of  these  copper- faced  sons  of  liberty  either 
landing  on  the  margin  of  a  little  bay,  or  climbing  up  the  stu 
pendous  precipices.  We  took  notice  upon  this  occasion,  that 
artificial  ways  were  formed  up  these  steepy  cliffs  for  the 
conveniency  of  ascending  or  conveying  down  timber,  which  is 
frequently  cut  on  the  summit  of  these  ridges  for  the  public 
\vorks  at  Halifax.  As  we  advanced  still  further  from  the 
ocean,  the  town  began  gradually  to  open,  and  we  had  in  prospect 
several  strong  fortifications,  as  the  Eastern  Battery,  George's 
Fort,  and  strong  ramparts  upon  the  neighbouring  heights,  with 
all  their  terrible  apparatus  of  cannon  and  mortars.  When  we 
arrived  near  the  above-mentioned  Island  of  St.  George's,  we 
had  a  most  advantageous,  striking  view  of  this  northern  capital, 
stretching  a  mile  and  an  half  upon  the  eastern  ascent  of  an 
extensive  hill,  while  a  large  collection  of  shipping  lay  either 
contiguous  to  the  wharves,  or  else  were  riding,  with  the  Brit- 
tanic  colours  flying,  in  the  channel,  a  sight  which  instantly 
inspired  us  with  the  most  pleasing  sensations.  We  expected 
to  be  hailed  as  we  passed  St.  George's  Fort,  but  the  people, 
conceiving  our  vessel  to  be  some  coaster  from  Malagash,  we 
were  suffered  to  proceed  without  any  inquiry. 

We  were  now  all  upon  deck,  contemplating  with  infinite 
wonder  and  satisfaction  the  various  objects  about  us,  but  we 
must  however  except  John  Hoffman  from  this  agreeable  em 
ploy,  who  was  so  affected  with  alternate  joy  and  concern  at 
the  sight  of  his  native  place,  that  he  retired  into  the  cabin, 
there  to  indulge  in  solitude  these  conflicting  passions.  I 
perceived,  that  though  he  was  highly  rejoiced  to  behold  the 
country  where  he  was  born  and  educated,  yet  he  was  seized 
with  a  prevailing  anxiety  of  heart,  lest  he  should  find  his 
tender  mother,  who  had  long  mourned  his  absence,  departed 
to  the  shades  of  death. 

These  uneasy  apprehensions  rendered  him  unfit  for  company, 
and  threw  him  at  length  into  visible  confusion  and  distress. 
We  were  now  indulging  in  a  thousand  pleasing  reflections 
as  we  approached  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  this  situa 
tion  reminded  us  that  it  was  proper  to  explore  some  convenient 


156  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1779. 

place  to  secure  a  landing,  but  previous  to  this  agreeable  event 
it  was  concluded  to  investigate  the  Commodore's  ship,  and 
to  solicit  the  naval  commander  for  liberty  to  go  on  shore.  A 
boat  passing  by  this  instant  hailed  us  and  demanded,  as  they 
were  going  swiftly  under  sail,  from  whence  we  came?  We 
replied,  from  Kennebeck.  This  answer  occasioned  a  visible 
surprise  in  the  company,  who  continued  repeating:  'Kenne 
beck!  Kennebeck!'  Seeing  a  number  of  men  on  board  a 
sloop,  we  desired  them  to  point  out  the  Commodore,  and 
received  immediate  information  that  there  was  no  such  officer 
in  the  harbour.  This  intelligence  determined  us  directly  to 
make  towards  a  wharf,  which  happened  to  be  near  the  Pontac.* 
"We  were  now  plainly  sensible  that  our  uncouth  habits  and 
uncommon  appearance  had,  by  this  time,  attracted  the  notice 
of  multitudes,  who  flocked  towards  the  water  to  indulge  their 
curiosity.  These  inquisitive  strangers  threw  us  into  some 
confusion,  and  to  prevent  a  multitude  of  impertinent  interroga 
tions,  which  might  naturally  be  expected  by  persons  in  our 
circumstances,  I  made  the  following  public  declaration,  stand 
ing  on  the  quarter  deck:  "Gentlemen,  we  are  a  company  of 
fugitives  from  Kennebeck,  in  New  England,  driven  by  famine 
and  persecution  to  take  refuge  among  you,  and  therefore  I 
must  entreat  your  candour  and  compassion  to  excuse  the 
meanness  and  singularity  of  our  dress." 

I  that  moment  discovered  among  the  gathering  crowd  Mr. 
Kitson,  one  of  our  Kennebeck  neighbours,  running  down  the 
street  to  our  assistance.  He  came  instantly  on  board,  and 
after  mutual  salutations,  helped  us  on  shore.  Thus,  just  a 
fortnight  after  we  left  our  own  beloved  habitation,  we  found 
ourselves  landed  in  a  strange  country,  destitute  of  money, 
clothing,  dwelling  or  furniture,  and  wholly  uncertain  what  coun 
tenance  or  protection  we  might  obtain  from  the  governing  pow 
ers.  Mr.  Kitson  kindly  offered  to  conduct  us  either  to  Mr. 
Brown's  or  Capt.  Callahan's;  andjustas  we  had  quitted  our  ves 
sel,  Mr.  Moody,  formerly  clerk  to  the  King's  Chapel,  appeared  to 
welcome  our  arrival.  But  as  it  may  afford  some  diversion  to 

*Sic  in  MS. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  157 

the  courteous  reader,  I  will  suspend  my  narration  a  few  mo 
ments  to  describe  the  singularity  of  our  apparel,  and  the  order 
of  our  procession  through  the  streets,  which  were  surprisingly 
contrasted  by  the  elegant  dresses  of  the  gentlemen  and  ladies 
we  happened  to  meet  in  our  lengthy  ambulation.  And  here  I 
am  confoundedly  at  a  loss  where  to  begin,  whether  with  Capt.  p 
Smith  or  myself,  but  as  he  was  a  faithful  pilot  to  this  haven  of 
repose,  I  conclude  it  is  no  more  than  gratitude  and  complai 
sance  to  give  him  the  preference.  He  was  clothed  in  a  long 
swingling  thread-bare  coat,  and  the  rest  of  his  habit  displayed 
the  venerable  signatures  of  antiquity,  both  in  the  form  and 
materials.  His  hat  carried  a  long  peak  before,  exactly  perpen 
dicular  to  the  longitude  of  his  aquiline  nose.  On  the  right 
hand  of  this  sleek  commander  shuffled  along  your  very  humble 
servant,  having  his  feet  adorned  with  a  pair  of  shoes,  which 
sustained  the  marks  of  rebellion  and  independence.  My  legs 
were  covered  with  a  thick  pair  of  blue  woolen  stockings,  which 
had  been  so  often  mended  and  darned  by  the  fingers  of  frugal 
ity,  that  scarce  an  atom  of  the  original  remained.  My  breech 
es,  which  just  concealed  the  shame  of  my  nakedness,  had  for 
merly  been  black,  but  the  color  being  worn  out  by  age,  nothing 
remained  but  a  rusty  grey,  bespattered  with  lint  and  bedaubed 
with  pitch.  Over  a  coarse  tow  and  linen  shirt,  manufactured 
in  the  looms  of  sedition,  I  sustained  a  coat  and  waistcoat  of 
the  same  dandy  grey  russet;  and,  to  secrete  from  public  in 
spection  the  innumerable  rents,  holes,  and  deformities,  which 
time  and  misfortunes  had  wrought  in  these  ragged  and 
weather-beaten  garments,  I  was  furnished  with  a  blue  surtout, 
fretted  at  the  elbows,  worn  at  the  button-holes,  and  stained 
with  a  variety  of  tints,  so  that  it  might  truly  be  styled  a  coat 
of  many  colours,  and  to  render  this  external  department  of  my 
habit  still  more  conspicuous  and  worthy  of  observation,  the 
waist  descended  below  my  knees,  and  the  skirts  hung  dangling 
about  my  heels :  and  to  complete  the  whole  a  jaundice-coloured 
wig,  devoid  of  curls,  was  shaded  by  the  remnants  of  a  rusty 
beaver,  its  monstrous  brim  replete  with  notches  and  furrows, 
and  grown  limpsy  by  the  alternate  inflictions  of  storm  and 
sunshine,  lopped  over  my  shoulders,  and  obscured  a  face 


158  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

meagre  with  famine  and  wrinkled  with  solicitude.  My  con 
sort  and  neice  came  lagging  behind  at  a  little  distance,  the 
former  arrayed  in  a  ragged  baize  night-gown,  tied  'round  her 
middle  with  a  woolen  string  instead  of  a  sash;  the  latter  carried 
upon  her  back  the  tattered  remains  of  an  hemlock-coloured 
linsey-woolsey,  and  both  their  heads  were  adorned  with  bon 
nets  composed  of  black  moth-eaten  stuff,  almost  devoured  with 
the  teeth  of  time.  1  forgot  to  mention  the  admirable  figure  of 
their  petticoats,  jagged  at  the  bottom,  distinguished  by  a  multi 
tude  of  fissures,  and  curiously  drabbled  in  the  mud,  for  an  heavy 
rain  was  now  beginning  to  set  in.  And  to  close  this  solemn  pro 
cession,  Dr.  Mayer  and  our  faithful  John  marched  along  in  all  the 
pride  of  poverty  and  majesty  of  rags  and  patches,  which  exhibit 
ed  the  various  dyes  of  the  rainbow.  The  Doctor  proceeded  with 
a  yellow  bushy  beard,  grinning  all  the  way,  while  his  broad 
Dutch  face  opened  at  his  mouth  from  ear  to  ear.  The  other 
continued  his  progression  with  a  doleful  solemnity  of  counte 
nance,  as  if  he  designed  to  give  a  kind  of  dignity  to  the  wretch 
ed  fragments  of  his  apparel  which  floated  in  the  wind.  In  this 
manner  our  procession  began,  and  was  supported  till  we  arrived 
at  Capt.  Callahan's,  near  half  a  mile  from  the  place  of  our  land 
ing.  This  worthy  gentleman,  who  was  formerly  my  friend  and 
neighbour,  was  at  this  time  absent  on  the  expedition  to  Penob- 
scot.  Having  obtained  entrance,  we  saw  no  person  in  the  room 
but  Polly  Clen&y,  a  young  girl  whom  this  family  had  transported 
from  Kennebeck.  After  her  surprise  at  our  unexpected  appear 
ance  was  a  little  abated,  she  ran  up  stairs  to  inform  Mrs. 
Callahan  of  our  arrival,  but  in  her  precipitation  forgot  to  men 
tion  her  God-son,  Charley,  which  made  her  immediately  con 
clude  that  we  had  by  some  fatal  accident  lost  him.  This  filled 
the  good  woman  with  alarming  emotions,  and  she  hastened 
down  with  evident  expressions  of  anxiety  and  tremor  in  her 
face,  for  it  was  some  moments  before  she  observed  the  little 
charmer  prattling  about  the  room.  Indeed,  we  were  all  so 
deeply  affected  with  this  happy  meeting  that  we  could  hardly 
speak  to  each  other,  and  a  scene  of  silent  confusion  ensued 
till  our  various  agitations  began  to  subside.  Mrs.  Callahan 
quickly  informed  us  that  she  had  a  dream  the  preceding  night, 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  159 

which  occasioned  her  no  small  uneasiness.  She  imagined  in 
her  sleep,  that  as  she  was  dressing  before  breakfast,  Polly  came 
running  up  to  her  chamber  in  the  utmost  hurry,  and  assured 
her  that  Mr.  Bailey  and  family  were  all  safely  arrived  from 
New  England  except  little  Charley,  who  was  missing,  upon 
which  information  she  descended  with  an  heavy  heart,  and 
found  all  as  Polly  had  represented  —  all  the  family  present 
except  the  lovely  child.  She  further  fancied  in  her  dream, 
that  in  the  midst  of  our  mutual  inquiries  and  congratulations, 
Master  Harry  Brown  came  in,  and  after  paying  his  compli 
ments  informed  us  that  his  papa  was  coming  immediately  to 
give  us  joy. 

No  sooner  had  Mrs.  Callahan  finished  her  dream  than  Mas 
ter  Harry  came  smiling  and  blushing  into  the  room,  and  after 
bidding  us  welcome  to  Halifax,  acquainted  me  that  his  papa 
was  approaching  to  pay  me  his  compliments.  The  women, 
upon  this  occasion,  declared  with  united  voices,  that  the  dream 
was  fulfilled  in  a  very  remarkable  manner.  By  this  time  my  old, 
generous  friend,  Mr.  Brown,  was  arrived,  in  company  with  Cap 
tain  Martin  Gay,  a  refugee  from  Boston.  These  two  worthy 
gentlemen,  by  their  obliging  conduct  and  sensible  conversation, 
greatly  relieved  our  spirits.  In  a  few  minutes  after,  we  were 
favoured  with  a  visit  from  the  polite  and  generous  Doctor 
Breynton,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church  in  Halifax.  He  ad 
dressed  us  with  that  ease,  freedom,  and  gentleness  peculiar  to 
himself.  His  countenance  exhibited  a  most  finished  picture 
of  compassionate  good  nature,  and  the  effusions  of  tenderness 
and  humanity  glistened  in  his  -venerable  eyes  when  he  had 
learned  part  of  our  history.  He  kindly  assured  us  that  he 
most  heartily  congratulated  us  upon  our  fortunate  deliverance 
from  tyranny,  oppression,  and  poverty,  and  he  declared  that 
we  might  depend  on  his  attention  and  assistance  to  make  us 
comfortable  and  happy.  The  turn  of  his  features,  and  the 
manner  of  his  expression,  afforded  a  convincing  evidence  of 
his  sincerity,  and  the  event  afterwards  gave  me  undeniable 
demonstration  that  I  was  not  mistaken  in  my  favourable  con 
jectures.  Before  we  parted  he  informed  me  that  it  was  ex 
pected  I  should  wait  upon  the  Governor  at  eleven  to  acquaint 


160  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1779. 

him  with  my  arrival,  and  to  solicit  his  countenance  and  pro 
tection. 

Breakfast  being  prepared  and  the  table  adorned  with  proper 
furniture  for  tea  and  a  loaf  of  flour  bread,  our  young  shaver, 
who  had  never  seen  anything  of  the  like  nature  and  construc 
tion  before,  was  so  moved  with  its  appearance,  that  he  ran 
smiling  to  the  table,  and,  assuming  every  childish  expression 
of  admiration  and  joy,  exclaimed  in  the  fulness  of  his  heart: 
"Pray,  mamma,  what  is  that  on  Mrs.  Callahan's  table ?"  He 
was  told  that  it  was  bread.  "What  bread,  mamma;  is  it 
baked  bread?"  for  the  poor  little  fellow  had  never  seen  or 
tasted  any  bread  made  of  flour.  This  incident  greatly  affected 
the  whole  company,  and  the  good  Doctor  in  particular,  could 
scarcely  refrain  from  tearful  emotions.  He  now  begged  to  be 
excused  for  the  present,  and  repaired  directly  to  Mr.  Justice 
Wen  man's,  keeper  of  the  Orphan  House,  to  procure  us,  with 
the  assistance  of  this  gentleman,  a  comfortable  habitation. 
This  honest  magistrate  was  so  touched  with  our  deplorable 
circumstances  and  situation,  especially  with  the  anecdote  of 
the  child,  that  he  took  a  guinea  out  of  his  pocket,  and,  address 
ing  himself  to  the  Doctor,  "Here,"  says  he,  "is  something  to 
buy  the  young  chatterbox  a  little  bread  for  the  present." 

We  had  at  breakfast  an  old  lady  and  a  very  pretty.,  genteel 
young  Miss,  about  twelve,  natural  daughter  to  the  famous 
Captain  Mowatt.  Dr.  Breynton  quickly  returned  with  the 
most  soothing  expressions  of  kindness  and  friendship.  He 
politely  entreated  Mrs.  Bailey  to  expel  from  her  mind  all 
uneasy  and  distressing  apprehensions,  and  repeatedly  assured 
us  both,  that  many  persons  among  them  would  cheerfully 
exert  themselves  to  the  utmost  of  their  power  to  make  our 
situation  easy  and  desirable,  and  cautioned  us  against  indulging 
gloomy  and  anxious  ideas  any  longer.  He  then  presented  the 
little  Tory,  as  he  called  him,  with  the  guinea  from  Mr.  Wenman, 
and  looking  upon  his  watch,  declared  it  was  time  to  wait  upon 
the  Governor.  At  his  direction,  and  in  his  company,  I  walked 
out  in  my  ridiculous  ho  bit,  attended  by  that  queerest  of  mortals, 
Dr.  Mayer,  who,  to  reader  his  poverty  still  more  conspicuous, 
had  put  on,  over  his  rag:}  and  dirty  linen,  a  thread-bare  scarlet 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  161 

coat,  brought  out  of  Germany  near  thirty  years  ago.     In  our 
progress,  our  kind  conductor  introduced  me  to  several  gentle 
men  who  happened  to  be  in  our  way,  among  which  number 
it  would  be  ungrateful  not  to  mention  Col.  Butler,  the  agent 
victualler,  and  one  of  His  Majesty's  Council  for  this  Province, 
who  observing  the  meanness  of  my  dress,   took  the  Doctor 
aside  and  ordered  me  a   suit  of  superfine    broadcloth.     The 
next  person  of  consequence  who  engaged  our  attention  was 
Mr.   Franklin,  formerly  Lieut.   Governor  of  Nova  Scotia;  he 
had  several  Indians  in  his  train,  arrayed  in  all  their  tinsel  finery; 
among  the  rest  a  Sachem  belonging  to  the  tribe  of  St.  Johns. 
This  fellow,  by  the  oddity  of  his  appearance  and  the  singularity 
of  his  visage,  immediately  struck  my  imagination,  and  I   was 
unable  to  look  upon  him  without  a  mixture  of  hilarity  and 
wonder.     He  was  arrayed  in  a  long  blue  coat,  adorned  with  a 
scarlet  cape,  and  bound  close   about  his  loins  with  a  girdle. 
He  wore  upon  his  head  a  narrow-brimmed  flopped  hat,  and 
his  face  was  an  entire  composition  of  wrinkles.     I  was  admit 
ted  to  the  honor  of  shaking  hands  with  this  American  Monarch, 
who,  eyeing  me  from  head  to  foot,  and  perceiving  that  I  had 
more  rags  than  finery  about  me,   I  plainly  discerned  that  his 
complaisance  was  mingled  with   a  degree  of  contempt,  for, 
instead   of  pulling   off  his   hat,  he  only  touched  it  with   his 
fingers  and  nodded  his  head;  though  I  remarked  a  few  days 
after,  when  I  was  dressed  in  a  new  suit  of  clothes,   he   ap 
proached  me  with  higher  marks  of  veneration,  and  did   not 
fail  to  take  his  hat  wholly  from  his  head.     Thus  people  of  all 
nations,  both  barbarous  and  polished,  reverence  and  respect 
their  fellow  creatures,  not  for  qualities,  which  belong  to  human 
nature,  but  on  account  of  those  ornaments  for  which  they  are 
indebted  to  other  parts  of  the  creation.     In  our  way  to  the 
supreme  ruler  of  the  Province,  the  Doctor  conducted  me  into 
his  lodgings  at  Mr.  Fletcher's,  where  he  presented  me  with  a 
beaver,  almost  new,  and  then,  crossing  the  street,  introduced 
rne  to  the  Governor.     We  entered  through  a  gate  into  a  large 
back  yard,  where  we  found  two  or  three  servants  attending. 
Acquainting  them  with  our  business,  they  conducted  us  into 
an  elegant  apartment,  and  after  waiting  a  few  minutes  his 
21 


162  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

Honor  appeared,  and  kindly  welcomed  me  to  his  government, 
and  then,  desiring  us  to  be  seated,  began  to  ask  me  a  variety 
of  questions  concerning  New  England,  and  about  the  eastern 
country  and  my  own  private  affairs.  I  endeavored  to  satisfy 
his  curiosity  in  the  best  manner  I  was  able.  I  assured  him 
that  the  inhabitants  of  New  England  were  in  a  deplorable 
situation,  torn  to  pieces  by  discontent  and  factions  among 
themselves,  heartily  tired  of  the  war,  sick  of  their  French 
alliance,  reduced  to  poverty,  and  sorely  distressed  for  want  of 
provisions.  As  to  the  eastern  country  from  which  I  was  happy 
enough  to  escape,  I  informed  him  that  the  people  were  almost 
universally  dissatisfied  with  the  dominion  of  the  Congress; 
that  they  were  laboring  under  the  horrors  of  nakedness  and 
famine,  and  at  the  same  time  cruelly  harrassed  and  persecuted 
by  a  number  of  inexorable  tyrants,  who  had  got  all  the  power 
into  their  hands;  and  lastly,  1  gave  him  a  short  history  of  my 
own  adventures  among  the  rebels,  and  of  the  injurious  treat 
ment  I  received  at  their  hands.  During  our  conversation,  Mr. 
Buckley,  the  Secretary,  came  in  and  gave  me  his  most  hearty 
congratulations.  After  the  Secretary  had  retired  we  continued 
our  conversation  about  the  American  rebellion,  when  I  signified 
to  the  Governor  that  I  was  perfectly  acquainted  with  the 
capital  leaders  in  the  present  revolt,  and  from  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  their  tempers,  principles  and  circumstances,  I 
was  far  from  wondering  at  their  proceedings,  since  I  always 
considered  them  as  proper  implements  of  faction,  sedition  and 
turbulence ;  ambition,  avarice  and  revenge,  being  their  pre 
dominant  and  governing  passions.  I  found  the  Governor  very 
sociable  and  strictly  inquisitive.  At  parting  he  assured  me 
that  he  would  employ  his  interest  to  procure  me  relief  and  to 
make  my  abode  in  the  Province  agreeable,  and  in  the  conclu 
sion  advised  me  to  prepare  a  memorial  of  my  adventures  and 
sufferings,  with  a  view  to  its  speedy  publication.  This  he 
suggested  as  the  most  eligible  method  of  obtaining  some 
present  emolument. 

Having  taken  my  leave  of  the  Governor,  Dr.  Breynton 
presented  me  with  a  couple  of  Jo's,  and,  who  could  believe  it, 
my  simple  heart  danced  within  me  at  the  appearance  of  gold, 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  163 

wicked  gold!  that  has  been,  and  still  continues  to  be,  the 
parent  of  ten  thousand  evils.  Thou  pernicious  metal!  Who 
shall  presume  to  declare  in  thy  favour,  after  all  the  mischief 
thou  hast  occasioned  in  the  world?  Thou  hast  often,  by  thy 
all-commanding  power,  compelled  mankind  to  despise  the 
demands  of  justice,  to  spread  the  flames  of  devastation,  to 
wield  the  sword  of  destruction,  to  dissolve  the  tenderest  ties 
of  nature,  and  to  commit  the  most  shocking  enormities  with 
impunity.  I  have  seen  multitudes  so  bewitched  by  thy 
glittering  charms  as  to  renounce  the  most  sacred  obligations 
and  the  softest  feelings.  Inspired  by  thee,  they  have  closed 
up  the  bowels  of  compassion,  have  turned  away  their  eyes 
from  the  sight  of  distress,  and  have  been  deaf  when  the  voice 
of  misery  pierced  the  very  heavens.  For  thee,  men  have 
renounced  the  principles  of  truth  and  veracity,  have  proved 
false  to  their  engagements,  have  appealed  to  the  Almighty  for 
the  confirmation  of  a  lie,  have  betrayed  their  country,  have 
conspired  against  their  King,  denied  their  Saviour,  and  blas 
phemed  their  God,  and  yet,  notwithstanding  all  these  and  a 
million  other  flagrant  crimes  thou  art  daily  teaching  men  to 
commit,  yet  still  thou  art  respected,  courted,  followed,  and 
adored  with  the  profoundest  veneration. 

Parting  from  this  benevolent  gentleman  while  my  heart  was 
bursting  with  gratitude,  I  took  this  opportunity  of  visiting 
Mrs.  Brown  and  her  lovely  daughter,  neither  of  whom  I  had 
seen  since  my  arrival.  Our  meeting  was  affectionate  and  our 
declarations  of  friendship  and  tenderness  perfectly  sincere. 
As  soon  as  the  rapturous  effusions  of  benignity  and  the  irreg 
ular  expressions  of  mutual  ardor  began  to  subside,  Mrs.  Brown 
presented  me  with  a  bottle  of  Kep pen's  snuff,  a  comfortable 
repast  for  my  nose,  and  then  ordered  me  a  pair  of  English 
shoes,  and  a  couple  of  black  worsted  stockings.  The  sight 
and  possession  of  the  British  manufactures  gave  pleasure  to 
my  inward  man,  and  compelled  me  to  smile  at  both  corners  of 
my  mouth,  while  the  considerate  and  bountiful  indulgence  of 
my  former  friends  began  to  smooth  the  furrows  of  my  face, 
and  I  returned  back  to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  I  verily  believe,  with 
the  loss  of  several  wrinkles.  Soon  after  my  return,  Mr. 


164  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1779. 

Bennet,  another  clergyman  and  Missionary  from  the  Society 
came  to  visit  us,  and  made  a  polite  tender  of  his  service.  His 
design  was,  if  I  had  no  family,  to  offer  me  a  part  of  his 
lodgings  in  the  Assembly  House.  We  had  what  I  esteemed 
an  elegant  dinner,  for  it  was  so  long  since  I  beheld  a  well 
furnished  table,  that  what  others  esteemed  only  tolerable, 
appeared  to  me  splendid  and  sumptuous  beyond  compare.  I 
found  myself  extremely  contented  and  happy  in  the  society, 
the  pleasing  smiles  and  obliging  conversation  of  my  friends, 
without  the  dread  of  any  fatal  interruption  from  the  unwelcome 
intrusion  of  some  surly  committee  man,  or  unfeeling  officer 
of  the  Congress,  with  malice  in  his  heart,  vengeance  in  his 
face,  and  destruction  in  his  hands.  But  I  shall  take  occasion 
in  my  next  day's  journal  to  draw  a  more  critical  contrast 
between  my  present  and  former  situation.  But  I  cannot 
forbear  reciting  an  incident  in  my  own  feelings  and  conduct, 
which  plainly  evinced  that  I  had  not  yet  banished  New 
England  from  my  remembrance.  This  afternoon,  as  I  was 
sitting  at  Mr.  Brown's,  a  number  of  people  being  persent,  some 
person  knocked  at  the  door,  upon  which  I  started  by  an  invol 
untary  impulse,  and,  suddenly  springing  out  of  my  seat, 
hastened  to  the  other  side  of  the  room.  This  was  attended 
with  visible  terror  in  my  countenance,  which  excited  the 
laughter  of  the  company,  for  they  had  sagacity  enough  to 
discern  the  cause  of  my  agitation  and  affright.  Mrs.  Brown 
exclaimed,  'Pray,  sir,  compose  yourself,  and  recollect  that 
here  is  no  committee  man  approaching  to  disturb  your  tran 
quillity.'  After  dinner,  Mr.  George  Light  and  his  brother  came 
to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  highly  elevated  with  the  novelty  of  the 
scenes  and  with  the  freedom  and  plenty  which  appeared  in 
this  town.  They  informed  us  that  young  Hoffman  had  the 
pleasure  of  finding  his  mother  alive,  who  received  her  son  with 
the  warmest  transport  of  joy.  She  had  near  a  twelvemonth 
before  received  intelligence  of  his  death,  and  that  he  was 
killed  fighting  with  the  rebels  at  the  famous  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  Upon  which  distressing  intelligence  she  arrayed  herself 
in  the  habit  of  mourning,  and  sadly  bewailed  the  untimely 
fate  of  her  beloved  child,  and  a  circumstance  which  added  to 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  165 

her  extreme  affliction  remains  to  be  recited.  This  John  was 
the  last  survivor  out  of  ten  children,  who  had  been  born  by  a 
former  husband.  Such  unexpected  revolution  of  Providence 
in  her  favour  must  have  filled  her  with  the  tenderest  effusions 
of  rapture  and  exultation.  In  the  afternoon,  towards  evening, 
I  revisited  Mr.  Brown,  but  he  being  absent,  I  tarried  and  drank 
tea  with  his  agreeable  family.  I  perceived  in  the  course  of 
conversation  at  this  hospitable  mansion,  that  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Gardiner,  notwithstanding  his  impudent  and  foppish  behaviour 
at  Halifax,  had  not  been  guilty  of  so  much  fraud  and  breach 
of  trust  as  we  imagined.  My  friends,  in  particular,  were  cau 
tious  of  trusting  him  with  any  great  matters,  especially  as  he 
was  in  danger  of  being  plundered  by  the  American  pirates,  how 
ever  honest  and  faithful  he  might  be  in  the  main.  Mrs.  Brown 
however  sent  us  a  pound  of  the  best  Hyson  tea  and  some 
trifles,  which  were  never  delivered,  except  one  pound  of  Bohea. 
I  was  now  assured  that  the  paper  which  Captain  Callahan 
had  brought  to  Halifax,  giving  the  history  of  my  famous  trials 
before  the  committee,  and  the  letters  I  had  intrusted  to  the 
care  of  Gardiner  had  prepared  me  a  way  for  a  generous  recep 
tion.  Several  circumstances,  it  must  be  confessed,  were  a 
little  unfavourable  in  the  present  prospect.  Governor  Arbuth- 
not,  who  greatly  interested  himself  in  my  favour,  was  removed 
from  the  Province,  and  destined  to  command  the  Royal  navy 
in  America,  and  General  Massy,  who  had  imbibed  the  same 
favourable  sentiments,  was  recalled,  and  General  McLean 
appointed  to  succeed  him.  Never  were  two  gentlemen  of 
more  different  dispositions.  The  former  was  sociable,  humane, 
generous  and  friendly,  and  exerted  himself  beyond  measure  to 
oblige  and  assist  the  refugees.  But  the  other  was  opinionated 
and  headstrong,  insensible  to  every  softer  feeling,  and  under 
the  pretence  that  Government  was  imposed  upon,  had  ordered 
the  rations  to  be  taken  away  from  two  or  three  hundred 
persons,  continuing  them  to  only  about  twenty  refugees. 

A  gentleman  who  waited  upon  Mr.  Arbuthnot  when  he  had 
the  perusal  of  my  papers,  stated  that  he  could  scarcely  refrain 
from  shedding  tears,  and  he  afterwards  declared  that  he  had  it 
in  view  to  procure  my  enlargement  from  bondage  and  persecu- 


166  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1779. 

tion,  and  just  before  his  departure  from  Britain  he  expressed 
his  concern  that  I  was  not  yet  arrived  from  New  England. 
4  If,'  said  he,  '  the  cruel  treatment  and  severe  persecution  of 
the  rebels  should  affect  his  life,  there  is  nothing  to  be  done, 
but  should  he  survive  their  malice  and  make  his  escape,  I  will 
certainly  do  something  for  his  advantage.' 

The  Secretary,  Mr.  Buckley,  was  extremely  moved  with  the 
narrative,  and  offered  to  send  me  ten  guineas,  provided  my 
friends  could  find  any  method  of  conveying  them  with  safety, 
and  this  day,  meeting  Mr.  Brown  in  the  street,  he  caught  hold 
of  his  hand,  and  repeated,  with  the  highest  emotions  of  pleas 
ure,  *  I  heartily  congratulate  you  on  the  fortunate  escape  of 
your  friend  from  his  wretched  confinement,  and  you  may  de 
pend  upon  my  assistance  to  procure  him  any  benefit  in  my 
power.'  These  incidents  were  very  soothing,  and  tended  to 
exhilarate  my  spirits  after  such  a  profusion  of  fatigue,  depres 
sion,  and  anxiety.  It  was,  however,  some  abatement  to  my 
felicity  when  I  found  no  British  forces  were  yet  arrived  from 
England,  either  here  or  at  New  York.  I  had,  notwithstand 
ing,  some  pleasing  expectations  from  the  expedition  to  the 
eastern  country,  under  the  conduct  of  General  McLean.  I 
now  understood  that  he  had  sailed  with  about  eight  hundred 
land  forces,  accompanied  with  six  or  seven  armed  vessels.  His 
design  was,  if  he  met  with  a  reinforcement  from  New  York, 
to  make  a  descent  upon  Falmouth,  or  otherwise  to  take  pos 
session  at  Penobscot.  In  the  afternoon  I  was  again  in  com 
pany  with  the  worthy  Capt.  Gay,  who  had  something  very 
singular  and  affecting  in  his  story.  This  gentleman  was  son 
to  Parson  Gay,  of  Hingham,  was  captain  of  the  militia  in  the 
rebellious  town  of  Boston,  and  a  deacon  of  Howard's  meeting, 
but  being  a  man  of  steady  principles  and  unshaken  virtue,  was 
early  disgusted  with  the  proceedings  of  his  countrymen.  He 
took  every  convenient  opportunity  of  discovering  his  senti 
ments  of  loyalty,  which  rendered  himself  highly  obnoxious  to 
the  malignant  and  furious  faction  in  Boston.  This  obliged 
him  to  apply  to  the  King's  troops  for  protection,  and  having 
conveyed  away  his  family,  excepting  his  eldest  son,  to  Hing 
ham,  he  fled  with  General  Howe  and  his  forces  to  this  Pro- 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  167 

vince,  upon  the  evacuation  of  the  above-mentioned  town. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  he  placed  his  son,  a  very  promising 
youth,  about  seventeen,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Allen,  an  emi 
nent  merchant  in  Halifax.  Mr.  Gay  afterwards  repaired  to 
Cumberland,  where  he  had  some  interest,  upon  business. 
During  the  absence  of  the  affectionate  father  the  son  was  per 
suaded  one  day  to  go  a  gunning  in  company  with  a  son  of 
Mr.  Allen,  .with  whom  he  had  contracted  a  most  intimate  ac 
quaintance.  After  they  had  diverted  themselves  several  hours 
they  returned  towards  town,  when,  by  some  unfortunate  acci 
dent,  Mr.  Allen's  gun  went  off  and  killed  his  friend  Gay  dead 
upon  the  spot.  This  melancholy  and  tragical  affair  threw  the 
whole  family  into  the  deepest  grief  and  consternation.  Before 
these  sorrowful  emotions  had  subsided  they  despatched  a  mes 
senger  with  the  shocking  intelligence  to  the  unhappy  father, 
who  met  the  messenger  on  the  road  between  Windsor  and 
Halifax  as  he  was  returning  from  Cumberland.  This  alarm 
ing  and  affecting  information  must  have  occasioned  the  most 
painful  sensations  in  the  bosom  of  the  bereaved  parent,  but 
he  sustained  all  the  afflictions  which  Providence  was  pleased 
to  pour  upon  him  with  surprising  firmness,  resignation,  and 
silent  composure.  We  had  in  company  this  afternoon  another 
refugee,  one  Mr.  Atkins,  formerly  a  merchant  in  Boston,  and 
afterwards  a  Custom  House  officer  at  Newbury.  He  had  suf 
fered  almost  every  species  of  indignity,  was  frequently  seized 
by  the  hand  of  lawless  power,  kept  under  confinement,  and 
threatened  with  destruction,  till  he  was  fortunate  enough,  about 
eleven  months  ago,  to  enlarge  himself  from  their  clutches.  He 
fled  along  the  eastern  shore,  and  arrived  at  this  asylum  by  the 
way  of  Machias.  Towards  night,  having  my  head  confused 
with  a  variety  of  objects  and  entertainments  of  various  kinds, 
I  repaired  to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  where  we  passed  away  the  eve 
ning  in  conversation,  and  related  to  each  other  our  several 
adventures  since  our  parting  last  year  at  Kennebeck.  Mrs. 
Callahan  informed  us,  that  having  embarked  from  Kennebeck 
with  one  Cermine,  a  Scotchman,  in  a  little  schooner  of  about 
ten  or  twelve  tons,  they  put  out  to  sea,  and  after  coasting 
along  the  eastern  shore  for  several  days,  at  length  crossed  the 


168  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

Bay  of  Fundy  in  a  thick  fog.  It  was  with  extreme  difficulty 
they  made  Annapolis  Gut,  where  she  was  fortunate  enough  to 
meet  her  husband,  then  commander  of  the  Gage,  arid  after 
tarrying  at  Annapolis  some  time  she  went  'round  to  Halifax 
by  water,  where  she  arrived  about  six  weeks  after  she  left 
Kennebeck,  and  has  since  been  settled  in  tranquillity,  and  able 
to  live  in  a  comfortable  manner  without  any  molestation  from 
rebel  committees.  She  then  gave  me  a  short  history  of  her 
husband's  fortune  from  the  time  he  left  his  own  habitation  at 
Pownalborough. 

June  22d.  This  morning,  after  breakfast,  received  another 
visit  from  the  good  Doctor,  who  informed  me  that  he  had  pro 
vided  us  with  an  habitation,  and  desired  me  to  attend  him  in 
order  to  view  it.  Pleased  with  this  agreeable  intelligence  I 
immediately  complied  with  his  requisition.  In  our  way  we 
happened  to  meet  with  Dr.  Prince,  a  refugee  from  Salem,  a 
gentleman  who  had  acquired  in  the  space  of  five  years  a  large 
fortune  by  merchandise.  To  this  countryman  of  mine  the 
Doctor  introduced  me,  and,  having  acquainted  him  with  my 
necessitous  circumstances,  the  other  generously  gave  me  eight 
dollars. 

The  house  which  the  Doctor  had  procured  belonged  to  Mr. 
Justice  Wennian,  keeper  of  the  Orphan  House,  and  stood 
on  the  east  side  of  Pleasant  Street,  which  runs  straight 
from  the  Grand  Parade,  near  the  Church,  to  the  water,  and  is 
almost  a  mile  in  length.  This  is  the  most  elegant  street  in 
the  town,  and  is  much  frequented  by  gentlemen  and  ladies  for 
an  evening  walk  in  fine  weather.  After  tea  we  perceive  one 
gay  company  after  another,  in  perpetual  succession,  dressed  in 
their  finest  apparel,  which  affords  a  fine  and  cheerful  appear 
ance.  At  the  gate  we  have  an  extensive  prospect  of  the  har 
bour  and  the  adjacent  ocean,  which  is  closed  by  the  southern 
horizon,  and  can  discover  every  sail  coming  from  the  westward 
the  moment  it  proceeds  'round  Jebucto  Head.  To  the  north 
ward  the  street  extends  adorned  with  the  grand  Provo,  Assem 
bly  House,  Church,  and  private  buildings  to  a  vast  distance, 
and  is  limited  by  a  cross  street,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from 
hence.  To  the  west  arise  beautiful  ranges  of  green  fields,  in- 


1779.]  LIFE    OF    REV.    JACOB     BAILEY.  169 

terspersed  with  several  remarkable  structures,  as  Fort  Massy, 
the  Governor's  summer  house,  the  Work  House ;  and  beyond 
these  the  Citadel  Hill,  with  all  its  fortifications  and  warlike  ap 
paratus,  towers  aloft  in  majestic  grandeur,  and  overlooks  both 
the  town  and  the  adjacent  country.  We  enter  through  a  spa 
cious  gate  into  a  decent  yard,  with  an  avenue  to  the  house, 
bounded  on  each  side  by  a  little  grove  of  English  hawthorns, 
in  this  season  in  all  their  blooming  glory.  The  house  consist 
ed  of  a  convenient  kitchen,  a  tight  cellar,  a  chamber,  and  an 
elegant  parlour,  papered  and  containing  two  closets.  Before 
the  door  was  a  little  porch  with  a  seat.,*,  Prom  the  two  eastern 
windows  we  had  a  most  charming  prospe'ct  pf  Mr.  Wenman's 
garden,  in  which  were  planted  such  a  profusion  of  willows, 
hawthorns,  and  fruit  trees  of  various  kinds,  that  they  formed  a 
perfect  wilderness,  extremely  pleasant  to  the  sight  and  grateful 
to  the  smell.  And,  indeed,  when  we  looked  out  of  these 
windows  we  rather  fancied  ourselves  in  the  midst  of  a  woody 
country,  than  in  the  heart  of  a  populous  town.  Dr.  Breynton 
introduced  me  to  Mr.  Wenman,  who,  like  a  true  Englishman, 
gave  me  a  hearty  welcome.  I  found  him  a  large,  robust  man, 
near  seventy  years  of  age,  with  scarce  a  wrinkle  in  his  face ; 
but  he  assured  me  that  notwithstanding  he  appeared  with  such 
a  florid,  strong,  and  healthy  constitution,  he  had  been  above 
twenty  years  afflicted  with  a  complication  of  disorders,  such 
as  the  gout,  gravel,  and  stone,  besides  a  troublesome  cough, 
which  seized  him  on  a  sudden,  and  continued  with  such  vio 
lence  that  it  frequently  deprived  him  of  strength.  The  people 
being  gone  to  fetch  our  trifles  from  on  board  the  schooner,  I 
tarried  with  Mr.  Wenman  till  their  arrival.  I  quickly  discov 
ered  him  to  be  an  enemy  to  the  American  rebellion,  and  after 
cursing  most  heartily  the  leaders,  ho  proceeded  to  inform  me 
that  this  Metropolis  contained  a  multitude  of  persons  disaf 
fected  to  government,  for  which  reason  he  seldom  went  abroad, 
and  that  upon  such  occasions  he  never  visited  but  two  families. 
He  appeared  to  be  a  rough,  open,  and  honest  Englishman, 
generous  ;  friendly,  and  humane,  where  he  imagines  an  object 
deserving,  but  those  who  are  artful,  designing,  or  conceited, 
can  look  for  no  more  than  bare  justice  from  him,  and  that  they 
22 


170  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1779. 

may  expect  to  receive  with  the  most  exact  punctuality.     When 
h%e  conveys  a  favour  the  matter  is  done  without  any  ceremony, 
and,  if  you  attempt  to  return  any  compliments  or  acknowledge 
ments,  he  would  rather  appear  to  be  offended,  and  declare,  with 
a  bluntness  peculiar  to  himself,  *  I  have  not  done  this  trifle  out 
of  any  particular  regard  to  yourself,  for  I  should  have  shown 
the  same,  or  perhaps  a  greater  favour,  to  any  other  person  in 
the    same   circumstances.'     He    assured   me   that  when    any 
person  had  offended  him  h e iTe^eTTorgaVeTiirn", Tor,  though  he 
scorned  to  take  any  revenge,  or  to  offer  him  the  least  injury, 
yet  he  immediately  broke  off  all  connection   with  him,  and 
never  trusted  him  afterwards.     But  notwithstanding  this  de 
claration,  I  am  certain  that  he  might  easily  be  reconciled  when 
the  offending  person  had  not  been   guilty  of  baseness  and 
treachery  in  his  conduct.     Whilst  we  continued  engaged  in 
this  conversation  he  made  several  shrewd  remarks  upon  the 
behaviour  of  my  countrymen,  who  formerly  used  the  Halifax 
trade.     Some  he  acknowledged  to  be  remarkably  honest  and 
fair  traders  as  ever  he  met  with  in  the  compass  of  his  acquaint 
ance,  but  in  general  he  found  them  to  be  the  profoundest  hyp 
ocrites  in  nature,  and  the  cunningest  knaves  upon  earth ;  for 
though  men  advanced  in  life  were  averse  to  swearing,  and 
would  pucker  up  their  mouths,  and  roll  their  eyes  towards 
Heaven  at  the  mention  of  an  oath,  yet  they  would  not  scruple 
to  lie,  and  deliberately  appeal  to  the  Almighty  in  confirmation 
of  a  falsehood.     He  likewise  added  that  he  had  been  acquaint 
ed  with  several  young  fellows  from  Boston  government,  who 
upon  their  first  arrival  at  Halifax  would  not  utter  a  profane 
oath,  or  execration,  upon  the  most  powerful  excitement  or  pro 
vocation,  but  only  when  highly  exasperated  exclaim,  '  I  vow 
you  are  a  serpently  devil,  a'most!'     And  yet  in  a  few  weeks 
these  very  conscientious  travellers  would  disengage  themselves 
from  all  the  restraints  of  education,  and  exceed  the  most  aban 
doned  sailors  in  bold  and  daring  impiety.     They  would  both 
take  the  Sacred  Name  in  vain,  and  practice  the  most  horrid 
curses,  and  even  make  a  public  scoff  and  ridicule  of  all  religion. 
When  the  old  gentleman  had  entertained  me  with  two  or  three 
of  his  long-winded  stories,  I  was  diverted  from  any  longer 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  171 

attendance  by  the  arrival  of  our  people,  and  having  conveyed 
our  treasure,  consisting  of  two  ancient  feather  beds,  —  through 
the  weather-beaten  crevices  of  which  the  down  issued  in  great 
abundance,  —  one  patched  quilt,  containing  a  greater  variety 
of  colours  than  the  rainbow ;  half  of  a  very  elderly  rug,  worn 
to  the  quick,  and  half  a  pair  of  sheets,  and  a  small  chest  con 
taining  the  remnants  of  poverty,  viz.:  one  silk  gown,  five  bat 
tered  knives  and  forks,  the  same  — " 

The  remainder  of  the  Journal  is  missing. 


172  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;  OR,          [1779. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE  paper  of  the  earliest  date  after  the  termination  of  the 
Journal,  which  has  come  into  the  hands  of  the  writer  of  this 
Memoir,  is  the  following: — 

TO    MR.    JOHN    CARLETON,    AT    WOOLWICH,    N.    E. 

Halifax,  June  25,  1779.  *  *  «  The  General  Assembly  of 
ttte  Province  have  given  me  two  hundred  dollars,  (not  square 
ones,)*  and  I  have  received  in  private  presents  nearly  three 
hundred  more.  The  lady  of  Col.  Phips,f  upon  my  recom 
mendation,  desires  that  if  the  King's  forces  should  arrive  in 
your  neighbourhood,  you  would  be  kind  enough  to  point  out 
her  farm,  and  to  suggest  some  method  to  preserve  the  cattle 
and  buildings  from  destruction." 

Gen.  McLean  commanded  an  expedition  which  had  sailed 
from  Halifax  that  summer  and  landed  at  Major-biguyduce,no\v 
Castine,  which  place  was  fortified  by  the  English  forces.  To 
this  officer  Mr.  Bailey  addressed  a  letter  from  Halifax,  July 
10th,  1779.  The  object  was  to  furnish  a  list  of  loyalists  in 
and  near  Kennebeck,  known  or  believed  to  be  such  by  the 
writer.  If  Mr.  Bailey  was  correct,  the  friends  of  the  British 
government,  in  that  region,  were  more  numerous  than  has 
generally  been  supposed.  He  gives  the  names  of  twenty-seven 
residing  in  Bristol  and  Broad  Bay,J  and  classes  with  them  "all 
the  Dutch  families  in  Broad  Bay,  except  ten  or  twelve  families," 
eighteen  in  Woolwich,  thirty-two  in  Georgetown,  fifty-three 


*  "  Resolved,  That  His  Honor,  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  be  requested  to  grant  a 
Warrant  to  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  of  £50,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  moneys  arising  from  the 
duties  on  Import  and  Excise,  for  his  present  Relief. 

Ordered,  That  this  Resolution  be  sent  to  His  Majesty's  Council  for  concurrence." 
— Journal  of  the  House  of  Assembly  of  Nova  Scotia,  June  23d,  1779 ;  p.  18. 

f  See  Sabine's  American  Loyalists — PHIPS,  DAVID,  p.  539. 

JNow  Waldoborough. 


1779.]  LIFE    OF    KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  173 

in  Pownalboro',  and  twenty-two  in  the  towns  of  St.  Georges, 
Bowdoinham,  Hallowell,  Topsbam  and  Winthrop.  In  writ 
ing  to  the  Venerable  Society  under  date  of  July  4th,  1779, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Sixteen  of  my  hearers  are  now  in  the  King's 
service,  and  the  remainder,  except  one  or  two  families,  are 
distinguished  for  their  loyalty." 

Attached  to  the  British  forces  which  held  Major-biguyduce 
was  Dr.  John  Calf,  who  had  married  the  daughter  of  Rev. 
Jedediah  Jewett,  of  Rowley,  Mr.  Bailey's  early  and  kind 
patron.  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  from  Halifax.  He  says: 
"  Being  informed  that  you  possess  a  department  in  the  garrison 
which  gives  you  considerable  influence,  I  have  made  this 
attempt  to  solicit  your  interest  in  case  a  chaplain  should  be 
appointed.  I  am  the  rather  induced  to  make  this  application 
because  your  station  is  within  the  limits  of  my  Mission,  and 
from  a  tender  regard  to  multitudes  of  loyal  subjects  within 
the  county  of  Lincoln,  who  are  both  my  friends  and  parish 
ioners." 

During  this  summer  Mr.  Bailey  received  invitations  from 
two  different  parishes  to  become  their  minister.  He  thus 
writes  to  his  brother  at  Pownalboro' : — 

"  Halifax,  Sept.  6th,  1779.  I  have  made  an  excursion  into 
the  country,  and  travelled  through  all  the  fine  settlements  on 
the  Basin  of  Minas,  and  never  beheld  finer  farms  than  at 
Windsor,  Falmouth,  Horton  and  Cornwallis.  The  latter  is 
the  place  where  the  Neutral  French  had  formerly  their  principal 
habitation.  I  have  dined  upon  the  very  spot  where  Charles* 
Le  Blanc  formerly  lived.  Two  hundred  families  are  settled  in 
this  place,  and  I.  am  invited  to  officiate  among  them  this 
winter,  and  believe  I  shall  accept  their  offer  till  I  can  return  to 
Kennebeck  in  safety.  They  have  agreed  to  furnish  me  with 
an  house  and  firing,  to  give  me  an  horse  worth  ten  guineas, 
to  be  at  the  expense  of  my  removal,  and  to  allow  me  a  weekly 
contribution,  besides  presents,  which  will  amount  to  more  than 
seventy  pounds  sterling  per  year,  if  I  reckon  the  prices  at 


*  This  should  be  Rene  Le  Blanc,  who  was  Public  Notary  for  the  Acadians.    Yide 
Halliburton1  s  Nova  Scotia,  I.  p.  194. 


174  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1779. 

Halifax.  But  notwithstanding  I  have  been  treated  with  un 
common  kindness  and  respect,  no  consideration  shall  ever 
detain  me  from  visiting  my  former  friends  and  neighbours 
when  the  tyranny  of  Congress  is  overpast.  I  have  likewise 
had  an  invitation  to  St.  Johns  and  Cumberland.  In  the  latter 
department  I  might  be  admitted  Chaplain  of  the  garrison, 
worth  X180  per  annum,  but  I  cannot  endure  the  thoughts  of 
that  remote  situation,  especially  among  a  set  of  people  disposed 
to  revolt," 

This  new  field  of  Mr.  Bailey's  labours  possessed  a  varied 
interest.  Its  natural  scenery  is  described  as  extremely  beauti 
ful,  while  the  fertility  of  its  soil  has  given  it  the  title  of  "the 
garden  of  Nova  Scotia."  Much  of  its  history,  too,  can  hardly 
fail  to  excite  emotion.  Here  dwelt,  only  some  few  years  before, 
a  people  who,  in  many  respects,  seem  almost  to  have  realized 
the  Golden  Age  of  the  poets.  Simple  in  their  manners,  and 
abundantly  supplied,  from  their  own  labor,  with  everything 
which  their  few  wants  required,  they  sought  little  or  no  inter 
course  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  from  which  they  were, 
in  a  great  measure,  isolated. 

But  they  inhabited  a  country  that  had  frequently  changed 
masters,  and  they  were  not  gifted  with  that  policy  which 
would  enable  them  to  transfer  their  allegiance  with  the  results 
of  war,  or  the  treaties  of  European  Powers.  Their  attachment 
to  their  fatherland  was  strengthened  by  a  community  of  reli 
gion.  Their  manners  and  customs,  the  style  of  their  dwellings 
and  the  fashion  of  their  dress  and  ornaments,  reminded  the 
traveller  of  France,  which  had  its  representatives  in  many 
respects  amid  the  evergreens,  and  on  the  dyked  meadows  of 
this  part  of  Acadia.  The  English  supposed,  and  perhaps 
justly,  that  the  professed  neutrality  of  these  simple  inhabitants 
had  been  violated  by  indirect  assistance  to  the  French,  who 
attacked  Chebucto  and  other  places,  and  that  at  times  they 
had  joined  with  them  and  the  Indians  in  their  marauding 
expeditions.  Hence  it  was  determined  to  transport  them  to 
other  places.  And  though  perhaps  this  was  managed  with  as 
much  judgment  and  feeling  as  the  case  admitted,  yet  hundreds 
were  taken  from  the  old,  familiar  scenes  of  their  nativity,  and 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  175 

scattered  through  the  other  American  colonies.  Here  they 
could  not  fail  to  experience  the  hatred  which  would  be  shown 
to  persons  suspected  of  any  previous  connection  with  the 
Indians,  whose  barbarous  warfare  had  caused  so  much  waste 
of  blood  and  treasure  in  many  places,  and  this  antipathy 
would  be  sharpened  by  dislike  to  the  religion  of  these  poor 
exiles.  Upon  the  departure  of  these  unfortunate  people,  their 
houses  and  church  were  burned  by  the  English,  their  domestic 
animals  perished  with  hunger,  and  the  dykes,  which  protected 
their  fertile  meadows  from  the  sea,  fell  into  decay.  Five  years 
after  this  event  a  fleet  of  twenty-two  transports,  convoyed  by 
an  armed  vessel  of  sixteen  guns,  landed  emigrants  from  New 
England  on  the  territory  that  had  been  occupied  by  the  Neutral 
French.  Two  hundred  persons  from  Connecticut  settled  at 
Cornwallis.  Although,  as  before  stated,  the  natural  features 
of  the  country  were  beautiful,  yet  the  ruin  which  had  befallen 
the  former  inhabitants  was  distinctly  visible,  and  could  hardly 
fail  to  inspire  melancholy  emotions. 

Stockaded  houses  were  erected,  and  a  small  detachment  of 
soldiers  were  stationed  at  Cornwallis  for  the  protection  of  the 
inhabitants  against  the  Indians.  The  detachment  was  after 
wards  increased,  and  a  regular  military  post  was  established 
with  the  properly  fortified  buildings. 

The  greater  part,  if  not  all,  who  settled  at  Cornwallis  were 
dissenters  from  the  Church  of  England.  But  in  three  years 
after  their  arrival,  a  Missionary  of  the  Venerable  Society 
was  appointed  to  the  region  in  which  that  town  was  situated. 

In  1770,  a  small  church  was  erected  at  Cornwallis  by  Col. 
Burbidge  and  Mr.  Best,  at  their  own  expense.* 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  at  his  field  of  labour  about  Oct.  20th, 
1779.  The  winter  that  succeeded  was  one  of  anxiety  and 
gloom.  The  community  was  very  much  divided  in  religious 
matters,  the  Church  people  were  few,  about  twenty  families, 
who  of  course  were  strangers  to  their  new  minister,  and  there 
were  few  to  sympathize  with  him  in  his  loyalty  to  the  King. 


*  Aiken's  Sketch  of  the  Church  in  the  Provinces,  p.  25. 


176  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1779. 

His  expectations  in  the  way  of  salary  seem  not  to  have  been 
realized,  for  he  writes  to  a  friend  :  "  My  emoluments  are  small. 
I  am  allowed  a  little,  inconvenient  house  and  fire-wood,  and 
get  beside  five  or  six  shillings  per  week  contribution  for  preach 
ing.  I  have  about  ten  or  twelve  scholars,  which  afford  me 
about  eight  dollars  per  month.  Every  necessary  of  life  is 
extremely  dear  in  this  place." 

Affliction  also  visited  him.  He  was  informed  of  the  death 
of  his  brother  at  Kennebec,  who  had  been  his  Parish  Clerk 
there,  and  also  of  that  of  Capt.  Callahan,  who,  while  acting 
as  one  of  the  King's  Pilots,  lost  his  life  by  shipwreck  in 
Halifax  harbor.  This  person  had  been  one  of  his  Church 
Wardens  at  Pownalboro'.  Added  to  this  was  pecuniary  dis 
appointment.  A  mercantile  friend  in  Halifax,  to  whom  he 
had  intrusted  bills  of  exchange  on  London  for  £100  sterling, 
became  bankrupt.  Mr.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Rev.  Samuel 
Peters,  formerly  of  Hebron,  Ct.,  but  then  in  London,  mentions 
the  fact  of  this  failure  and  says :  "  As  I  have  been  obliged  to 
run  in  debt  at  Cornwallis  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  this  affair 
throws  me  into  an  uncomfortable  situation." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  sacrificed  much  more  advantageous  pros 
pects  to  come  to  Cornwallis  because  he  considered  himself 
bound  in  honor  to  fulfil  the  engagements  he  had  made  with  the 
parish  in  that  town.  He  writes  to  Mr.  Pochard  at  Kennebec: 
"  About  ten  days  after  my  arrival  in  Halifax,  I  received  an 
invitation  from  some  principal  gentlemen  to  visit  Cornwallis. 
I  accordingly  preached  among  them  two  Sundays  in  August, 
and,  finding  nothing  more  advantageous  offer,  I  agreed  to 
remove  my  family  and  continue  through  the  winter,  but 
immediately  after  this  engagement  I  was  urged  to  tarry  at 
Halifax,  as  an  assistant  to  the  worthy  Dr.  Breynton,  for  which 
I  was  offered  £70  sterling  per  year,  besides  a  school  worth  an 
hundred  more  ;  and  what  conduced  to  render  this  employment 
still  more  agreeable,  I  was  assured,  both  by  Dr.  Breynton  and 
the  Church  officers,  that  my  performances  were  acceptable  to 
that  numerous  congregation;  and  though  my  being  preferred 
to  several  other  clergymen  was  a  little  flattering  to  my  vanity, 
yet  I  concluded  to  adhere  to  my  engagements,  and  removed 


1780.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  177 

with  my  family  about  the  middle  of  October  to  this  distant 
retreat." 

During  the  summer  of  1780  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  hi^  sister- 
in-law  at  Kennebec:  "I  have  lately,  without  any  solicitation 
on  my  part,  been  appointed  deputy  chaplain  to  the  84th 
Regiment,  part  of  which  keep  a  garrison  at  Annapolis."  In 
a  subsequent  letter  to  a  friend,  he  says:  "Dr.  Breynton  is 
included  in  the  appointment  and  performs  the  duty"  (in  Hali 
fax.)  The  following  is  an  extract  of  a  letter  to  the  Society, 
P.  G.,  dated  Nov.  4th  in  this  year.  "I  beg  leave  to  inform  the 
Venerable  Society  that  I  still  continue  at  Cornwallis,  and  have 
officiated  without  being  absent  one  Sunday  since  my  arrival. 
I  have  had  a  decent  and  respectable,  though  not  a  Targe  congre 
gation.  Their  contributions  towards  my  support  are  precarious, 
and  all  the  articles  of  subsistence  are  so  excessively  extrava 
gant  that  my  emoluments  will  hardly  support  my  family.  The 
want  of  books  is  a  misfortune  I  sensibly  feel  in  my  present 
situation,  for  I  was  constrained  to  leave  my  library  behind 
when  I  escaped  from  New  England,  and  being  so  remote  from 
the  metropolis  I  can  receive  no  assistance  from  others." 

In  December  of  the  same  year,  Rev.  Aaron  Ban  croft  arrived. 
Mr.  Bancroft  was  afterwards  a  Doctor  of  Divinity  and  Con 
gregational  minister  at  Worcester,  Mass.  At  first  Mr.  Bailey 
was  suspicious  of  him,  as  the  Dissenters  in  Cornwallis  are  said 
by  him  to  have  sympathized  in  the  American  Revolution. 

Dr.  Hicks,  then  residing  in  the  West  Indies,  had  formerly 
been  in  Mr.  Bailey's  neighborhood  at  Kennebec  and  become 
acquainted  with  the  prominent  persons  there.  The  folio  win  <r 
extract  of  a  letter  to  him  dated  Dec.  22d,  1780,  refers  to  an 
individual  well  known  in  that  part  of  the  country.  "  I  fancy 
you  must  have  been  acquainted  with  John  Jones  the  surveyor 
of  Kennebeck.  After  having  almost  exceeded  the  famous 
Roderick  Random  in  adventures  and  escapes,  he  obtained  a 
Captain's  commission  in  Rogers'  corps,  and  in  several  excur 
sions  from  Penobscot  he  has  performed  wonders.  Among 
other  exploits  he  seized  the  tyrant  Gushing  at  his  own  house, 
and  conveyed  him  in  a  ridiculous  dishabille  to  the  British  fort." 

The  straitness  of  Mr.  Bailey's  circumstances  at  the  com- 
23 


178  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1781. 

mencement  of  1781  may  be  inferred  from  a  statement  to  his 
brother-in-law.  Rev.  Mr.  Weeks:  "The  contest  with  regard  to 
a  school  has  terminated  in  my  favour,  and  I  have  at  present 
ten  scholars,  the  number  I  was  desirous  of  instructing,  but 
nothing  except  necessity  would  have  prevailed  upon  me  to 
continue  this  laborious  and  perplexing  employment." 

In  March,  1781,  a  daughter  was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey, 
who  was  christened  Rebecca  Lavina. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  formerly  Rector  of  King's  Chapel,  Bos 
ton,  Mass.,  left  that  place  with  the  British  troops  who  evacu 
ated  Boston  in  March,  1776.  In  writing  to  a  correspondent 
in  April,  1781,  Mr.  Bailey  states,  "  by  letters  from  London  I 
am  informed  that  Dr.  Caner  had  retired  with  his  young  wife 
to  Cardiff',  in  Wales.'7 

Several  letters  are  preserved  from  Rev.  Samuel  Peters, 
D.  D.,  then  residing  in  London,  to  the  subject  of  this  Me 
moir.  They  are  all  of  a  singular  character,  like  the  writer. 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  one,  dated  London,  Feb 
ruary  8th,  1781.  *  *  "  What  I  am  next  to  consider  is 
how  I  can  come  at  one  or  two  of  your  sermons,  that  the  public 
may  share  with  the  ingrates  of  Cornwallis  what  Sterne  would 
read  and  devour  with  pleasure.  *  *  I  have  heard  much  of 
your  sermons  as  to  style,  sentiment,  and  composition,  that  they,, 
are  exotics  and  originals.  *  *  You  will  see  the  Farewell 
to  Kennebeck,*  but  little  differenced  from  the  original,  which 
was  chiefly  done  to  avoid  some  words  less  fashionable  now 
than  formerly,  and  to  make  even  measure,  as  is  the  fashion 
now  in  ten  feet  verses.  Many  verses  would  have  done  honour 
to  Young,  or  Pope,  or  Milton.  The  last  verse  was  read  aloud 
in  a  Coffee  House,  and  drew  sighs  and  tears  from  many  sym 
pathizing  persons."  Another  correspondent  in  London  writes, 
"  I  have  not  yet  seen  the  lines  you  sent  to  Mr.  Peters,  who  has 
made  you  figure  in  the  Magazines  by  publishing  them." 

In  reply  to  the  request  of  Dr.  Peters,  contained  in  the  fore 
going  letter,  Mr.  Bailey  writes :  "  In  a  former  letter  you  men 
tioned  somewhat  about  sending  you  sermons,  which,  in  con- 

*  See  Note  K. 


1781.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  179 

junction  with  the  desire  of  several  friends  in  these  parts  has 
induced  me  to  transcribe  a  number  and  leave  them  with  Mr. 
Thomas  Brown,  of  Halifax,  which  he  may  transmit,  if  he 
pleases.  I  am  sensible  that  they  have  nothing  to  recommend 
them  except  their  novelty.  If  they  should  be  thought  worthy 
of  publication  they  will  make  a  volume  of  the  same  size  with 
Sterne's.  You  may  affix  what  title  you  think  proper.  They 
were  all,  except  the  first  two,  delivered  since  the  commence 
ment  of  the  rebellion.  I  had  little  choice  in  this  collection,  for 
I  brought  away  only  about  a  dozen  in  my  precipitate  flight." 
To  Rev.  William  Clarke,  formerly  Rector  of  the  Church  in 
Dedham,  Mass.,  but  who  was  then  residing  in  London,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes:  "  It  would  never  have  entered  into  my  head  to 
offer  any  of  my  sermons  for  publication  had  it  not  been  for 
Mr.  Peters.  *  *  You  will  find  them  upon  singular  subjects, 
chiefly  levelled  against  the  principles  of  rebellion.  These  were 
chosen  from  about  a  dozen  which  I  accidentally  brought  away 
from  New  England.  All  the  rest  of  my  sermons,  books,  &c., 
were  left  behind.  1  cannot  forbear  remarking  that  the  5th  and 
7th  discourses  were  highly  applauded  by  the  Whigs,  and  that 
party,  in  consequence  of  what  they  termed  my  bold  integrity, 
made  me  a  present  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  but  these 
were  chiefly  Southern  Whigs.  The  6th,  however,  gave  great 
offence  at  Falmouth  to  the  rebellious  party,  who  could  endure 
no  strictures  upon  revenge,  perfidy,  and  baseness."  To  the 
letter  to  Dr.  Peters,  the  Doctor  thus  replied :  "  London,  Feb.  15, 
1782.  I  received  your  eight  sermons  with  pleasure  and  read 
them.  The  cost  of  printing  two  hundred  and  fifty  is  X12,  in 
the  size  of  Sterne.  I  intend  to  send  you  one  of  them  printed 
the  next  opportunity."  Whether  these  were  ever  published 
the  writer  of  this  Memoir  has  no  means  of  knowing. 

A  History  of  Connecticut,  which  has  attracted  much  atten 
tion,  has  generally  been  ascribed  to  Dr.  Peters,  entirely  on 
internal  evidence,  as  the  Doctor  never  acknowledged  it.  The 
letter  just  quoted  contains  the  following :  "  Some  assassin,  last 
summer,  published  the  History  of  Connecticut  in  a  lively  and 
sarcastic  style.  It  is  said  to  be  the  only  true  and  impartial 
history  ever  published  about  New  England.  We  cannot  find 


180  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1781. 

out  the  author,  but  Harrison  Gray,  and  the  Saints  of  Salem 
and  Boston,  like  it  not.  They  call  it  '  a  cursed  book.'  Price 
65.,  bound." 

The  occupation  by  the  British,  in  1779,  of  the  peninsula  of 
Major-biguyduce,  now  called  Castine,  has  been  before  spoken 
of.  Here  they  erected  a  fortification  to  which  they  gave  the 
name  of  Fort  George.  Many  loyalists  found  their  way  thither, 
among  them  some  of  Mr.  Bailey's  friends  in  the  eastern  coun 
try.  A  desire  to  be  with  them,  and  discontent  with  the  place 
of  his  residence,  induced  him  to  think  favorably  of  a  removal 
thither.  In  several  of  his  letters  he  mentions  this  wish  of  his, 
to  which  some  of  the  residents  at  Fort  George  responded,  as 
appears  by  a  subscription  paper  drawn  up  this  year  for  his 
support,  and  signed  by  fifteen  persons.  Among  these  names 
are  Jere.  Pote,  Robert  Pagan,  Robert  Pagan,  Jr.,  and  Thomas 
Wyer,  formerly  of  Falmouth,  now  Portland.  In  a  letter  to 
the  Society,  P.  G.,  Nov.  8,  1781,  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "I  have 
had  several  applications  from  my  friends  at  Penobscot  for  my 
removal  thither,  but,  though  that  settlement  has  greatly  in 
creased,  other  gentlemen,  upon  whose  friendship  and  judgment 
I  can  rely,  advise  me  not  to  venture  while  matters  remain  in 
their  present  precarious  situation."  In  two  years  after  the 
place  was  given  up  by  the  British. 

Events  were  in  progress  that  led  to  his  appointment  as  Mis 
sionary  at  Annapolis.  This  place  has  been  before  spoken  of, 
under  its  French  name  of  Port  Royal,  as  the  residence  of  the 
adventurers  from  France  in  the  years  1604  and  1605.  During 
the  century  that  followed,  the  basin  that  lies  in  its  front  bore 
on  its  bosom  at  various  times  hostile  fleets,  and  the  neighbor 
ing  hills  echoed  back  the  rattling  of  musketry  and  the  report 
of  cannon,  used  by  those  who  attacked  and  those  who  defend 
ed  the  important  fortress  which  was  there  established.  Mar 
tial  law  alone  prevailed  for  many  long  years.  No  Protestant 
minister  had  settled  himself  at  this  distant  post,  but  Romish 
priests  ministered  to  the  garrison  and  the  neighboring  savages 
in  those  years,  when  the  French  had  possession  of  Port  Royal. 
It  was  not  till  1713  that  Nova  Scotia  finally  passed  by  treaty 
into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who,  in  honor  to  the  reigning 


1781.]  LIFE     OF     RET.     JACOB     BAILEY.  181 

sovereign,  changed  the  name  of  Port  Royal  to  Annapolis.  The 
importance  of  its  position,  and  its  being  the  residence  of  the 
Governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  of  military  officers  of  high  rank, 
made  it  the  most  noted  place  east  of  Boston,  excepting  Louis- 
burgh.  It  thus  remained  until  1750,  when  the  seat  of  govern 
ment  was  removed  to  the  rapidly  rising  town  of  Halifax. 

The  first  English  Missionary*  at  Annapolis  was  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Wood,  formerly  of  New  Jersey,  but  who  was  trans 
ferred  from  that  Province  to  Halifax  in  1756.  In  addition  to 
the  performance  of  the  labors  of  his  Mission  he  was  enabled 
to  visit  Annapolis  twice  in  1762,  and  in  the  next  year  removed 
to  that  place.  He  became  so  familiar  with  the  Micmac  lan 
guage  as  to  form  a  grammar  of  it,  and  to  officiate  to  the  In 
dians  in  their  native  tongue.  In  1775  his  people  subscribed 
for  the  erection  of  a  church  sixty  by  forty  feet.  Three  years 
after,  Mr.  Wood  closed  a  laborious  life  among  his  attached 
people.  The  Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  formerly  Missionary  at 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  being  in  England  in  1779,  obtained  the 
appointment  of  Missionary  at  Annapolis.  Returning  to  Halifax 
in  July  of  that  year  his  anxiety  for  his  family,  then  at  Marble- 
head,  induced  him  soon  after  to  embark  for  New  York,  to  ar 
range  for  their  removal  to  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Weeks  did  not 
reach  Halifax  till  May  in  the  following  year,  where  he  found 
his  wife  and  children,  who  had,  in  fact,  arrived  there  a  few 
days  after  his  departure  from  that  place  the  previous  autumn. 
He  appears  to  have  visited  Annapolis  for  the  first  time  in  June, 
1780,  and  was  there  perhaps  once  more  a  few  months  after. 
In  June  of  the  following  year  he  probably  passed  three  or  four 
weeks  there,  returning  to  Halifax,  where  his  family  resided. 
This  neglect  to  reside  at  his  Mission  displeased  the  Venerable 
Society.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  same  summer  Mr.  Bailey 
received  a  letter  from  Rev.  Mather  Byles,  D.  D.,  dated  Halifax, 
August  llth,  1781,  of  which  the  following  is  an  extract :  "  I 
think  it  my  duty,  without  any  further  delay,  to  send  you  the 

*  But  there  was  probably  a  chaplain  to  the  garrison  at  this  place,  for  in  one  of  the 
returns  of  the  expense  of  the  establishment  for  one  year  previous  to  1750,  is  found — 
"  Chaplain  6s.  per  diem,  or  £121  13s.  4d.  per  annum."— Halliburton,  II.,  p.  198.  See 
also  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Peters,  October  31st,  1784. 


182  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1782. 

following  extracts  from  a  letter  which  I  have  received  from  Dr. 
Morice,  dated  Feb.  6,  1781. 

"  '  I  am  to  communicate  to  you  the  Resolution  of  the  So 
ciety,  that  Mr.  Weeks  go  immediately  to  Annapolis,  and  if  he 
should  not,  then  either  Dr.  Byles  or  Mr.  Bailey  must  take  that 
Mission.  The  offer  is  first  made  to  you.' 

"  I  have  informed  Mr.  Weeks  of  the  above  Resolution.  His 
reply  was,  that '  he  should  not  remove  to  Annapolis  at  present; 
that  the  Mission  was  a  matter  of  indifference  to  him;  and  that 
I  might  go  there  if  I  pleased.'  Accordingly  the  care  of  that 
Mission,  if  I  chose  to  accept  it,  would  now  devolve  upon  me ; 
but  as  I  determine,  for  reasons  which  I  shall  communicate  to 
the  Society,  to  decline  the  charge,  the  design  of  this  letter  is 
formally  to  resign  it  in  your  favour.  As  the  Society  seem  to 
have  intrusted  the  conduct  of  this  affair  to  me,  and,  I  am  very 
sensible  will  expect  a  speedy  and  decisive  answer,  1  should 
be  glad  to  know  by  the  first  opportunity  whether  the  offer, 
which  I  look  upon  myself  as  now  authorized  to  make  you,  be 
agreeable,  that  I  may  transmit  your  reply  to  that  venerable 
body." 

The  answer  to  this,  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Bailey,  was :  "  If  Mr. 
Weeks  declines  going  to  Annapolis,  and  you  are  willing  to 
resign  your  prior  appointment  in  my  favor,  I  shall  cheerfully 
accept  of  the  Mission."  In  October,  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  visited 
Annapolis,  it  being  his  second  visit  this  year,  and  in  November 
he  wrote  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  disapproving  of  his  views  with 
reference  to  that  place.  In  the  spring  of  the  next  year  the  fol 
lowing  letter  reached  Mr.  Bailey  : — 

«  HATTON  GARDEN,  Jan'y  29,  1782. 

"  REV.  SIR  : — Your  two  letters  of  the  9th  November  last 
have  been  duly  received,  and  were  laid  before  the  Society  at 
their  meeting  on  the  25th  instant,  when  the  affair  of  Mr. 
Weeks  being  taken  into  full  consideration  the  Society  came 
to  the  following  determination  :  Resolved,  that  as  Mr.  Weeks 
refuses  to  reside  upon  the  Mission  of  Annapolis,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Bailey  be  appointed  in  his  room.  You  will  therefore  consider 
yourself  henceforward  as  Missionary  to  that  place,  whither  you 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  183 

will,  with  all  due  speed,  repair :  and  after  what  has  passed  re 
specting  Mr.  Weeks  there  is  little  occasion  for  me  to  observe 
that  the  Society  expect  that  you  will  constantly  reside  there. 
The  people  of  Granville  are  to  be  considered  as  part  of  the 
Mission.  *  *  *  Your  salary  from  the  Society  is  the  same  as 
it  now  stands,  £50  stlg.,  but  you  will  receive  £70  stlg.  from 
the  Government,  which,  I  believe,  is  paid  in  Nova  Scotia.  I 
should  hope  that  the  Chaplainship  of  the  Garrison  will  be 
given  to  you  also,  as  Mr.  Weeks  can  now  have  no  claims  to 
it.  All  I  have  further  to  add  on  this  subject  is  my  hearty 
prayer  for  all  success  in  your  Ministry,  and  every  degree  of 
prosperity  to  you  and  your  large  family,  who,  I  hope,  will  re 
ceive  comfort  in  that  situation,  which  Mr.  Weeks,  by  multi 
plying  his  lucrative  employments,  seems  to  have  despised. 
****** 
"  I  am,  Rev'd  Sir, 

Your  affectionate  brother, 
and  very  humble  servant, 

WM.  MORICE,  Secretary." 

In  writing  to  a  friend  shortly  after  the  receipt  of  the  forego 
ing  letter,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  I  am  sorry  to  find  Mr.  Weeks 
wholly  excluded  from  the  Society's  service.  I  am  informed 
that  he  is  offended  with  me,  though,  I  can  truly  affirm,  the 
appointment  was  not  of  my  seeking,  and  even  when  Dr. 
Morice  informed  me  last  fall  that  I  was  to  succeed  in  case  Mr. 
Weeks  and  Dr.  Byles  should  refuse,  I  signified,  in  my  reply, 
that  I  should  prefer  Penobscot,  could  I  remove  thither  with 
safety,  and  the  Secretary,  in  his  last  letter,  assures  me  that  Mr. 
Weeks  was  dismissed  for  non-residence,  and  for  despising  the 
Society's  favour." 

Mr.  Bailey  makes  the  following  statement  of  the  amount  of 
his  income  when  at  Cornwallis :  "  During  which  time  I  had 
no  emoluments  except  fifty  pounds  from  the  Society,  a  deputy 
Chaplainship  for  half  a  year,  and  the  contributions  of  a  few 
people  at  Cornwallis." 

The  following  letter,  dated  August  5th,  1782,  though  of 
some  length,  seems  to  be  worthy  of  insertion,  here : — 


184  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1782. 


«  To . 

"  DEAR  SIR  : — In  pursuance  of  my  engagements  I  now  ap 
ply  myself  to  furnish  you  with  some  account  of  my  late  move 
ments  and  adventures.  I  believe  you  have  already  received 
information  that  before  my  departure  from  Cornwallis  I  was 
invited  to  officiate  in  the  Meeting  House.  In  consequence  of 
this  invitation  I  read  prayers  and  delivered  two  sermons  to  a 
more  numerous  assembly  than  I  had  ever  seen  in  this  Province. 
Most  of  the  inhabitants  of  every  denomination  attended,  gave 
serious  attention,  behaved  with  decency,  favoured  me  with  a 
very  handsome  collection,  and  seemed  to  relish  my  farewell 
discourse.  But  modesty  must  prevent  my  enlarging  here,  everi 
to  a  friend. 

We  proposed  to  advance  towards  Annapolis  on  Tuesday, 
the  24th  of  July,  but  an  excessive  rain  on  Monday  hindered 
our  preparations,  so  that  our  departure  was  delayed  till 
Wednesday  morning,  when  we  observed  the  following  order: 
a  cart,  with  two  yoke  of  oxen,  containing  all  our  worldly 
possessions,  began  the  procession,  guarded  by  a  couple  of 
sprightly  young  fellows,  who  offered  their  services;  a  vehicle 
for  the  reception  of  Mrs.  Bailey  and  her  children  drawn  by 
two  horses  next  appeared  under  the  conduct  of  honest  John.* 
Mrs.  Burbidge,  in  her  chaise,  with  the  above-mentioned 
persons,  set  off  about  seven,  accompanied  with  near  thirty 
people,  of  both  sexes,  on  horseback,  who  attended  us  with 
cheerful  solemnity  to  the  distance  of  fourteen  miles  on  our 
journey.  About  eleven  we  arrived  at  Marshall's,  and  with 
much  difficulty  provided  an  early  dinner  for  our  large  company. 
At  one  we  parted  with  our  friends.  Upon  this  occasion  the 
scenes  were  affecting;  mutual  effusions  of  sorrow  were  dis 
played,  and  our  hearts  were  agitated  with  tender  emotions. 
Once  I  imagined  it  impossible  to  abandon  Cornwallis  with 
such  painful  regret,  and  conceived  that  we  could  bid  the  inhabi 
tants  adieu  without  a  single  tear  of  sensibility  on  either  side, 
but  I  found  myself  mistaken.  Justice  and  gratitude  compel 


*  John  McNamarra. 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  185 

me  to  entertain  a  more  favourable  opinion  of  these  people 
than  formerly,  and  their  conduct  has  appeared  in  a  much  more 
amiable  light  at  the  conclusion  than  at  the  beginning  of  our 
connection.  Most  of  my  hearers,  and  several  of  other  denomi 
nations,  made  us  presents  before  our  migration,  and  we  were 
at  no  expense  for  horses  and  carriages.  The  distressing  cere 
mony  of  parting  being  over,  Mrs.  Bailey  was  seated  with  her 
little  ones  in  the  above-mentioned  machine,  over  which  was 
stretched  a  covering  of  canvas,  as  a  defence  both  from  the 
vivid  rays  of  the  sun  and  the  rain  of  heaven.  We  now 
entered  a  wilderness  of  vast  extent,  without  a  single  human 
habitation  for  the  space  of  eleven  miles,  the  roads  extremely 
rough,  sheltered  with  tall  forests,  encumbered  with  rocks  and 
deformed  with  deep  sloughs;  and,  to  render  the  scene  still 
more  disconsolate  and  dismal,  the  winds  howled  among  the 
trees,  thick  volumes  of  clouds  rolled  from  the  western  hemis 
phere,  and  the  rumble  of  thunder  announced  the  horrors  of 
an  approaching  tempest.  We  had  still  in  company  six  persons 
besides  our  own  family,  two  of  whom  pushed  forward  with 
Betsy  Nye  and  reached  a  publick  house  before  the  rain.  Mr. 
Starr  and  your  humble  servant  left  the  carnages  at  the  distance 
of  four  miles  from  the  dwelling  of  one  Potter,  lately  removed 
from  Cornwallis,  at  which  we  arrived  a  little  after  sunset,  just 
as  the  heavy  shower  was  beginning  to  descend.  The  sudden 
darkness  of  the  evening,  with  the  danger  of  oversetting,  gave 
us  very  uneasy  apprehensions;  at  length  Mrs.  Bailey  and  the 
children  appeared,  as  did  some  time  after  the  conductors  of 
the  team  thoroughly  wet  to  the  skin.  We  were  crowded, 
eight  in  number  besides  the  family,  into  a  room  about  sixteen 
feet  square,  which  proved  a  miserable  shelter  against  the  most 
impetuous  rain  I  ever  knew  in  this  Province.  The  house 
leaked  so  intolerably  that  I  was  wet  to  the  skin  at  the  tea- 
table;  we  however  placed  bear  skins  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
preserve  a  good  feather  bed  from  the  water,  into  which  we 
tumbled  about  midnight,  but  the  incredible  swarms  of  musqui- 
tos  and  sand  flies,  and  the  intolerable  heat,  both  of  the  weather 
and  a  large  fire,  prevented  us  from  sleeping.  The  next  morning 
we  arose  before  the  sun,  and  during  breakfast  were  tormented 
24 


186  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1782. 

by  our  unwelcome  companions  of  the  preceding  night.  The 
weather  was  remarkably  close  and  muggy,  the  heavens  over 
spread  with  heavy  clouds,  the  mountains  and  rivers  covered 
with  stagnant  fogs,  and  all  the  surrounding  scenes  of  nature 
presaged  tempest  and  thunder.  Having  prepared  our  cattle 
and  horses,  about  five  we  began  to  move  forward.  At  the 
distance  of  a  mile  from  our  lodgings  I  was  invited  to  a  chris 
tening,  while  the  carriages  proceeded.  After  the  performance 
of  this  exercise  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Starr,  and  rode  over 
the  sandy,  barren  plains  about  two  miles,  till  I  overtook  our 
company.  By  this  time  the  western  hemisphere  presented  an 
awful  front  of  blackness,  and  solemn  peals  of  thunder  rolled 
along  the  gloomy  arch.  In  a  few  moments,  the  north-west 
wind  began  to  muster  his  forces  and  impelled  the  enormous 
shower  to  approach  with  frightful  rapidity.  Both  earth  and 
heaven  were  instantly  involved  in  clouds  and  darkness,  inter 
rupted  with  flashes  of  lightning. 

We  were  fortunate  enough  to  reach  a  couple  of  cottages, 
the  only  habitations  within  the  extent  of  four  or  five  miles, 
just  as  the  torrents  were  beginning  to  descend.  Mrs.  Bailey 
with  her  children  and  part  of  the  company  took  shelter  in  one, 
while  myself  and  the  remainder  gained  possession  of  the 
other.  It  will  be  needless  to  describe  the  progress  of  the 
tempest,  to  picture  the  furious  driving  of  the  rain,  or  to  present 
to  your  imagination  the  accumulated  streams,  pouring  down 
the  hills  and  smoking  along  the  valleys  with  impetuous  roar. 
I  found  no  person  in  the  house  except  the  basket  maker's 
daughter,  lately  arrived  from  Black  Hall.  A  prettier  face  I 
had  never  beheld  in  the  Province,  and  her  behaviour,  notwith 
standing  the  homeliness  of  her  apparel,  was  sufficient  to 
prejudice  a  connoisseur  in  her  favour.  Having  purchased  of 
the  rural  beauty  baskets  to  the  amount  of  a  dollar,  and  the 
storm  beginning  to  abate,  we  quickly  remounted  and  pushed 
forward  with  as  much  alacrity  as  possible,  the  roads  swimming 
in  water,  the  fragments  of  clouds  dropping  upon  us.  The 
sun  at  length  breaking  out  with  increasing  splendour,  the 
company  upon  single  horses  agreed  to  push  for  the  next  stage 
at  the  distance  of  eight  miles.  On  this  occasion  Betsy  Nye, 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  187 

who  had  the  preceding  day  lost  her  cloak,  returned  a  borrowed 
surtout.  But  we  had  no  sooner  entered  the  vast  plains  to  the 
westward  of  Black  Hall,  the  only  human  residence  between 
the  place  of  our  departure  and  Crocker's,  when  the  face  of 
heaven  began  again  to  scowl  and  wear  a  threatening  aspect, 
and  now  the  waters  burst  in  continued  and  impetuous  showers 
from  the  clouds.  For  five  miles  together  we  were  attended  by 
these  descending  floods,  till  we  were  completely  soaked  through 
our  garments  to  the  skin.  Poor  Betsy  on  this  occasion  was 
an  object  both  of  laughter  and  compassion,  her  hat  hanging 
over  each  ear,  the  water  streaming  from  her  disheveled  hair, 
and  her  clothes  clinging  to  her  lean,  lanky  carcass,  exhibited  a 
picture  dismally  romantic,  and,  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  assume 
the  vulgar  dialect,  she  resembled  a  drowned  rat.  About  ten 
we  arrived  in  this  woful  pickle  at  Crocker's,  where  we  dried 
our  clothes  with  the  assistance  of  a  large  fire.  I  suffered  great 
anxiety  on  account  of  Mrs.  Bailey  and  the  children,  who  did 
not  appear  till  after  twelve,  but  they  had  found  means  to  defend 
themselves  with  blankets  from  the  violence  of  the  weather. 
We  presently  discovered  that  Mrs.  Crocker  was  a  right  notable 
woman,  and,  as  she  claimed  some  distant  cousinship  with  me, 
she  was  very  attentive  and  bustling  to  accommodate  us. 
After  a  sociable  dinner  we  parted  with  two  more  of  our 
Cornwaliikin  attendants,  and  the  weather  being  fine  and 
pleasant,  proceeded  on  our  journey. 

At  the  distance  of  a  mile  we  passed  by  a  very  elegant  plan 
tation,  which  suddenly  rose  upon  us  amidst  the  barren  wilds. 
A  commodious  dwelling  stood  on  the  northern  side  of  the 
road  furnished  with  extensive  fields,  on  the  south  was  a  large 
orchard  upon  a  gentle  declivity,  sloping  towards  Annapolis 
river,  which  winded  in  a  slow  current  through  beautiful 
meadows,  forming  a  pretty,  romantic  island  on  the  western 
limits  of  the  prospect.  Beyond  the  river  through  avenues 
which  opened  among  groves  of  tall  trees  we  discovered  several 
habitations  with  adjacent  farms.  The  excessive  rains  had 
swollen  every  inconsiderable  stream  almost  to  the  magnitude 
of  a  river,  but  such  was  the  nature  of  the  soil  that  the  roads 
became  dry  the  moment  the  sun  recovered  its  wonted  splendour. 


188  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    O'R,         [1782. 

We  jogged  on  this  afternoon  about  ten  miles  without  any 
accident  worth  recording,  when  we  met  a  couple  of  gentlemen 
on  horseback.  The  eldest  appeared  between  forty-five  and 
fifty,  and  immediately  accosted  us  with  the  most  solemn 
formality  in  the  following  words:  '  Pray  inform  me  whether 
the  Reverend  Mr.  Bailey,  the  Society's  Missionary  for  Annapolis 
and  Granville,  is  in  this  company?'  This  address  was  deliv 
ered  in  a  slow,  moderate  and  calm  tone  of  voice,  and  when 
he  received  a  reply  in  the  affirmative,  he  lifted  his  hat  with 
great  deliberation  from  his  head,  and  bowed  with  the  most 
inflexible  gravity.  I  take  notice  of  our  first  introduction  to 
the  presence  of  this  gentleman,  who  is  in  many  respects  a 
singular  and  romantic  character,  because  I  shall  have  frequent 
occasion  to  mention  him  in  my  future  communications.  I 
have  particular  reasons  for  concealing  his  name  at  present, 
and  shall  only  remark  that  he  is  a  New  England  man,  a  sturdy 
loyalist,  and  a  recent  convert  to  the  Church.  We  were  soon 
overtaken  by  Mr.  Peter  Pineo,  who  invited  us  to  his  habitation, 
eighteen  miles  distant  from  Annapolis,  where  we  all  arrived 
in  good  spirits,  though  not  a  little  fatigued  with  our  journey, 
for  we  had  travelled,  with  all  our  baggage,  fifty-four  miles  in 
two  days.  We  found  Mr.  Pineo  very  friendly  and  obliging, 
and  however  he  may  be  esteemed  vain,  conceited  and  self- 
important,  yet  these  shades  in  his  character  are  without  any 
mixtures  of  ill  nature,  insolence,  or  severity,  but  rather  tinctured 
with  benevolence;  and  his  disposition  to  exalt  himself  is 
distinguished  by  acts  of  generosity  and  the  most  hospitable 
exertions.  The  next  morning  we  dismissed  our  carriages  and 
parted  with  the  remainder  of  our  Cornwallis  friends,  determin 
ing  to  repose  a  little  till  some  means  of  further  conveyance 
should  offer.  Mr.  Pineo  sent  an  invitation  to  Mr.  Morse,  the 
dissenting  teacher  of  Granville,  who  attended  with  his  lady  at 
dinner,  and  at  the  same  time  Mr.  Formality  made  his  appear 
ance  with  a  request  to  accompany  him  about  five  miles  to  his 
dwelling.  After  a  serious  consultation  it  was  agreed  that  I 
should  officiate  the  next  Sunday  at  the  meeting-house,  and 
upon  other  occasions  when  I  found  myself  disposed  to  perform 
service  at  Granville. 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  189 

An  epicure  might  amuse  you  with  an  account  of  the  splen 
did  entertainment  provided  upon  this  occasion,  but  it  is 
sufficient  to  observe  that  our  repast  was  highly  elegant  and 
luxurious.  As  the  new  convert  to  Episcopacy  and  Mr.  Morse 
were  of  course  at  bitter  enmity,  and  as  the  latter  is  not  very 
remarkable  for  wisdom  or  prudence,  we  had  some  difficulty 
to  divert  them  from  disagreeable  altercations.  But  whatever 
deficiencies  a  connoisseur  might  discover  in  the  disposition 
and  conduct  of  the  Parson,  I  am  certain  that  every  one  must 
admire  the  good  sense,  modesty  and  discretion  of  his  wife, 
especially  as  she  has  encountered  misfortunes  sufficient  to 
embitter  her  temper  and  to  render  her  gloomy  and  unsociable. 
The  next  morning,  it  being  the  fourth  day  of  our  journey,  my 
new  friend  attended  us  with  a  team  and  several  horses  to 
convey  both  our  persons  and  baggage  to  his  habitation.  The 
moment  we  had  prepared  for  our  departure  it  began  to  rain 
impetuously,  and  continued  without  intermission  till  six  in  the 
afternoon,  when  a  favourable  appearance  of  fair  weather 
enticed  us  abroad,  but  we  had  not  proceeded  a  mile  before  the 
clouds  began  to  discharge  their  liquid  treasures.  However, 

after  wading  through  water  and  mire  we  arrived  at  Mr. 's 

habitation  about  dark,  wet,  fatigued  and  chilly.  His  wife, 
sister  to  an  intimate  acquaintance  of  mine  in  New  England, 
received  us  like  a  silent,  kind-hearted  country-woman,  and 
with  her  daughters,  gave  us  all  the  friendly  assistance  in  her 
power,  while  the  husband,  standing  upright  in  the  middle  of 
the  room,  straight  as  the  pine  tree  of  Kennebeck,  welcomed 
us  to  his  apartments  in  a  set  and  ceremonious  speech,  delivered 
with  his  usual  gravity  and  deliberation. 

It  was  Saturday  evening,  about  nine,  when  we  disposed  of 
ourselves  in  the  habitation  of  Mr.  Formality.  After  tea  and 
prayers  we  were  conducted  into  the  best  apartment  for  repose, 
and  when  the  fifth  morning  of  our  migration  began  to  stain 
the  summits  of  the  mountains  we  arose,  and  conducted  as 
most  other  people  usually  do  on  such  occasions.  When  the 
time  of  Divine  Service  arrived  we  attended.  The  meeting 
house  was  commodious,  and  the  congregation  as  large  as  could 
be  expected  upon  so  little  notice.  The  Parson  and  his  Dea- 


190  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1782. 

cons  were  among  my  hearers,  and  we  had  several  New  Lights 
to  grace  the  audience.  The  remainder  of  the  day  was  spent 
in  agreeable  conversation  and  in  laying  the  plans  of  our  future 
operations.  On  the  sixth  day  we  took  a  breakfast  with  Mr. 
William  Clark,  one  of  my  Methodistical  parishioners,  and 
having  procured  horses  began  to  prepare  for  the  remainder  of 
our  journey,  being  now  about  fourteen  miles  from  the  town  of 
Annapolis.  With  considerable  fatigue,  some  danger,  and  a 
profusion  of  mud  we  crossed  the  river  and  landed  in  a  beauti 
ful  meadow  covered  with  tall  grass  and  bounded  with  a  rich 
woodland  pasture. 

We  passed  through  an  agreeable  variety  of  rural  scenes 
above  half  a  mile,  till  we  occupied  the  county  road.  About 
eleven  o'clock  we  arrived  at  the  dwelling  of  my  old  friend,  Mr. 
Bass,  brother  to  Parson  Bass,  of  Newbury.  Here  we  met  with 
a  cordial  reception,  and  had  a  very  good  dinner  in  the  primitive 
style. 

Figure  to  yourself  a  New  England  farmer  twenty  years  ago, 
about  ten  miles  distant  from  Boston,  able  with  his  own  industry 
to  make  a  comfortable  living,  besides  discharging  his  tax-bill, 
paying  the  midwife,  and  providing  a  plentiful  and  greasy 
dinner  on  Thanksgiving  sufficient  to  feast  an  hundred  plough 
men.  Produce  such  a  person  to  your  imagination,  and  you 
will  obtain  an  idea  of  Mr.  Bass,  with  this  exception,  that  he 
exceeds  any  one  you  ever  saw  of  the  above  description,  in 
loyalty  and  inflexible  honesty,  mingled  with  a  portion  of 
seemingly  accidental  wit,  which  he  scatters  abroad  in  his 
conversation.  I  had  forgot  to  inform  the  gentle  reader  that 
the  ceremonious  gentleman  waited  upon  us  with  great  formality 
to  the  royal  city.  When  we  departed  from  the  hospitable 
mansion  of  Mr.  Bass  this  was  the  form  of  our  procession:  our 
attendant  moved  forward,  pointing  out  the  way,  then  your 
humble  servant  and  his  little  son,  while  Madam,  John  and 
Becky  mounted  upon  the  back  of  another  horse,  conducted 
the  rear.  We  halted  in  our  march  at  the  house  of  one  Mr. 
Sanders,  about  five  miles  from  town ;  the  man,  a  strict  Church 
man,  and  a  great  friend  to  Government.  His  farm  lies  upon 
the  declivity  of  the  Southern  Mountains,  and  from  his  door 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  191 

you  command  a  very  grand  and  extensive  prospect.  One 
hour  and  a  quarter  more  concluded  our  tedious  journey.  It 
was  not  till  after  four  of  the  clock,  in  a  cool  and  most  delight 
ful  day,  when,  having  passed  through  a  gloomy  wood,  we 
suddenly  opened  upon  an  extensive  plain  overspread  with  the 
richest  verdure,  ornamented  with  little  groves,  and  beautified 
with  bunches  of  wild  roses,  which  scattered  their  delicious 
fragrance  through  the  air.  After  crossing  this  plain  the 
remainder  of  our  progress  for  the  space  of  a  mile  was  an  easy 
descent  towards  the  north-west,  both  sides  of  the  road  being 
adorned  with  little  fields,  gardens  and  orchards.  Upon  an 
obtuse  point  of  land  formed  by  the  bending  of  the  river,  the 
town  appeared,  rising  amidst  a  forest  of  fruit  trees,  while  the 
lofty  mountains  of  Granville  terminated  the  direct  view." 

In  a  few  weeks  after  this  removal,  a  son  of  Capt.  Mo  watt,* 
who  had  commanded  one  of  the  vessels  of  the  British  navy, 
arrived  at  Annapolis,  being  sent  to  Mr.  Bailey  to  be  educated. 

By  a  comparison  of  dates  it  would  appear  that  Mr.  Bailey 
arrived  at  Annapolis  August  1st,  1782. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  first  letter  which  he  wrote  to 
the  Society  after  his  arrival  in  this  place: — 

"  ANNAPOLIS,  OCT.  14, 1782. 
"  To  the  Secretary  of  the 

"  Society  for  Propagating-  the  Gospel,  SfC. 
"REV.  SIR: — Permit  me,  by  your  assistance,  to  present  the 
following  representations  to  the  Venerable  Society.  About 
three  months  ago  I  removed  with  my  family  from  Cornwallis, 
and  after  a  tedious  journey  of  five  days  arrived  at  Annapolis. 
Gratitude  obliges  me  to  announce  the  kind  and  friendly  treat 
ment  I  received  from  the  inhabitants  of  Cornwallis  during  the 
latter  part  of  my  residence  there.  They  not  only  expressed 
the  highest  regret  at  parting,  but  gave  convincing  evidence  of 
their  affection  and  esteem.  My  reception  both  here  and  at 
Granville  fully  answered  my  expectations,  but  the  principal 
persons  among  my  hearers  conceive  it  not  to  be  prudent  to 

*  See  Note  L. 


192  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1782. 

urge  a  subscription  at  present,  and  it  is  universally  agreed  that 
the  Mission  has  abundantly  suffered  for  want  of  a  resident  min 
ister.  It  is  uudoubtedly  owing  to  this  that  enthusiasm,  and  if 
possible  principles  of  a  more  pernicious  nature  have  made  such 
a  progress  in  these  parts.  I  have  the  satisfaction  however  to 
observe  that  the  New  England  Independents  are  much  better 
disposed  towards  the  Church  here  than  at  Cornwallis.  In 
confirmation  of  this  I  would  beg  leave  to  mention  that  yester 
day  I  officiated  in  a  meeting-house  at  thirteen  miles  distance 
from  the  town,  at  the  united  request  of  the  proprietors,  who  are 
all  Dissenters,  and  both  these  and  the  Presbyterians  of  Granville 
occasionally  attend  our  services,  though  they  have  preachers 
of  their  own.  The  little  town  of  Annapolis  contains  one 
hundred  and  twenty  persons,  all  except  four  or  five  of  the 
Church  of  England.  Several  other  families  of  the  same 
persuasion  reside  in  the  neighbourhood,  besides  a  considerable 
number  of  French  Roman  Catholics.  Granville,  it  is  computed, 
has  above  forty  families  of  our  communion.  To  prevent  any 
disagreeable  altercation  with  my  brethren  at  Halifax,  who  had 
unjustly  taken  offence  at  my  appointment,  Col.  Burbidge,  a 
man  of  an  exemplary  character  and  of  prime  influence  in  this 
Province,  waited  upon  the  Governor,  with  the  assistance  of 
my  worthy  friend  Dr.  Byles,  and  demanded  for  me  the  Chap- 
lainship  of  this  garrison,  but  Sir  Andrew  refused,  alleging  that 
Mr.  Weeks,  the  instant  he  knew  of  my  appointment,  applied 
to  him  and  obtained  it.  I  was  however  encouraged  by  the 
above  gentlemen  to  make  a  direct  application  by  letter  to  the 
Secretary,  who  seems  disposed  to  befriend  me.  But  the  arrival 
of  Governor  Parr,  before  my  letters  could  reach  Halifax,  must 
again  defeat  my  endeavors,  as  Mr.  Weeks  is  upon  the  spot  to 
renew  his  solicitations,  an  advantage  which  clergymen  who 
reside  in  the  Metropolis  must  always  have  over  their  brethren 
who  live  at  the  distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 
Annapolis  is  an  agreeable  situation,  but  I  am  certain  that  I 
cannot  procure  the  necessaries  of  life  for  my  family,  especially 
while  the  war  continues,  unless  I  can  be  indulged  with  the 
Chaplainship  of  the  garrison.  The  articles  of  house  rent, 
firing  and  bread,  amount  to  above  <£70,  and  though  I  had 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  193 

during  part  of  my  continuance  at  Cornwallis  the  Deputy  Chap- 
lainship  of  a  regiment,  and  three  rations  of  provisions,  of 
which  I  was  deprived  last  May,  yet  the  expenses  of  my 
removal  have  encroached  upon  my  salary.  In  a  word,  the 
importance  of  the  Mission  and  the  temper  of  the  people  are 
such  that  it  is  requisite  that  the  minister  should  be  able  to 
support  himself  with  decency  and  to  practice  hospitality. 
Suffer  me  to  solicit  the  influence  of  the  Society  in  this  matter, 
and  it  may  be  urged  in  my  favour  that  a  number  of  soldiers 
are  sent  to  reside  in  the  garrison,  which  must  of  necessity 
afford  some  additional  duty.  I  would  likewise  acquaint  the 
Society  that  the  school  at  Annapolis  has  been  supplied  for  a 
year  past  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow,  who  received  his  education 
at  Dartmouth  College,  and  who  was  expelled  from  New 
England  for  his  loyalty.  This  gentleman  may  be  recommended 
for  his  learning,  sobriety  and  good  morals,  to  the  Society's 
favour.  He  gives  universal  satisfaction  to  the  people  and  is 
greatly  beloved  by  the  children,  whom,  with  my  assistance,  he 
catechises  three  times  a  week.  We  humbly  request  that  the 
Society  would  admit  him  for  their  schoolmaster  arid  allow 
him  to  draw  for  the  usual  salary.  I  would  beg  leave  further 
to  state  that  either  there  never  was  any  library  given  to  this 
Mission,  or  the  heirs  of  Dr.  Wood  have  disposed  of  the  books. 
If  the  Society  can  favour  me  with  some,  and  send  a  number 
of  Prayer  Books,  and  pious  tracts  to  distribute  among  the 
young  people,  it  will  much  oblige  me." 

A  few'days  after  the  above  letter  was  written,  there  arrived 
at  Annapolis,  from  New  York,  nine  transports,  convoyed  by 
two  men-of-war.  These  transports  contained  five  hundred 
refugees,  persons  of  both  sexes  and  all  ages,  sent  by  the 
British  Government  into  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a 
letter  in  which  he  speaks  of  these  individuals:  "Every  habita 
tion  is  crowded,  and  many  are  unable  to  procure  any  lodgings. 
Many  of  these  distressed  people  left  large  possessions  in  the 
rebellious  colonies,  and  their  suffering  on  account  of  their 
loyalty,  and  their  present  uncertain  and  destitute  condition, 
render  them  very  affecting  objects  of  compassion."  He  says, 
in  another  letter:  "Many  of  them  are  people  of  fashion  from 
25 


194  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1783. 

every  Province  on  the  continent,  except  Georgia."  Mr.  Bailey 
says,  under  date  of  Oct.  27th:  "  I  have  been  busy  in  making 
a  refugee  sermon.  I  delivered  this  discourse  from  Psalm  cvii. 
2d  and  3d  verses,  to  a  very  respectable  audience.  Even  the 
Whigs  were  not  unmoved  at  the  representations  of  our 
distresses." 

The  following  is  Mr.  Bailey's  first  report  to  the  Venerable 
Society  of  the  condition  of  his  parish  in  the  spring  of 
1783  :— 

"  ANNAPOLIS,  April  30th,  1783. 
"  To  Rev.  Wm.  Morice,  Sfc.  tyc. 

"  REV'D   SIR: — After  presenting  my  hearty  thanks  in   the 
most  respectful  manner  to  the  Venerable  Society,  I  would  beg 
leave  to  inform  them  that  since  my  last  I  have  baptized  twen 
ty-five  persons,  buried  ten,  and  married  five  couples.     I  admin 
istered  the   Sacrament  on  Christmas  and  Easter,  but  as  the 
weather  on  both  days  was  extremely  unpropitious  for  travel 
ling,  I  had  only  twelve  communicants.     We  have  a  Church 
at  Annapolis  sixty  feet  long  and  forty  broad,  with  a  steeple 
and  bell,  but  as  the  outside  only  is  finished  we  cannot  yet 
meet  in  it.     However,  it  is  no  longer  exposed  to  be  destroyed 
by  the  enemy.     I  presume  the  people  will  clo  something  this 
summer  towards  completing  it.     About  fourteen  miles  from 
Annapolis  town,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  is  a  glebe  lot  of 
five  hundred  acres,  which  rents  for  £6  per  annum;  another  at 
Granville,  of  the  same  dimensions,  three  miles  from  Annapolis, 
is  worth  forty  shillings  a  year.     In  this  town  are  five  or  six 
little  tenements,  occupied  by  poor  people,  of  whom  I  can  at 
present  expect  to  receive  little  or  no  rent.     The  remainder  of 
the   parsonage  lot  here,  which   was  given  by   Queen  Anne, 
contains  about  an  acre,  which  I  have  enclosed  for  a  garden  at 
a  considerable  expense.     We  are  greatly  obliged  to  the  So 
ciety  for  their  assistance  with  regard  to  the  school,  but  as  Mr. 
Snow  has  procured  a  grant  of  land  he  has  resigned  the  school 
to  Mr.  John  McNamarra,  a  young  man  who  has  been  educated 
by  me,  and  during  the  course  of  nine  years  he  has  lived  in  my 
family,   and    shown   himself  to   be    a   person    of  remarkable 


1783.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  195 

sobriety  and  unshaken  integrity,  for  which  he  has  been  impris 
oned  and  cruelly  treated  while  we  continued  under  the  domin 
ion  of  Congress. 

"  I  have  not  yet  had  opportunity  to  make  any  motion  towards 
obtaining  subscriptions.  Ffty-two  families,  exclusive  of  refu 
gees,  by  a  written  paper  in  my  possession,  announce  them 
selves  of  the  Church  of  England,  none  of  whom  have  sub 
scribed  towards  my  support.  Some  of  them  are  sober,  well 
affected  people,  many  of  them  Methodists,  but  I  am  sorry  to 
observe  that  others  are  very  different  in  their  sentiments  from 
the  little  loyal  town  of  Annapolis.  The  number  of  my  parish 
ioners  will  probably  increase,  as  one  thousand  more  refugees 
are  daily  expected  ;  but  as  the  circumstances  of  those  unfortu 
nate  people  are  truly  wretched  and  deplorable  beyond  all  mod 
ern  example,  no  advantage  can  be  expected  from  them;  their 
necessities,  on  the  contrary,  must  demand  frequent  effusions  of 
pity  and  beneficence.  These  destitute  and  despised  wander 
ers,  instead  of  increasing  my  emoluments,  must  daily  make- 
demands  upon  my  compassion  and  charity." 

The  influx  of  loyalists  from  the  now  independent  Colonies 
continued  to  be  great.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  in  October:  "  Since 
the  commencement  of  this  week  there  have  arrived  at  Annap 
olis  five  ships,  eight  brigs,  and  four  sloops,  besides  schooners, 
with  near  a  thousand  people  from"  [New]  "  York.  They  must 
be  turned  on  shore  without  any  shelter  in  this  rugged  season." 
A  letter  written  a  month  later  than  the  foregoing  says:  "  Fif 
teen  hundred  fugitive  loyalists  are  just  landed  here  from" 
[New]  "  York  in  affecting  circumstances,  fatigued  with  a  long 
and  stormy  passage,  sickly,  and  destitute  of  shelter  from  the 
advances  of  winter,  which  are  now  commencing  in  all  their 
horrors.  For  six  months  past  these  wretched  outcasts  of 
America  and  Britain  have  been  landing  at  Annapolis,  and  va 
rious  other  parts  of  this  Province." 

To  another  friend  Mr.  Bailey  writes,  with  reference  to  this 
unhappy  class:  "  Several  hundreds  are  stowed  in  our  Church, 
and  larger  numbers  are  still  unprovided  for." 


196  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1763. 

"  ANNAPOLIS,  Nov.  6th,  1783. 
"  To  the  Rev.  Wm.  Morice,  D.  Z>.,  Secretary,  §c.  fyc. 

"  REV'D  SIR  : — Permit  me  to  lay  before  the  Venerable  Society 
the  present  State  of  this  Mission.  I  have  baptized  since  May 
last  twenty-four  infants  and  one  adult,  and  buried  ten  persons. 
I  officiate  at  Granville  once  a  month,  in  a  decent  place 
of  worship,  about  fourteen  miles  from  Annapolis.  The  Dis 
senters  are  much  upon  the  decline,  and  the  only  minister  they 
had  in  this  country,  not  being  able  to  find  a  support  among 
his  adherents,  has  disposed  of  his  interest,  and  is  about  to  re 
move  to  New  England.  Since  my  last,  of  August  15th,  above 
seventeen  hundred  persons  have  arrived  at  Annapolis,  besides 
the  fifty-seventh  regiment,  in  consequence  of  which  my  habita 
tion  is  crowded.  The  Church  has  been  fitted  for  the  reception 
of  several  hundreds,  and  multitudes  are  still  without  shelter  in 
this  rigorous  and  stormy  season.  Near  four  hundred  of  these 
miserable  exiles  have  perished  in  a  violent  storm,  and  I  am 
•persuaded  that  disease,  disappointment,  poverty,  and  chagrin, 
will  finish  the  course  of  many  more  before  the  return  of  an 
other  spring.  So  much  attention  is  required  in  settling  these 
strangers,  that  nothing  of  a  publick  nature  can  be  pursued  to 
effect. 

"This  country,  when  I  removed  to  Annapolis,  contained 
about  fifteen  hundred  souls,  including  French  Roman  Catho- 
licks.  Between  three  and  four  thousand  have  since  been 
added,  and  several  new  settlements  formed,  so  that  it  will  be 
impossible  for  one  minister  to  give  proper  attendance.  House 
rent  is  extravagantly  dear.  A  small  unfinished  apartment 
costs  three  dollars  per  week,  and  the  necessaries  of  life  increase 
in  proportion  to  our  numbers.  I  am  settling  seventeen  families 
upon  the  glebe  land  in  this  town,  which,  after  another  year, 
may  yield  from  twelve  to  fourteen  Pounds. 

"  The  Governor  has  not  yet  admitted  rne  to  the  Deputy  Chap- 
lainship,  notwithstanding  there  is  no  other  clergyman  to  dis 
charge  the  duties  of  that  place."  *  *  * 

The  following  was  addressed  to  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  D.  D., 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  and  is  dated  in  November 


1784.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  197 

of  this  year :  "  I  will  give  you  a  sketch  of  my  progress  in  farm 
ing.  The  best  house  in  Annapolis,  with  two  acres  of  garden 
and  orchard,  cost  me  £20.  I  expended  c£10  more  in  labour, 
exclusive  of  my  own.  Beside  supplying  three  families  in  six 
months  with  vegetables,  and  distributing  to  distressed  friends 
occasionally,  produce  for  winter  use  amounted  to  <£60,  one 
half  of  which  was  stole,  so  that  the  remainder  is  just  equal  to 
rent  and  expenses." 

From  Mr.  Bailey's  reports  to  the  Venerable  Society  in  the 
year  1784,  it  seems  that  "the  Court  House,  every  store  and 
private  building,  being  crowded  with  people,  he  had  been 
obliged  to  perform  Divine  Service  at  several  miles  distance,  or 
in  his  own  habitation." 

The  Church  at  Annapolis  was  opened  for  Divine  Service  for 
the  first  time  on  Easter  day  of  this  year.  Mr.  Bailey  says : 
"  Though  the  weather  was  wet  and  stormy,  we  had  a  large 
and  decent  congregation,  which,  encouraged  me  to  hope  that 
people  will  be  more  attentive  to  Public  Worship,  now  they 
have  a  room  to  assemble  in,  for  it  ought  to  be  remembered 
that  at  Annapolis  we  never  had  a  place  to  meet  in  sufficient 
to  contain  an  hundred  people,  for  which  reasons  multitudes 
were  under  the  necessity  of  absenting  themselves."  "  The 
Church,  when  finished,  will  contain  five  or  six  hundred  per 
sons,  and  the  new  settlers,  which  by  far  exceed  the  old,  are 
heartily  disposed  to  contribute  towards  its  completion."  In 
his  letter  sent  to  the  Society,  and  dated  October  28th,  1784, 
Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  inform  them  that 
at  Michaelmas  a  Vestry  of  the  most  respectable  characters 
were  chosen  according  to  the  institutions  of  this  Province,  that 
I  was  this  day  inducted  by  the  Wardens,  in  consequence  of  a 
mandate  of  the  Governor,  and  that  we  have  a  prospect  of  es 
tablishing  an  happy  agreement  between  the  old  inhabitants 
and  the  new,  and  of  pursuing  measures  for  the  finishing  of  the 
Church."  He  speaks  of  his  labours  in  catechising  the  children, 
and  the  very  favourable  results  he  had  witnessed.  Every  Wed 
nesday  was  devoted  to  this  exercise,  preceded  by  Divine  Ser 
vice,  at  Annapolis.  On  other  days  he  visited  the  more  distant 
settlement  for  the  same  purpose.  And  "  one  hundred  children, 


198  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1784. 

exclusive  of  those  in  Digby,  had  learnt  the  Church  Catechism, 
many  of  whom  were  the  posterity  of  rigid  Dissenters,  or  of  pa 
rents  destitute  of  any  religious  principles."  Mr.  Forman,  a 
refugee  and  an  half-pay  officer,  was  at  that  time  the  principal 
schoolmaster  at  Digby.  Lamenting  the  immorality  and  pro 
fligacy  that  prevailed,  arising  from  a  total  disuse  of  public 
worship,  "  he  assembled  his  pupils  on  Sundays,  performed 
Divine  Service,  and  read  a  sermon.  The  schoolmistresses 
quickly  joined  him  with  their  scholars,  and  in  a  few  weeks  he 
was  attended  by  a  crowded  audience,  and  a  visible  alteration 
in  the  conduct  of  the  inhabitants  ensued." 

Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  I  reckon  between  thirty  and  forty  com 
municants  at  Annapolis,  and  about  twenty  at  Granville,  but  I 
cannot  ascertain  the   number   at  other   settlements."     "  The 
Notitia  of  the  Parish  for  the  last  twelve  months  were  : — 
Baptisms,  26  Marriages,  25  Burials,  28 

57  20  do         2 

83  45  30 

The  following  are  extracts  from  a  letter  from  Rev.  Samuel 
Parker,  D.  D.,  Boston,  December  1st,  1784:— 

"  Your  letter  of  September  21st,  arrived  here  when  I  was 
absent  at  Philadelphia,  and  it  was  not  till  the  last  of  October 
it  came  to  my  hands.  Two  chests  belonging  to  you  had  pre 
viously  been  brought  up  from  Pownalborough,  with  verbal 
orders  to  deliver  them  to  me,  but  no  letter  to  acquaint  me 
what  their  contents  were,  or  what  I  was  to  do  with  them. 
*  *  As  you  express  a  desire  to  have  your  sermons  imme 
diately,  I  opened  the  chest  containing  the  papers,  and  find 
therein  a  parcel  of  papers  jumbled  together  in  as  great  confu 
sion  as  Chaos  itself  could  have  made,  and  the  chest  no  way 
secured.  Among  the  jumbled  heap  some  that  look  like  ser 
mons,  but  much  defaced,  torn,  and  abused,  were  discerned, 
and  I  have  picked  out  some  that  look  the  most  entire,  and 
packed  in  a  small  box,  which  I  commit  to  Mr.  Worcester's 
care.  *  *  The  contents  of  the  box  will  supply  your  present 
need  till  the  others  arrive.  I  had  a  good  mind  to  steal  some 
of  your  sermons,  but  found  upon  examination  that  I  could 


1784.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  199 

not  take  more  than  fifteen  minutes  to  deliver  them,  and  my 
people  always  expect  thirty  minutes,  and,  as  I  must  have  add 
ed  one  half  to  them,  1  thought  upon  the  whole  I  would  not  be 
guilty  of  a  theft,  which  would  turn  out  to  so  little  advantage. 
If  you  were  not  my  Senior,  I  should  take  it  upon  myself  to 
advise  you  to  expend  a  little  more  pains  in  writing  your  dis 
courses,  because,  when  you  are  old  you  may  be  obliged  to 
transcribe  for  the  purpose  of  reading  them.  And,  if  they  were 
preserved  with  a  little  more  care,  it  would  be  no  disadvantage. 
I  congratulate  you  on  your  Induction  as  Rector  of  St.  Luke's, 
and  hope  that  your  latter  days  will  be  more  easy  than  the 
former." 

The  correspondence  which  Mr.  Bailey  commenced  on  his 
first  removal  into  the  Province  with  Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  D.  D., 
in  London,  was  still  maintained,  and  in  the  autumn  of  this 
year  the  former  wrote  to  the  latter  the  following : — 

"  ANNAPOLIS   ROYAL,  Oct.  31st,  1784. 

"Rsv.  AND  DEAR  SIR: — The  long  expected  arrivals  from 
Britain  were  this  day  announced  at  Annapolis,  and  a  friendly 
letter  from  Mr.  Domette  came  into  my  hand  by  some  unknown 
conveyance.  But  I  am  not  indebted  to  your  munificence  for 
any  favours  of  that  nature.  Am  I  destined  to  wander  unno 
ticed  on  the  muddy  banks  of  Toowaubscot,  and  to  furnish  you 
with  future  anecdotes  of  Nova  Scotia,  unblessed  by  your 
ghostly  benediction  ?  In  a  word,  I  have  received  no  epistles 
from  you  since  the  beginning  of  last  March.  I  have  written 
in  the  interval  three  letters,  and  transmitted  a  large  packet, 
containing  a  description  of  this  Province  by  a  Dr.  Turnbull. 

"  Ministers  of  the  Church  of  England  have  resided  at  Annap 
olis,  with  a  few  interruptions,  for  near  seventy  years  past  with 
out  any  Wardens  or  Vestry.  But  on  Michaelmas,  the  day 
appointed  by  the  laws  of  this  Province,  I  was  fortunate 
enough  to  convene  a  respectable  number  of  parishioners,  when 
twelve  of  the  principal  inhabitants  were  chosen.  A  letter  of 
induction  was  immediately  procured  from  the  Governor,  and 
I  was  last  Wednesday  inducted  into  the  Church. 

"  I  am  confident  that  no  Missionary  in  America  has  so  diffi- 


200  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1784. 

cult  and  laborious  a  situation  as  mine.  Once  a  month  I  offi 
ciate  at  Granville,  about  fourteen  miles  from  my  habitation. 
To  effect  this  I  ride  about  twelve  miles  on  Saturday,  the  next 
day  proceed  about  two  miles  by  water,  and  frequently  have 
to  climb  the  banks  of  the  river  up  to  my  knees  in  mud.  Then, 
after  preaching  two  sermons,  catechising  the  children,  and 
baptizing  a  number  of  infants,  I  return  home  on  Sunday  eve 
ning  by  the  same  route.  My  congregation  at  this  place  is 
between  three  and  four  hundred.  I  have  made  a  voyage  to 
Digby,  about  twenty  miles  below  Annapolis,  where  I  officiated 
one  Sunday  and  baptized  a  number  of  children.  At  Annapo 
lis  I  perform  Divine  Service  on  Wednesday,  and  catechise  near 
eighty  children.  I  am  visiting  all  the  schools  in  the  country 
for  the  same  purpose,  and  am  frequently  obliged  to  ride  twenty 
miles,  besides  crossing  rivers,  to  perform  the  office  of  baptism. 
Besides,  a  regiment  of  soldiers  augment  my  duty,  and,  though 
I  am  not  favoured  with  the  emoluments  of  a  chaplain,  human 
ity  obliges  me  to  perform  the  whole  exercises  of  that  office, 
while  those  who  grow  opulent  by  these  appointments,  unat 
tended  either  with  labour  or  expense,  reproach  me  with  offi- 
ciousness,  ridicule  my  indigence,  and  pursue  me  with  the 
most  unabating  malice.  This  is  highly  provoking  to  a  feeling 
and  benevolent  mind.  I  cannot  determine  how  others  may 
act  in  this  situation,  but  I  cannot  endure  that  the  infant  of  a 
poor  soldier  should  remain  unbaptized,  that  his  children  or 
himself  should  be  excluded  from  instruction,  or  that  he  should 
be  committed  to  his  parent  dust  without  Christian  burial.  Is 
it  not  a  scandal  to  any  government,  or  rather  ecclesiastical  in 
stitution,  that  a  person  should  enjoy  the  profits  of  an  office 
without  performing  even  the  minutest  part  of  the  duty  ? 
Though  disappointed  in  my  expectations,  and  deprived  of  my 
just  perquisites,  yet  I  am  happy,  amidst  my  struggles,  to  sup 
port  an  increasing  family  with  decency,  and  in  having  no 
altercations  with  my  people.  It  is  true  that  they  are  a  collec 
tion  of  all  nations,  kindreds,  complexions  and  tongues,  assem 
bled  from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  and  till  lately  equally 
strangers  to  each  other.  This  circumstance  has  prevented  me 
from  receiving  any  support  from  the  people,  and,  in  fact  both 


1784.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  201 

the  original  inhabitants  and  the  new  imagined,  till  lately,  that 
I  not  only  enjoyed  the  perquisites  of  the  Garrison,  but  had  the 
same  salary  for  Granville  as  for  Annapolis.  The  Wardens 
and  Vestry,  however,  give  some  encouragement  to  expect 
their  assistance,  but  I  derive  small  expectations  from  persons 
engaged  in  expensive  buildings,  and  settling  themselves  in  a 
strange  country,  especially  as  the  finishing  of  the  church  de 
mands  their  immediate  and  liberal  contributions. 

"  Mr.  Wiswall*  paid  us  a  visit  not  long  ago,  with  his  wife 
and  her  youngest  daughter,  and  by  a  letter  just  received  from 
Cornwallis,  I  am  informed  that  he  is  settled  in  the  parsonage 
his  parishioners  have  erected  for  him.  The  parochial  duties 
of  this  gentleman  are  nothing  when  compared  with  mine. 
His  parishioners  are  few  in  number,  and  the  most  remote  are 
not  more  than  four  miles  from  his  habitation,  and,  if  I  remem 
ber  right,  he  neither  christens  nor  marries,  except  in  Church. 
*  *  *  I  have  received  several  epistles  during  the  summer 
past  from  my  worthy  friend  Mr.  Bass,  of  Newburyport,  who 
was  expelled  the  Society's  service  upon  the  testimony  of 
brother  Weeks.  He  wrote  to  that  gentleman  last  winter,  as 
follows : — 

"  '  SIR  : — I  learn  that  you  have  been  my  accuser  to  the  So 
ciety,  and  beg  it  as  a  favour,  that  you  would  let  me  know  the 
articles  of  the  charge  you   alledged  against  me,  and  the  evi 
dence  you  produced  in  support  of  these  allegations. 
Your  obedient  servant, 

EDWARD  BASS.' 
"  To  which  Mr.  Weeks  returned  this  answer: — 

"  '  REV'D  SIR  : — I  had  a  line  from  you  a  few  days  ago.  If 
you  think  so  meanly  of  me  as  that  I  should  turn  accuser,  or  so 
highly  of  me  as  that  I  should  have  more  credit  with  the  So 
ciety  than  yourself,  you  greatly  wrong  me.  I  assure  you  I 
am  not  admitted  to  any  of  their  secrets. 
I  am,  Sir, 

Your  humble  servant, 

J.   WINGATE  WEEKS.' 

*  Rev.  John  Wiswall,  formerly  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church  in  Falmouth,  now 
Portland,  Maine. 

26 


202  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1785. 

"  Mr.  Bass  intreats  that  this  letter  may  be  shown  to  Dr. 
Morice. 

"  I  understand  that  Parson  Walter  has  arrived  at  Halifax,  in 
the  quality  of  a  D.  D.  What  is  your  opinion  of  this  gentle 
man  ?  The  ladies  who  emigrated  from  York  to  Annapolis 
reprobate  him  as  a  fop  and  coxcomb,  and  affirm  that  his  whole 
attention  is  given  to  dress,  balls,  assemblies,  and  plays. 

"  But  it  is  the  fate  of  us  clergymen  to  be  censured.  If  we 
are  grave,  and  assume  a  little  dignity,  we  are  stiff,  formal,  and 
proud ;  if  we  are  free,  open,  and  sociable,  we  are  accused  of 
levity.  If  we,  or  our  families,  are  attentive  to  make  a  fashion 
able  appearance,  we  are  foppish,  extravagant,  and  slaves  to 
the  mode ;  if  careless  of  dress  we  are  slovens.  So  it  was  in 
ancient  days.  John,  the  son  of  Zacharias,  who  appeared  as 
unadorned  as  a  Micmac  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  who  rejected  the 
delicacies  of  appetite,  was  accused  of  holding  an  intimate 
correspondence  with  the  Devil.  While  his  Divine  Master, 
who  pursued  a  different  conduct,  was  blackened  as  a  glutton, 
a  guzzler  of  wine,  and  as  a  friend  to  harlots  and  Custom  House 
officers,  the  aversion  of  Jews  and  American  smugglers. 

"  November  ^th. — That  you  may  form  some  idea  of  my  pa 
rochial  situation  and  fatigues,  I  will  inform  you  that  I  was 
obliged  this  day  to  ride  twelve  miles  through  mire,  near  a  foot 
deep,  to  marry  a  couple.  But  when  I  arrived  at  the  destined 
spot,  behold,  there  was  no  boat  to  cross  the  river.  After  hold 
ing  a  conversation  a  few  minutes  from  the  opposite  banks, 
behold  Hymen  grew  angry,  the  lovers  were  greivously  disap 
pointed,  and  your  humble  servant  was  under  a  necessity  of 
returning  home  without  his  fee  through  the  same  muddy  road. 
Hark!  A  heavy  rapping  at  the  door!  'A  gentleman  and 
lady  want  to  speak  with  you.'  Let  them  walk  in.  The  same 
couple,  now  made  happy.  To-morrow  I  must  travel  the  same 
road  to  bury  a  Judge,  who  fell  a  sacrifice  to  all  powerful  rum, 
which  in  this  country,  like  death,  levels  all  distinctions." 

This  letter  brought  a  rather  painfully  characteristic  reply 
from  Dr.  Peters,  Pimlico,  February  22,  1785,  from  which  the 
following  is  extracted  : — 

"  Your  favour  of  Octob,  31,  1784,  reached  me  Jan'y  7th,  for 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  203 

which  I  thank  you,  although  you  must  have  some  villains  at 
Halifax,  who  intercept  my  letters,  which  have  been  two  for 
one  I  have  received  from  you.  This,  I  hope,  will  reach  you 
by  the  grace  of  Dr.  Seabury,  now  the  Right  Reverend  Father 
in  God,  by  Divine  permission  Bishop  of  Connecticut,  conse 
crated  by  the  Non-juring  Bishops  of  the  antient  and  primitive 
Church  of  Scotland,  who  lost  their  patrimony  and  church  tem 
poralities,  Anno  1688,  for  adhering  to  their  oaths  and  being 
loyal  to  James  II.  Such  honor  have  you  and  all  good  saints. 
"  The  Bishop  will  wait  on  you  and  give  you  his  benediction, 
of  more  value  than  mine  and  twenty-six  Right  Reverend  Lord 
Bishops.  His  certificate  will  be  of  great  service  to  you  at  St. 
Peter's  gate,  who  will  admit  you  at  sight  of  it  into  Heaven, 
without  touching  at  Purgatory,  because  you  have  resided 
in  Nova  Scotia  nine  years,  which  must  have  purged  and 
sweated  you  more  than  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  days 
could  have  done  in  the  Pope's  Prison.  *  *  *  Your  congre 
gation  seems  to  be  composed  of  Medes,  Parthians,  and  Cre 
tans.  One  has  told  me  that  you  let  out  lots  on  the  glebe  at 
£8  per  annum,  to  the  amount  of  <£800  per  annum.  The  So 
ciety  expect  that  Granville  should  handsomely  contribute  to 
your  support,  as  well  as  where  you  reside.  If  Granville  omit 
ted"  [to  do  this]  u  my  advice  is,  that  you  abide  wholly  at  An 
napolis.  Your  labours  are  truly  hard,  and  your  reward  is  in 
Heaven  along  with  our  curates  here,  who  bury  seven  in  a  day, 
christen  ten  to  fifteen  out  and  in  the  Church,  marry  from  three 
to  seven  couple  per  day,  visit  six  or  seven  persons  by  night 
and  by  day,  read  and  preach  three  times  on  each  Sunday,  and 
all  for  <£40  to  X45  per  annum.  *  *  Your  observations 
concerning  the  censure  of  the  world,  which  commonly  falls  on 
the  Clergy,  is  too  true.  A  clean,  fashionable  appearance  is 
part  of  virtue  and  part  of  Christianity.  A  clergyman  here  had 
better  be  guilty  of  grossly  immoral  and  scandalous  practices 
than  wear  a  dirty  shirt,  long  nails,  dirty  hands,  and  a  long 
beard ;  for  this  crime  alone  Mr.  Lyon,  on  Long  Island,  was 
dismissed  the  Society's  service.  I  have  laid  Mr.  Bass's  letter 
and  its  answer  before  the  Secretary.  The  ansiver  of  Mr. 
Weeks  is  mean  and  vile.  Mr.  Bass's  letters,  by  Mr.  Tracey, 


204  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1785. 

have  been  considered.  The  result  is  not  to  his  benefit.  Mr. 
Bass  was  ruined  here  by  people  of  his  own  Province  and  pro 
fession,  and  not  by  Dr.  Gardiner  or  Col.  Frye.  Mr.  Bass 
employed  as  his  advocate  Mr.  Hale,  and  such  as  bear  dubious 
characters,  and  never  vindicated  himself  in  proper  time.  I  am 
sorry  for  Mr.  Bass,  but  if  he  will  move  to  a  mission  in  Nova 
Scotia,  I  will  be  his  advocate,  and  will  succeed,  provided  it 
remains  a  secret  to  all  but  him,  you,  and 

Your  faithful 

S.  PETERS." 

To  this  letter  Mr.  Bailey  replied  as  follows : — 

"  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  April  29,  1785. 
«  To  the  Rev.  Mr.  Samuel  Peters, 

"  London,  Great  Britain. 

"DEAR  SIR: — I  have  in  possession  your  letter  of  February 
22d,  and  last  evening  I  waited  upon  the  Right  Reverend 
Father,  in  whose  presence  I  appeared  as  a  dwarf  alongside  of 
a  giant. 

"I  am  not  yet  sufficiently  acquainted  with  this  dignified 
character  to  venture  any  remarks. 

"  If  my  communications  are  not  so  frequent  as  yours,  they 
certainly  exceed  in  quantity  beyond  all  proportion.  I  observe 
with  extreme  concern  and  vexation  that  some  designing, 
malicious  and  lying  villain,  either  in  the  singular  or  plural 
number,  has  been  very  busy  in  contriving  to  injure  me  in  your 
opinion. 

"  As  to  the  affair  of  the  glebes,  I  will  give  you  an  exact 
account  of  the  matter.  There  is  in  Annapolis  town  an  acre 
and  a  quarter  of  land,  formerly  the  Romish  glebe,  but  after 
the  conquest,  confirmed  by  Queen  Anne  to  the  Church  of  Eng 
land.  Another  glebe  lies  at  fourteen  miles  distance  from  the 
town  which  has  rented  for  six  pounds;  a  third,  almost  contigu 
ous,  containing  two  hundred  and  eighty-eight  acres,  in  a 
wilderness  situation;  with  another  at  Granville.  These  lots 
together  rent  for  twenty-seven  pounds,  but  some  of  these 
tenants  are  unwilling  and  others  unable  to  pay,  and  I  have 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  205 

hitherto  received  more  trouble  in  settling  these  affairs  than 
profit.  And  I  am  informed  from  good  authority  that  Dr. 
Breynton  and  Mr.  Weeks  claim  the  glebe  in  Annapolis  as  a 
perquisite  to  the  garrison,  and  that  rents  for  double  the  sum 
of  the  others. 

"  I  must  acknowledge  that  I  received  an  anonymous  letter, 
with  reflections  equally  severe  and  untrue.  Your  comparison 
drawn  so  keenly  between  me  and  Mr.  Lyon,  excited  at  once 
my  resentment  and  curiosity,  and  knowing  that  several  Long 
Island  people  resided  in  this  town  I  immediately  repaired  to 
company  in  which  were  two  gentlemen  and  as  many  ladies  of 
the  most  unexceptionable  and  worthy  characters.  Without 
hinting  at  the  letter  I  had  received,  1  inquired  into  the  charac 
ter  of  Mr.  Lyon,  to  which  inquiry  was  returned  the  following 
answer:  '  That  they  were  intimately  acquainted  with  the  man 
and  his  circumstances;  that  he  was  a  gentleman  of  sense,  but 
illnatured  and  avaricious  to  a  supreme  degree.  The  former 
appeared  in  the  cruel  treatment  of  his  wife,  a  woman  of  the 
first  family  in  that  part  of  the  country,  and  in  his  repairing  to 
taverns.' an  other  places  of  public  resort  to  dispute,  wrangle 
and  fight  with  his  neighbours.  And  as  to  his  covetousness, 
though  he  possessed  an  ample  estate,  he  denied  himself  and 
family  necessary  food  and  clothing.  His  house  was  permitted 
to  tumble  into  ruins,  rather  than  anything  should  be  expended 
in  repairs,  and  his  children  for  the  same  reason  were  shame 
fully  neglected,  and  no  culture  afforded  either  to  their  bodies 
or  their  minds.'  And  though  the  removal  which  you  mention 
was  probably  the  consequence  of  his  sordid  avarice,  yet  the 
above  crimes,  my  informants  declare,  were  exhibited  in  a  formal 
complaint  by  his  wardens  and  principal  parishioners.  Now 
with  regard  to  severity,  a  covetous  disposition,  tavern  hunting 
and  drunkenness,  I  am  willing  to  stand  the  strictest  scrutiny 
of  my  most  malicious  enemies.  As  to  your  observations  on 
dress,  cleanliness,  &c.,  it  must  be  mortifying  to  the  last  degree, 
and  deeply  wound  the  sensibility  of  a  feeling  and  generous 
mind  to  be  under  a  necessity  of  exculpating  himself,  even  to 
his  dearest  friend,  or  of  touching  upon  so  delicate  a  subject. 
Every  one  of  our  acquaintance  will  acknowledge  that  in  dress 


206  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;   OR,          [1785. 

and  hospitality  we  exceed  our  circumstances.  Our  neice  and 
children  make  as  good  an  appearance  as  any  of  their  age,  and 
my  wife  would  be  offended  if  represented  deficient  in  point  of 
neatness  and  elegance. 

"  As  to  myself,  though  always  obliged  to  officiate  twice  and 
often  three  times  a  week,  besides  distant  excursions,  yet  I  never 
appear  without  shaving  and  clean  linen.  And  even  when  I 
am  going  to  catechise  the  children  I  seldom  or  never  omit  to 
wear  my  habit,  two  or  three  changes  of  which  I  have  in  good 
condition,  fitted  for  the  different  seasons.  It  is  true  that  when 
I  perform  at  Granville,  the  skirts  of  my  garments  are  frequently 
tinged  with  the  ooze  of  Toowaubscot,  and  my  shoes  disobliged 
by  the  mud,  but  my  face  and  hands  generally  escape  the 
contagion.  Perhaps  you  may  inquire:  'Why  do  you  dress 
before  you  arrive  at  Granville  ? '  Because  no  family  within 
miles  of  the  church  have  invited  me  to  the  freedom  of  their 
house,  and  my  friend  Bass,  who  lives  nearly  opposite,  gives 
me  a  most  hearty  welcome.  I  will  mention  another  circum 
stance.  Besides  shaving  myself  two  or  three  times  a  week,  I 
pay  a  barber  one  shilling  a  week  for  keeping  my  head  in 
proper  repair.  I  intreat  you  not  to  mistake  me.  I  acknowl 
edge  with  gratitude  your  kindness  and  friendship  in  giving  me 
these  hints. 

"  I  must  remark  upon  what  you  mention  respecting  Granville, 
that  I  have  received  very  ill  treatment  from  many  of  its 
inhabitants.  It  was  never  probable  that  I  should  please  some 
of  their  leading  men,  who  admired  Fisher,  a  professed  Socinian 
and  Republican.  However,  my  services,  though  I  officiate  but 
one  Sunday  in  a  month,  are  much  harder  than  at  Annapolis. 
I  am  frequently  called  upon  to  attend  funerals,  lectures  and 
christenings,  and  yet  have  never  received  anything  from  that 
people,  (one  person  excepted,)  by  way  of  subscription,  contri 
bution,  or  presents.  I  am  obliged  to  find  my  own  horse, 
attendants  and  ferriage.  One  man,  however,  has  lately  offered 
me  the  use  of  his  horse.  But  not  contented  with  this,  a 
number  both  of  the  old  and  new  inhabitants  assembled  in 
town  meeting,  and,  directly  contrary  to  the  standing  laws  of 
this  Province,  voted  to  take  away  from  me  the  glebe,  which  I 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  207 

had  rented  for  forty  shillings  sterling  per  annum,  though  it  had 
been  in  the  possession  of  the  Society's  Missionary  for  twenty 
years.  Their  pretence  is  that  I  am  minister  only  for  Annapo 
lis,  and  they  have  proceeded  to  rent  it  out  for  five  years.  I 
am  sensible  that  this  violent  and  illegal  measure  has  not  the 
approbation  of  the  major  part,  among  either  Church  people  or 
Dissenters.  Two  justices  of  each  profession  are  warm  in  my 
favour.  We  have  received  directions  from  my  worthy  friend 
Col.  Burbidge,  of  Cornwallis,  a  member  of  the  Society,  to 
bring  it  before  the  Supreme  Court,  and  our  wardens  are  deter 
mined  to  support  my  claim.  It  is  impossible  for  a  place  to 
be  more  divided  in  religious  sentiment  than  Granville.  I 
suppose  that  there  may  be  about  four  hundred  families  now, 
near  half  of  which  reckon  themselves  to  be  members  of  the 
Church  of  England,  though  subdivided  into  Deists,  Socinians, 
Methodists  and  Whitefieldites.  The  remainder  are  Lutherans, 
Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Seceders,  Congregationalists,  Ana 
baptists,  Quakers,  Everything-arians,  Mystics  and  New  Lights. 
A  number  of  illiterate  and  drunken  teachers  are  daily  following 
each  other  in  rapid  succession,  like  waves  of  the  Atlantic,  the 
last  of  which  always  eclipses  the  glory  of  his  predecessors. 

"  I  am  at  this  moment  informed  that  a  principal  gentleman  at 
Digby  is  assured  by  letters  from  London  that  the  Society  are 
determined  to  establish  a  Mission  there,  but  that  no  suitable 
person  has  yet  offered.  I  heartily  wish  that  our  friend  Bass, 
might  be  admitted,  since  I  am  persuaded  he  would  accept 
it  with  the  utmost  cheerfulness  and  gratitude." 

In  his  report  to  the  Society  sent  in  the  spring  of  this  year, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  he  had  "officiated  twice  every  Sunday  since 
his  last,  and  continued  to  perform  Divine  Service,  and  catechise 
the  children  on  Wednesdays,  without  a  single  exception."  * 
*  "  Baptisms,  since  October,  forty;  that  is,  thirty-seven  in 
fants  and  three  adults — one  negro  man;  a  gentleman  of 
distinction  near  sixty  years  of  age;  and  the  father  of  several 
children.  I  cannot  be  exact  as  to  the  number  of  communicants 
since  the  inhabitants  are  yet  unsettled,  two  persons,  however,  of 
advanced  age  were  admitted  at  Easter."  He  refers  to  the 


208  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1785. 

statement  that  he  had  rented  glebe  lands  to  the  amount  of 
£800  per  annum.  This  statement  had  first  been  communi 
cated  to  Mr.  Bailey  in  the  letter  of  Dr.  Peters  which  has  been 
quoted.  He  now  says  that  Bishop  Seabury  when  at  Annapolis 
informed  him  that  he  had  heard  a  like  report.  Mr.  Bailey  gives 
the  real  facts  in  the  case  in  nearly  the  same  language  in  which 
he  had  stated  them  in  his  letter  to  Dr.  Peters.  The  diversion 
of  the  glebe  lands  in  Cornwallis  to  the  use  of  the  poor,  and 
Mr.  Bailey's  action  in  consequence,  are  mentioned  as  in  the 
letter  named.  He  also  says  that  "  illiterate  preachers,  who  style 
themselves  Presbyters  of  the  American  Church,  have  been  for 
several  months  past  travelling  through  the  country,  preaching, 
administering  the  sacraments,  and  marrying  persons  they  have 
seduced.  Their  success  is  the  greater  because  they  profess  to 
adhere  to  the  liturgy  and  usages  of  the  Church  of  England." 
Mr.  Bailey's  report  to  the  Society  in  the  autumn  of  this 
year  is  as  follows : — 

"  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  OCT.  28,  1785. 
"  To  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morice,  Secretary  to  the  Society, 
"  Hatton  Garden,  London,  Great  Britain. 

"  REVEREND  SIR:- — Permit  me  to  address  the  Venerable 
Society  with  the  following  information. 

"  The  inhabitants  of  this  county,  consisting  of  various  nations 
and  characters,  are  more  settled  than  at  their  first  arrival.  A 
spirit  of  industry  prevails  among  the  emigrants,  and  finding 
that  winter  wheat  succeeds  beyond  expectation  upon  new 
lands,  they  are  making  rapid  improvements,  and,  of  course, 
that  dissipation  and  vicious  excess  which  was  contracted 
during  the  rage  of  civil  discord,  will,  it  is  hoped,  quickly 
expire.  Their  attention  to  religion,  order,  and  the  education 
of  children  increases,  and  the  happy  effects  of  instruction 
appear  where  regular  schools  are  supported,  especially  at 
Annapolis,  where  constant  attendance  is  given  for  their  im 
provement.  And  I  cannot  do  justice  to  Mr.  McNamarra, 
without  affirming  that  there  is  not  a  better  regulated  school  in 
America  than  his. 

"  Our  church  still  remains  unfinished,  as  the  ancient  inhabi- 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  209 

tants  and  the  new  settlers  cannot  yet  agree,  though  there  is 
some  prospect  that  their  disputes  may  have  a  favourable 
termination. 

"  The  Vestry  have  lately  given  me  twenty  cords  of  wood, 
the  first  donation,  either  public  or  private,  I  have  received  from 
the  people,  and  for  this  indulgence  I  am  chiefly  obliged  to  the 
late  comers.  The  old  inhabitants  in  general  are  very  unwilling 
to  contribute  towards  the  support  of  a  minister,  notwithstand 
ing,  it  must  be  confessed  that  their  ability  is  greater,  since 
they  have  enriched  themselves  by  selling  their  produce,  by 
no  means  at  a  moderate  price,  to  these  unfortunate  adven 
turers. 

"  My  Notitiais  as  follows,  since  the  beginning  of  May:  three 
new  communicants;  baptisms,  fifty-one;  burials,  exclusive  of 
the  garrison,  two;  marriages,  since  June,  only  one,  since  roving 
preachers  of  various  denominations  have  taken  the  liberty  to 
perform  this  important  rite  without  license  or  publication. 
And  though  prohibited  by  an  express  law  of  the  Province, 
under  a  penalty  of  fifty  pounds  for  every  offence,  yet  they 
pretend  that  the  Governor  has  given  them  permission.  As  I 
have  the  fullest  evidence  that  a  Mr.  Renkin,  whom  J  never  saw 
but  once,  has,  without  any  visible  inducement,  misrepresented 
my  affairs  to  the  Society,  I  would  humbly  request  their  atten 
tion  to  a  concise  representation  of  my  circumstances.  I  came 
to  this  Province  with  a  family,  destitute  of  money,  clothing 
and  furniture.  I  had  then  to  draw  upon  the  Society  for  two 
hundred  pounds  sterling,  near  half  of  which  I  had  the  misfor 
tune  to  lo^e  by  the  failure  of  a  merchant  in  whose  hands  it 
was  deposited.  At  Cornwallis,  it  being  a  country  town  and 
the  people  generous,  I  was  able  to  live  without  exceeding  my 
income.  But  when  I  arrived  at  Annapolis  I  found  it  impos 
sible  to  support  my  character  with  so  little  expense. 

"Dr.  Wood  had  lived  in  affluence  and  splendour,  and  it  was 
expected  that  I  should  make  the  same  appearance  upon  the  fifth 
part  of  his  emoluments,  the  extravagant  prices  of  necessaries 
considered.  About  three  months  after  my  settlement  here  the 
emigration  of  thousands  in  distress  commenced,  which  neces 
sarily  raised  in  proportion  every  article  of  subsistence,  except 
27 


210  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1786. 

pork  and  flour.  The  assistance  which  these  sufferers  demand 
ed  from  the  humane  by  no  means  tended  to  increase  my  per 
quisites. 

"  There  is  no  parsonage  house  in  the  Mission,  and  I  am 
obliged  to  pay  thirty  pounds  rent  for  my  present  habitation 
and  garden,  which  with  fuel,  horse-keeping  and  a  servant,  leave 
a  very  scanty  subsistence  for  my  family.  I  have  always 
indulged  expectations  of  receiving  some  emoluments  from  the 
garrison.  But  after  having  performed  the  duty  with  punctu 
ality  for  more  than  three  years,  I  have  reaped  no  advantage, 
and  the  gentleman  at  Halifax,  who  enjoys  the  profit,  has  never 
once  officiated  here,  nor  even  condescended  to  thank  me  for  my 
assistance,  and  he  even  pretends  that  the  glebe  at  Annapolis 
belongs  to  him  as  Chaplain." 

In  his  semi-annual  report  to  the  Society  in  May,  1786,  Mr. 
Bailev  gives  the  following  statistics  of  his  Mission  : — 

"  Baptisms  in  the  last  half  year :  32  infants,  8  adults,  (of 
which  four  were  black  persons,) — 40.  Burials  four,  two  whites 
and  two  blacks.  Three  new  communicants." 

The  affair  of  glebe  lands,  belonging  to  the  Mission,  is  again 
treated  at  considerable  length. 

In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters,  Mr.  Bailey  speaks  of  the  attem  ^' 
of  some  persons  in  the  town  of  Granville  to  divert  the  glebe 
lands  there  to  the  support  of  the  poor.  He  now  repeats  his 
account  of  that  transaction  and  says :  "  But  a  man  of  resolution 
appearing,  I  gave  him  a  lease  at  three  pounds  currency  per 
annum,  and  the  town  of  C4ranville  unanimously  refusing  to 
support  the  said  committee,  I  have  acquired  possession  without 
the  expense  of  a  law-suit."  *  "Upon  the  whole,  the 

present  income  of  the  glebes  is  as  follows : — 

Currency.  Sterling. 

Granville,  £300  £2140 

Annapolis  10    0    0  900 

Queen  Anne  20    6    0  18    4    6 


£33    6    0  £29  18    6 


1786.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  211 

11  Permit  me  once  more  to  repeat  that  it  still  remains  unde 
cided  whether  Queen  Anne's  glebe  belongs  to  the  Missionary, 
or  the  Deputy  Chaplain  of  the  garrison,  since  Dr.  Wood,  and 
others,  served  in  both  of  these  capacities.  The  records  of  An 
napolis,  if  any  were  kept,  wjth  the  plate  and  furniture  given  to 
the  Church  by  Queen  Anne  were  removed  to  Halifax  by  order 
of  Governor  Lawrence.  *  *  All  that  can  be  obtained  with 
regard  to  this  matter  is,  from  authentic  tradition,  that  this  land 
belonged,  before  the  conquest,  to  the  Romish  priest,  and  that 
Queen  Anne  assigned  it  to  the  Protestant  minister  of  the 
English  Church.  *  *  *  *  I  must  submit  to  the  pleasure 

o  l 

of  the  Society,  but  if  they  should  speedily  lessen  my  salary, 
it  will  greatly  distress  one  who  has  for  twenty-six  years  faith 
fully  served  them,  His  Majesty,  and  the  Church,  in  situations 
peculiarly  difficult  and  often  extremely  dangerous.  And  allow 
me  to  observe  that  the  other  Missionaries  whose  salaries  are 
curtailed  are  all  Chaplains  on  half  pay,  and  that  their  situa 
tions  are  less  expensive  than  mine;  for  the  garrison,  the  Courts 
of  Justice,  and  the  Packets  between  the  two  Provinces,  are  all 
circumstances  which  not  only  render  the  entertainment  of 
company  unavoidable,  but  in  so  small  a  town  as  Annapolis, 
raise  the  price  of  provisions." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  received  a  suggestion  from  a  friend  in  London 
that  his  stipend  from  the  Society  was  to  be  reduced.  This 
occasioned  the  observations  in  the  concluding  paragraph  of 
the  above  letter. 

The  next  communication  from  the  Secretary  confirmed  his 
fears.  From  its  date  it  could  not  have  been  received  when  Mr. 
Bailey  transmitted  the  above  quoted  half-yearly  report. 

Dr.  Morice  says,  in  his  letter :  "  The  Society  have  lowered 
your  salary  ten  pounds  a  year,  to  bring  it  more  upon  a  level 
with  the  salaries  of  their  other  Missionaries,  agreeably  to  the 
plan  which  they  adopted  last  year,  and  of  which  I  gave  you 
some  intimation  in  my  last  letter.  To  a  person  so  well 
esteemed  by  the  Society,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  assure  you, 
that  it  is  not  from  any  disapprobation  of  your  services  and 
conduct,  which,  they  wish  were  as  well  regarded  and  rewarded 
by  your  own  people.  This  diminution  of  the  Society's  bounty 


212  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1787. 

ought  to  be  an  incitement  to  your  congregation  to  do  more 
for  you,  and,  indeed,  to  fulfil  those  obligations  to  which  they 
are  bound  in  common  with  other  Missions. 

"  Mr.  Yiets,  of  Simsbury,  is  appointed  to  Digby,  and,  if  he 
is  not  yet  arrived,  I  would  recommend  him  to  your  notice  and 
assistance." 

In  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  the  Society,  dated  Nov.  6,  1786, 
occurs  the  following  passage :  "  I  have  given  constant  attention 
to  the  duties  of  my  Mission,  amidst  many  difficulties  and 
discouragements.  I  arn  happy,  however,  in  having  so  indus 
trious  and  good  a  neighbour,  as  the  Rev.  Mr.  Viets.  He  is 
very  acceptable  to  the  people  at  Digby  and  the  adjacent  set 
tlements.  Since  the  tenth  of  May  I  have  baptized  fifty-six 
persons,  four  of  whom  are  adults.  Burials,  only  four,  and 
for  three  years  past  the  proportion  of  the  former  to  the  latter 
has  been  nearly  as  twelve  to  one.  *  *  *  Although  I  sub 
mit  without  repining  to  the  decisions  of  the  Society,  the 
reduction  of  my  salary  has  greatly  embarrassed  me,  especially 
as  I  could  not,  with  the  utmost  prudence  and  economy,  avoid 
being  somewhat  involved  in  my  circumstances,  before  that 
event  took  place." 

"  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  Jan.  29,  1787. 

«  To  Mr.   T B . 

"*  *  I  presume  that  you  cannot  be  offended  at  my  applica 
tion  by .  If  you  fully  understood  my  necessities,  I  am  con 
fident  you  would,  if  possible,  afford  me  some  assistance.  Could 
I  have  supported  my  family  without  running  deeply  into  debt, 
T  would  never  have  troubled  you  with  any  solicitation.  But 
what  can  I  do,  unjustly  deprived  of  the  Chaplainship,  and 
curtailed  in  my  salary,  with  an  helpless  family,  in  a  very  expen 
sive  situation?  Indeed  it  is  with  the  utmost  difficulty  we  are 
able  to  procure  the  bare  necessaries  of  life.  We  are  obliged  to 
suffer  almost  the  same  excess  of  poverty  as  at  Kennebeck, 
during  the  day  of  rebellion.  But  this  is  nothing  in  compari 
son  with  the  expectation  of  processes  and  imprisonment,  which 
cannot  be  avoided,  unless  I  can  make  payment  within  three 
months,  circumstances  which  you  are  sensible,  must  ruin  a 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB     BAILEY.  213 

clergyman.  Two  things  I  must  present  to  your  recollection, 
that  half  of  my  salary,  which  is  but  <£110,  is  expended  for 
house  rent  and  fuel ;  and  secondly,  that  what  remains  in  your 
hands  was  saved  by  selling  our  furniture,  Mrs.  Bailey's  clothes, 
and  by  starvation.  God  knows  my  heart,  that  I  cannot  endure 
to  distress  any  of  my  fellow  creatures,  especially  an  old  friend, 
for  that  reason  I  neither  expect  nor  desire  that  you  should 
discharge  the  whole  at  one  payment." 

"  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  May  10th,  1787. 
"  To  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morice,  Secretary,  8fc.  fyc. 

"REV.  SIR: — Permit  me  to  inform  the  Venerable  Society, 
that  I  have  been  able  to  perform  the  duties  of  my  Mission 
since  my  last  with  some  degree  of  success;  that  people  are 
more  constant  than  formerly  in  their  attendance  upon  Public 
Worship;  that  the  Dissenters  are  so  reconciled  to  the  Church, 
that  they  frequently  invite  me  to  officiate  among  them,  and  to 
baptize  their  children;  that  there  is  no  Methodist  or  sectary 
teacher  in  the  county,  except  one  Ana-baptist  at  fourteen  miles 
distance;  that  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis  town  have  cheer 
fully  subscribed  to  give  me  twenty  Pounds  per  annum,  which 
is  as  much  as  they  are  able  at  present;  that  all  party  has  to 
appearance  subsided;  that  they  have  agreed  to  finish  the 
church,  and  have  raised  one  hundred  and  fifty  Pounds  for  that 
purpose  ;  and  that  as  no  person  or  party  appears  to  be  unfriend 
ly,  I  have  a  more  pleasing  prospect  of  doing  service  than  in 
any  former  period.  As  many  people  have  removed  from  the 
several  towns  in  this  county  upon  their  farms,  Annapolis  at 
present  contains  only  forty  families,  including  negroes ;  few  of 
them  are  in  affluent  circumstances,  and  many  are  very  poor, 
but  I  reckon  five  times  as  many  in  the  county  under  my  care, 
which  cannot  properly  be  discharged  without  much  expense 
and  fatigue. 

"Baptisms,  forty.  Deaths,  thirty;  three  or  four  of  whom 
died  of  age  and  sickness,  the  remainder  were  drowned,  or 
perished  by  the  severity  of  the  weather,  or  want  of  proper 
food." 


214  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1787. 

"  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  May  llth,  1787. 
"  To  Dr.  S.  Peters,  Pimlico,  London. 

"DEAR  SIR: — I  am  at  this  moment  favoured  with  your  letter 
of  February  last,  and  heartily  thank  you  for  that  kind  atten 
tion  which  you  have  paid  to  Mr.  McNamarra.  I  should  never 
have  troubled  you  had  not  his  conduct  recommended  him  to 
every  worthy  loyalist.  As  to  your  information  and  advice  I 
receive  it  with  gratitude.  I  have  ever  regarded  you  with  the 
warmest  sentiments  of  affection  and  esteem,  and,  I  flatter 
myself  that  kindness  must  have  dictated  you  to  address  me 
again  upon  so  disagreeable  a  subject.  But  I  assure  you,  upon 
the  word  of  an  honest  man,  that  I  never  go  abroad  without 
taking  particular  care  to  appear  in  character,  except  when  busy 
in  my  garden,  and  this  both  my  health  and  the  necessities  of 
my  family  require.  Indeed,  there  is  no  person  here  above  this 
employment.  But  I  find  that  you  have  no  idea  of  travelling 
in  a  new  country.  It  cannot  be  expected  that  a  Missionary 
on  duty  in  remote  corners  should  appear  as  sleek  and  hand 
some  as  a  London  deacon  fresh  from  a  barber's  shop. 

"  '  If  you  reflect  that  we  are  liable  to  be  called,  upon  a  sudden 
emergency,  in  all  weathers,  to  distant  excursions,  where  our 
progress  must  be  continued,  partly  on  foot,  partly  on  horse 
back,  by  land  and  by  water,  through  deep  morasses,  muddy 
roads,  and  unbroken  forests,  you  cannot  wonder  that  we 
sometimes  exhibit  a  tragic-comic  appearance. 

" '  Several  times  in  the  year  past  I  have  been  exp'osed  in  this 
manner,  amidst  violent  storms  of  rain,  mire  to  my  horse's  belly, 
wet  to  my  skin,  and  my  clothes  rent  in  climbing  over  wind 
falls  ;  and  in  this  pickle  to  perform  the  service  I  went  upon 
and  then  to  return  in  the  same  shattered  condition.  You  are 
sensible  that  should  a  clergyman  adjourn  a  sermon,  a  wedding, 
or  funeral,  or  a  christening,  or  the  visiting  of  a  sick  or  dying 
person  till  fine  weather,  as  other  gentlemen  may  do,  who  only 
travel  for  pleasure,  it  would  still  be  more  criminal.  I  will  give 
you  an  extract  from  my  Journal  to  the  present  purpose. 

" '  November  15^/i.  After  a  severe  frosty  night  we  set  forward, 
being  four  in  company,  for  a  wedding,  to  Clement's,  about 
fourteen  miles  below  Annapolis. 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  215 

"*  In  the  second  mile  we  crossed  Allan's  River,  a  rapid,  rocky 
stream,  where  we  were  finely  bespattered.  Our  progress  for 
several  miles  lay  through  horrid  broken  roads,  so  encumbered 
with  rocks,  holes  and  gullies,  roots  of  trees,  and  windfalls,  and 
sloughs,  that  the  passage  was  extremely  difficult  and  danger 
ous.  We  were  frequently  obliged  to  dismount  and  lead  our 
horses,  wallowing  knee-deep,  through  the  mire.  The  last  six 
miles  conducted  us  over  hanging  precipices,  woody  promon 
tories,  and  three  stony  beaches,  full  of  honey  pots.  We  crossed 
Moose  River  at  a  critical  moment,  as  the  tide  was  running  in 
with  rapidity.  A  little  before  sunset  we  arrived  at  Mr.  Jones's, 
a  log  house,  with  two  small  apartments,  where  I  united  in 
matrimony  Sheepy  Spur  and  Alicia  Van  Voorhies,  the  bride 
very  pretty. 

"  '  The  house  being  crowded  with  people,  Capt,  Ditmarsh,  the 
bride's  grandfather,  invited  me  to  sleep  at  his  house.  A  little 
before  dark  we  set  forward,  and  having  walked  above  a  mile, 
we  came  to  a  river,  where,  after  wading  into  the  water  over 
our  knees,  we  were  under  the  necessity  of  returning  in  a  dis 
mal,  dark  and  cloudy  evening,  along  the  ragged  banks  of  a 
rocky  beach,  every  moment  in  danger  of  breaking  our  legs, 
and  of  having  our  eyes  scratched  out  against  the  branches  of 
trees  which  had  fallen  over  the  bank.  We  at  length  recovered 
the  house,  where  musick  and  dancing  continued  till  after  sun- 
rising.  About  nine  we  began  to  return  towards  Annapolis, 
but  we  had  no  sooner  crossed  Moose  River,  than  a  cold,  disa 
greeable  storm  of  wind  and  rain  commenced,  which  quickly 
rendered  these  new  roads  intolerable.  Mrs.  Spur  was  thrown 
from  her  horse,  but  her  husband,  catching  her  in  his  arms, 
prevented  her  from  receiving  any  harm.  , 

"  <  She  was  however  so  wet  and  fatigued  that  we  were  obliged 
to  leave  her  behind.  By  twelve  we  were  compleatly  soaked  to 
our  skins,  and,  by  the  plunging  of  our  horses,  were  covered 
with  mud  from  the  soles  of  our  shoes  to  the  crown  of  our  hats. 
Before  dark  I  reached  my  habitation  in  woful  plight.' 

"  Memorandum.  Received  half  a  dollar  fee,  as  a  reward  for 
my  journey,  expense,  trouble,  wear  and  tear,  and  in  consequence 
of  this  soaking  I  was  afflicted  with  the  rheumatism  through 
the  winter,  though  I  never  omitted  duty. 


216  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,  [1787. 

"As  to  Annapolis  town,  upon  my  arrival  it*  contained  eight 
een  families,  at  present  forty-five,  only  four  or  five  of  which, 
either  by  fortune  or  education,  have  any  pretensions  to  polite 
ness,  and  these  are  all  very  friendly.  One  has  exerted  himself 
to  procure  subscriptions,  and  another,  acknowledged  to  be  the 
politest  man  in  the  county,  has  subscribed  to  give  five  Pounds 
yearly.  The  other  families  are  tavern  keepers,  disbanded 
sergeants,  Scotch  pedlars,  mechanicks,  farmers  and  negroes. 

"Some  are  transformed  into  shopkeepers,  and  others  remain 
very  indigent.  There  is  not  a  building  equal  to  the  houses  of 
middling  farmers  in  New  England.  It  is  from  a  regard  to 
truth,  and  not  from  any  disrespect  that  I  transmit  this  account, 
for  I  am  treated  civilly  by  all.  I  have  not,  to  my  knowledge, 
an  enemy  among  them,  and  they  have  readily  subscribed  to 
give  me  twenty  Pounds  per  annum,  which  is  as  much  as  they 
are  able.  It  is  payable  in  May,  and  most  of  them  have  already 
discharged  the  first  year,  and  the  fear  of  my  being  removed 
was  their  principal  inducement  to  subscribe. 

"But  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis  are  not  the  fifth  part  of 
my  parishioners,  as  will  sufficiently  appear  from  my  Notitia. 
They  are  chiefly  husbandmen  and  labourers  with  miserable 
habitations.  Many  families  are  confined  to  a  single  apartment, 
built  with  sods,  where  men,  women,  children,  pigs,  fowls,  fleas, 
bugs,  mosquitos,  and  other  domestic  insects,  mingle  in  society. 
No  less  than  forty  of  these  huts  exist  within  a  mile  and  a  half 
of  Annapolis  town.  In  some  of  these  wretched  hovels,  the 
politest  clergyman  in  Europe,  was  he  a  Missionary,  would  be 
constrained  to  enter,  to  eat,  and  perhaps  to  sleep,  or  else  to 
neglect  his  duty.  Brother  Viets,  when  he  has  compleated  his 
first  year,  will  doubtless  be  able  to  confirm  the  truth  of  this 
narrative.  In  a  new  country  poverty  increases  for  the  first 
seven  years,  but  after  ten  the  inhabitants  begin  to  revive  by 
degrees.  This  I  have  learned  from  former  experience.  I 
resided  almost  twenty  years  at  Kennebeck.  The  people  were 
miserable  enough  for  several  years,  but  before  the  rebellion 
commenced  the  country  was  finely  improved,  the  settlers  made 
a  decent  appearance,  and  Pownalborough  was  politer  than 
even  the  city  of  Annapolis,  and  my  congregation  there  rather 
exceeded  my  present  in  useful  knowledge  and  splendour. 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  217 

Permit  me  further  to  observe  that  Cisebeau  and  every  other 
settlement  have  the  advantage  of  Annapolis  in  people  of 
wealth,  consequence  and  politeness;  that  the  connections  I 
have  formed  among  the  inhabitants,  the  attention  I  have  paid 
to  their  children,  and  my  readiness  to  oblige  them  upon  all 
occasions,  cannot,  I  presume,  induce  them  to  wish  for  my 
removal;  that  I  have  been  regularly  inducted  into  the  Parish; 
that  nearly  one-half  of  the  town  are  my  tenants,  whose  interest 
would  be  affected  by  a  change;  that  I  have  been  a  long  time 
in  the  Society's  service  in  the  most  laborious  and  difficult 
situations;  that  I  have  endured  many  losses  and  sufferings  for 
my  steady  attachment  to  the  Church  and  Government;  that 
my  age  and  constitution  will  not  admit  of  any  new  harrass- 
ments;  that  I  have  a  large,  helpless  family,  who  depend  upon 
me  for  support;  that  though  I  am-  pretty  well  seasoned  to 
woods  and  bad  roads,  to  wet  weather  and  fresh  water  rivers, 
yet  I  cannot  endure  the  salt  water  without  cruel  sickness,  and 
was  I  removed  to  a  Mission  near  the  sea  I  could  not  possibly 
perform  the  duty;  that  I  have,  at  much  expense  and  opposition, 
procured  a  grant  of  two  hundred  acres,  two  miles  from  Annap 
olis,  this  I  am  improving  and  consider  the  last  resource  of  my 
family;  that  at  a  certain  time  removals  and  the  forming  of 
new  acquaintances  are  extremely  disagreeable,  and  that  the 
very  idea  of  such  migrations  is  sufficient  to  suppress  the 
industry  of  any  clergyman-  advanced  in  life,  to  discourage 
every  generous  effort,  and  effectually  to  prevent  his  being  use 
ful,  since  he  must  be  acquainted  with  the  temper  and  circum 
stances  of  his  people,  before  he  can  do  much  service  arnono1 
them. 

"  I  fully  approve  of  your  reflections  upon  the  revolution  Bish- ' 
ops,  and  at  the  same  time  conclude  that  they  and  their  abettors 
have  as  great  a  regard  for  the  Alcoran  as  the  New  Testament, 
according  to  which  all  rebellions  are  damnable,  especially  when 
the  most  damnable  methods  are  pursued  to  support  them. 

"  I  admire  Mr.  Waggoner's  spirit.     Forty  Pounds  could  not 
furnish  him  with  an  hovel,  fire,  and  potatoes. 

"  Brother  Viets  went  to   Connecticut  for  his  family  before 
Christmas,  and  is  expected  every  moment  to  return,  as  are 
28 


218  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1787. 

Clarke,  Scovil,  and  Andrews,  to  New  Brunswick.  When  they 
arrive  it  is  probable  that  we  shall  unite  in  giving  a  true  account 
of  the  country  and  our  situation,  and  to  acquaint  Dr.  Morice 
that  if  he  expects  the  Missionaries  should  make  a  decent  ap 
pearance,  they  must  have  a  decent  support.  And  though  I 
have  never  yet  worn  a  pair  of  leather  breeches,  yet,  if  this  cur 
tailing  business  proceeds  much  further,  we  shall  be  obliged  to 
cloath  ourselves,  like  the  ancient  worthies,  not  indeed  with 
sheep  skins  and  goat  skins,  but  with  the  hides  of  moose,  bears, 
and  wildcats. 

"  The  following  particulars  are  absolutely  necessary  for  a 
clergyman  in  Nova  Scotia : — 

"  1.  That  he  should  have  a  large,  decent  house,  well  furnished. 

"  2.  That  he  should  entertain  all  genteel  travellers  in  a  gen 
teel  manner. 

"  3.  That  he  should  feed  all  the  hungry  and  cloath  all  the 
naked  who  approach  him. 

"  4.  That  he  should  reform  all  disorders  in  his  parish  with 
out  any  authority,  or  the  least  support  of  the  civil  magistrate, 
or  encouragement  from  any  quarter. 

"5.  That  himself  and  family  should  be  elegantly  dressed, 
without  attempting  to  rival  people  of  fashion. 

"  6.  That  he  should  keep  servants,  horses,  carriages,  books, 
garden  seeds,  and  farming  utensils  in  the  best  order,  both  for 
his  own  and  every  body's  service. 

"  7.  He  must  never  be  weary,  lame,  or  sick. 

"  8.  He  must  fly,  when  requested,  to  the  remotest  limits  of 
his  Mission,  amidst  raging  elements,  and  that  without  dirting, 
wrinkling,  or  wearing  his  garments. 

"  9.  That  he  suffer  himself  to  be  cheated  in  every  bargain, 
for  which,  whether  he  be  silent  or  complains,  he  is  sure  to  be 
laughed  at. 

"  10.  That  it  is  criminal  either  to  be  prudent,  or  to  run  in 
debt. 

"As  to  a  Bishop,  I  can  only  sincerely  declare,  that  if  it  de 
pended  upon  me,  Dr.  Peters  should  be  the  man,  and  I  believe 
so  say  all  the  brethren.  *  *  Permit  me  to  insert  a  circum 
stance  omitted — at  this  season  of  the  year  you  cannot  enter 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  219 

a  mile  into  the  woods  without  being  covered  with  black  flies 
and  mosquitos." 

The  introduction  of  the  smallpox  into  Annapolis  Royal  in 
the  summer  of  this  year  caused  Mr.  Bailey  no  little  uneasiness. 
His  wife,  deciding  to  be  innoculated,  was  left  in  the  city,  while 
Mr.  Bailey  retired  into  a  distant  part  of  the  township  with  the 
children.  From  thence  he  wrote  to  Rev.  Roger  Viets,  the  So 
ciety's  Missionary  at  Digby.  He  says  :  "  Now,  Sir,  though  I 
am  attending  to  that  part  of  my  Mission,  which  I  have  perhaps 
too  much  neglected,  I  am  sensible  that  the  people  in  town  are 
uneasy  to  be  so  long  without  public  service,  and  would  be 
highly  pleased  with  a  visit  from  you  to  officiate  among  them, 
and  to  baptize  a  number  of  infants  born  during  my  absence. 
I  must  therefore  intreat  you  to  oblige  them  and  me  with  your 
friendly  labours.  *  *  I  cannot  think  that  this  forcing  a 
loathsome  and  dangerous  disorder  upon  our  neighbours  is 
agreeable  to  the  dictates  of  freedom,  religion,  or  humanity.  I 
am,  for  instance,  restrained  from  taking  it  from  a  principle  of 
conscience." 

In  1787  the  Rev.  Charles  Inglis,  D.  D.,  who  had  been  Rector 
of  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  from  1777  to  1783,  was  ap 
pointed  the  first  Bishop  of  all  the  British  North  American 
Colonies.  This  drew  from  Mr.  Bailey  a  letter  of  congratula 
tion  addressed  to  him,  and  dated  October  26th,  1787. 

The  usual  half-yearly  report  to  the  Society  P.  G.  is  as  fol 
lows  : — 

«  ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  Nov.  12th,  1787. 
"  To  the.  Rev.  Dr.  Morice, 

Secretary  to  the  Society,  London. 

"  REV.  SIR  :  —  Permit  me  to  inform  the  Venerable  Society, 
that  the  people  at  Annapolis  have  cheerfully  contributed  to 
wards  the  finishing  of  our  Church,  and  that  it  begins  to  make 
a  decent  appearance.  But  as  there  was  a  necessity  of  repair 
ing  it  from  the  foundation,  I  have  been  obliged  to  officiate  in 
the  Court  House  and  in  private  places  in  the  country,  by 
which  means  a  greater  number  of  all  denominations  have  been 


220  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1788. 

able  to  attend  Divine  Service.  Since  my  letter  of  May  last, 
Baptisms  have  amounted  to  sixty-one;  Marriages,  twenty 
couples  ;  Burials,  only  five.  As  this  exceeds,  in  proportion,  any 
former  Notitia  from  this  place,  it  is  an  argument  that  the  coun 
try  flourishes,  notwithstanding  several  families  have  emigrated 
to  the  States.  But  as  they  were  chiefly  indolent  people,  of  a 
restless  and  roving  disposition,  or  notorious  for  their  criminal 
conduct,  their  absence  can  hardly  be  perceived  in  any  religious 
assembly,  and  their  recess  may  be  regarded  as  a  fortunate 
event  to  a  rising  country.  A  tenant  on  the  glebe  having 
repeatedly  refused  either  to  take  a  lease,  or  to  pay  any  acknowl 
edgment,  I  found  it  necessary,  at  the  instance  of  the  Attorney- 
General,  to  bring  a  writ  of  ejectment.  I  have  long  since  dis 
persed  all  the  Catechisms  and  Prayer  Books  transmitted  by 
the  Society,  and  as  they  are  greatly  wanted  among  the  people, 
permit  me  to  solicit  a  supply." 

The  statistics  of  the  Mission  are  not  given  in  the  half-yearly 
report  to  the  Society  in  May.  That  letter  is  occupied  mainly 
in  a  statement  of  trouble  and  expense  to  which  Mr.  Bailey  had 
been  put  in  defending  the  glebe.  In  his  letter  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Society,  in  November  of  this  year,  he  informs  him  that 
he  had  "  been  successful  in  three  several  actions,  which,  it 
is  imagined,  will  sufficiently  prevent  any  further  litigation. 
Though  I  have"  [he  continues]  "  the  countenance  of  my  prin 
cipal  parishioners,  yet  I  am  constrained  to  bear  all  the  expense, 
except  the  assistance  I  received  from  one  generous  attorney, 
and,  as  I  am  indebted  to  a  wealthy  man,  who  stimulated  the 
tenants  to  this  contest,  I  am  now  exposed  to  his  disappointed 
malice. 

Baptisms,  since  May  last,     -  53 

Burials,  "  4 

Confirmed,        "  25 

"  Near  an  hundred  would  have  offered  themselves,  had  it 
not  been  for  the  following  unfortunate  circumstance :  the 
Bishop,  on  his  return  from  New  Brunswick,  had  agreed  to 
give  me  timely  notice.  He  arrived  at  Digby  on  Monday,  the 


1789.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  221 

25th  of  August,  and  wrote  me  that  he  intended  to  hold  con 
firmation  at  Annapolis  the  next  Sunday,  but  the  letter  was 
not  delivered  till  a  fortnight  after.  On  Saturday,  about  nine 
in  the  evening,  he  unexpectedly  arrived  at  Annapolis.  I  was 
then  gone  to  officiate  at  Granville.  I  received  a  message  the 
next  morning  to  return  immediately.  It  was  now  eight  o'clock 
and  I  had  twelve  miles  to  ride,  so  that  it  was  almost  time  to 
begin  service  before  I  could  see  the. Bishop,  but  as  he  had  ap 
pointed  the  days  for  confirmation  at  \7ilmot,  Cornwallis, 
Windsor,  &c.,  it  was  requisite  that  it  should  now  be  adminis 
tered  at  Annapolis.  As  service  was  expected  at  Granville,  it 
was  impossible  to  give  timely  information.  Thus  was  the 
Bishop  chagrined,  the  people  disappointed,  and  I  mortified  by 
the  carelessness  of  the  man  to  whom  the  letter  was  intrusted. 
I  had  taken  unwearied  pains  both  in  public  and  in  private  to 
explain  the  nature,  and  to  urge  the  necessity  of  confirmation, 
as  all  the  people,  except  a  few  Europeans,  were  wholly  unac 
quainted  with  this  institution." 

From  a  letter  from  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  D.  D.,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Boston,  dated  in  the  autumn  of  this  year,  the 
following  is  extracted: — 

"  Young  Gardiner*  read  the  service  at  Pownalborough  last 
winter  and  spring,  but  then  went  to  New  York  and  was 
ordained  by  Bishop  Provost,  and  had  an  invitation  to  a  parish, 
near  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  which  he  accepted,  and 
has  been  there  ever  since.  I  believe  there  is  no  service  in  any 
Episcopal  Church  below  Falmouth,  where  a  Mr.  Oxnard  is  a 
reader." 

In  writing  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  at  Newburyport,  March 
14th,  1789,  Mr.  Bailey  speaks  of  the  trouble  and  expense  to 
which  he  had  been  subjected  in  defending  the  glebe  lands. 
He  also  says:  "Pray  inform  my  kinsman  that  two  years  ago 
not  a  person  in  Annapolis  ventured  to  sing  in  public,  but  they 
have  now  attained  to  great  perfection.  The  best  families  have 


*  Rev.  J.  S.  J.  Gardiner  who  afterwards  succeeded  Dr.  Parker  as  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,  Mass. 


222  FRONTIER    MISSIONARY;    OR,        [1789. 

joined  to  encourage  it,  and  we  have  for  more  than  a  year  per 
formed  Psalmody  in  all  its  parts. 

"  For  your  amusement  I  have  enclosed  the  hymns  we  sang 
last  Easter  and  New  Year's  Day,  for  the  people  here  expect 
that  I  should  compose  hymns,  as  well  as  sermons  for  the 
holidays,  and  through  the  instigation  of  some  friends  I  have 
attempted  to  court  the  Muses  in  my  old  age,  upon  several 
subjects  by  way  of  satire,  as  the  character  of  your  demagogues, 
the  trimmer,  &c." 

"ANNAPOLIS  ROYAL,  May  25th,  1789. 
"  To  the  Rev.  Dr.  Morice, 

Secretary  to  the  Society,  London. 

"REV.  SIR: — I  would  beg  leave  to  inform  the  Venerable 
Society  that  St.  Luke's  Church  at  Annapolis  is  at  length  com- 
pleatly  finished,  in  consequence  of  which  my  congregation, 
exclusive  of  the  soldiers,  is  increased  to  twice  the  former 
number;  that  the  Dissenters  at  Granville  have  converted  their 
meeting-house  into  an  Episcopal  Church  of  England;  that  I 
have  received  an  application  from  the  people  of  Annapolis 
district,  and  officiate  in  their  meeting-house  one  Sunday  in 
six;  that  the  inhabitants  of  Clements  have  declared  for  the 
Church,  and  request  my  occasional  assistance,  till  they  shall 
be  happy  enough  to  obtain  a  minister.  I  cheerfully  comply 
with  these  various  requisitions,  but  find  that  these  distant 
excursions,  as  age  advances,  are  extremely  fatiguing.  And 
though  we  have  no  settled  society  in  this  county  to  oppose 
the  Church,  yet  a  succession  of  itinerant  preachers  from  the 
States  and  elsewhere,  create  great  confusion  among  the  lower 
people,  and  are  of  inconceivable  damage  to  a  new  country,  by 
drawing  multitudes  almost  every  day  in  the  week,  at  this  busy 
season,  to  attend  to  their  desultory  and  absurd  vociferations. 

"  These  preachers,  however,  agree  in  rejecting  the  literal 
sense  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  Christian  Ordinances. 
Their  dependance  is  upon  certain  violent  emotions,  and  they 
discourage  industry,  charity,  and  every  social  virtue,  affirming 
that  the  most  abandoned  sinners  are  nearer  to  the  King 
dom  of  Heaven  than  people  of  a  sober,  honest  and  religious 


1789.]  LIFE     OF     RET.     JACOB     BAILEY.  223 

deportment,  for  such,  they  alledge,  are  in  danger  of  depending 
upon  their  own  righteousness. 
"  Since  November  last : 

Baptisms,  39  infants  and  2  adults. 

4  new  Communicants. 

5  Burials. 
****** 

"  The  Bishop  in  March  last  desired  me  to  transmit  him  an 
account  of  my  expense  in  defence  of  the  glebes,  with  proper 
vouchers.  I  immediately  complied  with  his  requisition,  but 
fear  my  letter  could  not  reach  Halifax  before  his  embarkation 
for  Quebec.  I  must  therefore  beg  permission  to  repeat  the 
substance  of  my  communications  to  the  Bishop.  Besides  all 
the  trouble,  excursions,  neglect  of  domestic  concerns  and  abuse, 
I  was  obliged  to  give  three  lawyers  three  guineas  each,  and 
have  been  severely  harrassed  by  another  law  suit,  commenced 
in  revenge. 

"It  is  true  I  have  not  only  been  successful  in  all  these  dis 
putes,  but  am  happy  enough  to  effect  a  perfect  reconciliation 
with  all  my  opponents.  Myself  and  family  have  severely  felt 
the  consequences  of  this  litigation." 

The  letters  of  Mr.  Bailey  for  six  years,  i.  e.,  from  August 
1789  to  August  1795,  are  missing,  and  but  very  few  of  the 
letters  of  his  correspondents  have  come  into  the  hands  of  the 
compiler  of  this  narrative. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  communication  from 
Bishop  Inglis  to  Mr.  Bailey: — 

"HALIFAX,  DECEMBER  5,  1789. 

"  REVEREND  SIR: — I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  Notitia 
Parochialis^  inserted  in  your  letter  of  Nov.  17,  which  is  just 
come  to  hand.  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  find  that  your 
Mission  flourishes,  and  especially  that  so  many  children  and 
youth  attend  to  be  catechised.  My  greatest  hope  of  reforma 
tion  arises  from  them,  and  therefore  I  am  peculiarly  anxious 
that  the  Clergy  should  be  diligent  in  instructing  the  rising 
generation." 


224  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY  ;     OR,  [1794. 

From  the  printed  abstract  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Society 
P.  G.  in  1789,  it  seems  that  "  in  the  course  of  the  year  Mr. 
Bailey  had  baptized  91  infants,  and  4  adults;  married  12 
couple;  and  buried  9  persons."  It  is  a  circumstance  worthy 
of  record  in  the  Biography  of  a  Clergyman  connected  with 
the  Church  in  Nova  Scotia,  that  Sunday  Schools  were  estab 
lished  in  that  Province  as  early  at  least  as  this  year.  This 
fact  rests  on  the  authority  of  a  printed  sermon  of  Rev.  Roger 
Viets,  "preached  at  Digby,  in  Nova  Scotia,  April  19th,  1789,'' 
in  which  he  says:  "But  the  abuse  of  the  mornings,  noons,  and 
evenings  of  Lord's  days  is  in  part  obviated  by  the  late  excel 
lent  institution  of  Sunday  Schools,  for  the  establishment  and 
support  of  which  we  are  very  much  indebted  to  the  piety  and 
assiduity  of  our  worthy  Prelate,  who  is  never  weary  in  well 
doing." 

The  Rev.  Edward  Bass  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey  from  Newbury- 
port,  April  5,  1792.  He  says:  "Last  summer  we  had  a  high 
Sunday  here.  Bishop  Seabury  preached  in  our  Church  and 
confirmed  an  hundred  and  thirty  or  forty  persons.  Not  more 
than  half  the  people  who  came  to  church  could  get  in." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society  for  the  year  1793  contains  the 
following  reference  to  the  previous  year.  "  Mr.  Bailey,  the 
Missionary  at  Annapolis,  besides  the  regular  performance  of 
duty,  continues  to  instruct  in  the  catechism  30  children  every 
Wednesday,  and  as  many  in  the  country  every  Friday,  during 
the  summer  season.  His  last  Notitia  was,  Baptisms  36,  Mar 
riages  7,  Burials  2,  New  Communicants  2." 

On  the  20th  January,  1794,  Governor  John  Wentworth  noti 
fied  officially  the  agents  of  the  garrison  at  Annapolis  that  he 
had  appointed  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey  Deputy  Chaplain  of  that 
fortress,  the  appointment  to  commence  on  the  first  instant,  in 
the  place  of  Rev.  Joshua  Wingate  Weeks,  and  directed  said 
agents  to  account  with  Mr.  Bailey  for  the  subsistence  allowed 
by  government. 

By  this  order  justice  was  at  length  done  in  this  matter  to 
the  worthy  Rector  of  Annapolis.  During  many  years  Mr. 
Bailey  had  at  times  actually  suffered  from  the  want  of  the 
income  attached  to  the  office,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged, 


1794.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  225 

while  others  received  the  emoluments.  He  tried  all  proper 
means  to  obtain  his  just  rights,  and  his  letters  and  those  of 
some  of  his  correspondents  abound  with  passages  on  this 
subject,  some  of  which  have  been  inserted  in  this  Memoir. 

Mr.  Bailey  says,  June  21st,  1782:  "Dr.  Breynton,  on  my 
removal  to  Cornwallis,  offered  to  resign  his  Deputy  Chaplain- 
ship  of  the  84th  Regiment  in  my  favour."  This  arrangement, 
though  strongly  opposed  by  the  friends  of  Rev.  Mr.  Ellis,  was 
carried  into  effect.  Mr.  Bailey  discharged  the  duties  of  the 
office  to  the  garrison  at  Cornwallis.  In  December,  1780,  he 
received  X20  as  part  of  his  salary.  Shortly  after,  "Dr.  Breyn 
ton,"  says  Mr.  Bailey,  "  seized  the  fuel  and  ordered  the  Quarter 
Master  not  to  allow  me  any  perquisites  except  subsistence, 
about  two-fifths  of  the  whole." 

****** 

"  After  my  appointment  to  Annapolis  I  received  no  letter 
from  Dr.  Breynton  till  the  latter  end  of  June,  when  he  an 
nounced  that  he  took  the  84th  Regiment  into  his  own  hands, 
on  the  24th  of  the  previous  April,  thus  depriving  me  of  the 
stipend  from  the  1st  January  previous." 

Depending  upon  the  enjoyment  of  this  income  until  he 
should  be  settled  in  his  new  Parish,  Mr.  Bailey  incurred  debts 
to  enable  him  to  make  a  respectable  appearance  on  his  removal 
to  Annapolis.  The  disappointment  of  course  compelled  him 
to  devise,  if  possible,  some  way  of  liquidating  tHese  debts. 

The  Chaplainship  of  the  garrison  at  Annapolis,  however, 
had  been  held  by  the  former  Rector,  and  was  considered  as  his 
right.  This  was  simply  just,  because  this  clergyman  was 
called  upon  to  do  the  duties  of  his  office  in  the  fort. 

But  on  application,  by  one  of  the  principal  men  in  the 
Province,  to  the  Governor  in  Mr.  Bailey's  behalf,  the  Governor 
replied,  "that  the  Rev.  Mr.  Weeks,  the  instant  he  knew  of  Mr. 
Bailey's  appointment  as  Missionary  at  Annapolis,  applied  to 
him  for  the  Chaplaincy  and  obtained  it."  Nor  were  applica 
tions  to  a  succeeding  Governor  more  successful,  for  Mr.  Bailey 
says:  "The  Governor  of  this  Province  has  been  three  times 
directed  by  the  Society  P.  G.  to  give  me  the  Chaplainship  of 
29 


226  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1794. 

the  garrison  here,"  but  without  effect,  "  although  he  acknowl 
edges  in  his  letter  to  me  that  my  claim  is  indisputable." 

In  a  letter,  November  9,  1785,  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Dr.  Mather 
Byles  says:  "Your  letters  of  August  31,  and  November 
22d  are  safe  in  my  hands.  That  to  the  Archbishop  I  have 
enclosed  in  one  of  my  own,  from  which  I  have  transcribed 
the  following  paragraph  for  your  inspection :  '  I  enclose 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Bailey,  the  Missionary  at  Annapolis,  who 
cannot  yet  obtain  the  deputation  to  that  garrison.  Mr. 
Weeks,  who  resides  at  Halifax,  still  enjoys  that  salary  which 
belongs  to  the  acting  Chaplain  of  Annapolis;  and  which,  as 
Mr.  Neyle,  the  commissioned  Chaplain,  is  settled  in  Eng 
land,  has  for  many  years  been  justly  esteemed  as  naturally 
and  inseparably  connected  with  that  Mission.  In  return  for 
this  exertion  of  Dr.  Breynton's  influence  with  the  Governor, 
Mr.  Weeks  has  long  officiated  as  the  Doctor's  Curate,  without 
putting  him  to  the  smallest  expense,  and,  even  during  his 
absence  at  this  time,  receiving  no  other  reward,  unless  it  be 
the  precarious  surplice  fees  of  the  Parish.  So  that,  as  the. 
matter  now  stands,  a  Curate  is  actually  supported  for  Dr. 
Breynton  by  money,  which  is  the  equitable  property  of  Mr. 
Bailey.  This,  Sir,  is  the  exact  fact,  fairly  stated,  and  such  a 
partial  arrangement  must  be  highly  displeasing  to  your  Grace. 
I  make  no  apology  for  afresh  recommending  Mr.  Bailey,  as  an 
oppressed  man,  to  your  powerful  protection.'  " 

Nearly  two  years  after  this  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  Dr. 
Peters  in  London :  "  I  have  heretofore  informed  you  that  I 
served  almost  two  years  the  fifty-seventh  regiment  as  Deputy 
Chaplain,  without  receiving  the  least  advantage,  the  reason  of 
which  now  appears.  Mr.  Weeks,  not  contented  that  I  should 
perform  the  duty  of  Chaplain  to  the  garrison  for  nothing,  with 
the  Chaplainship  of  this  garrison  must  have  the  above  regi 
ment  likewise;  and  that  they  might  compel  me  to  perform  the 
duty  of  both,  they  procured  my  name  to  be  inserted  in  the 
military  returns." 

The  subject  of  our  Memoir  received  from  the  Society  £50 
sterling,  which  was  afterwards  reduced  to  X40,  and  from  the 


1795.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  227 

Board  of  Trade  £70,  in  all  £110.  This  was  afterwards  some 
what  increased  by  income  from  glebe  funds  and  a  subscription 
of  the  Parishioners  of  £20.  He  says  that  his  "predecessor, 
when  articles  of  living  were  less  than  half  the  present  price, 
had  £320  sterling  per  annum."  At  that  time  the  duties  of 
Annapolis  Parish  must  have  been  much  less  laborious  than 
they  were  after  Mr.  Bailey  had  taken  the  charge. 

For  reaspns  before  stated,  the  expenses  of  living  were  large. 
Perhaps,  however,  the  Missionary  there  might  have  succeeded 
in  making  the  annual  expenses  of  his  growing  family  fall 
within  his  scanty  income.  But  a  debt  of  some  £50,  incurred 
at  the  time  of  his  removal  from  Cornwallis,  and  which  he 
intended  to  pay  from  the  salary  of  the  Deputy  Chaplainship 
of  the  84th  Regiment,  hung  over  him.  His  creditor  pressed 
him  for  payment;  he  threatened,  if  he  did  not  commence  a 
suit,  and  Mr.  Bailey  was  obliged  to  withdraw  £10,  at  intervals, 
from  his  inadequate  salary,  in  order  gradually  to  extinguish  it. 
His  letters  show  how  sorely  this  circumstance  distressed  him. 

At  length,  after  twelve  years  delay,  Governor  John  Went- 
worth,  who  was  his  classmate  in  college,  was  enabled,  by  an 
act  of  simple  justice,  to  do  him  an  essential  service  in  conferring 
upon  him  the  income  of  an  office  whose  duties  he  had  for  so 
long  a  time  discharged. 

The  following  is  part  of  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  the  Society : 
"  Dec'r  15th,  1795.     Permit  me  to  present  the  Venerable  So 
ciety  with  my  Notitia  for  the  year  past,  as  I  am  uncertain 
whether  my  letter  of  June  last  has  been  safely  transmitted : — 
Baptisms,  thirty-eight ;   Marriages,  six  couples ; 
Burials  six;  New  Communicants,  eleven. 

*  *  *  *  "  We  have  been  able  for  several  months  past  to 
assemble  in  the  new  church  at  Clements.  It  is  a  very  neat 
and  decent  building,  fifty-two  feet  by  thirty-four,  with  a  gal 
lery  and  steeple.  It  is  but  justice  to  mention  the  very  liberal 
exertions  of  Capt.  Ditmarsh  and  Mr.  Palamus  towards  com 
pleting  this  church." 

Mr.  John  McNamarra,  who  had  been  brought  up  by  Mr. 
Bailey  from  a  boy,  and  had  attained  to  positions  of  usefulness 
and  respectability,  died  in  1798.  Bishop  Inglis,  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 


228  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,         [1808. 

Bailey,  notices  this  event :  "  I  very  sincerely  regret  the  death 
of  Mr.  McNamarra,  who  was  a  very  worthy,  useful  man.  In 
him  the  community  has  sustained  a  considerable  loss." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  written  to  Bishop  Inglis,  giving  an  account  of 
the  disorderly  proceedings  of  certain  fanatics  in  and  near  An 
napolis.  The  Bishop  replied  at  some  length  in  a  letter  marked 
by  sound  Christian  counsel.  In  the  course  of  it  he  says  :  "  The 
fanaticism  in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  was  one  principal  cause 
of  the  dissoluteness  that  prevailed  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.; 
and  from  which  the  nation  has  not  yet  perfectly  recovered. 
*  *  In  the  year  1791  the  New  Lights  made  a  prodigious 
stir,  so  that  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  advert  to  them  in  the 
charge  that  I  delivered  at  my  Triennial  Visitation  that  year. 
If  you  have  that  charge,  you  can  see  in  it  my  sentiments  on 
those  points  where  they  appear  to  be  most  irregular  and  vul 
nerable." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society  for  1800  contains  no  report 
from  Mr.  Bailey,  but  speaks  at  length  of  "  an  enthusiastic  and 
dangerous  spirit  among  a  sect  in  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
called  New  Lights.  *  *  They  have  been  more  particularly 
troublesome  in  the  parts  about  Annapolis,  Granville,  Wilmot, 
and  Aylesford." 

The  Abstract  for  the  next  year  states  that  "  Mr.  Bailey  had 
baptized  during  the  year,  45  ;  married,  3  ;  buried,  3.  Four  had 
been  added  to  the  Communion.  He  requests  some  prayer 
books  and  religious  tracts,  which  the  Society  have  sent  him." 

In  1806  it  is  stated  in  the  Abstract,  that  "  Mr.  Bailey,  the 
Missionary  at  Annapolis,  has  acquainted  the  Society,  that, 
notwithstanding  his  advanced  age,  he  has  been  able  to  per 
form  Divine  Service  every  Sunday,  besides  doing  duty  at  the 
Garrison,  and  occasionally  visiting  Clements.  His  Baptisms 
for  the  year  are  43  ;  Marriages,  7  ;  Burials,  7.  Communicants 
at  Annapolis  and  Clements,  76.  The  female  school,  conducted 
by  his  daughter,  consists  of  34  scholars,  13  of  whom  are  upon 
charity.  They  attend  catechising  on  Wednesdays." 

Mr.  Bailey  was  Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Parish,  Annapolis, 
about  twenty-five  years,  and  died  of  a  dropsy  July  26th,  1808, 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  229 

aged  seventy-six  years,  leaving  a  widow  and  three  sons  and 
three  daughters.  He  retained  his  faculties,  both  of  body  and 
mind,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  to  the  last.* 

It  is  a  subject  of  regret  with  the  compiler  of  this  Memoir 
that  he  has  been  able  to  glean  but  a  very  few  facts  touching 
the  last  years  of  Mr.  Bailey's  life.  His  connection,  for  a  quar 
ter  of  a  century,  with  a  parish  having  the  relative  importance 
of  Annapolis,  must  no  doubt  have  given  him  a  good  degree  of 
influence  in  Ecclesiastical  matters  in  the  western  part  of  the 
Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  writer  has  reason  to  believe 
that  he  was  loved  and  respected  in  the  place  of  his  residence. 
To  the  last,  however,  his  temporal  condition,  remained  unim 
proved.  He  never  was  in  possession  of  an  income  sufficient 
to  maintain  himself  and  family.  Still,  he  was  remarkable  for 
the  benevolence  of  his  heart  and  the  liberality  of  his  hand. 
Though  oppressed  himself  by  want  and  debt,  his  hospitality 
never  ceased  to  flow,  and  by  .this  kindness  of  nature  he  always 
retained  the  personal  regard  of  all  who  knew  him. 

To  conclude  the  account  of  his  family : — 

Mrs.  BAILEY  died  at  Annapolis  Royal,  March  22d,  1818, 
aged  seventy  years. 

CHARLES  PERCY,  the  oldest  son,  was  a  remarkably  handsome 
person  ;  and  when  the  late  Duke  of  Kent,  father  of  the  present 
Queen  of  England,  was  commander  of  the  forces  in  Nova 
Scotia,  he  came  on  a  visit  to  Annapolis,  and  observing  this 
lad,  among  a  number  of  others  assembled  to  bid  him  welcome, 
he  inquired  who  he  was.  This  prince  was  so  pleased  with 
his  person  and  address  that  he  prevailed  upon  his  father  to 
allow  him  to  take  him  under  his  own  care,  and  to  provide  for 
him.  Accordingly  he  first  placed  him  in  the  Military  Secre 
tary's  office,  and  subsequently  gave  him  a  commission  in  his 
own  regiment,  (the  1st  Royals,)  where  he  served  with  honor, 
till  the  breaking  out  of  the  American  war,  when  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  Canada,  he  then  being  a  captain,  high  up  on 
the  list.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chippewa,  in  Upper 
Canada. 

REBECCA  LAVINIA  died  at  Annapolis  Royal. 


*  Mr.  James  Whitman's  MS.  letter,  Nov.  30th,  1847. 


230  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;    OR,          [1808. 

CHARLOTTE  MARIA  is  still  living. 

THOMAS  HENRY  had  the  appointment  of  Barrack  Master 
and  Staff  Adjutant  of  Militia,  which  he  held  till  his  death. 
He  died  young,  leaving  a  widow  and  three  daughters. 

WILLIAM  GILBERT  was  a  lawyer,  and  did  a  great  business. 
He  also  died  young,  and  left  a  small  family. 

ELIZABETH  ANNA  married  Mr.  James  Whitman. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  below  the  middle  stature.  A  side  view  of 
his  countenance  is  furnished  in  the  profile  likeness  prefixed  to 
this  Memoir,  being  the  only  portrait  of  him  now  in  existence. 
Although  his  youth  was  occupied  in  the  labors  of  a  farm,  and 
he  lived  beyond  the  "  three  score  years  and  ten"  allotted  to 
man,  yet  we  find  him  speaking  frequently  in  his  writings  of 
his  slender  constitution.  His  love  of  learning  caused  him  to 
surmount  many  obstacles  in  order  to  improve  his  mind,  and 
the  advantages  he  finally  enjoyed  were  without  doubt  well 
improved.  He  strove  hard  to  acquire  knowledge,  and  wrote 
much,  and  especially  at  various  times  no  small  amount  of 
poetry.  Without  attributing  to  him  the  possession  of  genius, 
he  may  be  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  a  fair  degree  of  talent 
and  of  a  large  amount  of  various  information. 

The  abilities  which  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  possessed 
were  industriously  employed,  for  he  was  always  busy.  Many 
of  his  writings  have  been  lost,  but  enough  remain  to  show 
how  continually  his  early  practice  of  using  the  pen  was  fol 
lowed  throughout  his  life.  These  writings  are  of  a  very  mis 
cellaneous  character.  His  journals  and  letter  books  which 
now  exist  have  furnished  the  greater  part  of  the  materials  of 
the  foregoing  biography.  Beside  these  are  a  MS.  History  of 
New  England,  comprising  an  account  of  its  natural  produc 
tions  and  topography,  extending  to  some  two  hundred  pages ; 
a  Description  of  the  present  Province  of  New  Brunswick,  with 
an  Account  of  the  Sufferings  of  the  American  Loyalists,  who 
were  transported  thither ;  Dramatic  Sketches,  principally  of  a 
political  cast ;  and  two  or  three  MS.  School  Books.  Much 
of  his  poetry  has  been  preserved.  "  The  Farewell  *to  Kenne- 
beck,"  with  the  exception  of  some  stanzas,  highly  charged  with 
politics,  has  been  given  in  Note  K.  In  the  opinion  of  the  pre 
sent  writer  this  production  has  considerable  merit.  But  he 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  231 

has  not  been  able  to  find,  among  his  other  poetical  efforts,  any 
which  he  thinks  are  to  be  compared  with  this.  The  ancient 
maxim  that  "  a  poet  is  born  such,  while  an  orator  can  be  made" 
by  industry,  contains  probably  more  truth  than  is  generally 
supposed,  and  a  propensity  for  versifying  has  doubtless  been 
often  mistaken  for  that  natural  poetical  gift  vouchsafed  to  but 
very  few  in  any  century. 

A  number  of  Mr.  Bailey's  sermons  have  been  carefully  ex 
amined  by  the  writer  of  this  volume.  From  various  causes 
many  of  these  MS.  are  imperfect  in  the  loss  of  some,  and  in 
a  few  instances  nearly  all  their  contents.  This  of  course  ren 
ders  it  the  more  difficult  to  express  an  opinion  respecting  them. 
Besides,  those  which  have  entirely  perished  might  have  been 
on  totally  different  subjects  from  those  which  have  been  pre 
served.  Of  those  examined  many  are  of  an  historical  charac 
ter,  illustrating  either  some  particular  incidents,  or  the  lives  of 
persons  mentioned  in  the  Bible ;  a  few  are  Thanksgiving  Ser 
mons,  on  various  occasions ;  some  are  aimed  at  specified  vices; 
some  are  designed  to  enforce  the  Christian  virtues,  and  some 
are  devoted  to  the  instruction  furnished  by  events  in  the  Sa 
viour's  life.  A  few  are  either  directly  based  on  some  of  the 
Fasts  and  Festivals  of  the  Church,  or  refer  to  them.  But,  as 
before  stated,  so  large  a  portion  of  many  of  them  is  lost,  that 
it  becomes  difficult  to  judge  of  these  discourses  from  the  frag 
ments  that  remain.  This,  however  is  evident,  that  they  do 
not  exceed  contemporaneous  sermons  in  close  application  of 
Gospel  truth,  or  in  pungent  appeals  to  the  hearer. 

Whatever  may  be  assigned  as  the  cause,  it  is  very  certain 
that  the  eighteenth  century  witnessed  a  coldness  and  deadness 
in  religion  truly  lamentable.  This  characterized  all  bodies  of 
Christians,  nor  did  a  favorable  change  become  widely  estab 
lished  till  within  the  last  forty  years.  Now,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
that  while  the  truths  of  natural  religion  are  enforced,  the  Gos 
pel  of  Christ  is  faithfully  preached  by  the  majority  of  ministers 
in  Protestant  countries. 

It  is  abundantly  apparent  that  Mr.  Bailey  entered  warmly 
into  politics.  Considering  his  situation  this  can  cause  no  sur 
prise.  On  his  visit  to  England  for  Holy  Orders  he  saw,  among 


232  FRONTIER   MISSIONARY;  OR,  [1808. 

other  things,  evidences  of  the  great  military  and  naval  power 
of  that  nation,  and  the  opportunities  he  had  of  meeting  with 
the  dignitaries  of  the  established  Church,  and  other  circum 
stances,  strengthened,  no  doubt,  the  loyalty  which  all  Ameri 
cans  felt  at  that  time.  He  was  a  recipient  of  the  bounty  of  a 
Church  of  England  Missionary  Society  to  an  extent  that  to 
him  must  have  seemed  large.  That  Society,  pitying  the  des 
titute  condition  of  a  poor  and  ignorant  people  in  America,  en 
tirely  neglected  by  their  countrymen,  who  seemed  to  be  willing 
to  let  the  whole  Kennebec  valley  either  sink  into  infidelity  or 
become  the  prey  of  Popish  Missionaries,  that  Society  could 
send  its  sympathy  and  aid  across  the  Atlantic,  and  the  subject 
of  this  Memoir  was  the  agent  for  carrying  out  its  benevolent 
designs.  The  people  of  his  charge  were  poor  and  their  learn 
ing  was  scanty.  They  were  also  a  very  heterogeneous  collec 
tion.  A  small  number  of  persons,  however,  consisting  mainly 
of  officers  of  the  county  court  and  lawyers,  might  furnish  him 
with  better  society.  But  while  some  of  these  were  estimable, 
others  were  far  otherwise.  The  latter  harrassed  and  persecuted 
him,  and  exerted  themselves  to  destroy  the  Church,  of  which 
he  was  the  minister. 

The  differences  between  the  mother  country  and  America 
increased.  Yet  there  is  satisfactory  evidence  that  after  mat 
ters  had  proceeded  to  considerable  lengths,  some  of  the  most 
prominent  of  the  American  patriots  contemplated  only  a  re 
dress  of  grievances,  and  had  no  desire  or  serious  thought  of 
independence. 

It  is  very  easy  to  perceive  that  Mr.  Bailey,  who  had  wit 
nessed  the  wealth  and  vast  warlike  means  that  Great  Britain 
possessed,  and  therefore  knew  her  power,  must,  be  confident 
that  the  parent  country  could  easily  conquer  her  revolted  colo 
nies.  The  Revolution,  therefore,  in  his  view,  was  little  short  of 
madness.  Nor  could  he  be  favorably  impressed  with  the  char 
acter  of  some  of  the  leaders  of  the  revolt  in  his  region.  They 
were  men  of  but  little  learning  or  refinement.  Some  of  them 
disclaimed  all  religious  obligation.  Many  excesses  took  place 
in  these  eastern  regions,  and  if  arguments  failed  to  convert  a 
Tory,  the  tender  mercies  of  a  mob  would  not  be  effectual. 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  233 

The  Missionary  saw  and  felt  that  men  raised  to  power  in  his 
neighborhood,  under  the  new  order  of  things,  abused  that 
power  to  gratify  old  personal  grudges.  Receiving  his  main 
support  from  a  Church  Society  in  England,  doubtless  he  feared 
that  should  the  Revolution  be  successful,  that  support  would 
be  cut  off,  —  he  would  be  obliged  to  abandon  his  charge,  the 
labor  and  anxiety  of  so  many  years  would  be  entirely  lost,  and 
the  Church,  of  which  he  was  minister,  become  extinct. 

When  we  contrast  the  treatment  received  by  the  Tories  in 
Boston,  and  other  large  places,  with  the  persecutions  which 
the  friends  of  Great  Britain  underwent  in  the  eastern  parts  of 
the  Province,  we  cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  officials  of  the 
latter  region  grossly  abused  their  power,  and  made  personal 
hatred,  rather  than  the  requirements  of  public  safety,  the  meas 
ure  of  their  severity.  It  was  desirable,  no  doubt,  that  all 
parts  of  the  country  should  be  united  in  opposition  to  the 
measures  of  Great  Britain,  and  men  were  to  be  drafted  from 
every  town  in  the  Province  to  fill  up  the  Continental  army. 
Aside  from  this,  it  could  be  of  little  practical  importance 
whether  the  county  of  Lincoln  was  loyal  or  rebellious.  A 
vast  wilderness  intervened  between  it  and  any  of  the  loyal 
Colonies.  Nor  could  it  in  any  way  be  a  barrier  to  attacks 
from  the  English  from  those  quarters.  British  troops  occupied 
Castine  more  than  four  years,  till  the  end  of  1783.  There 
was  nothing  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  taking  possession  of 
Kennebec  if  he  were  so  disposed.  An  apology  for  a  fort 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  armed  with  one  cannon,  which 
had  been  an  alarm  gun  at  Fort  Frankfort,*  was  the  only  hinder- 
ance  to  a  British  fleet  that  might  see  fit  to  sail  to  its  head  of 
navigation. 

The  gratification  of  personal  animosity,  then,  on  the  part  of 
some  of  the  Whig  leaders  in  Lincoln  County,  rather  than  an 
enlightened  and  honest  love  of  liberty,  appears  to  have  excited 
them  to  measures  which  would  not  have  been  tolerated  in  the 
more  populous  parts  of  the  same  Province.  This  could  not 


*Mr.  Bailey  says  that  this  fort  was  «  a  wooden  block  house,  with  one  gun,  a  four 
pounder." 

30 


234  FRONTIER     MISSIONARY.  [1808. 

but  be  known  and  felt  by  Mr.  Bailey  and  his  political  friends. 
And  making  all  due  allowance  for  the  weakness  of  human 
nature,  knowing  how  prone  it  is  to  resent  injustice  and  op 
pression,  we  think  that  the  facts  before  stated,  while  they  do 
not  prove  to  be  a  sufficient  vindication  of  Mr.  Bailey's  political 
course,  may  still  mitigate  the  censures  which  any  may  be 
disposed  to  pass  on  an  American,  who  did  not  feel  the  injus 
tice  which  Great  Britain  was  showing  to  his  country,  and 
therefore  did  not  exercise  his  influence  on  what  we  all  now 
agree  to  have  been  the  right  side. 


NOTES. 


NOTE    A. 

[Page  2.] 

IN  the  "  History  of  Rowley,  etc.,  by  Thomas  Gage ;  1840," 
is  a  "  Genealogical  Register  of  the  Families  of  some  of  the 
First  Settlers  of  Rowley."  The  first  on  the  list  is  — 

BAYLEY. 

1.  James  and  Lydia.     Had  four  sons;    John,  born  1642 
James,  1650 ;  Thomas,  1653  ;  Samuel,  1658. 

2.  John  and  Mary  (Mighill).     Three  sons;  Nathaniel,  born 
1675 ;  Thomas,  1677  ;  James,  1680 ;  and  two  daughters. 

3.  Nathaniel  and  Sarah  (Clark).     Five  sons;  Joseph,  born 
1701 ;  Nathaniel,  1703 :  Josiah,  1705 ;  David,  1707 ;  Samuel, 
1709  ;  and  two  daughters. 

4.  David  and  Mary  (Hodgkins).     Seven  sons;  Jacob,  born 
1731;  David,  1735;    Pierce,  1738;  Amos,  1740;  John,  1741; 
Nathaniel,  1743  ;  Ezeldel,  1748.— p.  438. 

The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  biography  was  one  of  the 
seven  deacons  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  in  his  na 
tive  town. — p.  24. 

The  writer  of  the  above-named  History,  gives  the  name  of 
the  family  as  Bayley.  But  as  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  uni 
formly  spelt  his  name  Bailey,  and  as  his  immediate  relatives 
and  his  descendants  did  the  same,  this  form  of  the  name  has 
been  adopted  in  this  work. 


236  NOTES. 

NOTE   B. 

[Page  70.] 

As  the  interesting  facts,  mentioned  in  this  and  the  preced 
ing  paragraph,  have  never,  (so  far  as  the  writer  is  aware,)  been 
distinctly  stated  by  any  historian,  it  is  proper  that  the  author 
ity  which  substantiates  those  facts,  should  be  given.  They 
form  not  only  a  part  of  the  annals  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  this  country,  but  they  are  a  portion  of  the  history  of  the 
United  States. 

Williamson,  who  has  given,  in  his  History  of  Maine,*  the 
most  detailed  account  of  this  colony,  says  of  the  colonists : 
"  They  left  the  ships,  August  the  llth,f  and,  assembling  on 
the  shore,  returned  public  thanks  to  Almighty  God,  and  lis 
tened  to  a  sermon  adapted  to  the  occasion."  Bancroft  says  :£ 
"  The  adventurers  reached  the  coast  of  America,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebec,  and  offering  up  public  thanks  to  God 
for  their  safety,  began  their  settlement  under  the  auspices  of 
religion."  "  Purchas§  makes  the  following  statement :  An.  1607, 
was  settled  a  Plantation  in  the  River  Sagadahoc,||  the  Ships 
called  the  Gift  and  Mary  and  John  being  sent  thither  by  the 
famous  English  lusticer,  Sir  lohn  Popham  and  others.  *  * 
They  chose  the  place  of  their  Plantation  at  the  mouth  of  Sa- 
gadahoc,  in  a  Westerly  Peninsula:  there  heard  a  Sermon,  read 
their  Patent  &  Laws  &  built  a  Fort.  *  *  The  people 

seemed  affected  with  our  men's  devotions,  &  would  say  that 
King  IAMES  is  a  good  King,  his  God  a  good  God,  and  Tanto 
naught,  so  they  call  an  evil  spirit  which  haunts  them  every 
Moone,  and  makes  them  worship  him  for  feare.  *  *  On 
February  the  5,  the  President  died. " 

The  compiler  of  this  Memoir,  although  well  satisfied  in  his 


*  Williamson's  History  &c. ,  i.  p.  198. 

f  An  error  in  the  date,  see  post. 

I  History  U.  S.  13th  Ed.  i.  p.  268. 

§  Purchas'  Pilgrims,  London,  1626,  Vol.  v.  p.  830. 

||  Sagadahoc  is  the  proper  name  of  the  river  from  Merry  Meeting  Bay  to  the  sea. 
The  Kennebec  and  Audroscoggin  unite  at  this  Bay,  and  thence  take  the  first-men 
tioned  name. 


NOTES.  237 

own  mind,  from  various  reasons,  that  a  minister  of  the  Church 
of  England  accompanied  this  expedition,  (as  was  the  case  with 
the  first  colony  which  a  few  months  before  settled  the  present 
State  of  Virginia,)  still  supposed  it  to  be  nearly  impossible  to 
establish  this  fact- beyond  a  doubt,  and  entirely  so  to  recover 
the  name  of  the  Clergyman,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  two  and  a 
half  centuries.  He  had  stated  his  reasons  in  a  note,  when,  just 
as  this  work  was  ready  for  the  press,*  he  accidentally  discovered 
that  there  was  an  ancient  document  in  existence  which  would 
furnish  him  with  much  information  desired  on  this  point. 
This  document  forms  one  of  the  Volumes  published  by  the 
"  Hakluyt  Society,"  London :  1849,  and  is  copied  from  a  man 
uscript  in  the  Sloane  Collection,  No.  1622,  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  larger  part  of  this  contemporary  narrative  was 
contributed  by  the  writer  of  this  Memoir  to  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  and  was  published  in  Volume  I.,  Fourth 
Series  of  their  Collections.  An  extract  also  appeared  in  the 
third  Volume  of  the  Maine  Historical  Collections. 
The  title  of  the  second  part  is  as  follows : — 

THE  SECOND  BOOKE 

OF   THE     FIRST     DECADE      OF     THE     H1STORIE     OF     TRAVAILE     INTO 

VIRGINIA  BRITTANIA,  ENTREATING  OF  THE  FIRST  DIS 
COVERERS  OF  THE  COUNTRY,  AND  OF  THE  FIRST  COLONIE, 
TRANSPORTED  BY  S1^  RlCHARD  GREENVILE,  KNIGHT  UPON  THE 
ISLAND  OF  ROANOK,  AT  THE  EXPENCE  AND  CHARGE  OF  S*  WALT: 
RALEIGH  KNIGHT. 


As     ALSO     OF     THE     NORTHERN     CoLONIE,     SEATED     UPON     THE 

RIVER  OF  SACHADEHOC,  TRANSPORTED  AN°  1585,  AT  THE  CHARGE 
OF  SK  JOHN  POPHAM,  KNIGHT,  LATE  LORD  CHIEFE  JUSTICE  OF 
ENGLAND,  GATHERED  BY  WILLIAM  STRACHEY,  GENT: 

PSAL.   CII.  VER.  "18. 

"  This  shalbe  written  for  the  Generation  to  come :  and  the  people  w<*  shalbe 
created  shall  praise  the  Lord." 


*  In  1850. 


238  NOTES. 

(In  the  title  to  "the  first  Booke,"  the  writer  says  "COLLECTED 
BY  WILLIAM  STRACHEY,  GENT:  3  YEARES  THITHER  IMPLOYED 
SECRETARIE  OF  STATE,  AND  OF  COUNSAILE  WITH  THE  RIGHT 
HONORABLE  THE  LORD  IjA-WARRE,  HIS  MATIf8  LoRD  GoUERNOK 
AND  CAPT:  GENERALL  OF  THE  COLONY.") 

In  1606  a  ship  was  despatched  to  the  northern  parts  of 
America  by  some  members  of  the  Plymouth  Company,  under 
command  of  Capt.  Chalons. 

This  ship,  which  carried  thirty-one  men  and  two  of  the 
Indians  whom  Wey mouth  had  delivered  to  Sir  F.  Gorges, 
was  taken  by  a  Spanish  fleet,  and  carried  to  Spain,  where  she 
was  condemned.  After  mentioning  this  discouraging  circum 
stance,  the  Strachey  account  proceeds:  "Howbeit  the  late 
Lord  Chief  Justice  would  not  for  all  this  hard  hansell  and 
Spanish  mischief  give  over  his  determinacon  for  planting  of 
a  Colony  wthin  the  aforesaid  so  goodly  a  country  upon  the 
River  of  Sachadehoc,  but  against  the  next  year  prepared  a 
greater  number  of  Planters  and  better  provisions,  wch  in  two 
shipps  he  sent  thither,  a  Fly  boat  called  the  Gift  of  God, 
wherein  a  kinsman  of  his,  George  Popham,  comanded  and  a 
good  shipp  called  the  Mary  and  John  of  London,  wherein 
Raleigh  Gilbert  comanded,  wch  wth  120  persons  for  Planters 
brake  ground  for  Plymouth  in  June  1607." 

"  Aug.  1.  *  *  They  hoisted  out  their  bote,  and  the  Pilott, 
Capt,  R.  Dauies  wth  12  others  rowed  into  the  Bay  wherein 
their  ship  road,  and  landed  on  a  galland  Island." 

11  Aug.  9.  Sonday  the  chief  both  the  the  shipps  wth  the 
greatest  pt  of  all  the  Company  landed  on  the  Island  where  the 
crosse  stood,  the  wch  they  called  S*  George's  Island,  and  heard 
a  sermon  delivered  vnto  them  by  Mr.  Seymour,  his  preacher, 
and  soe  returned  abourd  againe." 

Leaving  St.  George's  Island  they  stood  for  the  Kennebec. 
A  violent  storm  nearly  caused  the  shipwreck  of  both  vessels. 
Before  reaching  their  destination  they  were  driven  somewhat 
to  the  south-westward  and  were  a  part  of  the  time  in  Casco 
Bay,  whose  leading  features  are  described  in  the  account. 

"  Aug.  15.     *     *       Came  to  the   eastward,  and  found  the 


NOTES.  239 

Island  of  Sutquin,*  and  anchored  vnder  y*,  for  the  wynd  was 
of  the  shoare,  by  wch  they  could  not  gett  into  Sachadehoc,  yett 
Capt.  Popham  wth  the  Fly  boat  gott  in." 

"  Aug.  16.  *  *  in  the  morning  Capt.  Popham  sent  his 
shallop  to  helpe  in  the  Mary  and  John,  wch  weyed  Anchor,  and 
being  calme  was  soone  towed  in  and  Anchored  by  the  Guifts 
side." 

"  Aug.  18,  they  all  went  ashoare  and  there  made  choise  of  a 
place  for  their  Plantation  at  the  mouth  or  entry  of  the  Ryver 
on  the  west  side  (for  the  River  bindeth  y'self  towards  the  Nor- 
east  and  by  east)  being  almost  an  Island  of  a  good  bignes, 
being  in  a  province  called  by  the  Indians  Sabino,  so  called  of 
a  Sagarno,  or  chief  Commander  under  the  grand  Bassaba." 

"  Aug.  19,  they  all  went  ashoare  where  they  had  made  choise 
of  their  Plantation,  and  there  they  had  a  Sermon  delivered 
vnto  them  by  their  preacher,  and  after  the  Sermon  the  Presi 
dent's  Comission  was  read  wlh  the  Lawes  to  be  observed  and 
keept,  George  Popham  gent  was  noiated  President,  Capt.  Ra 
leigh  Gilbert,  James  Dauies:  Ri:  Seymer  preacher,  Capt.  Ric 
Dauies,  Capt  Harlow,  the  same  who  brought  away  the  Saluad- 
ges  at  this  tyme  shewed  in  London  from  the  River  of  Canada, 
were  all  sworne  Assistants ;  and  soe  they  returned  back 
againe." 

"  Aug.  20.  All  went  to  shoare  againe,  and  there  began  to 
entrench,  and  make  a  Fort  and  to  buyld  a  storehouse,  contyn- 
ewing  the  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27." 

******* 

"  Octo.  4.  Then  came  2  canoas  to  the  Fort  in  wch  were  Na- 
hamada  and  his  wife,  and  Skidwares,  and  the  Bashabaes 
brother,  and  one  other  called  Amenequin,  a  Sagamo,  all  of  whom 
the  President  feasted  and  entertayned  wth  all  kindness,  both 
that  day  and  the  next,  wch  being  Sondaye  the  President  carried 
them  to  the  place  of  publike  prayers,  wch  they  were  at  both 
morning  and  evening,  attending  yfc  with  great  reverence  and 
silence." 


Seguin. 


240  NOTES. 

"  Octo.  6.  *  *  *  After  Capt  Dauies  departure*  they  fully 
finished  the  Fort,  trencht  and  fortefied  y*  wth  12  pieces  of  Ordi 
nance,  and  built  50  houses  therein,  besides  a  Church  and  a 
Storehouse,  and  the  Carpenters  framed  a  pretty  Pynnace  of 
about  some  50  tonne,  wch  they  called  the  Virginia,  the  chief 
shipwright  being  one  Digby  of  London." 

This  contemporary  account  establishes  the  fact  that  this 
colony  had  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  in  their 
number,  that  he  was  their  chaplain,  was  sworn  as  one  of  the 
assistants,  and  regularly  officiated  in  the  church  built  within 
their  fort.  It  also  gives  his  name.  The  common  notion  that 
Plymouth,  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  was  the  first  place  in  which 
any  kind  of  Protestant  religious  worship  was  steadily  kept  up, 
is  evidently  unfounded.  Thirteen  years  before  a  landing  was 
made  QJI  "  Forefathers'  Rock,"  the  wilderness  of  Maine  echoed 
to  the  sound  of  a  pure  and  fervent  liturgy. f 

It  is  desirable  to  correct  a  misapprehension  which  has  pre 
vailed  to  some  extent,  as  to  the  precise  spot  on  the  Kennebec, 
(or  Sagadehoc,)  where  this  colony  established  itself.  Wil- 
liamsonf  says:  "Although,  according  to  some  accounts,  they 
first  went  ashore  on  Erascohegan^  or  the  western  Peninsula; 


*  In  the  Mary  and  John. 

fThe  present  writer,  while  he  wishes  to  show  that  members  of  the  Church  of 
England  made  provision  at  a  very  early  date  for  the  spiritual  wants  of  colonies  in 
America,  and  also  of  the  savages  among  whom  those  colonies  were  founded,  has  no 
disposition  to  keep  out  of  sight  the  pious  endeavors  of  any  other  Christians  to  pro 
mote  the  same  great  end.  It  is  only  since  these  pages  have  been  prepared  for  the 
press  that  it  has  come  to  his  knowledge  that  Protestant  worship  and  preaching  were 
continued  for  some  time  previous  to  Popham's  expedition,  in  a  locality  within  the 
present  State  of  Maine. 

The  colony  of  De  Monts  has  been  spoken  of,  p.  68.  It  was  made  up  of  Romanists 
and  Protestants.  Among  the  latter  was  L'Esarbot,  who  was  a  Huguenot.  He  kept 
a  journal,  which  was  afterwards  published.  In  the  "  little  chapell,  built  after  the 
sauage  fashion,"  L'Esarbot  gave  public  religious  instmction  to  the  colonists  on 
Sundays  and  other  times.  The  name  of  this  worthy  man  should  not  be  suffered  to 
sink  into  oblivion.  He  undoubtedly  labored  faithfully  in  his  endeavors  to  promote 
the  interests  of  religion,  and  whatever  may  have  been  his  success,  of  which  we  are 
not  informed,  he  has  connected  his  name  in  the  most  desirable  manner  with  the  his 
tory  of  ancient  <;  Acadia,"  and  will  hereafter  receive  the  commendation  of  "  good  and 
faithful  servant"  from  that  Master  whose  religion  he  sought  to  promote. 

J  History  of  Maine,  i.,  p.  198. 

5  Xo\v  Parker's  Island. 


NOTES.  241 

yet  it  is  believe'd  they  finally  disembarked  upon  an  island  two 
hundred  rods  eastward,  called  Stage  Island,  supposed  by  them 
to  be  better  situated  for  all  the  conveniences  of  trade  with  the 
natives  and  of  navigation  through  the  year."  *  *  He  acknowl 
edges  that  they  afterwards,  for  various  reasons,  removed  to 
"  the  south-east  side  of  a  creek,  near  what  is  now  called  Atkins' 
Bay,  which  stretches  west  into  the  land  half  a  league,  and 
forms  a  peninsula  at  the  southerly  corner  of  the  present"  [town 
of]  "  Phipsburg."  Here,  he  says,  "  a  few  slender  cabins  were 
built  and  a  fortification  erected." 

The  present  writer  has  taken  considerable  pains  to  ascertain 
where  the  idea,  that  this  colony  first  landed  on  an  island,  origi 
nated.  The  earliest  book  he  has  met  with  in  which  the  state 
ment  occurs,  is  "  The  History  of  the  District  of  Maine,  by" 
[Gov.]  "James  Sullivan,"  published  in  1795.  He  says,  p.  53, 
"they  spent  a  miserable  winter,  principally  on  an  island  called 
Stage  Island."  At  page  174,  he  states:  "  Tradition  assures  us 
that  Pophanrs  party  made  their  landing  on  the  island,  now 
called  Stage  Island,  and  as  there  are  remains  of  an  ancient  fort 
on  Cape  Small  Point,  and  wells  of  water  of  long  standing, 
with  remains  of  ancient  dwelling-houses,  so  it  may  be  con 
cluded  that  the  Plymouth  fort  was  at  that  place."*  Four  pages 
previously  the  historian  had  said :  "  On  the  west  side  of  the 
river  are  the  remains  of  an  old  fort  made  of  stone  and  earth; 
there  are  also  eight  old  walls  now  to  be  seen,  and  the  ruins  of 
several  houses.  Whether  these  buildings  were  erected  by  the 
English  or  French  is  uncertain  ;  but  the  probability  is  that  the 
former  were  the  erectors  of  the  works."  At  pages  169  and  170 
the  following  statement  occurs:  "  On  an  island  already  spoken 
of,  called  Stage  Island,  was  the  landing  place  of  Popham's 
party.  *  *  Ogilby,  in  his  Collection,  which  he  made  in  the 
year  1671,  says  that  they  landed  on  the  west  side  of  the  river 
and  there  began  a  plantation." 

It  will  be  perceived  that  tradition  alone  is  assigned  as  au- 

*  "  As  early  as  1642  the  Plymouth  Company,  who  had  a  grant  of  land  on  the  Ken- 
nebec,  erected  a  fort  and  trading  house  at  Georgetown.  By  some  it  is  supposed  that 
this  fort  was  at  Small  Point,  and  by  others  at  Sagadahock  Bay." — Maine  Historical 
Collection,  ii.,  p.  200. 

31 


242  NOTES. 

thority  for  the  statement  of  this  colony  landing  in  the  first 
place  upon  an  island.  Yet  tradition  appears  to  have  been 
utterly  at  fault  in  pointing  out  the  locality  of  the  fort  built  by 
the  Plymouth  company  thirty-seven  years  after  the  departure 
of  Popham's  colony.  Besides,  the  description  of  the  remains 
of  an  old  fort  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  existing  in  1795, 
indicates  that  that  fortress  was  built  by  persons  of  European 
notions  as  to  the  strength  of  fortifications,  rather  than  by  the 
colony  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  who  would  doubtless  deem  block 
houses,  built  of  timber,  to  be  sufficient.  Tradition  is  not  uni 
form  on  this  point.  In  Massachusetts  Historical  Collections, 
Vol.  i.,  252,  a  writer  contends  that  Parker's  Island  was  the  first 
landing  place  of  Popham's  colony.  Certain  indications  of 
early  settlers  are  to  be  found  even  at  the  present  day  upon 
Stage  Island.  Why  may  not  these  have  been  what  was  left 
by  the  garrison  established  by  the  Plymouth  Company,  whose 
locality  is  now  confessedly  unknown?  It  will  be  observed  in 
one  of  the  quotations  made  from  Sullivan's  History,  that 
although  he  makes  the  distinct  assertion  that  the  island  he 
names  was  the  landing  place  of  Popham's  party,  yet  that 
shortly  after  he  quotes  Ogilby  as  stating,  in  1671,  that  this 
party  landed  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  Ogilby  agrees 
with  all  the  ancient  writers,  (for  it  is  only  modern  historians 
who  have  assigned  this  varying  tradition  as  their  authority.) 
Thus  Purchas,  before  quoted,  "  In  a  Westerly  Peninsula.'7 
And  the  Strachey  MS.  says  :  "  they  all  went  ashoare,  and  there 
made  choise  of  a  place  for  their  Plantation  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Ryver  on  the  West  side,  *  *  being  almost  an  Island, 
of  a  good  bignes." 

In  the  autumn  of  1852  the  writer  of  this  Memoir,  in  compa 
ny  with  a  friend,  visited  the  locality  spoken  of,  and  indicated 
on  the  map,  opposite  page  77,  by  the  figure  1.  Standing  upon 
high  ground,  near  the  centre  of  it,  he  saw  at  once  that  the 
phrase  "  being  almost  an  Island,  of  good  bignes,"  was  a  very 
accurate  description.  And  from  a  pretty  thorough  examina 
tion  of  this  peninsula,  it  seemed  as  if  the  precise  situation  of 
the  fort  built  by  these  early  colonists  might  almost  be  settled. 
Conspicuous  to  all  who  enter  or  leave  the  mouth  of  the  Ken- 


NOTES.  243 

nebec,  is  a  two  story  dwelling-house,  built  by  Major  Shaw, 
standing  a  few  rods  from  the  sea  coast,  and  not  far  distant 
from  the  river  just  named.  Near  this  house  is  a  crescent- 
shaped  pond  of  fresh  water,  covering  about  five  acres  of 
ground.  The  land  rises  some  forty  feet  on  the  north  of  this 
pond,  and  then  descends  by  an  easy  slope  to  the  water  of 
Atkins'  Bay,  giving  sufficient  space  for  the  erection  of  a  fort 
containing  "  fifty  houses,  besides  a  Church  and  a  Storehouse." 
A  large  supply  of  fresh  water  would  evidently  be  needed  for 
such  an  establishment  as  this.  At  the  present  day  the  water 
in  the  wells  on  the  peninsula  is  more  or  less  brackish,  which 
in  all  probability  has  always  been  the  case.  Such  a  pond, 
then,  would  be  of  great  value  to  a  fortress.  This  fact,  and 
the  adaptation  of  the  land  to  such  a  building,  seem  to  be  deci 
sive  as  to  the  locality  of  the  fort. 

The  satisfaction  of  being  able  to  determine  with  a  tolerable 
degree  of  accuracy,  the  precise  spot  where  this,  the  earliest  but 
one  of  the  colonies  in  the  Northern  United  States,  passed  a 
number  of  months,  will,  it  is  hoped,  be  a  sufficient  apology  for 
the  space  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  this  question.  While 
everything  relating  to  this  colony  will  no  doubt  prove  interest 
ing  to  members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  the  addi 
tion  here  made  to  the  previous  knowledge  of  it  cannot  be 
unacceptable  to  the  student  of  American  history. 


From  some  cause  or  other,  historians  have  done  but  very 
scanty  justice  to  the  interest  that  some  of  the  members  of  the 
Church  of  England  took  in  providing  for  the  spiritual  welfare 
of  those  who  attempted  to  colonize  the  then  inhospitable  re 
gions  of  this  western  world.  We  have  seen  in  this  Note,  that 
a  colony  of  Episcopalians  in  Maine,  with  a  clergyman  of  their 
Church  as  their  chaplain,  and  as  one  of  their  "Assistants," 
preceded  that  of  the  Puritans  in  Plymouth  by  thirteen  years. 
We  now  propose  to  show  that  another  part  of  North  America 
witnessed  the  celebration  of  divine  worship,  and  the  adminis 
tration  of  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  forty-two  years 
before  the  "  Pilgrims"  landed  on  these  shores. 


244  NOTES. 

In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Capt.  Martin  Frobisher 
made  three  voyages  to  the  continent  of  North  America.  In 
the  attempt  to  discover  a  shorter  passage  to  China  than  that 
by  the  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  he  struck  boldly  for 
the  west.  He  finally  reached  a  point  far  north  of  Labrador, 
and  in  63°  N.  latitude  discovered  the  straits  which  have  ever 
since  borne  his  name.  He  returned  to  England,  and  the  next 
year  a  motley  collection  of  miners,  gold-finers,  bakers,  carpen 
ters,  and  gentlemen,  with  thirty  soldiers  and  forty  seamen, 
were  embarked  on  board  of  "  fifteen  sayle  of  good  ships," 
which  reached  their  former  harbor  in  safety  in  the  summer  of 
1578.  Before  sailing  from  England  certain  regulations  for  the 
guidance  of  the  adventurers  were  drawn  up,  of  which  what 
follows  is  an  extract: — 

"  Articles  and  orders  to  be  obserued  for  the  Fleete,  set  down 
by  Capt.  Frobisher,  Generall,  &c. 

"  I.  Inprimis,  to  banish  swearing,  dice  and  card  playing 
and  filthy  communication  and  to  serue  God  twice  a  day  with 
the  ordinary  seruice  of  usuall  in  the  Churches  of  England,  and 
to  clear  the  glasse*  according  to  the  old  order  of  England." — 
Hackluyt,  (Ed.  1600,)  Vol.  iii.,  p.  74. 

They  arrived  at  their  destination  "  upon  the  one  and  thirtieth 
of  July."  "  Here  every  man  greatly  rejoiced  of  their  happie  meet 
ing  and  welcomed  one  another  after  the  sea  manner  with' their 
great  Ordinance;  and  when  each  partie  had  ripped  up  their 
sundry  fortunes  and  perils  past,  they  highly  praysed  God,  and 
altogether  upon  their  knees  gane  him  due,  humble  and  hearty 
thanks,  and  Maister  Wolfall,  a  learned  man  and  appointed  by 
her  Maieties  Councell  to  be  their  Minister  and  Preacher,  made 
unto  them  a  godly  sermon,  exhorting  them  especially  to  be 
thankfull  to  God  for  their  strange  and  miraculous  deliuerance 
in  those  so  dangerous  places,  and  putting  them  in  mind  of  the 
uncertaintie  of  man's  life,  willed  them  to  make  themselues 
always  readie  as  resolute  men  to  enjoy  and  accept  thankfully 
whatsoeuer  aduenture  his  diuine  Prouidence  should  appoint. 
This  Maister  Wolfall,  being  well  seated  and  settled  at  home 

*  Hour  glass. 


NOTES.  245 

in  his  owne  Countery,  with  a  good  and  large  liuing,  hailing  a 
good  honest  woman  to  wife  and  very  towardly  children,  being 
of  good  reputation  among  the  best,  refused  not  to  take  in  hand 
this  painfull  voyage,  for  the  only  care  he  had  to  saue  soules, 
and  to  reforme  those  Infidels,  if  it  were  possible,  to  Christian- 
itie :  and  also  partly  for  the  great  desire  he  had  that  this  nota 
ble  voyage  so  well  begunne,  might  be  brought  to  perfection : 
and  therefore  he  was  contented  to  stay  there  the  whole  yeare 
if  occasion  had  serued,  being  in  every  necessary  action  as  for 
ward  as  the  resolutest  man  of  all.  Wherefore  in  this  behalfe 
he  may  rightly  be  called  a  true  Pastor  and  Minister  of  God's 
word,  which  for  the  profite  of  his  flocke  spared  not  to  venture 
his  owne  life." — Ibid.,  iii.,  84. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  "  Maister  Wolfall  *  *  'preached 
a  godly  sermon,  which  being  ended,  he  celebrated  also  a  Com 
munion  upon  the  land,  at  the  partaking  whereof  was  the  Cap- 
taine  of  the  Anne  Francis,  and  many  other  Gentlemen  and 
Souldiers,  Mariners  and  Miners  with  him.  This  celebration 
of  the  diuine  mystery  was  the  first  signe,  seale  and  confirma 
tion  of  Christ's  name  death  and  passion  euer  knowen  in  these 
quarters.  The  said  M.  made  sermons,  and  celebrated  the 
Communion  at  sundry  other  times  in  seueraille  and  sundry 
ships,  because  the  whole  company  could  neuer  meet  together 
at  any  one  place." — Ibid.,  iii.,  91. 

No  American  historian,  it  is  believed,  has  noticed  any  of  the 
above  interesting  facts  respecting  the  religious  features  in  this 
expedition,  though  some  have  spoken  at  length  of  Frobisher's 
voyages,  as  connected  with  the  discovery  and  colonization  of 
the  American  continent. 


A  discovery  of  somewhat  recent  date,  on  an  island  near  the 
shores  of  Maine,  promises  to  give  additional  plausibility  to  the 
theory  that  the  coasts  of  North  America  were  visited  by  North 
men  some  centuries  before  natives  of  England  or  France  came 
hither.  In  1808,  a  gentleman  in  Bath,  Maine,  communicated 
to  the  Rev.  William  Jenks,  D.  D.,  well  known  as  an  accom- 


246  NOTES. 

plished  Oriental  scholar,  a  sketch  of  some  singular  characters 
found  "  on  the  side  of  a  ledge  of  rock,  near  the  middle  of  the 
little  Island  of  Mananas,  which  is  separated  from  Monhegan 
Island  only  by  a  narrow  strait  that  forms  the  harbor  of  the  lat 
ter."  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  in  May,  1851,  Dr.  Jenks  made  a  communi 
cation  respecting  the  characters  referred  to.  Since  that  time 
an  accurate  transcript  has  been  made  of  the  inscription.  The 
characters  are  eighteen  in  number,  and  Dr.  Jenks  has  now  no 
doubt  that  they  are  Runic  in  their  origin.  As  in  the  case  of 
the  inscription  on  the  rock  at  Dighton,  Mass.,  "  only  some  six 
or  seven  characters  are  claimed  to  be  Runic,  or  even  Phoeni 
cian,  Punic,  or  foreign,"  should  it  be  established  beyond  a  rea 
sonable  doubt  that  this  inscription  at  Monhegan  is  Runic,  the 
State  of  Maine  will  present  greater  claims  to  the  interest  of  the 
historian  and  antiquary  than  has  heretofore  been  allowed  to  it. 
Dr.  Jenks  says,  in  Hay  ward's  Gazetteer,  p.  64:  "  We  cannot, 
perhaps,  venture  to  assert  that  the  coast  had  never  been  visited 
by  Europeans  before  the  voyage  of  Cabot,  or  those  of  the 
Spaniards,  who,  with  the  French,  seem  to  have  been  upon  it 
at  an  early  date.  But  on  a  small  island  very  near  Monhegan, 
was  discovered  in  1808,  an  inscription  of  rather  a  curious  kind 
made  on  the  side  of  a  rock.  It  might  possibly  countenance 
the  hypothesis,  which  has  of  late  been  entertained  with  so 
much  approbation  and  interest  by  the  Danish  antiquaries,  that 
America  was  visited  by  Scandinavians  or  Icelanders,  long  be 
fore  Columbus.  Yet  the  inscription  seems  to  be  too  simple  to 
be  resolved  into  Runic  characters.  On  the  top  of  the  rock 
were  found  three  holes,  about  one  foot  apart,  rather  deeply 
perforated,  and  calculated  to  accommodate  a  tripod.  The 
island  is  called  Mananas,  or  Menannah,  and  is  described  by 
Williamson ;  although  so  far  as  is  known  to  the  writer,  the 
above  inscription  has  never  before  met  the  public  eye.  It  is 
the  only  one  of  which  he  has  heard  as  existing  in  Maine ;  and 
whether  it  were  the  result  of  mere  idleness,  or  made  to  score  a 
reckoning,*  or  has  a  meaning  of  a  different  kind,  we  will  not 


*  This  rock  is  either  granite  or  gneiss.     Is  it  probable  that  any  one  would 
reckoning  "  in  so  hard  a  substance  ? 


NOTES.  247 

undertake  to  determine.  The  holes  are  an  inch  deep  or  more, 
and  near  three  inches  in  diameter.  The  strokes  are  cut  to 
the  depth  of  nearly  half  an  inch,  and  are  about  six  inches  in 
length,  as  our  informant*  stated.  A  spring  is  near,  and  the 
shore  about  thirty  rods  off.  The  ledge  of  rock  is  near  the 
centre  of  the  little  island,  and  runs  about  N.  NE.and  S.  SW." 


NOTE  C. 

[Page  74.] 

"The  ancient  colony  of  New  Plymouth,  having  met  with 
many  losses  and  discouragements  in  their  trade  at  Kennebeck, 
in  1661  conveyed  their  lands  to  Antipas  Bois,  Edward  Tyng, 
Thomas  Brattle  and  John  Winslow,  with  all  the  privileges  of 
the  Patent,  for  the  sum  of  <£400  sterling. 

"But  the  frequent  wars  and  commotions  which  disturbed  the 
Eastern  country  prevented  these  gentlemen  and  their  heirs 
from  making  any  improvements.  And  besides,  this  territory, 
being  seldom  visited,  was  generally  esteemed  only  a  barren 
tract,  in  a  severe  climate  and  a  remote  and  wilderness  country. 
At  length,  Mr.  Samuel  Goodwin,  of  Charlestown,  (Mass.,) 
now  Major  Goodwin  of  Pownalboro',  having  obtained  some 
intelligence  from  his  ancestors  concerning  the  above-mentioned 
purchase,  and  having  procured  a  twenty-fourth  part  from  his 
father,  engaged  with  resolution  in  the  affair.  But  the  original 
Patent,  by  which  they  were  entitled  to  reassume  the  possession 
could  not  be  found,  and  a  majority  of  the  proprietors  imagined 
it  lost  beyond  recovery ;  it  was  therefore  his  first  concern,  to 
acquire,  if  possible,  this  necessary  instrument;  and  it  was  with 
indefatigable  industry,  unwearied  application,  and  a  great 
expense,  he  was  able  to  obtain  proper  intelligence  of  said 
Patent.  After  searching  a  multitude  of  Records,  he  found  it 
in  the  hands  of  Samuel  Wells,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Commission 
ers  for  settling  the  bounds  between  the  late  Colony  of  Plymouth 
and  that  of  Rhode  Island.  This  Patent  had  been  long  con- 

O 

*  The  late  Major  JOSHUA  SHAW,  of  Bath,  Maine. 


248  NOTES. 

cealecl  by  an  ancient  woman  with  a  view,  it  is  presumed,  of 
making  some  advantage  to  herself,  or  family,  and  it  was  finally 
wrested  out  of  her  possession  by  a  stratagem,  and  delivered 
to  the  above  Commissioners  in  order  to  assist  in  their  deter 
minations.  Mr.  Goodwin  obtained  an  order  from  the  General 
Court,  directing  Mr.  Wells  to  resign  the  Patent,  and  having  in 
this  manner  procured  the  original  conveyance,  prevailed  with 
a  number  of  gentlemen  to  be  concerned  by  purchase,  and  Mr. 
Bowdoin,  Vassal,  Hancock,  Dr.  Gardiner,  Hallowell,  and  other 
wealthy  persons  were  engaged,  and  formed  themselves  into  a 
company,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held,  agreeable  to  a  war 
rant,  in  1749. 

"  Mr.  Goodwin,  by  order  of  the  proprietors,  began  his  surveys 
in  1750,  and  continued  in  that  employ  through  the  whole  sum 
mer,  notwithstanding  the  Indians,  by  their  motions,  had  terri 
fied  all  the  inhabitants  into  garrison." 

The  above  is  taken  from  a  MS.  History  of  New  England, 
by  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey.  As  he  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy  with 
Major  Goodwin  it  is  probable  that  he  obtained  his  information 
from  him.  The  following  also  occurs  in  the  same  "History, 
&c:"  "Towards  the  end  of  summer,  1751,  a  number  of 
Protestants  arrived  at  Boston  from  Germany,  who  had  been 
enticed  from  their  native  country  in  consequence  of  pompous 
advertisements  and  specious  promises.  About  fifty  families 
of  these  strangers  were  prevailed  upon  by  the  Plymouth  Com 
pany  to  settle  under  their  protection.  They,  with  several 
others  of  Irish  and  English  extraction,  were  conducted  to 
Kennebeck  by  Major  Goodwin,  where  they  began  a  settlement 
upon  a  commodious  neck  of  land  opposite  to  Richmond,  and 
almost  thirty  miles  from  the  ocean. 

"  But  before  they  could  enter  upon  their  voyage  to  the  East 
ward  winter  came  on  with  uncommon  severity,  and  it  was 
with  extreme  difficulty  they  reached  Fort  Richmond,  about  the 
beginning  of  March,  1752.  In  order  to  secure  the  inhabitants 
of  this  new  plantation,  called  Frankfort,  from  any  disturb 
ance,  the  Plymouth  Company  agreed  to  erect  a  fort  about 
one  mile  and  a  quarter  above  Richmond  on  the  eastern 
shore,  near  a  famous  carrying  place  from  the  Kennebeck  into 


NOTES.  249 

Mundooscotoock,  or  Eastern  River.  This  fortification  was 
named  Fort  Shirley,  in  honour  of  the  Governor;  a  wall  of 
palisadoes  enclosed  a  square  of  two  hundred  feet,  two  strong 
block  houses,  mounted  with  cannon  were  erected  at  opposite 
angles,  and  several  barracks,  for  the  reception  of  soldiers." 

Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  states  in  a  communication  to  the  Boston 
Evening  Post,  November  4th,  1773,  that  it  had  been  asserted 
"that  the  first  settlers  of  West  Pownalboro'  emigrated  from 
Franckfort,  in  Germany,  but  upon  enquiry  it  appears  that  not 
a  single  family  came  either  from  that  city  or  its  jurisdiction. 
It  is  true  that  six  or  seven  families,  chiefly  of  French  Protest 
ants,  who  had  been  expelled  France  for  their  religion,  issued 
from  the  neighbouring  territories;  several  other  Dutch  Luther 
ans  were  collected  from  the  different  parts  of  the  Empire,  to 
which  we  may  add  a  number  of  families  from  about  Mount 
Billiard,  who  speak  a  dialect  of  the  French." 

The  following,  extracted  from  Hawkins's  "  Missions  of  the 
Church  of  England,"  p.  356,  is  inserted  here  to  show  that 
emigrations  from  the  same  part  of  Europe  just  mentioned, 
were  going  on  to  other  parts  of  the  British  American  Colonies, 
and  also  that  these  emigrants  readily  conformed  to  the  Church 
of  England.  "  In  1752,  Mr.  Moreau"  (a  Missionary  at  Halifax, 
N.  S.)  "reported  that  500  Protestants  of  the  Confession  of 
Augsburgh,  recently  arrived  in  Nova  Scotia  from  Montbelliard, 
had  joined  thmselves  to  the  Church  of  England,  and  desired 
to  partake  of  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  They 
received  copies  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  in  French, 
with  the  greatest  satisfaction,  which  they  showed  by  kissing 
the  books  and  Mr.  Morcau's  hand  as  he  distributed  them." 


NOTE  D. 

[Page  77.] 

It  seems  proper  to  record  such  information  as  is  preserved, 
concerning  the  first  Church  Missionary  that  officiated  east  of 
Casco,  (now  Portland.) 
32 


250  NOTES. 

Of  the  time  or  place  of  his  birth,  we  have  no  knowledge, 
nor  do  we  know  where  he  received  his  education. 

The  first  notice  we  have  of  him,  is  in  the  very  laborious  and 
correct  edition  of  Smith's  Journal,  by  Wm.  Willis,  Esq.,  of 
Portland,  Maine.  Mr.  Willis  says,  on  page  83,  Note  1 :  "In 
November,  (1736)  the  Presbyterian  party  of  the  Irish  emigrants 
in  Portland,  installed  Rev.  William  McClanethan,  a  staunch 
supporter  of  that  persuasion  from  the  North  of  Ireland  ;  but 
they  were  unable  to  support  him,  and  he  went  to  Georgetown 
and  Brunswick  and  finally  to  Chelsea" 

The  following  is  copied  from  General  Sewall's  History  of 
Bath,  published  in  collections  of  Maine  Historical  Society, 
Vol.  ii.  p.  220.  s.  "The  Church  first  established  in  the 
County  of  Lincoln,  was  at  Georgetown.  The  members  were 
Presbyterians.  In  1734,*  Rev.  William  McLanathan  was  or 
dained  as  an  evangelist,  and  officiated  there  until  1774.  The 
house  of  worship  was  near  the  Mansion  house  of  the  late 
Major  Lithgow  where  Mr.  McLanathan  usually  officiated,! 
but  whether  Mr.  McLanathan  had  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church,  we  are  not  informed."  Divisions  arose  and  two  so 
cieties  were  established.  The  Pastor  of  the  second  Society, 
having  left  1he  place,  Mr.  Mac  Lanathan  officiated  for  both 
Societies  one  year,  on  a  salary  of  £200. 

In  the  Church  Records  of  Chelsea,  Mass,  is  the  following: 
"  Octo.  19^/i,  1747.  Voted,  that  the  town's  Committee  be 
desired  to  request  and  agree  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  William  Me. 
Clenachan  to  preach  for  the  further  term  of  two  months  on 
probation." 

On  the  13th  of  April,  1748,  "  Mr.  Me  Clenachan  was  chosen, 
by  a  great  majority,  Colleague  with  the  Rev.  Thomas  Cheever," 
Pastor  of  the  Congregational  Society  in  the  above-named 
town.  It  is  afterwards  stated  in  the  same  Records  that  the 


*This  date  cannot  be  reconciled  with  the  one  previously  given,  1735.  The  latter 
however,  must  be  correct,  as  it  occurs  in  a  journal  of  daily  occurrences,  for  many  years 
kept  by  Rev.  Thomas  Sn.ith,  Pastor  of  the  first  Congregational  Parish  in  Portland. 

•j-  1  here  is  reason  to  think  that  this  building  was  not  erected  till  many  years  after 
wards,  and  then  for  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England.  Major  Lithgow's  house, 
•was  built  in  1766. 


NOTES.  251 

town  had  concurred  with  the  Church  in  the  above  choice  "by 
a  very  great  majority."  In  the  letter  prepared  to  be  sent  to 
the  Churches  invited  to  assist  in  the  installation  of  Mr.  Me.  C., 
he  is  spoken  of  as  "late  of  Blanford."  The  installation  took 
place  on  the  21st  December,  1748.  *  *  *  * 

"Dec.  18th,  1754.  The  Church  met  by  appointment.  Rev. 
Mr.  Me.  Clenachan  desired  the  Church  would  dismiss  him  from 
his  Pastoral  relation  to  this  Church,  and  insisted  thereon. 
Upon  which,  voted,  unanimously,  not  to  dismiss  him. 

"  Dec.  25th,  1754.  The  aforesaid  Mr.  Me.  Clenachan  having 
dissolved  his  relation  to  this  Church,  by  leaving  them  contrary 
to  the  above  vote,  was  received,  confirmed,*  and  partook  of 
the  Lord's  Supper  under  the  establishment  of  the  Church  of 
England,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  Cutler."  f 

On  the  21?t  March,  1755,  Mr.  Maclenachan  was  appointed 
by  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts, 
as  their  Missionary  to  the  "  Eastern  Frontier  of  Massachusetts 
Bay,"  and  his  salary  commenced  from  the  Christmas  preced 
ing.  He  must  have  been  in  London  previous  to  the  former 
date,  and  have  taken  Orders  in  the  Church  of  England.  He 
did  not,  however,  embark  for  America  till  August  of  that  year. 
He  landed  in  Boston,  October  10th  of  that  year,  and  remained 
there  during  the  following  winter,  assigning  as  a  reason  for 
this  course  that  he  did  not  think  it  safe  to  carry  his  family,  on 
the  eve  of  winter,  to  the  place  of  his  Mission,  where  no  house 
was  provided  for  them.  However,  in  May,  1756,  he  removed 
to  Fort  Richmond,  using  this  ruinous  structure,  a  part  of  the 
time  at  least,  as  an  habitation. 

"  The  Society  (P.  G.)  on  complaint  of  his  delays,  had 
stopped  his  salary:  but  on  his  writing  from  his  Mission,  prom 
ising  diligence  and  expressing  his  hope  to  be  continued,  they 
restored  it  December  1756.  And  on  his  requesting,  in  June 
and  October,  1758,  to  be  removed,  the  Society  ordered  him 
£10  each  time  as  an  encouragement,  fearing  from  his  repre- 


*  It  can  hardly  be  necessary  to  remind  the  intelligent  reader  that  this  is  a  mistake. 
As  there  was  no  Protestant  Bishop  in  America  until  after  the  Revolution,  of  course 
confirmation  could  not  be  administered. 

f  Rector  of  Christ's  Church,  Boston,  Mass. 


252  NOTES. 

sentations  that  a  successor  of  sufficient  resolution  and  activity 
could  not  easily  be  got."  The  people  of  Frankfort  stated  that 
he  did  not  stay  with  them  but  till  Dec.  1758.*  He  first  went 
to  Virginia,  then  to  Philadelphia,  "from  which  city  he  sent, 
June  22d,  1759,  his  first  notification  to  the  Society  of  his 
resigning  his  Mission ;  and  desired  to  have  his  salary  paid  till 
midsummer,  alleging  that  it  wanted  but  two  days  of  the  time. 
This  the  Society  granted  of  course:  not  suspecting  that  he 
had  left  the  place  of  his  Mission  six  months  before,  which  he 
ought  fairly  to  have  told  them.  And  thus  he  received  his 
salary  for  four  years  and  a  half,  besides  gratuities  of  .£20,  and 
were  but  two  years  and  a  half  upon  his  post." 

Mr.  Maclenachan  thus  left  his  Mission  on  the  Kennebec  with 
out  the  usual  notification  to  the  Society  of  such  an  intention, 
and  accepted  an  invitation  to  some  church  in  Virginia,  but 
omitted  to  go  there,  "  though  he  had  received  such  marks  of 
favour,  that  he  ought  to  think  himself  obliged  to  serve  them." 

Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Philadelphia,  the  Vestry  of 
Christ  Church  in  that  city,  chose  him  assistant  to  the  Rector, 
Rev.  Dr.  Jenney. 

There  being  already  one  assistant  in  that  Church,  and  one 
previously  recommended  as  the  second,  the  Rector  declined  to 
sign  the  application  for  a  license  to  Mr.  McL.  and  signified  to 
the  Bishop  of  London  that  he  disapproved  of  the  candidate. 

In  answer  to  a  letter  of  the  Vestry  of  Christ  Church,  the 
Bishop  of  London  wrote,  March  26th,  1760,  refusing  to  give 
Mr.  McL.  the  license  desired,  for  the  reasons  stated,  whereupon, 
an  application  was  made  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  to 
obtain  from  him  what  had  been  desired.  This  was  accompa 
nied  by  a  letter  in  Mr.  McL's  favor,  from  18  Presbyterian  Min 
isters,  convened  in  Philadelphia!  To  these  documents,  His 
Grace  replied  at  some  length  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  McL.,  under 
date  of  October  9th,  1760, 

In  this  letter  he  points  out,  (among  other  things,)  the  ex- 


*  "  Mr.  Mac  Clenachan  officiated  among  us  but  a  little  while,  viz. :  from  Ma)%  1756, 
to  Dec.  1758."—  Copy  of  a  Petition  to  the  Society  P.  G,,  among  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey's 
Paper's. 


NOTES.  253 

treme  indelicacy  of  applying  to  him  in  a  matter  which  was 
entirely  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  and 
mildly,  yet  severely  rebukes  Mr.  McL.  for  his  conduct.  The 
Archbishop  says:  "ought  it  not  to  give  you  a  further  distrust 
of  your  proceedings,  that  no  one  Clergyman  of  the  Church  of 
England  in  America,  hath  declared  himself  to  approve  them  : 
and  that  the  Convention  of  Clergymen  which  met  at  Philadel 
phia  last  May,  have  strongly  expressed  their  disapprobation  of 
your  behaviour  both  in  that  Convention  and  out  of  it ;  and 
have  signified  that  they  would  not  suffer  you  to  preach  in  any 
of  their  pulpits?" 

Mr.  Maclenachan  stated,  in  his  letter  to  the  Archbishop, 
"  that  he  had  been  favoured  with  the  occasional  use  of  the 
State  House  in  which  to  officiate,  and  was  followed  by  a  mul 
titude  of  people  of  all  denominations."  Mr.  Maclenachan  is 
also  said  to  have  been  the  founder  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  probably  removed  shortly  after  to  New  Jer 
sey,  for  in  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Colin  Campbell,  December 
26th,  1761,  he  laments  "  that  his  congregation  at  Mount  Holly, 
which  was  very  flourishing,  has  been  hurt  by  some  enthusias- 
tical  people  of  Mr.  Maclenaghan's  party,  who  pretend  that  Mr. 
Maclenaghan  is  the  only  preacher  of  Christ  in  America,  and 
all  the  rest  are  Antinomians."  But  from  another  letter,  writ 
ten  about  six  months  after,  by  Mr.  Campbell,  it  appears  that 
these  people  were  "  reduced  to  a  sense  of  their  sin  in  a  cause 
less  separation,  and  are  returning  daily  to  their  proper  fold." 

The  authorities  for  the  statements  in  the  first  part  of  this 
Note  have  been  given.  For  the  facts  in  the  history  of  Mr. 
Maclenachan,  after  his  ordination  in  the  Church  of  England, 
and  for  some  of  the  language  used  in  narrating  them,  I  am 
indebted  to  a  letter  of  Archbishop  Seeker,  published  in  the 
«  True  Catholic,"  No.  LXIL,  p.  80,  s.  s.,  and  No.  LXIIL,  p. 
129,  s.  s. ;  also  to  Rev.  Dr.  Dorr's  "  History  of  Christ  Church, 
Philadelphia,"  p.  119,  120,  122,  and  Bishop  Doane's  "  Sermon 
at  the  Consecration  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Burlington,  N.  J.," 
Dec.  23d,  1834,  p.  15,  Note  *. 

That  Mr.  Maclenachan  was  a  man  of  an  ardent  temperament 
is  sufficiently  obvious  from  the  above  sketch.  His  uncommon 


254  NOTES. 

powers  of  pulpit  oratory,  testified  by  his  admirers  and  those 
who  bore  witness  to  the  crowds  who  followed  him,  are  also 
acknowledged  in  the  traditions  remaining  of  him  in  the  town 
of  Chelsea,  where  he  passed  six  years.  But  these  traditions 
are  unfavorable  to  him  in  other  respects.  The  writer  has  been 
assured  by  an  aged  and  intelligent  resident  of  that  place,  that 
when  he  was  a  boy  it  was  said  by  the  old  people  of  the  town, 
"  that  when  Mr.  Maclenachan  was  in  the  pulpit  he  ought 
never  to  come  out  of  it,  and  when  he  was  out  of  the  pulpit  he 
ought  never  to  go  into  it."  The  same  person  also  stated  that 
Mr.  Maclenachan  occasionally  indulged  in  the  excessive  use 
of  ardent  spirits.  Mr.  Maclenachan  had  been  settled  as  the 
colleague  of  Rev.  Thomas  Cheever.  Mr.  Cheever  died  at  an 
advanced  age  in  less  than  two  years  after  this  settlement.  As 
he  felt  called  upon  in  the  last  days  of  his  life  to  join  with 
others  in  "  a  petition  to  the  General  Court  that  they  might  be 
erected  into  a  new  Parish,"*  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  the  con 
duct  of  Mr.  Maclenachan,  even  during  the  early  years  of  his 
ministry  in  Chelsea,  must  have  been  very  objectionable  to  the 
venerable  pastor  and  some  of  his  Christian  brethren.  We 
know  not  what  induced  Rev.  Dr.  Cutler  to  receive  Mr.  Mac 
lenachan  among  his  communicants.  He,  however,  must  after 
wards  have  regretted  his  agency  in  promoting  the  change  of 
Mr.  Maclenachan's  religious  relations.  Nor  was  the  time  of 
experiencing  this  regret  deferred  till  the  troubles  in  Philadel 
phia,  occasioned  by  him  in  whom  he  had  taken  such  an  inter 
est.  For  the  Archbishop,  in  the  letter  to  Mr.  Maclenachan 
which  has  been  spoken  of,  states  that  it  "  hath  been  reported 
that  you  had  hired  a  house  in  Boston  for  a  year,  and  that  you 
attempted  to  procure  a  settlement  in  Dr.  Cutler's  Church  till 
you  were  forbidden  his  pulpit."  Mr.  Maclenachan  seems  to 
have  deliberately  deceived  his  patrons  in  England,  by  obtain 
ing  from  them  a  salary  for  a  time  in  which  no  services  were 
rendered.  The  influence  of  a  clergyman  of  such  a  character, 
could  not  have  been  beneficial  to  any  congregation,  and  while 
his  residence  on  the  Kennebec  must  have  been  irksome  to  his 

*  Chelsea  Town  Records,  Dec.  18th,  1749. 


NOTES.  255 

pride,  it  may  fairly  be  presumed  that  he  did  little  to  recom 
mend  the  communion,  of  which  he  was  a  minister,  to  the  peo 
ple  of  his  charge,  or  to  promote  the  progress  of  morality  and 
religion. 


NOTE    DA. 

[Page  78.] 

Ill  the  following,  copied  from  an  Almanac  for  1764,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  usual  way  of  travel  in  the  region  of  the  Ken- 
nebec  was  as  stated  in  the  text.  "  Long  Reach,"  there  named, 
is  the  present  city  of  Bath,  or,  more  strictly,  that  portion  of 
the  Kennebec  River  which  passes  in  front  of  that  city.  The 
traveller  could  pursue  his  journey  on  land  till  he  reached  that 
place,  when,  if  he  wished  to  go  further,  he  must  take  a  water 
conveyance.  The  extract  will  also  prove  interesting,  it  is 
trusted,  as  enabling  the  reader  to  compare  the  way  of  travel 
ling  into  Maine  a  century  since  with  that  which  now  exists. 
At  the  present  time  a  large  steamboat  leaves  Boston  for  the 
Kennebec  twice  every  week  in  the  summer,  while  a  railroad 
conveyance  is  afforded  twice  every  day  to  the  same  region. 

ROAD  FROM  BOSTON  EASTWARD. 

Lynn  —  Norwood,  ......  7   |  --  ,  Ring-,     .......  6 

Salem—  Pratt,   .......  8£  Falmouth—  Freeman,  .....  8 

Weriham  —  Porter,      .....  6    j  New  Casco  —  Butman,       ....  8 

Ipswich—  Tread  well,       ....  6£  |  North  Yarmouth—  Mitchell,       .     .  7 

Newbury  Bridge—  Hale,     .     .     .  7k  \     "            "        —Woods,  Coffin,  .  6 

Newbury  —  Davenport,  Choate,     .  4£  Brunswick  —  Ross,  ......  10 

Hampton  Falls  —  Sanborn,  .     .     .  7   l  -  ,  Thompson,      .....  4 

Greenland  —  Clark,     .....  9£  !  Georgetown  —  Springer,    ....  8 

Portsmouth—  Stoodley,  Foss,  .    .  •  5£          , 

*.  ,  v  ,   T    ,  LONG  REACH,  BY  WATER,  TO 

Old  York  —  Ingraharn,     ....     9    1 

Wells-Littlefield,     .....  14    j  P°wnalborough-Lovejoy,    ...  15 

-  ,Storer,       ......    2    !Fort  Weste™,     .......  16 

Kennebunk—  Kimball,    ....     5     Port  Hallfax>       .......  17 


Arundell-Patten,      .....     2    Iiore  wal,     .......  27 

Biddeford-Ladd,       .....     7    |  Great  Carrying  Place,      .     .     .     .  30 

Scarborough-Milliken,.     ...     8   s  Chaudiere,  Quebec. 


256  NOTES. 

NOTE   E. 

[Page  79.] 

Petition   to    the    Society   for    Propagating   the    Gospel   in 
Foreign  Parts: — 

"REVEREND  SIR: — We,  the  inhabitants  of  Franckfort  on  the 
Kennebeck  River,  beg  leave  to  express  our  acknowledgments 
of  the  Society's  goodness  in  sending  a  Missionary  to  this  truly 
necessitous  place,  without  the  assistance  of  whose  compassion 
we  and  our  posterity  are  in  danger  of  losing  all  sense  of  religion, 
or  else  of  being  seduced  by  Popish  Missionaries,  who  not  only 
have   been  industrious  heretofore  in  these  parts  in  seducing 
His   Majesty's    subjects  and  settlers  upon  this  Frontier,  but 
probably  upon  a  peace  will  revive  their  attempts.     We  there 
fore  humbly  pray  the  Society  will  be  pleased  to  supply  this 
Mission  now  vacant  by  the  removal  of  the  Reverend  Mr.  Me. 
Clennachan,  who  indeed  officiated  among  us  but  a  little  while, 
viz.,  from  May,  1756  to  December,  1758,  though  we  did  every 
thing  in  our  power  to  make  his  continuance  easy.     We  are 
indeed  very  poor,  being  a  frontier  settlement,  hitherto  prevented 
from  cultivating  our  lands  to   advantage  by  being  exposed  to 
the  incursions  of  a  barbarous  enemy,  yet  we  shall  continue  to 
provide  for  a  minister  to  the  utmost  of  our  ability  if  the  Ven 
erable  Society  will  please  to  send  us  one.     Particularly  we 
shall  contribute  at  least  as  much  as  we  have  heretofore  done, 
which,  including  the  cultivated  land  and  estate  put  into  our 
former  Minister's  possession,  was  not  less  than  twenty  Xstlg. 
per  annum.     We  have  a  glebe  of  two  hundred  acres  of  good 
land,  and  as  soon  as  we  enjoy  the  blessings  of  peace  we  prom 
ise  to  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  house,  and  till  that  happy 
time  comes  we  can  have  Richmond  fort  for  a  mansion  house 
for  the  Minister,  and  the  chapel  belonging  to  the  garrison  for  a 
church,  and  the  farm  round  the  fort  for  a  glebe,  which  is  already 
under  cultivation  and  very  valuable.    We  hear  one  Mr.  Bailey, 
a  sober,  prudent  and  well  disposed  young  man,  is  willing  to 
undertake  this  Mission,  and  with  the  approbation  of  the  Rev. 
Clergy  of  Boston  will  proceed  to  England  for  Holy   Orders, 


NOTES. 


257 


and  offers  himself  to  this  service.  We  pray  the  Society  will 
favour  this  motion,  as  the  gentleman,  by  what  we  can  hear  of 
him,  will  be  likely  to  continue,  and  perhaps  spend  his  days 
among  us. 

Humbly  hoping  the  Society's  indulgence  to  this  our  request, 
we  beg  leave  to  subscribe  ourselves,  Rev.  Sir, 

Your  very  distressed,  tho'  most  obliged 

and  obedient  servants, 
FRANKFORT  ON  KENNEBECK  RIVER,  ) 
Nov.  24,  1759.      j 
A  true  copy. 

Timothy  Whiden. 

his 
Martin  X  Haley. 

mark. 

Abraham  Wyman. 
Samuel  Marson. 
Stephen  Marson. 
Simon  Wyman. 
Elias  Cheney. 
Abner  Marson. 
Samuel  Hinds. 
Mauris  Wheeler. 


his 
Mark  X  Carney. 

mark. 

William  Storey. 
Abiathar  Kendall. 
Jonathan  Bryant. 
Francis  Ridall. 
Samuel  Oldham. 

his 

Dennis  X  Loins, 
mark. 

his 
Wm.XMoor. 

mark. 

James  Goud. 
Jacques  Bunyon. 
Peter  Pechin. 
Frederick  Pechin. 
George  Pochard. 
Christopher  Pochard. 

33 


Abraham  Pochard. 
Adam  Couch. 
Amos  Paris. 
John  Paris. 
Obadiah  Call. 
James  Widden,  Jr. 
Lazarus  Noble. 
David  Thomas. 

his 
Joseph  X  McFarling. 

mark. 

Benj.  Noble. 
Daniel  Goodwin. 
James  Wyman. 
John  Henry  Layer. 
John  Peter  Shoul. 
John  Heron. 
John  George  Goud. 
Charles  Estinay  Houdlet. 
George  Goud. 
Daniel  Goud. 
Frederick  Jacqueen. 
Ludovicus  Cassimire  Mayer. 
Philip  Mayer. 
George  Mayer. 
John  McGown. 
Michael  Stilphen. 
Thomas  Low. 
John  Andrews. 
Daniel  Malbone. 
John  Pochard. 
Philip  Fought. 


258  NOTES. 

NOTE   F. 

[Page  80.] 

The  family  of  Mrs.  Bailey  were  among  the  first  in  social 
rank  in  the  then  Province  of  New  Hampshire.  Her  father 
was  a  physician,  and  also  a  colonel.  At  that  day  professional 
men  were  regarded  with  a  degree  of  esteem  and  respect  which 
has  now  to  a  great  extent  diminished  and  military  office  brought 
an  extensive  influence.  Besides  being  the  daughter  of  a  gen 
tleman  so  favored  by  position,  the  family  of  Mrs.  Bailey,  on 
the  mother's  side,  consisted  of  individuals  who  became  exten 
sively  known,  or  whose  descendants  performed  important  parts 
in  the  history  of  their  country.  It  is  thought  proper  by  the 
writer  to  add  the  genealogy.  He  is  indebted  for  it  to  J.  Win- 
gate  Thornton,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  a  descendant,  who  has 
prepared  a  very  full  and  accurate  genealogy  of  the  Wingate 
family,  which  must  be  highly  interesting  to  all  persons  of  that 
name,  or  who  are  in  any  way  connected  with  that  family. 

JOSHUA  WINGATE,  born  at  Hampton,  N.  H.,  Feb.  2d,  1669; 
married  Nov.  9th,  1702,*  Mary  Lunt,  of  Newbury,  Mass.  (He 
commanded  a  company  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg,  C.  B.,  and 
was  afterwards  for  several  years  Colonel  of  Hampton  Regi 
ment  of  Militia.  Died,  Feb.  6th,  1769.) 

Children. 

1.  Rev.  Paine  Wingate,  m.  Mary  Balch.     Harvard  College 
1759 ;  afterwards  U.  S.  Senator,  and  Judge  of  Superior  Court 
of  New  Hampshire.     Died  in  1838. 

2.  Sarah,  m.  Dr.  Edmund  Tappan,  of  Hampton,  N.  H. 

3.  Mary,  m.  Deacon  Timothy  Pickering,  of  Salem,  Mass., 
father  of  Hon.  Timothy  Pickering,  grandfather  of  Hon.  John 
Pickering,    the    distinguished    Lexicographer    and    Oriental 
scholar. 

4.  Joshua,  m.  Dorothy  Frees. 

5.  Jane,  m.  Rev.  Stephen  Chase,f  of  New  Castle,  N.  H. 


*  Also  Coffin's  History  of  Newbury,  p.  321. 
f  Spoken  of  in  the  previous  Memoir,  p.  12. 


NOTES.  259 

6.  Abigail,  m.  John  Stickney. 

7.  Anna,  m. Marston,  of  Hampton,  N.  H. 

8.  Martha,  born   March  30.  1718,  m.  Dr.  John   Weeks,  of 
Hampton,  N.  H.,  Nov.  10,  1737. 

9.  Love,  m.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gookin,  of  Hampton,  N.  H. 

10.  Elizabeth,  m.  Dr.  John  Newman,  of  Newbury,  Mass. 

11.  John,  born  January  24,  1724-5;  Har.  Coll.  1744;  died 
at  Hampton,  N.  H.,  Sept.  4,  1812,  unmarried. 

(8.)   MARTHA  WINGATE  m.  Dr.  JOHN  WEEKS,  Hampton,  N.  H. 

Children. 

1.  Joshua    Wingate,  m.  Sarah    Treadwell.     Rector  of   St. 
Michael's  Church,  Marblehead,  Mass.,  &c.  &c. 

2.  Comfort,  m.  Dr.  Coffin  Moore. 

3.  Martha,  m.  Benjamin  Randall. 

4.  Mary,  m.  Adon  Nye.     2d  husband — Brackett. 

5.  SARAH,  m.  Rev.  JACOB  BAILEY. 

6.  John,  m. Brackett. 

7.  William,  m. Haynes. 

8.  Ward  Cotton. 

9.  Joanna,  m.  Folsom. 

10.  Abigail,  "  dyed  an  infant." 


NOTE    G. 

[Page  82.] 

From  the  following  letter,  it  would  seem  that  one  Episcopal 
Clergyman  at  least  penetrated  into  the  remote  and  uncultivat 
ed  region  of  the  Kennebec.  The  season  of  the  year  when 
this  clergyman  made  this  journey  is  generally  so  unpleasant, 
that  we  are  the  more  surprised  at  his  undertaking. 

«  April  21st,  1763, 
GEORGE  TOWN. 
"  REV'D  SIR: — The  Rev.  Mr.  Jas.  Dormer,  from  So.  Caro 
lina,  but  last  from  Portsmouth  and  Casco,  will  call  upon  you 


260  NOTES. 

in  a  few  Days.  A  Brother  Clergyman.  He  means  upon  the 
Establishment.  As  the  Winter  has  been  bad,  (and  conse 
quently  yr  Journey  hither,  almost,  if  not  Altogether  Impracti 
cable,)  He  will  officiate  in  his  Journey  at  Go.  Town,  which 
may  possibly  be  an  Alleviation  to  you,  &c.  He  will  proceed 
to  pay  his  compliments  to  you,  and  in  the  Interim 
Yr.  Unknown  Friend 

and  Brother  in  Christ, 

JAS.  DORMER. 

"  N.  B. — He  produces  Satisfactory  Credentials  to  ye  princi 
pal  People  here,  and  takes  not  a  Farthing  for  Services  Done. 
"  To  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  at  Poivnal  Borough." 


NOTE     H. 

.  [Page  104.] 

It  is  known  that  the  portion  of  the  Kennebec  Valley,  near 
Mr.  Bailey's  residence,  had,  in  former  years,  been  frequented 
more  or  less  by  Indians.  The  residence  of  the  Sachem,  Ken- 
nebis,  from  whom  the  river  is  supposed  to  have  derived  its 
name,  "  was  upon  Swan  Island,  in  a  delightful  situation ;  and 
that  of  Abbagadussett,  between  a  river  of  his  name  and  the 
Kennebeck,  upon  the  northern  borders  of  Merry  meeting  bay."  * 
Both  of  these  localities  are  within  six  miles  of  the  former  site 
of  the  Parsonage-house  in  Pownalborough.  In  the  present 
town  of  Pittston,  but  a  few  miles  further  in  another  direction, 
two  old  burying  grounds  have  been  discovered.  The  mode  of 
interring  the  bodies  found  in  these  places,  shows  conclusively 
that  they  were  Indians.! 

These  facts  are  mentioned  as  an  introduction  to  the  follow 
ing  extract  from  a  MS.  "  Geographical  description  and  Natu 
ral  History  of  the  Eastern  Country,"  written  by  the  subject  of 
this  Memoir: — 

"  On  the  Western  side  of  the  Kennebeck,  about  thirty-two 
miles  from  its  exit,  there  is  a  round  hill,  which  rises  above  the 

*  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  i.,  467.  Ibid.,  493. 


NOTES.  261 

surrounding  level  near  fifty  feet  perpendicular.  The  hill  is 
one  entire  pile  of  stones,  covered  with  herbage,  and  several 
stately  oaks,  which  make  a  fine  appearance  from  the  water. 
There  is  some  probability  that  it  was  erected  by  art,  and  what 
conduces  to  confirm  this  opinion  is  that  not  a  single  stone  is 
to  be  found  on  the  adjacent  plains.  It  is  a  noted  retreat  for 
serpents  and  other  vermin  ;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  two  hills 
of  a  similar  aspect,  and  the  same  materials,  may  be  seen  in 
Gardinerston,  about  three  miles  distant.  It  is  conjectured 
that  these  were  raised  by  the  natives  in  former  ages,  as  the 
monuments  of  some  distinguished  victory,  or  else  were  de 
signed  to  cover  the  bodies  of  some  mighty  heroes."  In  a 
letter  to  Rev.  Jeremy  Belknap,  D.  D.,  after  having  read  the  1st 
volume  of  American  Biography  by  that  writer,  Mr.  Bailey 
says :  "  I  had  for  more  than  twenty  years  been  making  collec 
tions  of  everything  curious  respecting  the  original  inhabi 
tants,  but  in  consequence  of  my  compulsory  emigration  from 
Kennebec,  I  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  most  of  my  papers.  * 
*  *  I  have  observed  near  the  river  Kennebec  some  appear 
ances  of  Indian  antiquity."  He  there  describes  the  hills  before 
mentioned  nearly  in  the  terms  used  in  his  MS.  "  Geographical 
description."  The  additional  particulars  are,  that  this  hill  was 
"  about  forty  rods  from  the  river,"  was  "  nearly  of  a  circular 
form,  and  its  base  may  occupy  half  an  acre,"  and  that  "the 
stones  of  which  it  is  composed  resemble  the  stones  on  the 
beaches  of  the  river."  He  continues :  "  In  Pownalborough, 
half  a  mile  from  the  river  Kennebeck,  I  enclosed  three  acres 
for  a  garden,  in  a  situation  rude,  rocky,  and  broken,  beyond 
expression.  There  was,  however,  a  spot  containing  about  half 
an  acre,  which  had  been  cleared  of  stones  at  some  distant  pe 
riod;  they  had  been  thrown  together  on  each  side,  and  growing 
in  these  heaps  were  found  hemlock  trees  of  an  enormous  size." 


262  NOTES. 


NOTE    I. 

[Page  110.] 

An  expedition  of  eleven  hundred  men  under  Col.  Benedict 
Arnold  had  been  detached  by  Gen.  Washington  from  the 
army  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  to  enter  Canada  by  the  way  of 
the  Kennebec  and  Chaudiere  Rivers,  through  the  wilderness  of 
Maine.  That  detachment  in  a  number  of  small  vessels  entered 
the  former  river  on  the  20th  September,  1775,  and  the  same 
evening  came  to  anchor  opposite  the  fort  in  Pownalborough. 
About  eight  miles  higher  up,  the  transports  in  which  the  troops 
came  were  abandoned  for  batteaux,  which  had  been  built  for 
them  by  Maj.  Reuben  Colbourn.  Most  of  this  army  remained 
a  number  of  days  at  Fort  Western,  in  the  present  town  of 
Augusta,  before  commencing  their  fatiguing  and  dangerous 
journey.  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal  for  September  of  this  year  is 
in  existence.  Entries  are  made  against  every  day  to  Sunday 
17th,  inclusive,  when  it  seems  that  he  had  a  congregation  of 
72  persons.  The  remaining  week  is  left  blank.  On  Sunday, 
24th,  60  persons  attended  Divine  Service.  The  following 
week  is  also  left  blank.  The  Journal  of  the  next  month  is  as 
full  as  usual.  In  a  MS.  History  of  the  Eastern  Country,  Mr. 
Bailey  gives  a  tolerably  full  account  of  Arnold's  expedition 
after  the  arrival  of  the  soldiers  in  Kennebec,  but  his  statements 
do  not  vary  much  from  other  narratives.  As  blanks  are  left 
in  his  Journal,  as  above  noted,  on  the  days  when  the  troops 
were  in  his  neighborhood,  he  probably  absented  himself  from 
his  house,  and  his  information  must  have  been  derived  from 
other  persons. 

In  the  "History"  above-named,  Mr.  Bailey  says,  just  before 
giving  the  account  of  the  expedition  against  Canada:  "It  was 
not  long  before  that  party  of  Norridgewocks,  which  Colbourn 
had  allured  to  the  army,  quitted  their  station  in  disgust  and 
returned  to  Kennebeck,  finding  more  satisfaction  in  ranging 
the  streams  and  the  forests  than  in  all  the  boasted  freedom  of 
Congresses  and  Continental  armies." 

This  contemporary  statement  confirms  an  account  given  to 
the  writer  of  the  present  Memoir  some  years  since,  by  one  of 


NOTES.  263 

the  oldest  settlers  in  Kennebec.  His  account  was  communi 
cated  to  S.  G.  Drake,  Esq.,  and  is  noticed  in  "The  Book  of 
the  Indians,"  Eighth  Edition,  Boston :  1841.  Book  iii.  p.  156. 


NOTE    J. 

[Page  117-1 

"  On  the  7th  of  October  another  special  court  was  convened 
at  Pownalboro'  for  the  trial  of  Tories,  when  Mr.  Jones  and 
eight  others  belonging  to  Vassalboro',  with  Mr  Blanchard, 
of  Woolwich,  were  brought  prisoners  before  the  above-men 
tioned  judges.  Mr.  Langdon  undertook  to  plead  in  favor  of 
the  criminals,  and  his  character  being  so  distinguished  in  the 
present  times,  the  court  readily  admitted  him  to  engage,  con 
ceiving  that  so  strenuous  an  advocate  for  American  measures 
could  offer  nothing  disagreeable  to  their  Honors. 

"  But  in  this  opinion  they  quickly  perceived  themselves  mis 
taken,  for  Langdon,  in  his  applications  to  the  jury,  discovered 
an  inclination  to  humanity  and  justice,  for  which  friendly 
exertions  he  received  a  most  severe  reprimand  both  from  Bow 
man  and  Arnold;  the  former  even  threatened  him  with  the 
lawless  vengeance  of  a  mob. 

"  The  first  person  admitted  to  trial  was  one  Mr.  Ballard 
against  whom  there  appeared  nothing  but  a  few  words  express 
ing  his  attachment  to  the  King  and  government,  under  which 
he  was  educated.  The  matter  being  debated  with  great 
solemnity  and  illnature  by  the  court,  it  was  at  length  commit 
ted  to  the  decision  of  the  jury,  as  an  affair  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  the  security  and  salvation  of  the  country.  The 
jury  would  have  presently  found  this  harmless  person  guilty 
of  treasonable  designs  against  the  American  States,  and  have 
sentenced  him  to  a  perpetual  expulsion  from  his  estate,  his 
family,  and  his  friends,  had  not  Mr.  John  Patten,  his  brother 
and  son  been  more  compassionate  than  the  rest.  This  worthy 
man  alleged  that  he  could  not,  without  offering  violence  to 
integrity  and  conscience,  consent  that  a  neighbour  should  be 
sent  several  thousand  miles  into  banishment  for  no  other  crime 
than  a  few  expressions  unfavourable  to  our  publick  proceed- 


264  NOTES. 

ings.  Both  parties  were,  however  determined  not  to  resign 
the  contest,  but  marked  the  altercation  with  mutual  obstinacy 
for  twenty-two  hours.  In  the  conclusion  they  presented  them 
selves  before  the  court  and  desired  their  interpretation  of  this 
question :  '  Is  speaking  a  few  exceptionable  words  counter 
acting  the  struggles  of  the  American  States  for  freedom?' 

o  oo 

"  The  judges  all  replied  that  every  inadvertent  word,  or  any 
expression  that  tended  to  censure  the  American  measures  was 
certainly  counteracting  them,  except  Justice  North,  who  added 
that  'even  thinking  or  conceiving  that  the  publick  administra 
tions  were  unjust  or  injurious,  was  evidently  a  crime  which  de 
served  the  severe  sentence  of  transportation.'  Such  stupid  and 
iniquitous  decisions  as  this  must  excite  the  indignation  of  every 
honest  man,  and  inspire  the  most  hearty  contempt  of  the  present 
government,  and  plainly  evinces  that  it  is  founded  in  absurdity 

and  cruelty.     These  explanations  of  the  law  gave  no 

satisfaction  to  the  Pattens,  but  rather  confirmed  them  in  their 
opinion.  The  elder  endeavouring  to  support  his  sentiments  by 
some  quotations  from  the  Gospel,  was  silenced  by  a  quick 
reply  from  Justice  Hobly:  'Sir,  we  have  nothing  to  do  with 
Scripture  in  this  place,  but  must  form  our  determinations 
agreeable  to  the  laws  of  the  state!'  The  judges,  perceiving 
that  they  had  not  a  jury  agreeable  to  their  designs,  dismissed 
the  court,  and  though  Mr.  Jones  and  the  other  prisoners  had 
been  at  great  expense  they  refused  to  admit  them  to  trial,  and 
in  conclusion,  bound  them  over  to  appear  on  the  4th  Novem 
ber,  keeping  them  during  the  interval  under  the  cruel  torments 
of  anxiety  and  suspense.  It  is  observable  that  when  Justice 
North  espied  the  Pattens  entering  the  court,  he  was  heard  to 
say,  '  We  shall  not  be  able  to  carry  our  point,  while  we  have 
such  inflexible  men  upon  the  jury,'  and  Mr.  Bowman  declared 
'  that  these  honest  men  shall  either  be  persecuted  by  the  mob, 
or  else  prosecuted  as  enemies  to  their  country.'  The  arbi 
trary  proceedings  of  these  magistrates  alarmed  several  consci 
entious  people,  who  perceived  themselves  obnoxious,  and  some 
to  avoid  their  unjust  and  merciless  tyranny,  abandoned  their 
habitations  and  families  and  fled  out  of  the  country  to  more 
distant  parts  of  the  Province. 


NOTES.  265 

"  Among  the  number  we  may  reckon  Mr.  John  Carlton,  of 
Woolwich,  who  had  been  cleared  by  an  unanimous  vote  of 
the  town,  but  was  pursued  by  a  warrant  from  these  inexorable 
and  avaricious  judges.  He  had  the  good  fortune  to  conceal 
himself  from  their  malicious  scrutiny,  till  the  season  of  perse 
cution  was  over. 

"  Mr.  Stinson,  of  the  same  district,  was  pursued  by  the  same 
virulent  combination,  but  arming  himself  to  resist  the  officer 
who  attempted  to  break  into  his  house  with  violence,  his  wife 
was'  so  terrified  at  the  commotion  that  she  fell  in  travail  and 
quickly  expired. 

[The  account  of  the  troubles  of  Rev.  .1.  Bailey  at  this  time, 
is  inserted  in  the  Memoir,  pp.  117-119.] 

"  On  the  seventh  of  November  a  third  Tory  Court  was  held 
at  Pownalborough,  but  no  jury  appearing,  the  magistrates  were 
obliged  to  adjourn  to  the  sixteenth  of  December.  The  town 
of  Vassalborough,  in  the  meantime  being  touched  with  a  little 
compassion,  reconsidered  their  votes  and  excluded  Mr.  Ballard, 
the  Moors,  and  the  Towns  from  further  trial,  on  condition  of 
their  defraying  all  former  expenses,  which  amounted  to  one 
hundred  dollars  apiece. 

"  No  evidence  at  all  appeared  against  Mr.  Blanchard,  and, 
when  the  sixteenth  of  December  arrived,  the  day  appointed 
for  the  trial,  as  Justice  Howard  was  attempting  to  begin  his 
journey  from  Fort  Western,  he  encountered  a  terrible  fall  upon 
the  ice,  by  which  accident  he  was  so  wounded,  that  his  attend 
ance  at  Court  was  prevented,  and  there  being  no  other  of  the 
Quorum  to  supply  his  place,  Court  was  adjourned  without 
day,  and  as  the  *  Transportation  Act'  expired  on  the  first  of 
January,  nothing  further  could  be  attempted  with  respect  to 
Mr.  Jones. 

"In  the  beginning  of  winter  our  persecuting  rebels  were 
engaged  in  another  employment,  which  for  a  season  engaged 
their  whole  attention.  Capt.  Callahan,  being  driven  away  by 
their  unjust  and  cruel  persecutions,  they  determined  to  take 
advantage  of  an  obscure  act  of  the  present  government  to 
seize  his  estate.  The  act  upon  which  they  proceeded  was 
expressly  confined  to  such  persons  as  had  absconded  and  left 
34 


266  NOTES. 

the  country  in  debt;  but  Callahan,  before  his  departure,  had 
taken  care  to  settle  all  his  affairs,  and  there  was  not  a  single 
person  who  had  any  demand  upon  his  estate.  Bowman,  how 
ever,  as  Judge  of  Probate,  proceeded  to  administer,  having 
first  taken  every  method,  both  by  himself  and  his  creatures,  to 
irritate  Mrs.  Callahan.  Some  of  the  messages  which  were 
sent  to  this  worthy  woman  were  not  only  highly  illiberal,  but 
scandalously  low,  dirty  and  obscene.  No  gentleman  would 
chuse  to  treat  a  female  of  an  infamous  character  in  so  scandal 
ous  a  manner;  yet  this  man  is  considered  as  an  eminent  magis 
trate,  and  would  be  offended  if  represented  otherwise  than 
really  genteel  and  polite.  But  how  such  conduct  can  be  recon 
ciled  with  the  profession  of  Christianity  and  the  knowledge  of 
letters,  or  the  principles  of  humanity,  I  cannot  conceive.  Mrs. 
Callahan  was  summoned  into  a  Probate  Court,  where  Bow 
man  sat,  swelling  in  gloomy  solemnity,  surrounded  with 
accusers  and  other  dark  and  designing  instruments  of  his  in 
dignation.  Each  one,  by  his  language  and  appearance  had 
divested  himself  of  every  humane  and  tender  sentiment,  their 

principal  concern  was  to  display  a  savage  roughness  and , 

in  order  to  intimidate  people  and  worry  the  innocent  object  of 
their  depredations. 

"This  lady  was  required  by  the  Justice  to  render  in  an  ac 
count  upon  oath,  of  all  her  lands  and  effects,  but  she,  being 
properly  instructed  by  Taylor,  her  attorney,  refused  to  comply, 
upon  which  refusal,  Bowman  ordered  her  immediately  to  pris 
on  ;  she  then  appealed  from  his  sentence  to  the  Council  in 
Boston,  having  first  procured  sufficient  bondsmen  to  prosecute 
the  appeal:  but  notwithstanding  this  security,  the  Judge,  by 
his  sovereign  authority  proceeded  to  appoint  Justice  Thwing 
to  settle  the  estate.  The  latter,  having  received  his  commission, 
took  to  his  assistance  as  appraisers,  Samuel  Emerson,  a  pro 
fessed  enemy  to  Capt.  Callahan,  Richard  Kidder,  a  ductile 
tool  of  the  faction,  and  Philip  Call,  a  neighbour,  who  had  re 
ceived  repeated  favors  from  the  obnoxious  family.  These  men 
entered  upon  there  office  with  uncommon  alacrity,  and  were 
determined  to  exceed  both  law  and  justice,  as  well  as  human 
ity,  in  the  execution  of  their  trust.  They  seized  the  very  flax 


NOTES.  267 

which  Mrs.  Callahan  had  raised  and  dressed  with  her  own 
hands,  the  fowls  about  the  door,  and  even  a  canary  bird  and 
the  cage.  Such  a  mean  and  unmanly  littleness  distinguished 
all  the  proceedings  of  our  magistrates,  such  a  boyish  and  un 
generous  spirit  of  revenge  appeared  in  the  whole  of  Iheir  con 
duct,  as  must  render  their  memory  the  contempt  abhorrence 
of  all,  who  have  any  remainder  of  virtue  and  humanity  in 
their  composition.  Mrs.  Caiiahan  was  so  affected  with  their 
barbarous  treatment  that  she  could  not  endure  to  tarry  in  the 
country,  and,  in  order  that  she  might  have  it  in  her  power  to 
obtain  justice  from  the  General  Court,  she  set  out  for  Boston, 
a  journey  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles,  about 
Christmas,  the  snow  being  very  deep  and  the  weather  extremely 


NOTE    K. 

[Pages  128  and  178.] 

A  poem  of  some  forty  stanzas,  on  his  leaving  the  scene  of 
his  labors,  was  written  by  Mr.  Bailey,  probably  about  the 
time  when  that  event  occurred.  It  gives  a  tolerably  vivid  pic 
ture  of  the  scenery  near  his  residence,  and  enumerates  many 
pleasing  objects  which  owed  their  culture  to  his  own  industry. 

A  FAREWELL  TO  KENNEBECK, 
JUNE,  1779. 

Adieu,  ye  fair  domestick  scenes 

Of  balmy  sweets  and  flowery  greens 

And  yond'  aspiring  grove ; 
Farewell,  ye  smiling,  chearful  seats, 
Ye  solitary,  calm  retreats 

Of  innocence  and  love. 

No  more  your  gentle  beauties  rise, 
No  longer  to  my  wishing  eyes 
Their  pleasing  charms  impart; 


268  NOTES. 

Since  doom'd  in  foreign  lands  to  roam 
Far  distant  from  my  much  lov'd  home, 
With  anguish  at  my  heart. 


Again  my  mournful  song  pursue, 
These  grateful  objects  still  in  view, 

And  every  rising  scene  ; 
My  eye  with  pleasing  anguish  meets. 
This  artless  group  of  blended  sweets 

Array'd  in  virgin  green. 

When  first  the  blushing  morn  arose 
To  rouse  me  from  the  night's  repose 

My  cares  were  fixed  on  you ; 
With  rapid  haste  I  wandered  forth 
To  mark  the  progress  of  your  growth 

Amidst  the  glittering  dew. 

And  when  the  fair,  declining  day 
Darted  his  horizontal  ray 

To  stain  the  distant  hills, 
I  felt  the  gentle  vernal  breeze 
Rush  in  soft  murmurs  thro'  the  trees 

And  play  along  the  hills. 

Taught  here  to  wonder  and  adore 
The  wisdom,  goodness  and  the  power 

Which  in  these  beauties  shine, 
I  learned  my  glowing  heart  to  raise 
In  humble  gratitude  and  praise 

To  the  Great  Source  Divine. 

Adieu,  to  all  my  pleasing  toil ; 
No  more  to  smooth  the  rugged  soil 

I  spend  the  happy  hours; 
No  more  employ  my  hand  and  care 


NOTES.  269 


Along  the  winding  walk  to  rear 
The  tender,  smiling  flower. 

No  more  for  me  the  lovely  rose 
Her  open  blushing  charms  disclose, 

Nor  breathes  her  sweet  perfume ; 
I  now  renounce  my  boasted  skill 
To  plant  the  snowy  daffodil, 

Nor  teach  her  where  to  bloom. 

See  there  the  humble  crocus  bring 
The  earliest  tribute  of  the  spring 

Amidst  surrounding  snows ; 
And  there  the  columbine  is  seen 
In  richest  robes  of  cheerful  green 

Adorn'd  with  various  hues. 

Behold  that  parti  colour'd  bed 

Of  pinks,  their  grateful  odours  shed 

To  please  on  every  side ; 
The  spotted  lily  towers  on  high 
And  spreads  her  glories  to  the  sky 

In  fair,  majestic  pride. 

In  yonder  walk  let  us  survey 
The  opening  tulip,  proud  and  gay, 

In  naked  beauty  rise  ; 
Foe  to  the  shelter  of  a  shade, 
She  stretches  her  defenceless  head, 

Ting'd  with  unnumber'd  dies. 

See  there  reviving  to  the  sense, 
Emblem  of  infant  innocence, 

Pansies  of  different  hue  ; 
Here  maiden  violets  strike  the  sight, 
In  yellow,  or  the  purest  white, 

Or  dressed  in  heavenly  blue. 


270  NOTES. 

There  stands  the  bright  immortal  flower 
In  clumps  along  the  bending  shore 

Crown'd  with  a  silver  plume, 
Amidst  the  biting  frosts  and  snows, 
With  undiminish'd  lustre  glows, 

In  one  eternal  bloom. 

There  pushes  forward  into  view 
The  mighty  wonder  of  Peru 

Exulting  from  the  ground ; 
Blossoms  of  scarlet,  snow  and  gold 
Mix'd  with  their  gloomy  leaves  unfold 

And  spread  their  glories  round. 

Behold  a  plant  majestic  rise, 
Erect  and  tow'ring  to  the  skies, 

Shaggy  and  rough  to  sense, 
He  stares  with  round,  expanded  face 
Full  on  the  sun's  meridian  rays, 

Picture  of  impudence. 

The  poppies  here  in  rich  array 
The  boldest,  glaring  tints  display 

Of  summer's  glowing  pride ; 
The  radiant  aster,  soft  and  clear, 
The  latest  blossoms  of  the  year, 

From  me  their  splendours  hide. 

Ye  trees  which  'round  the  borders  stand, 
Planted  by  my  laborious  hand, 

And  nurs'd  with  fondest  care, 
I  view  the  swelling  fruit  which  grows 
In  clusters  on  your  pendant  boughs, 

Delicious,  rich,  and  rare. 

But  I,  by  stubborn  fate's  decree, 

Am  doom'd  your  grateful  shades  to  flee 


NOTES.  271 

With  sorrow  most  profound  ; 
Lo,  there  the  hostile  sons  of  war, 
With  fierce,  indignant  rage  prepare 

To  tear  you  from  the  ground. 

Ye  lofty  pines  that  tower  on  high, 
That  wave  and  threaten  in  the  sky, 

'Till  wintry  storms  descend, 
And  while  the  winds  tremendous  war 
In  all  the  rage  of  hostile  power, 

Before  the  tempest  bend. 

There  hemlocks  rear  their  lofty  head, 
And  wide  their  shaggy  branches  spread, 

In  gloomy  pride  abound  ; 
While  from  their  trunks  the  solemn  owl, 
Responsive  to  the  wolves'  grim  howl, 

Makes  all  the  woods  resound. 

With  reverent  awe  my  eyes  pursue 
That  ancient  oak  in  open  view 

Extending  wide  his  arms  ; 
With  thunders  oft  thou  didst  engage, 
And  stood  the  loud,  conflicting  rage 

Of  all  the  northern  storms. 

In  pensive  thought  I  often  rove 
Thro'  the  tall  forest  and  the  grove, 

When  vernal  beauties  rise  ; 
And  when  the  summer's  charms  decay 
I  then  your  trembling  leaves  survey, 

Stain'd  with  autumnal  dies. 

Teach  me,  ye  Muses,  to  describe 
The  wonders  of  the  winged  tribe 

And  sing  their  power  to  please, 
While  music  from  their  artless  throats 
In  tender,  wild  harmonious  notes 

Mix  with  the  whispering  breeze. 


272  NOTES. 

Adieu,  ye  plains  and  mossy. rocks, 
Frequented  by  the  browsing  flocks; 

And  yonder  distant  hills, 
Ye  fountains  clear  and  murmuring  floods, 
That  stream  along  the  dusky  woods, 

Or  fall  in  tinkling  rills. 

Ye  verdant  banks  of  Kennebeck, 

Which  numerous  plants  and  flowers  bedeck, 

Thou  great  majestick  stream, 
To  swell  whose  silent,  sullen  tide 
A  thousand  lesser  rivers  glide, 

No  more  my  favorite  theme. 

Oft  have  I  seen  thy  waters  pour, 
And  with  rough  horrors  foam  and  roar 

Adown  the  precipice, 
And  with  impetuous  fury  force 
Along  the  winding  shores  its  course 

To  mingle  with  the  seas. 

My  throbbing  heart  with  sorrow  glows 
And  feels  a  multitude  of  woes, 

When  thro'  yond'  shady  trees 
I  view  that  solemn  House  of  Prayer, 
And  at  the  sight  let  fall  a  tear 

My  anguish  to  appease. 

Rejoic'd  to  see  each  others  face, 
We  met  in  this  devoted  place 

To  learn  the  heavenly  way, 
Till  impious  and  insulting  foes 
With  mad,  envenom'd  zeal  arose 

Their  vengeance  to  display. 

Those  sturdy  sons,  who  never  fear 
The  hottest  wrath  of  Heaven  to  dare, 
Who  glory  in  their  shame, 


NOTES.  273 

Forbid  that  we  our  hearts  should  raise 
In  public  prayer  and  songs  of  praise 
To  the  Eternal  Name. 

I  feel  a  thousand  anxious  fears, 
And  oft  bewail  in  silent  tears 

My  friends'  unhappy  fate, 
Involv'd  in  scenes  of  deep  distress, 
Expos'd,  despairing  of  success, 

To  Whigs'  revengeful  hate. 

In  fervent  strains  I  must  implore 
The  smiles  of  that  propitious  Pow'r 

Who  pities  human  woes ; 
May  He  attend  your  plaintive  grief, 
Afford  protection  and  relief, 

And  bless  you  with  repose. 

O  Lord,  with  speedy  justice  rise 
And  frown  upon  these  enemies 

To  virtue's  sacred  name, 
But  save  the  honest  and  the  good, 
And  fill  the  sons  of  rage  and  blood 

With  penitence  and  shame. 

Once  more  with  heavy  parting  sighs 
We  roll  around  our  misty  eyes ; 

My  partner  calls  to  mind 
Her  babes  beneath  the  heaving  ground, 
And  mourns  and  weeps  with  grief  profound    . 

To  leave  their  dust  behind. 


NOTE    L: 

IPage  191.] 

The  name  of  Capt.  Henry  Mowat  is  still  disliked,  if  not 
detested,  by  many,  on  account  of  his  commanding  the  expe 
dition  which,  in  Oct.,  1775,  reduced  Falmouth,  now  Portland, 
35 


274  NOTES. 

to  ashes.  It  may  be  well  to  say,  in  passing,  that  Mr.  Bailey 
was  on  a  visit  at  that  place  at  the  time  it  was  burned,  and 
that  he  has  left  a  written  account  of  the  transaction,  which 
throws  a  fuller  light  upon  it  than  is  contained  in  the  published 
narratives,  as  it  relates  occurrences  that  were  either  unknown 
to,  or  suppressed  by,  those  who  have  heretofore  undertaken  to 
describe  it. 

Although  Capt.  Mowat  acted  upon  positive  orders  from 
Admiral  Graves,  in  burning  Falmouth,  yet  he  has  been  con 
demned  with  as  much  warmth,  as  if  he  merely  gratified  his 
own  private  antipathies. 

And  the  historian  of  Maine*  publishes  a  letter  written  by 
this  officer  to  the  people  of  the  place  doomed  to  destruction,  in 
which,  by  italicising  words,  he  evidently  wishes  the  reader  to 
notice  that  ignorance  was  a  characteristic  of  the  writer  as 
well  as  cruelty.  All  this  may  be  as  has  been  thus  represented. 
But  as  an  act  of  simple  justice  to  the  memory  of  Capt.  Mowat 
the  following  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  which  accompanied  the 
child  of  the  former,  is  here  inserted.  The  reader  may  be  as 
sured  that  it  is  copied  exactly  as  it  was  written.  Reminding 
him,  that  according  to  the  usage  of  that  time,  many  more  words 
began  with  capital  letters  than  at  present,  the  letter  is  submit 
ted  to  his  perusal,  that  he  may  decide  whether  or  not  is  it  the 
production  of  a  brutal  or  ignorant  man. 

«  HALIFAX  the  11th  Aug1.  1782. 

«  REvd.  SIR, 

I  have  for  some  time  been  in  expectation  of 

receiving  Your  answer  to  my  Letter  by  Mr.  Lovett  on  the 
Subject  of  my  Child;  but  having  been  given  to  understand  by 
him  and  other  friends  of  yours  that  I  may  assure  myself  of 
your  receiving  my  Boy,  I  have  at  last  determined  to  send  him, 
and  I  have  made  choice  of  his  going  by  water,  as  I  cannot 
accompany  him  myself  by  land — a  satisfaction  I  wished  much 
to  have  enjoyed,  and  what  I  have  had  in  view  for  a  long  while, 
but  being  now  within  a  few  days  of  leaving  this  for  York  in 
my  way  for  England,  will  prevent  me  the  pleasure  of  seeing 

*  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  ii.  435. 


NOTES.  275 

you  and  that  of  delivering  up  my  Dear  Child  into  your  care, 
which  I  now  do,  with  all  the  endearing  and  tender  feelings  of 
a  Father,  earnestly  requesting  you  to  receive  him  in  that  light. 
His  Aunt  accompanies  him  in  the  desire  of  seeing  him  safe 
with  you,  and  I  shall  leave  directions  with  Mr.  Thompson  (one 
of  his  Guardians)  to  pay  you  the  Charge  of  his  Yearly  Board 
and  Education :  every  other  necessary  will  be  sent  to  him  by 
Miss  Peak  and  other  friends,  whom  you  will  be  pleased  to 
correspond  with  in  my  absence.  I  have  sent  a  Black  Servant 
of  my  own  in  order  to  assist  you  in  the  care  of  him.  This  man 
has  been  mine  for  the  last  8  years,  and  I  hope  he  will  behave 
so  as  to  become  useful  to  you  as  well  as  the  child,  and  I  have 
laid  my  Commands  on  him  to  obey  you  the  same  as  myself, 
and  not  to  do  anything  or  move  from  your  House  without 
your  leave.  Whatever  Quarter  my  professional  Duty  may 
call  me  will  not  prevent  my  Corresponding  with  you,  and  I 
beg  you  will  write  often,  and  put  your  Letters  under  Cover  to 
Alexr.  Thompson,  Esqr.  at  Halifax,  and  he  will  forward  them 
to  James  Sykes,  Esqr.  Crutched  Friars,  London,  where  they 
will  be  taken  care  of.  The  indulgence  of  a  very  tender 
Mother  and  other  friends  over  the  Boy  I  am  fearful  may  occa 
sion  you  and  Mrs.  Bailey  more  trouble  before  he  forgets  it 
than  I  wish  he  should,  but  I  hope  in  time  his  natural  disposi 
tion  will  appear,  and  so  far  as  may  be  comprehended  from  his 
infant  years  I  am  in  hopes  he  will  not  give  more  than  what 
may  be  expected.  The  wind  coming  favourable  this  morning 
hurries  me  in  hopes  of  the  Vessels  getting  away.  My  respect 
ful  Compliments  wait  on  Mrs.  Bailey,  I  present  the  same  to 
you  and  am, 

Rev'd  Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient 

Humble  servant, 

H.  MOWAT. 
Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  Annapolis" 

It  should  be  stated  that  the  c'hirography  of  the  above  letter 
is  such  that  it  would  be  creditable  to  any  person. 


APPENDIX, 


ST.  JOHN'S   CHURCH,  POWNALBOROUGH. 

Of  those  who  may  have  been  interested  in  this  narrative, 
some,  doubtless,  will  be  desirous  to  learn  the  history  of  St. 
John's  Parish,  Pownalborough,  after  Mr.  Bailey's  departure. 
At  that  time  both  the  church  and  parsonage  were  standing. 
It  is  necessary  to  mention  this,  since  a  somewhat  different  im 
pression  has  prevailed.  Among  other  mis-statements  made  in 
a  newspaper  article  in  July,  1848,  is  the  following:  "Then 
they  "  (i.  e.  the  Whigs)  "  took  the  remedy  into  their  own  hands : 
they  demolished  the  church,  tore  down  the  priest's  house,  and 
drove  him  out  of  town."  An  exploit,  (which,  if  it  ever  hap 
pened,)  would  no  doubt  have  conferred  all  due  honor  on  the 
valiant  actors  in  it!  The  article  continues :  "  He  and  Episco 
pacy  never  appeared  there  afterwards." 

We  will  now  state  some  of  the  facts  in  the  case : — Nathan 
iel  Bailey,  brother  of  the  subject  of  this  Memoir,  removed  into 
the  parsonage  house  immediately  after  it  was  vacated  by  its 
former  tenants,  in  June,  1779,  and  remained  in  it  nearly  a  year. 
Major  Samuel  Goodwin  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  under  date  of 
Pownalborough,  June  9th,  1784.  This  letter  contained  a  sub 
scription  paper,  which  he  wished  Mr.  Bailey  to  circulate  in 
order  to  collect  funds  for  the  purpose  to  be  mentioned.  The 
paper  states,  that  "  after  Mr.  Bailey  went  away  some  persons 
began  to  take  the  windows  out  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownal 
borough,  and  did  carry  one  off,  so  we  were  obliged  to  take  all 
the  rest  down.  The  house  is  stripped  and  running  to  ruin. 


278  APPENDIX. 

If  not  repaired,  both  church  and  house  will  be  lost.  We 
being  a  frontier  town,  are,  by  the  late  wars,  reduced  so  low 
that  we  are  not  able  to  repair  them  without  the  charity  of  our 
good  friends  to  help  us."  The  same  person  also  wrote  to  Mr. 
Bailey,  October  5th,  1785 :  "  Our  church  is  all  going  to  pieces, 
the  roof  is  coming  down,  the  rafters  and  beams  broke  with 
heavy  snows  last  winter.  What  application  can  we  make  to 
Dr.  Seabury?  I  wrote  to  the  Rev.  Sam'l  Parker  for  advice 
last  year,  but  no  answer."  Under  date  of  June  7th,  1787, 
Major  Goodwin  writes:  "John  Sylvester  (John)  Gardiner 
reads  prayers  and  sermons  on  the  Lord's  day." 

This  appears  to  be  the  last  intelligence  concerning  Mr.  Bai 
ley's  Parish  on  the  Kennebec  during  his  life.  It  will  be  re 
membered  that  while  he  resided  there,  attempts  had  been 
made  at  more  than  one  time  to  establish  a  Congregational 
Society  in  that  part  of  the  town.  But  twenty-two  years 
elapsed  after  his  departure  before  this  measure  was  effected. 
A  meeting-house  for  this  denomination  was  built  about  a  mile 
distance  from  the  site. of  St.  John's  Church.*  Their  first  and 
only  minister  remained  with  them  about  twenty-five  years, 
and  then  left.  The  house  has  at  various  times  since  been  oc 
cupied  by  Universalists.  Previous  to  this,  i.  e.,  in  1794,  this 
part  of  the  township,  which  was  called  the  West  Precinct  of 
Pownalborough,  was  incorporated  into  a  town  by  the  name  of 
DRESDEN.  The  other  portions  were  called  Wiscassett,  and 
New  Milford,  (till  changed,  in  1811,  to  Alma.) 

Within  a  few  years  a  small  settlement  has  grown  up  about 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  easterly  of  the  spot  formerly  occupied 
by  St.  John's  Church.  Near  this  settlement  a  small  Methodist 
meeting-house  has  been  built,  and  a  "Union  meeting-house" 
has  been  erected  in  this  village. 

On  Whitsunday,  June  11,  1848,  Evening  Service  of  the  P. 
Episcopal  Church  was  held  in  the  Union  meeting-house  spok 
en  of  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  D.  D.,  who  had  been 
consecrated  the  year  previous  as  the  first  Bishop  of  the  Dio- 

*  Although,  this  Society  was  incorporated  in  1793,  it  was  not  till  1801  that  the  Con 
gregational  Church  was  organized  and  Ilev.  Freeman  Parker  was  ordained. — Green- 
leaf's  Eccl,  Sketches,  p.  151. 


APPENDIX.  279 

cese  of  Maine.  Arrangements  were  also  made  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  Sunday  School  under  the  charge  of  a  Candidate 
for  Orders. 

During  the  long  interval  which  followed  the  last  perform 
ance  of  the  services  of  the  church  in  this  town,  the  territory 
occupied  by  the  church  building,  and  that  reclaimed  from  the 
wilderness  for  a  garden  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  had  relapsed 
almost  into  its  primitive  state.  The  foundations  of  the  sacred 
edifice  are  still  visible,  as  are  also  the  rough  flat  stones*  erected 
at  the  graves  of  the  old  parishioners.  The  cellar  of  the  par 
sonage  is  still  distinctly  to  be  seen.  The  company  which  had 
given  the  land  embracing  the  territory  named,  and  a  glebe,  had 
closed  their  concerns.  After  their  right  to  this  property  had 
been  legally  determined  it  was  sold,  and  the  income  was  to 
be  applied  to  the  support  of  an  Episcopal  minister,  when  one 
should  be  settled  in  Dresden,  and  until  then  to  a  resident 
Congregational  minister.  The  minister  of  this  denomination, 
before  alluded  to,  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  this  fund  for  a  time. 
On  the  cessation  of  that  persuasion,  the  fund  was  left  to  accu 
mulate,  ready  for  its  originally  intended  use. 

The  new  Parish  of  St.  John's,  Dresden,  was  organized  in  the 
presence  of  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  January  26th,  1849,  and 
admitted  into  the  Union  with  the  Convention  of  Maine  at  its 
next  session.  Rev.  Edwin  W.  Murray  was  appointed  Mis 
sionary  to  this  Parish,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  in  October 
of  the  year  last  named. 

In  1850  the  ladies  of  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  presented  to 
St.  John's  Church  a  set  of  Communion  Plate,  and  a  handsome 
Bible  and  Prayer  Books  for  the  desk. 

Rev.  Mr.  Murray  resigned  the  Rectorship  of  the  Parish  in 
1850,  and  his  place  was  supplied  by  Rev.  W.  H.  C.  Robertson. 
After  an  absence  of  two  years  Mr.  Murray  returned,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  this,  his  first  field  of  labor. 

On  the  17th  of  November,  1852,  the  "  Union  meeting-house," 
before  spoken  of,  was  consecrated  to  the  worship  of  God, 

*  The  grave  of  one  of  the  last  Vestrymen  .of  St.  John's  has  white  marble  grave 
stones.  One  of  them  is  inscribed  as  follows  :  Mr.  George  Goud,  died  May  18,  1826 
JE91. 


280  APPENDIX. 

according  to  the  rites  and  usages  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  On  this  occasion  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  preach 
ed  from  1  Kings  xviii.  30:  "And  he  repaired  the  altar  of  the 
Lord  that  was  broken  down/' 


CHURCH  AT  GEORGETOWN. 

"  The  town  of  Georgetown  was  incorporated  in  1718,  and 
then  included  all  the  territory  within  the  present  limits  of 
Bath,  Woolwich  and  Phipsburg."*  Fort  St.  George,  erected 
by  the  colony  of  1607,  was  in  the  present  town  of  Phipsburg. 
That  fort  contained  a  church.  Thus  it  will  follow  that  the 
Episcopal  Church,  which  was  formed  in  the  last  century 
within  the  bounds  of  ancient  Georgetown,  as  above  described, 
may  be  considered  as  the  legitimate  successor  of  the  first 
Protestant  congregation  which  ever  existed  in  the  Northern 
United  States. 

The  notices  of  ihis  Church,  scattered  throughout  the  fore 
going  Biography,  and  the  sketches  of  the  Rev.  Messrs.  MacClen- 
nachan  and  Wheeler,  in  the  Notes,  contain  nearly  all  the  infor 
mation  that  it  has  been  possible  to  gather  of  the  condition  of 
this  Parish  up  to  the  time  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey's  leaving  the 
country.  The  following  is  the  only  report  that  Mr.  Wheeler  is 
known  to  have  sent  to  England  : — 

"  The  Rev.  Mr.  Wheeler,  in  his  letter  of  Nov.  20th,  1769, 
acquaints  the  Society  that  his  Parish  extends  near  twenty 
miles  westward  and  twelve  miles  eastward.  That  there  are 
about  200  families;  some  Presbyterians,  some  Independents, 
and  some  Papists.  His  people  have  erected  the  frame  of  a 
church  since  his  coming;  he  has  statedly  preached  twice  on 
Sundays,  besides  giving  lectures  on  week  days,  and  has  bap 
tized  twenty-eight  children." 

The  mention  of  the  church  building  in  the  above  extract 
reminds  us  to  speak  of  its  locality.  The  Kennebec  River  runs 
in  a  very  direct  course  by  the  present  city  of  Bath.  This  fea- 

*  Maine  Historical  Collections,  ii.  202. 


APPENDIX.  281 

ture  of  the  river  at  this  place  caused  the  territory  on  its  banks 
to  be  called  by  the  early  settlers  Long  Reach.  At  some  dis 
tance  below  the  city  the  Kennebec  turns  suddenly  at  right 
angles,  and  then  quickly  resumes  its  previous  southerly  course. 
It  was  at  this  point  that  the  church  spoken  of  was  erected. 

The  family  of  the  Lithgows,  some  of  whom  were  conspicu 
ous  in  the  colonial  times  in  this  part  of  the  Province,  erected, 
in  1766,  a  spacious  and  what  was  then,  doubtless,  considered 
to  be  an  elegant  mansion  very  near  the  church.*  Some  years 
since  the  house  and  farm  passed  into  other  hands.  When  the 
present  proprietors  took  possession  of  their  property  the  church 
was  standing.  They  describe  the  church  as  "  a  low  building, 
with  a  double  floor,  but  no  marks  of  pews  upon  it.  The  only 
ornament  was  a  simple  beading  upon  the  tie  beams."  The 
churchyard  has  been  ploughed  up,  and  barns  and  barnyards 
occupy  its  place.  The  church  itself  was  used  as  a  barn,  till  a 
portion  of  it  having  blown  down  and  killed  a  valuable  animal, 
the  remainder  of  the  building  was  demolished.  The  sacred 
edifice  was  situated  but  a  few  rods  from  the  river,  some  dis 
tance  from  any  settlement.  This  fact  shows  that  in  the  ab 
sence  of  any  county  roads,  the  river  was  the  highway  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  the  small  boat  their  usual  means  of  travelling. 
Tradition  still  commemorates  the  pious  life  and  conversation 
of  a  lady  of  the  Drummond  family,  who  was  baptized  in  this 
church,  and  who  has  but  recently  deceased. 

Within  three  miles  of  the  site  of  this  church,  and  in  the  city  of 
Bath,  an  Episcopal  congregation  has  been  gathered,  which  has 
attained  to  a  considerable  degree  of  strength  and  prosperity,  and 
now  occupies  a  church  building,  which  was  consecrated  January 
19th,  1853.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  may  prove  to  be  the  con 
tinuation  of  the  former  Church  in  Georgetown,  as  the  new 
parish  in  Dresden  is  .the  resuscitation  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Pownalborough.  Should  this  be  so,  the  ante  Revolutionary 
churches  in  Maine,  will,  after  a  long  interval,  again  exist,  con 
ferring  their  blessings  upon  some  of  the  descendants  of  those 
who  formerly  worshipped  in  the  words  of  the  same  liturgy. 

*  Rev.  Mr.  Wheeler  resided  for  a  while  in  the  Lithgow  house,  as  appears  from  one 
of  his  letteis  to  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey. 

36 


282  APPENDIX. 


ST.  PAUL'S  CHURCH,  PORTLAND. 

All  the  information  which  the  present  writer  has  of  the 
early  history  of  Episcopacy  in  the  above  place,  is  derived 
from  a  daily  Journal,  kept  by  Rev.  Thomas  Smith,  Pastor  of 
the  First  Congregational  Society  of  Falmouth,  which  was  the 
ante  Revolutionary  name  of  a  township,  part  of  which  now 
forms  the  city  of  Portland.  His  Journal,  with  the  very  full 
Notes  of  William  Willis,  Esq.,  in  his  edition,  1849,  have  fur 
nished  most  of  the  material  for  the  following  account. 

In  the  summer  of  1754,  Governor  Shirley,  accompanied  by 
several  persons  of  distinction,  embarked  at  Boston  in  the 
Province  frigate  Massachusetts,  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  the 
Norridgewock  Indians  at  Falmouth,  and  forming  a  treaty 
with  them.  Rev.  Charles  Brockwell  was  then  Assistant  Minis 
ter  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  a  Church  in  which  Gov.  Shirley 
was  a  worshipper.  Mr.  Brockwell  was  probably  in  the  company 
which  attended  the  Governor.  The  Journal  before  spoken  of 
contains  the  following: — 

"June  26,  1754.     The  Governor  got  in  this  morning. 

'''•June  30.  (Sunday.}  Parson  Brockwell  preached  here, 
A.  M.,  and  carried  on  in  the  Church  form. 

******* 

"  July  14.     Mr.  Brockwell  preached." 

More  than  nine  years  passed  away  and  no  further  notice  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  is  to  be  found. 

Nov.  4£/i,  1763,  forty-one  persons  entered  into  a  written 
agreement  to  procure  a  lot  of  land  and  to  build  "a  meeting 
house  for  Divine  Service."  In  July,  of  the  following  year,  an 
increased  number  expressed,  in  writing,  under  their  hands, 
their  desire  "  that  the  worship  to  be  carried  on  in  said  house 
should  be  agreeable  to  the  laws  of  Great  Britain." 

"July  23,  1764.  The  new  meeting  men  had  a  meeting  and 
declared  for  the  Church.  They  have  been  in  a  sad  toss  since 
the  Parish  meeting,  and  made  great  uproar,  getting  to  sign 
for  the  Church.  They  began  to  frame  the  house. 

"  Aug.  31.     There  is  a  sad  uproar  about  Wiswell,  who  has 


APPENDIX.  283 

declared  for  the  Church,  and  accepted,  (a  day  or  two  since,) 
of  a  call  our  Churchmen  have  given  him  to  be  their  minister. 

"  Sept.  2.  ( Sunday.)  A  great  day  this.  Mr.  Hooper  * 
preached  to  our  new  Church  people,  and  baptized  several 
children. 

"Sept.  3d.  The  corner  stone  of  the  Church  was  laid  by 
the  Wardens,  who,  with  their  officers,  were  chosen  to-day. 

"  Sept.  9.     Mr.  Wiswell  preached  in  the  Town  House. 

"  Sept.  30.  Mr.  Wiswell  preached  in  the  Court  House  to 
day  to  a  small  company. 

"  Oct.  8.  Mr.  Wisweli  sailed  in  the  Mast  ship,  Capt.  Haggett," 
(to  England,)  for  Episcopal  Ordination. 

Mr.  Wiswell  returned  from  England  and  commenced  his 
labors  in  St.  Paul's  Parish.  In  the  conflagration  of  the  town 
in  1775,  by  Capt.  Mowat,  the  church  was  burned  and  the  min- 
istelr  left.  The  services  of  Mr.  Parker,  as  lay  reader,  were 
engaged  in  1785  and  continued  for  about  two  years.  Mr. 
Thomas  Oxnard  succeeded,  and  officiated  in  a  similar  capaci 
ty  for  the  next  five  years.  After  him  Mr.  Joseph  Hooper 
acted  as  lay  reader  for  about  a  year.  These  services  were 
held  in  hired  rooms  till  1787,  when  a  wooden  church  was  built. 

After  the  discontinuance  of  Mr.  Hooper's  services,  there 
were  no  regular  exercises  until  1797,  when  Rev.  Joseph  War 
ren  took  charge  pf  the  Parish  and  remained  till  1800.  Rev. 
Timothy  Hilliard  succeeded  him  the  next  year  and  continued 
as  minister  till  1809. 

During  the  incumbency  of  Mr.  Hilliard,  in  1803,  the  wooden 
church  was  abandoned  for  one  built  of  brick.  After  Mr. 
Hilliard' s  resignation,  there  were  occasional  services,  only,  for 
some  years.  Rev.  G.  W.  Olney  officiated  during  the  summer 
of  1817.  Rev.  P.  S.  Tenbroeck  was  instituted  in  1818,  and 
was  Rector  for  the  succeeding  thirteen  years.  He  was  fol 
lowed,  after  two  years  intermission,  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Chapman, 
D.  D.,  who  left  in  1835. 

Rev.  A.  H.   Vinton  was  Rector  a  few  months  till  about 


*  Rev.  William  Hooper,  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  who  Mr.  Smith  says,  Aug. 
30,  "  came  here  yesterday." 


284  APPENDIX. 

Easter,  1836.  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Clark  officiated  during  the 
summer  of  that  year  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  John"W. 
French,  who  continued  during  the  next  three  years.  In  1839, 
St.  Paul's  Parish  having  become  embarrassed,  St.  Stephen's 
Parish  was  formed.  The  property  of  the  former  was  purchased 
by  the  latter  society.  Rev.  James  Pratt  became  Rector  in 
1840. 

In  1851,  a  second  Parish  was  organized  in  Portland  under 
the  name  of  St.  Luke's,  of  which  Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Southgate, 
D.  D.,  was  the  first  Rector. 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDINER. 

.  To  Dr.  Sylvester  Gardiner  this  Church  is  indebted  for  its 
origin  and  liberal  patronage.  He  erected,  at  his  own  expense, 
a  church  and  parsonage  in  1772,  which  was  dedicated  by  Rev. 
Jacob  Bailey,  August  16th,  of  that  year.  The  church  had  a 
spire,  but  was  unfinished  at  the  time  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion.  It  would  seem  that  it  also  was  furnished  with  a  bell, 
for  at  the  Easter  meeting,  in  1773,  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston, 
it  was  voted  "  that  the  old  bell,  with  the  Appurtenances 
be  given  to  the  Saint  Ann's  Church,  Gardinerston."  *  In 
1793  a  Parish  was  incorporated  by  the  name  of  the  Epis 
copal  Society,  in  Pittston,  that  name  having  been  previously 
given  to  the  town  which  had  been  incorporated,  embra 
cing  lands  on  both  sides  of  the  Kennebec  River.  As  soon 
as  the  Parish  was  incorporated  the  executors  of  Dr.  Gardiner 
proceeded  to  complete  the  church  edifice,  and  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Warren  was  chosen  Rector.  The  church,  yet  incomplete, 
was  burned  by  an  insane  person.  Another  edifice  took  its 
place  shortly  after,  which,  though  only  partly  finished,  was  oc 
cupied  for  public  worship.  Rev.  Mr.  Warren  left  in  1796,  and 
he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bowers.  Mr.  Bovvers  removed 
to  Marblehead  in  1802.  In  the  summer  of  that  year  Mr.  N.  B. 
Crocker  read  prayers  three  months.  In  1803  that  part  of 

*  Greenwood's  History  of  King's  Chapel,  p.  132. 


APPENDIX.  285 

Pittston  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  Kennebec  River  was 
incorporated  into  a  new  town  by  the  name  of  Gardiner.  Rev. 
Samuel  Haskell,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  became 
Rector  of  this  Parish  in  1803,  and  left  in  1809.  The  church 
was  closed  for  the  following  year,  when  it  was  opened  under 
the  ministrations  of  Mr.  Aaron  Humphrey,  a  Methodist  min 
ister,  who  more  than  a  year  afterwards  was  admitted  to  Holy 
Orders.  Mr.  Humphrey  left  in  1814.  Rev.  Mr.  Leonard,  of 
Vermont,  officiated  in  the  latter  part  of  1815.  Rev.  G.  W. 
Olney  became  Rector  in  October,  1817.  His  popularity  was 
so  great  that  a  larger  church  building  was  required  in  a  short 
time.  About  this  time  an  act  was  obtained  changing  the 
name  of  the  Parish  to  Christ  Church,  Gardiner. 

The  new  and  elegant  structure,  built  of  stone,  was  conse 
crated  October  19th,  1820.  Its  cost  was  rising  §14,000,  and  the 
land  occupied  by  it  was  given  to  the  Parish.  Mr.  Olney  re 
signed  the  Rectorship  in  the  spring  of  1826,  and  was  succeeded, 
temporarily,  by  Rev.  B.  C.  C.  Parker,  who  was  followed  by 
Rev.  E.  M.  P.  Wells.  In  the  autumn  of  1827,  Mr.  Wells  re 
signed  th'e  Parish,  and  lay  reading  was  again  resorted  to  for  a 
short  time.  The  Rev.  T.  S.  W.  Mott  officiated  for  a  few 
weeks  in  the  latter  part  of  this  year,  but  on  account  of  ill 
health  he  withdrew  to  the  south.  The  Rev.  William  Horton 
was  minister  daring  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring,  Rev.  N.  M. 
Jones  officiated  for  a  few  weeks.  In  September,  1828,  Rev. 
Mr.  Mott  was  instituted  as  Rector  of  the  Parish,  but  his  health 
was  such  that  he  returned  again  to  the  south,  having  officiated 
but  one  Sunday.  Rev.  Lot  Jones  was  engaged  to  supply  Rev. 
Mr.  Mott's  place  daring  his  absence.  Mr.  Jones  left  in  May, 
and  was  immediately  succeeded  by  Rev.  Isaac  Peck.  Mr. 
Mott  having  resigned  the  Parish,  Mr.  Peck  was  chosen  Rector 
in  April,  1830.  In  October  of  the  following  year  Mr.  Peck  re 
signed  his  Rectorship.  In  the  spring  of  1831,  Rev.  Joel  Clap 
took  charge  of  the  Parish,  and  held  it  nine  years,  when  he  re 
moved  from  the  State.  Rev.  William  R.  Babcock  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  Rector  in  October,  1840.  He  resigned  his 
office  in  1847,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess, 
D.  D., -first  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
Diocese  of  Maine.  ftL  >»ij-jvr£j  .  -W)u»  /a-vce^*^  A«~ 

*/    ' 

4 


286  APPENDIX. 


KITTERY. 

A  church  building  was  erected  in  that  part  of  Kittery  now 
called  Elliot,  near  the  banks  of  the  Piscataqua,  and  about 
six  miles  from  Portsmouth.  Rev.  Arthur  Brown,  Rector  of 
Queen's  Chapel,  in  the  last  named  place,  occasionally  offici 
ated  in  this  church,  and  reported  to  the  Venerable  Society  that 
in  Kittery  there  were  fifteen  communicants  of  the  Church  of 
England.  For  many  years  Mr.  Brown  received  from  the  Ven 
erable  Society  £15  sterling  per  annum  for  officiating  at  Kit 
tery,  in  addition  to  £60  sterling,  his  stipend  as  Missionary  at 
Portsmouth.  Mr.  Brown  died  in  1773. 


The  "  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register," 
contains  (vol.  iv.  p.  38)  the  following  article : — 

"  The  following  is  the  inscription  upon  the  tomb-stone  of 
the  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Kittery,  near  Elliot, 
which  Church,  it  is  supposed,  became  extinct  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  The  grave  is  in  a  field  belonging  to  Mr.  Fernald. 

"  'Here  Lyes  Buried  the  Body  of  the  Rev'd  Mr.  John  Eve- 
leth,  who  departed  this  Life  Aug.  1st  Anno:  Dom  :  1734,  aged 
65  years.' 

"  Epitaphs  from  South  Berwick,  &c.,  communicated  for  the 
Register,  by  Mr.  John  S.  H.  Fogg,  of  South  Berwick,  Me." 

Mr.  Eveleth  was  not  a  clergyman  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
The  following  is  stated  on  the  authority  of  Rev.  Joseph  B. 
Felt,  Librarian  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  : — 

"  Rev.  John  Eveleth  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Eveleth,  who 
belonged  to  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1689,  preached  as  a  Congregational  minister  at 
Manchester,  Mass.;  was  ordained  in  that  denomination  at 
Stow  in  1700,  dismissed  in  1717,  settled  at  Kennebunk  Port, 
dismissed  1729,  and  was  at  the  latter  place  1732." 

The  compiler  of  the  present  Memoir  would  not  have  in 
serted  this  Note  were  it  not  that  a  tradition  is  current  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Mr.  Eveleth's  burying  place,  similar  to  the 
statement  furnished  to  the  N.  E.  Historical  and  Genealogical 


APPENDIX.  287 

Register.  As  the  article  copied  from  the  Register  may  tend 
to  extend  and  perpetuate  an  erroneous  idea,  it  seemed  desira 
ble  to  correct  it  in  a  work  treating  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Maine. 


PROSPECT. 

Williamson  says,*  in  speaking  of  the  town  of  Prospect  :f 
"  Before  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  Thomas  Goldthwait  and 
Fra'ncis  Bernard,  son  of  the  Governor,  took  from  the  Waldo 
proprietors  a  grant  of  2,700  acres,  near  the  southerly  part  of  the 
town  ;  in  consideration  of  which,  they  engaged  to  settle  thirty 
families  and  an  Episcopal  minister,  and  to  build  a  church. 
They  did,  indeed,  rear  a  small  brick  chapel,  and  attempt  a  set 
tlement;  but  being  Tories,  they,  in  the  war,  left  their  country 
and  forfeited  their  property.  The  plantation  continued,  and 
in  1784  there  were  in  Prospect  twenty-four  families." 


REV.  WILLIAM  W.   WHEELER,  MISSIONARY  AT 
GEORGETOWN. 

The  subject  of  the  following  notice  was  the  son  of  William 
Wheeler,  and  was  born  at  Concord,  Mass.,  Dec.  24th,  1734.  He 
was  a  classmate  of  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey.  In  Mr.  Bailey's  Journals, 
during  the  time  he  was  in  college,  mention  is  made  of  a  visit 
he  paid  to  Mr.  Wheeler's  family.  This  and  subsequent  notices 
show  that  the  father  of  this  gentleman  was  possessed  of  a 
large  farm  in  Concord,  and  one  of  his  daughters  is  described 
as  a  young  lady  of  talent,  and  considerable  literary  attainment. 

On  the  18th  November,  1765,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Rev.  Mr. 
Caner,  minister  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  as  follows:  "  Since 
the  Society  have  determined  to  send  a  Missionary  to  George 
town,  I  would  intreat  you  to  look  out  for  some  suitable  gentle- 


*  History  of  Maine,  Vol.  ii.,  p.  565. 

f  Prospect  is  on  the  Penobscot  River,  near  its  mouth. 


288  APPENDIX. 

man,  that  we  may  recommend  for  Orders  as  soon  as  possible. 
I  have  wrote  to  one  Mr.  Wheeler  of  Concord,  a  classmate  of 
mine,  who  several  years  ago  was  inclined  to  the  Church.  He 
sustains  a  good  character,  and  it  is  probable,  he  will  soon  wait 
upon  you  for  directions." 

From  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wheeler,  dated  Concord,  Dec.  5th, 
1765,  the  following  is  taken.  After  expressing  his  friendly 
sentiments  to\vards  the  Church  of  England,  he  says  "I  arn 
constrained  to  return  this  answer,  viz.:  that  if  the  proposals 
you  mention  are  strictly  and  absolutely  complied  with,  viz.: 
if  the  people  of  Georgetown  will  enter  into  bonds  to  furnish 
the  Missionary  with  £20  sterling  per  annum,  and  a  clwejl- 
ing-house,  &c.,  beside  the  <£50  sterling  granted  by  the  Soci 
ety,  I  say,  I  will  accept  of  it,  and  am  willing  to  go  for 
Ordination  as  soon  as  opportunity  permits."  A  letter  from 
Mr.  Wheeler,  Concord,  May  17th,  1766,  acknowledges  the 
receipt  of  letters  from  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  since  the  date  of  the 
letter  just  quoted.  Mr.  Wheeler  assigns  indisposition  as  the 
cause  of  his  not  before  writing  or  visiting  Kennebec.  He 
says:  "I  have  waited  upon  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  (for  such  he  is 
now,)  and  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  find  them  both  very  friendly  and 
kind,  and  much  of  gentlemen.  Since  I  received  your  last,  1 
have  received  a  kind  invitation  to  the  westward,  to  Marlboro' 
and  Hopkinton,  of  the  same  nature  as  your's,  by  a  letter  from 
a  gentleman  there,  and  he  begs  that  I  would  see  him  before  I 
come  to  the  eastward."  From  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wheeler  in 
November  of  this  year,  it  would  seem  that  he  had  had  an  inter 
view  with  Mr.  Butler,  one  of  the  principal  Churchmen  at 
Georgetown,  and  that  probably  an  arrangement  would  be 
made  for  his  going  to  that  place.  Mr.  Wheeler  says:  "I  am 
at  present  engaged  to  officiate  at  the  Church  in  Cambridge. 
They  have  a  minister  appointed,  Mr.  Sergeant,  but  he  is  not 
expected  until  spring."  Mr.  Wheeler  writes  to  Mr.  Bailey 
from  Boston,  Aug.  5th,  1767:  "  The  Society  has  been  so  good 
as  to  grant  me  <£20  sterling  for  my  services  at  Cambridge, 
besides  what  the  people  gave  me,  which  is  very  kind  and 
unexpected  to  me." 

Mr.  Wlieeler  was  recommended  to  the  Society  by  the  clergy 


APPENDIX.  289 

in  Convention  assembled  in  Boston,  June  17, 1767.  The  Rev. 
Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  adds  a  postscript  to  his 
letter  of  Dec.  1767,  in  which  he  says:  "  Mr.  Wheeler  is  arrived 
and  will  be  ordained  for  Georgetown  very  soon."  He  returned 
from  England,  having  received  Holy  Orders  there,  and  arrived 
in  Boston,  in  the  ship  Boscawen,  Capt.  Jacobson,  in  May, 
1768. 

Mr.  Wheeler  left  Georgetown  in  April,  1772,  for  Newport, 
R.  I.  where  he  had  been  engaged  to  assist  Rev.  Mr.  Bisset, 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church  in  that  town.  In  a  letter  dated 
Sept.  8th,  1779,  in  which  he  gives  an  account  of  the  situation 
of  some  of  his  brother  clergy,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  I  forgot  to 
mention  Mr.  Wheeler,  who  is  neither  Whig  nor  Tory,  but  so 
terrified  with  both  as  to  retire  from  human  society.  He  lives 
like  an  hermit,  and  employs  his  time  in  making  butter  and 
cheese."  Mr.  Wheeler  was  unanimously  chosen  Rector  of 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Scituate,  and  Trinity  Church,  Marsh- 
field,  May  loth,  1783.  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  D.  D.,  wrote  from 
Boston,  Nov.  22d,  1788 :  "  Mr.  Wheeler  is  and  has  been  for 
some  years  past,  preaching  in  rotation  at  Scituate,  Marshfield, 
Bridgewater  and  Braintree,  and  has  lately  married  a  daughter 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson,  of  Scituate.  He  is  so  much  in  Free 
man's  plan  that  he  would  not  join  his  brethren  in  this  State  in 
protesting  against  Freeman's  ordination."  In  the  Journal  of 
Massachusetts  Convention  for  1790,  Mr.  Wheeler  is  designated 
as  Rector  of  St.  Thomas's  Church,  Taunton,  in  addition  to  the 
Churches  before  named. 

Mr.  Wheeler  died  at  Scituate,  January  14th,  1810,  aged  75 
years. 

The  present  writer  has  no  means  of  forming  an  estimate  of 
his  character.  Soon  after  his  death  an  obituary  notice  appeared 
in  one  of  the  Boston  newspapers.  This  notice  is  devoted 
mainly  to  praising  his  political  principles,  and  if  the  writer's 
ignorance  of  the  character  of  Mr.  Wheeler  is  to  be  measured 
by  his  ignorance  of  some  of  the  leading  facts  in  the  clerical 
life  of  the  subject  of  his  sketch,  but  little  reliance  can  be 
placed  upon  this  obituary  notice. 
37 


290  APPENDIX. 


SILVESTER  GARDINER,  M.  D. 

The  important  part  that  this  gentleman  took  in  promoting 
the  interests  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Maine,  before  the 
Revolution  entitles  him  to  a  more  particular  mention  than  is 
made  in  the  text. 

Among  the  families  of  note  who  settled  Boston  Neck,  now 
in  the  town  of  Kingston,  R.  L,  was  the  Gardiner  family. 
William,  a  grandson  of  the  original  settler  of  that  name,  was 
born  in  1671.  The  fourth  of  his  seven  children,  who  was  born 
in  1707,  is  the  subject  of  this  notice.  The  marriage  of  his 
sister,  Hannah,  with  the  Rev.  James  McSparran,  (afterwards 
D.  D.,)  had  a  great  influence  on  his  future  life. 

Mr.  McSparran,  perceiving  the  abilities  and  tastes  of  his 
brother-in-law,  persuaded  his  father  to  give  him  a  liberal  educa 
tion.  It  having  been  settled  that  the  expenses  necessary  to  this 
should  be  deducted  from  Silvester's  share  of  the  paternal 
estate,  he  was  sent  to  school  in  Boston,  and  afterwards  in 
structed  by  Mr.  McSparran.  He  decided  upon  the  practice  of 
medicine  as  his  future  profession. 

At  that  time  great  difficulties  lay  in  the  way  of  medical 
students.  No  hospitals  nor  schools  of  medicine  existed  in 
America,  public  prejudice  forbad  dissections,  and  the  law  laid 
heavy  penalties  on  any  one  who  should  seek  to  acquire  the 
knowledge  of  Anatomy  in  the  only  proper  way.  No  alterna 
tive  presented  itself  to  the  ambitious  student  of  the  healing 
art,  but  to  avail  himself  of  those  facilities  in  Europe,  which 
were  denied  him  in  his  own  country.  Silvester  passed  eight 
years  in  London  and  Paris,  principally  in  the  latter  city,  and 
acquired  an  amount  and  kind  of  medical  knowledge  which 
at  that  time  were  perhaps  in  possession  of  but  few  in  his 
native  country. 

His  religious  principles,  early  inculcated,  carried  him  safely 
through  the  licentiousness  of  French  society,  always  great, 
but  more  so  at  the  time  of  his  residence  in  Paris,  which  was 
in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XV.,  soon  after  the  re 
gency  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans.  The  open  profligacy  that  he 


H.W:  Smith  Sc 


^/t^U-tt^vi^ 


APPENDIX.  291 

had  witnessed  in  France,  gave  him  such  a  dislike  to  the  na 
tion,  that  in  after  life  he  would  not  consent  that  his  children 
should  be  instructed  in  the  French  language,  lest  their  minds 
should  be  corrupted  by  the  literature  of  that  country. 

Upon  his  return  he  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Dr.  Gibbons, 
a  wealthy  physician  of  Boston,  and  was  soon  engaged  in  that 
place  in  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  He  also  lectured 
on  Anatomy,  illustrating  his  lectures  by  preparations  he  had 
brought  from  Europe.  He  opened  in  Boston  a  large  estab 
lishment  for  the  sale  and  importation  of  drugs.  By  these 
means  he  acquired  an  immense  estate. 

Having  become  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Kentiebec  pur 
chase,  covering  a  tract  of  land  from  Bath  to  Norridgewock, 
some  fifty  miles  in  length,  and  extending  fifteen  miles  on 
each  side  of  the  Kennebec  River,  he  directed  his  energies 
to  the  improvement  of  that  wilderness  country.  Almost  the 
entire  management  of  the  affairs  of  the  company  was  commit 
ted  to  him.  He  managed  the  trust  with  great  energy  and 
judgment,  and  at  his  own  personal  expense  built  houses  and 
cleared  farms  which  he  well  stocked,  at  the  Chops  of  Merry- 
meeting  Bay  and  Lynd's  Island,  Pittston,  Winslow,  and  Pow- 
nalborough,  at  the  latter  of  which  places  he  built  mills.  The 
tract  of  land  near  the  Cobbosee  Contee  River,  was  obtained 
by  him  of  his  associates,  and  he  labored  and  expended  much 
to  bring  it  forward.  He  built  houses,  dams,  and  mills,  at  this 
place,  now  the  city  of  Gardiner ;  introduced  many  settlers 
and  advanced  them  means  necessary  to  their  establishment, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  a  large  sum,  most  of  which 
was  never  repaid  him. 

He  built  a  church  and  parsonage  at  Gardinerston,  (as  it 
was  then  called,)  in  1772,  but  was  interrupted  in  his  benevo 
lent  labors  by  the  political  troubles  of  the  time,  and  was 
obliged  to  leave  the  church  uncompleted.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  active  and  efficient  persons  in  building  King's  Chapel, 
Boston,  and  contributed  largely  to  its  erection,  and  was  for 
many  years  one  of  its  wardens. 

Dr.  Gardiner  left  Boston  with  the  British  army,  when  that 
town  was  evacuated.  His  property  was  all  confiscated,  but 


292  APPENDIX. 

owing  to  some  legal  informality  the  confiscation  did  not  hold, 
and  his  estate  descended  to  his  heirs. 

Dr.  Gardiner  died  at  Newport,  August,  1786,  in  the  80th 
year  of  his  age ;  the  citizens,  at  his  funeral,  bestowing  those 
marks  of  respect  which  evidenced  their  high  estimation  of  his 
character.  His  remains  were  deposited  under  Trinity  Church, 
in  that  place,  and  a  monument,  (with  a  Latin  inscription,  by 
his  grandson,  Rev.  Dr.  Gardiner,  former  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,)  has  been  erected  to  his  memory  in  Christ 
Church,  Gardiner,  Maine.  His  agency  in  influencing  Mr. 
Bailey  to  visit  London  to  receive  Holy  Orders  has  been  al 
ready  named  in  the  Memoir.  To  him  it  was  owing  that  an 
Episcopal  Missionary  was  sent  to  Pownalborough,  a  glebe 
given  in  that  town,  and  a  church  and  parsonage  erected 
thereon.  His  building  a  church  and  parsonage  at  Gardiner, 
at  his  own  expense,  has  been  already  mentioned.  To  that 
Parish  he  gave  a  glebe  lot,  which  now  yields  a  handsome  in 
come  yearly.  The  church,  not  being  completed  at  his  decease, 
he  directed  in  his  will  that  it  should  be  finished  by  his  execu 
tors,  and  the  expense  charged  to  his  estate,  and  he  endowed  it 
with  a  legacy  of  £2$  sterling  per  annum,  to  be  paid  forever  to 
the  Rector.  Says  one,  who  knew  him  well :  "  But  his  piety 
was  not  shown  only  in  these  public  acts.  His  family  was  the 
well  ordered  family  of  a  Christian,  from  whose  altar  the  morn 
ing  and  evening  sacrifice  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  regularly 
ascended.  Believing  the  observances  enjoined  by  the  Church 
to  be  eminently  calculated  to  afford  spiritual  sustenance  to  the 
soul,  and  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  piety,  he  strictly  observed 
all  its  ordinances,  its  Festivals  and  Fasts,  and  on  the  greater 
Fasts  spent  the  whole  day,  excepting  what  was  occupied  by 
family  and  public  worship,  in  the  retirement  of  his  closet. 
During  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  secluded  from  business,  he 
spent  much  of  his  time  in  religious  contemplation,  and  com 
piled  a  book  of  devotion,  evidencing  not  only  sterling  piety 
and  sincerity  of  purpose,  but  bearing  the  impress  of  a  heart 
truly  and  deeply  warmed  with  the  love  of  Christ,  and  filled 
with  that  fervency  of  devotion  which  can  only  be  the  fruit  of 
man's  deep  sense  of  his  need  of  a  Redeemer.  He  had  a  large 


APPENDIX.  293 

edition  of  this  book  printed  at  his  own  expense,  and  which  he 
designed  for  gratuitous  distribution." 

A  highly  esteemed  and  respected  friend  has  had  the  oppor 
tunity  of  perusing  the  little  book  above-named,  which  is  en 
titled  "  A  Daily  Companion  to  the  Closet;"  a  compilation  of 
prayers,  with  a  few  hymns  and  practical  dissertations;  "the 
whole  collected  and  compiled  from  the  Common  Prayer,  and 
from  some  of  the  most  pious  writers.  By  a  Layman.  Lon 
don :  Printed  for  the  Author;  1785."  The  friend  alluded  to 
expresses  his  high  gratification  at  the  perusal  of  this  volume, 
as  evidently  the  production  of  one  of  earnest,  habitual  prayer, 
and  exercised  with  the  deep  convictions  and  sanctified  desires 
of  private,  personal  religion. 

The  Episcopal  Church  in  Maine  is  under  great  obligations 
to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  for  the  warm  interest  he  manifested 
in  her,  and  the  sacrifices  and  exertions  he  made  in  her  behalf 
in'  the  days  of  her  weakness.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  know  that 
he  was  deeply  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  Gospel.  The  in 
scription  on  his  monument,  before  named,  fails  to  do  him  jus 
tice  in  this  particular,  and  the  writer  of  this  sketch  delights  to 
have  it  in  his  power  to  be  enabled  to  convey,  however  feebly, 
a  more  true  picture  of  his  religious  character. 


294  APPENDIX. 


Contribution  to  the  list  of  Three  Hundred  Ministers,  of  the 
different  denominations,  who  have  entered  the  ministry  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States : — 

lit.  Rev.  EDWARD  BASS,  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

See  Biographical  Sketch. 

Rev.  WILLIAM  MCCLENNATHAN. 

Note  D  to  the  foregoing'  Memoir. 
Rev.  JACOB  BAILEY. 

See  foregoing  Memoir. 
Rev.  WILLIAM  W.  WHEELER. 

Rev.  JOHN  WISWALL. 

Willis  Smith's  Journal,  p.  150,  Note  1. 

Rev.  JOHN  RUGGLES  COTTING,  of  Waldoborough,  Me. 
In  1812  "  he  changed  his  sentiments,  and  became  an  Epis 
copalian." 

Greenleafs  Ecclesiastical  Sketches,  p.  175. 

Rev.  WILLIAM  CLARKE,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Ded- 
ham,  Mass. 

Authority :  Rev.  S.  B.  BabcocVs  Letter,  Aug.  9,  1851. 

REV.  JOSHUA   WINGATE   WEEKS,    Rector  of    St.   Michael's 
Church,  Marblehead,  Mass. 

See  Biographical  Sketch. 


APPENDIX.  295 

ABSTRACT  OF  SERMONS. 

The  compiler  of  this  Memoir,  feeling  desirous  of  forming  a 
correct  estimate  of  Mr.  Bailey's  literary  qualifications  and 
religious  views,  made  a  careful  abstract  of  most  of  his  sermons 
which  came  into  his  possession.  He  had  written  on  the  ab 
stract  the  words :  The  following  is  not  intended  for  publica 
tion.  But  a  friend,  well  qualified  to  advise  in  such  matters, 
wished  him  to  strike  out  the  words  above-named  and  hand  the 
abstract,  with  other  "copy,"  to  the  printer.  My  clerical  breth 
ren  can  appreciate  the  labor  necessary  to  make  an  analysis  of 
such  a  large  number  of  sermons,  many  of  them  imperfect,  and 
some  not  easy  to  be  deciphered ;  and  if  an  error  in  judgment 
has  been  committed,  they  will,  it  is  believed,  pardon  it,  in 
consideration  of  the  nature  of  the  task  which  I  imposed  upon 
myself. 

St.  Luke  xxii.  44.      On  the  sufferings  of  Christ.      1759. 
A  quotation  is  made  in  this  discourse  from  "  an  An-  Gloucester"1 
cient  Father,  on  the  wide  extent  of  the  efficacy  of  a.nd  c*Pe, 

'  *          Ann  Harbor, 

Christ's  sufferings."     The  divinity  of  Christ  and  his  March  and 
equality  with  the  Father,  are  emphatically  set  forth    No.  i. 
in  this  sermon.     [This  discourse  is  numbered  eight 
by  Mr.  Bailey.] 

1  Chronicles  xxviii.  9.     [Imperfect]  Hampton, 

Falls,  J'e  3d. 
No.  2. 

Hebrews  ix.  26.     Christ's  sacrifice.  No.  3. 

Psalms  i.     Exposition  of  this  Psalm.    [Imperfect.]     No-  4- 


Imperfect.     This  MS.  contains  also  a  list  of  books      1760. 
distributed  by  order  of  Venerable   Society,  sundry     No-  5- 
baptisms,  and  memos.  of  the  sickness  of  Mr.  Bailey. 


The  greater  part  of  a  Thanksgiving  Sermon :  "  this  1761 
is  the  first  opportunity  that  ever  presented  of  having  jJec^fd* 
a  Thanksgiving  celebrated  in  this  place."  Attacks  No-  6- 


296 


APPENDIX. 


1762. 

December.' 
No.  6a. 


Frankfort, 
August  29th. 
No.  66. 


1763. 

Frankfort, 
July  16th. 

No.  7. 

No.  8. 

Frankfort, 

June  10th. 

No.  9. 


by  Indians.  "  These  events,  we  all  know,  have  fre 
quently  happened  in'  this  country  till  the  present  and 
the  year  past." 

Psalm  cxvii.  1st  and  part  of  2d  verse.  A  Thanks 
giving  Sermon.  I.  Consider  the  various  instances 
of  Divine  goodness :  1.  In  continuing  the  life  and 
prosperity  of  our  Sovereign ;  2.  In  the  preservation 
of  the  Queen  and  the  birth  of  a  Prince ;  3.  Contin 
uance  of  our  civil  and  religious  liberties ;  4.  In  suc 
cess  of  our  armies,  both  by  sea  and  land,  e.  g.  con 
quest  of  Havana,  expulsion  of  the  French  from  New 
Foundland,  the  capture  of  several  ships  of  war  from 
the  French  and  Spaniards;  5.  The  prospect  of  an 
honorable  and  lasting  peace. 

Psalm  viii.     Exposition  of  this  Psalm. 
Proverbs  x.  19.     Sins  of  the  tongue. 


Esther  vii.  6. 
of  Haman. 


Guilt  the  cause  of  fear.     Example 


1764.          St.  Matthew  v.  37.     A  proper  use  of  the  tongue 
Marnchf22d     enjoined.     [This  sermon  was  corrected  by  Kev.  J.  W. 
No.  10.  '    Weeks,  Numbered  2.] 


Place  and          part   of  a    Christmas    Sermon.     St.  Chrysostom 

date  want'g. 

No.  11.       quoted. 
Frankfort,         Daniel  iv.  30.     On  self-conceit.     [Numbered  11.] 

March  1st. 
No.  12. 

Frankfort,         Proverbs  xxvi.  12.     On  self-conceit.     [Numbered 

July  12th.  . 

No.  13.        21. 


1  'VAfi 

Frankfort,         Genesis  xix.  26.    Punishment  of  Lot's  wife.    [This 
rNo.ru2.1St'  sermon  was  corrected  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks.] 


APPENDIX.  297 

Acts  xvii.  25  to  28.     A  Fast  Day  Sermon.  Frankfort, 

J  April  24th. 

No.  15. 

Genesis  xx.  11.  The  fear  of  the  Lord.  2d  divis-  No.  16. 
ion :  When  any  person  and  place  may  be  said  to  be 
destitute  of  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  1.  When  the  in 
habitants  of  any  place  are  addicted  to  intemperance 
and  immodesty]  2.  When  they  give  themselves  up 
to  profane  swearing;  3.  When  a  spirit  of  lying  uni 
versally  prevails  ;  4.  When  they  give  themselves  up  to 
slander,  revile  and  backbite  their  neighbors  ;  5.  When 
a  spirit  of  contention  and  quarrelling'  prevails;  6.  When 
they  live  in  the  neglect  of  the  worship  of  God. 


St.  John  xvi.  2d  and  3d  verses.     On  persecution     1767. 
[A  correction  made  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks.     Num-  Jr™1^ 

"*  May  Zotii. 

bered  6,  by  Mr.  B.]  No.  17. 

2d  article  of  the  Apostle' 's  Creed.     Exposition  of  Frankfort, 
the  same.     [No.  2.} 


1  Corinthians  ix.  part  of  24th  verse.     The  Christ-  ^  1^8. 

Frankfort, 

ian  race.  previous  to 

Febr'ry   5th. 
No.  176. 

St.  John  v.  39.     Search  the  Scriptures.     I"  No.  2.1     Frankfort, 

J       Febr'ry   5th. 
No.  17c. 

Joshua  vii.  25.     Wicked  men  cause  all  the  trouble,  Pownaiboro, 
&c.,  of  the  world  ;  but  they  shall  be  punished  here  or  ^fis'. 
hereafter.     [Numbered  2  by  Mr.  Bailey.] 

Joshua  ix.  22,  23.  Sin  of  deceiving  another.  Frankfort, 
[This  is  headed  Scripture  History,  No.  ,  by  Mr.  Jui&2i9h' 
Bailey.] 

Frankfort, 

Romans  xi.  20.     On  self  conceit.     [No.  4.] 


Ruth  iv.  13.     Character  of  Boaz.  Frankfort, 

Sept.  7th.' 
No.  21. 

2  Samuel  xviii.  33.  Conduct  of  Absalom,  his  death  ;      1770 

38 


298  APPENDIX. 

Frankfort,     King  David's  grief;   cause  of  this    grief — a  belief 
N?.S22.     '  that  Absalom  would  be  eternally  punished. 

No.  23.          Part  of  a  sermon  on  love  to  God. 


Pown'iboro'  Ecclesidstes  v.  1,  2.  Sermon  at  the  Consecration 
NNO.  24.'  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough  :  1st,  the  sea 
sons;  2d,  the  places;  3d,  the  manner;  4th,  the  de 
sign  ;  and  5th,  the  importance  of  Public  Worship. 
[Prefixed  to  this  sermon  is  "  A  Prayer  at  the  dedica 
tion  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough."] 


1771. 

Nov.  18th.  '      Proverbs  iii.  25.     Shame  the  promotion  of  fools. 

No.  25. 

1772 

Pown'iboro,       St.  Matthew  v.  44.     The  duty  of  benevolence. 

April  23d. 
No.  26. 

Pown'iboro,       Hebrews  xii.  7.    Duties  of  fathers  to  their  children. 

May  27th. 
No.  27. 

Pown'iboro'       ^  Matthew  iv.  19  and  20.     Duty  of  following 

June  20th.  * 

No.  28.       Christ. 
Pown'iboro'       Job  iv.  14.      On  the  nature  and  advantages  of 

July  17th.  - 

No.  29.      Fear.     Part  tirst. 
Pownaiboro'      Isaiah  li.  7.  On  the  excesses  of  Fear.  Part  second. 

No.  30. 


Pown'iboro'       St.  Matthew  xiii.  7.     The  vanities  which  hinder 
the  Go 
fourth. 


NNo.13L'     the  Gospel  taking  effect  in  the  hearts  of  men.     Part 


Pown'iboro'       Revelations  (?)  —  .  —  .      Probably  for  All  Saints' 
NNo.132.      Day.     Account  of  Popish  persecutions. 


Pown'iboro'       St.  John  iv.  48.      Causes  of  unbelief.     [Original 

No.  33.  ,  ,     ,  , 

prayer  added.] 

Advent  Sun-      St.  Matthew  xxi.  11.     The  necessity  of  a  Redeem- 
a.No.  34.      er.     "  I  shall  at  present  endeavour  to  shew  the  neces- 


APPENDIX.  299 

sity  of  a  Redeemer,  and  then,  in  a  number  of  dis 
courses,  consider  and  explain  the  nature  of  this  great 
redemption."  [Original  prayer  added,  marked:  "Be 
fore  sermon."! 


St.  Luke  ii.  14.     1st.  Value  of  Peace.  2d.  Methods  Pown'iboro' 
to  obtain  and  preserve  it.     3d.  Exhortation.  No.  35. ' 

St.  Matthew  xxi.  5.     Kingly  office  of  Christ.  Dec.  29th. 

&  J  NO.  36. 


Job  xxx.  23.     Feelings  of  various  classes  of  sin-      1773. 

,    ,,  ,        (.    ,       .,  Pown'iboro' 

ners  at  the  approach  of  death.  jan.  20th. 

No.  37. 

St.  Matthew  xiii.  7.     A  fondness  for  popular  ap-  Pown'iboro' 
plause  is  one  of  those  things  which  choke  the  good  MSV0638. 
seed. 


II.  Samuel  xii.  31.      Character  of  David.      Cau-  Pown'iboro' 
tion  to  be  used  in  estimating  the  characters  of  Scrip-    NO.  39. 
ture  personages. 

St.  Matthew  xii.  31,  32.      The   sin   against  the  Pown'iboro' 
Holy  Ghost.  Ju&?£ 

Acts  i.  1  to  6.     "  An  exposition  of  the  Acts  of  the  Pown'iboro' 
Apostles."     [No.  1.]  AN*o.84i.lth< 

Proverbs  in.  17.      The  pleasure  derived  from  the  Pown'iboro' 

-      .   .  Sept.  29th. 

practice  of  virtue.  NO.  42. 

St.  Matthew  xiii.  8.     Parable  of  the  good  ground.  Pown'iboro' 

No.  43. 

St.  Matthew  xiii.  8.     Part  II.  of  same  discourse.     Pown'iboro' 

No.  44. 


St.  Matthew  xv.  18.      Caution  against  following     1774. 
those  who  attempt  to  spread  new  and  unauthorized  j 
opinions.  No.  45. 


300  APPENDIX. 


Pown'iboro'       St.  Matthew  xviii.  27.     Forgiveness  of  mmries. 

July  7th. 
No.  46. 

Pown'ihoro'       St.  Mattheiv  xviii.  31  to  35.      Aimed  against  the 
No.  47.      practice  of  creditors  imprisoning  their  poor  debtors. 

Pown'iboro'       St.  Matthew  xx.  16.     God  has  a  right  to  deal  with 

July  14th. 

No.  48.       His  creatures  according  to  His  own  pleasure. 
Pown'iboro'       St.  Matthew  xxi.  28  to  31.      Parable  of  the  two 

July  16th. 
No.  49.         SOUS. 


Pown'iboro'       St.  Matthew  xix.  19.     Love  of  our  country  and 

July  21st.       ,  i 

No.  50.      benevolence. 


Pown'iboro'        St.  Matthew  xxii.  7.      Consequences  of  neglecting 
No^fii.    '  the  offers  of  salvation.  [Refers  to  a  former  discourse 
on  the  same  subject.] 

No.  52.  Two  lectures  on  the  right  training  of  children. 

No.  53. 

No.  54.  Want  of  interest  in  religion. 

No.  55.  Persecutions  that  holy  men  have  suffered. 

No.  56.  The  case  of  Cornelius.     [Corrected  by  Rev.  J.  W. 

Weeks.] 

NO.  57.     '     2    Samuel  i.  16.     David's   nobleness   of  conduct 
proposed  for  imitation. 

No.  58.  Shortness  and  uncertainty  of  life.     [Imperfect.] 

No.  59.  Death  and  future  judgment.     [Imperfect.] 

No.  60.  Robbing  God  of  His  glory.     [Imperfect.] 

No.  61.          Dangers  arising. from  national  victories.    [Imper- 
fect.1 


APPENDIX.  301 

1  King's  xvii.  13  and  14.     God  will  reward  us  for     NO.  62. 
acts  of  charity  and  mercy.     Three  other  points  en 
larged  upon  in  former  sermons  from  this  text. 

Genesis  vi.  part  of  3d  vs.     Danger  of  being  con-    No  63. 
nected  with  persons  of  vicious  characters.    [Imper 
fect.] 

Attributes  of  God.     [Imperfect.]  No.  64. 

2  Kings  x.  part  of  16th  vs.      True  and  false  zeal.    NO.  65. 
[Imperfect.] 

Romans  viii.  part   of  28th  vs.      1st.    Concerning    No.  66. 
those  who  love  God.     2d.  The  reasons  for  believing 
that  all  things  should  work  together  for  your  good. 

Exodus  xx.  16.    On  the  ninth  commandment.  NO.  67. 

Philippians  ii.  5th  to  10th  vs.     Exposition.    [Im-     No.  68. 
perfect.] 

Genesis.  Sketches  of  some  of  the  prominent  No.  69. 
persons  in  this  book.  Chapter  i.  Life  and  character 
of  Eve.  Chapter  ii.  Life  of  Adah.  Chapter  iii. 
Life  of  Zillah.  Chapter  iv.  Life  of  Naamah.  Char 
acter  of  antediluvians.  Chapter  v.  Life  of  Sarah. 
[Written  in  a  flowing  style,  though  disfigured  by 
some  ideas  and  expressions  not  in  good  taste.] 

A  prayer  offered  at  the  execution  of  criminals.  No.  70. 

* 

1    St.  Peter  iii.    12.      1st.    God's   favour   to   the     No.  71. 
righteous.     2d.  His  displeasure  against  the  wicked. 

Deuteronomy,  iv.  39.     Duty  of   Knowledge  and    NO.  72. 
consideration. 


302  APPENDIX. 

No.  73.          Deuteronomy  iv.  39.     Same  subject  continued. 
No.  74.  St.  Luke  xiii.  4.     Against  rash  judgments. 

Probably  a        1.  Reflect  a  little  upon  the  calamities  of  war  in 
j^a seJSJi.  general ;    2.    Give  a  short  history  of  the    Spanish 
No.  75.      proceedings  in  America,  with  a  particular  view  to 
the  Island  of  Cuba ;  3.  To  take  notice  of  the  remark 
able  successes  of  the  English  in  some  of  the  preced 
ing,  as  well  as  in   this  late  expedition.     In   1758, 
Louisburg  taken ;  in  1759,  capture  of  Quebec ;  in 
1760,  conquest  of  all  Canada;   Havana  taken,  Au 
gust,  1762.     "  Let  us  then  this  day  rejoice."     [Imp.] 


1776.          Three  sermons  "on   Relative  Duties,"  viz.:  Nos. 
76,77,79.     [See  below.] 

No.  76.          Respect  to  superiors.     [Imperfect.     No.  1.] 

No.  77.          1  St.  Peter  iii.  8.      Duty  of  superiors  to  inferiors 
[No.  2.] 

May  5th.  Romans  xii.  10.      Duty  of  equals  towards  each 

No-78'      other.     [No.  3.] 

May  5th.  1  Timothy  ii.  2.      "  That  we  may  lead  quiet  and 

N°*  79'      peaceable  lives  in  all  godliness  and  honesty." 

July  14th.          St.  Mark  x.  17.  The  young  man's  enquiry.  [Imp.] 

No.  80. 

No.  81.  The  sin  of  Jereboam.    Caution  against  sacrificing 

conscience  to  interest. 


1778.          St.  James  i.  27.     1st.  Show  who  are  meant  by  the 
terms  ii 
due  to 
mon  7.] 


Boston,        terms  fatherless  and  widows.      2d.    The  treatment 
No.  82.      due  to  persons  of  this  description.    [Endorsed  ser- 


APPENDIX.  303 


Zechariah  ix.  12.     [Endorsed  "  Sermon  eight,]  A  Pown'iboro' 
Farewell  Discourse  delivered  at  Pownalborough,  July,   Vo.  83. 
1778."     1.  Give  some  explanation  of  the  text.     2. 
Make  some  reflections  suitable  to  the  present  occa 
sion. 


Psalms  Ixv.  11.     Reasons  for  gratitude  during  the  Cornwalli'S) 

vpnr  rȣi<5f  Dec-  31st- 

year  pasr.  No  s^ 


Duty  of  promoting  peace.  Comlams 

No.  85.  " 

St.  Mark  i.  15.     1.  The  nature  and  extent  of  re-  comwaiiis, 
pentance.     2.  The  necessity  of  it.  No.  86*** 

Acts  xvi.  29,  30.      Narrative  of  the  imprisonment  Comwaiiis, 
of  two  Apostles.     Application  of  the  jailor's  ques-     NO.  87. 
tions  to  the  present  hearers. 

St.  John  iii.  3.      Errors  with  respect  to  conversion.  Comwaiiis, 

nvT      i  .  ,  Sept.  17th. 

[No.  14.]  No.  88. 

Hebrews  xii.  14.     Advantages  of  peace.     [No.  3.]  Comwaiiis, 

No.  89. 

Psalms  cxv.  16.     The  goodness  of  God  calls  for  Comwaiiis, 
gratitude.     [No.  4.     An  original  collect  prefixed  to     NO.  90.' 
this  sermon.] 


1   St.  Peter  iv.  18.  Description  of  the  righteous     1783. 

p  «innpr  Annapolis, 

e  sinner.  June  29th 

No.  91. 

1   St.  Peter  iv.  18.     Difficulty  of  salvation  and  Annapolis, 
certainty  of  future  punishment.  Vo.  92. 

St.  Luke  xviii.  18  to  22.     1.  An  account  of  this  Annapolis, 
young  man.     2.  Nature  and  extent  of  the  command    No.  93. 
given  to  him.     3.  Practical  reflections.     [No.  3.]  _  ^ 


1784. 
Genesis  ix.  9.     The  temptation  of  Joseph.     Prac-  Annapolis, 

tical  remarks.  ANo.S94. 


304  APPENDIX. 

Annapolis,         Genesis  ix.  9.      The  example  of  Joseph  recom- 
l?o.S95.8t'   mended,  especially  to  the  young. 


1786.          Genesis  xxxvii.  19.     The  nature,  effects  and  un- 

Fd^Scf18'  reasonableness  °f  envy.     "  Scripture  History." 

No.  96. 

Annapolis,         St.  Matthew  xi.  12.     A  mere  outward  profesion 

SeNo.  97*  '  will  not  secure  our  future  happiness. 

Annapolis,         Against  the  love  of  money.     [Imperfect] 

February. 
'No.  98. 

Annapolis,        Romans  vi.  16.     "  Servitude  of  sin  ;   its  danger." 

Feb.  1st.  d  j 

No.  99.  Second  part. 


1787.  Judges  ix.  14,  15.     Endeavor  to  draw  some  moral 

'Tth*8'  anc^  religi°us  observations  from  these  words.  [No.  1.] 

No.  100. 

Annapolis,  Judges  ix.  14,  15.  The  vanity  and  pride  of  human 

FNo!ioi:  nature.     [No.  2.  Part  2.] 

Annapolis,  Acts  xviii.  part  of  17th  vs.      True  Christian  zeal. 

Feb.  17th.  rxT       o  , 

No.  102.  [No.  3.J 

Annapolis,  Acts  xviii.  part  of  17th  vs.  Counterfeit  zeal.  [No.  4.1 

Feb.  19th. 
No.  103. 

Annapolis,  Acts  xviii.  part  of  17th  vs.    Indifference  to  religion. 

Feb.  22d. 

No.  104.  [No.  5.] 

Annapolis,  Psalms  xlix.  13.     The  folly  of  men.     [No.  6.] 

Feb.  21st. 
No.  105. 

Annapolis,  Deut.   xxx.    15.      Abuse    of  the   grace  of    God. 

Feb.  22d.  rM      „  -, 

No.  106.  [WO.  7.J 


Annapolis,         St.    Luke  xii.  1.      Display  some   appearances  of 
FNo.23i07.     this   pharisaical  hypocrisy  and  show  its  baseness. 
[No.  8.] 

Annapolis, 

FNo!4i08.         $•  Luke  xii.  1.  Same  subject  continued.    [No.  9.] 


APPENDIX.  305 

St.  Luke  xii,  1.     Same  subject  continued.      [No.  Anuna£°iis» 

reb.  zbtn. 
10.]  No.  109. 

St.  Mark  x.  17,  18.      "  One  may  be  apparently  Annapolis, 
strict  and  punctual  in  the  performance  of  moral  du-     No.  110. 
ties,  without  being  entitled  to  everlasting  happiness. 
[No.  11.] 

St.  Mark  x.  17,  18.  "  It  concerns  us  to  examine:  Annapolis, 
1.  The  disposition  of  our  minds  ;  and  2.  The  extent  NO.  111. 
of  our  obedience."  Practical  application.  [No.  12.] 

Job    i.  18,  19,  20.     1.  To  make   some  reflections  Annapolis, 
upon  the  story  and  conduct  of  Job  ;  2.  Observe  that     NO.  112.' 
calamity  is  the  portion  of  human  nature;  3.  Enquire 
what  improvement  we  ought  to  make  of  afflictions. 
[No.  13.] 

Ecclesiastes   ix.  12.      A  funeral  sermon.      Brief.  Annapolis, 

PTVT       i  \  i  April  16th. 

[No.  14.]  fr0<  113- 

Proverbs  x.  19.     1.  Consider  some  of  those  sinful  Annapolis, 
excesses   which   are   occasioned  by  a  multitude   of    NO.  114. 
words  ;  2.  Exhibit  the  wise  regulation  of  our  dis 
course  recommended  in  the  text.     [No.  15.] 

St.  Luke    xiii.  5.     1.  Against  rash  judgment;  2. 


Exhortation  to  repentance.     [No.  16.] 

St.  Luke   xiii.  5.     1.  Many  instances  of  sudden 


bereavement;  2.  Caution  against  delay  of  repent-    No>  116' 
ance.     [No.  17.] 


Proverbs  x.  19.     Against  talebearing.     [No.  18.] 

No.  117. 

St.  Matthew  v.  8.  1.  Enumeration  of  spiritual  Annapolis, 
evils  ;  2  Application.  ["  No.  2  on  the  text  St.  Mat-  No.  lis. 
thew,  v.  8."] 

39 


306 


APPENDIX, 


Annapolis, 
Dec.  22d. 
*  No.  119. 


St.  Luke  ii.  20.  1.  Occurrences  before  the  birth 
of  Christ.  2.  Angels  appear  to  the  shepherds,  and 
message.  3.  Suitable  reflections.  [Sermon  8.] 


1788. 

Annapolis, 
Jan. 13th. 

No.  120. 
Annapolis, 
Jan.  25th. 

No.  121. 


Annapolis, 

Jan.  30th. 

No.  122. 


St.  Matthew  iv.  10.     Duty  to  God. 

St.  Luke  ii.  34.  Presentation  of  Christ  in  the 
Temple.  While  the  coming  of  Christ  shall  prove 
the  salvation  of  some,  it  shall  increase  the  condem 
nation  of  those  who  neglect  his  precepts.  Let  us 
then  repent.  [Sermon  9.] 

St.  Matthew  ii.  1.  Brief  account  of  the  Magi. 
Herod's  jealousy  at  the  birth  of  another  prince.  The 
Magi  not  disgusted  by  the  poverty  in  which  Mary 
and  the  infant  Saviour  were  found  to  be.  Their  con 
duct  contrasted  with  that  of  men  in  these  days. 
Let  the  trouble  the  Magi  took  to  come  to  Christ  ex 
cite  us  to  seek  him.  [Sermon  10.] 

St.  Matthew  ii.  16.  Character  of  Herod.  Ac 
count  of  the  massacre  by  his  order.  [A  spirited 
sketch.]  This  story  displays  the  terrible  effects  of 
ambition.  This  passion  whether  it  appears  in  a 
single  person,  or  a  Congress  of  rising  heroes,  is  like 
the  inundation  of  a  mighty  river.  Humanity  and 
benevolence  recommended.  [Sermon  11.] 

St.  Luke  ii.  40.  Character  of  Herod  and  account 
of  his  death.  Explanation  of  the  text.  The  ex 
ample  of  Herod  teaches  us  the  danger  of  delaying 
repentance.  Lastly:  Let  every  person  be  excited 
to  increase  in  wisdom  and  understanding.  [Ser 
mon  12.] 

Annapolis,         St.  Luke  ii.  part  of  51st  vs.     The  first  part  of  this 

rNo10i25     discourse  refers  to  the  45,  46,  47,  48  and  49  verses  of 

this  chapter.     1.  From  the  example  of  our  blessed 


napoli 
Feb.  1st. 
No.  123. 


Annapolis, 
Feb.  6th. 
No.  124. 


APPENDIX.  307 

Lord,  we  may  learn  the  necessity  of  Confirmation, 
when  it  may  possibly  be  obtained.  Explanation  of  • 

Confirmation.  Children  urged  to  acquaint  them 
selves  with  the  nature  of  their  Baptismal  vows. 
The  Saviour's  example  of  obedience  commended  to 
children.  [Sermon  13.] 

Daniel  v.  27.     An  account  of  the  revels  of  Bel-  Annapolis, 
shazzar,  the   hand-writing ;    consequent  terror,   and    Vo.  126. 
Daniel's  interpretation  of  the  mysterious  characters. 
(Written  with  considerable  power.)     1.  God  knows, 
considers,   and   examines   all  our   actions  with  the 
greatest  exactness.     [Sermon  2.] 

Daniel  v.  27.     When  we  purpose  to  enter  upon  Annapolis. 
any  enterprise  let  us  ask  ourselves,  if  our  conduct    No'  127' 
in  it  will  stand  the  test?     "Endeavor  to  shew  when 
people  may  be  reckoned  (to  be)  in  a  dangerous  situ 
ation."    Several  particulars  named.  "  Let  us  then  en 
gage  in  works  of  repentance,  piety,  devotion,  charity 
and  temperance.     But  our  most  perfect  performances 
will  not  avail  without  the  atonement  of  the  Son  of 
God."     [Sermon  3.] 

St.  John  iii.  1,  and  part  of  2d  vs.     Short  account  Annapolis 
of   Nicodemus.     Does  the   conduct  of    Nicodemus    Vo.  128. 
merit  applause  or  the  contrary  ?     Answered  in  the 
negative  in  the  remainder  of  this  discourse.     [Ser 
mon  4.] 

St.  Luke  iii.    part  of  12th   verse.     Character   of  Annapolis, 
John  Baptist's  preaching.     "  The  subject  before  us  Fej5'02oi29 
and  the  season  of  the  year  invite  us  to  repentance." 
Reasons  for  repentance.     [Sermon  14.] 

Romans  iv.  part  of  25th  verse.    The  circumstances  Annapolis, 
of  the  death  of  Christ.     The  sins  of  the  world  were 
the  cause  of  the  sufferings  and  death  of  our  Saviour. 


308  APPENDIX. 

1.  The    thought   of  this    should    humble    us  ;  2.  It 
4  should  fill  us  with  hatred  of  sin  ;  3.  we  should  avoid 

sin.     [Sermon  5.] 


St-  Luke  xi*  4'  -Definition  of  temptation.  1.  Trials 
No.  131.  and  afflictions  which  prove  our  faith.  2.  The  en 
deavors  of  Satan  to  draw  us  into  sin.  3.  Our  own 
depraved  appetites  may  draw  us  into  sin.  Therefore 
we  should  pray  to  God  for  His  aid  and  protection. 
Caution  ;  God  never  leads  any  one  into  temptation. 
We  should  carefully  shun  all  temptations.  [Ser 
mon  6. 


1  St.  Luke  xi.  4.     1.  Human  nature  is  weak  in  re- 

March  18th. 

No.  132.  sisting  temptation.  Yet  many  persons  voluntarily 
expose  themselves  to  it.  Can  these,  with  propriety, 
offer  the  prayer  in  the  text?  God  promises  his  aid 
to  those  who  shun  temptations.  [Sermon  7.] 

Annapolis,         Romans  iv.  part  of  25th  vs.     1.  The  Resurrection. 

March  20th. 

No.  133.  2.  The  design  and  importance  of  this  event.  3.  The 
improvement  to  be  made  of  it.  [Sermon  8.] 

Annapolis,         St.  Mdttheiv  \\\.  15.      Account   of  the  preceding 

March  26th.       .  .       „,     .    ,,  .  .  V 

No.  134.  circumstances  :  1.  Christ's  example  on  this  occasion 
should  convince  us  that  it  is  our  duty  to  obey  all 
commands  of  God  ;  2.  Observe  the  humility  of  John 
Baptist;  3.  Notice  the  regular  proceedings  of  Divine 
Providence,  even  in  the  most  weighty  concerns.  Ap 
plication.  [Imperfect.  Sermon  15.] 

Annapolis,         St.  Matthew  i.  1  to  llth  verse.      Explanation  of 

March  29th. 

No.  135.  the  temptation  of  Christ,  with  practical  reflections 
[Sermon  16.] 

Annapolis,         Amos  vi.  1.     Multitudes  repent  of  their  sins  with- 
No.  136.     out  any  real  reformation.     The   human   heart  has 
many  ways  to  deceive  itself.     Specification  of  some 
of  these  ways.     [Sermon  9.] 


APPENDIX.  309 

Amos  vi.  1.  Many  Christians  content  themselves  Annapolis, 
with  a  cold  and  partial  performance  of  their  duty.  A§Q.  137, 
[Sermon  10.] 

St.  John  i.  47,  48.     Four  of  the  disciples  of  John  Annapolis, 
Baptist   described.     Among   them   was    Nathaniel.    If0.  13& 
Explain  the  meaning  of  the  words  "  in  whom  is  no 
guile,"  and  then  enquire  if  the  description  will  agree 
with  our  own  characters  ?     [Sermon  17.] 

St.  John  ii.  11.     Account  of  the  miracle  :  1.  Make  Annapolis 
some  observations  on  this  occurrence ;  2.   Attempt  APril  18th- 

No.  139. 

some  practical  improvement.     [Sermon  18.] 

St.  John  ii.  24.     The  care  of  the  Jews  in  observing  Annapolis, 
externals  of  religion  shames  the  conduct  of  many  A§pJ  ^Q* 
Christians.     Christ's  driving  the  traffickers  from  the 
Temple  shows  that  religious  buildings  have  a  rela 
tive  sanctity.     Christ  would  "  not  commit  himself" 
to  certain  who  professed  to  be  his  disciples,  and  why? 
From  this,  and  other  passages,  we  are  persuaded  of 
Christ's    divinity.       Christ   is  therefore    omniscient. 
Have  we  always  acted  under  a  persuasion  of  this 
truth?     [Sermon  19.] 

St.  John  iii.  5.  Brief  account  of  the  interview  Annapolis, 
between  Christ  and  Nicodemns.  Surprise  of  Nic-  ANo.3i4i." 
odemus.  Explanation  by  Christ.  "  Our  blessed 
Lord  has  united  Baptism  with  Regeneration,  and 
has  declared  the  necessity  of  both  in  the  strongest 
terms."  "The  outward  sign  must  not  be  omitted 
if  we  expect  the  inward  spiritual  grace."  "  We  learn 
from  this  discourse  of  our  Lord  with  Nicodemus, 
the  necessity  of  an  heavenly  disposition,  and  that 
our  souls  must  be  renewed  and  sanctified,  &c.  &c." 
[Sermon  20.] 

St.  Matthew  v.  43.     Our  Saviour  encouraged  that  Annapolis, 


310  APPENDIX. 

May  2d.  affection  and  benevolence  which  is  the  most  amiable 
No.  142.  vjr£ue)  j-he  brightest  ornament  of  human  nature. 
Our  benevolent  feelings  to  have  no  limits.  I  in 
tend  this  discourse  chiefly  as  an  introduction  to 
this  great  and  important  branch  of  Christianity. 
Paraphrase  of  the  story  of  the  good  Samaritan. 
Selfishness  the  character  of  the  present  age.  Our 
forbearance  in  religion  proceeds  from  indifference  to 
it  rather  than  from  true  charity.  [Sermon  11.] 

Annapolis,        Proverbs   i.   10.     1.  Many   persons   endeavor   to 
"NO.  us!     seduce  others  into  sin,  and   successfully.     2.  These 
seducers  are  atrocious  sinners.     3.    "  Enlarge  upon 
Solomon's  caution."      [Sermon  12.] 

June  14th.  Second  sermon  in  which  the  same  subject  is  con 
tinued.  [Sermon  13.] 

June  20th.         Third  sermon  in  which  the  same  subject  is  con- 
No<  145'    tinued.     [Sermon  14.] 

June  17th.  St.  Mark  x.  16.  1.  Explain  the  nature  and  urge 
the  necessity  and  advantage  of  confirmation.  2. 
Address  myself  to  the  younger  part  of  this  congre 
gation. 

July  12th.  St.  Luke  x.  41,  42.  Religion  is  a  matter  of  the 
utmost  concern  and  importance.  [Sermon  16.] 

July  isth.         1  Corinthians  x.  3,  4.     Comparison  between  man- 
No>  U8<     na  and  the  Gospel.     [Sermon  17.] 

Proverbs  i.  24,  25,  26.  1.  God  in  tender  compas 
sion  for  mankind  continues  to  repeat  His  gracious 
invitations.  2.  Notwithstanding  this,  we  are  dis 
posed  to  reject  His  condescending  offers.  [Sermon  18.] 


APPENDIX.  311 


NOTICES  OF  LOYALISTS. 

The  papers  of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  which  have  been  pre 
served,  are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  character. 

Some  of  them  furnish  information  not  before  known  respect 
ing  persons  of  some  note  in  their  day.  The  notices  which 
follow,  refer,  exclusively,  to  those  who,  at  the  time  of  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution,  favored  more  or  less  the  Royal  cause. 

Great  credit  is  due  to  Lorenzo  Sabine,  Esq.,  for  his  very 
full  and  accurate  work,  containing  biographical  sketches  of 
American  Loyalists.  With  all  the  labor  which  must  have 
been  bestowed  on  that  book,  it  is  still  somewhat  imperfect, 
either  in  the  brevity  of  the  notices  of  some  of  the  persons 
spoken  of,  or  in  the  entire  omission  of  the  names  of  some  who 
adhered  to  the  British  Crown.  The  contents  of  this  Appen 
dix  supply  in  a  measure  this  deficiency.  The  present  writer 
supposed  that  there  might  be  a  general  desire  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  to  learn  all  that  could  be  gathered  of  the 
history  of  those  of  its  ministers,  who  retained  their  allegiance 
in  the  trying  times  of  the  American  Revolution.  While  he 
has,  therefore,  made  full  extracts  from  the  MS.  materials  in 
his  possession  to  gratify  this  desire,  he  has  also  availed  him 
self  to  some  extent  of  other  sources  of  information. 

Some  of  the  persons  noticed  in  the  following  sketches  were 
in  humble  life,  and  perhaps,  on  account  of  their  never  having 
possessed  any  extensive  influence,  it  may  be  supposed  that 
any  memorials  of  them  are  hardly  worth  preserving.  Still 
these  slight  sketches  will  probably  have  a  local  interest.  More 
than  this,  they  serve  also  in  some  degree  as  contributions  to 
the  general  history  of  the  State  in  which  the  subjects  of  them 
lived.  The  writer  of  the  present  Memoir  could  not  resist  the 
desire  which  he  felt  to  select  from  the  time-worn  MSS.  which 


312  APPENDIX. 

were  intrusted  to  him,  such  facts  as  appeared  worthy  of  being 
inserted  in  an  Appendix.  From  the  increasing  interest  now 
felt  not  only  in  Antiquarian  but  Genealogical  researches,  the 
compiler  feels  assured  of  the  readiness  with  which  many  will 
read  every  one  of  the  following  articles.  They  who  are  not 
interested  in  some  of  these  brief  sketches  can  of  course  pass 
them  over,  with  the  consolation  that  the  insertion  of  them  adds 
nothing  to  the  price  of  the  book  in  which  they  are  contained. 

REV.  EDWARD  BASS,  D.  D.,  and  first  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in   Massachusetts. 

MR.  BASS'S  ancestors  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Massachusetts  Colony,  and 
settled  in  Roxbury  about  1630.  In  about  ten  years  they  removed  theuce  to  Braintree 
(now  Quincy.) 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  born  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  Nov.  23d,  1726.  He 
entered  Harvard  College  when  he  was  thirteen  years  old,  and  graduated  in  1741.  For 
some  years  after  he  was  engaged  in  the  instruction  of  youth,  and  in  theological  studies. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  among  the  Congregationalists,  if  indeed  he  was  not  or 
dained  a  minister  by  them.*  On  the  24th  of  May,  1752,  he  was  admitted  to  Deacon's 
Orders  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  having  shortly  afterwards  been  ordained  Priest, 
he  returned  to  his  native  country,  and  on  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Matthias  Plant,  Minis 
ter  of  Queen  Anne's  Church  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  took  charge  of  that  Parish. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  American  Revolution,  Mr.  Bass,  in  common  with  the 
other  Ministers  of  the  English  Church,  was  placed  in  a  situation  of  extreme  embar 
rassment. 

It  would  seem,  that  to  a  certain  extent,  he  complied  with  the  wishes  of  the  officers 
of  his  Church,  and  omitted  the  prayers  for  the  Royal  Family.  The  following  papers 
will  show  the  light  in  which  he  was  regarded  by  the  Society  in  England,  whose  Mis 
sionary  he  was.  In  writing  to  the  Secretary  of  that  Society,  under  date  of  Nov.  9th, 
1781,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says  :  "  At  the  earnest  request  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bass,  the  late 
Missionary  at  Newburyport,  I  venture  to  lay  before  you  the  following  representation 
of  his  circumstances  and  conduct,  and,  if  it  will  not  give  offence  to  the  Society,  I  beg 
you  will  communicate  it.  Two  gentlemen,  upon  whose  veracity  and  honor  I  can  entirely 
depend,  have  lately  been  with  me,  and  affirm  that  Mr.  Bass  is  a  most  sincere  friend  to 
Government ;  that  though  he  was  obliged  to  omit  the  usual  prayers  for  the  King,  yet 
he  never  could  be  induced  to  pray  for  the  revolters,  either  in  the  civil  or  military  de 
partment ;  that  he  has  always  refused  to  read  the  resolves,  declarations  or  any  other 
papers  appointed  by  rebel  authority  ;  that  he  has  been  of  great  service  in  moderating 
the  violent,  in  confirming  the  doubtful,  and  in  making  converts  of  such  as  would 
attend  to  his  arguments,  and  that  it  is  his  most  sincere  design  to  promote  the  interests 
of  the  Church,  and  the  supremacy  of  Br  tain  over  her  Colonies.  I  can  attest  the 
greater  part  of  the  above  account,  and  I  always  considered  him  as  an  honest,  worthy 
man,  and  I  am  authorized  to  observe  that  he  is  .he  more  deeply  affected  in  having  for 
feited  the  favor  of  that  venerable  body  which  he  served  so  long,  than  at  the  loss  of 
his  salary,  though  he  is  wholly  subsisted  by  charity."  In  reply  to  this  statement, 

*  u  The  bearer,  Mr.  Bass,  has  preached  for  some  time  among  the  dissenters,  to  good  acceptance.  F. 
MILLBB."— Hawkins"1  Missions  of  Church  of  England,  p.  219. 


APPENDIX.  313 


the  Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  says,  January  29'h,  1782 :  "  That  part  of  your 
letter  which  concerns  Mr.  Bass,  has  a  little  surprised  me,  since  among  other  witnesses 
of  his  disloyal  principles  and  conduct,  you  seem  to  have  been  among  the  number.  For 
when  Mr.  (Rev.  J.  "W.  W.)  Weeks  was  in  England,  he  assured  me  in  these  words  : 
'That  Mr.  Bass  went  so  far  as  to  preach  a  sermon,  exhorting  his  hearers  to  give  their 
money  liberally  for  clothing  the  *ebel  soldiers.  Mr.  Bailey,  my  brother,  was  present 
on  the  occasion,  and  heard  the  sermon.'  I  should  be  glad  if  you  would  explain  this 
and,  if  you  can,  reconcile  it  with  your  last  letter.  The  clergy  of  Boston,  in  the  begin 
ning  of  the  troubles,  disapproved  of  Mr.  Bass's  conduct,  and  wrote  over  that  he 
complied  too  far  with  the  prevailing  powers.  He  is  said  to  have  kept  all  the  Fasts, 
&c.,  appointed  by  Congress,  and  to  have  read  the  Declaration  of  Independency  in 
his  Church.  All  this  Mr.  Bass  must  clear  himself  of,  and  very  fully  too,  before  he 
can  be  restored  to  the  Society's  favor.  P.  S.  If  Mr.  Bass  had  been  truly  loyal,  I 
can't  see  how  it  was  possible  for  him  to  stay  at  Newburyport,  a  place  so  much  in  favor 
of  the  other  part." 

In  answering  this  letter,  May  4th,  of  the  same  year.  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says  :  "  With 
respect  to  Mr.  Bass,  and  the  information  I  gave  to  Mr.  Weeks,  the  case  is,  in  brief, 
as  follows  :  being  compelled  to  leave  my  family  to  avoid  confinement  on  board  a 
guard  ship,  I  wandered  through  the  country,  and  about  the  middle  of  November  came 
to  Newburyport,  and  was  at  Church  on  a  day  of  public  thanksgiving  appointed  by  the 
Congress.  Mr.  Bass  desired  me  to  preach,  but  I  refused,  assuring  him  that  I  would 
never  deliver  a  charity  sermon  to  collect  money  for  clothing  the  rebel  soldiers.  This 
I  repeated  soon  after  to  Mr.  Weeks,  but,  as  nearly  as  I  can  remember,  Mr.  Bass  gave 
us  a  general  discourse,  without  descending  to  particulars,  or  even  mentioning  the 
occasion  of  the  solemnity.  After  sermon,  the  collection  was  made.  Manv  refused  to 
contribute,  and  a  lady  of  some  distinction  declared  with  a  spirited  voice,  '  I  will  never 
give  a  single  penny  towards  the  support  of  rebels.'  This  bold  declaration  was  per 
haps  the  occasion  of  my  retaining  the  above  in  my  memory.  I  am  very  confident, 
both  from  the  repeated  assertions  of  Mr.  Bass  himself,  arid  other  circumstances,  that 
he  refused  to  read  the  Declaration  of  Independency,  and  he  became,  on  that  account, 
extremely  obnoxious  to  the  violent  party.  I  am  certain  that  he  was  publicly  reported 
for  a  Tory,  and  I  was,  one  evening  just  upon  my  arrival  at  his  house,  witness  to  a 
scene  equally  ludicrous  and  indecent,  for  as  he  was  returning  from  an  entertainment 
with  his  wife,  he  was  pursued  along  the  street  by  near  two  hundred  persons,  who  pelted 
him  with  dirt  and  stones,  and  treated  him  with  the  most  indelicate  language.  *  * 
On  the  whole,  I  am  persuaded  that  Mr.  Bass  was  conducted  into  his  deviations,  not 
from  even  the  least  inclination  to  the  cause  of  the  revolters,  but  from  a  mistaken  zeal 
for  the  Church,  which,  he  imagined,  in  some  measure,  would  justify  his  compliance." 
Rev.  S.  Parker,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Dec.  22, 
1782.  "Mr."  (Rev.  J.  W.)  "  Weeks  was  dismissed  from  the  Society's  service  with 
much  greater  reason,  I  think,  than  poor  brother  Bass,  whose  loyalty  during  the  whole 
contest  has  stood  unimpeached." 

The  following  is  from  a  letter  from  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  Newburyport,  Dec.  29th, 
1783  :  "  That  I  showe  1  a  readiness  to  keep  all  the  Congress  Fasts,  as  Dr.  Morice  hath 
been  informed,  is  not  true.  I  complied  with  much  reluctance.  It  is  indeed  true  that 
I  did  generally  open  my  Church  on  those  days,  but  not  in  consequence  of  orders  or 
commands  from  any  Rebel  authority  whatever,  none  of  whose  papers  I  ever  once 
read  in  Church,  but  of  the  earnest  request  of  my  parishioners,  who  represented  it  to 
me  as  the  only  probable  way  of  saving  the  Church  from  destruction,  while  people  in 
general  were  in  such  a  frenzy.  Besides  a  number  of  private  letters  written  by  my 
friends  in  my  favor,  my  wardens  did  last  year  sign  a  testimonial  of  my  loyalty:  the 
Hon'ble  Mark  H.  Wentworth  and  George  Jaftrey  presented  me  with  another,  which 
I  begged  the  favor  of  Governor  Wentworth  to  present  to  the  Society." 

40 


314  APPENDIX. 


In  a  postscript  to  a  letter  from  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  in  the  Spring  of  1784,  he  says  :  "  By 
the  good  offices  of  your  Brother  Weeks,  this  Church  is,  Ithink,  like  to  fall  very  soon." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  March  7th,  1787:  "  I  received 
a  letter  from  you  last  November,  with  your  remarks  upon  the  Society.*  Our  Brother 
Clark,  formerly  of  Dedham,  was  present,  from  whom  I  chiefly  collected  the  following 
account  of  your  affairs.  After  Mr.  Weeks  had  procured,  by  his  representations,  a 
suspension  of  your  pay,  my  letters  and  other  testimonials  arrived  in  your  favour, 
which  induced  the  Board  to  revise  your  case,  and  to  make  some  further  enquiries.  In 
consequence  of  which,  one  Salter  was  produced,  who  declared  upon  oath  that  he  had 
been  a  parishioner  of  yours  ;  that  you  omitted  all  the  prayers  for  His  Majesty,  etc., 
observed  all  the  rebellious  fasts  and  thanksgivings,  and  read  the  Declaration  for  Inde 
pendence,  without  the  advice,  and  contrary  to  the  desire  of  your  Parish,  and  that  you 
not  only  encouraged  privateering,  but  was  actually  engaged  in  the  plunder  of  British 
property.  (Quere,  who  was  this  Salter  ?  Was  it  not  Malachi,  who  visited  New  Eng 
land  in  the  autumn  of  1777,  and  who  afterwards  made  a  voyage  to  London  ?)  This 
evidence,  however,  greatly  increased,  or  rather  confirmed  every  prejudice  against  you. 
After  this,  your  friends  exhibited  several  circumstances  in  your  favour,  and  had  so  far 
elucidated  your  character,  that  a  restoration  was  almost  agreed  to.  Upon  which  Mr. 
Clark  was  examined  for  a  deciding  voice,  the  Arch-Bishop  assuring  him  that  should 
his  testimony  prove  favourable,  the  Society  would  confirm  your  salary.  But  this  gen 
tleman,  it  appears,  declared  upon  his  honour,  that  he  regarded  you  as  a  friend  to  the 
rebellion,  upon  which  they  immediately  passed  a  vote  of  reprobation.  I  have  had 
several  warm  altercations  with  Mr.  Clark  on  this  subject,  and  have  demanded  the 
foundation  of  his  opinion.  In  reply,  he  alleges,  that  upon  a  visit  with  Mrs.  Bass,  at 
Dedham,  he  conceived  that  both  you  and  your  lady  were  greatly  attached  to  the  rebel 
lion  ;  but,  I  conjecture,  that  he  was  chiefly  influenced  in  his  sentiments  by  what  Mr. 
Weeks  and  others  had  asserted." 

Several  letters  from  Mr.  Bass  of  a  later  date  are  preserved.  They  relate  mainly  to 
domestic  matters.  Some  of  them  inclosed  letters  to  his  brothers  Joseph  and  John 
Bass,  then  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mr.  Bailey. 

The  degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  on  Mr.  Bass  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
in  1789.  Seven  years  after,  Dr.  Bass  was  chosen  Bishop  of  Massachusetts,  and  in 
1797  was  consecrated  in  Philadelphia,  by  Bishop  White;  Bishops  Provost  and  Claggett 
assisting.  At  the  request  of  the  Churches  in  Rhode  Island  and  New  Hampshire,  he 
exercised  his  Episcopate  in  those  States.  Until  his  death,  which  happened  in  1803, 
he  retained  the  charge  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  Newburyport,  which  he  had  held  for 
the  long  space  of  fifty-one  years.  He  is  yet  remembered  in  Newburyport,  as  a  person 
of  a  remarkably  cheerful  and  even  temperament,  a  lover  of  peace,  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  have,  on  some  occasions,  sacrificed  his  own  undoubted  rights,  rather  than  to  con 
tend  with  avaricious  and  quarrelsome  neighbors.  Such  traits  are  remembered  when 
even  the  learning  of  their  subject  is  forgotten.  From  the  unusual  advantages  he  pos 
sessed  in  youth,  and  his  diligent  habits  at  that  time,  it  is  probable  that  his  acquire 
ments  were  greater  than  common. 

A  marble  monument,  with  a  Latin  inscription,  written  by  his  assistant  and  suc 
cessor  in  the  Rectorship,  the  late  Rev.  James  Morss,  D.  D.,  is  erected  to  his  memory 
in  the  Churchyard  of  St.  Paul's,  Newburyport. 

*This  probably  relates  to  a  pamphlet  published  by  Mr.  Bass,  of  which  the  following  is  the  title  : 
u  A  brief  Account  of  the  treatment  which  Mr.  Bass,  late  Missionary  from  the  Society  for  the  Prop 
agation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  at  Newbury-Port,  New  England,  hath  received  from  said 
Society.  Drawn  up  by  Himself,  with  Ilemarks  upon  particular  Parts  of  it,  and  addressed  to  the  im 
partial  Public.  Admonish  a  Friend,  it  may  be  he  hath  not  done  it.  Admonish  thy  Friend,  it  may  be 
he  hath  not  said  it.  Admonish  a  Friend,  for  many  Times  it  is  a  Slander,  and  believe  not  every  Tale.— 
Eccles.  xix.  13, 14, 15.  London :  Printed  in  the  Year  MDCCLXXXVI." 


APPENDIX.  315 


The  writer  of  the  above  heard  Rev.  Dr.  Morss  relate  the  following  anecdote  a  few 
years  since:  — 

About  the  time  that  the  monument  to  Bishop  Bass  was  erected,  the  Rector  of  the 
Parish  preached  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  which  sermon  con 
tained  a  warm  eulogy  on  the  deceased.  A  democratic  parishioner  shortly  after  met 
his  Rector,  and  observed:  "Mr.  Morss,  if  your  inscription  on  good  Bishop  Bass's 
monument  had  been  in  English,  and  your  eulogy  on  Alexander  Hamilton  had  been  in 
Latin,  I.  for  one,  should  have  been  much  better  pleased." 

The  present  writer  would  beg  leave  to  say,  that  he  fully  agrees  with  the  parishioner 
in  that  part  of  his  observation  which  refers  to  Bishop  Bass.  As  the  memory  of  a 
devoted  minister  or  bishop  should  be  dear  to  the  humblest  of  those  under  his  charge, 
so,  it  would  seem  to  be  self-evident,  that  enduring  tributes  to  his  virtues  should  be  in 
a  language  that  all  interested  can  read.  They  who  have  acquired  a  world-wide  repu 
tation  may  be  commemorated  in  a  language  common  to  the  learned  in  all  lands.  But 
he  whose  praise  it  was,  that  he  did  the  work  of  his  Divine  Master  in  a  faithful  spirit, 
can  look  for  no  extensive  renown.  While  no  reason  can  be  given  for  the  use  of  that 
which  is  "  an  unknown  tongue  "  to  the  great  mass  of  those  who  would  gladly  read 
his  epitaph,  the  employment  of  such  a  tongue  of  course  virtually  defeats,  in  no  small 
degree,  the  object  for  which  his  monument  was  erected. 

REV.  JOSHUA  WINGATE   WEEKS,   Rector  of  St.  Michael's 
Church,  Marble  head,  Mass. 

JOSHUA  WINGATE  WEEKS  was  the  oldest  child  of  Col.  John  and  Mrs.  Martha 
Weeks,  and  was  born  in  Hampton,  N.  H.,  17 — .  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1758,  and  married  Miss  Sarah  Treadwell,  of  Ipswich,  Mass. 

In  November,  1762,  the  Vestry  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblehead,  "  Voted,  that 
the  Sum  of  £30  Sterling  be  Laid  on  the  pews  of  said  Church  to  Defray  the  Charge  of 
Mr.  Weeks  Going  home  to  London  to  Receive  Orders  for  said  Church." 

His  marriage,  as  he  states  in  a  letter,  dated  London,  March,  1763,  took  place  before 
he  left  America.  He  returned  to  Marblehead  in  July  of  that  year,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  but  did  not  reside  there  wholly  till  after  the 
lapse  of  one  year.  No  hint  is  to  be  found  of  the  reason  of  his  leaving  the  faith  of 
his  family,  who  were  all  Congregationalist?,  and  seeking  for  Orders  in  the  Church  of 
England. 

Several  letters,  which  passed  between  him  and  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  are  in  existence. 
From  these,  it  would  seem  that  the  first  eleven  years  of  his  Rectorship  at  Marblehead 
were  passed  in  quiet  enjoyment.  During  that  time  he  made  several  visits  to  Pownal- 
borough,  and  purchased  about  eighty  acres  of  land,  which,  to  the  present  day,  bear 
his  name.  A  letter  of  his,  of  the  date  of  Nov.  10th,  1774,  contains  gloomy  forebod 
ings  as  to  himself  and  his  family.  The  following  year  he  and  they  were  driven  from 
Marblehead,  by  political  persecutions,  and  were  obliged  to  seek  refuge  with  Rev.  Mr. 
Bailey,  at  Pownalborough.  Some  account  of  this  is  given  in  the  previous  Memoir, 
p.  108.  They  were  here,  at  times,  at  least,  from  April,  1775,  to  May  of  the  following 
year.  His  family  resided  in  Pownalborough  during  that  time.  In  June  of  that  year, 
Mr.  Weeks  and  his  family  returned  to  Marblehead.  In  a  letter  from  that  place  to 
Mr.  Bailey,  dated  April  29th,  1777,  Mr.  Weeks  says  :  "  You  ask  me  '  how  I  live  ? '  I 
am  happy  to  tell  you  that  my  friends  are  uncommonly  kind,  and  even  strangers  are 
remarkably  liberal,  and  I  have  received  the  most  unlimited  offers  from  persons  I  never 
knew."  *  *  "You  ask,  '  why  I  ceased  to  officiate  ? '  Because  the  General  Court 
passed  an  Act  against  preaching,  or  praying,  with  a  design  of  bringing  independence 


316  APPENDIX. 


into  disgrace,  etc.,  etc.  My  being  obliged  to  fly  and  the  treatment  I  received  were 
fully  related  in  the  English  papers,  and  from  thence  were  inserted  in  the  monthly 
Magazines,  etc." 

Mr.  Weeks  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey  from  Boston,  May  2d,  1778.  He  says  :  "  I  am  here 
in  order  to  get  liberty  from  the  Court  to  go  away,  but  have  the  mortification  to  find 
my  petition  rejected  by  the  House  after  having  been  fully  and  literally  granted  by  the 
Council  by  an  unanimous  vote.  So  there  is  an  end  of  thinking  to  go  away  by  leave. 
Mr.  Clark  of  Dedham  hath  liberty  to  go,  though  I  am  detained." 

A  letter  from  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  addressed  to  him  at 
Newport,  R.  I.,  dated  Nov.  28th,  1778,  says:  "  I  was  driven  from  the  regions  of  Ken- 
nebeck  about  the  12th  of  July,  by  a  warrant,  to  Boston.  Upon  my  arrival  I  found  that 
you  were  fled,  from  a  prosecution  of  the  like  nature,  to  Rhode  Island."  Joseph  Domette 
•wrote  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Boston,  Dec.  I,  of  this  year :  "  Mr.  Gardiner  arrived  at  New 
York  too  late  to  see  either  his  father,  or  Mr.  Weeks,  who  had  sailed  for  England." 
In  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  the  following  was  written  by  Rev.  William  Clark, 
at  London  :  "  The  Rev.  Mr.  Weeks,  being  driven  from  the  large  and  flourishing 
Church  of  Marblehead,  left  that  Province  soon  after  I  did,  and  for  similar  reasons, 
and  is  now  going  to  Nova  Scotia  with  a  recommendation  from  the  Society  here  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  of  that  Province."  Mr.  Bailey,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  a  few 
months  after,  says  :  "  I  am  sorry  to  find  that  Mr.  Weeks  meets  with  any  obstructions 
to  his  settlement  at  Annapolis.  The  Governor  and  Council,  for  certain  impenetrable 
reasons,  seem  determined  to  retain  Mr.  Fisher  in  that  Mission."  And  shortly  after, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  About  three  weeks  after  my  settlement  at  Halifax,  Mr.  Weeks 
arrived  from  England,  which  afforded  a  great  addition  to  our  happiness.  He  is  ap 
pointed  Missionary  at  Annapolis  Royal,  with  a  salary  of  £140  per  Annum,  but  will 
continue  at  present  in  this  Metropolis."  He  continued  there  from  July  16th,  to  Sep 
tember  7th,  when  he  sailed  for  New  York.  While  he  was  at  that  place,  he  says  :  "  The 
Refugees  from  Massachusetts  Bay  had  a  meeting  to  choose  a  proper  person  to  repre 
sent  them  at  the  Board.  They  condescended  to  choose  me  Moderator.  I  thought  it 
an  honour,  and  a  great  one,  nor  shall  I  ever  be  ashamed  of  such  company.  For  when 
I  looked  around  me  I  beheld  men  eminent  for  their  abilities,  their  birth,  their  opu 
lence  and  connexions  ;  and  had  the  cause  in  which  we  had  been  engaged  been  a  bad 
one,  men  of  such  character  would  have  added  lustre  to  it,  and  made  it  respectable." 
A  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Breynton,  Nov.  27th,  1779,  says  :  "  You  are  no  stranger  to  the 
arrival  of  Mrs.  Weeks  and  her  eight  children.  Besides  some  donations,  Mrs.  Weeks 
will  be  allowed  about  5  shillings  per  diem,  and  Mr.  Weeks  will  be  directed  to  draw  for 
the  Society's  £70,  and  the  other  £70  will  be  given  to  (Rev.)  JVJr.  Fisher,  till  the  whole 
of  that  affair  can  be  finally  settled." 

It  was  not  till  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  that  Weeks  was  able  to  join  his 
family  in  Halifax.  In  the  following  summer  he  writes  :  "  Rogers  has  been  with  me, 
and  offered  me  one  of  his  battalions,  you  know  he  came  from  the  same  Province." 

Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  July  28th,  1784:  "  What 
ever  might  be  the  motives  which  induced  Mr.  Weeks  in  his  endeavors  to  injure  you,* 
it  has  returned  upon  himself,  and  he  is  at  present  in  no  eligible  situation  ;  in  the  ex 
pensive  town  of  Halifax,  with  a  large  family  he  is  reduced  to  about  sixty  Pounds,  as 
half-pay  Chaplain  to  the  Orange  Rangers,  and  fifty-two  guineas,  which  are  deducted 
from  my  perquisites."  In  the  summer  of  the  following  year,  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  writ 
ing  to  a  friend  :  "  As  to  Mr.  Weeks,  he  has  been  to  England,  and.  after  writing  three 
humiliating  letters  to  the  Society,  was  admitted  candidate  for  a  vacancy,  with  this 
express  condition,  on  record,  that  he  should  first  resign  the  contested  Chaplainship. 


See  letter  from  Bishop  Bass,  page  201. 


APPENDIX.  317 

But  such  was  his  inflexible  obstinacy  and  steadfast  determination  to  injure  me,  that 
he  refused,  and  returned  to  Halifax,  though  he  might  have  been  settled  at  Digby." 

This  matter  of  the  chaplainship  is  spoken  of  in  the  foregoing  Memoir,  pp.  237,  238. 
It  was  the  means  of  suspending  all  intercourse  between  the  family  of  Mr.  Bailey,  and 
that  of  his  brother-in-law,  nor  is  there  any  evidence  that  this  intercourse  was  ever 
restored.  All  that  is  known  by  the  present  writer  of  the  subsequent  life  of  Mr. 
Weeks,  is  contained  in  "  Aikin's  Sketch  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Church  of 
England,  etc.  Halifax:  1849."  The  author  of  this  work  says,  p.  49,  "The  names 
and  stations  of  the  Clergy  in  the  Diocese  (of  Nova  Scotia)  at  this  time,  (i.  e.,  1793,) 
were  as  follows  :  Joshua  W.  Weeks,  at  Preston."  And  in  a  note  at  the  foot  of  the 
same  page,  "  Removed  to  Guysborough  in  1795,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  De  la  Roche." 
The  Triennial  Catalogue  of  Harvard  College  gives  1894  as  the  date  of  his  death. 

REV.  WILLIAM  CLARK,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dedham, 
Massachusetts. 

This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Peter  Clark,  of  Danvers,  Mass.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1759,  and  returned  from  London  to  Boston,  (whither  he  had 
gone  to  take  Holy  Orders,)  in  a  ship  commanded  by  Capt.  Hall,  in  1769.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  charge  of  the  Church  in  Stoughton  and  Dedham. 

Mr.  Clark  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Dedham,  July  10th,  1772,  and  expressed  his  desire  to 
obtain  the  Parish  at  Georgetown,  Me.,  because  the  salary  at  Dedham  was  small,  and 
likely  to  remain  so,  until  the  estate  belonging  to  the  Parish  in  reversion  should  fall  in. 
In  1771,  the  inhabitants  of  the  two  townships  (i.  e.  Granville  and  ,)  addressed  an 

invitation  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Clark,  the  Missionary  at  Dedham,  Mass.,  to  come  and  settle 
among  them,  promising,  at  the  same  time,  to  contribute  towards  his  support.  They 
stated  that  the  greater  part  of  them  had  "  been  educated  and  brought  up  in  the  Con 
gregational  way  of  worship,  and  therefore  should  have  chosen  to  have  a  minister  of 
that  form  of  worship,  but  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wood,  by  his  preaching,  and  performing  the 
other  offices  of  his  holy  function  amongst  us  in  the  several  districts  of  this  county, 
hath  removed  our  former  prejudices  that  we  had  against  the  forms  of  worship  of  the 
Church  of  England,  as  bylaw  established,  and  hath  won  us  to  a  good  opinion  thereof, 
inasmuch  as  he  hath  removed  all  our  scruples  of  receiving  the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  in  that  form  of  administering  it ;  at  least  many  of  us  are  now  com 
municants  with  him,  and  we  trust  and  believe  many  more  will  soon  be  added."  * 

Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  says,  May  2d,  1778  :  "  Mr.  Clark  hath  leave  to  go  out  of  the 
country,  but  I  am  refused."  The  same  person,  in  writing  shortly  after  to  the  Venera 
ble  Society,  saysf:  "  Mr.  Clark,  of  Dedham,  on  account  of  his  health,  got  liberty  of 
the  rebels  to  go  to  Newport.  He  is  excessively  deaf,  so  that  he  cannot  perform  divine 
service.  Some  refugees  and  inhabitants  of  Newport  had  subscribed  about  £30  sterling 
for  his  support.  Though  he  has  no  family  but  a  wife,  yet  he  is  in  great  need,  and 
merits  compassion  from  all.  He  was  taken  up  last  year  and  tried  at  the  same  time  I 
was,  and  his  lawyer  deceiving  him  by  going  out  of  town  when  he  ought  to  have  been 
in  court,  he  was,  without  the  least  colour  of  evidence  against  him,  condemned,  and 
confined  for  some  time  on  board  the  guard  ship,  by  which  his  health  was  much  injured, 
and  his  voice  so  affected  that  he  can  hardly  be  understood."  Mr.  Clark  writes,  Lon 
don,  March  3d,  1779  :  "  I  had  the  happiness  to  live  in  peace  at  Dedham  till  the  spring 
of  1777,  when  their  jealousy  being  excited  by  a  trifling  occasion,  I  was  sentenced  to 
banishment  and  confined  on  board  a  ship,  for  nothing  more  than  refusing  to  acknowl 
edge  the  Independency  of  America,  which  was  contrary  to  the  sentiments  I  had  of 


'  Hawkins'  Missions,  &c. ,  p.  361-2.  -f  Hawkins1  Missions,  p.  256. 


APPENDIX. 

my  duty  to  my  king,  my  country,  and  my  God.  I  was,  however,  kept  a  prisoner  till 
last  June,  when  1  got  permission  to  leave  their  dominions,  and  after  spending  a  few 
months  at  Rhode  Island  and  New  York,  1  left  America  about  Christmas,  and  arrived 
here  in  February  by  way  of  Ireland.  By  my  confinement  in  America,  I  contracted  a 
disorder,  which  disables  me  from  preaching,  and  whether  I  shall  ever  recover  from  it 
is  at  present  uncertain."  In  answer  to  a  remark  of  Mr.  Clark's  letter  of  November 
of  this  year—"  I  have  not  heard  since  I  left  her  in  Rhode  Island  about  a  year  ago."— 
Mr.  Bailey  replies  :  "I  saw  Mr.  Weeks  last  July,  and  made  particular  inquiries  con 
cerning  the  death  of  Mrs.  Clark,  and  all  the  information  I  could  obtain  was,  that  she 
died  about  the  middle  of  September,  a  fortnight  after  her  delivery,  and  that  her  child 
did  not  long  survive  her."  Under  date  of  London,  May  21st,  1783,  Mr.  Clark  writes  : 
"  I  have  now  the  satisfaction  to  inform  you  that  Government  granted  me  a  pension  of 
£60  per  annum,  and  I  have  lately  got  leave  to  retire  to  Nova-Scotia  and  enjoy  my 
pension  there."  It  was  not  till  more  than  three  years  after  this  that  Mr.  Clark  was 
enabled  to  realize  his  wish  of  returning  to  America.  In  his  letter  from  Halifax,  June 
23,  1786,  he  writes :  "  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  inform  you  that  I  arrived  here  21st 
instant,  in  the  Trooper,  Capt.  Browse,  after  a  tedious  passage  of  eight  weeks  from 
London."  In  the  autumn  of  the  same,  Mr.  Clark  was  residing  with  the  Rev.  J.  Bailey 
at  Annapolis.  Shortly  after,  Mr.  Bailey  said  in  his  report  to  the  Venerable  Society : 
"  The  Rev.  Mr.  Clark  is  with  me,  and  has  assisted  in  administering  the  sacrament  and 
reading  prayers,  and  I  am  encouraged  by  his  increasing  health,  to  hope  that  he  may 
be  able  to  perform  service  with  still  greater  satisfaction  to  himself  and  others."  And 
afterwards,  in  a  letter  to  a  correspondent,  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "  Mr.  Clark  was  married 
about  the  20th  November  last  and  lives  at  the  next  door,  so  that  I  have  still  the  benefit 
of  his  Millenary  library."  And  in  another  letter  Mr.  B.  says  :  "  Mr.  Clark  is  married 
to  a  little,  pretty,  delicate,  chattering  woman,  about  twenty-eight,  as  unable  to  rough 
it  as  himself.  It  is  a  disadvantage  to  Mr.  C.,  that  he  is  totally  ignorant  of  gardening 
and  farming."  From  a  previous  communication,  we  learn  that  the  lady's  name  was 
Mrs.  D  unbar,  a  young  widow  from  New  York. 

Mr.  Clark  had  removed  to  Digby,  N.  S.,  previous  to  June  2d,  1787,  for  he  wrote  to 
Mr.  Bailey  under  that  date.  In  that  letter  he  says  :  "  It  seems  that  a  number,  perhaps 
forty  or  fifty,  of  half-pay  officers  and  loyalists  of  this  Province  were  represented 
as  apostates,  and  loitering  away  their  time  and  money  in  the  rebel  countr\ ,  of  which 
number  I  had  the  honor  to  be  reckoned  one,  and  consequently  my  pension  was  stopped 
on  this  pretence,  even  before  I  had  arrived  at  Annapolis  the  last  summer,  but  my 
agent,  by  his  vigilance,  got  a  reprieve  for  me  and  two  others  he  names,  till  5th  July 
next,  in  order  to  give  them  time  to  let  them  know  that  I  continued  loyal,  alive,  and 
in  stahi  quo.  *  *  *  The  Wardens  here  have  asked  me  to  preach,  which  I  de 
clined,  as  I  ever  wished  to  begin  the  trial  by  reading  prayers  only."  Mr.  Clark  was  in 
Digby  Oct.  6,  1789.  He  returned  to  this  country  and  resided  in  Quincy.  He  died  in 
1815,  and  was  buried  in  the  church-yard  of  his  last  residence,  his  grave  being  marked 
by  a  monument,  the  inscription  of  which  is  in  Latin. 

REV.  JOHN  WISWALL,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Falmouth, 
(now  Portland,)  Maine. 

WM.  WILLIS.  Esq.,  in  his  laborious  and  accurate  edition  of  Smith's  Journal,  page 
150,  note  1,  gives  an  account  of  this  gentlemen,  from  which  I  extract  that  portion 
which  relates  to  him  up  to  the  time  of  his  leaving  the  country  :  "  Mr.  Wiswall  was 
born  in  Boston,  the  son  of  John  Wiswall  who  kept  the  Grammar  School  there.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1749,  and  pursued  the  study  of  Divinity  as  a  Con- 
gregationalist,  in  which  order  he  was  settled  over  the  new  Casco  parish  in  Falmouth 
in  1756.  In  1761,  he  married  Mary  Minot,  of  Brunswick,  daughter  of  John  Minot, 


APPENDIX.  319 


afterwards  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 
In  1764  he  changed  his  religious  views,  and  accepted  the  invitation  of  the  Episco 
palians  on  the  Neck,  who  had  just  established  the  first  Episcopal  Society  which 
existed  in  town,  and  immediately  went  to  England  to  receive  ordination.  The  same 
year  his  Society  erected  a  Church  for  him  on  the  corner  of  Church  and  Middle  Str  ets, 
which  was  completed  the  next  year.  Mr.  Wiswall  returned  in  May,  1765,  and  con 
tinued  to  preach  to  his  people,  respectable  in  number  and  character,  till  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Revolution,  when  his  church  was  burned,  and  his  flock,  who  were  generally 
opposed  to  the  separation  from  the  Mother  Country,  were  scattered  abroad." 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  a  letter  dated  London,  August  7th,  1783,  says  :  "  Poor  Wis 
wall  has  been  in  the  West  Indies  three  years,  in  the  ship  Boyne."  Two  years  after 
this  a  letter  from  England,  says  :  "  Mr.  Wiswall  is  at  a  curacy  in  Suffolk,  where  his 
engagement  is  only  for  a  short  time."  The  next  year  he  arrived  at  Cornwallis,  N.  S., 
having  been  appointed  Missionary  to  that  place.  He  wrote  Mr.  Bailey,  Oct.  1,  1783: 
"  This  week  we  chose  our  Church  officers.  Sunday  I  intend  to  read  in,  and  then  Col. 
Burbidge  will  apply  ta  the  Governor  for  a  letter  of  Induction.  *  *  I  am  desirous 
that  you  should  be  the  clergyman  to  induct  me."  Mr.  Bailey  says,  under  date  of 
March  2d,  1784  :  "  I  have  just  returned  from  a  journey  to  Cornwallis,  undertaken  to 
marry  our  brother  Wiswali,  late  of  Falmouth,  to  one  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  a  worthy  wo 
man  from  New  York,  who  has  been  visited,  during  the  late  dissensions,  with  a  singular 
and  affecting  train  of  calamities."  In  a  letter  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  July  28th,  1784,  Mr. 
Bailey  says  :  "  When  your  agreeable  and  welcome  Irtter  was  delivered  into  my  hands, our 
brother  Wiswall  was  present,  himself,  his  wife,  and  her  youngest  daughter,  being  on  a 
visit  to  our  habitation.  This  observation  will  naturally  conduct  me  to  answer  your 
queries  respecting  that  sensible  and  original  genius  and  his  connections.  His  salary 
from  England  is  only  one  hundred  pounds  sterling,  for  the  Society  allow  the  Mission 
aries  here  the  exact  sum  they  formerly  had  in  New  England,  but  then  he  has  a  parson 
age,  worth  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  a  year,  and  a  decent  house,  with  fuel.  His 
wife,  about  forty-eight  years  of  age,  is  a  Refugee  from  (Carolina)  the  Jersies.  Her 
fortune  has  been  somewhat  singular  and  very  distressing  since  the  commencement 
of  the  late  Revolution.  Her  husband  was  drowned.  One  son  was  kicked  to  death 
by  a  horse.  A  second  lost  his  life  by  shipwreck  ;  and  the  other  was  hanged  by  the 
rebels,  as  he  was  attempting  to  visit  his  parents.  She  has  remaining  one  son  and 
two  daughters,  and  still  possesses  about  two  thousand  pounds,  the  gleanings  of  a 
very  ample  estate.  Her  daughters  have  a  thousand  pounds  each,  lately  left  them  by 
their  grandfather  in  England.  She  appears  to  be  a  very  clever  woman,  is  sociable, 
and  so  prudent  in  the  management  of  family  affairs,  that  we  may  with  propriety  apply 
to  her  what  was  heretofore  said  of  Mrs.  Weeks,  '  She  has  abundance  of  saving  knowl 
edge.'  Mr.  Wiswall  has  two  sons,  both  lieutenants  in  the  navy,  the  eldest,  Peleg,  is 
at  Halifax,  and  the  other,  John,  has  just  arrived  from  Europe." 

Mr.  Wiswall  left  Cornwallis  previous  to  October,  1789. 

In  1798,  he  was  Missionary  at  Wilmot  and  Aylesford*     He  died  in  1812. 

REV.  ROGER  VIETS,  Rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Simsbury, 

Connecticut. 

This  gentleman  was  introduced  to  Mr.  Bailey,  by  a  letter  for  Rev.  Dr.  Byles,  of 
Halifax,  July  5th,  1786,  in  which  he  says  :  "  This  will  be  handed  you  by  Mr.  Viets, 
formerly  Missionary  at  Simsbury,  but  now  appointed  to  Digby."  He  passed  the  sum 
mer  at  his  Mission,  returning  in  the  autumn  to  Simsbury.  The  next  year  he  removed 


*  Aikin's  Sketch,  etc.,  p.  48. 


320  APPENDIX. 

with  his  family  to  JMova  Scotia,  and  entered  on  the  duties  of  his  new  Parish.  He 
issued  "  A  Serious  Address  and  Farewell  Charge  to  the  Members  of  the  Church  of 
England  in  Simsbury  and  the  adjacent  parts,"  which  was  printed  in  Hartford,  in 
1787.  He  says,  in  this  pamphlet  :  "  Having  led  your  devotions  almost  twenty-eight 
years,  more  than  twenty-four  of  which  I  have  been  in  Holy  Orders,"  etc.,  and  proceeds 
to  give  a  summary  of  some  of  the  statistics  of  the  parish  during  that  time.  Among 
them  is,  "  Baptisms,  Adults,  122;  Infants,  1749.  From  the  year  1759  to  the  present 
time,  the  number  of  conformists  to  the  Church  has  increased  from  75  to  more  than 
280  families,  exclusive  of  the  many  that  have  emigrated  and  the  few  that  have  aposta 
tized/' 

In  1789,  Mr.  Yiets  published,  at  Hartford,  three  sermons  preached  in  Digby  during 
that  and  the  preceding  year.  The  following  is  part  of  the  dedication  prefixed  to 
them  :  — 

To 
THE  RIGHT  REVEREND 


THE  LEARNED, 

THE  Pious, 
THE  RESPECTED, 

AND 

RESPECTABLE 

*/  Jfova  £?cctia,   $e.    Sfc. 
THESE  DISCOURSES, 
etc. 

The  singularity  shown  in  this  dedication  by  Mr.  Viets  was,  (as  it  would  seem  from 
Mr.  Bailey's  letters  to  their  mutual  acquaintance,)  also  apparent  in  some  of  his  other 
actions.  Only  one  letter  of  Mr.  Viets'  to  Mr.  Bailey  has  been  preserved.  It  is  dated 
December  14th,  1799,  and  is  occupied  with  complaints  that  unauthorized  persons 
solemnized  marriages  in  the  neighborhood.  It  urges  Mr.  Bailey  to  proceed  legally 
against  such  offenders.  Mr.  Viets  died  at  Digby  in  1811,  aged  seventy-four. 

DR.   MATHER  BYLES,  JR.,  Rector  of  Christ    Church,    Boston, 

Mass. 

The  first  of  Dr.  Byles'  letters  found  among  Mr.  Bailey's  papers,  is  the  one  notifying 
Mr.  B.  of  the  collection  made  in  England  for  the  benefit  of  the  suffering  clergy  in 
America.  An  extract  from  this  letter  was  given  on  p.  119.  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  writes, 
Halifax,  June  llth,  1780,  and  says  :  "  Dr.  Byles  goes  to  him,  (i.  e.,  Col.  Rogers,)  and 
after  melancholy  accounts  of  his  own  poverty,  begged  Rogers  to  give  him  the  first 
battalion.  Rogers  without  any  hesitation  gave  him  a  warrant.  I  have  not  seen  him 
(i.  e.,  Rogers,)  since,  indeed  he  is  now  in  gaol,  but  when  I  do  see  him,  I  am  determined 
to  reproach  him  for  his  silly  and  inconsiderate  behaviour."  About  a  month  after  the 
date  of  this  letter,  Dr.  Byles  wrote  Mr.  Bailey  from  the  same  place,  stating  that  he 
(Mr.  B.,)  could  probably  obtain  the  chaplaincy  of  one  of  the  battalions  spoken  of,  if 


APPENDIX.  321 

"  he  were  on  the  spot "  to  apply  for  it.    The  letter  of  Dr.  Byles,  declining  the  Mission 
to  Annapolis  in  favor  of  Mr.  Bailey,  has  been  given  on  p.  187. 

This  was  but  one  evidence  of  the  friendly  interest  the  Doctor  took  in  Mr.  B.'s  con 
cerns,  since  by  his  letters  from  Halifax,  during  the  three  following  years,  it  seems  that 
he  was  exerting  himself  in  various  Ways  to  procure  the  full  emoluments  of  the  Mission 
at  Annapolis  for  its  incumbent.  The  son  of  Dr.  Byles  says,  in  a  letter,  Halifax,  Nov. 
25th,  1784:  "  I  have  no  intelligence  of  any  moment  from  my  father,  except  that  he 
has  obtained  a  War  office  commission  for  his  Chaplaincy  to  this  garrison,  which  fixes 
it  for  life."  The  subject  of  this  notice  returned  to  Halifax  from  England,  in  May, 
1785,  where  he  remained  at  least  till  July  of  the  following  year,  and  till  "  about  1791, 
when  he  was  appointed  to  St.  Johns,  N.  B."*  But  Mr.  Bailey  in  his  letter,  June  6th, 
1789,  congratulates  him  on  his  appointment  to  St.  Johns.  In  February,  1794,  he  was 
at  St.  Johns,  N.  B.  The  last  letter  from  him  is  dated  at  the  same  place,  25th  August, 
1796.  He  died  at  St.  Johns,  in  1814. 

REV.  BISSETT,  Rector  of   Trinity  Church,  Newport, 

Rhode  Island. 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters  says,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  dated  Pimlico,  England,  April 
24th,  1786:  "Mr.  Bissett,  late  of  Rhode  Island,  is  appointed  to  the  City  of  St. 
Johns,  if  he  gets  there  before  either  Scovil  or  Andrews  from  Connecticut.  One  is  to 
abide  at  St.  Croix,  the  other  at  Chedebucto,  near  the  Gut  of  Canso,  but  as  Scovil  and 
Andrews  have  petitioned  for  Chedebucto,  perhaps  they  will  be  appointed  there  before 
Christinas.  Mr.  Bissett  is  a  very  sensible  man,  a  good  scholar  and  compiler  of  ser 
mons,  although  too  bashful  to  appear  in  company,  or  in  the  pulpit."  In  a  letter  from 
Rev.  William  Clark,  Halifax,  June  23d,  1786,  he  says  :  "  Rev.  Mr.  Bissett,  wife  and 
family  came  passengers  with  me.  Mr.  Bissett  is  appointed  Missionary  at  St.  Johns." 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  under  date  of  March  7th,  1788 :  "  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bissett  died  lately, 
at  St.  Johns." 

REV.  SAMUEL  PETERS,  D.  D.,  Rector  of   St.  Peter's  Church, 
Hebron,  Connecticut. 

Several  letters  from  this  eccentric  Divine  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  are  preserved.  A  num 
ber  of  extracts  have  been  made  from  them  in  the  preceding  Biography.  He  expected 
the  Bishopric  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  seems  to  have  taken  some  pains  to  influence  the 
clergy  there  to  petition  that  he  might  be  appointed. 

Rev.  William  Clark  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Digby,  February  18th,  1781 :  "Our  friend 
P.,  (eters)  as  well  for  his  own  personal  qualifications,  as  for  that  abundant  charity  and 
benevolence,  which  he  has  shewn  to  the  afflicted  Loyalists  of  all  denominations,  for 
many  years,  is  justly  entitled  to  our  esteem  and  to  the  notice  of  Government,  as  a 
person  proper  to  fill  the  Episcopal  chair  here ;  with  this  view,  I  subscribed  for  him, 
and  also  wrote  to  Dr.  Morice  my  wishes  to  this  purpose.  But  alas  !  who  shall  say  to 
Government,  What  doest  thou?  "  Rev.  S.  Parker  writes,  Boston,  October  10th,  1796 : 
"  Dr.  Paters,  Bishop  elect  of  Vermont,  cannot  obtain  consecration  in  England,  nor  in 
these  States,  without  a  three  years  antecedent  residence." 

REV.  MOSES  BADGER,  Itinerant  Missionary  in  the  Province  of 
New  Hampshire. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  at  New  York,  July  1st,  1779,  giving  him  a  statement  of 
his  sufferings  from  political  persecutions.  He  also  wrote  to  him  at  the  same  place, 

*  Aikin's  Sketch,  &c.,  p.  41. 

41 


322  APPENDIX. 


August  1st,  1780,  stating  that  he  had  removed  to  Annapolis,  and  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  a  letter  from  him. 

REV.  HENRY  CANER,  D.  D.,  Rector  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Rev.  S.  Peters  writes,  August  7th,  1780 :  "  Dr.  C  (ane)r  is  in  Cardiff,  Wales,  hap 
py  in  obscurity  and  Episcopal  neglects."  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend, 
in  1781 :  "  By  letters  from  London,  I  was  informed  that  Dr.  Caner  had  retired  with 
his  young  wife  to  Cardiff,  Wales." 

Dr.  Caner  died  in  England,  in  1792,  aged  92. 

REV.  JOHN  TROUTBECK,  Assistant  Minister  of  King's  Chapel, 

Boston. 

Rev.  S.  Peters,  in  writing  from  London,  June  9th,  1779,  says:  "Poor  Troutbeck 
has  been  very  sick  and  given  over  by  his  Physicians,  after  which,  Nature  and  Prayers 
took  him  out  of  the  power  of  death,  and  gave  him  a  new  lease  of  his  life." 

REV.  SAMUEL   CHANDLER,  D.  D. 

Rev.  S.  Peters  writes,  June  4th,  1785 :  "  Dr.  Chandler  sailed  for  New  Jersey,  May 
17th,  1785." 

REV.  JOHN  VARDILL,  of  New  York,  appointed  Rector  of 
Church,  New  York,  (but  did  not  accept  it.) 

Rev.  S.  Peters  says,  in  a  letter,  June  14th,  1785  :     "  Vardill  is  in  Ireland." 

REV.  ISAAC  BROWN. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  February  14th,  1784,  to  Rev.  Isaac  Brown,  at  Windsor,  N.  S. : 
"  I  have  formerly  wrote  and  received  no  reply  either  from  you  or  the  Doctor,  to  whom 
and  his  lady  be  kind  enough  to  remember  us."  In  1786,  Rev.  Isaac  Brown  is  inserted 
in  a  list  of  clergy,*  as  superannuated.  Mr.  B.  is  said  to  have  come  from  New  Jersey .f 

SERGEANT.     (Que.,  Rev.  Winwood,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.?) 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  writing  from  London,  June  9th,  1779,  to  Rev.  J.  Wingate 
Weeks,  at  Mr.  Thomas  Brown's,  Halifax,  says  :  "  I  wish  you  would  send  the  follow 
ing  idea  to  Mr.  Sergeant  at  Boston,  viz.,  his  mother  died  eighteen  months  ago,  and 
Sergeant  is  heir  to  some  landed  Estate  in  Beconsfield  in  Warwickshire,  25  miles  from 
London,  reported  to  be  worth  near  £200  per  annum.  This  information  I  have  ob 
tained  of  his  sister's  daughters,  named  Ratcliflfe  and  Jennctt,  No.  35,  James  Street, 
Oxford  Road."  Rev.  S.  Peters,  in  a  letter,  dated  London,  Aug.  7th,  1780,  to  Rev.  J. 
Bailey,  says :  "  Sergeant  is  at  Bath,  half  dead  and  half  alive.  His  wife  iS  full  of 
spirits." 

SMITH,  CAPT.,  (of  Plymouth,  Mass.)     Thomas  Brown,  in  writing  under  date 

Halifax,  December  29th,  1779,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Cornwallis,  gives  a  description  of 
the  loss  of  the  armed  ship  North,  at  the  mouth  of  Halifax  harbor,  December  10th, 
1779,  by  which  165  out  of  170  persons  perished.  He  says:  "Capt.  Smith,  who  be 
longed  to  Plymouth  in  New  England,  a  man  who  I  have  been  acquainted  with  sev- 

*  Aikin's  Sketch,  p.  28.  t  Ibid,  p.  39. 


APPENDIX.  323 

eral  years,  was  pilot  of  the  North,  and  supposed  to  be  as  well  knowing  to  this  harbor 
as  any  man,  had  charge  of  the  ship  when  she  was  lost,  he  has  left  a  widow  and  eight 
children  at  Plymouth." 

JOHN  MCNAMARRA,  (of  Pownalborough.)  In  the  records  of  the  town  of  Pownal- 
borough  is  found  the  following  entry  : 

"  John  McNamarra,  son  of  Timothy  and  Ann  McNamarra,  was  born  Nov.  6th,  1758. 
Recorded  March  6th,  1777. 

EDM'D.  BRIDGE,  Town  Clerk." 

The  above  extract  relates  to  a  person,  who,  though  of  humble  origin,  so  conducted 
himself  during  his  life  as  to  deserve  honorable  mention. 

Mr.  Bailey  says  of  him  when  he  was  discharging  the  office  of  the  Society's  School 
master  in  Annapolis,  in  1787:  "This  schoolmaster  is  another  extraordinary  genius. 
He  was  born  at  Kennebeck,  and  came  to  live  with  me  about  the  beginning  of  the 
rebellion. 

"  And  though  his  nearest  relatives  were  violent  rebels,  he  was  so  honest,  loyal  and 
faithful,  as  to  be  employed  by  the  friends  of  Government  in  the  most  critical  and 
dangerous  exigencies.  He  was  persecuted,  fined  and  imprisoned,  but  was,  however, 
happy  enough  to  make  his  escape  with  us  to  Halifax.  He  has  passed  through  a 
variety  of  scenes,  and  was,  about  three  years  ago,  appointed  the  Society's  Schoolmaster 
at  Annapolis  ;  and  though  he  has  been  connected  with  characters  of  every  description, 
he  has  given  universal  satisfaction.  He  has  deservedly  the  highest  reputation  for 
sobriety,  diligence,  and  integrity.  He  has  acquired  almost  every  branch  of  knowledge, 
both  speculative  and  practical,  and  equally  excels  in  arithmetic,  astronomy,  naviga- 
gation,  geography,  surveying,  mensuration,  dialing,  and  other  branches  of  the 
mechanicks." 

Afterwards  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "Mr.  McNamarra  has  expended  the  whole  of  his 
salary,  and  whatever  he  received  when  the  school  was  more  advantageous,  either  in 
books,  mathematical  instruments,  etc.,  for  the  improvement  of  himself  and  scholars 
or  else  in  charity  and  the  promotion  of  public  designs." 

For  a  time  the  subject  of  this  notice  held  the  office  of  Postmaster  in  Annapolis,  and 
probably  continued  as  the  Society's  schoolmaster  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  took 
place  in  the  spring  of  1798.  Bishop  Inglis  said  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey :  "  I  very  sin 
cerely  regret  the  death  of  Mr,  McNamarra,  who  was  a  very  worthy  useful  man.  In 
him  the  community  has  sustained  a  considerable  loss." 

For  many  years  John,  (as  he  was  familiarly  called,)  was  a  member  of  Mr.  Bailey's 
family.  He  was  first  taken  in  the  capacity  of  a  servant.  But  during  the  compulsory 
absences  of  his  employer  in  the  last  few  years  of  his  residence  in  Kennebec,  this 
young  man  was  of  essential  service  to  the  family,  and  doubtless  on  more  than  one 
occasion  prevented  their  suffering  from  want  of  the  necessaries  of  life.  Abandoning 
his  native  land  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey,  he  was  of  no  little  assistance  to  them  after 
their  arrival  in  Nova  Scotia.  This  Mr.  Bailey  states  in  his  letters.  That  he  who  had 
been  received  into  the  family  in  such  a  subordinate  situation,  should  have  had  the 
force  of  mind  to  rise  above  the  condition  of  a  mere  "  hewer  of  wood  and  drawer  of 
water,"  and,  availing  himself  of  the  opportunities  which  Mr.  Bailey  afforded  him, 
should  have  acquired  the  amount  and  variety  of  information,  which  his  employer  says 
he  possessed,  shows  that  he  could  have  been  no  common  man.  This,  with  the  good 
ness  of  heart  which  characterized  him,  is  enough  to  justify  the  humble  effort  now 
made  to  rescue  his  memory  from  oblivion.  The  high-born  and  the  wealthy  have  no 
lack  of  eulogists,  while  many  who  did  not  possess  these  advantages,  although  much 
more  worthy  of  praise,  are  forgotten.  In  performing  the  duty  attempted  in  the  above 
notice,  a  satisfaction  is  felt,  and  it  is  not  the  less  strong  because  the  biographer  has 


324  APPENDIX. 

endeavored  to  save  from  oblivion  one  whose  birth  and  position  in  life  had  nothing  to 
allure  his  efforts. 

DR.  JOHN  CALF,  (of .)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  him  at  Major-biguyduce, 

tinder  date  of  Sept.  6th,  1779,  and  says:  "You  doubtless  retain  some  knowledge  of 
me  from  our  former  acquaintance,  and  have  I  presume,  heard  something  of  my  situa 
tion  and  circumstances.  *  *  Being  informed  that  you  possess  a  department  in 
the  Garrison,  which  gives  you  considerable  influence,  I  have  made  this  attempt  to 
solicit  your  interest  in  case  a  chaplain  should  be  appointed."  Dr.  John  Calf,  of  Ips 
wich,  Mass.,  married  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Jedediah  Jewett,  of  Rowley,  in  1753.  In  O. 
Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana,  p.  294,  is  the  following  :  "  The  seige  of  Penobscot  by 
the  Rebels,  by  J.  C.,  Volunteer,  London:  1781.  The  author  is  supposed  to  be  Mr. 
John  Calef,  agent  for  the  inhabitants  of  Penobscot,  whose  name  is  subscribed  to  the 
charts  which  illustrate  the  work." 

MOSES  FORSTER,  (of .)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Dr.  Bartholomew  Sullivan, 

at  New  York,  under  date  of  Halifax,  Sept.  — ,  1779,  and  says  :  "  I  must  beg  leave  to 
trouble  you  again  in  behalf  of  the  bearer,  Mr.  Moses  Forster,  whose  situation  and  cir 
cumstances  demand  both  the  emotions  of  humanity  and  the  effusions  of  benevolence. 
After  having  been  imprisoned  a  whole  year,  and  then  set  at  liberty  by  the  Supreme 
rebel  court,  he  was  cruelly  harrassed  by  the  committee,  driven  from  his  family,  and 
upon  his  return  taken  out  of  bed,  and  conveyed  away  from  a  tender  wife  and  eight 
children  120  miles,  confined  on  board  a  guard  ship,  and  then  transported  to  this  prov 
ince.  As  he  is  a  stranger  in  distress,  I  beg  leave  to  recommend  him  to  your  atten 
tion,  and  am  confident  that  your  goodness  will  afford  him  that  assistance  and  direction 
which  is  due  to  a  sufferer  in  the  royal  cause." 

ROBART  JENKINS.  (Que.,  Robert?)  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  writes  to  him  at  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  under  date  of  Halifax,  Sept.  24th,  1779,  and  says  :  "  It  is  about  three 
months  since  I  left  the  unhappy  land  of  our  nativity.  *  *  I  have  visited  New- 
bury  several  times  since  the  commencement  of  the  present  commotions,  and  continued 
days  together  with  (Rev.)  Mr.  (Edward)  Bass.  The  proceedings  of  the  people  are 
very  disagreeable  to  that  worthy  gentleman,  yet  to  preserve  himself  from  destruction, 
he  omitted  all  prayers  for  the  King  from,  the  (time  of  the)  declaration  of  Independ 
ency,  for  which  offence  the  Society  (P.  G.  F.  Ps.,)  have  struck  his  name  from  the  list 
of  Missionaries." 

SIMMONS,  (of .)  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing,  under  date  of  November  6th, 

1780,  to  Joseph  Domett,  at  Brompton,  near  London,  says :  "  The  refugees  in  this 
Provinceare  under  the  influence  of  melancholy  and  dejection,  the  inflexible  obstinacy  of 
the  rebel  powers,  the  dilatory  conduct  of  the  British  forces,  and  the  ungenerous  treat 
ment  they  meet  with  in  the  regions  of  New  Scotland,  have  broken  the  spirits  of  several 
worthy  persons,  among  whom  I  may  mention  Mr.  Simmons,  who  has  left  behind  him 
a  widow  and  four  children." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  also  wrote  to  Mr.  William  Simmons,  at  Halifax,  Nov.  1st,  1779.  He 
says :  "  It  is,  1  believe,  a  trite  observation,  that  nothing  occasions  stronger  attach 
ment  and  friendships  than  suffering  in  the  same  cause.  In  such  circumstances  we 
love  to  mingle  together  in  conversation,  etc.  etc.  We  have  not  one  refugee  here 
except  Capt.  Campbell,  etc.  etc."  November  30,  1779,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Mr. 
Simmons,  at  Halifax,  and  says  :  "  You  have  my  grateful  acknowledgements  for  your 
obliging  letter."  Another  letter  was  addressed  by  J.  Bailey,  February  4th,  1780,  to 
Mr.  William  Simmons,  at  Halifax  ;  also,  May  8,  1780,  from  the  same  to  the  same ;  and 
another  letter  from  the  same  to  the  same,  Sept.  2,  1780,  in  which  Mr.  Bailey  speaks 
of  having  lately  heard  of  Mr.  Simmons,  through  a  gentleman  just  arrived  in  Cornwal- 
lis.  In  a  letter  to  T.  Brown,  October  11,  1783,  J.  Bailey  speaks  of  receiving  a  letter 
from  T.  Brown,  mentioning  the  "  untimely  exit"  of  Mr.  Simmons. 


APPENDIX.  325 


JOHN  JONES,  (of  Kennebec.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter,  February  8th,  1780, 
directed  to  John  Jones,  at  Quebec  :  "Let  us  natter  ourselves  with  the  pleasing  pros 
pect  of  meeting  again  in  the  regions  of  Kennebeck,  and  if  we  should  not  be  happy 
enough  to  find  all  our  friends  remaining  after  so  violent  a  tempest,  yet  we  that  have 
escaped  the  general  wreck  may  rejoice  in  each  other's  society,  and  have  the  pleasure 
of  regarding  with  contempt  those  sons  of  rapine  and  violence,  who  drove  us  from  our 
peaceful  habitations,  and  forced  us  into  the  ocean,  to  contend  with  rocks,  currents, 
whirlpools,  storms  and  hurricanes."  In  writing  to  Mrs.  Ruth  Jones,  at  Concord, 
Mass.,  about  the  same  time,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "I  have  just  received  a  packet  from 
your  consort,  Mr.  Jones.  After  passing  through  a  variety  of  scenes,  he  arrived  at 
Lake  Champlain,  and  afterwards,  by  several  removes,  reached  Quebec  on  the  29th  of 
August.  His  last  letters  are  dated  November  2d."*  To  a  friend  in  Halifax,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes,  April  18,  1780  :  "I  take  this  opportunity  to  recommend  to  your  favor, 
Capt.  Jones.  He  is  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  company  in  Rogers'  Battalion. 
I  am  persuaded  that  his  active  and  enterprising  genius  will  be  of  great  service  in  the 
department  to  which  he  belongs."  Mr.  Bailey  says  to  another  acquaintance:  "I 
send  you  this  by  our  friend  Jones,  who  is  engaged  to  chastise  the  rebels.  *  *  *  * 
You  must  be  persuaded  that  no  man  is  better  fitted  for  the  service,  both  in  point  of 
knowledge  and  resolution."  In  a  letter,  written  about  the  same  time,  Mr.  Bailey 
says  :  "  We  were  happily  surprised  last  week  with  the  company  of  Capt.  Jones,  one 
of  our  Kennebeck  neighbours,  who  escaped  from  close  imprisonment  in  Boston  last 
spring.  After  passing  through  a  variety  of  scenes,  he  was  fortunate  enough  to  reach 
Quebec,  where,  meeting  with  the  famous  Col.  Rogers,  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  army, 
and  intends  to  visit  his  country  by  way  of  Penobscot.  His  capacity  is  equal  to  his 
undertaking." 

John  Jones  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  from  Fort  George,  September  4th,  1780  :  "  I 
have  had  two  trips  to  Kennebeck,  one  by  land,  the  other  in  a  whaleboat.  First,  by 
land  :  I  went  up  and  down,  till  I  found  where  to  strike.  Thought  best  to  bring  -  f 
off.  The  way  I  proceeded  was  as  follows:  I  surrounded  his  house  in  the  morning, 
very  early  ;  sent  two  men  to  rap  at  the  door.  On  his  crying  out,  '  Who  is  there  ?  '  I 
answered,  A  friend  !  '  A  friend  to  whom  ?  '  I  answered,  to  the  Congress,  and  we  are 
from  George's  River  with  an  express,  for  the  enemy  has  landed  fifteen  hundred  troops 
and  three  ships.  He  jumped  up  and  came  down  with  his  breeches  on,  lit  a  candle, 
and  opened  the  door.  We  immediately  seized  him.  On  his  making  some  noise,  his 
wife  come  running  down  stairs,  but  soon  returned,  and  put  her  head  out  of  the  cham 
ber  window,  and  halloed,  murder  !  I  told  her  that  if  she  did  not  hold  her  tongue,  my 
Indians  would  scalp  her.  Away  we  hauled  him  into  a  boat  we  had  prepared,  and  up 
the  river  about  a  mile  above  Gardinerston,  landed  him,  and  gave  him  a  pair  of  shoes 
and  stockings,  and  marched  him  to  Fort  George,  across  the  woods,  in  four  days.  The 
whole  country  was  alarmed,  and  was  about  six  hours  after  us.  In  two  or  three  days 
Rowland  (Gushing)  came  in  a  flag.  In  two  or  three  days  after,  three  men  came  in 
and  informed  us  how  matters  were.  Joseph  North  has  gone  to  Boston.  Bowman 
keeps  a  guard  every  night,  and  all  the  people  are  much  frightened.  Rowland  keeps  a 
guard,  and  Maj.  Goodwin  sleeps  every  night  at  the  house.  Many  of  our  friends  have 
been  threatened,  but  no  one  is  touched  or  hurt,  for  great  is  their  fear.  Many  of  the 
inhabitants  don't  cut  their  meadow.  All  our  friends  were  well,  when  by  water  we  went 
and  cut  out  a  vessel,  and  brought  her  here  safe.  We  also  took  many  others.  *  *  I 
have  had  several  scoutings  since  I  have  been  here.  Have  always  got  the  better  of  the 

*Mr.  Bailey  also  wrote  to  John  Jones  at  the  same  time.  He  said:  "Your  brother  Jack  Lee, 
came  to  Halifax,  some  time  after  the  dispersion  of  the  rebels  at  Penobscot."  This  letter  was  en 
closed  in  one  directed  to  Jonas  Lee,  at  Concord,  Mass. 

t  Col.  Charles  Cashing.    He  is  here  called  by  a  nickname. 


326  APPENDIX. 


rebels.    Nat.  Gardiner  is  a  prisoner  with  the  rebels  in  Casco  gaol.     Gushing  is  going 
home  to  effect  his  exchange  and  Gardiner's."* 

November  6th,  1780,  Mr.  Bailey  writes :  "  I  have  had  several  visits  from  Capt. 
Jones,  who  is  a  Captain  in  the  army.  He  is  now  at  Penobscot."  In  the  autumn  of 
1784,  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  Governor  Wentworth  :  "I  would  beg  leave  to  recommend 
to  your  notice  Mr.  Jones,  an  honest,  worthy  loyalist,  who  has  lost  an  ample  estate  for 
his  attachment  to  His  Majesty  and  the  British  government.  He  is  endeavoring  to 
obtain  a  grant  of  Grand  Menan,  and  is  desirous  of  obtaining  your  interest  and  that 
of  Gov.  Fanning.  I  can  assure  you  there  is  not  a  person  of  my  acquaintance  better 
calculated  to  improve  a  wilderness  country  than  Mr.  Jones.  He  was  formerly  princi 
pal  surveyor  to  the  Plymouth  Company,  and  has  made  several  fine  settlements  at 
Kennebeck  before  the  commencement  of  the  late  commotions. "-f-  Mr.  Jones  wrote  to 
Mr.  Bailey  from  St.  Andrews,  April,  1784,  at  which  time  Mrs.  Jones  was  with  him. 
Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  MS.  History,  etc. :  "  When  I  arrived  at  St.  Andrews,  on 
the  river  Santa  Croix,  I  found  a  number  of  people  from  Penobscot  and  elsewhere, 
forming  a  settlement.  But  while  Mr.  Jones,  the  surveyor,  was  employed  in  laying 
out  their  lands,  a  party  of  Indians,  under  the  direction  of  one  Allen,  a  notorious  rebel, 
took  him  prisoner.  It  is  uncertain  in  what  manner  they  intended  to  dispose  of  Mr. 
Jones.  However,  the  second  day  of  his  captivity,  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  escape, 
and  to  proceed  in  his  business  without  further  interruption."  Jones  returned  to  the 
Kennebec  after  the  Revolution,  and  resided  in  what  is  now  the  city  of  Augusta.  He 
was  employed  in  1797  by  the  Proprietors  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase,  to  compile  a 
large  map  of  their  property,  from  previous  surveys.  Jones  died  in  Augusta. 

THOMAS  BROWN,  (of  Boston.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  his  Journal,  under  date  of 
Halifax,  the  day  of  his  arrival  there,  June  21st,  1779  :  "  Mr.  Kitson  kindly  offered  to 
conduct  us  either  to  Mr.  Brown's  or  Captain  Callahan.  *  *  By  this  time  my 
old  generous  friend,  Mr.  Brown,  was  arrived." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Miss  Sally  Weeks  at  Halifax,  under  date  of  Cornwallis, 
Dec.  7th,  1779,  says  of  one  of  Thomas  Brown's  daughters  :  "  I  have  been  acquainted 
with  Becky  from  her  earliest  infancy,"  etc.  etc.  In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters  at  Lon 
don,  dated  April  27,  1781,  he  speaks  of  "  our  friend  Brown,  when  he  formerly  resided 
in  Boston."  T.  Brown  failed  in  his  business  previous  to  May  2d,  1780,  (see  his  letter,) 
and  afterwards  established  a  school.  Rev.  J.  Bailey  in  a  letter,  November  9th,  1781,  to 
Rev.  S.  Peters,  London,  in  speaking  of  Thomas  Brown,  says  :  "  This  poor  gentleman 
is  still  detained  under  complaint  of  his  unmerciful  creditors.  I  cannot  prevail  for  his 
release,  though  I  am  his  principal  creditor."  Thomas  Brown  writes  to  Mrs.  Bailey, 
Halifax,  September  17th,  1792  :  "  I  made  a  verbal  agreement  three  years  ago,  to  receive 
one  hundred  pounds  per  annum  for  teaching  in  this  Academy.  I  have  no  legal  ap 
pointment  in  the  school,  nor  do  I  know  at  present  whom  to  demand  payment  of  for 
my  services.  I  am  now  almost  a  cripple.  A  year  ago  last  January  I  was  suddenly 
attacked  with  a  severe  stroke  of  the  palsy,  and  have  not  yet  recovered  the  free  use  of 
my  right  arm,  right  leg,  and  my  speech." 


*In  the  Boston  Gazette,  of  July  24th,  1780,  is  the  following  item  :  "  We  hear  from  Pownalboro1, 

that  about  Ten  Days  ago,  a  Party  of  Tories  surrounded  the  House  of Cusbing,  Esq.;  High 

Sheriff  of  the  County  of  Lincoln,  in  the  Night,  took  him  out  of  Bed,  and  carried  him  off  to  the 
Enemy.11 

t  Sabine  says,  in  his  American  Loyalists,  p.  318,  of  Moses  Gerrish  :  "  After  the  peace,  he  and 
Thomas  Ross,  and  one  Jones,*  obtained  License  of  occupation  of  the  island  of  Grand  Menan,  New 
Brunswick,  and  its  dependences,  and  on  condition,  etc.,  were  to  receive  a  grant,  etc.  They  com 
menced  the  settlement  of  the  island,  and  sold  several  lots  in  anticipation  of  their  own  title,  but  failed 
to  fulfil  the  conditions,  and  did  not  obtain  the  expected  grant.  Jones  returned  to  the  United  States. 

*  The  subject  of  the  above  sketch,  as  the  writer  has  been  assured,  by  persons  who  knew  the  fact. 


APPENDIX.  327 


Capt.  CHARLES  CALLAHAN,  (of  Pownalborough,  Me.)  The  father  of  this  person 
resided  in  the  town  above  named,  and  died  there  before  Mr.  Bailey  left  the  country. 
Capt.  Callahan  commanded  a  coasting  vessel  in  the  year  1772,  and  was  bound  on  a 
foreign  voyage,  perhaps  as  master,  in  October  1774,  as  appears  by  Rev.  J.  Bailey's 
letter  to  the  Venerable  Society,  of  that  date,  inserted  in  the  Memoir,  p.  105.  He  was 
at  that  time  one  of  the  Warden's  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough.  Capt.  Cal 
lahan,  although  a  loyalist  in  principle,  was  not  disposed  to  take  any  active  part  in 
the  contest  then  going  on  between  the  mother  country  and  her  revolted  colonies. 
Nor  was  he  disposed  to  remove  to  any  place  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  British. 
But  having  been  repeatedly  "drafted"  to  serve  in  the  Provincial  army,  he  became 
convinced  that  he  was  dishonestly  dealt  with  in  this  matter,  and  he  then  determined 
to  defeat  the  power  of  his  enemies  by  leaving  the  country.  He  was  proscribed  and 
banished  by  Massachusetts  in  1778.  The  next  mention  of  him  is  in  a  letter,  October 
10th,  1778,  in  which  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Capt.  Callahan  is  Captain  of  a  twelve-gun 
sloop  of  war  in  the  King's  service." 

In  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal,  under  date  of  June  21st,  1779,  he  inserted  the  following, 
which  he  piobably  obtained  from  the  wife  of  the  subject  of  this  notice,  at  whose  house 
he  then  was  : — 

"  The  adventures  of  Capt.  Callahan.  He  embarked  in  a  small  open  boat  with  Mr. 
Jarvis  and  Mr.  Kitson  in  the  night,  and  falling  down  the  [Kennebec]  river  went 
on  shore  to  refresh  themselves  at  Mr.  Thomas  Percy's,  and  were  received  by  that 
benevolent  and  hospitable  family  with  great  expressions  of  friendship.  But  when 
Capt.  Callahan  had  reached  this  distance,  he  began  to  reflect,  and  that  fondness  he 
retained  for  his  house  and  possessions,  and  the  extreme  tenderness  he  had  for  his 
wife  and  family,  almost  tempted  him  to  renounce  the  principles  of  reason  and  loyalty. 
The  thoughts  of  exposing  everything  dear  and  engaging,  sadly  oppressed  his  spirits, 
and  sank  him  into  the  glooms  of  despondency.  When  his  companions  observed  the 
agitations  of  his  bosom  and  the  afflicting  struggles  between  duty  and  affection,  they 
both  began,  with  a  degree  of  fierceness  and  asperity,  to  upraid  him  for  his  timidity 
and  want  of  resolution,  and  even  proceeded  so  far  as  to  accuse  him  of  disaffection  to 
His  Majesty.  This  unjust  reflection  stung  him  to  the  very  soul,  and  he  replied  with 
a  determined  spirit,  '  No  person  breathing  has  greater  aversion  to  the  American  re 
bellion  than  myself.  It  is  true,  I  have  a  prevailing  attachment  to  my  aged  parent 
and  beloved  wife,  and  the  thoughts  of  leaving  them  unprotected  to  the  malice  and 
cruelty  of  the  miscreants  about  them  tears  my  very  soul  in  pieces,  and  if  I  had  been 
weak  enough  to  return,  I  would  never  make  any  compliance  that  I  could  not  recon 
cile  to  my  conscience.  But  I  am  now  determined  to  proceed  to  Halifax,  let  what  will 
be  the  consequence  !' 

"  As  soon  as  the  tide  served  their  purpose  in  the  morning  they  embarked,  and  kept 
along  shore  till  they  imagined  it  proper  to  cross  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  But  they  had 
not  proceeded  far  in  this  tremendous  gulph  before  the  wind  began  to  blow  in  opposi 
tion  to  the  tide,  and  raised  a  rough  and  dangerous  sea.  This  obliged  them  to  alter 
their  course,  and  to  steer  quartering  over  the  billows.  In  this  situation  Capt.  Calla 
han  kept  at  the  helm  for  sixteen  hours,  till  at  length,  being  overcome  with  fatigue, 
and  his  spirits  entirely  exhausted,  he,  in  a  manner  fainted,  gave  up  the  helm,  and 
entrusted  the  boat  to  the  mercy  of  the  raging  seas.  During  the  period  of  this  alarm 
ing  voyage  Mr.  Jarvis  and  Kitson  lay  in  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  dying  sick,  but 
now  perceiving  nothing  in  prospect  except  speedy  death,  the  latter  crawled  up  and 
seized  the  helm,  and  in  a  few  hours  conveyed  the  boat  into  a  place  of  security.  Capt. 
Callahan,  upon  his  arrival  at  Halifax,  was  received  with  great  attention,  admitted 
upon  the  list  of  the  King's  pilots,  and  shortly  after  advanced  to  the  command  of  the 
Gage,  in  which  department  he  behaved  with  remarkable  courage  and  fidelity.  He 
quickly  became  a  terror  to  the  Rebels,  took  a  number  of  their  fishing  and  coasting 


328  APPENDIX. 


vessels,  and  destroyed  several  of  their  privateers.  In  the  summer  of  1778  the  people 
of  Naskeag,  a  settlement  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  fired  upon  his  boat 
as  they  were  going  to  take  in  water,  and  mortally  wounded  one  of  his  hands.  Hav 
ing  received  this  inhuman  provocation  he  immediately  landed,  and  burnt  all  their 
habitations,  to  the  number  of  ten  or  twelve,  and  drove  the  barbarous  inhabitants  into 
the  woods.  1  was  at  Boston  when  the  news  of  this  exploit  reached  that  Metropolis  of 
sedition,  and  the  authorities  were  so  highly  enraged  that  two  stout  privateers  were 
sent  to  intercept  him,  but  they  were  not  fortunate  enough  to  accomplish  their  design.* 
"  Capt.  Callahan,  after  a  considerable  run  of  success,  had  at  length  the  misfortune 
to  be  cast  away  near  the  light-house  in  a  terrible  storm,  the  day  after  last  Christmas, 
by  which  accident  one  of  his  men  was  killed,  and  himself  wounded  in  escaping  on 
shore.  The  rest  were  saved,  though  some  were  miserably  frozen.  Since  that  calami 
tous  affair  the  Captain  has  been  unable  to  procure  the  command  of  another  vessel, 
though  he  still  draws  wages  as  a  pilot,  and  was  now  with  Capt.  Mowat  in  the  expedi 
tion  against  Penobscot."  Thomas  Brown  writes  from  Halifax,  under  date  of  29th  De 
cember,  1779,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  and  says  that  Capt.  Callahan  went 
pilot  of  the  ship  North,  to  Spanish  River,  and  that  "  Capt.  Mowat  persuaded  him  to 
it,  with  an  expectation  of  taking  him  in  the  Albany  to  Penobscot,  when  he  should 
return  from  Spanish  River,  and  placing  him  in  an  armed  vessel  of  his  own  fitting  out 
during  the  winter.  #  *  After  sailing  from  Spanish  River  they  soon  parted  from 
several  of  their  fleet  in  tempestuous  weather,  and  on  Thursday,  9th  instant,  with  the 
ship  St.  Helena  and  a  brig  and  snow,  arrived  safe  in  Beaver  Harbour,  about  20 
leagues  eastward  of  this.  *  *  The  next  day,  being  Friday,  they  all  sailed  from 
Beaver  Harbour  about  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  for  Halifax.  During  the  day,  the 
wind  not  being  very  favourable,  and  one  or  two  of  the  fleet  being  heavy  sailing  vessels, 
Capt.  Selby  was  obliged  to  shorten  sail,  that  they  might  keep  up  with  him.  Towards 
night  a  storm  seemed  to  be  speedily  approaching,  which  induced  him  to  run  for  the 
light-house,  and,  if  possible,  to  get  into  harbour  that  night.  About  7  o'clock  in  the 
evening  they  discovered  the  light-house,  but  being  so  near  the  shore,  and  the  wind 
increasing,  thought  they  could  not  weather  Sambro  Head,  and  so  cast  anchor.  *  * 
About  half  past  one  on  Saturday  morning  the  North  fired  a  gun  as  a  signal  in  distress, 
and  Mr.  Robinson  perceived  that  she  had  struck  upon  the  rocks,  and  in  a  short  time 
saw  her  fall  to  pieces.  *  *  *  After  the  North  went  to  pieces  numbers  of  her  people 
swam  and  floated  about  the  St.  Helena  and  begged  for  assistance,  but  they  could 
afford  them  very  little.  *  *  *  Only  five  people  belonging  to  the  North  escaped 
with  their  lives,  out  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  that  were  on  board  when  she 
struck.  Capt.  Smith,  who  belonged  to  Plymouth,  in  New  England  *  *  was  pilot 
of  the  North,  and  supposed  to  be  as  well  knowing  to  this  harbour  as  any  man,  had 
charge  of  the  ship  when  she  was  lost ;  he  has  left  a  widow  and  eight  children  at  Ply 
mouth.  The  last  I  can  hear  of  poor  Callahan  is,  that  he  was  on  the  quarter  deck 
with  Capt.  Selby  at  the  time  of  the  vessel's  striking,  and,  I  am  told,  that  he  fore 
warned  them  of  their  approaching  danger,  but  in  the  time  of  the  general  confusion 
was  not  attended  to.  This  is  the  substance  of  that  unhappy  affair,  as  related  to  me 
by  Mr.  Robinson,  who  was  in  the  St.  Helena,  and  two  seamen  who  escaped  from  the 
North.  *  *  I  am  certain  that  he  (Capt.  C.)  was  the  best  pilot  on  board.  There 
was  also  a  good  understanding  between  him  and  Capt.  Smith,  the  ship's  pilot,  who 
was  a  very  worthy,  honest  man." 

*  The  Boston  Journal,  of  Nov.  22d,  1850,  contained  a  letter  signed  William  Reed,  dated  Naskeag, 
July  3, 1778,  and  directed  to  Col.  Jonathan  Buck,  at  Tenobscot,  giving  an  account  of  this  attack. 
The  Belfast  Signal  noticed  this  letter,  (see  Boston  Journal,  Dec.  10th,  1850,)  stated  that  Naskeag  is 
now  called  Sedgwick,  and  suggested  that  there  must  be  a  mistake  in  the  date  of  the  letter.  But  this 
was  not  so. 


APPENDIX.  329 


The  widow  of  the  deceased  became  a  claimant  on  the  British  government  for  part  of 
the  amount  allowed  by  them  to  American  Loyalists  as  a  compensation  for  their  losses. 
During  a  part  of  the  time,  after  the  death  of  her  husband,  she  resided  with  Rev.  Ja 
cob  Bailey,  at  Annapolis.  In  1782  she  lived  in  Halifax.  Two  years  after  the  farm 
and  buildings  in  Pownalborough,  abandoned  by  Capt.  Callahan,  were  unoccupied  and 
rapidly  deteriorating.  Mrs.  C.  returned  to  the  United  States  during  that  year,  but  in 
a  few  months  afterwards  was  residing  with  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  at  Annapolis.  Repeated 
applications  were  made  to  the  Commissioners  appointed  for  examining  the  claims  of 
American  Loyalists,  for  compensation  to  Mrs.  Callahan,  and  she  received  £40  sterling 
annually  from  the  British  government  during  her  life.  Her  farm  and  buildings  came 
into  her  possession.  She  returned  to  Pownalborough  about  1790,  where  she  resided 
till  her  death,  which  took  place  in  1816. 

In  Rev.  J.  Bailey's  Journal,  under  date  of  June  21st,  1779,  he  writes  the  following  : 

"  The  Adventures  of  the  Turners  and  John  Carlo. 

"  In  the  beginning  of  May,  1778,  THOMAS  TURNER,  JAMES  TURNER,  COOKSON,  their 
brother-in-law,  and  JOHN  and  MARTIN  CARLO,  two  brothers,  set  out  on  foot,  with  a 
design  of  travelling  by  land  to  Halifax,  in  Nova  Scotia. 

"  They  met  with  a  prodigious  variety  of  hardships,  obstacles  and  dangers  in  their 
journey,  not  to  mention  that  perpetual  dread  of  detection,  which  attended  their  route. 
At  length,  meeting  with  a  number  of  rebel  soldiers,  they  were  constrained  to  enlist, 
but  were  honest  enough  to  refuse  the  money  till  they  should  arrive  at  Machias.  How 
ever,  instead  of-proceeding  directly  ^to  the  place  of  rendezvous,  they  visited  the  famous 
Col.  Jones,  and  applied  to  him  for  advice  and  direction.  This  gentleman  provided 
our  adventurers  with  a  boat,  in  form  of  a  barge,  in  which  they  embarked  without  any 
knowledge  either  of  the  way,  or  of  navigation.  They  however  ventured  to  row  along 
shore,  in  consequence  of  some  general  instructions,  and  then  crossed  over,  by  acci 
dent,  to  Grand  Menan,  and  seeing  land  at  a  great  distance,  they  set  off  at  daylight, 
and  continued  to  contend  with  a  boisterous  sea  till  after  dark,  without  arriving  at  any 
shore.  During  all  this  tedious  day,  they  were  obliged  to  ply  the  oars  with  their  ut 
most  strength,  till  they  were  quite  discouraged,  and  their  vigour  exhausted,  but  know 
ing  that  any  relaxation  of  their  struggles  would  be  fatal,  they  continued  their  labours 
without  ceasing,  till  after  midnight,  when  they  entered  a  bay,  'round  which  they  dis 
covered  a  large  number  of  settlements.  In  this  situation  they  were  full  of  anxiety, 
for  being  ignorant  in  what  region  they  had  fallen,  they  were  extremely  uneasy  lest  this 
territory  belonged  to  the  rebels.  But,  upon  inquiry,  they  perceived,  to  their  inexpres 
sible  satisfaction,  themselves  within  the  limits  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  that  the  town  be 
fore  them  was  a  settlement  which  belonged  to  the  ancient  French  inhabitants.  Here 
the  inhabitants  were  kind  enough  to  give  them  ample  refreshment.  This  place  being 
not  far  distant  from  Annapolis,  they  took  the  first  opportunity  of  going  thither,  and 
from  thence  proceeded  by  land  to  Halifax,  where  they  got  into  business.  James 
Turner  and  Cookson  are  still  in  this  town  ;  Thomas  Turner  and  John  Carlo,  at  Penob- 
scot,  and  Martin  Carlo,  at  Lunenburg."  John  Jones,  writes  from  Halifax,  July  10th, 
1781,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey :  "  T.  Turner  and  M.  Carlo  were  taken  prisoners  at  Kenne- 
beck,  and  are  gone  to  Boston,  and  have  got  my  old  berth."  Afterwards,  in  writing 
from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  March  llth,  1782,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  the  same  person 
says:  "Thomas  Turner  and  brother,  and  Martin  Carlo,  are  gone  to  live  at  home  in 
peace." 

EDMUND  DOHARTY,  (formerly  of  Pownalboro',  Me.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  let 
ter  to  him  at  Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  November  30,  1779  :  "  You  cannot  imagine 
what  pleasure  it  gives  me  to  hear  from  one  of  my  former  parishioners  in  this  strange 
country.  Your  letter  reminds  me  of  those  dear  friends  we  left  behind  in  the  pleasant 
land  of  our  nativity;  and,  though  it  is  our  misfortune  to  remain  in  a  state  of  banish- 

42 


330  APPENDIX. 


ment,  yet,  etc.  etc.  Give  our  kind  regards  to  your  consort  and  our  brother  wander 
ers,  who  reside  at  your  house." 

Thomas  Brown,  in  a  letter,  dated  Halifax,  29th  December,  1799,  says  :  "  Doharty 
was  found  out  to  connive  imprudently  in  the  concealment  of  some  deserters  from  the 
Virginia  and  Albany  men-of-war,  by  which  means  both  he  and  the  old  fellow  (Dr.  C. 
Mayer,)  were  dismissed  the  (Capt.  Spry's)  works,  but  upon  examination,  the  latter 
was  found  to  be  ignorant  of  the  matter,  and  restored  to  favor  again,  and  how  the 
former  will  support  his  family,  I  know  not,  as  his  reputation  is  greatly  blasted  by  his 
foolish  conduct."  E.  Doharty  was  in  Halifax,  January  28,  1781,  as  appears  by  his  let 
ter  of  that  date,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey.  The  latter  says,  April  18,  1781 :  "  Mr.  Doharty 
and  Dr.  Mayer  are  just  removed  to  Penobscot."  J.  Jones  says,  Fort  George,  March 
11,  1782 :  "  Doharty  has  gone  out  on  a  cruise." 

CAPTAIN  — '• COMBS,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  him  at 

Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  December  6th,  1779  :  "  Mr.  Brown  having  informed  me  of 
your  arrival  in  this  Province,  my  joy  at  this  agreeable  intelligence  would  not  permit 
me  to  be  silent.  *  *  I  am  convinced  that  you  must  feel  exquisite  satisfaction, 
when  you  reflect  upon  your  escape  from  the  terrors  of  tyranny  and  usurpation,  and 
consider  yourself  allowed  to  breathe  the  air  of  freedom  in  a  region  where  mild  and 
legal  authority  prevails.  It  is  one  of  the  warmest  wishes  of  my  heart,  that  you  may 
procure  that  countenance  and  encouragement,  which  your  integrity,  your  sufferings 
and  your  loyalty  merit.  I  fancy  you  are  able  to  furnish  me  with  some  interesting 
anecdotes  of  the  eastern  country,  where  I  hear  you  resided  some  time  before  your  de 
parture."  In  a  letter  to  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  at  Halifax,  of  same  date,  Rev.  J.  Bailey 
says  :  "  I  am  rejoiced  to  hear  that  Capt.  Combs  has  been  fortunate  enough  to  escape 
from  the  Rebels.  You  may  regard  him  as  a  person  of  real  worth  and  unshaken  integ 
rity,  who  has  resisted  all  the  efforts  of  his  countrymen  to  seduce  and  subdue  him  with 
amazing  fortitude,  and  his  honest  attachment  to  the  British  government  is  nearly 
without  example." 

JOSEPH  DOMETTE,  (of  Boston,  Mass.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  him  at  New 
York,  dated  February  llth,  1780 :  "  You  cannot  imagine  how  much  I  suffered  on  your 
account,  during  your  imprisonment  in  Boston.  I  greatly  feared  that  your  constitu 
tion  would  not  be  able  to  struggle  with  such  a  severe  misfortune."  Joseph  Domette, 
in  a  letter  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  dated  "  Brompton,  near  London,  August  17th,  1780," 
says  :  "  Your  anxious  concern  for  me  during  my  cruel  persecution,  and  cordial  con 
gratulations  on  my  delivery,  are  proofs  of  your  benevolence,  etc.  etc."  Mrs.  Domette 
was  with  him.  Thomas  Oxnard  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  under  date  of 
New  York,  December  12th,  1780.  Mr,  Oxnard  says  :  "  Your  friend,  Mr.  Domette, 
has  got  £80  a  year  from  Government,  and  £90  more,  by  employment  from  a  friend." 

Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  J.  Domette,  at  Brompton,  near  London,  under  date  of 
November  6th,  1780  :  "  I  have  in  keeping  the  manuscript  you  committed  to  my  care 
at  the  conflagration  of  Falmouth."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Mr.  Joseph  Domette,  at 
London,  October  31st,  1784  :  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  him.  Rev.  J. 
Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Wiswell,  Cornwallis,  December  4th,  1784,  and  says  :  "  I  was  fa 
voured  with  letters  from  our  brethren  Peters  and  Clark,  (then  in  London,)  and  one  from 
Mr.  Domette,  who  makes  the  kindest  inquiries  after  your  situation  and  welfare."  Rev. 
J.  Bailey  writes,  June  13,  1785,  to  Miss  Nye,  and  says  :  "  I  received,  yesterday,  a 
large  packet  of  letters  from  London,  written  by  Mr.  Peters,  Mr.  Clark,  Mr.  Domette, 
and  others.  The  latter  is  about  taking  Orders,  probably  for  Digby."  Rev.  J.  Bailey 
writes,  June  20,  1785,  to  Mr.  Joseph  Domette,  London  :  "  I  am  much  pleased  with 
your  intention  of  entering  into  Holy  Orders,  but  am  distressed  to  hear,  by  Col.  Fry, 
that  you  no  longer  receive  a  pension  from,  the  Government.  *  *  #  my  most  respect 
ful  compliments  to  Mrs.  Domette."  Nathaniel  Coffin  writes,  August  10th,  1791,  to 


APPENDIX.  331 

Rev.  J.  Bailey:  "I  lately  heard  from  our  friend,  Mr.  Domette.  He  writes  from 
Axminster,  Devonshire,  —  says  he  has  gone  through  many  scenes  of  disappointment ; 
but  since,  I  heard  by  a  friend,  that  he  had  taken  Orders,  and  is  settled  either  in  Ireland 
or  Wales." 

CAI>T.  CAMPBELL,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Joseph  Domette,  at 

New  York,  under  date  of  Cornwallis,  February  llth,  1780,  says  :  "  Capt.  Campbell, 
Commander  of  the  garrison  in  this  place,  is  a  refugee."  In  writing  to  Rev.  J.  "W. 
Weeks,  at  Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  February  21,  1781,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says :  "  I  beg 
you  would  take  notice  of  Johnny  Campbell,  the  bearer,  he  is  a  brother  refugee,  and  a 
favorite."  Mem. — From  a  previous  letter,  it  seems  that  this  Johnny  Campbell  was 
the  son  of  the  above  Capt.  Campbell,  and  that  after  having  been  a  scholar  in  Mr. 
Bailey's  family,  he  was  destined  to  enter  the  Royal  Navy.  In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S. 
Peters,  in  London,  October  15,  1782,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  speaks  of  Capt.  Campbell  being 
second  in  command  of  the  84th  Regiment,  in  June,  1780. 

THOMAS  ROBIE,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  a  letter  to  "  Thomas  Robie,  Esq., 

at  Halifax,"  dated  Cornwallis,  February  26th,  1780,  says  :  "  The  same  spirit  which 
pushes  men  in  the  land  of  our  nativity  to  commence  Committee  men,  etc.  etc.,  in 
these  regions,  engages  men  of  strong  passions  and  slender  abilities  to  become  preach 
ers."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  under  date  of  Cornwallis,  October  23d,  to  Mr.  Robie,  at 
Halifax,  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  who,  it  seems,  was  a  debtor  to  Mr.  Robie. 
Also,  in  another  letter,  of  same  date,  to  Mr.  Robie,  Mr.  B.  says :  "  If  you  are  willing 
to  take  my  bills,  I  can  immediately  transmit  you  a  bill  of  £12  10,  which  was  due  in 
September." 

JOSEPH  PATTEN,  (of .)    Rev.  William  Clark  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at 

,  under  date  of  London,  December  2d,  1779,  and  says  :     "  Joseph  Patten,  Esq., 

(formerly  an  active  man  in  that  Mission,*  and  Representative  for  that  County,)  I  think 
you  must  know,  inasmuch  as  he  once  told  me  that  he  had  for  a  while  attended  your 
ministry  when  he  lived  in  the  Eastern  Country.  I  want  to  know  whether  he  be  living, 
and  what  part  he  takes  in  affairs,  publick  and  parochial,  etc.  I  wrote  him  by  Mr. 
(Rev.  J.  W.,)  Weeks.'  (This  letter  is  directed  to  Joseph  Patten,  Esq.,  Granville, 
N.  S.,  and  is  dated  London,  March  23d,  1779.) 

MAJOR          ROGERS,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Maj.  Samuel  Goodwin, 

at  Pownalboro',  under  date  of  September  3d,  1779,  and  says  :  "  The  famous,  now  Col., 
but  once  Major  Rogers,  is  raising  two  or  three  battalions  of  men  to  range  the  Eastern 
Country,  etc  etc."  This  was  probably  Maj.  Robert  Rogers,  of  New  Hampshire,  of 
whom  an  interesting  account  is  given  in  "  Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  p.  576,  s.  s. 

DOWLING,  (of .)     John  Jones  writes,  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  May 

12,  1782,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey.    "  Mr.  Dowling,  and  a  number  of  our  refugees,  have  been 
to  Marblehead  in  order  to  cut  out  a  twenty-gun  ship.     They  were  discovered  when  on 
shore,  and  part  went  and  cut  out  a  shallop  at  noonday,  and  got  in  safe.    Mr.  Dow- 
ling,  Towns  and  Dickey,  and  others,  went  out  of  town  at  noonday  to  Boston  undis 
covered,  and  then  got  on  board  of  some  vessel,  came  to  Kennebeck,  and  got  here  safe, 
except  one  or  two  who  stopped  a  few  days  with  their  friends." 

CUMMINGS,  (of  Hollis,  N.  H.)     Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes :  Annapolis,  Dec. 

llth,  1782,  to  Thomas  Brown,  at  Halifax.     "  We  have  two  families  of  refugees  in  the 
house,  Mr.  Cummins,  a  gentleman  from  Hollis,  New  Hampshire,  with  a  wife  and  two 
children  from  Connecticut ;  the  other  is  Mr.  McKnown,  from  Boston,  with  two  negro 
men,  and  a  free  woman  of  the  same  complexion." 


*  Annapolis  Eoyal. 


332  APPENDIX. 

JOHN  McKoWN,  (of  Pemaquid,  Me.)  "Among  other  (fellow  sufferers  from  New 
York,)  we  have  at  our  house  one  John  McKnown,  whose  father  and  friends  lived  at 
Pemaquid.  I  imagine  you  must  have  some  acquaintance  with  the  family.  He  is  a 
sociable,  honest  young  gentleman,  newly  married,  and  his  wife  tarries  at  .New  York." 
— Rev.  J.  Bailey's  letter,  Jan.  2d,  1783,  to  Mrs.  Callahan,  (formerly  of  Pownalbor- 
ough,  Me.) 

FORM AN.  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  the  Society,  P.  G.,  October  28,  1784, 

Speaks  of  "  Mr.  Forman,  the  principal  schoolmaster  in  Di;by,  N.  S."  He  calls  him 
"  a  Refugee  and  an  half-pay  officer,"  and  narrates  his  efforts  to  promote  a  proper  ob 
servance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  by  assembling  his  pupils  for  divine  service  on  that  day. 
These  were  joined  by  the  scholars  of  other  schools  in  the  town,  and  afterwards  by 
many  adults.  These  efforts,  Mr.  Bailey  says,  produced  a  salutary  effect. 

Col.  (PETER  ?)  FRY,  (of  Salem,  Mass.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  S.  Parker, 
July  1,  1785,  and  speaks  of  intelligence  received  from  England  "by  Col.  Fry,  for 
merly  of  Salem,  who,"  he  says,  "  resides  in  my  family."  In  writing  to  Rev.  S.  Peters, 
at  London,  June  20,  1785,  he  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  letters  from  him,  and  says : 
"  Col.  Fry,  the  bearer,  takes  up  his  residence  under  my  roof."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says, 
August  16,  1785,  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass  :  "  Col.  Fry,  late  of  Salem,  left  London  on  the 
first  of  May,  and  now  resides  at  my  house."  Peter  Fry  writes,  Halifax,  N.  S.,  May 
22d,  1786,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey  :  "  I  would  assist  you  in  this  matter,  but  am  obliged  to 
leave  this  part  of  the  world  for  New  Foundland." 

WILLIAM  GARDINER.  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  J.  "W.  Weeks,  of  Marble- 
head,  under  date  of  Pownalborough,  October  10th,  1777:  "We  have  had  two  Tory 
Courts.  In  the  former  they  condemned  Mr.  William  Gardiner."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes 
also  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  Newburyport,  Sept.  21st.  1777  :  "  I  write  this  by  Mr.  Gard 
iner,  who  is  condemned  in  a  most  extraordinary  manner  for  transportation."  To 
John  Weeks,  Esq.,  of  Greenland,  JN.  H.,  Mr.  Bailey  also  writes,  Pownalborough, 
Sept.  22d,  1777  :  "  I  have  committed  this  letter  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  who  has 
been  tried  and  condemned  without  being  allowed  the  benefit  of  the  law,  and  is  now 
on  his  journey  to  Boston,  where  he  will  be  confined  on  board  a  guard  ship,  unless  the 
sentence  shall  be  reversed."  Also  to  Rev.  Dr.  Byles  :  "  Pownalborough,  October 
10,  1777.  I  must  refer  to  the  bearer,  Mr.  Gardiner,  for  particulars.  He  is  a 
true  loyalist,  and  has  from  the  beginning  opposed  the  American  measures.  No  man 
among  us  has  done  more,  according  to  his  abilities,  to  support  the  distressed  friends 
of  government."  To  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  at  London,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  Hali 
fax,  July  29th,  1779,  and  says:  "  The  malice  of  Gushing  and  Bowman  has  been  rest 
less  and  furious,  both  against  me  and  your  son.  After  long  attendance  Mr.  Gardiner 
obtained  leave  to  visit  you  at  York,  but  was  unhappy  enough  to  find  that  you  had 
sailed  for  England.  He  then  returned  to  Kennebeck,  from  whence  he  was  driven  in 
April  last,  but  returned  June  1st." 

WALLACE.     Thomas  Brown  writes,  Halifax,  Feb.  16th,  1780  :  "  A  man  lately 

died  with  the  small  pox  at  his  (Ed.  Doherty's)  house,  in  Halifax,  who  had  the  dis 
temper  as  bad,  I  suppose,  as  any  man  ever  had  it.  His  name  was  Wallace,  a  refugee 
from  New  England,  a  man  of  good  character,  who  lodged  at  his  house,  and  was  per 
suaded  to  be  innoculated  by  a  Hessian  doctor,  and,  I  believe,  lost  his  life  by  that 
means." 

NATHANIEL   GAKDINER,  (of  Pownalborough.)      Rev.   J.  Bailey  writes,  Pownal 
borough,  Oct.  13,  1777,  to  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  at :     "  The  bearer,  Mr.  Nath'l 

Gardiner,  kinsman  to  Dr.  Gardiner,  I  can  recommend  as  a  steady  fric«nd  to  Government. 
He  has  greatly  distinguished  himself  by  using  both  his  influence  and  fortune  for  the 
support  of  those  who  have  been  persecuted  and  distressed,  &c.  &c."  John  Jones  writes, 


APPENDIX.  333 

under  date  of  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  Sept.  4th,  1780,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis  : 
"  JN'at.  Gardiner  is  a  prisoner  with  the  rebels  in  Casco  gaol."  Thos.  Brown  in  a  letter, 
Halifax,  Sept.  13,  1780,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  says  :  "  Nath'l  Gardiner,  in  at 
tempting  to  get  up  some  iron,  belonging*  to  the  rebel  wrecks,"  (at  Penobscot,)  "  was 
unluckily  made  a  prisoner,  and  is  now  in  Salem  (?)  gaol.  His  family  is  at  Penob 
scot."  Nathaniel  Gardiner  writes  from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  January  21st,  1781,  to 
Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  and  says  :  "  In  May  last  I  sailed  from  New  York  in 
the  armed  schooner  Golden  Pippin,  which  I  had  the  honour  to  command,  and  arrived 
safe  at  this  port  after  a  short  passage  with  my  family,  designing  upon  a  cruise  as 
soon  as  I  could  ship  a  proper  crew,  but  finding  hands  scarce,  and  being  advised  to  go 
up  Penobscot  River,  (by  Commodore  Mowat,)  was  unfortunately  taken  by  a  party  of 
rebels,  (being  a  detachment  of  Gen'l  Wadsworth's  rebels.)  They  immediately  pro 
ceeded  with  rne  to  Brunswick,  (on  New  Meadow's  River,)  where  I  was  taken  out  of 
said  vessel  by  John  Hobby,  John  Wood,  Benjamin  Lemmon,  and  a  number  of  other 
rebels  unknown,  who  carried  me  to  said  Lemmon's  house,  and  kept  me  under  a  strong 
guard  all  night.  In  the  morning  I  was  marched  to  Dummer  Sewairs,for  orders,  who 
never  examined  me  a  word,  but  gave  orders  for  my  marching  to  Casco  goal  in  irons. 
These  orders  were  complied  with,  and  I  was  marched  down  to  Stephen  Samson's  to 
have  my  irons  on,  where  I  was  met  by  a  crowd  of  miscreants,  from  whom  I  received 
abundance  of  insults  and  menaces,  hardly  to  be  borne  with,  and  in  about  an  hour  set 
out  for  Casco.  Arrived  at  Brunswick,  at  Stone's,  in  the  evening,  much  fatigued.  I 
was  put  into  a  chamber,  where  four  men  guarded  me  the  whole  night,  with  the  door 
locked,  and  in  bed  in  irons.  The  next  morning  early  set  out  for  Falmouth,  where  we 
arrived  about  sunset.  In  my  way  I  was  carried  to  the  gallows,  and  told  that  that 
•was  my  place.  I  was  delivered  to  one  Joseph  Prime,  then  Commanding  Officer  at 
Falmouth;  and  after  searching  my  pockets,  and  taking  from  me  my  Commission  and 
instructions  from  the  Court  of  Admiralty,  thrust  me  into  gaol,  where  I  had  neither 
bed,  blanket,  or  anything  to  lay  on  but  the  oak  plank  floor,  with  the  heads  of  spikes  an 
inch  high,  and  so  thick  together  I  could  not  lay  down  clear  of  them.  Neither  victuals 
nor  drink  ordered  me,  and  a  strong  guard  set  at  the  prison,  in  which  I  lay  five  days. 
My  son  brought  me  some  money,  or  I  must  have  died  from  such  cruel  treatment  as  1 
received  at  their  hands.  I  arrived  at  Casco  prison  the  29th  day  of  June,  1780,  and 
was  indicted  for  High  Treason  the  latter  part  of  the  first  week  in  July  following,  as 
you  will  see  by  the  enclosed  copy.  I  employed  Mr.  Lowell  and  Mr.  Bradbury  for  my 
counsel,  who  were  threatened  by  the  mobility  at  the  Court  House  door  for  undertak 
ing  for  a  Tory.  At  length,  by  the  interest  and  influence  of  my  two  attorneys,  the 
case  was  continued  to  next  term.  I  tarried  in  prison  four  months,  during  which 
time  they  never  allowed  me  the  value  of  a  paper  dollar  to  eat  or  drink";  but  what  I 
paid  for  as  I  had  it.  After  they  robbed  me  of  clothes,  and  even  my  pocket-book,  they 

told  the  gaoler  if  I  could  not  support  myself  I  might  die  and  be .  At  length  I 

found  means  to  break  the  prison  and  make  my  escape." 

In  a  letter  from  the  same  to  the  same,  from  same  place,  dated  March  12th,  1781,  he 
says  :  "  I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  Sally  is  married  to  Mr.  Rogers,  the 
Commissary  of  this  garrison.  Docter  Coffin  was  very  kind  to  me  while  in  prison,  and 
desires  to  be  remembered  to  you.  I  left  Ridley  in  Casco  gaol  when  I  left  it,  for  Tory 
ism,  but,  I  am  informed,  he  is  since  gone  home."  Nathaniel  Gardiner  writes  to  Rev.  J. 
Bailey,  Cornwallis,  under  date  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  March  28th,  1781 ;  "  I  send 
you  a  copy  of  my  Indictment,  in  order  to  let  you  know  the  determination  of  the  Reb 
els,  while  in  their  power,  with  insults  and  irons  for  four  months,  without  anything 
to  eat  or  drink,  and  at  last  broke  gaol  and  made  my  escape.  Indeed,  I  am  not  able 
to  describe  to  you  my  sufferings.  They  have  robbed  me  of  all  I  had,  and  reduced  me 
to  the  lowest  ebb.  I  am  in  no  way  of  doing  anything  at  present." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  answering  the  above,  April  17,  1781,  says:  "I  determine  to 


334  APPENDIX. 


transmit  a  copy  of  your  indictment  to  Mr.  Domette  and  Mr.  Lyde,  who  have  consid 
erable  influence  with  some  leading  gentlemen.  *  *  I  shall  have  strong  induce 
ments  to  do  this,  both  from  motives  of  sympathy  and  gratitude,  for  the  many  favours 
we  formerly  received  from  your  generosity  have  laid  us  under  pressing  obligations  to 
make  the  most  sensible  returns  in  our  power."  In  writing  to  George  Lyde,  at  London, 
under  date  of  April  39,  1781,  Ilev.  J.  Bailey  says  :  "  Mr.  Nathaniel  Gardiner  was  for 
merly  a  Justice  in  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  but  lately  an  inhabitant  of  Pownal- 
borough,  on  the  Kennebec  River.  *  *  After  being  cruelly  harrassed  and  plundered, 
he  escaped  from  the  dominions  of  revolt,  and  through  various  obstructions  arrived  in 
safety  at  New  York."  H.  B.  Brown,  in  writing  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Halifax,  June  29th, 
1783,  speaks  of  the  proposed  abandonment  of  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  by  the  British. 
He  continues  :  "  some  of  the  inhabitants  intend  for  Port  Roseway,  others  for  Passa- 
maquoddy.  Mr.  Gardiner  and  family  are  for  the  former.  He  has  been  over  there 
lately  with  a  load  of  boards,  and  has  drawn  his  lot."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  N. 
Gardiner,  July  26th,  1784  :  "  I  am  anxious  to  hear  in  what  manner  you  proceed  at 
Port  Roseway,  and  whether  you  are  in  love  with  the  name,  Shelburne  ?" 

CHARLESTOWN.*    Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  Cornwallis,  Sept.  6th,  1781,  tc  Rev. 

J.  W.  "Weeks  :  "  I  am  favoured  with  your  letter  by  Charlestown,  who  has  often  trans 
ported  us  over  the  river  of  rebellion  when  we  resided  at  Cambridge." 

DR.  JAMES  TUPPER,  (of  Pownalboro'.)  This  gentleman  resided  at  Pownalboro',  at 
least  from  August  24th,  1772,  till  June  8th,  1775,  as  during  the  time  embraced  between 
these  two  dates  entries  are  made  in  Rev.  J.  Bailey's  Journal  of  their  exchanging 
visits  at  their  respective  houses.  In  September,  1779,  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him  at 
Newport,  R.  I.,  and  speaks  of  "our  friends  in  that  quarter,  "  meaning  Pownalboro', 
which  he  had  just  before  mentioned. 

In  a  letter  from  Fort  George,  May  12th,  1782,  it  is  said :  "  Dr.  Tupper  is  here,  and 
gives  me  the  news  from  that  quarter.f  He  has  lived  at  home  with  his  father  in  peace 
for  a  long  time."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  June  10th,  1787,  to  Peter  Hunter,  Esq.,  Sec 
retary  to  the  Commissioners,  &c.,  at  St.  John,  N.  B. :  "I  enclosed  to  your  direction, 
some  time  ago,  a  certificate  respecting  Mrs.  Rebecca  Callahan,  but  as  I  am  uncertain 
whether  you  ever  received  it,  I  would  beg  leave  to  transmit  another  by  Dr.  Tupper,  a 
gentleman  with  whom  I  have  long  been  acquainted.  He  was  High  Sheriff  under  His 
Majesty.  I  know  him  to  have  been  loyal  from  the  beginning  of  the  late  revolution, 
and  that  he  has  suffered  several  severe  imprisonments  for  his  adherence  to  the  Royal 
cause."  This  application  probably  proved  unsuccessful,  as  the  subject  of  this  notice 
returned  to  Nantucket,  where  he  died. 

BENJAMIN  SNOW.  Mr.  Bailey  says  of  this  person,  that  "  he  made  his  escape  to  An 
napolis  in  1781."  In  a  letter  to  the  Venerable  Society,  Oct.,  1782,  Mr.  Bailey  writes  : 
"  The  school  at  Annapolis  has  been  supplied  for  a  year  past  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow, 
who  received  his  education  at  Dartmouth  College  and  was  expelled  from  New  Eng 
land  for  his  loyalty."  Rev.  Dr.  Morice  in  his  reply  to  this  communication  in  January 
of  the  following  year,  says:  "The  Society  have  complied  with  all  your  requests. 
They  have  appointed  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow  their  schoolmaster  at  Annapolis,  with  the 
usual  salary  of  ten  Pounds,  commencing  on  Michaelmas  last."  In  the  spring  of  1783 
Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  the  subject  of  this  notice  at  St.  Johns,  N.  B.,  to  which  place  he 
had  then  removed.  December  10th,  1785,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Rev.  Mr.  Cook,  at  the 
above-named  place  :  "  I  am  persuaded  that  Mr.  Snow  is  in  very  narrow  circumstances." 


*This  may  have  been  a  nickname  given  to  an  individual  well  known  to  Mr.  Bailey  and  Mr. 
Weeks, 
t  Probably  Nantucket. 


APPENDIX.  335 


JOHN  LEE,  (of  Concord,  Mass.)  October,  1777,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Mr.  Lee  is  cap 
tain  of  a  company  in  New  York."  To  John  Jones,  Feb.  8,  1780 :  "  Your  brother, 
Jack  Lee,  came  to  Halifax,  soon  after  the  dispersion  of  the  rebels  at  Penobscot,  and 
was  frequently  at  my  house.  He  informed  us  that  his  brother  had  reached  New  York 
in  safety.  He  had  been  in  a  privateer  with  Nat.  Gardiner,  and  afterwards  returned 
to  Penobscot,  and  then  came  to  Halifax  in  the  Nautilus."  And  in  a  letter  written 
about  the  same  time  to  Mr.  Jonas  Lee,  at  Concord,  Mass.,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Your 
brother  Jack  was  frequently  at  my  house  in  September  last,  but  where  he  is  at  pres 
ent  I  am  uncertain." 

CAPTAIN  ANTILL  GALLOP,  (of .)  He  embarked  with  the  British  army  for 

Halifax  in  1776. 

Mr.  Bailey  says,  September  15th,  1781 :  "  Capt.  Gallop,  my  particular  friend,  left 
Newbury,  (Mass.)  within  this  fortnight,  and  is  now  at  Windsor." 

Thomas  Brown  writes,  Halifax,  September  13th,  of  the  same  year :  "  Our  friend  Gal 
lop  has  been  very  unfortunate  in  his  affairs,  having  been  captured  by  a  rebel  ship,  car 
ried  to  Guadaloupe,  whence  he  took  passage  for  Newbury,  and  lately  arrived  here,  in 
a  cartel  from  Portsmouth."  Captain  Gallop  was  at  Windsor,  N.  S.,  in  the  following 
November,  as  appears  from  the  copy  of  a  letter  addressed  to  him  there. 

Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him,  August  15,  1782,  and  says :  "  In  the  evening  I  received  a 
visit  from  Captain  Baxter  and  his  son.  They  inform  me  that  you  had  been  endowed 
with  a  grant  of  one  thousand  acres  of  land  upon  St.  John's.  This  intelligence  has 
excited  me  to  petition  for  indulgence  of  the  same  nature.  Our  good  friend,  Captain 
Baxter,  is  desirous  of  having  me  settle  with  them,  and,  in  that  case,  I  should  be  en 
titled  to  a  thousand  acres  as  the  first  minister." 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  at  Windsor,  N.  S.,  October  25th,  1782,  and  at  Parrs- 
borough,  July  10th,  1786. 


WILLIAMS.*    Mr.  Bailey  says  in  a  letter,  April  1st,  1783 :    "  The  bearer, 

Mr.  Williams,  was  formerly  an  eminent  lawyer  in  New  England,  but  was  expelled  for 
his  aversion  to  rebellion." 

JAMES  ROGERS.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him  September  2d,  1782,  and  says  :  "  When 
did  you  receive  any  intelligence  from  Mrs.  Rogers,  your  little  son,  and  our  friends  at 
Penobscot?" 

Another  letter  from  Mr.  Bailey,  July  26th,  1784,  was  addressed  to  J.  Rogers,  at 
Shelburne,  N.  S. 

SIMON  BAXTER,  (of  New  Hampshire.)  In  writing  to  Joseph  Domette,  then  in  Eng 
land,  under  date  of  October  17th,  1782,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  A  few  days  ago  I  was 
favoured  with  a  visit  from  Capt.  Baxter^  formerly  a  fellow  prisoner  with  you  in  Boston." 

Captain  S.  Baxter  says  in  a  letter :  "  Cunnab  enis.  Feb.  10th,  1783,  I  am  settled 
with  my  family  on  the  promised  land,  and  am  doing  very  well." 

BARTHOLEMEW  SULLIVAN,  (of ,)  embarked  at  Boston  with  the  British  army, 

for  Halifax,  in  1776. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  at  New  York,  July  6th,  1779  ;  also,  to  the  same  place, 
August  14th  of  the  same  year,  giving  him  an  account  of  the  situation  of  Gen.  McLean, 
at  Penobscot.  In  a  letter,  August,  1780,  to  Bartholemew  Sullivan,  at  New  York,  Mr. 
Bailey  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  him.  Mr.  Bailey  also  wrote,  July 
26th,  1784,  to  Mr.  Sullivan,  and  said:  "  We  have  both  passed  through  a  variety  of 
scenes  since  our  last  meeting  at  the  house  of  our  old  friend,  Dr.  Gardiner,  in  Boston." 


'  Perhaps  Elijah,  of  Kecne,  N.  H.    See  Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  p.  707. 


336  APPENDIX.' 

DR.  JONATHAN  HICKS,  (of  Boston,  Mass.)  Dr.  Hicks  was  in  Pownalborough  at  va 
rious  times  during  the  first  six  months  of  1774.  Mr.  Bailey  terms  him  Dr.  Hicks,  "of 
Boston,"  though  he  was  settled  for  about  two  years  in  what  is  now  Gardiner,  Maine. 
Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  him,  August  12th,  1779,  at  Antigua.  He  also  wrote,  December 
22d,  1780,  and  said  :  "  By  a  letter  from  your  brother  last  winter,  1  was  informed  that 
you  were  then  well  at  Antigua." 

GEORGE  LYDE,  (of  Falmouth,  Maine.)  This  gentleman  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Febru 
ary  17th,  1778  :  "  I  purpose  to  go  to  (New)  York  in  the  first  frigate,  and  from  thence 
to  London.  Capt.  Pote,  Mr.  Oxnard,  and  Mr.  Simmons,  are  all  well,  and  desire  their 
compliments."  A  letter  was  addressed  to  the  subject  of  this  notice  at  New  York, 
dated  July  3d,  1779,  by  Mr.  Bailey,  giving  him  an  account  of  the  sufferings  which  the 
writer  had  undergone  from  political  persecutions.  He  also  wrote  to  him  at  the  same 
place,  during  the  following  winter.  In  this  letter  he  says  :  "  You  have  a  sister  mar 
ried  to  an  inhabitant  of  this  town,  (Cornwallis,)  highly  bigotted  to  principles  which 
compelled  us  and  thousands  more,  to  abandon  our  beloved  homes,  and  to  explore  an 
asylum  in  distant  climes."  J.  Domette,  in  a  letter  from  Brompton,  near  London,  Au 
gust  17th,  1780,  says  :  "  Mr.  Lyde  is  well,  and,  I  believe,  intends  writing." 

JOHN  CARLETON,  (of  Woolwich,  Me.)  Mr.  Bailey  says,  April  27th,  1781,  in  a  letter 
to  Rev.  "William  Clark:  "  As  to  Mr.  Carleton,  he  is  one  of  my  old  Parishioners,  a 
man  of  the  highest  integrity,  the  most  undaunted  fortitude  and  inflexible  loyalty. 
AVhen  the  whole  country  was  rising  into  sedition  and  mobs,  spreading  the  terrors  of 
their  rioting  into  every  region,  nothing  could  shake  his  firmness,  or  abate  his  intre 
pidity,  and  though  he  was  met  in  a  lonely  forest  by  near  two  hundred  men  in  arms, 
requiring  him  to  sign  the  solemn  league  and  covenant,  or  consent  to  be  buried  alive, 
he  nohly  acquiesced  with  the  latter,  and  with  great  resolution  assisted  in  digging  his 
own  grave :  but  finding  him  still  unmoved  with  their  menaces,  they  allowed  him  to 
escape.  There  were  generous  spirits  among  them,  swearing  that  he  was  a  brave  fel 
low.  He  afterwards  concealed  in  his  house,  supported  and  aided  in  their  flight,  several 
unhappy  exiles.  He  was  a  friendly  benefactor  to  me  and  family,  and  it  was  from  his 
house  we  took  our  departure  for  Nova  Scotia.  But  I  am  almost  wholly  unacquainted 
with  his  story  since  that  event.  It  is  true,  I  received  a  short  letter  from  him  a  few 
days  ago,  announcing  his  residence  at  Penobscot." 

April  7th,  1781.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  Thomas  Brown,  and  speaks  of  having  just 
received  letters  from  Penobscot,  "  from  our  old  friend,  John  Carleton."  "  Mr. 
Carleton,"  he  continues,  "  was  plundered  by  the  rebels,  and  after  a  variety  of  adven 
tures,  reached  the  British  lines  in  company  with  several  young  men  of  his  neighbour 
hood.  He  is  regarded  as  a  man  of  enterprise  and  activity.  A  number  of  my 
parishioners  and  acquaintance  have  lately  arrived  from  the  rebel  dominions,  among 
the  rest,  Mr.  Benoni  Gardiner,  son  to  Nathaniel  Gardiner."  The  following  day,  in  a 
letter  to  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  it  is  said  :  "  Carleton  being  taken  by  a  vessel  in  the 
British  service,  and  carried  into  the  above-mentioned  port,*  was  sent  in  his  own 
schooner,  by  Col.  Campbell,  as  a  cartel  to  Boston.  But  without  any  regard  to  the 
sanctity  of  a  flag,  the  rebels  seized  his  vessel,  and  plundered  his  effects.  He  was, 
however,  fortunate  enough  to  escape,  and  with  two  or  three  young  fellows,  belonging 
to  Woolwich,  reached  Penobscot  in  safety,  leaving  a  wife  and  ten  children  to  the 
mercy  of  the  incensed  rebels."  A  letter  from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  written  about 
a  month  later  than  the  foregoing,  says  :  "  Carleton  is  gone  in  a  flag  to  Kennebeck  for 
some  families." 

Mr.  Bailey  addressed  the  following  to  Captain  C.  It  is  dated  Cornwallis,  N.  S. 
April  8th,  1782.  "  I  received  a  letter  from  you  last  summer,  but  was  prevented  from 

*  Penobscot. 


APPENDIX.  337 

making  any  reply  by  reason  of  the  rebel  boats  and  plunderers  on  our  coast.  I  have 
letters  from  Penobscot,  but  no  mention  of  you.  As  to  what  you  mentioned  concern 
ing  your  return  to  Kennebeck :  if  you  are  not  already  there,  I  would  beg  leave  to 
reply,  that  I  cannot  apprehend  it  would  be  prudent  for  you  to  put  yourself  into  their 
power,  and  to  what  purpose  will  be  Mr.  McCobb's  protection,  however  honest  his  in 
tentions,  when  there  is  a  power  in  the  governor  and  his  council  to  apprehend  any 
person  they  please,  and  to  proceed  with  him  according  to  martial  law.  It  cannot  be 
denied  that,  according  to  their  laws,  you  have  been  guilty  of  treason." 

JACKSON,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  Mr.  Jackson  at  Pownalboro', 

Maine,  and  said  :  "  Mr.  Lee  has  lately  arrived  here  from  New  York,  and  informs  me 
that  your  brother  is  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island." 

COFFIN,  DR.,  (of  Falmouth,  Maine.)    In  writing  to  Rev.  Mr.  Wiswall,  April 

28th,  1781,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Dr.  Coffin  still  continues  at  Falmouth,  an  inflexible 
friend  of  government." 

DR.  CASSIMIRE  MEYER,  (of  Pownalboro',  Maine.)  Dr.  Meyer  accompanied  Rev.  J. 
Bailey  in  his  journey  to  Halifax,  in  June,  1779.  When  Mr.  B.  left  that  place  for 
Cornwallis,  Dr.  M.  remained  behind.  He  was  implicated  with  Edmund  Doharty,  in 
the  concealment  of  deserters  from  British  men-of-war,  but  was  cleared  from  the  charge. 
(See  under  E.  Doharty.)  Mr.  Bailey  says,  April  18th,  1781  :  "  Mr.  Doharty  and  Dr. 
Meyer  are  just  removed  to  Penobscot."  Mrs.  R.  Callahan  writes,  Pownalboro',  Oct. 
llth,  1789  :  "  The  Meyers  are  all  well.  Cassimire  has  returned,  built  him  a  hut  on  the 
banks  of  the  Sydney,  and  lives  quite  in  the  hermit's  style.  The  name  of  the  Eastern 
River  is  altered  by  Court  to  that  of  Sydney." 

MAJ.  SAMUEL  GOODWIN,  (of  Pownalboro'.)    His  agency  in  promoting  the  settle 
ment  of  Kennebec  has  been  spoken  of. 
Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Major  Goodwin  signed  an  address  to  Gen.  Gage." 

43 


338  APPENDIX. 


LETTERS     AND    JOURNALS. 

The  following  letters  and  journals  were  not  inserted  in  the 
Memoir.  But  as  they  appear  to  contain  much  that  is  worthy 
of  being  preserved,  they  are  placed  in  the  Appendix. 

POWNALBORO',  April  8th,  1763. 
To  Dr.  S.  Gardiner,  Boston. 

*  *    As  to  Cobbosee,*  I  am  sorry  to  find  some  of  the  greatest  bigots  there  in  the 
land  against  the  Church  of  England.     I  was  lately  among  them  to  preach  a  lecture, 
but  the  people  excused  themselves  from  attending,  and  desired  that  I  would  visit  them 
on  a  Sunday.    I  however  preached  at  Capt.  Howard's,f  and  had  a  considerable  con 
gregation  of  the  upper  settlers.    *      *       * 

POWNALBORO',  March  10th,  1766. 
To  Rev.  H.  Caner,  Boston. 

*  *    I  have  had  more  avocations  abroad  this  winter  than  ever,  on  the  business  of 
my  Mission,  and  have  been  several  journeys  of  twenty  or  thirty  miles  each  way,  to 
marry  and  baptize. 

POWNALBORO',  October  15th,  1766. 
To  Mr.  Amos  Bailey. 

*  *       *    We  have  all  been  alarmed  on  account  of  the  Indians,  and  have  been 
obliged  to  quit  our  habitations,  though  there  has  not  the  least  damage  been  done  by 
them. 

1767. 

August  1st.    At  Richmond,  at  Mr.  Nye's. 

Id— Sunday.    80  persons  at  Church.    Contribution,  £3  19  6,  0.  T. 

3d.    Mrs.  Silvester  here. 

******* 

13th.    Visit  from  Mess.  Bowdoin's,  Pitts'  and  Reed's  families. 
IQth— Sunday.    82  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  £2  12  0. 
2,0th.    Married  John  Row  and  Hannah  Chase.    60  people  present. 
27th.     A  great  quarrel  at  Frankfort.^ 
September  1th.     At  Richmond,  at  Deacon  Chase's. 

llth.    At  Mr.  Houdlette's.     Married  Philip  Mayer  and  Polly  Houdlette.     Sixty 
people  present.     A  fine  entertainment. 
21s*.    Set  out  to  meet  Mr.  Weeks.  ||    Lodged  at  Dr.  Moor's. 

*  Cobosee-contee,  or  Sturgeon  River,  is  the  Indian  name  of  a  stream  which  enters  the  Kennebec  at 
the  present  city  of  Gardiner.    The  territory  near  the  junction  of  the  two  rivers  retained  for  a  long 
time  the  name  which  the  Indians  gave  to  the  stream. 

t  Probably  at  Fort  Western,  in  the  present  city  of  Augusta. 

$  This  was  the  name  of  the  "West  Precinct  of  Pownalboro',  before  the  territory  bearing  that  appel 
lation  was  incorporated.  The  original  name  appears  to  have  continued  in  popular  language  many 
years  after  the  act  of  incorporation. 

II  Hev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  Eector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblehead. 


APPENDIX.  339 

22d.    Travelled  to  Skillings'  (?)  with  Capt.  Berry. 

23d.  Arrived  at  Ladd's,  (?)  but  saw  nothing  of  Mr.  Weeks.  At  night,  came  to  Mr. 
Greenwood's  and  lodged. 

24th.  Travelled  with  Mr.  Greenwood.  Arrived  at  Portsmouth,  and  slept  at  Col. 
"Warner's. 

25th.    Arrived  at  Newbury,  and  slept  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Bass's. 

2Qth.     Changed  horses  at  Rowley.    Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

27th—  Sunday.    Preached  for  Mr.  Weeks. 

28th.  Mr.  Weeks  procured  for  me  five  dollars.  Capt.  Walton  (?)  gave  me  one. 
Arrived  at  Marchas,  (Manchester  ?)  and  lodged  at  my  brother's. 

29th.  Rode  to  Rowley,  and  there  found  my  old  friend  Dr.  Moore  (?).  Spent  the 
afternoon  at  Mrs.  Woodman's. 

3QZ/i.     Rode  to  Portsmouth.    Visited  Mr.  Browne,*  and  slept  at  Col.  Warner's. 

October  1st.  Travelled  this  day  with  Dr.  Jones,  Capt.  Lovet,  and  Capt.  Woodman. 
We  all  put  up  at  Kimball's. 

2d.     Reached  Mitchell's  about  dusk. 

3d.     Reached  Dr.  Moor's,  greatly  fatigued. 

4th.     Reached  home. 

"th.     Unwell,  could  not  attend  a  funeral. 

8th.    Visited  Mr.  Lilly,  Mr.  Houdlette,  Mr.  J.  Goud,  and  Mr.  P.  Mayer. 

llth — Sunday.     85  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  18s. 

12th.     Mr.  Michels  arrived  here. 

18th — Sunday.     But  a  few  people  at  Church. 

22d.     Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  go  to  Woolwich. 

23d.  We  come  from  Woolwich,  and  dine  at  Mr.  Preble's.  Afterwards,  I  go  down 
to  Mr.  Butler's. 

24th.     At  Mr.  Butler's  and  Mr.  Moulton's. 

25th — Sunday.     Preached  at  Mr.  Drummond's.f    Baptized  two. 

26th.     Rode  down  to  Mr.  Percy's,  but  got  badly  lost. 

27th.     Returned.     Baptized  5  children. 

28th.    A  severe  storm  of  rain  and  snow.    At  Dr.  Moor's,    Visited  Mr.  Winter.^ 

29th.    A  violent  stormy  wind.    At  Dr.  Moor's. 

3Qth.    Rode  home. 

31st.     Travelled  in  my  late  excursion  89  miles. 

[The  Journals  are  missing  from  November  1st,  1/67,  to  April  1st,  1769.] 

1769. 

April  5th — Sunday.    Such  bad  travelling,  no  service. 

13th.     At  Mr.  Lilly's, ||  Mr.  Goud's,  Mrs.  Patterson's,  and  Capt.  Callahan's. 
15th.     Mr.  Dunlap  here,  at  Major  Goodwin's.    Letters  from  Boston. 
17^.    Capt.  Callahan  arrives  here,  with  a  large  packet  from  Dr.  Gardiner,  contain 
ing  a  plan  of  a  Church,  etc.    At  Mr.  Pochard's.    Baptized  Jane Carney. 

18th.    Mrs.  Chase  here. 

21st.     At  Capt.  Callahan's,  Mr.  Goud's,  Mr.  Ridley's,  etc. 

23d.     Rode  over  to  Averill's.    Married  his  daughter  Lydia  to  A.  Dunlap. 

*  Rev.  Arthur  Browne,  Eector  of  Queen's  Chapel. 

t  In  Georgetown. 

t  Probably  Key.  Francis  Winter,  (Harvard  Coll.,  1765,)  Pastor  of  the  Second  Congregational  parish 
in  Georgetown. 

II  Mr.  L.  was  an  Englishman.  He  taught  a  school  for  a  number  of  years.  Contributions  were  raised 
for  his  benefit,  and  those  under  his  instruction  paid  a  fixed  sum,  but  the  children  of  the  poor  were 
taught  gratuitously. 


340  APPENDIX. 

2,1th.  At  Dr.  Rice's  and  Mr.  Wood's.  Married  Nathaniel  Rundlett  to  Lydia 
Laclat  (?). 

26l?i — Easter  Day.    Eleven  Communicants. 
27th.    Chose  Parish  officers. 
30th.    At  Mr.  Chase's. 

POWNALBORO',  January  5th,  1771- 
To  Mr.  William  Gardiner. 

*  *    We  have  had  a  fine  winter  here,  and  the  people  of  Gardinerston  are  at  work 
upon  the  frame  of  their  church. 

[The  Journals  are  missing  from  May  1st,  1769,  to  January  1st,  1772.] 

1772. 

January  13th.    At  Martin  Haley's. 

JANUARY  25th,  1772. 
To  Mr.  William  Gardiner. 

*  *      *     I  am  invited  to  preach  at  Pond-town,*  and  other  settlements  up  the 
river. 

27th.  Rode  to  Woolwich.  Baptized  William  and  Margaret,  children  of  William 
and  Eliza  Gilmore. 

February  2d— Sunday.  33  persons  at  Church.  Baptized  Nathaniel  Bailey.  Myself 
and  brother,  Mrs.  Bailey,  Eliza  Pochard,  Capt.  Callahan,  Mr.  Pochard,  and  Mrs.  B. 
(Sponsors  ?) 

3d.     Judge  Cushingf  and  Rowland  Cushing  spend  the  evening  at  my  house. 

7th.    At  Mr.  Malbone's. 

10th.     Twenty  people  here  for  pews. 

16th — Sunday.    15  persons  at  Church.    Snow  3  feet  6  inches  deep. 

loth.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Wheeler*  here. 

29th.    Mr.  Parsons  arrives  here. 

March  3d.     Mr.  Parsons  returns  for  Portsmouth. 

5th.  A  most  violent  snow  storm — continues  all  night.  Snow  falls  to  the  depth  of 
14  inches.  Set  off  for  Georgetown  ;  obliged  to  return. 

9th.    At  Mr.  White's. 

17th.     John  Stain  and  George  Goud  came  to  cypher. 

April  5th — Sunday.    70  persons  at  Church.    Baptized  J.  Jacqueen. 

6th.    At  Mr.  Herring's  funeral. 

20th.    A  violent,  cold  snow  storm.    8  people  at  the  choice  of  Church  officers. 

21st.    At  Mr.  Ridley's  and  Mr.  Lovejoy's. 

26th — Sunday.    8D  persons  at  Church.    Baptized  Joanna  Carney  and  Samuel  Clensy. 

May  16th.     Baptized  3  children  for  Loins. 

26th.    Baptized  Spearing  and  two  children. 

29th.    Baptized  3  children  for  Emerson ;  one  of  them  dies  suddenly  the  same  day. 

30th.     Hannah  Emerson  buried. 

June  2d.    At  my  brother's.    Mr.  Gardiner. 

3d.    Mrs.  Bailey  went  with  me  to  Cobbosee. 

4th.    At  Gardinerstown.    Six  Indians. 

*  Pond-town  includes  the  present  towns  of  Winthrop,  Keadfleld,  and  part  of  Wayne. — History  of 
Kennebec  Purchase.  Me.  Hist.  Colls.,  ii.  285. 

t  William  Cushing  was  the  first  Judge  of  Probate  in  Lincoln  County.  He  afterwards  received  an 
appointment  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts.  At  a  later  date, 
Washington  appointed  him  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

t  Of  Georgetown. 


APPENDIX.  341 


6th.    Came  home. 

1th— Sunday.    100  persons  at  Church.    Contribution,  £1  10  0. 

13th.    At  Capt.  Twyecross'.* 

17th.    At  Capt.  Lovejoy's.    Baptized  4  children  at  McGown's. 

23d.    At  Mr.  J.  Reed's,  Mr.  Goud's,  etc.    Esq.  Preble,  Dr.  McKechnie. 

25th.    At  Mr.  Kendall's. 

26th.    At  Mr.  Doe's. 

29th.    Set  off  for  Falmouth. 

30th.    Arrive  at  Falmouth. 

July  1st.    After  paying  several  visits,  set  off  for  home,  and  lodged  at  Loring's. 

2d.    Returned  home. 

6lh.    Dr.  (S.)  Gardiner  and  son  here. 

12th — Sunday.    55  persons  at  Church.    Scales  preaches  at  the  Court-house. 

19th — Sunday.    95  persons  at  Church.     Scales  at  the  Court-house. 

22rf.    At  Mr.  L.  Houdlette's.    Mr.  Gardiner  here. 

27th.    Required  by  Col.  Gushing  to  quit  ray  house  to  M. 

29th.    M.  takes  possession  of  this  house. 

August  3d.     Mr.  Springer  here. 

5th.  A  terrible  storm  of  thunder,  lightning  and  rain,  for  6  hours.  J.  Noble's 
house  struck. 

6th.    Went  to  Gardinerston.    Raised  their  spire. 

Sth.    At  home.    Company,  Capt.  Folger  and  Mr.  Baker. 

lO^A.    At  Mr.  Patterson's.     Baptized  Joanna  Howard. 

13th.    Mr.  Winter  preached  at  Mr.  Kidder's,  and  baptized  9  persons. 

14th.    Mr.  Winter  and  Mr.  Winthrop  here. 

16th — Sunday.  Opened  the  Church  at  Cobbosee.  80  persons  present.  Baptized 
Daniel  Tibbetts,  John  Door,  and  Joseph  Pike,  Adults;  and  Louisa  Fletcher,  Theo 
dore,  Edward  and  Abiather  Tibbetts,  and  Hannah  Warren. 

22d.    At  Capt.  Smith's. 

23d—  Sunday.    90  persons  at  Church.    Contribution,  £1  7  0. 

24th.    At  Call's.    Baptized  children  for  him. 

25th.    At  Capt.  Folger's,  to  visit  Mrs.  Pratt,  sick. 

29*A.    At  Mr.  Leure's  (?)    Baptized  his  child. 

30th—  Sunday.    92  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  £7  0  0. 

31st.    Set  out  with  Mrs.  Bailey  for  Boston.    Tarried  over  night  at  Dr.  Moor's. 

September  1st.    In  company  with  Mr.  Winter.    Lodged  at  Bachman's. 

2d.    Lodged  at  Littlefield's. 

3d.    Lodged  at  York. 

4th.    Lodged  at  JMewbury. 

5th.    Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

Sept.  6th— Sunday.    Preached  at  Marblehead. 

7th.    At  Marblehead. 

Sth.    At  Salem.    Arrived  at  Boston,  an  angry  interview  with  Dr.  (S.)  Gardiner. 

9th.    Met  with  trouble  at  the  Convention. 

10th.    Dined  at  Dr.  Byles'  in  Charlestown. 

llth.    Returned  to  Marblehead. 

12th.    Dined  at  Mr.  Abraham's. 

13th— Sunday.     At  Marblehead.  ,. 

14th.    Dined  at  Col.  Gallison's. 

'Robert  Twyecross  came  as  master  of  a  merchant  ship  from  England  to  Kennebec.  He  married 
Lydia,  daughter  of  Maj.  S.  Goodwin,  by  whom  he  had  five  children.  He  left  the  country  in  time  of 
the  Revolution,  and  became  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Navy.  His  wife  and  children  went  to  him  in 
London.  One  of  them,  Stephen  NM  returned,  aud  married  Mary  Bailey,  and  died  in  Dresden. 


342  APPENDIX. 


loth.    John  Weeks  here. 

16th.    "Went  to  Boston.    Mrs.  Bailey  went  to  Greenland. 

17th.     Spent  the  day  chiefly  at  Charlestown. 

18th.    Returned  in  the  evening  to  Marblehead. 

19^.    At  Salem.    Supped  at  Capt.  Webbe's. 

2Qth — Sunday.     Preached,  but  very  unwell. 

21st.    Set  out  from  Marblehead.    Lodged  at  Newbury. 

22d.    Third  Mrs.  Bailey  at  North-hill.    Lodged  at  Greenland. 

23d    Lodged  at  Cape  Natick. 

24th.    In  company  with  Mrs.  Perkins,  and  the  Doctor,  lodged  at  Mr.  Trask's. 

25th.    Lodged  at  Mr.  Springers. 

26th.    Arrived  home  with  Mrs.  Bailey  and  her  brother,  the  Doctor. 

Oct  6th.     Abroad  training. 

llth — Sunday.     Disappointed  of  preaching  at  Gardinerstown ;  preached  at  home. 

12th.    Four  children  of  Mr.  Carney's  at  school. 

13th.    Mr.  Gardiner  lodges  here. 

POWNALBOKOUGH,  October  L5th,  1772. 
To  Rev.  W.   W.    Wheeler. 

REV.  SIR  : — I  was  very  sorry  not  to  find  you  at  Boston,  and  was  sadly  disappointed 
in  missing  an  opportunity  of  seeing  you.  I  sincerely  regret  your  absence  from  this 
country,  which  leaves  me  wholly  exposed  to  the  merciless  rage,  I  will  presume  to  say, 
of  the  vilest  miscreants  on  earth.  You  have  doubtless  heard  that  I  have  been  ex 
pelled  my  habitation ;  and  with  a  view  of  preserving  the  church  from  destruction  I 
took  a  lease  of  the  parsonage  house  for  six  months.  Dr.  Gardiner  was  extremely 
offended  at  my  proceedings.  He  wanted  me  to  engage  in  a  law  stiit  with  M.,  but,  in 
the  opinion  of  good  lawyers,  fully  acquainted  with  the  circumstances,  there  was 
hardly  a  bare  probability  of  success.  There  is  now  liberty  of  redemption  till  the  last 
of  next  July,  and  if  the  Doctor  would  compose  himself  to  reason,  the  affair  might 
easily  be  accommodated.  But  this  gentleman  was  certainly  wrong  to  erect  the  church 
and  house  upon  disputed  lands,  contrary  to  repeated  remonstrances.  At  Convention 
I  had  a  most  melancholy  time.  The  Doctor  made  his  complaint  against  me  to  the 
clergy,  accused  me  of  sacrilege,  and,  if  I  understand  the  matter,  endeavoured  to  ob 
tain  their  interest  against  me  with  the  Society.  Two  or  three  gentlemen  were  very 
severe  against  me,  and  an  equal  number  were  in  my  favour.  At  length  the  matter 
dropped  without  any  representation  of  the  affair  to  the  Society.  I  reckon  myself  under 
peculiar  obligations  to  Mr.  Troutbeck  and  Mr.  Winslow.  I  am  sorry,  however,  I  took 
a  lease,  though  my  intentions  were  for  the  best.  I  believe  it  would  have  been  better 
if  I  had  wholly  quitted  the  house  and  refused  to  commence  a  lawsuit  about  the  mat 
ter  ;  and  if  all  should  now  be  accommodated  I  am  in  a  very  bad  situation,  having 
already  expended  near  a  year's  salary,  and  must  be  a  slave  to  mv  successor. 

21st.    At  Goodwin's.    All  sick  with  the  measles. 

[Extract  from  a  communication  by  Mr.  Bailey  to  one  of  the  Boston  newspapers,  No 
vember  2d,  1772 :— ] 

"  The  western  part  of  this  town  is  separated  from  Wiscassett  by  a  tract  of  unculti 
vated  land  seven  or  eight  miles  over,  and  was  chiefly  settled  by  foreign  Protestants, 
mostly  French,  about  twenty  years  ago,  in  the  neighborhood  of  which,  at  that  time, 
resided  a  Romish  Missionary,  from  Canada,  who  labored  to  seduce  the  people  both 
from  their  religion  and  the  English  interest.  His  design  being  perceived,  and  to  pre 
vent  their  children  from  being  perverted,  they  united  in  a  petition,  setting  forth  these 
facts,  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  requesting  that 
a  Missionary  of  the  Church  of  England  might  be  appointed  to  reside  among  them. 


APPENDIX.  343 


The  Society,  in  consideration  of  their  danger,  and  in  compassion  to  their  extreme 
poverty,  granted  their  petition,  and  have  ever  since  supplied  them  both  with  a  Minis 
ter,  a  number  of  Bibles,  and  many  pious  tracts.  It  must  be  evident  that  no  objection 
can  be  advanced  against  supporting  a  Mission  in  that  remote  and  necessitous  part  of 
the  country ;  and  the  ingenious  Dr.  Mayhew,  well  known  to  be  no  friend  to  the 
Church  or  the  Society,  acknowledges  that  their  conduct  in  this  instance  merits  the 
highest  applause. 

Nov.  UK.    At  Nantucket.* 

8th — Sunday.    77  persons  at  Church.    Contribution  £3  5s. 

12th.,  At  Col.  Cushing's. 

llth.    At  Mr.  T  wing's. 

Dec.  3rd — Thanksgiving  Day.  33  persons  at  church.  Preached  at  night  at  Love- 
joy's,  34  persons  present. 

6th — Sunday.  6  persons  present.  At  night  baptized  four  children  of  Cleave- 
land's.  (?) 

15th.    At  Capt.  Twyecross'. 

POWNALBOROUGH,  November  7th,  1772. 
To  Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  Marblehead. 

DEAR  SIR: — I  have  received  your  letter  and  the  bundle  you  sent  from  Marblehead, 
but  hear  nothing  of  the  other  by  way  of  Newmarket.  You  have  doubtless  seen  the 
pieces  signed  "Probus"  and  "Detector."  Mr.  B.  and  his  companion  keep  them 
very  private,  and,  I  believe,  would  never  have  exposed  them  among  the  people  here 
had  not  Callahan  opened  the  matter.  These  gentlemen  declare,  without  any  reserve, 
that  "  Probus  "  is  Dr.  Caner,  and  they  scruple  not  to  call  him  a  liar.  It  is  imagined 
that  "  Detector  "  is  Col.  C.,  with  the  assistance  of  Bowman.  But  whoever  is  the  au 
thor,  it  is  a  composition  of  the  most  open  and  notorious  falsehoods.  He  asserts  that 
"  our  first  inhabitants  emigrated  from  Frankfort."  Now  before  a  single  person  knew 
of  these  publications  I  made  an  exact  enquiry,  and  found  that  not  a  single  person 
came  either  from  Frankfort,  or  from  its  jurisdiction.  He  next  declares,  that  "  no 
French  were  among  them."  It  might  with  equal  truth  be  affirmed  that  all  the  inhab 
itants  of  Kennebeck  are  Indians.  Again,  he  makes  a  mighty  parade  about  a  settle 
ment  began  from  Dorchester  in  1760.  In  reply  to  that,  I  am  certain  that  only  two 
families  of  Quakers  from  Scituate  settled  in  this  place  that  year.  Besides  these, 
three  families,  two  of  European  Church  people,  and  the  other  a  Quaker,  began  in 
November  the  settlement  at  Cobbosee-Contee.  These  are  all  the  persons  who  settled 
in  Kennebeck  in  1760.  What  is  asserted  concerning  two  parishes  on  Sheepscot  River 
is  equally  false,  for  there  is  but  one,  and  the  old  ordained  minister  so  largely  support 
ed,  is  blind  Prince,  whose  hearers  are  extremely  poor,  and  himself  in  almost  a  starving 
condition.  Col.  Gushing  has  declared,  since  his  arrival  from  the  westward,  that  had 
not  my  attachment  to  Dr.  Gardiner  been  so  great,  I  should  not  have  had  an  enemy  in 
Pownalborough,  and  he  hinted  that  it  was  yet  in  my  power  to  secure  the  friendship 
of  every  one.  This,  perhaps,  was  said  for  some  ensnaring  purpose.  His  opinion  and 
yours,  that  but  few  would  go  to  church  if  they  were  obliged  to  contribute  to  its  sup 
port,  is  contrary  to  my  notion  of  the  matter.  More,  I  am  persuaded,  would  be  willing 
to  pay  towards  the  church  than  the  meeting,  but  were  both  to  be  maintained  here  by 
the  people,  some  would  certainly  turn  Quakers  to  avoid  taxes.  An  exchange  with 
(Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  would  be  agreeable  to  me,  but  I  cannot  think  that  there  is  the 
most  distant  prospect  of  his  accepting  the  offer.  The  affair  was  mentioned  some 
time  ago,  and  I  was  informed  that  it  was  disagreeable  to  my  hearers. 

*  Four  persons  from  the  Island  of  Nantucket,  Mass.,  purchased  a  farm  in  the  northeasterly  part  of 
Pownalborough,  and  gave  the  name  of  their  former  residence  to  their  purchase. 


344  APPENDIX. 

December  18th.  *  *  *  I  cannot  avoid  mentioning  the  extraordinary  generosity  of 
our  people.  "We  have  not  bought  any  kind  of  meat  since  we  came  home,  and  yet 
have  been  plentifully  supplied.  Besides  meal,  butter,  and  a  great  plenty  of  vege 
tables,  Mrs.  Bailey  says  we  have  meat  enough  to  last  us  a  month.  Scarce  a  family 
have  failed  to  contribute  something. 

25th — Christmas  Day.     32  persons  at  Church. 
26th.    No  ice  in  the  river  except  a  little  run. 

SQth.    A  fine,  clear,  warm  day.     Flies  playing  about  in  the  fields  like  summer. 
Wind  S.  W. 
3lst.     Scarcely  any  ice  in  the  river. 

[At  the  end  of  this  journal  are  the  following  names.  Some  of  them  are  known  to 
have  been  children  at  the  time,  all  were  young  persons.  They  may  have  been  mem 
bers  of  a  school  which  Mr.  Bailey  taught,  or  perhaps  Catechumens  in  his  parish; 
Molly  Houdlette,*  Becky  Nye,  Becky  Emerson,f  Sarah  Emerson,^;  Hannah  Emerson, 
Peggy  McGown,U  Jenny  McGown,§  Molly  McGown.H  Molly  Clensy,  Betty  Ken 
dall,**  Mary  Carlo, ft  Jenny  Pochard,+J  Katy  Carlow,  Lydia  Goodwin,  Nancy  Good 
win,  Sally  Ridley, UK  Charlotte  Smith,  Molly  Carney,  Polly  Lovejoy.$§  Fanny  Lovejoy, 
Sally  Andros,  Ruthy  Carney,  Dolly  Houdlette,UU  Anna  C.  Houdlette,***  Martin 
Carlow,  George  Pochard,  William  Kendall,  Thomas  Burns,  James  Patterson,  Amos 
Holland,  James  Ridley,  John  Ridley,  Francis  Ridley.] 

1773. 

[The  Journal  for  January  is  missing.] 

POWNALBORO'.  Feb.  6th,  1773. 
To  Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  Marblehead. 

DEAR  SIR  : —  *  *  #  *  I  should  be  glad  of  your  resolution  of  the  following 
case.  I  lately  published  a  young  fellow  to  Mr.  Ridley's  daughter  immediately  after 
service.  Another  young  woman  forbad  the  banns,  alledging  that  he  was  under  en 
gagements  to  her.  The  next  morning  they  paid  me  a  visit,  and  the  man  acknowl 
edged  that  he  had  solemnly  promised  himself  to  both,  and  begged  that  Esther 
Kendall,  the  girl  present,  would  release  him.  She  declared  herself  willing,  but  was 
under  scruples  of  conscience  on  account  of  her  promise,  which  was  in  the  following 
•words  :  "  I  wish  I  may  never  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  heaven  if  I  marry  any  other 
man,"  and  desired  me  to  give  my  opinion.  After  a  long  dispute  the  fellow  declared, 
before  witnesses,  in  favour  of  the  girl's  character,  and  gave  his  consent  that  his  pub 
lishment  to  her  rival  might  go  on,  but  the  next  day  Mrs.  Ridley  forbad  it  again,  and 
the  poor  fellow  was  left  absolutely  destitute,  for  Esther  absolutely  refuses  to  marry 
him,  but  imagines  herself  obliged  by  her  promise  to  live  single  all  her  days.  Now  I 
should  be  obliged  if  you  would  give  me  your  sentiments. 

February  1th—  Sunday,    A  storm  of  snow,  8  inches.    No  service  in  church. 

20th.     At  S.  Marson's. 

26th.    Baptized  Benjamin  Lawrence. 

26th.    Mr.  Gardiner,  Dr.  McKecknie  and  Mr.  Goodwin. 

*  Married  George  Mayer.  f  Married  John  Stain.  J  Married  Eliphalet  Dudley. 

||  Married  Col.  Cargill.  $  Married Mason.  IT  Married  George  Mason. 

**  Married  Paul  Beckford.  f|  Married White.         $$  Married  John   McGown. 

Illl  Married  Dr.  Theobald.  $$  Married Dinsmore.   1HT  Married  Abraham  Page. 

V"  Married Beckford.  Mrs.  Beckford  is  now  living,  and  was  93  years  of  age  June 

10th,  1853. 


APPENDIX. 


345 


March  Id.    Ran  out  the  Church  land  with  Mr.  Goodwin  and  Dr.  McKecknie. 

3d.    Baptized  Mr.  Kendall. 

5th.    At  Mr.  Gatchell's,  (at  Bowdoinham.) 

6t/t.    At  John  Barker's. 

llth.    Baptized  Hannah,  Joanna,  Nathaniel,  and  Elizabeth  Haley. 

14/A — Sunday.     114  people  at  church. 

POWNALBOKO',  March  15th,  1773. 
To  Rev.  J.  Win%ate  Weeks,  Marblehead,  Mass. 

It  is  above  three  months  since  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  you.  I 
hope  no  misfortune  has  befallen  you  or  your  family.  I  am  very  uneasy  in  my  present 
situation,  and  what  gives  me  the  greatest  vexation,  is  the  scandal  which  was  thrown 
upon  me  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  so  readily  believed  by  several  of  my  brethren,  who,  with 
out  a  proper  knowledge  of  the  law,  or  any  acquaintance  with  the  circumstances  of  affairs 
were  disposed  to  condemn  me.  In  the  first  place  it  is  evident  by  a  standing  law  of  the 
Province,  (see  p.  370,)  that  no  Episcopal  minister  can  aliene  any  lands  or  possessions 
of  the  Church,  without  the  concurrence  of  his  Wardens  and  Vestry ;  and  next,  if 
there  is  any  foundation  for  a  law-suit,  it  must  be  carried  on  in  their  names,  which 
they  absolutely  refuse,  every  one  declares  that  he  had  rather  pay  his  proportion  to 
redeem  it ;  and  besides,  upon  lately  running  out  the  land  by  a  sworn  surveyor,  we  were 
able  to  correct  several  mistakes.  The  land,  of  which  M.  gave  me  a  lease,  falls  without 
our  grant  from  the  Plymouth  Company,  and  therefore  could  by  no  means  affect  our 
title  to  the  parsonage,  then  the  house  is  found  to  stand  upon  land  of  which  he  gave 
me  no  lease,  and,  to  our  great  satisfaction,  we  find  the  church  is  without  the  limits  of 
the  Major's  claim,  and  with  it  about  thirty-five  acres  of  land. 
But  to  make  the  matter  plain,  I  have  annexed  the  following  scheme  : 


The  Church  & 
land  without  the 
Major's  claim. 


Kier's  lot  on  which 
the  house  stands. 


Norden's  lot,  of 
which  M.  gave  me 
a  lease. 


By  this  you  will  perceive  that,  though  the  church  and  a  pretty  lot  of  land  are  secure, 
yet  the  house  is  on  Goodwin's  claim,  and  further,  that  by  paying  the  money,  we  shall 
have  nearly  fifty  acres  more  than  our  grant  specifies. 

M.  is  so  chagrined  at  this  discovery,  that  he  is  preparing  to  build  a  meeting-house, 
and  declares  that  he  will  have  the  parsonage  for  a  dissenting  minister.  Mr.  Ridley, 
the  bearer,  determines,  if  possible,  to  procure  the  money  for  paying  off  M.,  and  to  ob 
tain  a  deed  of  Goodwin,  for  which  he  will  offer  security.  I  am  certain,  as  1  hinted  to 
you  before,  that  whoever  should  advance  the  money  and  take  the  house  and  land  for 
security,  would  have  a  fine  bargain,  for  more  has  been  offered  for  Norden's  lot  alone, 
without  any  house,  than  M.  demands.  If  you  could,  either  by  your  advice  or  other- 

44 


346  APPENDIX. 


wise,  assist  me  in  settling  this  unhappy  affair,  it  would  give  me  extreme  satisfaction ; 
but  not  having  received  a  single  line  in  answer  to  a  number  of  letters,  I  am  greatly 
oppressed  with  melancholy  dejection. 

Far  distant  from  the  pleasing  scenes  of  life, 

From  all  the  joys  which  sacred  friendships  give ; 

Amid  the  sons  of  malice  and  of  strife, 

Where  discord  rages  I  am  doomed  to  live. 

I  cannot  forbear  making  some  severe  reflections  upon  the  conduct  of  the  generous  Mr. 
Hancock  ;  for  when  we  consider  that  upon  Kennebeck  there  are  seven  new  settlements 
beside  Pownalboro',  extremely  poor  and  destitute  of  any  religious  worship,  which 
would  have  gladly  received  his  bounty  ;  when  we  reflect  that  he  has  no  interest  within 
several  miles  of  this  place,  and  that  his  offer  is  received  here  with  general  dislike,  his 
generosity  cannot  proceed  from  a  truly  pious  and  benevolent  principle,  but  from 
malice  to  the  Church  of  England,  and  a  violent  party  spirit  or  opposition  to  Dr. 
Gardiner.  I  am  certain  from  what  already  appears,  that  it  will  throw  us  into  the 
greatest  confusion,  and  promote  a  multitude  of  quarrels.  One  of  their  committee  men 
for  building  their  meeting-house,  who  was  esteemed  the  only  conscientious  dissenter 
among  them,  now  declares  himself  a  churchman  from  principle,  and  lately  told  me 
that  if  they  proceeded,  I  should  be  welcome  to  his  rates. 

April  25th.    Baptized  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  Goud. 

28th.  Mr.  William  Gardiner  put  me  in  possession  of  the  parsonage  house  and  land 
in  Povvnalborough,  by  virtue  of  a  power  from  Major  Goodwin,  in  the  presence  of  Capt. 
Merone,  John  Stain,  Peter  Pochard,  and  Christopher  Jacqueen. 

May  1st.     Married  Capt.  "Ward  and  Alice  Graves. 

2d — Sunday.  80  people  at  church.  Contribution,  17s.  Baptized  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Louis  and  Mary  Houdlette. 

9th — Sunday.    95  people  at  church.    Baptized  Dolly,  Frederick,  and  Betty  Jacqueen. 

16th — Sunday.    90  people  at  church.     Contribution  £4  10s. 

28th.    Mr.  Brackett  arrived  from  abroad. 

3Qth— Sunday.     110  people  at  church.     Contribution  £1  19s.  3d. 

June  3d.     At  court.     Bid  off  at  vendue  Mrs.  Brackett's*  lot. 

6th — Sunday.     100  people  at  church.    Contribution  £2  3s. 

1th.    Mr.  Brackett  returned  home. 

10th.  A  most  severe  and  violent  storm  of  wind  and  rain,  intermingled  with  show 
ers  of  hail,  continues  from  12  at  night  till  near  12  in  the  morning  ;  does  great  damage, 
and  blows  down  an  immense  number  of  trees  and  some  buildings.  Very  cold ;  wind 
S.  E. 

12th.     Baptized  Sarah  Pratt.     Go  up  to  Gardinerstown.     Arrive  at  10  at  night. 

13th — Sunday.  At  Gardinerstown.  104  people  at  church.  Contribution  £8  5s. 
Returned  after  service  and  baptized  Sarah  Warren  and  Molly,  and Parker. 

17th.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  arrives. 

20th—  Sunday.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  preached,  P.  M.     Contribution,  £2  16s. 

22d.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  returns  home. 

27th — Sunday.     105  persons  at  church.    Contribution  for  Mr.  Lewis,  £20  5s. 

3Qth.     On  board  Capt.  Callahan.    Mr.  Hitchins  came  to  board  here. 

July  5th.     Baptized  two  infants. 

7th.    At  Deacon  Chase's.     He  is  moving  up  the  river. 

12th.    Married  George  Stilphen  and  Molly  Ridley. 

July  17th.     At  night  a  prodigious  Aurora. 

2Qth.    Mr.  Gage,  from  London. 

*  Sister  of  Mrs.  Bailey. 


APPENDIX.  347 


21st.  Went  to  Georgetown  with  Mrs.  Bailey.  Baptized  James,  son  to  James  and 
Susanna  Thorn. 

22d.     Returned  from  Georgetown. 

25th — Sunday.     100  people  at  church.     Contribution,  £2  10s. 

27th.     Dr.  Moor  moves  from  Georgetown. 

29th.     At  Dr.  Tupper's  and  Mr.  Eldredge's. 

August  1st — Sunday.  Preached  at  Cobbossee-contee.  160  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  22.  Contribution,  £9. 

4th.    At  home.     Supped  at  Maj.  Goodwin's  with  Dr.  (S.)  Gardiner. 

5th.     Attended  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  dined  with  him  on  Swan  Island. 

6th.    Baptized  Anna  Springer. 

12th.     Baptized  Betty  and  Hannah  Aland. 

22d — Sunday.  In  the  morning  thunder  and  heavy  rain.  34  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  Peter  Pochard ;  Godfathers,  George  Mayer  and  Christopher  Jacqueen  ;  God 
mother,  Houdlette. 

29^ — Sunday.  132  persons  at  church.  Baptized  John  Goodwin ;  Godfather,  Ste 
phen  Marson.  Contribution,  £3  15s. 

30th.    Set  off  for  Boston  in  company  with  Dr.  Tupper.    Lodged  at  Stone's. 

31st.     Lodged  at  Marsh's. 

September  1st.     Lodged  at  Morrell's,  in  Berwick. 

2d.     Lodged  at  Jo.  Brackett's,  in  Newmarket. 

3d.     Arrived  at  Mr.  Badger's,  in  Haverhill. 

4th.    At  Haverhill. 

5th — Sunday.     Preached  at  Almsbury.     Contribution,  £3  4s. 

6th.     Set  out  from  Haverhill.    Lodged  at  Manchester. 

7th.    Reached  Marblehead  at  10,  Boston  8  in  the  evening. 

8th.    At  Convention,  14.    Mrs.  Bailey  arrived  by  water. 

9th.    At  Convention.    Dined  at  Mr.  Troutbeck's. 

10th.     Dined  with  Mrs.  Bailey  at  Dr.  Gardiner's. 

ll^A.     Mrs.  Bailey  went  to  Marblehead. 

12th — Sunday.  Preached  in  Christ  Church,  morning ;  in  King's  Chapel  in  the  even 
ing.  Supped  at  Dr.  Gardiner's. 

13th.    Rode  to  Marblehead. 

14th.    At  Mr.  Weeks's. 

15th.    Visited  Mrs.  Bourn  at  her  country  seat. 

16th.  On  Cat  Island  at  the  raising  of  an  hospital  80  feet  long,  22  feet  wide,  3  sto 
ries.  Present,  80  men.  112  sail  in  sight. 

17th.     At  Salem.    Visited  (Rev.)  Mr.  McGilchrist. 

18th.    At  Mr.  Weeks's  and  Capt.  Webber's. 

19th— Sunday.    Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  stood  for  Mr.  Weeks's  child. 

20*7i.    Set  out  for  home.    Stopped  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Bass's. 

21si.    At  Brackett's,  in  Newmarket. 

22d.    Dined  at  Col.  Chadbourne's.     Lodged  at  Kimball's. 

23d.    Lodged  at  Mitchell's,  North  Yarmouth. 

24th.    Arrived  home  about  7  in  the  evening. 

26th— Sunday.    100  people  at  Church.    Contribution,  10s. 

October  14th.    Married  Caleb  Barker. 

31st— Sunday.     100  persons  at  church.    Contribution,  £1  4s. 

POWNALBOROUGH,  Nov.  1st,  1773. 

Messrs.  Mills  fy  Hicks,  Boston. 

GENTLEMEN  : —  *  *  *  *  I  have  hitherto  employed  much  of  my  leisure  in  writing, 
without  ever  venturing  to  offer  any  of  my  productions  to  the  publick,  and  I  find 


348  APPENDIX. 


among  my  papers,  almost  finished,  a  spelling-book,  upon  a  different  plan  from  any 
hitherto  published.  I  begin  with  lessons  of  one  syllable,  and  then  proceed  to  two, 
three,  &c.  Each  lesson  consists  of  short,  entertaining  stories,  single,  or  dialogues 
suitable  to  the  capacity  of  children,  and  calculated  to  instruct  them  in  some  important 
parts  of  their  duty.  After  a  short  sketch  of  natural  history,  and  a  variety  of  useful 
observations,  I  have  added  a  short  system  of  morals,  with  familiar  examples,  a  com- 
pend  of  geography,  and  a  number  of  curious  tables.  It  may  be  contained  in  ten  or 
twelve  sheets.  If  you  imagine  it  would  be  acceptable  to  the  publick  please  favor  me 
with  a  line  by  Capt.  Callahan. 

POWNALBORO',  Nov.  1st.  1773. 
To  Mrs.  Susanna  Renkin,  Fore  Street.,  near  the  Drawbridge,  Boston. 

MADAM: — We  shall  be  extremely  obliged  if  you  would  get  Mrs.  to  make  six 

yards  of  fringe  for  our  pulpit .    We  have  got  very  handsome  tassels  and  therefore 

shall  not  want  any.  If  you  could  have  it  done  by  next  trip,  I  will  procure  some  per 
son  to  call  upon  you  for  it  with  the  money. 

November  2d.    Married  Samuel  Marson  and  Jenny  Millar. 

14th — Sunday.  SO  persons  at  church.  Contribution,  16s.  Baptized  Francis  Stil- 
phen. 

17th.    Mr.  Gardiner,  Mr.  Hazard,  and  Dr.  Hicks  here. 
25th.    Married  George  Mayer  and  Molly  Houdlette. 

POWNALBORO',  Nov.  26th,  1773. 
To  Messrs.  Mills  and  Hicks,  Boston. 

I  have  been  favored  with  your  letter,  and  have  received  one  of  Bickerstaffs  Alma 
nacks.  They  are  in  so  much  esteem  among  us  as  to  prevent  the  sale  of  any  others. 
I  am  sorry  to  find  the  eastern  road  so  very  incorrect.  Several  good  publick  houses 
are  omitted  and  other  inserted  which  have  no  existence,  besides,  the  distances  are  very 
imperfect.  I  thought  myself  perfectly  qualified  to  give  a  correct  account  of  this 
road,  having  travelled  it  above  thirty  times;  for  this  reason,  and  in  compliance  with 
your  request,  I  sent  you  an  exact  list  of  the  publick  houses,  and  their  distances,  from 
Boston  to  Quebeck,  and,  as  the  road  is  measured,  I  could  not  possibly  be  mistaken  in 
the  latter.  But  since  my  letter  may  have  possibly  miscarried,  I  have  enclosed  another, 
(if  it  arrives  time  enough,)  for  your  Register.  At  the  desire  of  Mr.  Mills  I  have  in 
serted  an  exact  account  of  all  the  religious  societies  in  this  country  according  to  their 
foundation. 

Georgetown,  Emmerson,  Winter;  Pownalboro'  ;  Newcastle,  (P.)  vacant;  Bristol, 
McLane ;  Woolwich,  Winship  ;  Topsham,  (P.)  vacant ;  Bodingham,  vacant ;  Gardi 
ner  ston,  (E.)  vacant ;  Hallowell,  none  ;  Winslow,  none ;  Vassalborough,  none  ;  Win- 
throp,  none;  Boothbay,  Murray  ;  Broadbay,  (L.)  Shefford  ;  St.  Georges,  vacant;  Penob- 
scot,  vacant ;  Machias,  vacant ;  Goldsborough,  vacant. 

I  would  remark  that,  in  the  western  district  of  Pownalborough,  where  I  live,  there 
never  was  any  other  society  except  the  Episcopal,  neither  meeting-house  nor  commu 
nicants  of  any  other  persuasion.  Therefore,  to  insert  a  vacancy  here  would  be  very 
wrong.  In  every  other  settlement  where  there  is  a  meeting-house  raised,  or  a  body 
of  communicants,  but  no  minister,  I  have  put  down  "  vacant,"  but  in  those  towns 
where  there  is  neither  I  thought  it  proper  to  write  "  none." 

30th.    Eight  men  building  a  hovel.* 

December  14tf*.    Married  Mr.  Malbone. 


*  In  the  early  period  of  the  settlement  poverty  prevented  the  erection  of  framed  and  boarded 
barns.  Instead  of  these  four  walls  of  logs  were  raised,  which  were  roofed  often  times  only  with 
bark.  Such  buildings  were  called  "  hovels." 


APPENDIX.  349 

POWNALBORO',  Dec.  18th,  1773. 

To  Mr.  Amos  Bailey,  (at .) 

DEAR  BROTHER  : —  *  *  *  *  We  have  a  man,  one  Carter,  in  jail  for  the 
murder  of  Josiah  Parker.  The  prisoner  has  no  chance  for  his  life.  It  is  very  remark 
able  that  we  have  had  five  or  six  murders  committed  upon  Kennebeck  river  since  my 
residence  here,  and  that  neither  the  murderers  nor  the  persons  killed  ever  frequented 
any  Divine  Worship. 

25th — Christmas.  A  storm  of  wind  and  rain;  snow  all  gone,  and  ice  breaks  up.  30 
persons  at  church.  Dr.  Moor  and  wife,  my  brother  and  wife,  G.  Mayer  and  wife,  and 
Gookin  here  at  dinner. 

At  the  end  of  the  Journal  for  this  year  the  following  names  are  inserted.  Sarah 
Emerson,  Betsey  Nye,  Lazarus  Goud,  Mary  Houdlette,  William  Kendall,  George 
Clensy,  Mrs.  H.  Bailey,  Esther  Kendall,  Betty  Goodwin,  James  Goud,  Molly  Paris, 
Sally  Ridley,  Polly  Lovejoy,  Lydia  Goodwin,  Mrs.  Mary  Houdlette,  Charlotte  Smith. 

1774. 

January  \Wi.    Andrew  buried. 

16th—  Sunday.  50  persons  at  church.  Baptized  Stephen  Nymphas  Twyecross  and 
David  Person  Bailey. 

17th.    Married  Daniel  Dudley  and  Susy  Densmore. 

February  1st.  Set  out  for  a  journey  up  river.  Lodged  at  Mr.  Gardiner's.  Baptized 
William  Gardiner  Warren. 

2d.  At  Esq.  Howard's.  Lodged  at  John  Gatchell's.  At  Mr.  Hoby's,  Petty's,  and 
Fort  Halifax. 

3d.  Accompanied  by  Dr.  McKecknie  five  miles ;  arrived  at  Deacon  Chase's  a  little 
before  dark. 

4th.     Went  up  to  Mr.  Hey  wood's.     Saw  several  Indians. 

5th.    Visited  the  Indians,  Capt.  Out's,  and  several  of  the  new  settlers. 

February  6th — Simday.  40  persons  present.  Baptized  Eliza  Pratt,  Benja.  Noble, 
Priscilla  Emery  and  Joanna  Malbone. 

1th.  Rode  to  Mr.  Petty's.  Baptized  Sarah  Spencer,  Amos  Pochard,  Abigail,  Mary, 
Isaac,  and  Charles  Pechin,  and  Mary  and  Martha  Collar. 

8th.  At  Esq.  Howard's,  Mr.  Gardiner's.  Baptized  Enis,  aged  128  (?)  and  John, 
Thomas,  Polly,  Matthew,  and  Nelly  Gaslin. 

9th.     At  home. 

21st.     Committee  meeting. 

23d.    At  Capt.  Callahan's.     Met  Dr.  Hicks,  from  Boston. 

25th.     Open  Andrew's  grave.     Find  his  body  gone.*    Present,  12  persons. 

March  3d.     Rode  to  Mr.  Gardiner's. 

March  4th.  At  Mr.  Hankerson's  and  Cowen's.  Baptized  Polly  and  James  Cowen. 
Lodged  at  Mr.  Gardiner's. 

5th.    Arrived  home. 

6th — Sunday.    Cloudy,  and  heavy  rain.    70  persons  at  church.    Contribution,  6s. 

April  2d.     Baptized  Thomas  Brian.     Crossed  on  the  ice. 

12th.    Ice  breaks  up  in  the  Kennebeck. 

13th.    At  night.    Bodfish  and  Mercy  Goodwin  come  to  be  married,  but  refused. 

14th — Fast  Day.    30  persons  at  church. 

24th — Sunday.     100  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  16s. 

2Sth.    This  day  Peter  Nephew  and  his  wife  Jenny  ran  away. 

May  7th.    (Rev.)  Mr.  Weeks  and  Mr.  Ward  arrive  here. 

*  A  negro  slave  of  Major  S.  Goodwin.    His  body  was  used  for  the  purposes  of  anatomy. 


350  APPENDIX. 

9th.     On  board  Capt.  Callahan.    Three  vessels  in  the  eddy,  loading  at  Dr.  Moor's. 

llth.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Weeks  sets  off  home. 

13th.    Mrs.  Bailey  delivered  of  a  daughter,  about  8  in  the  morning. 

22d —  Sunday.  100  persons  at  church.  Contribution,  £1,  2,  6.  Baptized  Mary 
Bailey. 

30th.    The  child  dies  about  daylight. 

31st.    The  child  buried  ;  36  persons  at  the  funeral. 

June  IQth.  Mr.  Gardiner's  boy,  Jo,  suddenly  killed.  (Rev.)  Dr.  Shefford*"  and  an 
other  stranger. 

16th.     Baptized  Margaret  Patterson,  daughter  of  P.  Call. 

18th.     Rode  down  to  Georgetown.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Drummond's. 

19/A.  Baptized  Patrick  Drummond,  Mary  Pechlin  (?;,  Hannah  Hallowell  Rogers, 
and  Elija  Williams. 

2Qth.    Rode  home. 

2,5th— Sunday.     120  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  £2,  17,  0. 

July  2ilh — Sunday.  Showers.  Warm  and  muggy  weather.  30  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  James  Carney. 

August  1st.    Baptized  Jane  Nephew. 

10th.     At  Cobbosee-contee. 

29th.    Abroad ;  brought  home  12  sheep. 

September  7th.  Set  off  with  Dr.  Tupper,  for  Boston.  Lodged  at  Stone's.  Insulted 
the  next  morning. 

8th.    Lodged  at  Milliken's.    Ill  treated. 

9th.     Lodged  at  York. 

10th.    Dined  at  Col.  Warner's.    Lodged  at  J.  Weeks'. 

September  llth — Sunday.     Lodged  at  Newbury.    The  country  all  in  commotion. 

12th.    Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

13th.     Reached  Boston  about  sunset. 

14:th.     Convention  Sermon  preached  by  Mr.  Seargent. 

15th.    Dined  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Walter's. 

16tk.    Rode  to  Marblehead. 

17th — Sunday.     Preached  at  Marblehead.     Baptized  3  children. 

18th.    At  Salem. 

19th.     Bound  homeward.    Lodged  at  North-hill. 

20th.     Dined  at  J.  Weeks'.    Lodged  at  York. 

21st.    Lodged  at  Falmouth. 

22d.     Lodged  at  Mrs.  Loring's. 

23d.    Mobbed  at  Brunswick.     Got  home  at  night.    Mr.  Gardiner  at  my  house. 

2Qth.    Abroad.    Fled  from  the  mob.     Lodged  at  George  Mayer's. 

27th.    At  George  Mayer's. 

2S//Z.    Returned  home. 

29th.    Stephen  Marson  buried. 

POWNALBOK.O'.  October  — ,  1774. 

To . 

DEAR  SIB:  —  We  have  been  in  the  greatest  confusion  and  distress  imaginable,  oc 
casioned  by  continual  mobs  and  insurrections.  The  day  before  my  arrival  at  Fal 
mouth,  five  hundred  men  in  arms  had  been  to  visit  Mr.  Tyng,  who  was  mobbed  a  few 
days  before,  at  North  Yarmouth.  The  country  was  in  such  a  violent  commotion,  that 

*  A  Lutheran  minister,  settled,  at  that  time,  at  Broadbay,  now  "Waldoborough.  After  Mr.  Bailey 
left  Powualborough,  Dr.  Shefford  was  sent  for  and  baptized  the  children  of  George  and  M.  J.  Mayer, 
members  of  the  congregation  of  St.  John's  Church. 


APPENDIX.  351 


my  friends  advised  me  not  to  lodge  at  a  publick  house.  The  next  day,  being  Friday, 
Col.  Gushing  returning  home,  was  surrounded  by  twenty-five  men  in  arms  in  the  mid 
dle  of  the  woods.  They  called  him  a Tory,  and  demanded  a  surrender  of  his 

commission.  He  assured  them  that  he  had  taken  none  under  the  present  govern 
ment,  and  after  distributing  money  among  them,  he  was  suffered  to  escape.  The  next 
day,  about  noon,  I  was  stopped  at  Stone's,  in  Brunswick,  and  accused  of  being  a 
Tory,  and  an  enemy  to  my  country.  They  urged  me  to  sign,  and  xipon  my  refusal, 
protested  they  would  visit  me  and  Col.  Gushing  the  following  week.  I  arrived  at 
Powiialboro'  about  dark,  where  I  found  the  people  in  great  consternation.  A  furious 
mob  at  Georgetown  were  running  about  in  search  of  tea,  and  compelling  people,  by 
force  of  arms,  to  sign  the  solemn  league.  Another  was  raging  up  the  river,  within 
twelve  miles.  They  had  already  destroyed  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  tea  for 
Esq.  Hussey,  and  thrown  his  hay  into  the  river.  Mr.  Gardiner  had  fled  from  their 
fury,  and  tarried  with  us  all  night,  expecting  every  moment  to  be  attacked,  as  Love- 
joy  had  already  invited  them  among  us,  and  threatened  the  utmost  vengeance  upon 
me,  Ridley,  Maj  .  Goodwin,  etc.  Mr.  Gardiner  returned  after  service,  but  was  obliged 
to  fly  that  evening,  and  escape  to  Boston.  About  midnight,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  armed  with  guns  and  various  weapons,  surrounded  his  house,  demanded  a  sight 
of  him,  and  insisted  upon  searching  for  tea.  Mr.  Hazard,  a  gentleman  from  Rhode 
Island,  entered  into  a  parley  with  their  leaders,  and  they  firmly  engaged  that  none, 
except  five  chosen  men,  should  enter  into  the  house  ;  but  they  quickly  broke  their 
engagements,  rushed  in,  rifled  the  house,  broke  open  his  desk,  and  perused  his  papers, 
and  after  being  treated  with  several  gallons  of  rum,  they  stole  Mr.  Hazard's  buckles, 
and  then  inquired  for  Mr.  Jones,  the  surveyor.  They  insisted  upon  his  signing  the 
covenant,  upon  which  he  stripped  open  his  bosom,  and  told  them  they  might  stab  him 
to  the  heart,  but  nothing  should  induce  him  to  sign  that  accursed  instrument.  They 
seized  him  with  violence  and  threw  him  headlong  into  the  river,  and  then  dragged  him 
about  till  he  was  almost  torn  to  pieces,  but  all  to  no  purpose.  Thejr  at  length  desisted, 
and,  having  drank  several  gallons  of  rum,  began  to  quarrel,  and  had  a  violent  battle 
among  themselves.  Several  remained  dead  drunk,  and  the  remainder  returned  to 
their  habitations.  The  other  mob  from  Georgetown,  Brunswick,  etc.,  threatened  to 
demolish  the  jail,  and  to  throw  the  town-house  into  the  river,  but  first  they  directed 
their  course  to  Witchcassett,  headed  by  Sam.  Thompson,  the  Brunswick  representa 
tive.  In  their  route,  they  offered  violence  to  several  persons.  Having  compelled  one 
Hobby,  a  store-keeper,  to  sign  the  league,  some  of  them,  offended  at  certain  ex 
pressions  he  let  fall,  returned  and  almost  demolished  him.  They  seized  Capt.  Carle- 
ton,  of  Woolwich,  and,  having  prepared  a  coffin,  commanded  him  to  dig  his  own 
grave ;  but  after  all  their  threatenings,  he  escaped  without  signing  the  covenant. 
They  assaulted  Mr.  Wood  on  Monday  morning,  but  he,  having  nearly  one  hundred 
men,  with  several  pieces  of  cannon,  prepared  for  his  defence,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  keep  at  a  distance.  A  treaty  was  concluded  towards  evening  between  the  parties, 
when  the  libertines  solemnly  engaged  to  make  no  further  attempts  till  the  next  day. 
With  this  assurance  Mr.  Wood  dismissed  his  men,  which  being  known  to  the  assail 
ants,  they  came  in  the  night  and  carried  off  the  cannon,  and  in  the  morning  fired  them 
upon  Mr.  Wood,  without  any  damage,  however.  Mr.  Wood  might  have  easily  dis 
persed  them  after  all,  but  hearing  that  five  hundred  men  were  upon  their  march,  and 
expected  that  a  great  deal  of  blood  must  be  shed,  he  gave  them  a  paper  of  his  own 
drawing  up.  They  then  proceeded  to  visit  Judge  Rice  and  Mr.  Moor,  the  minister, 
who,  after  haranguing  them  to  little  purpose  for  some  time,  were  obliged  to  promise 
a  compliance  with  the  Congress.  On  Tuesday  evening  they  arrived  at  Frankfort, 
(the  Court  sitting.)  I  will  refer  you  to  Mrs.  Bailey's  letter  for  an  account  of  their 
proceedings  here,  and  only  remark,  that  their  rage  was  chiefly  directed  against  Bow 
man,  Maj.  Goodwin,  Ridley,  and  myself,  because,  as  they  alledged,  from  the  instiga- 


352  APPENDIX. 

tion  of  Lovejoy,  that  we  opposed  the  solemn  league.  Their  behavior  was  a  true  mix 
ture  of  comedy  and  tragedy.  Besides  the  mischief  they  did,  near  three  hundred  men 
were  supported  for  a  week  together,  at  the  expense  of  their  neighbors.  We  are  daily 
threatened  with  another  invasion.  Nothing  can  equal  the  false  and  ridiculous  stories 
which  prevail  in  these  parts. 

POWNALBOHO',  November  1st,  1774. 
To  Dr.  S.  Gardiner. 

SIB.  :  —  I  must  entreat  you  to  send  eight  thousand  of  shingle  nails,  if  you  charge 
them  to  my  account,  and  a  thousand  of  ten-penny.  It  is  impossible  to  live  in  this 
house  unless  it  is  covered,  and  the  chamber  over  the  kitchen  finished.  I  have,  at 
present,  only  one  small  room  for  the  family,  and  the  chamber  over  it  for  lodgings,  in 
which  we  are  obliged  to  have  three  beds,  so  that  I  have  no  convenience  at  all  for  study. 
If  you  look  into  my  account,  you  will  find  that  I  was  charged  with  all  the  shingle 
nails  you  sent  two  years  ago,  and,  in  short,  Capt.  Callahan  and  I  have  found  all  the 
nails  for  the  parsonage-house  at  our  own  expense.  I  am  sensible  that  we  cannot  rea 
sonably  expect  anything  further  from  you,  after  what  you  have  already  done,  but 
what  can  I  do  ?  Both  the  church  and  house  are  considerably  indebted  to  me,  and  I 
must  either  suffer  or  expend  more. 

November  10th.    "Went  to  Georgetown.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Butler's. 

llth.  Baptized  Catherine  and  Thomas  Percy,  Hannah  Porterfield,  Sarah  and  James 
Todd,  Perkins,  (?)  Eleanor  and  Thomas  Hogan,  Jane  Stevens,  Elizabeth  and  Rebecca 
Snelling  Malcom,  and  William  Mahars  (?). 

December  ISth — Sunday.     15  persons  at  church.    Whiting  preached  at  Frankfort. 

March  2lst.     Married  Hobert  Rogers  and  Jane  Grace.     Baptized Darling, 

Samuel  Meins  and  James  Ward. 

April  9th — Sunday.    50  persons  at  church.    Baptized  Peter  Pochard. 

10th.    Baptized  Sarah  McGown. 

IQth — Sunday.     70  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  6s. 

2£th.     Assaulted  by  a  number  of  ruffians.     The  news  arrives  of  Col.  Percy's  defeat. 

25th.    News  of  the  battle  of  Concord  sets  the  people  into  a  great  ferment. 

26th.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Weeks  and  family  arrive. 

27th.  A  great  uproar,  to  prevent  Mr.  Weeks  from  landing  his  goods.  The  Com 
mittee  grant  leave. 

29th.    The  people  still  in  commotion.    No  work  done  this  week. 

30th—  Sunday.    80  persons  at  church.    Contribution,  12s. 

May  3d.    The  Committee  meet  at  Frankfort. 

5th.    At  Dr.  Moor's,  at  Richmond. 

June  2Qth.    Mr.  Weeks  and  Mrs.  Dixey. 

[Journal  missing  for  July  and  August  of  this  year.] 

September  1st.    Mr.  Weeks  sets  off  for  Britain. 

16th.     Married  Capt.  Hubbs  and  Dorcas  Wilson. 

October  2d.     Baptized  Margaret  Costello. 

6th.    Mr.  Weeks  goes  on  his  journey. 

13th.     Set  off  for  Falmouth. 

Hth.    Arrived  at  Falmouth. 

15th— Sunday.     Baptized  Charles  Hemmingway  and Thurlo. 

IGth.  A  fleet  of  6  sail  come  into  the  harbor.  Capt.  Mowat  declares  the  destruction 
of  Falmouth. 

ISth.    Falmouth  laid  in  ashes. 

2,Qth — Sunday.    45  persons  at  church.    Baptized  A.  Ridley. 

November  5th— Sunday.    44  persons  at  church.      Mr.  Weeks  arrives  in  the  evening. 

22d.    Mr.  Bernard  here. 


APPENDIX.  353 

23d.    Married  Thomas  Densmore  and  Susannah  Whitmore,  at  Bodingham. 

2£th.     Baptized  Sarah  Bounds  Grossman. 

December  Wlh.    Married  William  Len  (?)  and  Hannah  Kingslin  (?). 

1776. 

January  llth.    Mr.  Weeks'  family  remove. 

30/A.    Mr.  Weeks  sets  out  for  the  West. 

February  6th.  Married  Moses  Dudley  and  Apphia  Sleeper  (?).  Baptized  David 
Huntoon. 

April  ISth.     Married  Edmund  Doharty  and  Mary  Haley. 

23d.     Married  John  Welch  and  Eliza  Baker. 

24:lh.  Baptized  Elizabeth,  Hannah  and  Olivia  Baker,  adults ;  Lorana  McGregor 
and  Jane  Grace  Ward. 

27th.     Mr.  Weeks  goes  Westward. 

May  17th — Continental  Fast.     35  persons  at  church. 

24'£.     Examined  before  the  Committee. 

26th — Sunday.     52  persons  at  church.     Baptized  Simeon  Lawrence. 

2Qth.     Laid  under  bonds  at  Bridge's. 

June  4//j.     Baptized  Jonathan  Tousier  (?). 

6J!A.     Mr.  Weeks  embarks. 

July  7th.     Baptized  Sarah  and  J.  Dickson  Parks,  at  Richmond. 

28th — Sunday.  59  persons  at  church.  Baptized  John  Goud,  John  Carlo,  Lazarus 
Goud,  and  Margaret  Carlo. 

August  5th.     Baptized  Rebecca  Preble. 

6th.    Rode  with  Mrs.  Bailey  to  Mr.  Butler's,  Georgetown. 

7th.     At  Mr.  T.  Percy's. 

8th.  Baptized  Gilmore  Percy,  for  Thomas  Rogers  (?)  ;  Hannah,  for  Anna  Rogers  ; 
Samuel,  for  Robert  Thomas  ;  at  Mr.  Drummond's  and  Williams'. 

9th.     Rode  home. 

llth— Sunday.    Forbidden  to  pray  for  the  King.     Only  delivered  a  sermon. 

17th.     Set  off  for  the  West.     Lodged  at  Frost's. 

18th.     Dined  at  Capt.  Pote's.     Lodged  at  Dr.  Coffin's. 

IQih.  Dined  at  Capt.  Pote's.  Baptized  Jeremiah  Pote  Wier.  Lodged  at  Mr. 
Lyde's. 

20«A.    Tarried  at  Mr.  Lyde's.     Dr.  Coffin,  T.  Oxnard. 

21st.     Capt.  Mehitabel  (?)  Oxnard.     Lodged  at  Cole's,  at  Wells. 

22d.     Dined  at  Col.  Warner's.     Lodged  at  J.  Weeks'. 

23d.     Dined  at  uncle  John's.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Bass's. 

2-ith.     Dined  at  Rowley.    Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

2oth.     Preached.     Attended  a  funeral. 

2Sth.    At  Salem,  at  Mr.  McGilchrist's. 

September  1st — Sunday.     Preached. 

2d.     Set  off  on  my  journey.     Lodged  at  Rowley. 

od.     Tarried  at  Rowley  and  Newbury. 

4t/i.     Lodged  at  Greenland. 

5th.    Lodged  at  Cole's. 

6th.    Arrived  at  Mr.  Lyde's. 

7th.    At  Mr.  Lyde's. 

8th.    Baptized  6  children.    First  heard  the  news  of  the  defeat  of  the  American  army. 

9//t.    Yisited  several  places.    Arrived  at  Mitchell's. 

IGth.    Arrived  home.    Visited  Georgetown.    Baptized  11  children. 

45 


354  APPENDIX. 

October  3d.    Married  Mr.  Thomas  Johnson  to  Abigail  Goodwin.* 
2S£/i,  23th.     Before  the  Committee  for  not  reading  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
for  praying  for  the  king,  and  for  preaching  a  seditious  sermon. 

December  1st — Sunday.     50  persons  at  church.    Published  3  couples. 

2d.     Lodged  at  Weston's. 

3d.     Lodged  at  J.  Treble's. 

4th.    At  Mr.  Carletoii's.     Baptized  John  Thorn. 

5th.    At  home. 

6th.     Baptized,  at  Mr.  Haley's,  Hannah  Doharty. 

10/ft.     Mr.  Johnson  buried. 

I5lh — Sunday.     15  persons  at  church.     Baptized  James  Houdlette. 

YJth.     Mr.  Gardiner  arrives  from  Boston. 

[The  Journal  for  1777  is  missing.] 

1778. 

January  1st.  At  George  Mayer's.  News  comes  that  "Washington  kills  and  takes 
1600  regulars. 

2d.     At  Mrs.  Jacqueen's  and  Mrs.  Kendall's. 

4th — Sunday.     Baptized  Peter,  son  of  George  Pochard. 

8th.     Rode  to  Mr.  Richard  Turner's.     Found  his  son  Thomas  sick  of  a  fever. 

9th.  Baptized  Mark  Silvester  and  Mary,  children  of  James  and  Rachel  Turner. 
Returned  home  same  day. 

ll//j — Sunday.    25  persons  at  church. 

I4fh.     At  home.     Mrs.  Kendall,  Mrs.  Call  and  Mr.  Jacqueen  here. 

February  Id.  Travelled  with  Dr.  Mayer  to  Broadbay.  Lodged  at  (Rev.)  Dr.  (Mar 
tin)  Shefford's. 

3d.     At  Mr.  Palmer's  at  Bristol. 

4th.  AtCapt.  Vinal's,  Mr.  Cremor's,  Sprague's,  Young's,  and  Rhode's.  Baptized 
Benjamin  and  Esther  Palmer,  David,  Alice  and  Deborah  Vinal,  and Young. 

5//J.     A  snow  storm  six  inches.    Attempted  to  return  home  but  forced  to  turn  back. 

5th.     Returned  home. 

10th.    At  Carlo's  and  Johnson's.     Baptized  Hannah  Turner. 

17th.     Rode  up  with  my  brother  and  his  wife  to  Mr.  Cowen's. 

IS/A.     Went  to  Winthrop.     At  Mr.  Whittier's  and  Stain's. 

19lh.     At  Mr.  Waugh's.    Baptized  George  Waugh.     Returned  to  Mr.  Cowen's. 

20M.    Returned  home. 

21th.     (Rev.)  Dr.  (M.)  Shefford,  Mr.  Ridley  and  Mr.  Uperhind  here. 

2Sth.     Dr.  Moor,  Dr.  Mayer,  a  Prussian  Doctor  and  Mr.  Carlo  here. 

March  12th.     Baptized  Edward  Lawrence. 

28th.     Baptized  William  Carney. 

April  7th.     Mr.  Nath'l  Gardiner  arrives  and  Mr.  Thomas. 

19//i — Easter  Day.    50  persons  at  church,  15  communicants. 

20*/i.     Chose  the  same  (Church)  officers. 

2Glh — Sunday.     56  persons  at  church. 

[Journals  from  June  1st  to  July  18th  missing.] 

July  19th.  [Mr.  Bailey  had  started  for  Boston.]  *  *  *  I  had  now  an  opportu 
nity  of  hearing  from  my  family,  and  perceived  that  they  had  obtained  a  little  present 
relief.  The  wind  blowing  in  dirty  squalls  from  the  S.  W.,  Capt.  Hatch  sailed  back 
again  to  Parker's  flats,f  where  we  took  a  breakfast  together,  after  which  I  went  with 

*  Daughter  of  Maj.  S.  Goodwin.  t  Just  inside  the  mouth  of  Kennebec  river. 


APPENDIX.  355 

the  two  Gardiner's,  Mrs.  Hatch  and  Mrs.  Gardiner  as  far  as  Mr.  Butler's.  This  gen 
tleman  and  his  family  treated  me  with  great  attention  and  advised  me  by  no  means  to 
leave  the  country  as  it  would  gratify  my  persecutors,  whose  principal  design  was  to 
expel  the  service  of  the  Church  from  the  regions  of  Kennebeck.  After  dining  I  at 
tended  Capt.  Drummond  to  his  house,  and  baptized  three  children,  one  for  Thomas 
Rogers,  one  for  Robert,  and  another  for  Mr.  Butler's  servant.  We  had  here  a  good 
entertainment.  My  friends  sent  on  board  several  articles  of  provision,  viz.,  a  large 
quarter  of  Teal,  two  cheeses,  a  smoked  salmon,  a  pound  of  coffee,  &c.  In  the  even 
ing  I  returned  on  board.  Capt.  Vinal  arrived  from  Boston,  and  brought  intelligence 
that  a  French  fleet  had  arrived  to  assist  the  Americans. 

23z!A.  This  morning  we  beat  out  to  sea  Some  of  our  company  sick,  especially 
Polly  Morton.  About  sunset  we  were  not  more  than  four  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Kennebeck.  Spoke  with  sereral  vessels,  and  heard  all  day  a  heaty  firing  at  Fal- 
mouth.  Towards  morning, 

21st,  a  breeze  from  the  north  east,  and  a  fine  clear  day.  "We  arrived  off  Cape  Ann. 
about  dark.  We  had  an  opportunity  of  taking  several  mackerel,  the  first  I  had  ever 
seen  drawn  from  the  water. 

22d.  Came  to  anchor  just  by  Nix's  Mate,  in  Broad  Sound,  in  the  forenoon.  Saw 
the  Warren  under  sail,  going  out.  About  three  o'clock,  the  wind  and  tide  favouring, 
we  sailed  up  to  the  Long  Wharf.  near  a  guard-ship,  the  sight  of  those 

disasters  which  war  and  rebellion  had  rendered able  gare  me  a  prodigious  shock. 

They  appeared  cond with  rage,  and  exhibited  countenances  full  of  dejection  and 

melancholy.    What  an  affecting  consideration  that  such  a  multitude  of  active  and 

sprightly  men  should  labour  under  oppression  and  confinement,  should  be ed  with 

vermin  and  disease  to  gratify  the  boundless  avarice  and  ambition  of  an  impious  fac 
tion  \  Being  wholly  ignorant  of  the  situation  of  the  town,  and  fearing  that  the  small 
pox  might  still  prevail,  I  sent  Dr.  Mayer  with  a  message  to  (Rev.)  Mr.  Parker.  He 
presently  returned  with  an  invitation  from  that  worthy  gentleman,  and  a  report  that 
little  danger  was  to  be  apprehended  from  the  smallpox.  About  sunset  I  equipped 
myself  and  left  the  sloop  under  uncommon  dejection  o£  spirit.  I  was,  however,  re 
ceived  by  Mr.  Parker  and  his  lady  with  the  highest  tokens  of  tenderness  and  friend 
ship.  They  gave  a  very  discouraging  detail  of  publick  affairs ;  informed  me  that  a 
large  French  fleet  had  certainly  arrived ;  that  no  armament  had  come  this  season 
from  Britain;  and  that  it  was  apprehended  that  the  Americans  and  French,  with 
their  united  efforts,  would  be  able  to  expel  the  forces  of  the  Crown  from  the  Con 
tinent.  This  intelligence  excited  a  train  of  the  most  disagreeable  sensations,  and 
took  away  the  pleasure  I  was  about  to  receive  from  the  society  and  conversation  of 
my  friends. 

23d.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  118.  It  con 
tinues  :]  Dined  at  Mrs.  Domett's,  where  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  Mrs.  Coffin, 
and  of  hearing  from  my  Falmouth  friends.  We  spent  the  season  as  agreeably  as  the 
situation  of  publick  affairs  and  our  own  circumstances  would  permit.  After  dinner  re 
ceived  an  invitation  to  tea  from  Mrs.  Sheaf,  where  we  found  eleven  ladies  and  six  or 
seven  gentlemen,  some  of  them  Whigs,  but  of  a  generous  way  of  thinking ;  in  particu 
lar  Col.  Trumbull,  son  to  the  Governor,  censured  very  freely  some  of  the  most  popu 
lar  measures,  and  reflected  both  upon  the  Congress  and  newspapers.  From  these 
gentlemen  I  first  learned  that  the  Provincials  had  gained  no  victory  over  General 
Clinton,  but  were  rather  worsted  in  that  famous  conflict.  After  tea  Mrs.  Peggy  Sheaf, 
an  agreeable  young  lady,  gave  us  several  tunes  upon  the  guitar,  accompanied  with 
.  During  this  interval  I  had  an  opportunity  of  acquainting  Mrs.  Sheaf,  one  of 
the  ladies,  with  my  situation,  and  when  we  came  to  supper  I  perceived  that  most  of 
the  company  knew  something  of  my  affairs,  by  certain  questions  about  my  persecu- 


356  APPENDIX. 

tors,  and  a  compassionate  attention  to  my  concerns.     The  Whigs  having  withdrawn, 
the  rest  of  the  company  sat  till  near  twelve,  and  were  very  sociable  and  merry. 

21th.  Took  a  breakfast  about  eight  with  Polly  Morton  and  Capt.  Hatch,  when  I  was 
entertained  with  several  secret  and  curious  anecdotes.  Visited  Mrs.  Dixy  in  the 
morning,  and  called  on  my  way  upon  Mrs.  Domett.  One  Lewis,  master  of  the  Ports 
mouth,  arrires  from  New  York,  and  gives  intelligence  that  Lord  Howe  had  arrived 
with  some  twelve  ships  of  the  line  and  twenty  frigates.  The  report  in  town  before  was, 
that  he  had  only  three  ships  of  the  line  and  four  or  five  frigates.  It  was  reported  at  noon 
that  a  number  of  troops  had  arrived  at  Newport.  Dined  at  Mr.  Parker's,  in  company 
with  Mr.  Warner.  Drank  tea  at  Mr.  Haskin's,  and  supped  at  the  same  place.  This 
gentleman  observed  that  the  conduct  of  the  Congress  in  applying  to  France  for  assist 
ance,  was  similar  to  the  application  of  Saul  to  the  Witch  of  Endor. 

2-')lh.  After  calling  upon  several  friends  in  the  morning  dined  at  Mr.  Warner's, 
where,  besides  Mr.  Parker  and  lady,  we  had  in  company  one  Capt.  Dayis,  a  merchant. 
The  news  said  to  come  express  from  Gen'l  Sullivan  is,  that  a  large  number  of  troops 
had  arrived  at  Newport,  and  on  the  other  hand,  that  the  French  fleet  had  taken  five 
British  men  of  war,  which  afterwards  proved  to  be  a  false  rumor.  The  Whigs  soon 
acknowledged  that  only  one  frigate  was  taken,  and  this  our  and  at 

length  to  be  in  the  harbour  of  New  York  and  spent  the  evening  at 

Mr.  Parker's,  in  very  agreeable  conversation. 

IQth.  This  day  being  Sunday,  performed  Divine  Service  in  the  morning  and  preach 
ed  in  the  afternoon.  The  weather  being  exceedingly  hot  I  was  greatly  fatigued. 
Spent  the  evening  at  Mr.  Domett's,  in  company  with  Mr.  Abrahams.  The  situation 
of  political  affairs  was  still  so  gloomy  that  we  had  full  employment  to  keep  each 
others'  spirits  from  sinking,  and  to  take  encouragement  that  some  happier  prospects 
might  soon  arise.  The  Whigs  were  now  so  extremely  high,  and  so  very  sanguine  in 
their  expectations  of  victory  and  success,  that  my  friends  assured  me  there  were  little 
or  no  hopes  of  having  any  petition  regarded  by  the  Council  in  case  I  should  make  ap 
plication. 

21th.  This  day  dined  at  Mrs.  Dixy's,  in  company  with  a  young  gentleman  from 
Virginia,  who  was  employed  in  one  of  the  Continental  stores  as  a  writer.  After  giv 
ing  us  several  pieces  of  intelligence,  he  declared  that  he  hoped  and  wished  that  the 
French  fleet  would  have  a  d— 1  of  a  drubbing  by  the  Britons.  Towards  evening  called 
upon  Mr.  Haskins,  according  to  agreement.  He  gave  me  fifteen  dollps,  and  then 
accompanied  me  to  Mr.  Inman's,  (  ?  )  where  we  were  cordially  received  by  that  hos 
pitable  and  generous  couple.  We  were  joined  at  supper  by  Mrs.  Coffin  and  her 
daughter  Polly.  Both  the  mother  and  daughter  appeared  very  modest,  sensible  and 
engaging.  I  was  introduced  to  these  ladies  by  Mrs.  Inman  and  Mr.  Haskins  as  a 
distressed  brother,  and  1  quickly  perceived  that  Mrs.  Coffin  had  her  husband  (Mr. 
William  Coffin)  and  two  or  three  sons  in  the  British  service,  at  New  York.  We 
heard  this  evening  a  rumor  that  a  British  fleet  had  arrived  or  were  near  the  coast  of 
America.  This  was  some  refreshment  to  our  dejected  spirits.  About  eleven  the 
company  brake  up,  and  Mr.  Haskins  and  I  waited  upon  the  two  ladies  home. 

2Stlt.  '  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  119.]  Spent 
the  afternoon  and  evening  abroad;  express  coming  in  daily  with  news,  reports  that 
six  of  the  Cork  fleet  are  taken  by  the  French,  and  the  Whigs  are  now  elevated  above 
measure,  as  an  expedition  is  going  on  with  the  utmost  rapidity  against  Newport. 
It  is  confidently  promised  that  llhode  Island,  New  York,  and  Nova  Scotia,  will  be 
subdued  to  the  American  States  before  the  conclusion  of  the  present  campaign. 

29th.     [The  entry  under  this  date  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  119.] 
30*A.    This  morning  after  breakfast  went  the  interest  of  several  gen 

tlemen  belonging  to  the  Council.  I  waited  upon  was  Mr.  Wendell,  who  was 

a  contemporary  at  College.    This  gentleman,  though  he  and  importance  of 


APPENDIX.  ;357 

his  office  with  every  display  of  mildness  and  benevolence.     He  readily 

to  compassionate  my  situation  me  all  the  assistance  in  his  power.  He 

asked  me  whether  I  had  no  other  difficulties  to  contend  with  besides  poverty  ?  I  replied 
by  requesting  him  to  suggest  the  nature  of  those  difficulties  he  conceived  me  to 
labour  under.  He  answered  me  that  he  imagined  I  must  be  troubled  with  some  ill 
natured,  ignorant,  committee-man,  or  rigid  magistrates,  who  took  advantage  of  the 
times  to  distress  me.  I  assured  him  that  his  conjectures  were  perfectly  right,  for  in 
all  political  commotions  the  spirit  of  assault  and  compulsion  was  always  fierce,  savage, 
and  cruel,  in  proportion  to  its  distance  from  the  centre,  and  had  constantly  observed 
that  in  the  eastern  country,  where  any  difference  or  hostility  subsisted  between  two 
persons,  if  one  of  them  was  appointed  committee-man  the  other  would  be  certainly 
punished  as  a  Tory  before  the  conclusion  of  the  year.  Mr.  Wendell  replied,  "the 
only  inducement  I  had  to  engage  in  these  affairs  was  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  soften 
the  horrors  and  to  relieve  the  distresses  which  must  unavoidably  arise  to  particular 
persons  in  the  present  revolutions."  After  taking  my  leave  of  Mr.  Wendell  I  visited 
Mr.  J.  Pitts,  who  took  me  by  the  hand  and  treated  me  with  attention  and  ceremony, 
but  I  presently  perceived  that  his  advancement  had  rendered  him  more  stiff,  formal 
and  important.  He  was  not  so  familiar  and  easy  as  usual.  However,  after  some  re 
spectful  compliments,  he  promised  to  use  all  his  influence  to  forward  my  petition. 
He  declared,  from  the  knowledge  he  had  of  the  eastern  country,  and  my  connections, 
he  was  fully  convinced  that  my  situation  must  be  very  disagreeable,  and  my  circum 
stances  extremely  distressing.  I  found  in  tlie  course  of  our  conversation  that  he  had 
no  great  opinion  of  Bowman,  and  that  he  was  conscious  that  some  of  our  magistrates 
were  my  enemies  on  account  of  my  former  connections  with  Dr.  Gardiner.  Brigadier 
Preble  was  the  next  counsellor  I  solicited  in  my  affairs.  The  old  gentleman,  upon 
my  application,  suffered  a  little  roughness  and  ferocity  of  his  countenance;  he  de 
clared,  with  an  oath,  that  he  knew  my  situation  to  be  very  distressing,  and  me 
his  interest  in  procuring  the  but  then  says  ha  :  "  You  must  en 
gage  upon  your  word  and  honour  not  to  give  the  enemy  any  intelligence  of  our  expe 
ditions  against  Newport  and  New  York.  I  told  him  in  all  probability  the  state  of 
these  military  operations  would  be  determined  before  I  could  possibly  get  ready  to 
depart.  He  then,  with  a  countenance  replete  with  vengeance  and  fury,  and  in  a  voice 
of  thunder,  swore  a  tremendous  oath,  that  the  reign  of  the  old  villain,  George,  was 
very  short  in  America.  He  soon  returned  to  my  affairs,  and  told  me  in  a  whisper, 
that  if  I"  obtained  leave  to  depart  he  must  entrust  me  with  letters  to  Halifax.  "  You 
know,"  says  he,  "  my  son-in-law,  Tom  Oxnard."  Before  we  parted  he  execrated  Par 
son  Wiswall  in  a  bitter  manner.  After  finishing  this  disagreeable  business  I  dined  at 
Mr.  John  Row's,  who  gave  a  striking  instance  of  the  injustice  and  tyranny  of  Briga 
dier  Preble.  Mr.  Row,  a  few  years  ago,  had  lent  him  a  large  sum,  if  I  remember  right, 
£700  sterling,  to  clear  a  mortgage  on  his  estate,  no  part  of  which  was  ever  paid  until 
the  present  year,  when  the  Brigadier  brought  Mr.  Row  the  same  nominal  sum  in  pa 
per  money  to  discharge  his  debt.  The  latter  made  some  difficulty  of  accepting  it,  as 
it  was  the  seventh  part  of  the  real  value.  The  other  replied  that  he  should  take  the 
money,  or  else  be  proceeded  against  as  a  convicted  Tory  and  a  mortal  enemy  to  his 
country.  This  declaration  quickly  ended  the  whole  dispute.  Mr.  Row  took  the  mo 
ney  and  gave  the  Brigadier  a  full  discharge.  An  express  arrives  that  the  French  fleet 
had  arrived  at  Point  Judith  to  assist  in  the  reduction  of  Rhode  Island.  Drank  tea 
this  evening  in  company  with  Mrs.  Sheaf 

3lst.    Went  in  the  morning  to  the  Court  House 
but  the  President  assured  me  that  he  would  carefully  keep  my  petition,  and  present 


360  APPENDIX. 

and  loaded  with  plunder.  To  suggest  any  difficulty  is  highly  criminal,  and  to  fore 
bode  disappointment  would  be  fatal.  To  see  these  people,  who  had  always  the  great 
est  aversion  to  the  manners,  religion,  and  government  of  the  French,  now  rejoicing 
in  their  alliance  and  exulting  in  their  assistance,  affords  a  most  striking  instance  of 
the  perverseness  of  the  human  heart,  and  displays  beyond  example  the  obstinacy,  the 
madness,  the  folly,  the  perfidy  of  my  countrymen.  Rather  than  yield  to  the  most 
prevailing  convictions  of  reason,  rather  than  comply  with  the  most  sacred  dictates  of 
conscience  and  religion,  I  may  add,  rather  than  be  happy  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
liberties  and  possessions,  they  choose  to  rush  headlong  into  guilt,  misery,  and  ruin, 
and  to  entail  upon  themselves  and  posterity  the  most  ignoble  servitude. 

Qlh.  This  morning,  understanding  that  I  had  made  a  blunder  in  not  dining  at  Mr. 
Inman's,  who  had  given  me  an  invitation  the  preceding  day,  and  that  he  was  highly 
offended  at  my  neglect,  I  waited  upon  him  to  make  the  best  apology  in  my  power.  I 
assured  him  that  I  was  nbt  sensible  that  he  gave  me  any  invitation,  and  that  I  was 
•wholly  ignorant  that  any  company  was  about  to  dine  at  his  house.  His  lady,  a  most 
excellent  woman,  quickly  ended  the  dispute,  and,  when  we  had  taken  a  breakfast,  Mr. 
Inman  insisted  upon  my  returning  to  dine  with  him  this  day.  I  spent  the  forenoon 
at  Mr.  Seargent's  and  Mr.  Turner's,  where  I  heard  from  a  number  of  gentlemen  the 
following  intelligence:  The  captain  of  a  prize  brought  into  Salem  affirmed  that  Lord 
Byron  had  sailed  from  Britain  with  a  fleet  of  twenty-five  capital  ships,  and  that  the 
harbour  of  Brest  was  blocked  up  with  thirty-two  ships  of  the  line  under  the  command 
of  Admiral  Hervey,  Earl  of  Bristol.  Present  at  dinner,  besides  Mr.  Inman  and  wife, 
Nancy  Seargent  and  Betsey  Murray,  daughter  to  Col.  Murray,  one  of  the  Mandamus 
Counsellors,  who  fled  the  country.  After  dinner  I  waited  upon  Dr.  Lloyd  :  saw  there 
a  young  gentleman  from  Gen.  Sullivan,  who  informed  us  that  the  attack  was  to  be 
made  upon  Rhode  Island  immediately.  The  Dr.,  at  parting,  gave  me  nine  dollars. 
From  hence  I  repaired  to  Mr.  Parker's,  where  I  found  that  my  old  friend,  Mr.  William 
Gardiner,  had  arrived  from  Concord,  and  had  been  twice  to  enquire  for  me.  I  went 
directly  to  his  lodgings,  but  to  my  great  disappointment  I  found  him  absent.  I  how 
ever  met  him  presently  after  in  the  street.  We  went  back  to  Mr.  Parker's,  where  we 
drank  tea,  and  then  took  a  walk  into  the  garden.  After  spending  the  evening  to 
gether  we  agreed  to  meet  each  other  the  next  morning  about  eleven  at  Mr.  Domett's. 

7th.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  120.]  Mr. 
Gardiner  soon  came  in,  and  Mrs.  Domett  engaged  us  to  dine  with  them.  Before  din 
ner  we  went  on  board  Smith  and  visited  Capt.  Hatch,  and  our  return  found  Mrs. 
Coffin,  and  had  a  very  sociable  entertainment.  Mr.  Gardiner  and  I  waited  upon  Dr. 
Byles  and  drank  tea  with  him,  his  daughters,  and  other  young  ladies.  The  Dr.  was 
in  high  spirits,  and  rather  more  diverting  than  usual.  We  spent  the  evening  to 
gether,  when  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Gardiner.  *  *  *  #  Mr.  Gardiner  assured  me, 
upon  very  good  authority,  that  every  person  in  Canada  who  suffered  by  the  ravages 
of  the  American  rebels,  had  their  losses  fully  made  up,  and  that  the  whole  amounted 
to  £170,000  sterling. 

8th.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  120.]  *  * 
After  which  I  returned  her,  (Mrs.  Domett,)  a  visit  of  thanks,  and  took  my  leave  of 
that  generous  lady  and  her  daughters.  *  -*  *  *  Having  put  my  things  on  board 
the  vessel,  dined  at  Mr.  Parker's,  called  upon  several  friends,  drank  tea  with  Mrs. 
Domett,  and  parted  with  Mrs.  Coffin  and  that  excellent  couple  whom  I  shall  always 
esteem  with  the  sincerest  affection.  About  ten  Dr.  Mayer  and  I  took  our  leave  and 
embarked  on  board  Capt.  Smith.  The  weather  was  now  extremely  hot,  with  a  gentle 
breeze  of  S.  W.  wind.  We  had  two  female  passengers  on  board,  and  about  11  o'clock 
got  under  sail. 

9th.  The  next  morning  about  sunrise,  near  Thatcher's  Island,  just  as  we  were  com 
ing  round  the  Cape,  discovered  a  very  large  ship.  Her  guns  were  carefully  concealed, 


APPENDIX.  361 

and  she  let  us  pass  without  notice.  Soon  after  we  observed  a  very  strong  current  set 
ting  to  the  westward ;  a  short  calm  ensued,  when  the  wind  sprang  up  about  east. 
About  noon  the  clouds  began  to  gather  thick  from  every  quarter,  and  the  distant 
thunder  uttered  its  voice.  When  we  were  miles  to  the  south  of  the  Shoal  Islands,  it 
being  between  3  and  4  o'clock,  the  clouds  were  exceedingly  black  and  heavy  from  the 
N.  E.  around  to  the  S.  E.,  the  lightnings  streamed  dreadfully  in  various  directions, 
and  the  bursting  thunders  roared  aloud.  At  length  the  tempest  burst  upon  us.  A 
squall  struck  us  from  the  W.  N.  W.,  which  in  a  few  minutes  veered  into  the  E.  S.  E. 
The  darkness,  thunder  and  rain  continued  with  uncommon  severity  till  we  opened 
Portsmouth  harbour,  a  little  before  sunset,  when  the  clouds  began  to  disperse,  and 
we  came  to  an  anchor  a  little  below  the  light-house,  where  we  lay  rolling  and  tumbling 
all  night,  and  our  female  passengers  were  in  consequence  very  sick. 

IQth.  When  the  tide  served  in  the  morning  we  came  to  anchor  in  Pepperell's  Cove, 
at  Kittery,  the  wind  being  E.  N.  E.  About  10  o'clock  the  captain  set  the  two  women 
on  shore ;  we  then  proceeded  in  the  boat  to  Newcastle,  where,  upon  enquiring  for  Mr. 
Chase,*  I  found  that  he  had  died  six  months  before.  His  son,  Stephen,  was  gone  to 
Portsmouth,  as  well  as  his  daughter.  After  rambling  near  two  hours  about  the  Island 
returned  on  board.  In  our  passage  we  approached  a  large  brig  under  sail,  on  board 
of  which  I  saw  Mr.  Spole,  with  my  friend  Jenny  Sheaf,  from  Martinico.  Having 
dined  I  went  on  shore  to  visit  Mr.  Stevens,  the  minister  on  Kittery  Point.  I  here 
met  with  civil  treatment,  found  him  a  modest,  sensible  man,  rather  on  the  side  of  the 
British  government,  and  his  daughter  a  well  accomplished  and  agreeable  young  lady. 
Being  invited  I  tarried  till  the  next  morning. 

llth.  The  wind  continuing  nearly  in  the  same  quarter  I  went  on  board  after  break 
fast,  and  went  with  the  Captain  and  Dr.  Mayer  to  Portsmouth,  where  I  met  with 
great  pleasure  several  of  my  friends,  as  Mr.  Haven's  family,  Mrs.  Clapham,  Mrs.  Fra- 
zer,  and  Mr.  Whipple  and  lady.  Dined  at  Mr.  Whipple's.  I  perceived  that  his  lady 
was  greatly  discouraged  at  the  appearance  of  publick  affairs.  I  was  able,  however,  by 
several  anecdotes,  to  revive  her  spirits.  After  dinner  I  returned  to  Mr.  Haven's, 
where  I  spent  an  hour  very  agreeably.  Capt.  Smith,  being  obliged  to  go  on  board,  I 
left  the  town  with  regret,  but  the  wind  continuing  to  blow  from  the  N.  E.,  with  clouds 
and  fog,  I  was  permitted  to  revisit  Mr.  Stevens.  I  found  that  he  was  gone  to  Ports 
mouth.  He  returned,  however,  after  tea.  [Part  of  this  day's  Journal  is  inserted  in 
the  Memoir,  p.  121.]  The  company  were  so  agreeable  to  each  other  that  they  never 
went  to  repose  till  after  twelve. 

12th.  This  morning  the  weather  was  boisterous,  and  the  wind  blowing  hard  from  the 
N.  E.  and  great  appearances  of  a  storm.  After  breakfast  went  on  board;  so  windy 
that  we  could  not,  as  we  intended,  visit  Portsmouth.  Towards  evening  landed,  in 
company  with  Capt.-Crandall,  at  Pepperell's  Wharf,  and  spent  several  hours  in  walk 
ing  about  the  neighbourhood.  The  ruins  of  Sir  William's  fine  estate  induced  us  to  re 
flect  upon  the  instability  of  human  affairs.  A  few  years  occasion  prodigious  altera 
tions,  especially  in  such  seasons  of  plunder  and  depredation.  The  house,  which  be 
longed  to  Andrew  Pepperell  Sparhawk— a  stately  edifice— has  lately  been  reduced  to 
almost  a  heap  of  ruins,  for  no  other  reason  but  because  the  owner  is  in  Britain.  We 
saw  in  the  dock  a  fine  little  schooner  from  the  eastward  with  a  family  on  board.'  The 
master  informed  us  that  Capt.  Callahan,  having  taken  from  him  a  sloop  of  ninety 
tons,  made  him  a  present  of  that  schooner,  though  greatly  opposed  by  the  Captain 
of  Marines.  This  vessel,  armed,  had  taken  three  sloops.  About  nine  in  the  evening 
the  weather  began  to  roughen,  the  clouds  to  gather  from  every  quarter,  and  the  in 
creasing  winds  to  agitate  the  waters. 

13th.    This  morning,  as  soon  as  daylight  appeared,  we  had  a  most  violent  storm  at 

*  Kev.  Stephen  Chase,  uncle  to  Mrs.  Bailey.    See  Note  F.,  p.  258. 

46 


362  APPENDIX. 

N.  E.,  attended  with  large  quantities  of  rain.  It  continued  without  intermission  till 
near  snnset,  during  which  the  water  was  in  violent  agitation,  and  we  thought  our 
selves  unsafe  with  two  anchors  at  her  bow.  One  sloop  was  stove  in  pieces  at  the  be 
ginning  of  this  tempest,  and  a  schooner,  attempting  to  recover  by  the  light-house 
point,  lost  her  anchor,  had  her  jib  carried  away,  and  was  finally  bilged  against  the 
rocks.  Another  sloop,  commanded  by  Joseph  Decker,  rode  out  the  storm  just  within 
the  southernmost  point  of  Piscataqua  harbour,  expecting  every  moment  either  to  go 
on  shore,  or  to  be  swallowed  up  by  the  waves.  The  violence  of  the  tempest  abated, 
however,  very  fast  in  the  evening.  We  had  an  uncomfortable  situation  on  board, 
being  closely  confined  to  a  nasty  cabin,  while  the  vessel  kept  incessantly  rolling  and 
tumbling,  especially  in  the  night,  to  such  a  degree  that  we  could  hardly  lay  in  our 
cabins. 

Uth.  A  fine  morning  after  the  storm,  but  the  wind  still  continues  to  breeze  from 
the  east.  After  our  Captain  had  been  to  afford  some  relief  to  his  distressed  brethren, 
I  embarked  for  Portsmouth  on  board  a  large  canoe  with  Mr.  James  Harden  and  his 
brother.  In  our  passage  we  went  on  board  a  privateer  of  ten  carriage  guns,  where  I 
quickly  perceived  a  most  shocking  exhibition  of  confusion  and  profaneness.  The  oaths 
and  execrations  were  horrid  beyond  expression.  I  had  formerly  been  five  or  six  weeks 
on  board  a  British  man-of-war,  where  all  was  order,  piety,  and  politeness,  in  compari 
son  with  what  now  appeared.  We  took  the  gunner  on  board  and  proceeded  to  town. 
When  I  arrived  at  Mr.  Stevens's  I  found  them  at  dinner,  and,  to  my  great  satisfaction, 
Dr.  Coffin,  directly  from  Falmouth.  He  expected  to  meet  his  lady  here  from  Boston 
before  evening.  After  dinner,  and  talking  over  the  news,  we  went  out  together  and 
met  Mr.  J.  Sheaf  at  the  barber's  shop,  when  I  engaged  to  wait  for  this  agreeable  gen 
tleman  at  Mr.  Whipple's.  I  spent  the  afternoon  with  Mr.  Whipple,  his  lady,  Madam 
Wentworth,  Mrs.  Purcel,  and  Mrs.  Clapham.  As  I  was  waiting  upon  Mrs.  Purcel 
home  met  Mr.  Sheaf ;  we  walked  together  and  took  the  tour  of  several  streets.  He 
informed  me  that  he  had  only  twenty-two  days  from  Martinico.  and  that  there  was 
no  appearance  of  war  among  the  French  and  Spaniards.  He  was  perfectly  surprized 
•when  he  heard  that  a  French  fleet  was  upon  the  coast  of  New  England.  Went  this 
afternoon  to  Capt.  Roach  and  his  family.  I  found  here  Mr.  John  Parker,  the  Sheriff, 
brother  to  Parson  Parker,  of  Boston ;  he  made  some  severe  reflections  upon  my  per 
secutors,  in  particular  their  imposing  the  oath  of  abjuration.  When  Mr.  Parker  was 
gone  Mr.  Roach  applied  to  have  his  child  baptized.  I  performed  the  office  in  the  pres 
ence  of  three  ladies,  who  were  here  on  a  visit.  At  parting  Capt.  Roach  gave  me  half 
a  guinea,  and  kindly  offered  to  do  his  part  toward  my  support  during  the  present 
calamitous  times.  After  I  had  parted  with  Mr.  Sheaf  I  went  with  Mrs.  Whipple  to 
Capt.  Turner's,  where  we  found  Mr.  Whipple  arrived  before  us,  and  Mrs.  Pepperell. 
Just  as  we  had  entered  into  sociable  conversation  I  was  called  away  to  baptize  a  child 
for  one  Reed,  a  little  out  of  town.  Here  were  present  a  large  number  of  ladies. 
After  I  had  performed  the  sacred  ordinance  I  returned  to  my  company,  and  about  ten 
I  went  to  Mr.  Staver's,  and  found  Mrs.  Coffin  arrived  from  Boston,  but  she  and  the 
Dr.  were  both  gone  to  bed.  After  supper  spent  an  hour  with  Mrs.  Frazier  and  another 
lady.  The  former  gave  me  a  yard  of  muslin  for  Mrs.  Bailey.  Lodged  at  this  house. 

15th.  This  morning  rose  early  and  waited  for  breakfast  till  Dr.  Coffin,  his  lady,  and 
Miss  Betty  Wier  were  dressed.  Mrs.  Coffin  brought  word  that  the  French  fleet  had  left 
Newport,  and  that  the  Cork  fleet  had  all  arrived  safe  at  New  York,  which  incidents 
gave  uncommon  spirits  to  the  friends  of  government,  who  had  for  a  long  time  been  in 
a  despairing  situation.  Mr.  Harden  being  ready  to  go  on  board  I  was  obliged  to  leave 
this  very  agreeable  company.  When  we  came  to  the  vessel  we  found  the  wind  still 
unfavorable,  which  determined  us  to  return.  I  dined  at  Mr.  Staver's,  waited  upon 
Mr.  Jeffries,  and  drank  tea  at  Mr.  Whipple's,  where  I  learned  from  that  gentleman 
that  one  Mr.  Emerson,  of  York,  had  been  upon  Rhode  Island  to  satisfy  his  curiosity. 


APPENDIX.  363 


He  declared  that  lie  had  been  not  only  in  the  Provincial  army,  but  among  the  inhab 
itants,  who  assured  him  there  were  10,000  British  forces  at  Newport,  the  rebel  army 
between  12,000  and  20,000  strong.  He  confirmed  the  account  of  the  departure  of  the 
French  fleet,  and  added  that  they  sailed  on  Monday  morning  in  pursuit  of  some  Brit 
ish  ships  which  appeared  in  sight  the  evening  before,  and  that  prior  to  this  move 
ment  the  French  had  re-embarked  all  their  land  forces  to  the  number  of  4,500.  "Went 
•with  Mr.  Whipple  to  Mr.  Staver's,  and  found  Griffin  arrived  from  Boston,  who  in 
formed  us  that  the  Whigs  were  greatly  alarmed  at  the  French  Admiral's  conduct ; 
that  the  Salem  volunteers,  in  attempting  to  reconnoitre  the  enemy's  works  had  lost 
ten  of  their  number ;  that  the  late  storm  had  greatly  annoyed  the  Provincial  army, 
as  the  militia  and  volunteers  were  destitute  of  shelter ;  that  the  Royal  forces,  in  case 
the  French  fleet  should  not  return,  intended  to  surround  Rhode  Island ;  and  that 
two  capital  ships  had  lately  arrived  from  Britain.  Our  company  consisted  of  Capt. 
Turner,  Mr.  Jaffrey,  Mr.  Whipple,  Capt.  Hickey,  and  Mr.  Stavers,  besides  Griffin  and 
Davis.  About  10  received  a  note  from  Mr.  Soward  to  baptize  his  child.  At  11  I 
complied  with  his  request,  after  which  I  supped  and  lodged  at  Mr.  Whipple's.  Mr. 
J.  Sheaf  gave  me  six  Ibs.  of  coffee. 

16th.  This,  being  Sunday  morning,  after  having  an  early  breakfast  with  Mr.  Sta 
vers,  returned  on  board.  The  wind  soon  began  to  breeze  E.  and  by  S.,  and  the  tide 
favouring  we  beat  out  to  sea,  and  had  a  most  pleasant  passage  into  Winter  Harbour, 
where  we  came  to  anchor  about  half  past  five  in  the  afternoon.  We  landed  the  two 
Mardens  at  this  place,  but  the  wind  blowing  hard  almost  from  the  S.  E.  our  Captain 
concluded  it  not  prudent  to  proceed.  In  the  night  showers  of  rain.  Another  sloop, 
belonging  to  Broad  Bay,  anchored  near  us  in  this  harbour. 

\lth.  Wind  about  east,  thick  weather,  attended  with  rain  and  fog.  Went  on  shore 
on  Wood  Island.  This  island  is  surrounded  with  a  sharp,  rocky  shore  ;  the  skirts  of 
it  abound  with  gooseberry  bushes  ;  the  situation  of  the  inland  parts  very  low,  and  the 
,soil  exceeding  rich  ;  vegetables  grow  here  to  an  uncommon  size  ;  on  the  north-west  end 
we  observed  the  appearance  of  a  deep  bog.  Having  dined  on  board  we  concluded,  in 
the  afternoon,  to  visit  father  Hussey,  a  Quaker,  who  had  lived  upon  a  large  farm 
to  the  south  of  this  harbour  above  forty  years.  I  was  pleased  with  the  conversation 
of  his  brother,  who  happened  to  be  present  on  a  visit  from  Berwick,  but  I  quickly 
discovered  the  owner  of  the  house  to  be  an  obstinate,  self-conceited,  censorious  bigot. 
We  entered  deeply  into  publick  measures,  and,  though  the  Quakers  loudly  condemned 
the  proceedings  of  the  American  opposition,  yet,  I  strongly  suspect,  they  are  no 
hearty  friends  to  the  British  Constitution.  They  are  unwilling  to  risk  anything  in 
the  reformation  or  subversion  of  any  government,  yet,  I  fancy,  a  republican  form  must 
be  most  agreeable  to  their  inclinations.  The  whole  family  appeared  very  contracted 
and  inhospitable,  not  asking  either  of  us  to  eat  or  drink,  though  they  prepared  an 
afternoon  repast,  and  it  was  with  difficulty  we  obtained  a  drink  of  water.  Showery  in 
the  night,  with  some  lightning. 

18th.  Wind  still  continues  east,  with  a  prodigious  thick  fog.  After  breakfast  went 
on  shore,  first  to  one  Capt.  Hill's,  where  we  met  with  very  indifferent  treatment.  We 
then  crossed  over  a  narrow  channel,  and  visited  one  Fletcher.  The  old  woman  and 
her  two  daughters  were  the  most  hard-favoured  and  disagreeable  of  the  sex  I  ever  be 
held  ;  the  whole  family  were  extremely  rough  and  hoggish  in  their  manners.  The 
old  man  raved  against  Capt.  Callahan,  and  threatened  him  with  hanging.  He  had  a 
daughter  deaf  and  dumb,  and  a  son  blind.  We  tarried  in  this  inhospitable  dwelling. 
The  weather  continuing  the  same  we  went  on  board  without  any  prospect  of  sailing. 
In  the  evening  lightning  and  rain. 

ISlh.  This  day  wet  and  foggy.  In  the  morning,  after  breakfast,  went  on  shore 
and  visited  an  island  to  the  N.  W.,  exceeding  rough  and  uneven.  About  eleven  vis 
ited  the  old  Quaker,  who  treated  us  in  a  very  hoggish  manner,  never  asking  us  to  sit 


364 


APPENDIX. 


down,  and  he  took  four  shillings  lawful  for  one  dozen  of  cucumbers.    In  the  afternoon 
the  fog  began  to  disperse,  and  about  sunset  the  weather  was  perfectly  calm  and  serene. 

August  20th.  This  morning  awoke  about  2  o'clock  and  finding  a  steady  gale  of 
S.  "W.  wind  and  a  clear  sky  alarmed  the  Captain,  and  in  less  than  an  hour  after  we 
got  under  sail.  Before  sunrise  passed  Cape  Elizabeth.  At  9  or  10  entered  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebeck. 

Mr.  T.  Percy  came  on  board  and  informed  us  that  he  and  his  brother  were  obliged 
to  take  the  oath  from  the  complaint  of  Sam.  McCobb.  About  12  we  came  to  anchor 
in  Fiddler's  reach.  Went  on  shore  with  Dr.  Mayer  at  Capt.  Drummond's.  Found 
him  a  violent  son  of  liberty  and  a  friend  to  the  French  alliance.  He  however  treated 
us  with  complaisance  and  invited  us  to  tarry  to  dinner ;  after  which  we  visited  Mr. 
McFaddan  and  Mr.  Preble.  Towards  evening  returned  and  drank  tea  with  Mrs. 
Drummond.  Capt.  Drummond  having  furnished  us  with  a  barge,  we  went  about  sun 
set  in  pursuit  of  the  sloop  and  overtook  her  in  the  gut,  where  we  found  Carleton  ar 
rived  from  Boston.  He  left  that  port  the  evening  before  and  brought  intelligence  that 
the  French  fleet  had  not  yet  returned.  Night  coming  on  and  the  wind  breezing,  my 
Woolwich  friends  advised  me  to  go  home  with  them.  In  consequence  of  this  invita 
tion  I  visited  Mr.  David  Gilmore  and  tarried  with  him  till  the  next  morning.  It  gave 
me  great  satisfaction  to  find  my  friends  in  so  good  spirits  here,  notwithstanding  the 
gloomy  aspect  of  publick  affairs.  I  cannot  forbear  reflecting  upon  the  peculiar  cir 
cumstances  of  our  rulers  at  this  season,  and  I  imagine  they  are  highly  deceived. 
They  are  certainly  ignorant  of  the  prevailing  sentiment  and  discontent  among  the 
people.  They,  in  the  beginning  of  this  revolt,  flattered  the  lower  classes  of  mankind 
and  addressed  them  with  misrepresentations  and  lies,  till  they  inspired  them  with  en 
thusiastic  madness,  and  directed  them,  in  the  frenzy  of  their  zeal,  to  bully,  insult, 
mob  and  plunder  men  of  the  highest  worth,  integrity  and  consequence,  those 
very  persons  whom  they  had  hitherto  approached  with  reverence  and  listened  to  with 
attention,  whose  advice  and  authority  they  had  always  regarded  as  sacred  ;  everything 
was  carried  by  noise,  persecution,  and  violence,  until  the  spirit  of  persecution  began 
to  subside  among  the  common  people  and  moderation  to  take  its  place.  Those  men 
who  had  advanced  themselves  into  the  highest  stations  of  government  during  these 
commotions,  took  it  for  granted  that  they  were  firmly  fixed  in  the  affections  of  the 
rabble,  and  that  they  had  nothing  to  fear  except  a  few  Tories,  which  it  was  their  prin 
cipal  concern  to  suppress.  For  this  purpose  they  enacted  the  most  cruel  and  unrea 
sonable  laws,  putting  it  in  the  power  of  every  ill-natured  and  malicious  man  to  ruin 
his  neighbour.  These  institutions  are  so  severe  that  men  are  afraid  openly  to  com 
plain,  yet  in  secret  they  cannot  forbear  expressing  the  highest  discontent  and  cha 
grin,  and  nothing  is  heard  in  private  corners  except  murmurs  and  complaints,  and 
the  number  of  those  who  delight  in  persecution  is  very  inconsiderable ;  this  sentiment 
is  almost  wholly  confined  to  those  who  can  gratify  their  revenge  by  the  persecution  of 
a  Tory  neighbour,  while  the  remainder  bitterly  execrate  the  authors  and  instruments 
of  the  action.  Now  all  the  uneasiness  and  clamor  which  prevail  abroad  are  closely 
concealed  from  the  legislative  body  which  sets  at  Boston  amid  the  bustle  of  warlike 
preparations  and  the  hurry  of  business.  For  who  would  venture  to  disclose  any  un 
welcome  truth  when  he  is  liable  to  be  punished  for  sedition,  to  be  regarded  as  an  ene 
my  to  his  country,  and  perhaps  to  be  wholly  deprived  of  his  freedom.  Every  one  who 
approaches  the  supreme  authority  by  way  of  petition  for  mercy,  or  request  for  favour, 
makes  it  his  principal  study  to  flatter  and  please.  He  will  not,  in  such  circumstances, 
excite  any  disagreeable  sensations  by  the  mention  of  unwelcome  truths,  but  labour  all 
in  his  power  to  preserve  the  utmost  good  humor,  and  carefully  suppress  every  sugges 
tion  that  may  tend  to  censure  or  reprehend  the  government  to  which  he  applies. 

2lst.    This  morning  rose  early  and  visited  Mr.  William  Gilmore.    After  breakfast 
baptized,  before  a  large  number  of  people,  a  child  for  Capt.  Fullertoli ;  then  calling 


APPENDIX.  365 

upon  Capt.  Smith  we  went  on  board  and  took  our  things  in  order  to  proceed  home 
ward,  but  the  wind  quickly  began  to  breeze  from  the  north,  attended  with  frequent 
thunder  squalls.  When  we  arrived,  after  much  fatigue,  at  the  Chops  of  Merry-meeting 
Bay,  we  found  Mr.  Hatch  and  Jackson  on  board  a  vessel  bound  to  Nantucket.  This 
incident  prevented  our  proceeding  any  farther,  and  obliged  us  to  go  on  shore,  where 
we  continued  above  four  hours,  but  perceiving  a  formidable  thunder  shower  arising 
we  determined  to  visit  Capt.  Hobbs'.  We  had  very  civil  entertainment  at  his  house, 
and  about  dark  embarked  and  continued  our  voyage  a  mile  beyond  the  Chops,  when  a 
violent  squall  burst  upon  us  from  the  north,  attended  with  uncommon  darkness  and 
cold.  It  was  with  extreme  difficulty  we  were  able  to  reach  the  shore,  upon  which  the 
waves  dashed  with  increasing  and  resistless  fury.  I  was  constrained  to  continue  above 
an  hour  holding  the  painter,  while  Dr.  Mayer  ran  to  solicit  assistance.  At  length, 
after  rambling  through  the  bushes,  and  over  burnt  logs  and  rocky  ledges,  he  appeared 
with  Mr.  John  Trot.(  ?  )  We  perceived  ourselves  to  be  but  a  few  rods  from  his  house, 
and  having  hauled  our  boat  into  a  cove,  with  watching  the  greater  part  of  the  night 
we  prevented  her  dashing  in  pieces. 

22d.  After  breakfast,  the  wind  still  blowing  from  the  north-west,  we  embarked,  and 
about  two  arrived  at  Pownalborough,  where  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  finding  my  family 
in  good  health,  though  they  had  greatly  suffered  in  my  absence  from  want  of  provis 
ions.  I  was  astonished  to  perceive  the  severity  of  the  drought  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  Almost  everything  was  consumed,  and  a  terrible  fire  raging  near  the  East 
ern  River,  rendered  the  prospect  still  more  distressing.  I  was  visited  this  afternoon 
by  several  of  my  friends. 

[Journals  missing  from  August  23d,  1778,  to  January  16th,  1779,  inclusive.] 

1779. 

January  nth — Sunday.     At  home.     San's  (  ?  )  preached.     Gushing  forbids  him. 

28th.     Set  off  on  a  journey.    Arrived  at  Whitchcasset. 

29th.    Arrived  at  Mr.  Rhode's,  in  Bristol. 

30th.    A  snow  storm.    At  Mr.  Palmer's.    Lodged  at  Capt.  Vinal's. 

31st.    At  night  at  Mr.  Palmer's. 

February  1st.    At  Capt.  Vinal's,  Cremor's,  Chapman's,  and  (Rev.  Dr.)  Shefford's. 

3d.    Baptized  Eunice  Vinal.    Returned  to  Palmer's. 

4th.    Dined  at  Noble's  and  lodged  at  J.  Sevey's. 

5th.     Breakfasted  at  Mr.  Wood's.     Get  home  at  sunset. 

6th.    Baptized  John  Carlow. 

14:th — Sunday.     Baptized  Anna  Costelo.     Mr.  Gardiner  here. 

21st — Sunday.    Mr.  Gardiner  and  11  persons. 

March  1st.     At  home.    N.  Palmer  reads  his  confession. 

2d.    At  home.     John  (McNamarra)  returns  from  Broad  Bay. 

6th.    At  Mr.  Pochard's.    His  father  ill. 

7th.    At  Mr.  Pochard's.    The  old  man  dies. 

8//t.    Mr.  Pochard  buried. 

llth.    Mr.  Lawrence's  child  buried. 

lith.    At  Mr.  Lawrence's.    Baptized  Amos  and  Betsy  Hitchins. 

19th.    Rode  to  Mr.  R.  Turner's.    Tarried  all  night. 

2Qth.    Rode  home. 

April  Uh — Sunday.    Company. 

5th.    Chose  the  same  church  officers. 


ERRATA. 

Page  240,  Note;  for  L'Esarbot,  read  L'Escarbot. 

Page  251,  Note ;  for  Christ's  Church,  read  Christ  Church. 


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