Full text of "The front line: materials for a study of leadership in college and after"

See other formats

DUKE
UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

^'mmtKirr: fit

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2013

http://archive.org/details/frontlinemateriaOOpatr

THE FRONT LINE

Materials for a Study of Leadership
in College and After

Ben M. Patrick

Duke University
1942

Addenda

Reference ,

Page Item

161 (The Blue Stocking Club was a social organization of gradxiate women
students, organized in 1932. It was active as late as 1935.
(Chronicle. Oct, 4, 1935.)

144 In 1939 professional educators attempted to organize a state-wide
federation of "future teachers" among collegians, and a meeting
was held at Duke attended by prominent teachers and college stu-
dents from ten institutions in NorthCarolina. A council was
named, but it has made little news since that time. (See Durham
Morning Herald and other newspapers, May 11, 1939.)

Ch^, Under sponsorship of the "Y's" and other "service organizations"

an Inter-Campus Relations Committee was formed in 1939 with the

III rather nebulous duties of fostering and improving relations

between undergraduate schools, bringing the boys and girls to-
gether. The Committee has done its work through other groups,
BOS, Sandals, student governments, etc., most of whose officers
are ex officio members .

12 (9l) A Poetry Club was active for a while during 1938. May have been a
revival of the College Poetry Society.

20 VHien engineering students in Southgate Dormitory organized for self-
government, engineering students living in town formed a separate

150 club, the Engineers' Town Boys' Club. The group maintained a

club room in Southgate beginning about 1937. A year or two later
Town Boys in Trinity College organized a similar club, with the
hope of getting a club room or some other headquarters on the
caiopus. Town Boys in Trinity College have since been organized
as freshman and as upperclassmen.

76 "Chip" Lehrbach evidently directed the first student dance orchestra
to the the name Blue Devils. This was in 1930. (Chronicle, Sept.
Sept. 16, 1931.)

14 Banks Arendell is mentioned occasionally as "Publicity Agent" before
1920, when Henry Belk was employed for this purpose.

430299

ACKKOWLIDGMENTS

Special thanks are due Charles E, Jordan, VT, W. Card,
H. E, Spence, J, Poster Barnes, H, J, Herring, A. M, Proctor,
Nora Chaff in, J. P. Breedlove, P. S. Aldridge, Ted Mann, and
RelDecca Kirkpatrick Sprinkle for reading sections of the manu-
script, checking numerous facts, and offering helpful suggestions;
to A. A, Wilkinson, for six years of tolerance and silent assist-
ance; to Douglas Corriher, Walter Johnson and Beatrice Mellon,
for checking innumerable items in student publications; to John
Kennedy, Juanita Harvard, and Beatrice Mellon, for relief from
much of the drudgery of preparing the final draft, including the
typing of i^pendix A.

B.M.P.

43C299

Preface

Charles S. Jordan likes Coca-Cola.
President W, P, Few was not a good dictator,

* * *

"That boy will "be a "big man some day," otserved W, M. Upchurch, Jr.,
yoiing Coordinator of Student Activities, as Sophomore Herbert S, Nusbaum left
his office after an interesting and intelligent discussion of current motion
picture "bookings.

"How can you tell?"

"Why, everything about him seems to tell you he will be, doesn't it?"

"Yes," it was agreed, "but can you put your finger on the specific
qualities that will make him a big man some day? How can you tell?"

[Three years later Herbert Nusba\im had "summa cum laude" after his
name on the commencement program. Six years later he stood well in the law
class at Harvard University's commencement. Nine years later he is on his way
to becoming a big man in the motion picture industry.]

But, "how can you tell?"

^ * *

fft [■'J,')^

:.[!'.'} P-t

iii

"There nnist be a way of telling whether or not a person will attain
prominence in his chosen field," mused young psychologist C, Ray Carpenter,
looking around for a thesis subject. He pursued the tho\ight to the point of
projecting a study of the correlation between leadership on the campus and
after college, using case histories of selected BMOCs (big men on the campus);
but became interested in monkeys before the study got under way, and chose to
study simian rather than collegiate subjects*

* 4i *

(That is how this volume came to be compiled. These facts make up the
background for this volume — which is not a study, but basis for a study.

It was in the Summer of 1936. The relief stenographer to the Presi-
dent and Assistant Secretary had two or three idle hours every day — while the
unrapid dictator of pleasant memory polished off a few paragraphs of a speech
or report before dictating, or while the Coca-Cola drinker was at the "dope
shop" (or dictating to Secretary Helen McCltire).

A few months of work in the University ITews Service had revealed the
need for easily available factual data concerning student organizations figuring
in the news from time to time. In offices on the second floor of the Admini-
stration Building were several shelves of catalogues, bulletins and other pub-
lications dealing with Trinity College and Duke University, from the early days.
Between dictation and transcription periods these were consulted and some of the
data therein set down in classified note form.

The first step was to compile lists of officers of student organi-
zations, defunct as well as current. This required spare time during the two
Summers 1936 and 1937. Beginning with the year 1936-37 student office-holders
then in college were approached with requests to assist in writing histories
of their organizations. This continued for two years and more, and was

alpi-

.w Jf-,

:^JOtw 0'

& ic

.p'

\bvia

* * %

^tJi»i cj ■

:ioni V©I ^■.

rorsa sio

.x;tarr*;

■^ix-'-Lri.'

productive of only fairly satisfactory restilts. During the Suamer of 1938 con-
siderable time was spent in the University Lihrary, among old documents bearing
on the institution's history. Mrs. E^becca Kirkpatrick Sprinkle helped to com-
plete brief histories of many organizations during that Summer.

None of the organizations mentioned herein has been given esiiaustive
treatment. Pew deserve it, from the historian's point of view. A very few
should receive such thorough attention (and chief among these is perhaps The
Society of 9019). It is hoped that the need will attract the interest of
scholars before some of the sources now at hand are no longer available.

There has been no attempt to make the present volume readable. Much
of the composition has been done in haste, when there was not much mood for
writing. Considerable effort has been expended to see that factual statements
are factual, A decade of close contact with student publications has engendered
reluctance to accept every statement therein as being absolutely factual. Wher-
ever possible, facts have been checked by more than one source.

The final chapter, it will be noted, is composed of observations, few
of them conclusive; and the reader is asked to bear this fact in mind. Con-
clusions must await more exhaustive study of soxirce materials here assembled,
and Chapter X must be regarded as tentative. Source materials in addition to
those contained herein are conveniently available in the files of the Univer-
sity News Service.

Most of the photographs — from the News Service files — are recent.
In the thought that the voltime might be of some interest to the historiaji a
hundred years hence, all pictxires have been given special treatment to insure
permanence.

As will be noted from the bibliography, there has been little consul-
tation of published material on the general subject of the correlation of

^.■r.^f c\^- '• r

-^— A.-- .'

wel ,

n3 ^ Jl^-^ cI ^C'

-.riD

iol-vneS e^

leadership in school and after. The present volume, to reiterate, is not a
study; but merely the beginning of a study in this field. Whether, when, or
by whom the study will be completed is anybody's guess in this year of con-
fusion and shadows. Jcay value which this volume may have as documenting the
history of the institution is only incidental.

The main question ("how can you tell?") remains unanswered; for the
qualities that make for leadership, the components of "success," are still not
d ef ined.

S» M* F*

Durham, N, C.
June 25, 1942.

3^ ,:

10 ,J3A-; ,Tj;i7o.-.-.

t**r •»

CONTENTS

Acknowled^ents i

Preface ii

Chapter I. INTROIJUCTiaN 1

Chapter II. LITEHARY AND LINGUISTIC GROUPS 5

Chapter III. CIVIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 28

Chapter IV. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 53

Chapter V. MUSICAL AND THEATRICAL ENTERPRISES 65

Chapter VI. ATHLETIC ORGANIZATIONS 88

Chapter VII. FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES, SOCIAL 97

Chapter VIII. HONORARY AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES .... 126

Chapter IX. OTHEffi CLASSIFICATIONS 146

Chapter X. OBSERVATIONS AND qjJESTIONS 162

APPENDICES

A. Lists of Student Officers 3

B. Organizations and Enterprises Classified .121

C. Wiley Gray Orators 125

Bibliography 132

Index 134

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

The founders of Duke University suttscrited to the concept that
education on the college level (as preparation for productive living) should
"be balanced. Niimber 4 of the By-Laws (1925) provides that "the three Vice-
presidents of the University have supervision of the work of the University
in the divisions of (a) business, (h) education, and (c) student life."
This provision followed four score years of rather loosely supervised "student
activity" in the life of the institution.

During the first three years of Duke University's history (as a
university) there was a vice-president under the third heading, but with the
departure of Dr. E, D. Soper (who was also head of the School of Religion) this
position became vacant, and has remained vacant.

The term "student activity" as most usually enrployed on the campus
means an enterprise initiated and managed by students, such projects usually
being extra-curricular (unrelated to courses of study).

Official seniority follov/s the order a, b, c. Thus, the Vice-president
in the Business Division ranks next to the President in authority.

'tr 2ie2.xu:oi su";''

■.'i sd'

Student activities are and have been often inspired by faculty mem-
"bers, often closely supervised by or even led by members of the faculty; but
not always. Some student enterprises are wholly student enterprises — and such
are usually tardy in receiving sanction of the college administration,

Faculty supervision of student activities began with the first stu-
dent organizations, the debating societies of Trinity College, before the Civil
War; but the first record of a continuous fg^culty- student committee for such
supervision is of the Fraternity Pan- Hellenic Council, 1910-11,

fStudent activity means organization, and organization often requires
fiinds.

It was not until there were nearly 150 organizations of students —
Tuany of them having a treasurer among their officers — that aid (and supervision)
was offered student groups in financial matters. This was in 1933-34, when the
Student Activities Office (Trinity College) was set up. Theretofore, financial
matters of student publications had been closely supervised by the University
Publications Board, and fraternity finances had been subject to review of the
Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council and the national offices. In 1939-40 the Stu-
dent Activities Office kept records of financial transactions of 22 organiza-
tions, and assisted a greater number of additional groups in various other ways.

In addition to this auditing function, the office assists groups in
purchasing f\imiture, transportation, and various other items of equipment,
supply and service for which they have need; and in other, more subtle ways
seeks to assist student organizations — and particularly their leaders — to
develop ability to manage their own affairs. Faculty advisers serve this
latter purpose to some degree. There has been no organization of faculty
advisers, and little connection between them and the Student Activities Office.

.:3-j>,o-:iu-

The Treasurer's Office serves as "bank for student enterprises recog-
nized "by the Student Activities Office — with the exception of fraternities,
whose national offices usually audit financial records.

The auditing f\inction of the office applies only to organizations of
undergraduate men, and to such other groups as request this service. Under-
graduate women's groups receive similar service from the Treasurer's Office
"branch at 'rf Oman's College, and are under the general supervision of the Dean
of Residence.

The Director of the Student Activities Office has thus had consider-
ably less authority than would have been assTomed by a Vice-president in the
Student Life Division of the University; and his duties have of course been
considerably less comprehensive. The Director has been directly responsible
to the Dean of Men, Trinity College, who is under the Vice-president in the
Education Division; so that the Student Activities Office is in the Division
of Education, for there is no Division of Student Life as planned at time of
founding of the University.

There are few purely extra-curricular activities in graduate divisions,
for most organizations of graduate students are directly concerned with specific
fields of study. The Student Activities Office assists such groups only rarely.

^As vital to the success of any organization as funds is another asset
of which there is seldom a surplus, leadership.

"Every institution is the lengthened shadov; of a man," and every
organization must reflect the character of its leaders, often the character of
its founders as well. The institution, the organization, starts with the man,
the leader.

What, then, are the factors of character which make a person a leader?

•^■^r

"■■ 'r*'>-

:: XlXii

T n r>. 1 1 T

;J: 8*x

nf, "^^ 5 f ft'l'-

sf'iT , rf^^,

How are they to be identified?

How are they acquired, and when?

Are these factors permanent? Will the collegian who is a leader "be
a leader after college?

Qliick answers to some of these questions are found in well-advertised
correspondence courses in "personal magnetism" and salesmanship. Bat, are these
the real answers? Can qualities of leadership, prominence, notability, be
acquired; or are they innate?

And is it possible, on the college level or below, to identify the
future leaders of society?

If so, should something be done about it?

s^sXIoo

•% I.- •■' •;:. £».

Chester II
LIir£BA£Y XSD LINGUISTIC G-ROUPS

A. Forensic Organizations

Among student orgcmizations in the history of Duke University the one
with the longest continuous existence was, according to available records, the
first one founded: Columbia Literary Society. This may not have been the first
formal organization of students, however, for the 1845-46 enrollment was pro-
bably large enough for each class to have officers (including those in the
preparatory division, there were 90 students in 1649, the earliest year of which
there is an official record of enrollment), but the records of class organiza-
tions is quite incomplete, no consistent effort having been made to keep such
records before the establishment of the Student Activities Office in 1933-34.

Colximbia Litereoy Society was founded in June 1846. Its existence
was uninterrupted, e^parently, until May of 1931 when the group was disbanded
and reorganized within an ho\ir.^ It died in the Spring of 1938, of non-support.

Alumni Register, Oct. 1915, pp.l68f.; Apr. 1917, p. 66; Apr. 1918, p.40;
Archive. Nov. 1912, pp.64f.

^Chronicle, May 6, 1931.

*f A .■: j-^c; ^ -f

Biicli&'sliusrt'iC- •jieneio'''' .

;\:; 11'."-.

,^ *„ ..-. p-K'^ vri-xDoC v-wTa;tL! aid-^frlcO : ^9'^'^ot «»no ^silt

. .- ^i s^ori* ^rtJtnt toal) aieoj-no avAd oi bbbIo jIob© icl -i :..->. ».^'I ^clc^^

^onejai^f-s «" . ^i ^iii?- -ai i^&..;iii.oi <!^w V-^-c^o:. v^i.fitjjia rziv.at^o.;

;0i-. ,

;Cc.q: ,Va.t'i .iq-d ; .tSai.qq ,Zi2l .

^ *-Ar-' 1 r' T^v^ c? J. ;^

Nothing dAfinlte is known of Columbia's fotinders.^ It is considered
probable that the society was organised at the suggestion of Braxton Craven,
Union Institute's principal in 1846, or by some other faculty member. At first,
it was evidently not much different from the literary societies organized and
conducted under the supervision of public school teachers nowadays, with the
primary purpose of training in public speaking and parliamentary procedure;
euid, like such public school groups, it was probably conducted with the aid of
considerable faculty supervision and inspiration. In North Carolina a century
ago college education was almost exclusively for young persons with definite
professional ambitions, and most of Union Institute's students, like those of
Trinity College dtiring its early period, looked toward public, or at least semi-
public careers — as teachers, preachers, lawyers. Ability to speak in public
being prerequisite to success in these fields, forensics (often catalogued as
Elocution) had an important place in the curriculum. There were no radios, no
phonographs, no motion pictures. Attending sermons, lectures, debates, and
other public meetings was a favorite form of entertainment, as well as instruc-
tion, among rural folk of intellectual inclination. Thus, Columbia Litereuy
Society in its early years filled a need of the student body which is now served
by a much wider variety of extra<-curricular activities. Until 1879 it was
customary for each graduating senior to deliver a commencement oration. Since
then, one senior speaker has been heard at commencement — and is known as the
Wiley Gray Speaker. Numerous commencement orations were rehearsed in the halls

^Barney Lee Jones, Class of 1942, stated that his great-grandfather, John
Andrews, was a founding member. John C. Andrews was enrolled in Union Institute
in 1850. Mrs. E. L. I3i>shur. Norfolk, Va. , writing Aug. 17, 1940, stated that
her father, Christopher Columbus Andrews (great-grandfather of Barney Lee Jones)
was at Trinity from 1854 to 1858 and was President of Columbia. Relation of John
to Christopher is not known.

4,
See ^pendix A.

.?. <T?. r r n i"»rv'>

;:f #" ^.r" • •-"'"■ '^o ntwcttJi si e .iii^cK

arusT^-r^ -- ^-^-.^-r-. -^d* :t-- ^.[cf^t'oi.

^!T^?

rai; .:Ji:v. ,::iiz.:^yo£i ^■ia.;;>*<^

.; .^.ii^:..

je-txii^s: ' i^ ^-^

on ,8ci:-'>>'' ;;i '• ^.r- v-i , . . ,^ .

boa ,ae*fidsi> .ssit'tfasX , ' .a^jii^ro-: , .JCXiox on ,«? -'- '•;■•::

, .1 . ■ ■ d-inw , .sV , - ■ ...

,.-...:;;. ^....,.. ---^^-^ .._v. JjssTsi) &v;--„ .„- ^.

ajdoT, lo ftol?- io (taacies'jl a«w fca« CS8I o^ -J •" afiw

of Col-umliia and its rival literary society, Hesperian. Until a few years after
the founding of Duke University each society had its own hall, seldom used for
any other purpose but society meetings, Purnishings were supplied hy members,
each having his individual desk and chair, somewhat in the order of a senator.

Columbia preceded Hesperian Literary Society by five years. The
latter was born June 26, 1851, six months after Union Institute became Normal
College. J. W. Alspaugh was a "prime mover," and 0. W. Carr of Greensboro was
another charter member. Abram Weaver, Salisbury, was first President, Braxton
Craven v/as in the chair at the organization meeting. Hesperian (meaning Western)

was organized for boys from the Western part of North Carolina, but this aspect

of its purpose was evidently soon outgrown.

The two societies are the only student organizations known to have
existed when Normal College became Trinity College on i'ebruary 16, 1859, In the
annals of Trinity, the rivalry of Columbia and Hesperian was eqtialled only by
the rivalry between Trinity (and now Duke) and Carolina athletic squads; the
inter-society debates were highlights of each academic year for decades.

Outstanding monuments to joint efforts of the societies are The Archive
and The Chronicle, to which fuller mention is given later in this chapter.

Both Col\jmbia and Hesperian accumulated larger ntimbers of books than
the college library. "Each had 2,200 books and Trinity College had 650 books in
1860-61," according to J, P. Breedlove, whose sx^jervision of Trinity and Duke
book collections has extended over the last half-century.

In 1887-88 all of these books were brought together into one
library collection and called from that time on. Trinity College
Library. In 1888-89 we find another note in the catalogue saying

Jerome Dowd, Life of Braxton Craven (Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton, 1896).

Archive . Nov. 1912, p. 67.

"^AlTimni Register. Oct. 1915, pp.l58ff; Apr. 1918, Jan. 1919, pp.229ff;
Archive, June 1904; Nov. 1912.

li-st.- ,..;. .. X

In 1887->88 all of these books were broii^t together into one
library collection and called from that time on. Trinity College
Library. In 1888-89 we find another note in the catalogue saying
that each society had 4,000 volumes and that the Theological Soci-
ety had several hundred. These society libraries were included in
the Trinity College Library of 1888-89, and they were all consoli-
dated into one collection of books. In 1894-95 the college library,
according to the catalogue of that date, had in it 10,000 volumes.^

Hesperian suAcumbed when, in 1931-32, interest in foreneics reached
an all-time low at Duke. Columbia had been revived the previous Spring. Since
1922, Herbert J. Herring had been the only speech instructor, and he had other
duties. In 1935 Leroy Lewis was added to the English Department as Instructor
in Public Speaking, and Columbia experienced a revival of energy. This new
surge of power was soon exhausted, however, and Columbia died in its 92nd year,
1938.

On Februairy 4, 1937, about a year before Columbia eo^ired, a group of
speech students, encouraged by Instructor Lewis, organized Hesperian Union.
tPhough having no direct connection with Columbia's deceased rival, "Hesperian
Union was organized along the lines of the Hesperian Literary Society. . • .
Famlty debates, as well as student debates and panel discussions, were sponsored
[during the first year]. The present program includes sponsoring of debates,
current problem discussions to aid students in a better \mder standing of the
nation's crisis,'*^ promotion of better relations between men and women at Duke,
and other problems of interest to collegians, ^^

J. P. Breedlove. Letter dated Jan. 11, 1940, in News Service files.

^Catharine C. Blakeney. Sketch in News Service files, dated Nov. 15, 1937.

Among topics discussed during 1940-41 were: "Relations Between East and West

Campuses," "Campus Etiquette," "The College Curriculum." "Drunken Driving" was

discussed at a meeting in February 1939. Faculty members have participated in

forum discussions occasionally during the last three years.

/ 000,

.cooa dt>&e iiuxi

•to.tc

,-T^:n.

iXP..

■■•-ni

iis woX e-

, Vt J I • o -1. • . . t

-rr 'n?^. '.'».?. •Tt'ST'O'-' '

)io'!t»d 1BOV a *

f as ,;;^i3i«9q£ oiXtfiJ^ ax

. 8SC- •
,4^ -y.-tEjrice'i itO

■'xi-.e,tT Ttf "■'^'^

tetrad a ax a^fnsfttrJ^ r 3iJoiasyo«i "xq *B»ii«a

.'iTiieT,; S'^titicf J'Ji"! aad ,,aixuju ^jiiJ6iiO-£=iii^CO SfiCi^r

A young organization with piirpose and program somewhat similar to
that of Hesperian Union is the Student Congress, founded March 19 » 1940, through
the efforts of Joe Tally and other leaders of the Polity Club. "The Student
Congress," according to The Chronicle of ^rll 26, 1940, "prides itself on
remoYlng student complaints from the field of bull-sessions into practical and
constructive action." Though its program to date has been similar to that of
He^erlan Union, its puirpose more closely allies it with Student Government ;
and it is therefore more fully described in Chapter III.

In the saune classification ie the College Congress, forensic and mock
legislative body formed about 1888. ^ Its existence was evidently very brief.

Intercollegiate debating has been part of the institution's speech
program since 1900 or before. The existence of a Debate Council of three
feunxlty members and two representatives from each of the literary societies is
indicated as early as 1902. This body's function was the supervision of inter-
collegiate debates. Such a group existed. Intermittently perhaps, until inter-
collegiate debating came under the mamagement of Leroy Lewis in 1935-36. In
i^ril 1934 was formed the Debaters' Council, with Senior Claiborne Gregory as
head, for the purpose of arranging intercollegiate debates, a function of Tau
Kappa Alpha from its founding at Trinity on May 3, 1915^'' until about 1933, when
the chapter became Inactive for two years. The chapter was revived in 1935-36
as a Graduate Club of Tau Kappa Alpha; undergraduates were soon admitted.

•*• ^Archive, Jan. 1889, p. 66. "The academic department constitutes the House,
and those in the scientific, the Senate. Business is conducted just as in the
Congress of the U.S."

President's Report, June 1916, p. 7.

^Alumni Register, July 1915, p. 117; Chronicle, May 5, 1915; Baird's Manual.

.11-, j^-.'-I'O -»iq 0-7'::.-. ■;iii.'i^-'=- -

■rr ..•■.,H- ■■ai''-"':r..'-i "'XIl^ ^f-'r- Q^c't«9-r«'*:^ »i *1 -fen*

.;^,^^^jf .,^.,^ ,,j;tr:«** fve ^-^^ «>orr*:t«i:«» e*I "'•'^.8881 d^^'oci ^ ®"»'i-

g> ..,<,» :tf*t^OK ^tsisJiX ari* "io dose laoil savi.^ t oyti bos gtsoffisai

•.^iuiiiM ■'. oiiS.Btao& 9./' .55. a ,

_j:i^ ;SX9X .5 ^«M .•Xoia^^rf^ j^XX.q ,5161 ^X^L ^-rffifti^eil.

Colum'bia and Eeeperian were open only to men. "By 1900 (when 23 women

were enrolled) there seemed to "be room for a women's literary society, and the

14
Ero Mathlan Society was organized. Its existence was evidently very brief,

for the one year only. By 1912 the feminine enrollment had reached 74; on
Janxxary 6 of that year was formed Athena Literary Society^ (at the stiggestion
of Matide Upchurch, with H» S. Spence as faculty adviser), which continued until
1926, when it merged with Brooks Literary Society to form the League of Women
Voters at Duke. The Brooks society — founded in the Fall of 1921 and named in
honor of Eugene Clyde Brooks, member of the education faculty 1907-19 and sub-
sequently Superintendent of Public Instruction for North Carolina and President
of North Carolina State College — had the sane relation to Athena as did Hesperian
to Columbia. ^^ On February 4, 1927 was orgsinized the Women's Debatizig Council,^"
the function of vdiich was about the same as that of the Debate Council of 1902-35.
On December 3, 1931 the Debaters' Club was organized by a groxqp of women. ^® It
was active until 1936-37, when speech activities of Trinity College and Woman's
College came under the supervision of Speechman Lewis.

Two literary societies existed during the history of Trinity Park
School, 1898-1922. Orewiy was founded in the Fall of 1898^^ and Calhoun a bit
later. Both continued until the preparatory school was closed. Preceding the

^^Ar chive, Jan. 1900, p. 275.

^ ^Alumni Register, Apr. 1917; Chronicle, Feb. 7, 1912; Archive, Nov. 1912,
p .70.

^^Alumnl Register, Oct. 1921, p. 214.

^"^ Chronicle. Feb. 9, 1927.

^^Chronlcle, Dec. 2, 1931.

Chronicle , 1905 et seqq. ; Trinity College Catalogue, 1898-99, p. 30.

-r-T." T:i V- •'^■tC "ir't TT*

flCl?

. ^ ■

,.-. 4,.., -re: ;»«.^r n'-f :■• •*': ,T)hrortrl *'?^

■ ^

.01., -J ,?t5-f^P«.C ,«O20.

MS.q ,X>C: ,^00 ,;i2:

: ci

.'^ei , . .

:.. -CTiO'^^

■ —

,,GI

•crL-riT'L' : .ooes !?■ '^."■■

; .^rKO

&rad7 and Calhoun aooietles were the Lyeorgian (founded about 1893) and the
Adelphian (founded about 1896), both organized before the establishment of
Trinity Park School.

Por a number of years preceding 1925 the Society of 9019 sponsored
annual declamation contests among North Carolina high school students. Winners
from schools within a radius of about fifty miles came to Trinity for the final
contest. This was eridently begun at about the same time the Unirersity of
North Carolina inaugurated the annual high school debate tournament at Cheqpel
Hill, which continues.

B. Literary Orovqps

About a dozen actually literary societies hare existed during the
institution's history. (The so-called literary societies hare most often been
forensic clubs.) The first was the Saturday Night Club. Though evidently com-
posed of faculty members only, the club was of sufficient interest to students
to warrant the student monthly to take notice of it.^ It was probably begun
during the winter of 1894-95; it wsis act lye for about three years.

On November 7, 1911, Dr. Frank C. Brown called a meeting of interested
students and supervised the organizing of the Writers* Club, the Idea for which
had originated among a group of women students.^

^Catalogue. 1895-96, p. 114.

Ibid. , 1897-98, p. 125.

***See also. Society of 9019, p. 127, post.

Archive, Jan. 1895. ^Chronicle, Nov, 15, 1911.

..-f ^ f..^ v'J'.-^!?'^ -^ --^0 J^-Ii"^ ^♦'♦-''^ ^^o*^* ■^'^ salbjRi M atdilv aXcoxtoa mof?:

'-1-4*; (. ^.-ii'i ■• .. J.

eri;r :itui:^ iJSuiiAxa -<5v*v ^.iicr^iooa -tBi*?// -^Xi^tr^rD. .f^^rft b Jr-rcTA

^-^,,5,;, ,^«ji4 *,;orfe Tc't *v|J^ oX Jo -i&^civ sri* irltut

" , I V' •■- ''ri-,i'.\rr

.IXei ,cl ,vo«i ,eIo:iaOirin^^' .civci .nsu ,:^2,'; 2-^

Sxactly two years after the organization of the Writers' Cluh was

formed the Fortnightly Club of Sigma IJ^silon, a federation of local honoreoy

25
literary groups in Southern colleges. The group was active until about 1934.

26
Zeta chapter of Chi Delta Phi has existed since April 1922, when

Danyeah Literary Club (founded in Tebruary of that year) was granted a charter.
Chi Delta Phi is a women's organization corresponding in size and purpose to
Sigma Upsilon, whose membership is male. In the Chronicle of March 22^ 1933,
mention is made of a chapter of the College Poetry Society of America. The
reference is probably to Chi Delta Phi, which studies poetry as well as other
forms of literature. At any rate, no further tra^e of the College Poetry Society
has been found at Duke.

The Sditor of the 1935-36 Archive , Eeu*l Bunner, left before the end of
the year. Xdward 3» Post, Jr., sophomore with a facile pen, had been outstand-
ing as a contributor to the literary monthly and had interested several other
students in forming a club for the purpose of reading and criticizing each other's
writings, and discussing other litercury works. The Archive , with an empty Editor's
chair, was virtually turned over to this group, the Undergraduate Writers, by the
University Publications Board. Post served as Editor for the remainder of the
Tear, and was formally elected to that position for his Junior year. According
to the system of elections prevailing from then till 1940, the Archive Editor
must have been a member of Undergradiaate Writers. The group holds regular
meetings, mainly for the reading and criticizing of each other's literary efforts;
most of the Archive contents for the last three years (1937-1940) has gone

^^Chronicle, Nov, 12, 1913,

Alumni Register, Apr. 1922, p. 34.

.*y?.CI .^XrcdB li^W •TiiO* ' ' ^^O^ ''^ 'SqllO'SS v..i'£^jii

a. 1 lit- A nor-*'; f:^^f-' ' ' -C' te^qjario ^^.'

, - ...» /yT"

+ 0* t^iUQli^: -rot asw AXLB «TU»«%

, • i;-=;9j av"^-::: ie^-a

through this process.^ Professor William Blackburn has been Adrisor to the
group since its inception. (The organization was inactive during 1940~41.)

Among literairy clubs one of the most interesting was the Cat's Head
Club, founded in December 1924 by nine students: R. P. Harriss, A. A. Wilkinson,
Freeman Twaddell, Balph Fuller, Jasper Clute, James J, Tarriss, Gay Allen, A. B.
Gibson, and Franklin Shinn. Headquarters were in the Cat's Head section of
Epworth Hall. The President was named Catterwaller; the Secretary, Cat-o-nine«
tails. The group dominated the literary life of the campus for about three
Toeurs, dying a natural death about 1928. One issue of a magazine. The Cat's
Meow, was published November 22, 1926. The Club also published a limited edition
(ten copies) of verses by James Branch Cabbell, well-known writer of Richmond,
Va. Advisers to the club were Drs, Paull F, Baum, N. I. White, and B. W, Nelson.^
Members of the group — though perhaps not all of them — were also members of Sigma
Upsilon.

The North Carolina Folklore Society has had a connection with Duke
through Dr. Frank C. Brown, who has served as the society's President. A related
Folklore Society was organized among Trinity students in the Fall of 1920.^ It
was active for three years or more.

At least three Journalistic groups were organized before the University
established its own publicity department; the need for such clubs has not been
felt so keenly since. There was a Press Association as early as 1904-05, and it
had a continuous existence until about 1912.^ It was closely related to The

^"^ Chronicle, 1935-36, passim. ^^Chronicle, Nov. 3, 1920.

Chronicle, Dec. 17, 1924. North American Review, Oct, 1930.

Cat^^gue, 1904-05 et seqq. Chronicle, Jan. 23, 1906; Oct. 5, 1910.

15 .r or f -p

i • ,' » ' —

.1^.^-'

.f -,■

. ,.K ,3=-^

'^(e^fr*s ^

^ic aotto

V t:';.-.'.

•iOCfilfi.

^' .'.i-.wo

; <r< - • • -iir

a;i <iJ!

ito^aaoo

<1T'

r^r©

■H itro(S&

.-; t'-B'^-' ?>*"— '■■''J ' il ■

-y^ja.iiyt^^^ ^f^o

::ESP'--PE g^

■a

a- IJ
© ^

= 5 i; - S
g t- 2 o

Chronicle , nearly all members being on the newspaper's editorial staff. A
Journalists' Club is mentioned in The Chronicle of October 2, 1912; it is per-
haps the same group as the Qjtiill Club. The C^ill Club, coioposed of caiopus cor-
respondents for home-town newspapers, was organized October 2, 1912, and con-

31
tinued until World War I considerably curtailed student enterprise in 1917.

The institution's first regular publicity writer (the term "press
agent" is seldom used) was Henry Belk, employed in 1920, while still a student.

A Journalism Club was formed on March 5, 1923, through the efforts of
Dr. Alan H. Gilbert, but had a brief history. It was a different sort of club
from the Press Association, Journalists' Club and qjxill Club; its purpose being
the stimulation of interest in Journalism, rather than the practical application
of such interest in earnix^ bread.

C. Publications

Outstanding among publications connected with Trinity College and
Duke University is the South Atlantic Qioarterly, launched in January 1902 with
the financial and moral support of The Society of 9019. John Spencer Bassett,
founder also of 9019, was the publication's principal inspirer. The 9019

(evidently as individual patrons rather than as an organized group) gave finan-

33
cial support until 1907, when the South Atlantic Publishing Company was chartered.

Otherwise, the publication has not been a student enterprise.

^^ Chronicle, Oct. 9, 1912. Catalogue , 1912-13.

^^Chronicle, Mar. 7, 1923.

''"John Cline, Thirty-Eight Years of the South Atlantic Qioarterly — A Chapter
in the Progress of Liberalism in the South. Master's Thesis, submitted 1940,
15uke University. Duke University Library.

■d lai . . . <* .r^

ftisTrh-rt? 9-^J^

At least two publications with similar aims preceded the South Atlantic

Quarterly » having heen begun during the presidency of Braxton Craven. The first

34
was The Southern Index, a bi-monthly first published in 1850. In December of

the same year was published the first number of The Evergreen, its successor.
The Evergreen was published at Asheboro (about 15 miles from Trinity) , with
Braxton Craven and R. H. Brown as editors of the third and fourth numbers.
Brown alone served as editor for the remainder of the twelve monthly issues.
It is probable that Craven helped to initiate the magazine; no copies of the
first two issues have been found. It was not officially sponsored by Trinity
College but received considerable support from the institution, through Craven
and other faculty members as contributors, and perhaps from the student body as
readers. The last issue was published in November 1851. Another non-student
publication was The Trinity Gazette, a quarterly first published in 1874, and

continued for three years.

The College Herald was begun before June 1882.^''' Very little informa-
tion has been found concerning it or The Trinity Magazine, which followed The
College Herald in March 1883."^®

A clear distinction was made between education and Christian education
by Dr. John Carlisle Kilgo and many other educators of his time. "Dr. Jack's"
aim for Trinity was that it should be the section's leading institution for

^Alumni Register, July 1917, p,152.
^^Ibid.

"^^Ibid., Jan. 1922, p. 234.

Archive, Apr. 1892, p. 301. Sophia Ryman states (Alumni Register, Jan, 1922,

p. 235) that "the first number of The College Herald was published in November 1882."

Alumni Register, Jan, 1922, p,235.

rii x-^Ii.^.

-aoa -r

■• .-^ f f? f

" das/T» 5'

r j.'i'!

.-J.C -1. ,:::a':'-.i u':- -Si^;

$«vf ije^^ «n««

'•■'>■■{ JO

.?! fT yi "" a«w isoi^flol.

'.csflv •j.-tr'* TC* ; .n/cii .■

..-.0■v

• 1 V* ;;:;.oo G*l ;^ 3 i ix-'u

oirlG

•T/~ ♦■ . T

0*18 it iedi e«v ^J

ii..^ , vr-i n:»i;

N •■

Chrletlan education. Some Trinity altimni and other interested North Carolinians
objected to the college's use of ""blood money" from the Dukes. There came to
"be a rather sharp difference hetween the points of view of Eilgo and the leaders
of the University of North Carolina on the subject of educational aims and methods,
and the matter was used by the State's newspe^ers as an interesting controversial
issue. It was in this connection that President Kilgo and his faculty, with the
purpose of propagandizing North Carolinians in favor of Christian education, be-
gan the publication of The Christian Educator, in February 1896. It was a propa-
ganda publication, with some general news of interest to the college community
and those interested in the institution. It was discontinued (December 1898)
when the Eilgo-Grattis case began to take so much of the time and attention of
President Kilgo and his faculty. ^^

Before the time of The Christian Educator was the beginning of The
Archive, believed to be the first student-managed publication at Trinity. Its
beginning was sponsored by the Columbia and Hesperian societies, largely throxigh
the efforts of a faculty member, Professor J. L. Armstrong, who edited the publi-
cation for the first three years. The first number appeared in November 1867;
it has been published continuously since, as a monthly"^ The Archive is thought
to be direct successor to The Trinity Magazine , which itself succeeded The
College Herald > The period of 188^-87 was a time of uncertainty and change for
the college, and it was natural that new enterprises should be initiated during
such a time. Since 1890 The Archive has been edited and managed by students,
with a modicum of faculty supervision. Grraduate students, faculty members, and

T>aul N.Oarber, John Carlisle Kilgo, (Durham: Duke Ifciversity Press, 1937),
pp.60, 234ff.

Alumni Register, June 1926, Jan. 1927, May 1930. Archive, Nov. 1903, May

1 940 .

. /- ■.-'1 "r ^r ■.- ^ ' ■:t'i<'! r 7n': '• T C "^ -O

v-v 5iiUlO •■■•>'•

::.,. '.'i.iJ'^l Ji BO
■■ „ r ri'*- ■-■.■<•-■.'>; t'. •■'■ . •■* .feftG

•9881 -•■^-.^"'^-^ :^r -.n-^^;. ■ Tr;,: j ';•■> ^j/;'^ .-T^ov ^otjt'i^ *::TJ:'*r srf* rc^ aoi-t^o

,'iir:mbr.Ti9 vjS hft^-^svun true £>e*." ::' asci avif^rTi-. ■^.uT 0C<9I eontS ,«ffiJt* « xiox;.:

v:3;-. ,COei .vr: ,dv.tr:cni.. . .1 i^e.:-. ,7S,tX .iX^L ,o:;'ii saxrX. , I-ii.TXil-

.o*e

off-caiBpu8 writers eontrituted fairly frequently until about 1935; since then
it has "been an undergraduate publication.

Before (Trinity College moved to Durham in 1892 students did not feel
need for a caatpus newspe^er, since The Archive served the function of newsorgan
as well &B liter£iry magazine. By 1905, when the enrollment was 483, there
seemed to he need for a campus newspaper. The Columbia and Hesperian Literary
Societies (which had sponsored the initiation of The Archive) were approached on
the subject. The first issue of The Trinity Chronicle was published on December
19, 1905. The origin and early history of the newspaper has been succinctly
written by U. N, Hoffman, '07, the second Editor:

On Saturday evening » December 9, 1905, was born The Trinity
Chronicle , now the Duke Chronicle , for on that evening the Hesperian
and Colmbian Literary Societies approved the plan that had been
worked out for founding a weekly newspaper for the college. The
first issue bore the date of December 19.

I believe that I can in all sincerity lay claim to originating
the idea for the newspe^er. In Trinity Park School, the prep school
over in the northwest comer of the campus at that time, I had had
thrust upon me the editorship of the little magazine, the High School
Gazette, by Headmaster J, ?• Bivins, The printer's ink I got on my
fingers stuck, and when I entered college I thought, "Why not have a
newspsgper as well as the literary magazine? '* But a mere freshman
could not dare propose it; nor as a soph could I do anything about it.

But in the fall of my junior year (1905) I talked it over with
Tom M. Stokes, a classmate in the prep school who also had got smeared
with printer's ink of the High School Gazette. He was interested to
the extent that he Joined me in a trip into town to find out what a
paper wo\ild cost. We tramped around to most of the printing shops cmd
got estimates. We had no money to finance a paper (both were working
to help pay oxzr way through college), and the next step was to find
a financial angel. He was a Hesperian, I a Columbian; both literary
societies had plenty of funds. We found officers and members favor-
able toward a paper, but to get the two societies to agree to pay the
printer if need be was something different. These debating societies
were carefully conducted, and their treasiirers were tight-fisted col-
legians.

The proposition was placed before the memberships; it was argued
and approved, provided certain formalities were carried out. Yes, sir.

'v'i

.00 aieJlitw

' fI5 fl90ff •*

::i ^;:V:

"jj'itStA-^ (--f'

£.'■ i^r;'

p bail iooa

;-;?.n ^ae »d* .t-O' . . iffiiisv

. .X -s 2a

^ ^

t
nr.t:[-.T.. '-I 9fi^ ■ "'^^

I -
:v : -- ;,-■ ■•lit 0* iiv,-.:)TV?7IF,:;TJ7r iT~irr •'■;;;■: J: or.

■;li(*

e.ct '^acr o:^ ; J'SS o* *««* t'

,«il«sJt: =.i

h9tf:-,iB ■^•■'-,1 il ;aqj . fJisc-'T''" ^■'^'

there must be a constitution and by-lawe for the paper. A hoard of
four men from each society to work them out was authorized by a
resolution passed hy both groups on December 9, 1905. The second
Issue of the paper printed this authorizing resolution and the sub-
sequently framed constitution and by-laws.

Inasmuch as the editor mast be a senior I was not eligible till
the second year, when I succeeded Henry G-ilbert Poard, i06. Gibby
was a fine editor — a genial fellow, a hard worker, a brilliant stu-
dent. His untimely death in 1930 left me as the oldest surviving
editor.

To Tom Stokes, co-founder with me of the paper, shotild have gone
the first managership, for he had attended summer school and was a
senior when I was a Junior. But for what he had done to make the
paper a reality he was rewarded merely with a place on the editorial
staff as the writer of an interesting column of paragraphs that bore
the headline "Locals."

Nobody on the staff had had any training in newspaper writing
or make-t^ technique, and what a paper the first issue was I VHiy, the
five colTums on the front page contained only two news stories. One
started in column one with the "startling" headline:

HESPERIAN VS. COLUMBIAN

Sixteenth Annual Inter- Society Debate —
Won by the Hesperian

The story ran three full columns, then was continued to page two to
fill almost three more! The second story on page one started in
column four and bore this grand headline:

MR. D. A. TOMPKINS, OF CHARLOTTE

Prominent N. C. Business Man Speaks
to Trinity Students

and filled two columns of that page and was continued to page three
to fill nearly three more!

The type was all handset, quite large as coinpared to newspaper
type today. The paper was printed at the Durham Recorder printshop
on Main Street, upstairs. It was rather difficult at first to get
enotigh material to fill the four pages. There was no football then,
but baseball was a red-hot sport, with Southpaw Arthur Bradsher set-
ting the South on fire with his unbeatable pitching. Issue No. 20
was an athletic number containing picttires of that year's team and
a record of all games from 1899 to 1906.

So far as I know the literary societies never had to pay one
cent to meet Chronicle bills. Neither advertisements nor subscriptions

liuili »rf *&raB

'■it

1/ ad

.jourXoo

•I or: TO

liffii^ r. , ito£i-i)9t a

I od eeBI ffioiT: aeituss IIjh to Aaoos-x «
. Clltf

were hard to get, and the money from these easily met the printer* 8
hills. There were no others (except for a few engravings), for no
one on the paper received any pay. It was all fun, we thought; it
gave me the finest training I got in college (and I do not mean to
discount at all the inspiring instruction of Flowers, Mlms, 7ew,
Glasson and others). Hall to the Chronicle; may it live on and on
and on, and he the livest thing at DuJfcei^-^

The Class of 1912 published a yearbook, naming it The Chanticleer.
It has been an annual publication ever since — except one year during World War
I, It soon came to be the most opulent of student publications, which
reputation it has maintained for more than 25 years. The editorship and manager-
ship of The Chanticleer are the biggest publication plums accessible to DukB
students; "honest graft" for each is generally considered to aiDount to several
hundred dollars, with more graft available. (Eegalatlons concerning distribu-
tion of profits have been more strict since 1938.) -^nrH the yearbook
published pictures of practically all faculty members. Until y^2^plctures of
graduate students were also published. Since then The Chanticleer has been an
exclusively undergraduate publication. The Issues of 1937, 1938, 1939 and 1940
were given "All-American" rating by the National Scholastic Press Association,
classing the publication as a leader in its field.

The Woman's College was formally established in the Fall of 1930,
with the treuasferring of University offices to the West, or University, caarpus.
One manifestation of the new unity of undergraduate women was The Distaff,
literary monthly published by undergraduates, beginning with March 1931 and con-
tinuing until

^^U. N. Hoffman, Tacoma, Wash. Sketch accoiopanying letter to Ben M. Patrick,
Oct. 24, 1938. News Service files.

Chronicle , Feb, 18, Mar. 18, 1931. Files In Woman's College Library.

tn-^rt-r- -r'^ ■* ^'^ *^** ^^^ '"^

at ?

. infjJsJtJ

j&oe

-xrrflif^if^ ^.fTi.'T'ftortoo pfT0il6lJ<^»H) . liiTvs n^it-, »io« d;tJtw ,si«IXol5 i>9ibai/ii

:- . ■ ...-n-t, .■»■,»-,--. Ma.:;: ^^-.^tf B^^d. a^itcTCT "^c ^r^-^■♦

.:. 3 9I1V .ice I ,81 .^. , . , ^lor-cxiIO"'

The first recorded attentpt of Duke students to publish a humor maga^-
zine was in 1926-27, when a group sponsored "by Tombs proposed The Blue Devil
and, according to The Chronicle of February 16, 1927, signed a contract for
printing. There is, however, no record of publication. Its history was probably

about the same as that of The Duchess, proposed in the Fall of 1928 but dis-

43
coiuraged by the Publications Board before the first issue reached press.

First-year men became more conscious of their unity after September
1935, when Eilgo House was made an exclusively freshman dormitory. Within four
months a grooj^ of first-year men had decided there should be a freshman publi-
cation. This decision was reached by J. Stewart G-illespie, Eobert P. Stewart,

Berkley Schaub and other first-year men on the staff of The Chronicle, because

44
of "differences with John Moorhead, assistant editor." Accordingly, in

January 1934 was published the first issue of The Blue Imp, a 5-page mimeo-

gre^hed "weekly newspaper spotlighting freshman news." It was distributed at

two cents a copy, on Thursdays, for a few weeks.

Meanwhile, within the ranks of Tl^g Blue^Ing, an opposing fresh-
man group developed against the leadership of J. Stewart Gillespie.
Led by Berkley Schaub they instituted a rival 5-page mimeographed
paper — The Duke 'n' Duchess. The price of this publication vaB also
two cents. [The first issue of The Duke 'n' Duchess bore the date
February 2, 1934.]

The spring semester of 1934 saw these two freshman publications
rivalling each other, and, to some extent, The Chronicle, in furnish-
ing the undergraduate body with the latest in news flashes. This
period of journalistic turmoil ended with the x>eriod of final exami-
nations for 1934.

The fall semester of 1934 brought in a new freshman class. The
members of the staffs of The Blue Imp and Duke 'n' Duchess were now

^^Chronicle, Oct. 24, 1928; Nov. 7, 1928.

Jack Stanaton, Class of 1939. Sketch in News Service files. Aug. 19, 1938.

oeailta

,>■ .-••■ :• I "J- •■'•■V axiir

-L^:f -» >^:-.^D*0- , ®^* '^

■■Mi. ii-Iii 3X13 -^1C-.

leJl* yjxau it9>-'t lo Si^-oioJiaoo «io« Oic&om aiw iv^ -r-xri

.5., ^^ 4 ,(r' *•» + -- , . ^-^tI . r^liXr* tS>

> ' C.v. i I,*. J

- aasB

wort --^r-jw ii' ~> •.. •>■""; cr.l ihiUS. <>r;"- '-to c:':, 'j'Js adi *;"

.An^' ,V .- ■ ,J ,-^c .J:. , ■■^'■

f^l. .^/J»^ .,;;^4.J£.», t*:>*vi-w 3-^.

. X ^s^ « TriiV. r f . ^» . -O/J

sophomores with more worldly matters on their hands. But [some members
of] the freshman class ('38), led hy Jack C* Stamaton and Bill
Co\irtney» had Joiirnedistic aspirations. These two freshmen interested
a gro\ip of classmates in presenting the University with its first
humor publication. They sought, and received permission from the
Publications Board to publish two trial issues. Both of these were
to be limited: (1) to a mimeographed peqper; (2) to campus advert ise^
ments; . . . This group decided to call its publication The Blue Imp.

The first copy of the [revived] Blue Inrp, Duke humor magazine,
was published in February 1935, and sold for five cents. There were
22 mimeographed pages of news events. Jokes, cartoons, and other
Illustrations. Color was used on the cover. More than 600 copies
were sold. The Chronicle aided the infant publication by giving much
space to news stories [about it] and writing several editorials and
re views. ^5

While 600 copies of this publication were sold, it was the opinion of the staff
that such a circulation figure could not be maintained without better typographi-
ced presentation. They considered printing, but the cost was more than they cared
to undertake at that time. Too, The Blue Imp seemed as popular with upperclassmen
as with freshmen. Consequently,

In April 1935 the freshman staff published its second issue,
this time calling it the Duke *n' Duchess in an attempt to take the
publication out of the limits oT a freshman periodical and make it
one of more general Interest eunong the students, . . .

The April issue contained 24 mimeographed pages, with additional
colored inks, more eaqjensive grade of paper, and extra cartoons and
Illustrations. This issue was a decided improvement over the first.
Its make-up was styled after the New Yorker magazine. More then 900
copies were sold at five cents a copyl These two Issues were the
only ones allowed by the Publications Board as trial copies.

The following fall [1935] another group in the new freshman
class took over the Duke 'n' Duchess with permission from the Publi-
cations Board to issue additional trial copies. This group was led
by Roosevelt Der Tatevasian and Hilliard Schendorf . This new group
continued the publication in mimeographed style until permission was
granted, by the Board, in 1937, to print the copies. '^^

^^Stamaton, op.clt. ^^Ibld.

?T6rfjr©m *r.!

.:"vtt

,.;:,_! »X:^C

•0 .«•

*-«'.aw»Jtyei

•»■•♦• A ;^q «f(;t

»-p- ? •' r

«n .-t -rr fi ...-■! ' .T r

, roe »i»w .Tof

^ > f

,*«in

'•o

V'^J.T

,ci e*iu Tfii'iv, Cw ,\oUi ,^

But complete recognition of the publication did not come for two years. By
action of the Puljlications Board on May 9, 1939, the Duloe 'n* Duchess became
em official student publication, after five years of probation; it has since
been distributed free to students, and a part of the publications fee paid by
every student (\indergraduate) goes to the publication. The ad-soliciting staff
has been so diligent and successful that The Archive has made a poor showing in

coiaparisdn; and there has been serious talk, among students, of discontlnxilng

47
publication of the literary monthly.

There have been several fly-by-night student publications, perhaps
most of them being in the category of The Duke Independent , a semi-occasional
one-page mimeographed effort of Schendorf , Der Tatevasian & Co. (See Duke 'n'
Duchess) devoted to the support of campus political candidates during the years
1936-39. 7ew of these publications, however, have left any definite record.

l^aternities sometimes publish organs for the benefit of their own
student and alumni members. In this classification are recorded: The Duke Slg,
published by Sigma Chi; The Duke Ducat, by Lambda Chi Alpha; and The Duke Phi,
published by Phi Delta Theta.

Anong other orgeuilzed groups which have had their own publications
are the Cat's Head Club and the Student Volunteer Band. The former published
one issue of The Cat's Meow.*® The Volunteer was a publication of Student Vol-
unteers In North Carolina colleges. The plan was to rotate the editorship among
participating schools; Trinity students edited the publication during 192S-23.'*^

A fairly complete file of Duke 'n' Duchess is in the University Library.

Pertinent newstorles are to be found Tn the Chronicle for Oct. 24, 1928; Nov. 7,

1928, Mar. 21. 1934.

48^

See p. 13, ante.

Chronicle, Mar. 14, 1923.

t ?AO i Xdi/c

•03C ^

■ . I

: ts"--

; ao t

ji, :. ;r)'i4-

, 0 f i.QO .

ui fiy.trj. '

J fit 9(.

-^^:ti-:

.TO i •+:

' .^. ' y. : '.--r^v ;

5.tixil'isJ)

^ 'to nft!*»3lX<fxrq

d:: lC

■J-J (:'■

« •-. -u Oi

;> iC^?'

.i,-:^

.r^t'irff e.'t '^ IHPT v<r 6«»riaild'0q

aiscti&oilduci cvro lietli i^^ svaii uc :

3d;t IjfXB €is.

•O .-^iO'ift.

■■ ;fa ■ -^n ■ .: . ij"-; r^ f=

•If

-J^•S9I

-xoi*-;

A .•

Douglas Corriher, Class of 1937, was actiye in the Southern Peace-
Action Movement during 1935-36, and edited The Peace Agent, a two-page mimeo-
graphed sheet of ahout 500 circulation in Southern colleges. Five or six issues

were published.

Members of Dr. N. I. White's class in English during 1921-22 wrote a
foiir-issue publication titled The Sein Feigner, a typewritten, handbound literary
publication with circulation quite restricted.

A combination newspaper and magazine %ras published by Trinity Park
School students beginning in the Fall of 1901 euad continuing for five years or
more; it bore the name Park School Gazette. It was succeeded by The Trinity
Prep, a semi-occasional publication began in January 1921 and last published on
March 17, 1922. ^^

D. Language Clubs

Grreek and Latin were included in the curriculum begixming with the
early years of Union Institute, The first group for the extrar-curricular study
of classical language euxd literature, however — according to the record — was not
organized until 1910. Columbia £tnd Hesperian literary societies had discussions

^ews Service files. rPiles in Library.

^^ Chronicle, Oct. 9, 1907; Trinity Park School Catalogue , 1902-03, p. 74;
History of The Chronicle, by U. N. HofTi^, in Hews Service files. He refers
to High School Gazette .

^^ Chronicle, Apr. 27, 1910, mentions the Classical Club as the "oldest depart-
mental society," it having been revived in 1909. In the same story it reports an
organization meeting of April 25, 1910, The earliest minutes yet found bear the
date of May 5, 1910. Dr. A. M, Gates, one of the charter members listed in these
minutes, believes that "this date marks the revival, not the birth. ..." See
historical sketch by Dr. Gates in News Service files, dated Nov. 27, 1937.

ST.

lAi^i

Jto» »fiw ,'.

BBfiL. ,' "-TXOO '

TO'-', nci^'

iTi -.-5, .ID

, < ^ T : : *

f.fi-- nci '«''»j8.r.-rL-''u :t.t .■!L-„s.:f cci>-'»i3il'5ua X^rtoi ei^oor-t

'i?J^

s;ci

> J. - J ,

ci^ai-:

ri aei;teioo3 vts-if^JlX ii0.ltieaea2 baa •?

^-.^/^.l J :»

■TLO

t..^««-r, KT rf ear*''"

*►* €til'^ I«>j:'t5*j9.ro "wf^

»> f \ft •■

J. ,- . •

, 9i^S

. .riJ-t.

.v-;^x ,VK ,....,.

■ J V .,' , c. -,

of classical subjects on their programs from the begixming, it is believed; and
since the programs of these societies were s-officiently cos^rehensive to fill
the needs of the early students for extrap-curricular activities, it is reaeoziable
to assume that there was no group analogous to the Classical Club before Trinity
College moved to Durham.

!rhe Classical Club roster, as of May 5, 1910, bears the names of seven
undergraduates and three faculty members; J, N. Aiken, *12; F. S. Bennett, '12;
W. G. Gaston, '11; C. M. Hutchings, '11; £. J. Londow, '12; A. M. Proctor, '10;
C. S. Warren, '10; A. M, Gates, W. P. Gill, and A. H. Merritt. The club is and
has been coniposed only of men students and members of the faculty who are interested
in the study of Greek and Latin. Papers dealing with classical subjects are read
and discussed at bi-monthly meetings; several of these are deposited in the Uni-
versity Library. The membership badge is a rectangular silver key, the obverse
of which represents in profile the head of a helmetted Greek warrior. The sil-
houette stands out from a pebbly background, enclosed in a neat, plain framework.
The reverse bears the legend, "Classical Club D U 1910," followed by the member's
name.

Dr. Gates states that "in the Pall of 1916 a group of young women
students of Trinity College who were interested in classical subjects decided —

since membership in the local Classical Club was limited to men — to form a

55
classical organization of their own." The group adopted the name Parthenon

Club. Miss Kate G. Umstead was the first president. The groijp was active

through 1923-24. After an interval of three years, the Forum Club was organized

Gates, op.cit.

^^Gates, op.cit.

r : • • r *

0P.19W6cs

i.tio: 1 ..>;■-.: :•■ ^- ■■

3 Usoires-^io ^.i. f.Sv

.^/.rvfo

SBV etoriJ c

(

■• t ■ ' ' " •

Tln»

'■ '.Xi

• ' ■

^ v.^r'ta *nr f?i

. J J :•?;!» '^^jJIs,'.

■*-

^ qldfiterfffip

.ij'jiJioJ.a xii^t^s

■^rij '?I£'*:6'r'

■ £0

i »aar 8-z«aci •& lavs'* adX

t i•■••

(in the Fall of 1927), and has continued its active cultural Influence among
women students. Like the Parthenon Club, its membership is restricted to women;
though it has occasional Joint progreuns with the Classical Club.

Student organizations for the study of French language and literature
haye adopted at least seven different names since the first group was organized
in 1911. The names and years of activity: Societe Franpaise, 1911-20; Cercle
Francais, 1920-?; French Club, 1920-38; French Club, Advanced, 1925-?; French

Club, Women's, Dec. 3, 1931-7; Salon Fran9al8e, 1935-37; and Tau Psl Omega, Oct.

57
1938- . From the time of the or^mlzation of the Women's French Club in 1931

through 1933-34, the men's and women's clubs had separate programs; with this
exception the organizations may be considered as one (almost) continuous asso-
ciation, with an occasional cheuage of name. Tau Psl Omega in 1938 succeeded
the French Club and has since been the only eztrar-currlcular organization devoted
to the study of French language and literature. Beginning in 1934-35, under the
Isadership of Mr. and Mrs. Neal Dow, the French Club and the French Division of
the Department of Romance Languages presented annual public performances of well-
known French dramas; this project has been continued by Tau Psl Omega. Other
than this, the activities of nearly all groups In this classification have been
confined to meetings for the study of French literary works and the practice of
conversational French.

While the Classical Club has been mentioned as the "oldest departmentcLL
society, " information on the German Club is available for an earlier date than

^°Ruth Kellcher. Historlcja sketch in Hews Service files. May 1938.

Chronicle , 1911-20, passim; Apr, 8, 1925; Dec. 9, 1931; 1935-37, passim;

Oct. 14, 1938. Alumni Register, Apr. 1920, p. 36.

; • iOTC 9jai»:'-r93 bmi a<fi;Xo .: 'nasi.;-'' ijfiA a 'asm ©xli ,^-^-

V - ittL's-sT^za vXao axii naso sonia eari bam t -^t^ Bdt

,-.;■- " ^-^."c ; ■-f-•^■■.f■^ , ";•''?.'■ •j-p.-r^.'^i: r ;.■ -■ ..•rx=./. drrr-?i^'' ^«^ y^.v.'t?* exf* o^

io aoxaiviC rioivo-i'. sii; U-^ ui/IC aciicvTf: at? ,v-o_ -i:5... .s-:m ^n^ .^t: xt/ ^xdsi»Lae£

,. ,,,ra,*, ^_.. .c,,,,-', • .c-r:ifr*o-j a3scf s-rf *c- -'.Gtr. slr':^ j s-'frn^.-f- r'ofi**'!'! awoiiif

lo 9oiJosiq erf* boa eaCrtoi* '^aieJil xlcrte^cT Ic y,liif& ^rf* lol 3.;rri^«»9a! o;^ L'-nl'tncr

-tr.r^-sT^ X£.xiol;tS8t©vfloo

rusrl;t tiJib •:&iXiss cjb ioi i. a eliavA si cfidO rfmi^J^ axiJ tfo aoi*J»..-'Tc'ifll '•,'^Jsiooe

(

that of the eetrllest extant Classical Club records. The Archive for February
1891 (page 84) mentions a German Club, and revivals of this organization are
recorded In the 1929 Chanticleer and The Chronicle for April 7 and 21, 1936.
Between these dates are recorded the organization of three other groups; Deutscher
7ereln, local; Gamma Delta, local honorary; emd Delta Phi Alpha, national honorary.
Deutscher Vereln (founded Oct, 22, 1909) was evidently kept alive (for about
seven or eight years) almost entirely through the Interest of facoilty members.

The German Club, revived In 1929, suffered another almaost Immediate relapse, and

59
was revived In January 1930 as Gamma Delta, with the purpose of petitioning

Delta Phi Alpha. A charter was granted May 25, 1931, and the group was Installed

fin
the following Autumn as Omlcron chapter of the national society. On ^rll 16,

1936, a new German Club was organized as a subsidiary of Delta Phi Alpha. The

German Club now acc^ts as member any student with an active Interest In German

language and literature, while Delta Phi Alpha's membership Includes only those

students who have evidenced exceptional ability and Interest in Germanic studies.

The group has sponsored the showing of a few German motion pictiires, but with

this exception its program has been of a private natture. It has shown no active

Byiqjathy for Germany's Nazi government.

61
A Spanish Club was organized in the Autumn of 1923 and was more or

less active until 1936 when, on May 17, it beceuoae Alpha Theta chapter of Sigma

Delta Pi, national honorary. ^^ Dr. 0. K. Lundeberg was Instrumental in the

^^ Chronicle, Oct, 27, 1909,

"^Chronicle, Jan, 15, 1930.

^Q Chronicle, May 27, 1931. ^^Chronicle, Dec. 10, 1924.

^^Chronicle. May 19, 1936. Sketch by Bill J. Williams in News Service files,
dated Nov, 8, 1937.

•. ., i-T -- .- i-'>ci ,^n«cr s-.':^-o ; , - ?

♦ ' - -

,:;r„. ^ , -.^-t) wqI 8 "ic ^al -Toda cs' -JBrf qi/of^ aril'

asw baa "^^SSei to amiak 9di 3»¥ cft'IC dslat.

T-; Tfoni

'3ii«j ul i-ii'' 0a,aij'«, »J1 (w •1-

0 a orl I su 0 J. J i . li , H -1 i 1 9 G

Inetfldlation of the chapter and was its first fa^nilty adviser. The group's pro-
gram Includes regular meetings to encourage the study of Spanish history and
literature and tise of the language, and an annual (since 1936) puhlic Hesta of
music, drama, declamations, and other entertainment. Since 1938 there has heen
a subsidiary Spanish Club of elementary students.

A Graduate English Club organized by students in the Department of

English was active in 1939-30 — three years after the establishment of the

Grad.uate School of Arts and Sciences. It was evidently formed prior to May 30,

64
1928, when Omicron Beta chapter of Sigma Tau Delta, national professional

65
English fraternity, was established. The English Club has not had a lengthy

continuous existence, but has been reorganized two or three times since 1930,

66
the last time on November 15, 1940.

In 1879 the German linguist Johann Martin Schleyer proposed as an

international language his recently- invented pasigraphy, Volapuk, By April of

1891 the proposal had reached Randolph County with such force as to initiate

a Tolapuk Club at Trinity, ^"^ but the babbling infant organization evidently did

not survive the trip to Durham the following year. The Archive stated this to

be the first Volapuk Club in Horth Carolina.

^^Chronicle, Mar 19, 1930.
°*See also Chapter 711 I.
""Chronicle, May 23, 1928.
""Chronicle, Nov. 19, 1940.
^ "^Archive, May 1891, p. 133.

assd" ajsii ui

i a W aJ Si '^

J , ... . J-rt iJ-tSt< li.-i

t^ -^3

jiUi s-ii-ov: :->T' —

■^.->- '-.■^rN^.i

.;,: rjT

J.QC':;'-

•V* ^o4^.-p/'f5 »,*«P <*■

OS 3JB uasc
to J.. .jUrcpBloV .TJf

^:- :• ^ :+ * ■ T ? ri* 5K 'J'^ •'■'it J^^

■.«.... , -

'? 11/ '.1.1 J ii '

I. <■

SOSTt 5-Wt Sc

•iji'iiai i^co

-jrfi 188 1

I'r', -F

v' aui B/^.\"lL^ - ■:

nl tfi' -loV :?3tlt «I* eo

.iilV 'l<=>^'-,*i.i«

.- W"

,1^31 i/^-i ,9vJ:::'

<r-:

Chapter III
CIVIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS

A. St-adent Government, Men's

The beginnings of student government at Duke date from 1910, the year
Dean William Preston Few was elevated to the presidency. Self-government of
students was not enthusiastically encouraged during President Kllgo's admini-
stration. Such Infractions as are now handled by the men's and women's student
goverzunents (which function constitutes a major duty of each) often received
"Dr. Jack's" personal attention, and the res\ilt was occasionally the termination
of an unruly undergraduate's career at Trinity, Youiig Dean Jew enjoyed greater
popularity with the more liberal and lively element in the student body than
did President Ellgo. This perhaps accounts to some extent for the fa^t that the
Greater Trinity Club, antecedent of the Men's [Student Government] Association
of Trinity College, was founded in June 1910, the month Dr. Pew was elected to
succeed Dr. Ellgo. This organization, -vdiich became the Greater Duke Club in
1924-25, was formed "to back every worthy interest of the college, to make
Trinity known and loved." While it did not serve as a governing body, the Club

^Chronicle , June 8, 1910, p. 5. See also, Chronicle , June 7, 1927.

OIVIO

o;» X>6*ooI - ,0X^1 anxri. at betavol

, iolaoidZ ,csl3 9&? .".rr .'^lei Z:^ sauX. .eJclrrotrfO

did lay the foundations for studdat government by seeking to enlist the interest
of the entire student "body in problems and programs affecting the whole comm\inity.
It was primarily, however, a boosters' club, with a chamber-of-commerce sort of
program. The Greater Duke Club amalgamated with the Men's Association early in
the Fall of 1927.

Immediate antecedent of student government was the Student Life Com-
mittee, 1921-22, formed at the suggestion of Dean Wannamaker (see Chanticleer,
1921, 1922), This Committee, working through the Class of 1922, brought into
being the Men's Association of Trinity College on May 9, 1922. (\fhile the
official title is Men's Association of Trinity College, it is generally r ef erred
to as Student Government Association — in newspaper style, SGA.) The Men's
Association has concerned itself with such matters as: the holding (weekly when-
ever there is a docket) of "rat coiirt," the sponsoring of one or two dances a
year, presenting student petitions for extended vacations and other privileges,
officially representing the student body on state occasions and at regional
gatherings of collegians. It is encouraged to exercise as much disciplinary'-
control over the life of undergraduate men as it can exercise effectively, and
only major charges of misconduct are handled by the Dean. Verbal reports of
student government officers over a period of ten years indicate that not more
than three percent of undergraduate men have been called before the Council on
charges of misconduct. "The penalty for conviction of major offences shall be
expTilsion, save in mitigating circumstances," according to Section 4, Article
V, of the Constitution (as revised and ratified February 9, 1939); but the
Co-uncil's power is limited to recommending expulsion to the Dean. The recom-
mendations of the CoToncil are nearly always followed. The Constitution

^Chronicle, Mar. 9, 1921; Apr, 6, 1921; May 10, 1922.

»;:7 '.v^i'^T ;:.•■.■-

■^-r.-- ' ■■••5'

,T -_...-f^ ?■•* >? ;•

9i'.t •to^'/T loi^.-zco

' V iiJ. ^--1 .

cfireo*:?- oor,'ft Tr.

.9 .-s^jlL ;X-:

makes no epetific dletlnction between major and minor offenses, and the only
offenses listed in the By-Laws are: "gambling and dznonkenness and other conduct
that is unbecoming a gentleman," and "carelessly incurring debts."*'

Dancing is the most generally accepted synonym for "social program"
on college campuses nowadays. The Men's Association has felt responsible for
having a social program for about a decade. It usually sponsors one or two
dances for freshmen only, and since 1933 has given an annual Victory Ball in
honor of the football squad, and a yearly Inaugural Ball since about 1930. The
Association's revenue has been derived chiefly from the sale of freshman caps
(dinks), upperclass students feeling little obligation to pay dues. Caps have
been worn by first-year men since K30. Among other activities of the Associ-
ation have been: instituting and occasional revival of "the honor system";
"cooperation conferences" with student government representatives of the Univer-
sity of North Carolina, usually dtiring football season; conferences with the Union
Manager for the purpose of improving dining hall service; establishing "dating
bureaux"; raising funds for disaster victims, in cooperation with such agencies
as the Red Cross; petitioning for changes in library hotirs, vacation schedules,
examination dates; agitation for a Eecreation Center.

The form and function of the Men's Association have changed periodically
but not radically in the two decades of its existence. The original Constitution
has been revised three times; May 26, 1931; March 8, 1934; and February 9, 1939,
For eight years prior to 1931 the officers of the Association were President,
Vice-President, and Secretary-Treasurer, elected for these particxilar offices in

Constitution of the Men's Association of Trinity College, in The Duke Handbook,
No. 15 (1940-41) , pp. 47- 51. By-Laws dealing with specific offenses have become more
and more vague and general. In the original (1922) Constitution such things as
playing musical instruments after 11 o'clock at night, shooting fireworks, cheating
and lying, and mutilation of university property were proscribed.

-.^-.M^r -trci^m ^/rft toUfrr n'?fl-^*ao noiioD.n?il :-ni6s;

:):^(AJai

-:,:.■> ;. ^ r

., -, . , . .^■vr^.^i .. r. .,. ,ib.0:- :r.:-'--.." ^:itcio^M

,i.V«>feX JwOv- >wi».«.o 4»..~— ^ji^cv- '^- ,- • .

..,r.,,^ .,-,.-. .:^c,ir?: ^.,,. r- ■Yc.i^.f,: ^Xdc ^liixl ?<^tl?*©^ »li.3i>irJs saalu^i^CiqiJ .(jaLolL)

.-seJaeO act ^ i je^v^I. .loIi^ifuisaLf

y,i-.:c -S-Xj-i/i JIB:, 3-;^;'j :o l -.•

•j-'.ii- ,-Xt**ju^-?«>i-i:"-'.'/i--*-dio»i cc^ , :'• roT f--: ■•-r"-'?'

»T

.JiOOc

ai .-

.oh

oio'o IX

general student balloting. IThe Student Council (seml-leglelatlve, executive,
and Judicial all in one) consisted of the President, tvo additional seniors » two
Juniors, one sophomore, one graduate student, and one faculty member (without
▼ote). The 1931 revision eliminated graduate and faculty representation, added
as officers of the Association: two student members of the Council on Student
Publications (Publications Board), the student membership of ^ich was elected
by the Junior classes and the Councils of the Men's and Women's Associations;
and the Cheerleader (u8\xally elected by acclamation in student assembly, after
having voliinteered) . It also created a House of Hepresentatives, subordinate
to the Student Council; the House membership consisting of the Vice-President
emd the six students having the greatest number of votes in the general ballot-
ing. The House was given "Jurisdiction over such cases as [were] delegated to
it by the Student Council," and its only practical function was an attempt to
curb unruly conduct in the dormitories. The revised Constitution also gave the
House of Hepresentatives '*power to enforce its legislation by some organization
deemed suitable by that body," but it soon proved unable to do much enforcing.
The need for discipline in dormitories thus Ineffectively met, the Administra-
tion was prompted to Inaugurate more strict supervisory measures, which in turn
helped to bring about another revision of the Constitution, which was ratified
March 8, 1934.

This revision was one of several results of the student agitation of
1934

1933-34, a natural consequence of the institution's expansion. In the
Revolt^

eight years following the founding of the University in 1934-25 the

student body had increased from less than 1,200 to nearly 3,000, and the under-

*Source of most information in this section is the printed report of CIRSA
and Chronicle clippings assembled in the files of the University News Service.

p w -• < -^■

_^^j J 9il;t ai 29iov l:o - ^8=».ti>--rs* 8f{;f -^ntv^ri s^^caiwiia >£b eiij x>iUi

." , J 1101 .

' 1J—-L—.
-f^^.-irr ^rf. , - ' ^,1 nfid* ssel moil xjaa^atoal bftri ^irJc

..,.--:^

graduate men's division had doubled (790 to I486). Both in number and proportion,
the influx of students from private preparatory schools and large (northern and
north central) high schools had increased considerably "by 1933-34, and it was
natural that advanced ideas about student freedom shoiild find expression at Duke.
It was to have been expected, also, that powers of self-government granted to a
few hundred students from small, second-rate high schools would he deemed re-
strictive by students coming from more advanced preparatory institutions. The
more unfettered and self-reliant element in college is usTially to he found in
the social fraternities. It was at a meeting of the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic
Council in Fehruary 1934 that this segment of the student body first gave loud
expression to its desire for less strict oversight in extra-cTirricular phases
(©f college life. This protest soon developed into what was kno\«i at the time
as a "student revolt , "

While expansion of the institution may thus he regarded as the chief
factor in the background of the "student revolt," there were others worth men-
tioning: the "Depression" was still a popular topic of conversation on and off
caiapuses, and "griping" was the order of the day; the Class of 1934 was the
first freshman class (of men) to live on the new University Canrpus; 1933 saw
the inauguration of the "New Deal" in Federal government; Justin Miller was
Dean of the School of Law, Ernest Seeman v/as head of the Duke University P^ess,
and there were other "liberals" on the faculty — who left within a year or two;
fiichard Austin Smith was aggressive editor of The Archive , L. H, Edmondson the
adventurous head of The Chronicle, Joe Shackford the honest President of SGA,
Pranklin D, Roosevelt had recently been inaugurated as President of the
United States (for the first time), and one of the first pieces of "Hew Deal"
legislation was that making the sale of light wines and beer legal throughout
the nation. It was nattxral that this should have a direct effect upon the

. , . . . ^

,9'txX 6^eIXoo Ic

ujj::o-,

Institution. Thirsty Duke students have found it convenient to frequent The
Tavern of the Washington Duke Hotel, The Goody Shop, and other more-or-lees
"wet spots" in and around Durham. Before the sale of hard liquors was legalized
in Horth Carolina, in 1935, those with automobiles and dry throats occasionally
went to South Boston and other southern Virginia towns to get legal liquor, or —
perhaps less frequently — to Owlshoro (Durham County's Lehanon Township) to get
bootleg homemade spirits. Since not all thirsty collegians coiild conveniently
travel to these far oases, there began to develop a small campus traffic in
booze. Dormitory matrons, maids. Janitors, and the campus police were instruc-
ted to help discourage this illicit business by reporting to higher authorities
the presence of intoxicants in the dormitories. All such employees had keys to
students' closets as well as bedrooms. Whether from cxiriosity, natural diligence
in duty, or their own weakness for wet goods, these workers began to be quite
cooperative in reporting small caches of drink. So cooperative were they in
this respect that a number of both undergraduate and graduate men were given
inconvenience and embarrassment and calls from the Dean. Thus arose one of the
several complaints aired diiring the Spring of 1934.

At the Men's Junior Class meeting of October 9, 1933 (in the Biology
Building) there was proposed a Student Eelatione Committee, with the broad gen-
eraH purpose of obtainizig more freedom of action for undergraduates. Such a
committee was organized diiring the ensuing month. It was perhaps the formation
of this committee which inspired some one in the University community to write

^Chronicle. Oct. 11, 1933.

g
Chronicle, Nov, 15, 1933, gave the membership of the Student Relations Com-
aittee as follows: Seniors Joe Shackford, Lou Ganz, Jim Otis and Jake Sullivan;
Juniors Dick Smith, L. H. Edmondson, Martin Williams and Al Heichman; Sophomores
Alexander Deemer and Julian Ewell; Preshmen Wade Marr and Alexander Copeland.

vii^.^ic35oo a*3o-it{* ^ic £as -3«.Iiaofflo*x;a rlctiw aaod^ .356i c:i .Baiio-uiZ dizo\. lU

01 Hi

.i il '-. J v' "i

noi *«n!if

,olotac': \'.j '

a eatirical but not subtle little piece of drama titled "The Vision of King
Faucus." This was distributed (throTigh the mails) early in November of 1933,
and afforded some amusement throughout the community, but apparently none for
the principals of the playlet — chief University officers.

During the period between semesters, Kappa Alpha fraternity invited
some freshmen to a dance. This was in violation of a fraternity Panr-Hellenic
Council ruling, and the offending chapter was "tried" and heavily fined. The
Council's decision was declared void by Dean Wannamaker. Whereupon, on the night
of February 6, 1934, there was a meeting "precipitated by the intervention of the
administration in a Fan-Hellenic matter. Infuriated by what was declared the
''monarchy" ofi the administration, men representing social and honorary frater-
nities, publications, student government, and other student activities gathered
in one of the dormitories and drew up a 'bill of grievances' for submission to
the administration." A student mass meeting was held in the University Grymnaslum
and the next student assembly was given over to reading and discussion of the
'bill of grievances,' and there was named a Committee for Investigation and Recom-
mendation on Student Affairs (CIHSA), which made a report to the student body
one month later. The committee was composed of: Edwin B. Abbott, Jack W. Dunlap,
L. H. Edmondson, John M. Hamrick, Horace J. Hendrickson, James 0. Otis, Jr., Dr.
Christopher Roberts, Joseph T, Shackford, Richard A. Smith, Jake W. Sullivan,
Coach Wallace Wade, and Dr. Newman Ivey V/hite. There was some intimation, in
North Carolina newspapers and in street-corner conferences, that the students'
grievances had outside inspiration, but the Committee was "firmly convinced that
the student movement was not instigated or influenced by parties outside the
student body. "

7
Chronicle, Feb. 7, 1934.

,j;>:J. -t

)ln-:»IIsn-n?5i y..*Jtaia?.v't^i fi "^-.c uoxC:..Ci'/ iXi Sf

f'i.-; f^:

.ta ..tL ,9x;tO .0 esmel , . -- sostv:' ^T-ci-ffit

ro^it.::

■.■j-:i&3iie at baa e- ^alia ..j :
9l;is.ix;c :iSX' ■;iir:x tc c^jk,.,.. - •• ■ •

,<" ,69% ,©.

Revision of the Men's Association Constitution was one of six major
recommendations of CIHSA. Other recommendations concerned: (l) the fining
system, dormitory regulations, and University police; (2) student publications;
(3) Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council; (4) University Dining Halls, West Caiopus;
and (5) University stores. Publications and fraternities are mentioned in other
chapters; other items are briefly reviewed here.

The chief proposal for chazige in the Men's Association concerned the
House of Representatives. Many students thought that a larger House would mean
more freedom for them, less strict supervision by the University authorities. It
was proposed to have '*one representative from each dormitory house of Trinity
College, including Epworth and Southgate Halls, to be appointed by the Student
Coxmcil at the beginning of each academic year," making a total of some thirty
representatives. The enlarged House of Representatives was to be set up only
in the absence of a dormitory proctor system, proctors to be "unmarried members
of the faculty or students of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences." A
modification of the proctor plan had been instituted for freshmen in September
1933, when Kilgo House was made an exclusively freshman dormitory. This left
only four of the upperclass undergraduate dormitory sections for non-fraternity
men (though some non-fraternity men were housed in fraternity sections). All
fraternities being represented on the Pan-Hellenic Council, the duties of which
had become somewhat related to those of the Men's Association, there was no real
need for such a House of Representatives, as was decided after one year.

Student discipline, CIRSA concluded, was not a proper ftinction of the
University Police, nor was it proper for Negro servants to be used as informers
(i.e., maids and janitors should not report improprieties they noticed in the
dormitories). Damages to University property should be assessed by a Committee
of Inspection contposed of the Superintendent of Buildings, the University Hostess,

Ti.

Jtu-.V'ioa c ■ 'ion eSO-tJ-O- ^c^xp'i ■''^

md th0 President of the Men's Association, this committee to inspect every room
for the pxirpoee of assessing damages twice each semester. Dormitory discipline
was to be encouraged hy a proctor system, proctors to he appointed hy the Dean
of the University. (Proctors were not appointed, and the House of Representatives
was enlarged — for one year.) Unorganized athletic activities should he permitted
on Sunday afternoons, CIBSA also concluded.

Since their opening in 1930 the University Dining Halls (West Caucus)
had provided a favorite cud for students to chew in bull sessions. (Complaints
have been rare concerning Woman's College Union, where prices are higher and
service different.) The next most popular "gripe" has been the University Stores.
3oth are monopolies and both (according to student opinion) have been operated
as purely commercial enterprises, with profit the primary object; both are gen-
erally thought to realize considerable net profits. CIE^ recommended that
financial statements of both departments be published annually in !Che Chronicle.
(This was one of the recommendations not carried out.) It was also recommended
that the Men's Association each year appoint a committee to "receive and investi-
gate complaints concerning the dining halls," and that another committee be
appointed to investigate "the feasibility of forming a Student and Paculty Co-
operative Society for the purpose of running the University Stores co-operatively."
(These were among other recommendations soon forgotten.)

Study emd observation of student life suggests the conclusion that not
1939

more than two or three times in a decade does a class, as a whole,
Revision

distinguish itself for civic enterprise. Such distinction, the oppor-

txinlty for such a group to so distinguish itself, results from a combination of

In addition to sources already cited. Time, Peb. 19, 1934. The entire
1933-S4 volume of The Chronicle is evidence of wide-awake student leadership.

••'-, «,'.'•. Hr- ^^-t'l.":-- ,7Citr' ""^aJIc ■o.rtl'r.f^-'>i':"5 '♦•t-^'T 3«©d" «v,sa

- j-r. 7^- c r-» -^ 'Ti'«T,~--f«^^ -ji0

..-.Iciaoii-'. ^'flT at vj.< ^*otf ^0 s:»fleffi©^A;J8 iBiooJUii'i

'to not*' r , ot n^tiTiyCiiietb ce oi cxct? a dora lot ^*i:xu;*

-see I

conditions. This, together with — but perhaps more than — the personal character-
istics of its leaders, e^q^lains the prominence of the Class of 1939, which in
several respects (and especially in regard to self-government) was the most out-
standing class since 1934. The 1938-39 student government was to a large degree
perfunctory, or so it seemed to most undergradiiate men. Its outstanding project
was the fostering of student interest in a proposed recreation Milding, intended
game rooms in the Union Building having been diverted to more -urgent ^:^es. Chief
complaint of student civic leaders ( spairk-plugged by The Chronicle) was "politics."

An outgrowth of the 1933^34 "revolt" had been revision of the system of election

9
of members and officers of the Fraternity Fan-Hellenic Council, in 1936-37.

Thus "politics" had been "eliminated" from the "Pan-Hel"; the Y. M, C. A. had
taken the cure in 1936-37 also. Now it was time for the Men's Association.

The terms government and politics are very closely related on American
college campuses as well as in the broader political sphere, and the unsavory
inflection and cozmotation of the latter term had come to be almost as notice-
able on the Duke campuses as at a typical rally of Young Democrats. The strong-
est and best qualified students were seldom elected to the top positions. They
weren't even candidates; they ran the machine. One of the least succulent
political plums within reach of a Duke undergraduate man was the presidency of
the Men's Association, There was no salary; though, as in all political jobs,
there was opportunity for graft, "honest" and otherwise. Altruistic aspirants
to the position— some of them had been elected— became candidates because of the
honor; practical, materially-minded candidates considered the "honorarium."

^This legislation was known as "The Oillander Act," after Robert C. Oillander,
Sigma Chi, who proposed the change. See also Chapter VII; Chronicle, Mar, 9, 1937.

See Chapter IV.

<—rt

■- ilv

(1 ;. ( 1 ,

,,-) ■'

\ .T,-.

-tiPS r

.^ 'to «oxo

& (ji

!C eil

« :ft (

VT- n- ■■'

S £f

•Oi-. CCJ

^i afl

-T x6 h

1.-^ .■ : -J

<-:^;f <?,.-»

i^i^xf ,'1 .0 .:. .T er{* ;"X^ -

..( .sad- ^. ■-' rtoin Sc^c

r-^'.

• .';i.. £■"}*■- i:i.'..ij.

'C-

r ,'t'

'.trt£5^*t'^r»"-^ **»* •f^'."

'' ed*

'<aoo :-

• ,7-viI..'^iT:^;J(5jt .X^JoiJo^To jionoj

X ,£ .IBM ,e

■• ^- 4.<v^ « A^ i ff-' .^r r <■

(The past tense is used because reference is to the period before student govern-
ment "politics were cleaned xip." The transformation was only two years ago, and
it seems early to draw conclusions; but there is already some evidence that the
present tense could as well be used throughout this paragraph.) From a close
observation of the Men*s Association during the last decade, it is concluded that
the "practical" sort of candidates have not been successfxil much more than half
the time. It is likely that few of the candidates in either category have realized
beforehand the amount of effort required in fulfilling the duties of office.

During the last decade there have been two strong opposing factions at
election time. These have been known as the Blue Combine and the White Combine,
named for the institution's official colors. A combine is a group of organiza-
tions, usually fraternities. The fraternities almost invariably vote in blocks,
no good Hu Pi Beta voting differently from his brothers. As in the political
life of the wide world, there are seldom as many distinct differences between the
programs of the opposing combines as their speakers and writers try to show the
student body. For several years prior to 1939, it was unusual for more than half
of the student body to vote; 60 percent voted that year, and there has been some
increase. No fraternity has been known to refuse to x)articipate in combine
activities. Membership in a fraternity is usually prerequisite to successful
ceindidacy for elective office of political importance. Only rarely has an inde-
pendent candidate been successful.

In 1937 there was an Independent Party, composed chiefly of first-year
and second-year men, who found it more profitable to join a combine the following
year. The term combine becoming increasingly opprobrious, the White Combine of
1937-38 began the campaign by calling itself the White Party, but the old familiar
name came back before election. There was an Independent Party again in 1939, and
its candidates were unsucceesf \il .

0 ^ r JT*^ ■?? iV

«aii9^ :rfls««-r

r*-vi:

.-.-fr-

-i .-.r-r..rr> .-,■•,•* r,-\-a':;i'rO'tft'J

J' '^i^'i-y'- .■ii:i^■'■: :,v-ri . r---- <. .-:t rr'--'; t., ja-*-.! ' 1

oC s.-'trnf -r^'-

. 98 9^^ ,tr.£'' i:).tiotd9

:^ BZ9it't\t tan -■-■ i e« ■ t^ =*'"^ *C' S'-'iSiai'

:I.id asr^-' 'jr-m tc"? rfrmrrrr >?9*' *t .P*i6I e:>' -rrtTr flt-««y; latov- . ^a

oJ e

z,J.':::&ii\r.-

" »<»" _! ■<•("

•;i2i 3<<itf?c ^1 ><."i&;^ diil .xs»»{,

The 1939 change in the Constitution of the Men's Association was
"brought BiboMt in practically the same manner as the "elimination of politics*'
in the Y. M. C. A. and the Pan-Hellenic Council. Departing somewhat from the
usual custom of candidates for the position, Richard (^. Lewis, successful Blue
candidate for head of student goyerzunent in 1938-39, had made some definite cam-
paign promises regarding reforms in Men's Association elections and election
campaigns. The unsuccessfxil White Combine had strong leadership, and decided
to see that the SGA kept its campaign promises. This decision resulted in one
of the most interesting years of the decade, from the standpoint of student poli-
tics. Almost immediately after his induction, President Lewis called a Constitu-
tional Convention at undergraduate assembly on May 5, 1938, at which amendments
were passed providing universal suffrage (payment of dues had been prerequisite
to voting) and cancelling the nomination of any candidate "if the Council finds
the candidate guilty of being backed for office by a combine as hereinunder
defined: A combine is any combination of organizations or any group of men
organized for the purpose of backing any candidate for a Men's Student Govern-
ment Association position by means of reciprocal voting." The student body was
evidently in favor of these changes, but the White Combine leaders Interpreted
it as merely a side-tracking tactic, since several other campaign promises were
not mentioned. Chronicle Editor Roosevelt Der Tatevaslan, a chief supporter of
unsuccessfiil White candidate Garfield Miller against Lewis, vigorously supported
the Southgate (Engineering) students in their attempt to place a representative
on the Student Council. This had been a Blue campaign promise, but when a vote
on the issue was forced in the Pall of 1938, Southgate was refused representation.
This gave Editor Der Tatevaslan, the Engineers, and their supporters the excuse
they wanted to put SGA on the griddle. Nearly four months of prodding resulted
in the revised Constitution of February 9, 1939.

osr'B ,^i*J^I .p fct

: io ocJei/o

- to

;t r, -^^l:

ad«(S lo (yt/o-JS; 'vX"> 10 3^ci^^«. in

U J «>>M

.?r/.?

-> ^ri*

•.- 2i 3.xic

<^-rr ^ ■

lo^f r•^f■

■. ""r^ /

r:ot;t^.lr;<^-?*A :trT*ff

s« H

. fc?!frc.t^n

0 flJii.;. ij[;i;^'yv^33-y.ii

;-il5 aXJ.

■^'.f-f.. >v-'> nft ;

:,'J 30

^^iis:

.edSi

The 1934 Constitution was definitely out of date,Bome of its provisions
having been ohserved only in the breach — which condition, incidentally, has
obtained with reference to seversd provisions of the 1939 Instruinent. The
adoption of the new Constitution was reported for the Durham Morning Herald of
Pebruaiy 10, 1939, as follows:

Fewer than six percent of the members of the Men's Student Govern-
ment association of Trinity college (composed of all undergraduate men
at Duke university) last night adopted a new constitution for self-
government. The instrument was drafted by three members of the student
government coiincil, with the aid of Dr. Robert S, Rankin, of the politi-
cal science department. It was adopted by sicclamation on a motion by
Roosevelt Der Tatevasian, at a constitutional convention in Page audi-
torium, attended by 83 students and presided over by Richard C^. Lewis,
president of the association.

The drafting committee was cos^osed of E. T. Baker, III, senior

of Baltimore, Md., Ted Brown, Jackson Heights, N. Y. senior, and John

L. Shinn, Junior of Sylacatiga, Ala. Among the chief provisions of the
revised constitution are the following;

"All candidates whose petitions are accepted x x x will be
obliged to pass an examination on the Constitution x x x and general
parliajnentairj'- law." Sxaminations are to be given by a committee com-
posed of facility members in the department of political science and
the School of Law.

Barnes of candidates for office will be announced only one day
before election [registration] date.

"Election for executive offices on the Student Co\incll shall be
conducted under the preferential system," Thus, the candidate receiv-
ing the highest number of votes will be declared president; the can-
didate receiving the second highest number, vice-president; the can-
didate receiving the third highest number, secretary-treasurer.

The adoption of the preferential system of balloting is expected
to "make it difficult for fraternities to bargain for top student
government offices" and to help "eliminate politics" from elections.
It is aimed specifically at the suppression of fraternity "combines."

For several years fraternities have been the controlling groups
in student government elections, and have been almost as potent in
class, publications, Y. M. C. A. and other elections. "Politics" was
eliminated from Y. M. C. A. elections three years ago by a one-day
eimouncefflent provision like that in the student government instrument
adopted last night, and provision for nomination of candidates in a
manner somewhat similar to that under the new constitution.

vr re •"^r*^ '^.

=0 ct Syr" * waai^j.'o'o

. T <■«','? '

.■tfl«m

v;a

Jl .-

•ii'

.xiottsiooa:

i J.V/ i^«lC X >• ^ V 0 1<l

<c^rrj;5^'V««r6 '»rrr

-xoo

i:ii:x.x'-,. 10 j.i-i.--j

< ^ -I- r

-vj;
-itao en. "

-aao A

•A .'

.nct^xsm-

■•is ji,'

The revised instrument provides for the exercise of executive,
legislative ajad Judicial powers over \indergrad\iate men. The student
organization differs from traditional democratic government, however,
in that hoth legislative and Judicial matters are handled hy the
coTincil, of which the executive officers are also members. Other
council members are elected as follows: two from both Junior and
senior classes, one from the sophomore class, one from the student
body of the Division of Engineering.

Prior to 1934 a House of Representatives, composed of one re-
presentative from each undergraduate dormitory, shared legislative and
executive duties with the student council. These representatives also
served as proctors in their respective dormitories, a function discon-
tinued with the setting apart of dormitories for freshmen.

The Judicial function of the council (of which each of the nine
student government officials is a member) consists primarily in hold-
ing occasional trials of minor offenses; major infractions are sub-
ject to review and action by university officials.

A provision adopted last night which will greatly increase the
council's legislative function is that giving the council "authority
to investigate the affaire of any men's student campus club or organi-
zation for the ptirpose of recommending needed changes or reorganization
X X X or for the purpose of recommending to the administration the dis-
solution of that club or organization, x x x Social fraternities are
exempted from this authority since they are secret organizations and
are governed directly by the Pan-Hellenic covmcil."

Changes in the instrument closely follow provisions of the con-
stitution of the Woman's College government which have been effective
for several years, and under which the women's student government has
been generally more satisfactory than that of undergraduate men. x x x

By-Laws to the new Constitution were passed by the Council on February 30, 1939.
One of the amendments passed on May 5, 1938 had proscribed combines, and the
amendment had been considered a Blue (administration) measure. But before the
1939 Spring elections the White combine as well as the Blue had reappeared.
The only effect of the May amendment seems to have been that the campus was not
deluged with campaign publicity until the official starting gun was fired the
day before registration, a week before election, and that there was not very
loud mention of combines during the week-long campaign. Combines were on the
way to regaining their former prominence and power in 1940, but both groups

, *v!-.?r/0'

^fy «i«lD«TrtTrp

,-!-■/

xnc^afii b%9i'

_<aic ^fn

.ic^a^v.^

-•-4 f

T T'li".

-•. V

OiXiTCO

r r,

«^9llo0 8 'r

"1 .ita'''..

tja

r-i^'v- ,'(i:.:r

iu'-^iicC v.'?rr srfJ 0^ awEl-

biiJ ao •"T9»

.vi' ; 3 "J an rn ; :nr)

?-.-r. _„ , J r

■»'.•'+;

tr>5cf 'vfi-^

_ — -acJ<»v &iCiu '^xTjji..- o-ini;

-iq laffiic

;0 1C iiCi^ilO..; -JiTCl

r5i»

ittL

differed from their pre-1939 counterparts in that they (assertedly) gave full
puhlicity in The Chronicle to their vote-getting activities.

B. Other Men's Oroups

Men's organizations which have heen fostered hy and associated with
the Men*s ABSociation are Beta Omega Sigma and the Trident Cluh. BOS (sometimes
referred to as "Bloody Order of Sophomores") was founded in 1917 as an honorary
fraternity of outstanding sophomores — elected at the end of their freshman year.
Most of its members, incidentally or not, have first heen elected to membership
in social fraternities. •*• The Trident Club was formed in May of 1933 and was
active through the Pall of 1934.^^ It was a sort of boosters' club, its main
function being the sponsoring of displays, sideline attractions and other acti-
vities in connection with football games. It sponsored the first Victory Ball
(football dance) in December 1933; this annual function hsis since been performed
by the Men's Association.

The Freshman Advisory Council was begun in 1937-38 as a project of
the Y, M. C. A., with Charles W. McCracken, senior from Ardmore, Fa., being the
most active stimulator. He was its first chairman. The group numbered 64 mem-
bers (upperclass Tindergraduates and graduate students) in 193&-39, and 94 in
1939<^0. The 7AC has worked in close cooperation with the Dean of Freshmen and
with the housemasters of freshman dormitories. Donald 7. Hirst — who with William
R. Nesbitt, succeeded McCracken — is due much credit for the good foundation of
tthe Council; under his direction the Men's Association and the Fraternity Pan-

^^See Chapter VIII.
12,

Chronicle, May 24, 1933.

.•>iV

Hellenic Council Joined with the Y. M. C. A. in sponeoring and financing the
CoTincil.

The purpose of the Freshman Advisory Council is to provide con-
tacts for all incoming freshmen with a select group of upperclassmen
and grad-uate students in order (1) to aid each freshman in his trans-
ition from secondary school to college life, (2) to give him specific,
accurate, and authoritative information ahout the University, (3) to
help him plan and establish good habits of study and play, and (4) to
instill right attitudes of caucus life and conduct, x x x which are
conducive to the formation of individual character, self-reliance,
humanity, and social responsibility — to the end that these may become
the traditional inheritance of every Duke man.^''

The 7AC has a Governing Board, consisting of the Chairman and past-Chairman of
the Council, the Director of Eeligious Activities, the Dean of Freshmen, the
Chairman of the Freshman Housemasters, Presidents of the Men's Association,
Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council, and 7. M. C. A., and President of the Freshman
Class.

C. Student Government, Women's

There are several points of difference between the student governments
of Trinity College and Woman's College, the most outstanding being that, whereas
the fraternities virtually control the Men's Association, the Womem's College
Government has control over practically all women's groups, including sororities.
Such differences are to be expected from the inherent dissimilarities of men and
women and the consequently diverse details of administration required in Trinity
College and Woman's College. Woman's College Government has not been as highly
centralized as the Men's Association, but has exercised more direct power over

^^Second Annual Report of the Freshman Advisory Council, 1939. Mimeographed.

adi

ict liOilL

^r i.T^'--*2

extra-curricular activities and has appropriated to itself wider jurisdiction
than has the men's government.

The Men's Association had its origin in a civic, semi-governmental hody,
the Grreater Trinity Club. The Sorority Pan-Hellenic Coiuicil, established in 191S,
was perhaps the only organization preceding the Women's Student (Jovernment which
might appropriately have interested itself in the self-government of Trinity
women. The number of undergraduate women had gradually increased from 18 in
1900 to 100 in 1918. In September 1917 the Young Women's Christian Association
had been organized, and had gained the active support of a substantial majority
of women students with its war-time program of Hed Cross sewing, War Savings and
Liberty Bond campaigns, and other projects.

The Women's Student Government was founded in the Fall of 1918, under
the direct sponsorship of the Y, W. C. A., after a study of several student
governments in other parts of the nation. Ruth Willard Merritt, senior from
Norlina, who had been one of the leaders in its establishment, was named first
president.

Sy 1923-34 the number of undergraduate women had increased to 268, the
craze called Jazz had reached Trinity, advertisers of cigarettes were beginning
to appeal to women, beauty parlors were increasing in poptilarity, and there was
felt a need for strengthening the government. The Constitution was revised that
year, under the direction of Nora C. Chaff in. President. In 1932-33 (the third
year of Woman's College), as result of efforts of the League of Women Voters,
there was a revision in the system of elections for the purpose of "eliminating
politics. "^^ There was further revision in 1934-35.^^

^^See Chapter IT. ^^Chronlcle, Mar. 14, 1934. ^^Chronicle, Mar, 1. 1935.

L-^u'-g-

-. l^iX .XtHA \

-^ -r ■..■+"« %1

-'Wli

:;- rt-7 i *o -

lie ejifiiv;^;^ 'i*jy ,aiiiweB a^cxv Ls,

.6<ioe(,<^"

.' -i;^v«i ^^i-

:f:-tit

'ilX'Js

flx s

ic ai

,fiatS-

o-r^-- «r---';t?.'xr-:.f')

asv.' ;".5.Vi7

;* ~'?:t'

3'xs:ov

'•:tr^'

^ '5

i;to«»n

Oif ,t

.<ii«f «i

'■» [oiao'

.^r^I

,.-.61

Originally titled Women's Student Government, since 1930 the associ-
ation has been known as Woman's College G-overnment of Duke University, tho-ugh it
is more often referred to as Women's Student Government (in current newspaper
style, WSO), Its stated purpose — a bit more specific than the statement of
purpose in the preamble of the Men's Association Constitution — is

to regulate all matters pertaining to the life of the women of the
Woman's College of Duke University, not under the jurisdiction of
the Faculty; to increase a sense of individual responsibility; to
further a spirit of unity among the women of the College; and to
cooperate with the Faculty in creatiog and maintaining high ideals
for the women of the University.^'''

Woman's College Government is more truly representative than is the
Men's Association. It is officered by nineteen students (out of a student body
of some 800), in contrast to the eight officers of the men's government (for a
student body of some 1700). Each dormitory is formally organized, and the
president is ex officio representative on the WSG Council. Non-resident students
(Town Girls) are also formally organized, and their head is a member of the Coun-
cil. Thus (theoretically, at least) there is no undergraduate woman who does not
have an acquaintance on the Co-uncil; this cannot be said of undergraduate men.
In addition to these house representatives, the Council membership comprises
class representatives, President, Vice-President, Recording and Corresponding
Secretaries, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, Chairman of Social Standards
Committee, Chairman of the Points System, The Council is divided into Executive
and Judicial Boards, and there is a Student-Faculty Judicial Board for reviewing
(disciplinary) decisions of the latter. Provision is also made for a College
Board — consisting of representatives of Woman's College Government, other leading

*^ Student's Handbook of Information. 1938-39, (Woman's College, Duke Univer-

•ity), p. 33.

-ior • «og1- , 12 s'n' ' :;: j;

t'-.i

^Ji CJ -■-■S-rT' ■■ >•' •^'- ■

lo acii: ,

r-f ■ ■ ■ ;

^ 1

lU -!.•- -

■tse%~:i'

■ •il i^i iill^CxC^ZL3^7 . .-"--3

, - , , .''YiJ.-.-..

, ■ r »ri* lo :Iqt08i

VI
-TCS'^ ■ .sni^illoj s'sscio'-C; ,tir.-;.'-36X ,:ic

student organizations, and several members of the administrative staff — "to hold
discussion and to make recommendations . . . and in general to influence public
opinion in favor of all measures or movements that are designed to uphold the

standards of scholarship and conduct and to foster loyalty to the ideals of

18
Duke University," The system of elections is the model after which the Men's

Association's revision of 1939 was patterned. A difference is that the Dean of
Woman's College approves nominations.

By making itself usef\il and by using the powers delegated to it by the
Administration, Woman's College Government has merited the respect and support
of its constituency. Not only does it command respect for itself; it encourages
support of other student organizations. Through its "campus" power, it has the
authority to force payment of dues to other student organizations, a service
v&ich many men's organizations would welcome from their government. Throxigh the
Forum Committee it sponsors a series of lectures and concerts by outstanding
personalities each year. Through the Social Standards Committee it instructs
and supervises all students in the numerous details of gracious social relation-
ships. Through the Points System it attempts to equalize opportunity for leader-
ship by limiting the number of positions in extra/- cur ricular activities to be
held by any student. Some of the other activities of Woman's College Government
correspond to those of the Men's Association. Following are some typical head-
lines from The Chronicle of the last decade:

"Women to Seek Longer Christmas Vacation Period"
"WSGA Passes New Regulations to Curb Cheating"
"Duke Coeds Donate $60 for Paralysis Appeal"
"Coed SGA Alters New Dance Ride"

1 ft

■^"Student's Handbook of Information, op.cit., p. 37.

To be "campus sed" is to be denied the privilege of leaving the college

grounds.

3.+ 1 Ic

-v;

s^- ^ ^ - <^^

Ld.

D. Related Women's Groups

Woman's College Government has fostered the estahlishment of several
other organizations of undergraduate women, some of which are subsidiary to it.
The Town Girls' Club was founded December 3, 1927 in order to give non-resident
students representation in student government. It has practically the same status
as a dormitory organization, A study room for Tov/n Girls is provided in Faculty
Apartments Building.

The Presidents' Club was organized in May 1935*^ and was part of WSG
until it was succeeded in March 1938 by the Executive Co-oncil of Presidents.
Its chief function was the arranging of the calendar of events to avoid serious
conflicts* The Presidents' Club succeeded the Student Board of the Woman's
College Government, set up before 1932.

Sandals, honorary sophomore sorority, was organized by WSG in May of

22
1932. It is in many respects similar to Beta Omega Sigma, honorary sophomore

fraternity. Its chief functions have been assisting at student government meet-
ings (paging, collecting ballots, etc.), supervising the Ark as a recreation
center, assisting the "Y" and other organizations in orienting first-year students,
A yearly project of each group of Sandals has been to add some specific improve-
ment to the Ark. The organization has cooperated with B.O.S. in giving dances
and other social programs. Its membership U8\ially consists of 20 students chosen
at the end of the freshman year.^"^

^Chronicle, Dec. 7, 1927.
^^ Chronicle, May 14, 1935,

^^Chronicle . May 25, 1932.

Evelyn Van Sciver. Sketch in News Service files, 1938.

■ IC '. '

vrfof.

.±U.

j-unior Big Sisters served In cooperation with the student government
from the introduction of the idea at Trinity ahout 1920^ until 1936-37 when
its function was delegated to Freshman Advisers, ^ a group of upperclass vomen
which succeeded Personal Advisers, a loosely-knit faculty-student group which
existed for a short while dxaring the Fall of 1933.^^

B. Other Organizations

The institution's courses in Political Science (first known as Political
Economy) have had good reputation since 1902, when Dr. W. H. Glasson hegan the
first class. However, among students there has not been enough extra-curricular
interest in political science to sustain for a very great length of time a club
for the study of this and related topics. The earliest recorded organization of
this kind was the Current Topics Club, organized in November 1898. It was short-
lived, evidently.

On October 9, 1926, Athena and Brooks Literary Societies combined to

28
form a chapter of the League of Women Voters, a national organization. This

group was active for a number of years in stimulating interest in local (campus)

as well as national political problems; it was revived in the Spring of 1933, and

ceased functioning in 1936-37.

^Chronicle, Sept. 14, 1921.

Since 1939 known as Freshman Advisory Council, but not to be confused with
the men's Freshman Advisory Council, pp. 42-43.

^^ Chronicle, Sept. 14, 1933.

Catalogue, 1900-01, p. 90. Also mentioned as Current Events Club,

^^ Chronicle, Oct. 13, 1926; Mar. 1, 1933, p. 7.

iii^

■ilstjCif

r; .1 [j; ~, . g -3 ;^

.'D-£.W Q:

0« rtr

es«i "to ix

-uir

-D-"?.^on Ir^D^rf.EJ':^ ni

7 ^r ift^i-jl

',■ d t;-

Nvi

■pro;

;i:tr

;-:iX;

Jx ;:^ir.9loci^

.Tr-ocei

Qdi 9

'■€■ ,i>«viJ

* » « ' , t

, -00*^ X ,n..

A history somewhat paralleling that of the League of Women Voters, but

of longer duration, is that of the Polity Club, organized November 8, 1928. ^^
The Carnegie Foundation donates considerable amounts of literature on international
relations to college societies organized for the purpose of studying political
science and history in relation to the furthering of international good will.
The Polity Club has been affiliated with the Carnegie Foundation on this basis,
and during the last dozen years has received numerous volumes, which in turn have
been deposited in the University Library. The club was dormant from 1935 to 1938;
then it was strong for two years under the leadership of Joe Tally. In 1939-40
it Joined the University Lectures Committee in sponsoring several addresses and
for\im8 on the subject of the European situation. In 1940-41 it conducted two
or three campus polls on topics of major world interest. A round-table discussion
on "Americanism" was another featxzre of the 1939-40 program; it was broadcast over
the Ihirham radio station, "^^

What promises to be an outsteuidlng accomplishment of the Polity was

establishment of the Student Congress, organized March 19, 1940. The original
Intention was that the Congress should become an euijunct of the Men's Association,
and some progress has been made in that direction. At its Initial meeting, com-
mittees were named for investigations and reports on men's student government,
inter-campus relations, and Union food. These committees made reports, and were
instructed to continue their investigations; this was in the latter part of April,
and since no reports came from the committees it is taken that approaching exam-
inations killed Interest in these projects. The chief project of 1940-41 was to

^^Chronicle , Nov. 14, 1928. ^° Chronicle, 1939-41, passim,

''^Chronicle, Mar. 19, 1940.

o.ii ."^v+t^ tt^

n i^-

"Vv u ojKiO.*/JoC 'iw iJ*jt' V •*• t '**•

, .f ': ; i;on35A 8'

,-.J.

■fi*^f^ j^p ftij' o;J je-

rrl '^

raise $2000 for a mobile kitchen for British war victims; about $800 was raised.
The following statement of aims and organization of the Student Congress is from
The Chronicle of October 18 , 1940 :

The purpose of the Student Congress shall be to provide a forum
to express and crystalize xmdergraduate opinion on issues of general
■university interest, and to act in an advisory and axixiliary capacity
to the administration, faculty and campus organizations.

All undergraduates of Duke University shall be members. . . ,
Membership bears the right to vote. Meetings shall be open to the
public, but only undergraduates shall have the right to vote, , , ,

There shall be a steering committee composed of all elected
officers in addition to seven appointed by the president from a
panel of fifteen nominated by the assembly. . . . The steering com-
mittee may refuse to call for a vote upon a resolution if they find
that the vote wo\ild not be representative of undergraduate opinion.

On October 10, 1929 was formed the Liberal Club, which sponsored campus
appearances of Herman Thomas (perennial Socialist candidate for President of the
United States) and other liberals, until 1933-34, when the group succxunbed to
gentle conservative pressure. No specific information as to the membership and
leadership of the group has been found.

Of a somewhat similar nature was the Americem Student Union, pinko-
liberal national organization which established a chapter at Duke in November
1936. The Union was active for about a year, during which time it sponsored one
or two exhibits of student art, and a three-day Peace Conference (April 22-25,
1937) at which U. S, Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota spoke — the conference
being sponsored also by the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.s, men's and women's student
governments. School of Heligion Association, Undergraduate Ministerial Fellowship,

^^Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1930; Mar. 11, 1931; Oct, 16, 1929.

A/Dis»4* f «i.w X Nitifi* ^ w J>* «»-«^J>-<-^ ^.. J w^

■'■ I :t.;.:V7

^8 lo •i.

Methodist Students* Association, Student Volunteers, Colum'bia Literary Society,
and Hesperian Union. It also proposed investigations of such things as campus
monopolies (stores, haberdashery, dining halls), National Youth Administration,
and working conditions of University employees. The ASU at Duke, as elsewhere,
attracted liberals and ultra-liherals. A part of its program had the flavor of
outside inspiration. It was not encouraged by the Administration. It ceased
during 1937-38.^^

During the national political campaign of 1936 the American Liberty
League was a strong political force, often associated in popular tho\ight with
the unsuccessful Republican Party. Much literature was circulated on the cam-
puses by the organization, and a formal organization was proposed but never
established.

In somewhat the same category — of a general political nature, yet
dealing with a specific campaign — was the Schola Caveat of 1926. This was the
name assumed by a group of some 300 students in ^rll 1926 for the purpose of
protesting impending legislative restrictions on education in North Carolina.
Similar groups were formed at other colleges in the State, but evidently none
survived the summer vacation.'^

A military and quasi-political organization of 1918 took the name
Autocracy Smashers. "^^ It left no record of specific activity.

Almost with the regularity of national political campaigns. Democratic
and Eepubllcan clubs have appeared on the campuses since Trinity College moved

''"Sheldon Harte, Class of 1937, one of the founders of the Duke chapter, later
became a secretary-bodyguard to Leon Trotsky, famous exiled Bolshevist, and was
killed near Mexico City,

S^chronicle, May 12, 1926.

Victory, the 1918 editfccn of The Chanticleer.

<.i T f rf I r- '

iJt» ,y.'

C J'X*

;.i.:i-i

i aai . ■■■zr>iz.

to Durham. Two months seems to have been a long life-span for such groups.
Sometimes they have heen known as Democratic or Hepuhllcan clubs » sometimes by
the names of the leading candidates. Thus The Chronicle has recorded: Democratic
Club, 1892 and 1940; Republican Club, 1932 and 1940; Bryan-Kern Club (D) , 1908;
Woodrow Wilson Club (D) , 1912; Harmon-for-President Club (R) , 1912; Gardner-for-
Governor Club (D), 1920; Page-f or -Governor Club (D) , 1920; Pritchard-Parker Club
(R), 1920; Hoover Club (R), 1928; Al Smith Club (D) , 1928.^^

^^Chronicle, Feb. 21, 1912; Oct. 11. 1916; Nov, 15, 1916; Mar. 10, 1920; Mar.
24, 1920; Oct, 10, 1928; Oct. 17, 1928; Oct. 19, 1932; Oct, 21, 1908. Also see
Archive, June 1892, p. 382.

•■ r

• r : ' '.y fyf ^v.^r^ v^a'*

. ^o ; ;

Chapter IV
BELIGIOUS GROUPS

Religion made firm the foundation of Trinity College's earliest pre-
decessor institution, Union Institute, and it has "been a potent factor in the
history of Duke University. The predecessor institution was founded "by the
Union Institute Educational Society, a coalition of Methodist and Quaker con-
gregations at Trinity, N, C, in 1838 (recorded in the Agtohiography of Brantley
York, page 46), Religious training was considered an integral part of college
education, so that when the institution adopted a motto, "Eruditio et Religio"
was chosen. Under Brantley York and Braxton Craven the institution was, in a
real sense, a religious society. John Franklin Crowell was also a religious
man, tho\igh he was noted first for his training and ability in the field of
education, with emphasis on science (later as an economist),

A year after Crowell 's election to the presidency, the Yotrng Men's
Christian Association, a world-wide organization founded in 1844, established
a branch at Trinity; this was in the Fall of 1888. The piirpose of the Duke "Y"
as expressed in the present Constitution is perhaps the same as it was in 1888:

1. To lead students to faith in God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

2. To lead them into membership and service in the Christian Church.

3. To promote their grov;th in Christian faith, especially through

prayer and the study of the Bible.

^ALumni Register, Feb. 1931, Dec, 1932.

Binr 1

• i.'".r.L '^r.r

di; i'cei

r> ; ■ r'

ic-. -i.r

;^ ;><.;&;

;7 3.'

.-= f:--r>: -»

4. To influence them to derote themselves in united effort with all

Christians to the making of the will of Ood effective through-
out the whole world.

5. To promote wholesome social relations in Duke Uniyersity.

Tor many years the chief function of the T« M. Co A* was that of a
sort of Bible class, but its program has changed with time; being gradually
broadened, until the 1938*39 "7" was accused of "usurping the powers of the
Student Goyemment Association."^

It was about 1915 that the 7. M. C, A. began changing from a purely
deyotional organisation to one of campus seryice. Its functions now include the
maintenance of a reading room in the Union Building, sponsoring the annual Dad's
Day and Heligious Emphasis Week obseryances (with the financial support of the
TJniyersity) , assisting in the orientation of first-year students, giving occasional
dances called "Open Houses," sponsoring boys' clubs in Durham graded schools.

Troa 1931-33 to 1937-38 the annual series of "7" Tuesday Evening
Recitals was an iiaportcmt part of the eaatpus entertainment program. Outstcunding
young professional musicians, visiting college glee clubs, and other musical
ensembles were presented in admission-free programs. The series was discontinued
in 1937-38.

Since about 1930 the University has appropriated $170 a year for steno-
graphic help. Until 1934 this expropriation was designated for expenses in con-
nection with the "7" Employment Service; since then there has been no need for
a "7" EiBployment Service, what %rith ITTA and other forms of student self-help
being handled by University offices.

The 7, M. C> A. is supported by donations (called pledges) from stu-
dents, faculty members, and others in the University community. It also received

^Chronicle, Dec. 9, 1938.

. I

.i<5"V

i.:*al

$700 to $800 a year from Qjoadrangle Pictures, the caiopus moTie, dorlag the period
from 1928 to 1939; "Qjoadrangle " va«» nominally, operated by the 7. M. C« A.
during that period. The "T" budget for 1940-41 was more than $2,800, the largest
in the organization's history.

Since the t^irersity Campus was occupied in 1930, the i*7" has had its
office over the arcade coxmecting the Union with the dormitory section. While
there has nerer been a full-time secretary, J. Foster Barnes, who in 1927 was
engaged as Director of Social and Musical Actiirities, shares the office and is
an ez officio member of the Soard of Directors; he serves in the capacity of
adviser in practically all phases of the organisation's work.

▲bout 1930 was organized the first Freshman Friendship Council of the
T. M. C, A. In 1933 was begun the Sophomore Council. These groups are now
organized each year, for the training of workers for the senior council or
cabinet .

Mu^ Dependable records concerning the T. M, C* A* are less coaplete than
T.y.C.A. ^1^8® concerning the 7* W. C. A. The women's association was organized
September 22, 1917, at the suggestion of President Few.

At that time there was only one Woman's Building on the caatpus,
which is the Infirmary today. Of the c^proximately two hundred girls
only twenty lived on the caa^us. There was no dean, no women faculty
members, and no [student] organization except literary societies and
three sororities. Since in 1917 almost half of the men students of
Trinity College had gone to war and more were leaving all the time,
the girls were anxious to have some part in the affairs of the day.

The national 7oung Women's Christian Association was a leader
in war work, and this aroused the Interest of the girls to organize
a similar Institution on their own caiopus. Dr. W. W, Peele, who was
in charge of the religious activities of the school, met %rith a group
of girls who lived in the Woman's Building, and they decided to organ-
ize. Instead of getting in touch with the national office, the girls
started off on their own. Mrs. Arthur Gates, Mrs. W. H. aiasson, Dr.
H. E. Spence, and Dr. W. W. Peele were asked to be members of the
Advisory Committee.

(•■'j-YOff! sr

a*l

< I

.S^rftoO- rtO^th

^£fJ -Tl

■zl tcl *r

ai»w g£.^i:m«C

Lsote

f*^.. .r.!" *0

XXL^s- i«C;';'I. tUQX

• .1 0# SStl BO

'i^c^J.i^,"-tt'-, .c aiij as

-i:o ^>b^3T« a£ic fare ©att^c
i levoa sail ei-

i>d# le

~-?^ er-J 1

S:ISJ -rol ^•1:^r: iloX-S i-OJ;

A <. * * m »^

■'.'-■'T: 3-S; V •••

.-IJ-i-ri

•'::u.J%

Jbiie

aj&w «i»ri^ e

<*(f o^

Sj.

.1CiJ6^"

An afternoon neeting wa« called, and the toim girls were invited.
About one hundred girls Joined the organization. Someone then got in
touch with the national office and the Trinity College group hecaae
officially a part of the national T. W. C. A. With Lucille Litaker
as the first president, the actual work was hegon.

The Trinity girls in this group did war work (such as making Red
Cross bandages), settlement work, gave a Christmas party for a group
of underpriyileged children, started a gym class, helped with the Stu-
dent Friendship Fond, had the State Cabinet Training Council to meet
on the Trinity campus, had a cea^nival and sent repre sen tat ires to the
"Y" conferences at Blue Eidge.3

The present membership of the T* W* C. A« is some 400, about half the student
body at Woman's College. The organization has concerned itself less with general
eaarpus politics than has the 7. M. C. A. Its projects include: hospital visiting,
assisting the Administration during Treshman Week, posting bulletins, assisting
in the Legal Aid Clinic, supenrising girls* clubs in Durham city schools, work-
ing at King's Doubters Home and Wright Refuge, an annual Christmas x>arty for
underprivileged children. Thanksgiving dinners for needy families.

The Freshman Commission and Sophomore Commission, instituted about
1935, have functions similar to the related bodies of the T. Mo C* A. Freshman
Advisers (see p. 48, ante) were first organized in 1934 by the "TW"; and the
Women's Athletic Association was established with aid of the "T" in 1929.^

Before Trinity College moved to Durham, the 7* M. C* A. , which existed
for four years at '*01d Trinity," served the puspose of a Bible, or Sunday School,
class* It continued this function for several years after the move to Durham.
Students were encouraged, and expected, to attend Durham churches and Sunday
Schools, however; so that there was felt no great need for Bible classes until

^elen Saleeby. Sketch in Hews Service files, dated Nov. 20, 1937.

4
Chronicle. Mar. 5, 1930.

,3|iSi# i a/'

or.

^ki

f./i . t.

-o ,t,^.

tii^jinac:

III "T" 'Sri*

■ujci

the Ualverelty occupied the new caopus, in the Fall of 1930, farther remoTed
from the city. Dr. C. VT. Peppier taught a boys' Bible class in the early 1920*8.
and Mrs. William J. H. Cotton, wife of a faculty member in the Department of
Economics , was teacher of a girls* class at about the same time. In the Fall
of 1930 was instituted the Open Forum Bible Class, under the superrision of
H. J* Herring, Dean of Men.^ !Fhe class, which has no regular roll, meets at
9:30 o'clock Sunday mornings in Tork Che^el. Dean Herring or some other faculty
member usually speaks. I!hi8 is the only Bible class with a continuous existence
of any considerable length. At about the time of its beginning, or perhaps a
year later, was instituted the Law School Bible Class, conducted by Professor
Malcolm McDerBiott of the law faculty. It was discontinued in 1933-34. Mrs*
C* W. Peppier was for some yeeurs teacher of a girls* class at Duke Memorial
Methodist Church; most of the members (there were 100 at one time) were college
students.

About 1933, the college students decided to have a class on the
campus and I [writes Mrs. Peppier] agreed to teach them. Due to
interest in the Duke [TftLiversity Chapel] choir and means of getting
to West Csuopus, and several other causes, there seemed no place for
a real S. S* class and so, about 1935, we disbanded.^

In November 1930 was begun an Engineers* Forum, led by Dr. Mason Crum.
That was the first year engineering students had a separate dormitory (Southgate);
The group met on Stmday afternoons for a few months.

^Chronicle, Oct, 29, 1930.

^Mrs, Charles W. Peppier. Letter in Hews Service files, j^r. 16, 1938.

'Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1930.

.T.. mutiny .s-xH baa

} :> fi ^: '• f'i * S f-ti':: ^ '■■ ') I'.-

'liT'^S'

,>,aiTX«H .^

at:

dx ai.

.&*■•! j/ci.?;- COS

"". f a-fC^W

.8?

At least el^t raliglona denominations ha-re organized student clubs
since the founding of Duke TAiirereity, in 1934. From 1856, when ownership and
control of the institution was given to the Horth Carolina Conference of the
Methodist Spisc^al Church, South, until Decemher 29, 1924, when the conditions
of the Indenture of Trust founding Duke University were accepted ty the Trustees,
the institution was definitely a Methodist school. Members of other denomina-
tions sent their sons and daughters, of course, but the student body (as well as
the faculty) was predominantly Methodist. Such being the case, there %rais no
need for a club of Methodist students, and there were perhaps too few students
of any other denomination to form a strong group — at least during most of this
period. Since 1924 there have been formed clubs of students belonging to the
following denominations: Baptist, Catholic, Christian Scientist, l^iscopal,
Hebrew, Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian. The first of these, according to
available records, was the Baptist Student Union, which formed a grorxp in January

1930, revived in 1934-35. There has been an Episcopal Vestry since about 1933,
if not earlier. The Catholic Students' Club (in some colleges known as Hewman
Club) wa« begun at about the same time. Methodists and Christian Scientists were
first organized in 1935-36, according to best available information. The Luther
League probably antedates these two by a year or more. The Christian Scientists,
Catholics and Lutherans — each having only one main congre^tion in Durham — have
appeared to be more active among students than the denominations having several
congregations. The Episcopalians have euLso been more noticeably active than the
Methodists and Baptists. The first Presbyterian group of which there is a record
was formed in 1937-38; this group was quite active daring 1940-41 under the leader-
ship of Hev. Louis J. Telanjian.

® Chronicle, Jan. 15, 1930.

ifftfiO

•: Sijo-s

i;o% tfdi

encxtti jfOft ^Ht M"f

- .f ♦ », *

^IXlU

..« L A^

f'.iik,'

Oft «»w

Difiir

ralia^tn?

, ^■i4i-i'li^l.O<J

frtlv' '.'.%iJv «>^-

■ ^^ titsat *siio

v-''ir<4i iitr-*^ vjriij^

cf •«« (tfi.'.

•» i.

■40 ow ■

*STil ari"!! .2.'^

:-- b' ','■-> c T. ;i t- r'r ;-, a v

;2I ,ei .iiiiL

All of these denomiitational groups combined with Student Volunteers,
School of Religion Association, Undergraduate Ministerial Fellowship, Open Torus
Bihle Class, the T. M. C. A. and Y. V. C. A. in 1937-28 to form the Student
Religious Council* This Council was organized under the supervision of Merrimon
Cuninggim, Acting Director of Religloixs Activities, and has as its fianction the
coordination of the work of various student religious groups. One of it s first
efforts was toweurd the organization of Doka Universit7 Church (Interdenominational),
which was accoisplished during 1937-38.

The position of Director of Religious Activities had been created in
the Fall of 1936.

In the Spring of 1937, the I, M. C. A. Cabinet [Fred Cleaveland,
President] discussed the possibility of organizing both a Student
Religious Council and a Duke University Church. This was the first
group to become interested in the idea of a caatpus church.

In October, 1937, the Student Religious Council, contposed of
representatives of all the religious groups on the caapus[es], was
foxmded. As Number 3 of the original Objectives of the Council [was
proposed the encouraging of] students to become affiliate members of
the Chapel as the University Church of Dake University.

With this statement as a definite objective, the Student Religious
Council appro£u:hed the University Committee on Religious Interests
(knoum as the Chapel Committee and coiaposed of Faculty and Administrew-
tion members), requesting a Joint meeting of the two growps to discuss
the possibility of a caaipus church.

The first meeting of the Joint Commission ... was on November
15. 1937. . . .

The Committee on Organization, in its meeting on November 16,
1937, adopted substantially the provisions suggested by the Student
Religious Council • . . and constituted from their number a sub-
committee to propose a method of approach in presenting the idea of
membership to the students. [The second meeting of the Joint Commis-
sion, December 3, 1937, became the first meeting of the Official Board
of Duke University Church.]'

Mimeographed ''Outline of the Organization and Proceedings of the Duke Univer-
sity Church (Interdenominational), 1937-38," in News Service files.

-ic

+■7.^. -, . , . , -•: ,A ,0 .M .t adJ ,

CBoq fttPt

^ain

The Official Board Is eonpoeed of thirty regular and three ex officio memhers.
The office of Dean of The Chapel was created in the Spring of 1938, which office
Dr. Frank S» Hickman hae occupied since Its establishment. In 1939 was created
the office of Dli^ctor of Religious ActlTltles, Woman's College, with Miss
Florence Moss as first holder of the office*

The Church program includes quarterly communion, annual outings for
first-year students, support of the Huckahee Fund (for Jcqpanese mission work),
annual inter-faith dinner, week-day Che^el services, Sahbath morning worship
services, Christmas and Easter cycles of special services, the annual "Religious
Emphasis Week" (revival) services, occasional forums led by visiting religionists.
All religious groups on the campuses are considered components of Duke University
Church»

The Campus Church Club was begun in October 1939, under auspices of
the University Church. It is an interdenominational group, and conducts vesper
services on Sunday evenings. Vespers were held on Woman's College campus for
several years prior to formation of the Church Club.

Catedoguee prior to 1875 indicate that a Theological Society was formed
as early as 1867, thou^ no record is found as to its specific purpose or member-
ship. On May 10, 1908, at the suggestion of President Kilgo, a group of stu-
dents planning to enter the ministry met and formed a Ministerial Band,^^ which
for several yeeurs met on Friday evenings with Dr. Eilgo to "spend an hour or more
In a rather Informal way. ... His discussions were usually eoncemisg the very
practical things with which the minister would meet and have to reckon in his

^Ochronicle, May 13, 1908, p.4.

Si;

>, '. \

-iaiSOtvC ,:^''^«?-^« . ;-,v<^V n-r^..V nTR^,(-

'•0 5^r -'- ' ■t'i'-''

-I'

... >f,( •_-. ..^ 14..' •••■>♦?■'■■ '"*'■ .?^':fin?

-c,K -V ^-..- , :•:--.,....: . . , , .'^^-^^

alii at aosli-os'X o# »TJMi bos • *£i^ /ioltiw tiiiw «3tiii«i.« I.^«■i»i

•if

, . ,•-'.! ,SX X«*i t

i J- 1 i' P 1 .

ereryday ministerial life." Rev. H. B. Porter, nember of the early grciap,
•tatee that there was prohahly no formal organization, and this opinion ie sub-
stantiated hy the fact that the first listing of officers bears the date 1911<«13.
"The dominant purpose," according to Robert H. Stamey, 1987->38 president, "was
to afford the young potential ministers opportunity for practical experience.
A3 the group realized its potentialities, the programs spread to Jails, hospitals
and county homes, Yaluable serrice was rendered as assistants to the community
and neighboring pastors ."^^

In 1926 was established the graduate School of Religion (the name was
changed to Dirinity School in 1941), and the Ministerial Association (as the
student organization was then called) was incorporated in the new school*

This was found to be entirely unsatisfactory, so the present Under-
graduate Ministerial Fellowship was formed, with the object of develop-
ing Christian brotherhood that will find expression in spiritual
integrity and higher service. The central aim is to awaken the under^
graduate ministerial students to their place in the life of the college,
and, in later years, to their place in the life of the community at
large. The organization affords its members the opportunity to enjoy
coBipanionship with others who, regardless of sect or creed, have the
same fundamental interests and ambitions. The program varies from
the stimulation of religious experiences to the promotion of light
social functions. The entire organization and its program has a strong
unifying influence which assists the younger members to adjust them-
selves to the life on the cajq>us.^3

The School of Religion Association, which corresponds in soa« respects
to the Men's Association of Trinity College, was formed in 1927-28.^^

^^Rev. H. B. Porter. Letter in Hews Service files, dated Peb» 3, 1938.
^^bert H, Stamey. Sketch in News Service files, dated Dec. 1, 1937.

^^Ibid.

^^Chronide, May 23, 1928.

ifS 5<."-

.'V ,ioi'

. i suit imii i^A'i »di x^ hBi&i-irr

,XQ(ir-Oc> v-i'.C

lo /ccdr

arf^ "kc

fil X«

99B £l

sJo:-

S.I al--

sx(j c

.hi:-

.■ r

On February 15» 1937 was organised Onicron Chi Spsllon, ^'an organisa-
tion of ministerial students and pre-ministerial students . • • to influence
their respecti-ve grotips in Cibristian living* • • • Its name was chosen from the

I first three [Oreek] words in the passage from Mark 9.41, 'Becaase ye belong to
Christ. "*^^ The fraternity is non-secret. It sponsored the first "Mother's Day"
program in the UniTorsity Chapel, at which Dr. Ivan Lee Holt preached. Robert
S» Tate, the fraternity's president, presided orer the service, the first time a
student had presided at a regular Sunday morning worship program. The organiza^
tion invites to membership outstanding students in the Divinity School and pre-

' ministerial undergraduates.

I Theta Phi, national professional theological society, established a

chapter May 15, 1935. It is primarily a faculty grox^, though outstanding
graduate students are occasionally admitted.

I Student Volunteers, a national organisation for ministerial students

planning to serve as foreign missionaries, has organized student groups from

^ time to time since about 1915 or before. No records have been found, and it is

f 16

probable that these groups have been formally organized for short periods only.-^°

On January 6, 1889, a Mrs, Wells, national organizer for the Woman's

Christian Teinperance Union, instituted a chapter at Trinity. The following

officers were elected: President, Mrs. Marquis Wood; Vice-President, Mrs. Pepper;

Recording Secretary, Mrs* Pegram; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Sudie Young;

Treasurer, Mrs. Carr. This cannot be classified as a student enterprise, though

the group undoubtedly exerted influence on the student body.

^^Julian ▲• Lindsay. Sketch in News Service files, dated Dec. 2, 1937.
See also reference to The Volunteer, p. 22.

^SC iil-' A'lO R '%'■*' 'i'Sfc ' ,

n . , . .

0 *j «y^*-^ ** ^^ ^'^

S-^-tO'M

r- rt.i3.

* '-»»

05 erj.

-5.,, -• 4 >- "---■- r

fid »i;;fe4o«8 Xi

•jd* b1

-• .,-.+

,:<disr

*\tj-*^. ■<■

ivai ffoJ

' . ^•*^J.♦ / .>!

T ,&£^1 ,3X ^|AM «*<

tqadb

,-=i&

,& >:

•^ /-w .- :T;^ :

j\ :i.»ij-mt £.'i«v £

.=i .a-r

:~:l . .

-:»I2^ ftciTisS m

.?S.q: ,X'&e^iix.'.?:c7 dt<^ • -♦ «- '

<•>!

»•» ,< •»!••?

The Hellgioue Education Association was organised among vonen students
in 1950 and was aore or less active until about 1933. No definite statement of
purpose or record of activities has been found. Reference has been made to the
Religious Drama Guild on page 84, and to The Christian Educator on page 16. The
first number of Christian Horizons, official organ of the School of Religion
Association, was published in December 1938. The publication is issued four
times a year.

y.d

.i3€l ittcaA Itim^ -v-T.i',« r^r^l t^ .^-t^n: aaw ."iflE O--";- at

_ /fi^

/ l.

W'^

i. •^

<3t ~

».»r

*^<

*-'-JT,r

•^(tr"/ v

v-:;<rr

hiiy

Chapter 7
MUSICAL AJSUi ZHXASRICAL S1SITERFSISSS

A, 7oeal Groups

The earliest mention of a glee club at Trinity College is aade in
The ArchlTe for Fehrtaary 1890, thoTigh it is not referred to as a new organiza-
tion. In the issvie for Tehruary 1894 (page 30) nention is made of the then
recent or^uiisation of the Grand Consolidated Glee-Banjo-Earpsiehord-Clevis
Cluh. This is heliered to be merely a facetious recognition of one of the
early rerivals of the glee club. The earliest off-campus appearance of a glee
club was eridently in 1903; The Chronicle of February 27, 1906 mentioned the
group's "fourth annual tour.** There was no permance of organisation and no
regular director until about 1912.

▲t this time [1912], the members of the Glee Club, which was the only
musical organisation on the campus, called a meeting and elected 7. S.
Bennett as manager, and S. S. Alderman as assistant manager. The fol-
lowing year, !• £• Piper, of Richmond, Virginia, was engaged as director.

During the next two years, 1914 and 1915, a mandolin club and a
quartette were added as constituents of the Glee club. Edgar M. Howerton,
a prominent musician, was made director of the group of singers, and
musical activities at Trinity College began to take on a new note.

V. J* TJtermoehlen, who directed the Glee Club the year before
the World War, saw the interest in that organisation diminish as it
did in all forms of college act iri ties as the students left college

65-66

to Join the forces of their country. In the subsequent year [1918-
1919] there wis no Glee Cluh at Trinity College.^

Hoverton reriyed the club in the Tall of 1919, with the financial backing of
Tonbs, and The Chronicle of January 1, 1920 reported that "its history since
then has been a succession of successful «^pearances at home and abroad."

The Trinity Glee Club increased in strength from year to year, and in
1924 becane the Duke TTniTersity Glee Club. In the Tall of 1927 J, Poster Batrnes
came as Director of Musical and Social Aetirities. His first Duke glee club won
the 1927 North Carolina college chaitpionship, but was defeated in the Southern
district contest at Greenrille, S. C. The next year the Duke singers won both
State and Southern chaispionships, and in the Spring of 1929 represented eleven
Southern states in the national contest in Hew York City.*^ Intercollegiate glee
club contests lost their TOgue about 1930, and the Duke clubs have not vied with
other choral groups since then. Concerts have been giren each year in the larger
cities of Horth Carolina; and, since 1987, in other Sastem states. In February
rl9d7 Director Barnes cetrried his singers to New Tork City for the first nation-
wide radio broadcast by a Duke glee club (orer CBS). In March 1938 the glee
club gave another national broadcast from another New Tork stxuLio (KBC).

While the Men's Glee Club is an independent student enterprise, to a
large degree independent, its Director is paid by the Unirersity, and the expense
of major concerts is underwritten by the institution or alunni grot^s. Admission
is charged for all concerts except radio broadcasts. Membership is by selection
of the Director. In late years the size of the campus rehearsal club has been

The Musical Clubs of Duke Thiiversity. Privately printed, 1929-30. P. 6.
^Ibid. , p. 13.
^Alumni Register, Mar. 1937, p. 57.

'S rid.

i. ?'cls« vcii Jxivivei xif:-ii"./i.||

dfSCCl

tJs al I- i oti-.r:

,- / 4. y ^Afc X

^.- ^'jaI*? : , -•.n;!"r,-«?' f'#'-

:N ^(f.:

. .Ji: rr^

OJin

- n®

J'is t|

,■'? ori^fv

•H-r

'.■J nj ,'Xo^;

V . ,

/f^CP

Wit

■^j^

trl

9» <

J -

kC^

v]Bi

^^B^^^^^^^^^^H

-—!

^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bk^!_ ^^^^^^^^^^I

H^^K ^^B 1

consistently greater than 100 voices, while the varsity cluh or tour group has
"been restricted to atout 40 voices. Practically all mem'bers of the varsity group
are also memhers of the University Chapel Choir, The group's program consists
of weekly rehearsals, one home concert each year, at least one tour each year,
occasional appearances at banquets and other functions on the campuses, and
social programs from time to time with the Women's Glee Clut.

As long as there has been a Glee Club there has also been a male
quartet, with the exception of perhaps a few years. Most of these foursomes have
gone without names; at least four, however, have had distinctive titles. These
are: Lost Chord Qioartet of 1906-07;'* the Dixie Pour of 1920-21 (R. A, Parham,
1st tenor; H. A, McNeely, 2nd tenor; W. C, Merritt, 1st bass; C. Vf, O'Dell, 2nd
bass);^ the Happy Pour of 1924 (Prank Warner, Pred Grreen, Al Ormond and Happy
Sheets);^ and the Milk Brothers Quartet of the Simmer of 1934 (Riley Clinton
Pields, William Ross, J, P, Waggoner, Stuart Miller — students working in the
Coffee Shop; the Mills Brothers, a Negro quartet with distinctive style of ren-
dition, were popular at the time.)

The University Chapel Choir, though never formally organized, has been
the major choral group since 1932. In addition to the student membership there
is usually a semi-chorus of more mature and experienced voices from Durham and
the University community. The choir stalls of the University Chapel accommodate
approximately 150 persons, though the choir has numbered as many as 190 singers.
Student singers are usually members of the men's or women's glee clubs before
joining the choir. The experienced voices (professional or semi-professional

^Chronicle, Feb. 6. 1907.
^Chronicle, Mar. 23, 1921.
See photograph in News Service files, made in 1934.

singers who are salaried) form the nucleus of the choir. The Unirerslty Chapel
Choir has always heen directed by J* Poster Barnes. The Summer School Choir »
first organized in 1934» has been directed hy V. M. Upchurch, Jr.

At about the time £• M. Howerton reyived the Men's G-lee Club in the
Fall of 1919, the first Women's Glee Club was organized.*^ One of the first
directors was Mrs. E. B. Patterson, whose husband, member of the mathematics
faculty, directed one of the first instrumental groups at Trinity.^ Women's
choral groiq>s have giren public concerts (usually one a year) erery year since
1930. Since 1932, howerer, the Women's Glee Club's primary function has been
to train female voices for the University Chisel Choir. Mrs. J. Foster Barnes
has been Director since 1927.

B. Musical Combinations

The first hint of a musical combine on the Trinity cantpus is that of
Tebruary 1894 when The Archive recorded the organization of the Grand Consoli-
dated Glee-Banjo-Harpsichord-Clevis Club. Since little credence is given to the
existence of such a club, the first combination is believed to be the Glee Club

end Orchestra Association, founded about October 1905. The purpose of this
organization was to coordinate the work of the instrumental and choral groiq>s,
and it was active until 1910 or later. ^^

Chronicle, Oct. 22 and Ho v. 5, 1919.

See p. 72, post.

Archive, Nov. 1905, p. 105.

Catalogue , 1910-11, p. 131.

.a *K

vo; L:

.-f ,+

.AJ-Jii.

f/r;^^::::. *r^.

^3lE'£«*Vt

.TS'-X %t*

- c. J -. . J ■ ' ■ ■

cirj.i ' . X"! -co ^ -■"

to «acHi*r . 'i TddciiyCi .^

i l-;.^.,U

.9X6. ,

In the Autumn of 1920 vas formed the Trinity Musical Cluhs, evidently
having the same function as the Glee Club and Orchestra Association. The func-
tions of the Duke Musical Clubs, as set forth in a hooklet privately printed in
1929-30, are:

1. To afford a medi-om for a more thorough development of musical talent;

2. To serve as an advertising agency for the University;

3. To take axmually two concert toiirs. This phase of activity inspires

musical talent and is a reward for hard work.

4. To furnish wholesome entertainment on the caaspus.

5. To play an important part in social and religious functions.

6. To furnish enjoyment and entertainment for thousands who txme in

weekly on the Duke University Hotir of radio broadcasting from
station WPTP at Baleigh.

7. To aid in the employment of self-help students. ^^

This may he taken as a statement also of the functions of the Trinity Musical
Clubs during the preceding decade.

The first concert by the Trinity Musical Cluhs was given in Craven
Memorial Hall on Hovember 20, 1920.^^ The Men's Glee Club, the "syaphony"
orchestra or one of several student dance orchestras, the varsity male queirtet,
and whatever outstanding vocal or instrumental soloists were enrolled for the
particular year usually constituted a Musical Clubs' concert unit. Vocal music
was directed by Mr. Barnes, with George S. (*< Jelly**) Leftwich— who was engaged
as Director of Orchestras in 1926 — directing the instrumental. Leftwich' s Uni-
Tsrsity Club Orchestra was usually the instrumental portion of a touring group.
This arrangement continued through 1934. In that year Leftwich and his jazz
orchestra, most of the members heing no longer students, went professional — the

^^Chronide, Sept. 28, 1921.

The Musical Clubs of Duke University, op.cit. , p. 3.

^^Ibid. , p. 5.

p<i

,iii,Vju^ .Uci.-

r.:?!^ *i.Q i

r*.i at

•0 snv

■? f»*i

r'f .M

( •'Xi

group had been filling dance and theatre engagenents for Beveral years. In
September 1935 came Robert B. Fearing as Director of Instrumental Music. Zhe
difference between yoced and instrumental music became more distinct for those
engaged in caatpus musical a^tirities, and by iprll 1936, when the Instrumental
Music Association iras organised, the Puke Musical Clubs vas an inactire organic
cation. Though the name is still used occasioneCLly in connection with either
Tocal or instrumental performances by student groups, there have been no officers
of Duke Musical Clubs since 1936.

There was a Women's Musical Clubs combination during 19S&>26, but
evidently it did not live through the summer and was not revived. It was com-
posed of women's choral and Instrumental grot^s and its purpose was virtually
the same as that of the Duke Musicakl Clubs, though its activities were more
limited. ▲ Women's Mandolin Club had been organized in September 1922;^^ this
and the Olee Club probably made up the Women's Musical Clubs. The first Women's
Orchestra of which any record has been fotznd was formed in February 1928.^^ ▲
few women students have been members of the Concert Orchestra nearly every year.

The Instrumental Music Association was established under Fearing' s
supervision "to bind together the band and orchestra into a strong central organi-
zation." The group's founders hoped to establish scholarships for instrumental
msicians and to sponsor concert tours throughout North Carolina and adjoining
states. Units in the Association have been: the Field Band, the Concert Band,
the Concert Orchestra (or "Little ^rmphony"), and the String Qjoartet. There was
a string quartet during 1936>37 only. The field band is active dTiriag football

*^Chroniele, Nov. 4, 1925, p«6.

Chronicle, Sept. 27, 1922.

^® Chronicle, Feb. 8. 1928; Dec. 3, 1930.

■■,:i

< -

iciijt lut-^aA ott

).rv+ :«

rt 4

.•T -r ;: -r:ti

•viiat- ■ il.ic V .fjr-X'

season. The concert tand gives three or four programs a year (some on the lawn
at Woman's College). The concert orchestra usually gives one concert a year in
addition to playing for the annual operetta and other occasional stage produce
tions. The caatpuses' interest in and readily availatle talent for instrumental
aosie is not yet great enou^ to enable the Director to present a program without
vnuBually great effort — except for a foothall game.

C* Instrumental Groups, Concert

f Discounting the grand consolidation of 1894, the first recorded organi-

17
sation of an instrumental group was the Trinity Band founded March 26, 1906

with W* M. Crooks, a senior of that year, as leader. The hand was eridmntly

inactive for several years following 1906, hut with the return of foothall to

18
popularity after Dr» Eilgo's administration'^ the unit was successfully revived

and has continued to increase in sice and musical ahility. The band ezxjoyed an

intermittent and uncertain existence until 1923, when it was reorganized by S, A*

Braxton, employed part-time for that purpose. In 1928-34 it was led by Dr. H. L.

Blomquist, of the Botany Department. Students then led the group until the 1^1

of 1926, when Leftwich was engaged by the University. He was leader until the

Summer of 1934. In 1934-35 the band was led by Johnny Long, senior who also

directed his own student dance orchestra. Since 1935 Fearing hat directed.

Prior to 1926 the band included only 20 to 25 instrumentalists. TTnder

Leftwich' s direction it attained a membership of 70, and in Fearing' s second

year, 193&-37, reached a total of 95 members—the first time Duke had had a

^'^Chronicle, Har. 27, 1906.

Football was banned at Trinity from 1895 to 1920. A brief history of the

sport at Duke is given in Southern Coach and AtM.ete (111,4) for Dec. 1940,
written by Ted Mann of the University's publicity staff.

. V

U-T i/r:'^''.'., i ^\ i<S& US 3i

' — (

. , . ■■ '■ v;i-c» . ' -it* ft.. . A^J-^■

wai oo-ii^'<5X nl

,>>«»^i5R'f;

^:r.no;- .' ,0V 10 q ' i a'jl:Jo**xii» a'iioiv*

•>ri»--t: , ..—

fully^ixxstrumented band. Concert bands under Fearing' 8 direction have been
limited to about 45 pieces.

Lef tvich directed the band in Sunday afternoon outdoor concerts as
early as the Spring of 1927. Sunday afternoon concerts on the lawn of Voinan's
College (sonetimes at the Woodland Stage) were also given under Securing' s direc-
tion daring the Springs of 1936 and 19S7. The first full-length indoor concert
by a Duke band was given in Page Auditorium on February 7, 1938, under Fearing* s
direction. Slue and white West Point style full-dress uniforms were acquired in
September 1936, replacing less colorful uniforms purchased during Leftwieh's
early period. The Field Band now accompanies the football squad to most games
away from Durham, and participates in occasional civic parades throughout North

Carolina.

19
There is recorded a "concert orchestra** at Trinity as early as 1905,

but this was most likely an ensemble of no more than six or ei^t pieces, and

was quite conceivably built curound the Mandolin Club, which had been formed in

1903. It was not until 1919 that the effort to organize an orchestra attained

success.

In that year. Professor E. B* Patterson, as director, organized
a concert orchestra of eleven pieces. Professor Patterson worked
very faithftilly and made much progress. In 1926, G. S, Leftwich came
to Duke, and in a very short time after his coming, the orchestra
developed by Professor Patterson was organised into the Duke Sysrphony.
The Biembership of this orgeuiization numbered t«renty-f ive , which was
almost twice the number of any previous orchestra on this campus.^

Under Leftwich the orchestra grew to include once in a while as many as thirty-
five instrumentalists.

* The Musical Clubs of Duke University, op.cit. , p. 7.
^Ibid., p.7.

•St «<? hi

'i'.i'T

r^Xfi

j:'7oyV aci

r fti^ *»Is';*'ft ;^f».

•i!. q 2j:;'cr ^.Lr- ,.> .;T

\ I Bft Y : -

* f-,..- 4.

.^-.n.•^T

iji; KMUiJtit

I vr .r)"^* ;

fie T(,j-

r rro'Cj^« " . rt

.ao.':;Joat.ri

. ■■.flii.ux. .

ix*.

.5j»r.r~

JX;,'^

^1- )

- i'ltK* a." ■'fjR-'X'a SB »Iirr

^A' i '

The orchestras have never attained syotphonic proportions; since 1935
the groups have usually been referred to as concert rather than syotphony orchestras,
jlctually, there has been no continuous existence of a concert orchestra — unless
the 20->piece group directed by Johnny Long for Qaadrangle Pictures during 193&-34
could be considered such. There has been no yearly series of orchestra concerts
(though nevspi^er publicity has often mentioned the annual programs as "first of
the season's series"); consequently there has been no formal organization of a
concert orchestra. Each program has necessitated the assembling of a more-or-less
new group of players— -and there has seldom been more than one public performance
by a group of this sort during any one year. There is and has always been a
dearth of student talent interested in working toward the maintenance of such
an orchestra. Fearing has enlisted the interest and participation of instru-
Bentalists among the faculty, and his orchestras have also included musicians
not connected with the University. The first full-length concert by an orchestra
was given under hearing's direction in Page Auditorium May 13, 1936*

> Just as a new orchestra has been formed for each concert, so new
ensembles have been rehearsed for each operetta or other stage production requir-
ing an orchestra. The only exception is the groxtjp which played for Wednesday
night presentations of Q^adrangle Pictures for two or three months during 1933-34.
Members of Johnny Long's orchestra constituted the nucleus of this group of some
twenty students. Their compensation was passes; interest waned after a few
weeks, and the programs were discontinued.

The Women's Orchestra has had a different history from that of the

Concert Orchestra. It was preceded by the Women's Mandolin Club, organised in

21 22

September 1922, and was organized in Pebrtiary of 1928. It has seldom numbered

^^Chronicle, Sept. 27, 1922. ^Ibid., Feb, 8. 1928; Dec. 3, 1930.

:-\^\r,P f -> .-tlif ' ■ ^'^/ *'J*'i

Lifts ? ■-■^'i on

F ti'^'>'d'

r^ -x

^, i ».rff

,*ii.-»jni eif-ci ..":.M.i£

..■;.:tj: , ,

^^l

**< ^

3 ..nag

lib^P^^^^^l^^t V '^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^1 — -^m^^i

§^^ 2m r ■^^— M -;;g

^K W

1^ ^^HB -

1 1

«»s

m. '

^-'1^9

F '> ^

^)r ,

^^^1

1 ^9

"i^^

Bore than a docen pieces, and has seldom made pu'blic appearances, tnX its members
meet regularly to play for their own benefit and enjoyment. The groiQ> has
appeared occasionally with the Woman's Olee Club in caatpus concerts. Some of the
players hare appeared in Concert Orchestra concerts since 1935. Miss Eralyn
Barnes led the Women's Orchestra from 1928 to 1939; Miss Julia Wilkinson(Mueller)
since then*

One other women's instrumental gtovp remains to be mentioned. In the
winter of 1938 a trustee liring near the nation's business center had a daughter,
age about thirteen, who was interested in playing the ukulele. Schedoled to en-
roll at Duke when her yesirs should be accomplished that she should be a co-ed,
the young sub-debutante thought it would be nice to Join a ukulele club when
she became a collegian. Her father, ascertaining that Duke was minus such an
organisation, suggested that one be formed, and followed his suggestion immedi-
ately with a shipment of two dosen ukuleles. Miss Svelyn Barnes was designated
to instruct interested young ladies in the playing of the South Seas sound-box,
and in May of 1938 she reported considerable enthusiasm on the part of more than
a dozen students. The grcnxp was not formally organized, however. The project
was not reyived in 1938-39, the trustee's daughter being then fourteen years old.

D. Instrumental Groups, Popular

One of the chief reasons for the small interest in symphonic and
concert music is the great interest in (which not infrequently reaches the pro-
portions of a craze for) music of a quicker and more exciting tempo. Such music
(thou^ the rendition is often a profanation of the term) was called ragtime
before the World War, Jazz until about 1935, and since then has gone tiy the name
■wing. Its chief characteristic is rhythm; melody — whenever there is any — is a

jaitfis;-

:X at-

i.i^ j-t;f.:f3'

A.'i 't<- ;r

1 v

i f{ r r ^ -III ' 1-

strictly secondary consideration. Poor fannf oik who are raised on cornbread,
fat1}ack and molasses cone to prefer such Tlctucds to choice resta\urant dishes;
so many conteisporary yotugfolk render themselves incapable of appreciating musical
fare prepared, tj the masters; they are often proud to he called ''Jitterhugs. **
Since swing is popular, there is money in it. Since many accontplished student
instrumentalists need money, they "string it** as members of dance orchestras.
Thus they usually lose, or do not acquire, a taste for serious music* This
accounts to a large degree for the great amount of effort required to assemble
and rehearse a concert ensemble or symphony orchestra. The brass section inrari-
ftbly includes members of a "swing band."

Dancing to the tune of Jaez bands became a sort of universal craze
anong the socially and onotionally immature "younger set" soon after the World
Var I, and the mania attained epidemic proportions on the caa^uses of liberal
colleges. Trinity had considered itself a liberal college even before the famous
"Bassett incident" of 1903, but since that historic controversy, had boasted of
its liberality. Nevertheless, conservatism was deemed impropriate in many phases
of college administration, and the licensing of such social diversions as dancing
and card-playing fell in this category.

Dancing among Trinity students had been a problem as early as 1889
vhen a String Band was organized — daring the presidency of John Tranklin Crowell,
who imported a ntunber of liberal ideas from Tale. The Archive suggested that the
String Bajid's music, mainly in connection with square dances, did not set well
with the majority of the college community. Baring "Dr, Eilgo's administration,
of course, a dance on the Trinity caisp-as would have been comparable to inviting
Lucifer himself to give a chapel talk and stay for dizmer.

I Favorite bed and breeding place of the St* Vitus germ on the Trinity
cas^us was in the fraternities and sororities, which have been referred to as

isatr

■^.-.X^-'-i

~\'*-:^.v/ii. n:i*v

«y»TO J.-

lA'is^u:

t' .1

-y'-r-txl ^,+'>';«P;

■'.>i6t6''

,afcKt/

.11 1 'c.rtfi:f

no t'

li ■■■ ■-■ J f)

:«-*r ;'. it-'.''' *

"glorified dance clubs." These groups held dances off the caucus in the early

1920*8. The first dance approved tj the University was the Junior From held in

23
the Washington Duke Hotel February 11, 1927. By 1938 dancing had become such

a popular pastime that there was an average of about three a week throughout the

academic year. These affairs ranged from unpretentious '*'T' Open Houses" to the

twice-yearly Co-ed Sails, decorations for which were reputed to cost more than

$1,500 for each of the two affaire (not paid for hy students, however).

While dancing at Dake is sometimes done to the accos^animent of mechanical-
electrical reproducers, most of it is to the tune of student orchestras. With the
sanctioning of dancing on the cas^uses after 1926 there came a need for music (so-
called) in the flesh, and there have heen two or more student dance orchestras
nearly every year since. Precursors of the student orchestras ("Jazz bands" or
■Swing bands") which have flourished since 1926 were the String Band organized
about 1889,*^ the Troubadour Band of seven instruments organized in November of
1892,^ and the Mandolin Club organized during the Winter of 1902-03.^ The
last -mentioned group seems to have attained a greater degree of respectability
among the less athletic lovers of music; a mandolin sextet was a unit of the Glee
Club and Orchestra jUsociation dtiring the years 1905-10. The mandolin's popular-
ity with Trinity students continued until the middle 1920' s, the Mandolin Club
tnjoying intermittent existence until about 1926.

When "Jelly" Leftwich came to Dake in 1926 there was no student dance
orchestra. He was instrumental in organizing the Blue Devils, which he directed.

^^Chronicle, Feb. 16, 1927.

^Archive, Oct. 1889, p. 16.

^^Archive, Dec. 1892, p. 127.

Archive, Jan. 1903, et seqq.

•3 9d.i 't'J 9P'

, ^ .C' ■•

. I^JV

•f.cf,!Tt!voT'T nr "~"t**'

viif/.

■>o +h

0\yiy i'J-.LC

SK)i:;:v v!il'> •».)

■. • , ,■ , vr

r, f :»• -v-vv^' ,

Ft -ov-^ r- f. 'i

-r.c o*.'* fiu»»ri"

• *r - r- £ ^

9i a*i

-,rf. ^.'^

oj: Ja?»nK-.-t'T-'.l

r f «■! it

,J«*DS'*,tl.

and which in 1928 became the Dhlyersity Glut Orchestra. Bill Laeeiter (later to
become a Haleigh lawyer) was a member of the first group. Within a short time
there was room for another dance orchestra on the castpus, and Lassiter organized
his own, titled it Sill Lassiter and His Blue Devils. The Boyal Doke Orchestra,
organized in 1926,^ was probably cosiposed of about the same personnel as Leftwich's
original Blue Derils. Blue Devils continued as the name of dance orchestras until
1936, when Les Brown and His Blue Devils began their professional careers. Bill
Lassiter and His Blue Devils were followed about 1930 by Chip Lehrbach and His
Blue Devils.^ Hick Laney (the "Croonin* Halfback'*) and His Blue Devils followed
in 1931. Brown was saxophonist and clarinetist with Laney, and assumed direction
of the Blue Devils when Hick left in 1934. His, the last of the Blue Devil bands,
left in June 1936, toured Sastem and Midwestern states for a year, and disbeuaded.
(He has since organized another orchestra, though its personnel includes few if
any Duke altimni. Leftwich also changed the personnel of his orchestra when he
left in the Summer of 1934, and soon changed his professional name to Lee Dixon.
His orchestra played at prominent hotels and resorts in Eastern states for several
seasons, before disbanding about 1939. Leftwich is now manager of a hotel in
Vine ton- Salem, H. C.)

An orchestra somewhat smaller than the Blue Devil groups was organized
%y Allen Stanley in 1932-33, and called The Blue IiDps. The grot^ played at
Beeves' American Inn (restaurant in front of the Courthouse) for several months.

The outstanding Duke sttident orchestra to date is that organized in
the Tall of 1931 and styled Johnny Long and His Collegians. Eleven freshmen

^"^Chronicle, May 23, 1928.

Chronicle, Dec. 1, 1926.

^^ Chronicle, Sept. 16, 1931.

S'V

i -■;■-:

: '..r

■ .'s^oii • ■■ dot:'. . " .

•crx^To - 'tfjllr^et d^.fiwoxoe ii-^Jeo-iwit: .

.■*r-.i«:f

r-.'.-' 5;.' ■ .'.• •• flAi-i. '?^

I to

^-lix-i-'

vare la the original group, and seven of the original eleven were members of the
orchestra in 1934-35. Long, a left-handed violinist of considerable talent,
gathered around him a group of genteel, ambitious players most of whom were
interested in careers in popular music. The orchestra gained such popularity
that by its senior year it filled more dance engagements off the caiopus than on,
and made frequent week-end trips to points more than 200 miles from Durham.
The orchestra's evening performances in the University Union and in The Ark on
Woman's College campus were occasionally of such musical quality as to merit
the name concert . Leavizig the casipus in the Slimmer of 1935, Johnny and the Col-
legians toured for a few months, then began a series of hotel and resort engage-
ments which has continued with increasing success.^ (Long's Collegians are not
to be confused trith an earlier orchestra organized by '*Foots" Glover, called
limply The Collegians, which was heard for a few months during 1929-30.)^^
1^ Durham's radio station, VDHC, began operations April 10, 1934. Al
Preyer, first-year student, organized an orchestra in the early Fall of 1935,
styling it simply Al Preyer and His Orchestra. The group was engaged for several
months by the Hotel Washington Duke, and played in the main dining room three
evenings a week, a half-hour of each program being broadcast over WDNO. Like a
number of other Duke student instrumentalists, Preyer customarily made at least
one crossing each summer to Europe, organizing a small instrumental group to play
on board ship for the price of passage, occasionally filling engagements in the
British Isles or on the Continent. When he returned to the can^us in September
1936, Preyer joined Frank Gerard and His D-Men rather than revive his orchestra.

''^See story in The Delta of Sigma Bu Fraternity, Dec. 1940. Also stories in
Long's Jacket in Alumni Office, Duke University.

^^Chronicle, Max. 26, 1930.

■'Cfl <=i tov

,no rt'

iiTrH^' c^ «j9 ieJ •

'.t)'J P'

:i::te*

•^Ti'CJ

t--' --U. '^i'

-i^-n

't r.-'.~

"fTlYflT ft.

In the Tall of 1934 Sen Boush, a first-year student with more Inislness
ability than academic enthusiasm, was taken with the idea that Duke students
should have access to a night club. The result was The Palais d*Or (opened on
December 15, 1934) , vhlch iras operated for about two yesors as a dine-and-dance
spot, two nights a week for a while, one night a week during most of its life.
The Palais d'Or was located on Bozboro Street, on the second floor of the build-
ing facing the First Presbyterian Church. A new student dance orchestra was
organized to furnish music, with Douglas Motley as leader. The name Duke Ambas-
sadors was taken. Johnny Long and His Collegians and Les Drown and His Blue
Devils were the two main bands at that time, 1934-35. Long's orchestra was to
graduate in JTune, which would leare a nice place for another band in 1935-36.
The AmbasscMLors reorganised late in the Spring of 1935, engaging Joe Bvirke—
•ecosiplished pianist and talented arranger — a^ leader. Joe Burke and His Duke
Ambassadors toured during the Summer of 1935 and came back strong in the Tall.
Barke led the orchestra for nearly two years, and was succeeded by Howard Winter-
son (in the Spring of 1937), who was succeeded in September 1938 by E. B. (Dutch)
M^illin, "hot" clarinetist and saxophonist who had Joined Brown's Blue Devils
during his freshman year (1935-36), toured with Brown daring 1936-37, and returned
to Duke in September 1937. When he graduated in June 1940 McMillin turned the
leadership of the Ambassadors orer to Yincent Courtney.

The year 1935-36 was last for Les Brown cuid His Blue Devils. Al Preyer
vas busy at the hotel that year, so it appeared there woTild be room for another
band (besides Preyer 's and Burke's) in 1936-37. Frank Gerard, diminutive young
scholar and musician, therefore organized The D-Men in the late Tall of 1935.
(The name is a pun on 0-Men, the popular appellation given agents of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, at that time enjoying a wide following among newspaper
readers and patrons of motion pictures.) Thus, for a few months, there were four

(

.^i~£.Ui» i.

■^.^^

I • + ..,

i-..,v )

OCX* a

;6£>£liV 0^

,^s&.

» student dance orchestras. Preyer Joined Gerard In Septem'ber 1936, and Howard
Vlnterson took orer leadership of The Ambassfltdors. fhus, there was no band free

to play for The Palais d'Or. Accordingly in November 1936 Johnny Hansel formed

32
a band which made its initial appearance at the down-town spot on November 7, 1936.

The unit lasted only a few weeks; it went under the name of Johziny Hansel and His
Swing Kings. This was the only band that year besides The D-Men and The Ambassadors,
which units survived it and were the main music-makers in 1937-38 as well. In the
7all of 1938 Preyer assumed direction of Gerard's gro\:^, and went back to the old
name of Al Preyer and His Orchestra; while "Dutch" McMillin was beginning to lead
The Ambassadors. In the Pall of 1939 Ja^ Pay ton, who had been zylophonist and
drummer with Gerard, organized an orchestra, which shared the campus with McMillin' s
Ambassadors durizig 1939-40. The unit which succeeded the Pay ton group (some of
the players being the same) was titled Bill Elder and His Blue Dukes; with Vince
Courtney's Ambassadors, this group furnished most of the campus dcmce music during
1940-41. Phil Messenkopf organized a band which made a fair beginning in 1940-41.

(Among other attesipts at dance bajid organizations, which have left
little if any record, was that begun by Ted Huston in 1934-35, and titled The
Grand Dukes. The groxtp was introduced at a "7" Open House on January 10, 1935;
but evidently made only one appearance. ^^)

While playing for dances has been the major source of income to student
bands, a coaotpensation almost as inportant has been afforded by the caiqpus dining
halls. Since 1932 the student "swingsters" have been in the same general classi-
Ifleation as medieval minstrels who had si^^per only after singing. A chief dif-
ference is that the modem music(7)makers perform after supper, in the lobby of

^^Chronicle, Nov. 6, 1936.

Chronicle. Jan. 11, 1935.

ot -s*-

0 90ir
0^ uc

, 1 1':-\.iii:-rv . i?o

it v^

i.:wc. '! Li r

:Xi« J", I.-r:?

: ■r^'.- I n

-- ,4 ■, 5-

r>.,t fiwooff ■

eno 'ilfio

'Vf

the TJxiiTersity (Vest Caarput) tTnion and in The Ark at Vonaa's College, playing
from 6 o'clock until 7, in exchange for two meals a day* The performances are
usually attended hy 150 to 200 ''Jitterhugs, " who rend the close, heavy atmos-
phere with occasional shouts, and take advantage of the rhythm of the instru-
nents (which is the chief product of the players' ofttimes strenuous efforts)
!l to indulge in demonstrations of unrestrained ecstacy (or is it lunacy?), known
variously as "truckln ' , " "posin*," or ''peckin'." Indulgents in this ahorigincd
ilrite — who are usually too young to have intelligence — consider it the thing to
'' do; and it is reasonable to estimate that about a third of the student body is
adept at this sort of exercise.

\9 B. Other Musical Groiq>s

I Of an almost entirely different character from other organizations

^■entioned in this chs^ter is the Music Study Club of Woman's College, organized

(

'February 1, 193S throu^ the good offices of Mrs. J. Foster Barnes, Miss Evelyn

Barnes, and others,

as an honorary society, with elective membership, for the purpose of
recognizing the ambitions and abilities of Duke women in the field of
music. Through the years the club has grown from a small, practically
unknown group to an organization of prominence on the caoapus. It is
endowed with a real appreciation of one of the most beautiful and
appealing of the curt s. 34

The club usually has a membership of forty to fifty. Meetings are held once a
■onth for the discussion of timely topics in the realm of music; demonstrations
(miniature recitals) are often given by members of the Club or by visitors.

^%ary Eleanor Erummel. Sketch in files of News Service, dated Nov. 15, 1937.

->.iS »1:

t .■ t.(

f ..■.-:f.'t

TM ,«•

fhe Club usually preeents at least one concert artist or lecturer each year,
tome times in connection with the University Concerts Series.

In addition to groupa previously mentioned which are concerned with
either specific phases of music or music in general, three Greek-letter frater-
nities have heen established to recognize superior musical ability. Lambda Phi
Gemma, a national (T) honorary music fraternity, established a chapter at Trinity
in 1923, but it was active for only a short time.^^ Delta Upsilon Beta, local
honorazT^ band fraternity, was established in Msirch 1927,^^ with the purpose of
petitioning Ee^pa Es^pa Psi, national honorary band fraternity. A charter %ra8
granted June 2, 1929, and Delta Upsilon Beta became Alpha Gamma chapter of Eappa
Eappa Psi.^'^ This organization recognizes outstanding members of the college
1)and, and these are usually given membership pins in a ceremony at one of the
home football games. The order occasionally sponsors band concerts, entertains
bandsmen with smokers and other social functions, and has an a.Ttminl Spring dance,
the "Baton Ball." The organization also assists the Director of the Band in
Bomerous ways.

An organization intended to function in the fields of both music and
stagecraft is the Hoof and Horn Club, founded October 1. 1956. Harvard had for
many yeeurs had its Hasty Pudding Show, Pennsylvania its Mask and Wig, Princeton
|t8 Triangle Club-- the main escuse for their existence being the production of
an annual original musical comedy. Peter Callahan, junior (1936) from New Tork
City, persuaded a number of fellow students that Duke should follow suit. The

^^Chanticleer, 1923; Chronicle, Nov. 26, 1924.
^^Chronicle, Mar, 30, 1927.
^"^ Chronicle, Oct* 16, 1929.

_-,.^i;.^ ■• -,-j^.-++nr_

hi-ilfs'r

U.t ?:

r.»«-' ,'-:. T

•r"^ I:

e^ffi

r<,-r'h f!

-,t' f ■Ti." '^:5.t.'?<^ .tC I

CO i;s

K, v.^ ,

J' 7- <^o

- - t - —

^STt

Hoof and Horn Club was the result. The project was giyen publicity in The Chronicle,
stiidents were invited to submit scripts and musical numbers. A script %ras decided
on and given the title, '*The Devil G-rins." It was scheduled for production on
February 22 and 23, 1937. I^aternity rushing and other activities offered such
coatpetition for student interest that the project was abandoned before rehearaale
had proceeded very far. A Chronicle notice of j^ril 26, 1938 indicated atteorpted
revival that year, though no other record has been foxind until 1941. Under the
sponsorship of the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council, the Hoof and Horn Club did
prepare and present a show in Page Auditorium, May 8 and 9, 1941. The title was
"Say When.** It enjoyed a warm reception from the caaipus audience, and evidently
netted a fair profit for the club. The production was generally announced as "the
first annual production*' of the Hoof and Horn Club.

F. Drama Organisations

The earliest recorded organized drama grotqp was formed in the Fall of
1920 and given the name Trinity College Dramatic Society. It was a women's
group, organized as a branch of the Athena Literary Society. ^^ Men were euimitted
about 1921^23; in March 1924 the group became Taorian Players. ^^ The Taurians
vere directed by Mrs. Paul Gross, wife of the head of the Chemistry Department;
I the group presented two or three dramas each year, until February 1931 when the
name was changed to Duke Players, with A* T. West (a newcomer to the faculty) as
director. Duke Players usually give four public productions each year; in recent

38
"Chanticleer, 1921; Chronicle, May 15, 1929.

^^ Chronicle, Mar, 12, 1924; May 15. 1929.

Alumni Register, Dec. 1931.

ti.

jrears each production has been glren two performances. The productions are
patronized by an average of perhaps three hondred faculty members, students,
and others in the University community who follow campus drama with a fair
degree of constancy; the remainder of Duke Players' audiences are susceptible
to advertising and publicity, which has been sufficiently effective to keep the
organization financially solvent. Duke Flayers have presented a few amateur
premieres and a number of original one-act plays by ])uke students; most of the
productions, however, have been well->known dramas introduced on the legitimate
stage several seasons before. The dramas are presented in Page Auditorium; the
Little Theatre (constructed in 1927-28) in West Duke Building is used occaiiion-
ally for rehearsals. Practically all Duke Players are in A« T* Vest's classes
in drama. Membership is voltmtary. The group occasionally holds private meet-
ings of a social nature, as well as for the reading of plays. Introduction to
risiting stage talent, and so forth.

Closely related to Duke Players is the North Carolina Alpha chapter
t Theta Alpha Phi, national honorary drama fraternity, founded January 1925. ^
nils group recognizes outstanding dramatic ability and performances by inviting
:he campuses' more prominent thespians to membership. Its other activities are

Iilfflost entirely of a private nattire.
Short-lived drama groups have been: White Witch Dramatic Club, begun
In 1927^^ and active for about three years; Southgate Dramatic Club, mentioned
m 1929-30, which may have been the same group as White Witch. At any rate, both
rere composed of women students. The Heligious Drama Guild was organized in

^3- Chronicle, Jan. 7, 1925.

A history of the first ten years of Duke Players was published in the Durham
[omlng Herald of March 3, 1941. Also in Hews Service files.

^^chronlcle, Oct. 24, 1928.

-■ ■ i ■.. ■•.iOr

"^rvj.t

■''•,.y.f4 .

, -ioaJu;

,.t:s5;

,. i

.I9aju;'.tw

iW»Vii A-v' ;

October 1933 1)y mem'bers of Professor H. E. Spence's class in religious drama
and a few other young thespians. *^ Its history was brief.

G. Professional Presentations

The campuses have witnessed performances in the fields of music and
stagecraft by a number of performers outside the realm of student activities •
Trinity College had concerts and recitals by outstanding musical artists as
early as 1900. Various groi:^8, including the A. A. U. V., Music Study Club,
Instrumental Music Association, have sponsored castpus performances by visiting
Busicians. Since 1931 most such concerts and recitals have been presented under

the auspices of the University Concert Series, an official University project
<•

44
lanaged by J. Foster Barnes. Pour or five individuals or groups of inter-
national reputation are usually presented each year. Duke Players have spon-
sored caatpus performances by a number of professional drama groups, including
the Avon Players and Federal Theatre Project groups. The Tuesday Sveninig
Recitals ^onsored by the T. M» C« A. were outstanding features of the enter-
tainment calendar tron 1931 to 1938.^^ Madame Borgny Hammer and con^any gave a
;>erformance of "The Doll's House" (by Ibsen) in October 1933 on the University
Concerts Series. The Coffer-Miller Players (two in the company) have become a
regular feat\xre of the Summer School entertaizunent program, which has also in-
duded other stage and concert performers of wide reputation.

*^ Chronicle, Nov. 8, 1933.

A list of artists appearing on the University Concerts Series during the

first ten years is on file in the Hews Service, 1941.

See also p. 54, ante.

moHlif?'

:v:jo'-

ijf'

.L v' 'J J I '.v. V l^

E. Qpadrangle Pictures

Since its first presentation in February 1928, Quadrangle Pictures,
the campus moyie» has been operated by students, under the supervision of the
University Motion Pictures Conmittee, and since 1936 by a aianager eotployed full-
time by the TMiyersity. W. M. Upehorch, Jr., president of the freshman class in
1927-28, and some of his classmates had been acquainted with a student-operated
Bovie at K. C* State College in Baleigh, and thought a simileir idea would be
Appropriate at Duke. It was a time of beginnings and the Administration was
favorable to the suggestion, sponsored by the student Y. M. C. A. Equipment
was installed in the Auditorium (Woman's College), and film was exhibited there
on Wednesday and Saturday evenings until the Fall of 1930, when Page Auditorium
vas first used. C. Bay Carpenter, president of the "T" during 1927-28, was the
first manager. Upchurch became manager following his graduation in 1931; he
•tudled law and assisted Dean Herbert J. Herring and Assistant Secretary Charles
I» Jordan in various capacities for the next five years. After receiving his
LL.3. degree in 1936 he became a full-time member of the University's auiainistra-
tlve staff, with the supervision of Quadrangle Pictxires one of his several Jobs.
7rom 1931 to 1935 various student groups (Duke Players, Johnny Long and His Col-
legians, Men's alee Club, University Club Orchestra, and others) were associated
vith "Qaadrangle" from time to time, being presented as "added attractions." The
"Qpadrangle Birthday Party," a gala annual student- talent show until 1936, has
since then featured "big-name bands" and professional entertainers. In 1936 was
inaugurated an extraF*curricular course in theatre management, studied by all
student ea^loyees. ^ Instruction and practice are given in five phases of

Motion Picture Herald, May 23, 1936, published an approved history of the
campus movie. Additional data is on file in the University News Service.

i; 3 1.x- ;hi tf pj'

ii. ;

ift/s;

•u'j

exhlljiting: adTertlslzig, house service » technical stagecraft, selection of film
subjects and arranging programs, and booth work (projection). While most employ-
ees have regarded working at "Quadrangle" merely as a means of earning necessary
Boney, a few have used the experience as preparation for full-time work in theatre
management and several have heen enabled to more easily obtain vacation Jobs.
Since 1936->37 there have been about 40 students on the staff. The average wage
is about $15 a month, most of this beisg from KTA appropriations. Profit has
been distributed between the 7. M. C. A. and new equipment for Page Auditorium.

:1\ Ic ;u JL«to<^It^ 1 (i'

-T^y..,, ;_^...i.

''ti !*■.•'

(l£uc^

^-/;- ^0

1 t

' 1

'-V

Chapter 71

ATHLSTIC OH&MIZASIONS

Cat-"ball, "rasslin* , " and other rustic sports were kno^m to residents
of Randolph Coiinty "before Union Institute was established in 1838, and there is
little evidence that more sophisticated forms of athletics gained nruch populari-
,ty hefore Trinity College moved to Durham; for the first record of organized
athletic activity is mention of a Tennis Association, in The Archive of Hovemher
1891. The evident poirpose of this organization was primarily to provide and
maintain tennis courts, the college "budget making no provision for such facili-
ties in those days. In Octoher 1904 the Tennis Association "became a part of
the Athletic Association, which had "been reorganized in 1903, There was a
Tennis Association, or Cluh, \intil ahout 1912.

fThe Athletic Association was "begun prior to 1903, "but evidently did
not thrive until after the reorganization of that year; and even then did not
enjoy the whole-hearted support of the student "body. In 1907 it was succeeded
by the Athletic Council, which has continued to the present time. The Council
was esta"blished "by authority of the Board of Trustees, and its original memhership

Archive, Hov. 1903. W. W. ("Cap") Card, Director of Athletics beginning
in 1902, has no recollection of an Athletic Association prior to 1903. He was
a specialist in gymnastics, "but keenly interested in all sports. He organized
the first Trinity track team in 1904, and had a meet with W. C, State College.
'He also introduced several other sports at Trinity.

consisted of: three members of the faculty, appointed by the President; four
members from the local Alumni Association; and four undergraduates, one from
each class, elected by the classes. This representation has remained sub-
stantially unchanged. Chief functions of the Athletic Council are: formal
approval of schedules and matters of policy recommended by the Director of
Physical Education and other University officials, approval of awards of mono-
grams and trophies to individuals and teams (on recommendation of the coaching
staff). The Council meets infrequently.

There was a Park School Athletic Association from the time of the
establishment of the preparatory division in 1898. It was reorganized in Octo-
ber 19067 and revived from time to time thereafter.

There is a Duke University Athletic Association, but it is not a stu-
dent enterprise, strictly speaking. Since sports has come (since 1925) to be a
laajor source of income as well as a major subject in the curriculum, the Athletic
Association has come to be practically the same as the Department of Physical
lEducation. This Department gives full-time employment to some three dozen
'persons, including the coaching staff. Corresponding to the original Athletic
Association is the Intramural Division of the Department of Physical Education.
.Managed by students, and supervised by the Physical Education faculty, this
division conducts an annual program of extra-curricular athletics among canrpus
groups (fraternities, house organizations, classes, etc.); its function, among
undergraduate men, is similar to that of the Woman's Athletic Association among
aadergraduate women. The intramural program is the chief concern of a full-time
faculty member. There is a student manager, named by the Athletic Council, and

^Chronicle, Sept. 18, 1907.
Chronicle, Oct. 17, 1906.

assisted "by a student staff. The program is financed "by appropriation from the
University hudget and entry fees paid "by participating groups.

Jot the last two decades foofball has "been the most popular sport at
Sake, as at other American colleges sind universities.

Duke [GJrinity] and University of North Carolina, who are still
the "bitterest of rivals on the gridiron, played the first game of
foofball along the modern day lines in the state and it was, as far
as is known, the first in the South. Other teams had played hut it
had "been Eughy.

Duke won that first game with North Carolina at Raleigh, U, C,
Thanksgiving Day, 1888, by a score of 16-0. . . .

Duke's first big season came in 1891 when the Trinity boys . , ,
went undefeated. . . .

But the sport started getting up the ire of the professors —
there was talk of professionalism even back in those days — so in 1895
the Trinity faculty voted a ban on intercollegiate football.

At first it was thought the baji would be lifted in a few years
' but years passed and continued to pass. Each class as it came into
the University would endeavor to get the sport re-instated but met
with no success until 1920 v;hen Duke resumed the sport.

Student agitation for reinstatement of intercollegiate football became especially
vocal in 1913-14, under the leadership of Beal H, Siler, '15, Chronicle sports-
writer. Some of the students most interested in football discussed the question
and began a more or less systematic program to influence student, faculty and
trustee opinion in favor of the sport. There is no record of formal organization,
though the Chronicle of May 13, 1914 mentions Siler as head of the Football Club.
Practitioners of several specific sports have from time to time organ-
ized fellow players. Among such groups have been: Handball Association, organized

Southern Coach and Athlete (Decatur, Ga.), Dec. 1940. Anonymous article
rritten by Ted Mann and A. A, Wilkinson, of the University News Service. (The
Jtory has also been published in numerous other journals.)

March 23, 1914;^ Golf Club, first organized in January 1919 under the direction
of Dr, Prank C, Brown, and evidently revived in the Winter of 1928 under the

leadership of Bill Jennings, with the encouragement of John Sprunt Hill (owner),

Hillandale Golf Course; Fencing Club, hegun in Decemher of 1902 hy "Cap" Card

("but the group soon lost interest), and "begun "by him again in December 1926;
The Duke Stirrups (freshman horseback riders), organized in 1932-33; and Twi-
light Horseback Riders, who took a few rides in 1935-36. (See also women's
groups mentioned below.)

■ In 1903 was organized Tombs, local honorary athletic order. Being a
secret society, it has left little record of activity besides annual initiations,
the "informal" part of which has usually consisted of the black-faced, pajama-
clad initiates cavorting around the campus and in the stadium on the day of a
football game. In April 1907 Tombs was incorporated and given a charter by the
Secretary of State of Korth Carolina. In 1923-24 the society proposed to foster
interest in Trinity College among high school students, ^^ somewhat in line with
the activities of 9019^^ and the Greater Trinity Club;^^ but left no record of
inaugurating such a program. A Chronicle headline of December 13, 1935, read:

5
Chronicle , Mar. 25, 1914. There was evidently no formal organization; a

manager and assistant manager were named to supeirvise handball activities, pro-
bably by the Athletic Council.

^Chronicle, Peb. 13, 1919. "^Chronicle, Feb. 1. 1928.

I ^Chronicle, Dec. 15, 1926. Por a few weeks in the Pall of 1939, Steed Rollins
'(Managing Editor of the Durham Morning Herald) coached a few interested students
in fencing, but there was no formal organization of the group.

Chronicle. Jan. 11, 1933. Membership was limited to eight, because of the
lumber of available horses.

Organization encouraged by Pisher's Riding Academy.

^^Chronicle, 18:20:6. ^^See p. 127. ^"^See p. 28, ante.

TOMBS B2QRGMIZ3S
IN UnaXPECIED MOVE
TOV/AED KE¥ STAOJUS
-o-
Traditional Honorary Athletic Order Seeks to Regain
Place of Importance on Dake University Camtpus

Whether this place of importance was regained is not evident from published
records, "Tomhs Night" was iintil about 1937 one of the chief bugaboos of first-
year men. On that dread date, never announced beforehand but usually in late
Autumn, no freshman's posterior anatomy was safe from the brooms and sticks and
paddles of the hefty Tombstone brothers. "Tombs Night" eventually came to be
the excuse for considerable rowdyism on the part of upperclassmen not members of
the order, and its observance was discontinued, more from student pressure than
from disapproval of the Administration. In recent years Tombs has sponsored con-
tests among fraternities and dormitory groups to determine the most attractive
parade floats, house entrance decorations and other displays in connection with
the annual Homecoming celebration,

A large number, though not all, of winners of letters in athletics are
invited to membership in Tombs, Thus the order has had some connection with the
"T" Club, organized in Itorch 1912, ^'^ which became the "D" Club in 1925. Its
members are also considered members of the Varsity Club, organized May 1, 1926,
which embraces all wearers of the "D" (or "T"). The Varsity Club has been
revived and reorganized from time to time, the last time in the Fall of 1940,
when a lounge and game room in the new gynmasium was designated as the Varsity
Club Room,

1/L

'Chronicle, Mar. 6, 1912.

Alumni Register, Jan, 1928; Sept. 1934.

(Che Chronicle of May 14, 1934, reported estaljlishment of the first
Southern chapter of Sigma Delta Psi national athletic fraternity at Trinity.

No f-urther trace of this organization has "been fo\ind.

16
Connected with athletics in about the same way as The Trident Cluh

was a group formed in October 1927, known as Les Marquis, The group, evidently

not formally organized, was headed by Bob Hatcher; and its primary function was

to provide vociferous support to the football team. It differed from the

"chieering section" or more recent years in that it was composed of upperclas smen
only, while the loudest cheering at football games of 1940 came from the freshmen.

Earliest women's athletic organization was Delta Phi Hho Alpha, local
honorary society, established in 1921, The sorority, somewhat similar to Tombs,
honors about a dozen outstanding women athletes each year by inviting them to
membership. The "informal" initiation — during which new members are required to
wear funny clothes, no cosmetics, and carry rolling-pins and other domestic
utensils with them throughout the day — is the society's most notable activity
as far as most of the community is concerned.

In 1923 there was formed a Women's Riding Club; and there has been a
j similar organization most of the years since then. The 1940-41 group took the
'name Pegasus,

At a meeting of V^omen's Student Government on March 1, 1930 there was
I outlined a plan for establishing a Women's Athletic Association, which was
j accomplished within a few weeks. Membership is voluntary and usually includes
30-40 percent of the Woman's College student body. The Association has chairmen

"^"See p,42, ante.

^ "^Chronicle, Nqv. 9, 1927.

Chronicle , Mar. 5, 1930.

for various sports, to encoiirage interest and arrange contests. Its program is
confined almost entirely to the campus, there "being no regular schedule of inter-
collegiate athletics for women. The Association is advised "by the Physical
Education staff of Woman's College.

The Nereidian Cluh was organized in the Winter of 1929-30 by students
interested in swimming. The I<Iodem Dance Group was "begun in 1936, though there
was no formal organization until the Pall of 1938,^ Both groups have "been
particularly active in recent years, under faculty supervision.

^^Chronicle, Apr, 16, 1930.
News Service files.

dle^.^f^^

Vt^1£>^-

Chapter VII
]*RAX1£NITIES JJSD SQEQRITISS, SOCIAL

While there Is no prof-undity in the ohservation that the species
homo s^iens is gregarious, it is nonetheless interesting to observe the group
formations of s^s in college. There have he en cluhe of like-minded persons
ever since Adam, or one of his early grandchildren, hecame bored with the men-
tal menu of his own fireside; and it is to be si^posed that there was a more-
or-less exclusive fratemit^r* at the first college. So strong is the compuLsion
to be a joiner that societies of one sort and another have existed sub rosa
in many institutions which have fro%med on the idea of organized groups within
their jurisdictions.

Since early times, collegians have formed co-operative clubs for
economical provision of necessities. Sating clubs are perhaps most common in
this category. The Greek letter (or "social") fraternity is somewhat related —
though seldom for the purpose of economy it would seem. Generally speaking,
fraternity (and sorority) moabership at Duke adds $150-$200 a year to the
student's expenses.

"''Most collegiate fraternities suad sororities give themselves the title of
"academic" societies. On the campus, they are considered "social" clubs, while
the real fraternities of scholars (Phi Beta Kappa, for exaxnple) are known as
"honor societies." These distinctions, popular and aptly descriptive but not
official, are followed in this chapter.

3li

b^^iiTi&^to to jea^l »Qi ao J:*-n»o

■ -iO f'9.T~^''

Li.i» *"•

A. Men's Undergradtiate Groups

Twenty nationally-organized -undergraduate men's fraternities have
chartered groups at Dake» and one of these was founded here. Since the general
ban of 1879 only one fraternity has been discontinued — Phi Sigma Delta; and its
demise was not from outside pressure hut from insuffiency of inner strength.

It was on Horemher 28, 1871 that Chi Phi (Southeni Order) Pratemity
formally established a chapter at "Old Trinity," giving the institution its
first connection with an intercollegiate social society. Alpha Tau Omega
followed in 1872, Kappa Sigma the next year, and Phi Delta Theta in 1878. It
was in 1879 that the Board of Trustees "banned all fraternities at Trinity, and
for eleven years the college claimed no fraternities.

At Duke, as at other colleges and universities, fraternities have
received undue credit for annoyances and devilment of many kinds. There is
still a pronounced inclination among the off-cantpus public to regard all
fraternities as clubs for refined and moneyed hoodlums. While college frater-
nities have occasionally furnished justification for such a view, most groups
perhaps deserve better reputations than they have with the general public.

The Greek letter fraternity is the outgrowth of man's natural desire
to associate himself with men of similar ideas and ideals with vJaom
he has a common bond. . . .

It is a ^dop of men with common ptirposes, living, playing,
studying together, with an tuderlying feeling of deep friendship.
It is a grcvop of select men, each of whom contributes to the grou^
and benefits from this association with chosen brothers of the same
character. It is a group of men united in a high ideal, beautifully
expressed in their secret ritual. It is an association that makes a
man of the youth who entered college, and sends him out into the
world pdsed and self-confident, and, more important, surrounded with
a grot^ of friends who will be close to him through life.

Because the fraternity neither accepts a shoddy prospect nor
tolerates a weak chapter, one's loyalty is not restricted to his own
chapter, for evexy man who wears the badge is a brother. • . .

,8Tei cl -»>-»*>.'rT' n.*.r«G li^ &fiiB tififty: t"9a 9d: jsmaiS rtqo,%X «?^Br rtl f'*?^^

•.-?»*,nft d^i^IXoo eJ.frfV .^irmlboori. bvz'^nom btxB jb^crilst Tot acfxfXo 5« J9«i*xm^

• -:• :^--- ,voi -• i! ....;> xo- froJ^Jso.rtx^^at'r. is.isXrr:':'' - 'Xaxioi^r:^.- .^'/.aj-' =-' '"
,3xX±uq .usi<3ijs<i ad^ il*iw ©v^ \9di luafi* axio t*«?xrqi»rr rre***^! anrtea^Xi

s-iiea.'i X • ad* - t©;**^: - -* ^.<T

% « •

. s.

S. .:

a ii^

ri*Jtw -us* , . ,

. This description of Greek letter frateznitiee — from a pantphlet issued in 1959,

or before, "by The Chi Phi fraternity— is the ideal which all fraternities no
doubt profess. Their constituencies being human, no fraternity attains the
ideal*

Somewhat in contrast is the following specific history of the back<-
ground of the present Chi Phi chapter at Duke. This information is from first-
hand observation, and is not the "official" history of the fraternity. In many

respects, it is representative of other fraternities at Duke,

On February 15, 1932, a group of outstanding first-year men met
with Dean Dean Mozley Arnold and organized themselves as the Zeys
Club, with the intention of petitioning Beta Theta Pi, one of the
"big three" fraternities of the Miami Triad. For two years the gtaa^
was a strong one, Including several unusually outstanding students.
Dean Arnold died on February 13, 1934. The Keys Club seemed to lose
strength immediately, Vhile a chapter room was maintained, in House
G, for two or more years longer, the grou^ had practically succumbed
by the end of the year 1935-36.

In 1935-36 came Boosevelt Der Tatevasian, Arthur S. Pawling,
Hilliard Schendorf , Beid Holmes, and several hundred other freshmen.
I^r Tatevasian, a suave politician by birth and training, was active
in the Spring political campaigns on the oaotpus, and by the end of
his first year was a popular figure. He headed the Duke Post of the
Veterans of Future Wars, which organization was not revived in 1936-37,
and attempted to establish a chapter of DeMolay at Duke. Pawling was
an outstanding student in business administration; Schendorf revived
the slumbering Duke 'n' Duchess humor magazine, %dth Der Tatevasian as
business manager, and Holmes (Pawling' s roommate) quite naturally
became a member of the group. These four, with a few others, organized
the Independent Party during the Spring political season of 1936, and
won over both the Blue and White candidates in their class elections.
(Der Tatevasian sided with the victorious White Combine in the 1937
Spring elections, and was named to the Publications Board — which is
another story.)

In the Pall of 1936 Beta Theta Pi was not at all favorably
ii^ressed with the decadent Keys Club. Smest Winton, moneyed but
congenial member of the early group, approached Der Tatevasian, during
October of 1936, on reviving the Keys Club and renewing the petition
to Beta Theta Pi. Der Tatevasian, ioipecunious but popular, decided
to work with Winton. A few of the hangers-on in the Keys Club were
not popular men on the campus, and did not make a good impression on
the members of Beta Theta Pi at Chapel Hill. It was therefore decided
that the Keys Club should be abandoned and a new grov^ organized.

. .. .-. Hi
-i^foad ailJ lo \;'xoi3lii oilloaqc aaivcllol e*!^ si Jast^iioo ai i&dvm:: Z

i^ir^.. . * .v., iji'i.-:.,.--i- 'cic jair: = I.-^iolt^tc" erf* v+on •* "' " .^ ..aoiiJSTTCee

qrroTS ad;* axaa^: owe loi ,i>.':'.ii- iizs^i.i a^xi in ^&lii>ii.ei&t1 '"cO^i-I* 5ii<f*
.aixjaTjii;*' ■ '^''" -'••-• -':xL'*JS3tiatf X.si«t«« '^ ' "*■ ''■ , ""' .---i-- jj aen,

93jtoE nl , b3nxi'.^ -riisar .3«w ooci i3*r<^o b slii .i .^i ^-

tstfr-cooife ^IIsSC ' to.-jic Ji«ri qxrOTg ad* ^i-i "ifi9\ 4. . .. ^ ... .. .v

.. - . xaax 9J"^:f "ic Sjie ad* ^^d"

svi*0£ 3£w , • rittic' x*^ ^z*-otit' >*fil -loC

lo I>a3 sir ... .^. . .««•> dri* -?• ^- .v. . > ed* al

«di "^e *2o'i ©Kx/I Q I* . an . « 8A>.r xr&.-; i^rl^ aid

S ti Isvirst too. Uiivw , ?.i»^«T

- ,-, ...ilwsa ,!J:>ti»<I *s ,....-• ... -. ....■:> « d8... ..., . - --s fcoa

b9:siFisvto ,si9ii*o we'i « il*Jtv ,ixjt>^ ssadT .r- -J

'to n^H&t$

TofcX ed* c .<iTO*.'>: 1 rusi8jr7»*sT if^

5i rioidw»-/>ir ^ j^^iici' I 3C1* o» I»^iis« •*»■*' i-Xi ,8''

*iA. „. , . . ,_ :. . „.. - . - :..'. . . :. .•^-'•r^rrtl

■ : ■ - -■ - ■ ■ ■ ■ • ac . ■ ' ^ '■

S19*; oxiIC ry:»l ad* al :io-Bi9^xu.vrf ed* lo we^ A ,aoiam diiw oCtow

Vintoa, being a fifth-Tear tindergraduate , did not Join the group, but
agreed to give it his moral support — and was expected to give more
tazigible aid. When the more tangible support was nor given, the new
group, named Alpha Chi, looked around for another "angel" and found
that Douglas 7e]*ris, senior whose family was reputed to be wealthy,
was not a member of a fraternity but would like to be. He was invited
to membership, and was made first president of Alpha Chi. (After
graduation he donated a set of curtains to the chapter room, D-103,
which helped to create a slight feeling of brotherly love where prac-
tically none had existed before.)

Still without an "angel," Alpha Chi pledged Colden Craig, •40,
whose father was freqfoently mentioned within the grou^ as being Vice-
president of Clyde-Mallory Steamship Lines. His mother seemed especi-
ally interested in Colden becoming a Beta Theta Pi, and young Craig
seemed interested in Alpha Chi during the early part of 1937-38, but
soon lost active interest. H, Grady Gore, a prospective little "angel,"
did not return to school in the Pall of 1937.

Thus, in 1937-38, Alpha Chi was an impecunious group of somewhat-
better-than-average students and athletes. A chapter room, D-103, was
rented in the Pall of 1937, and rent was paid during the remainder of
the year, although the grot^'s finances were frequently in a bad way.
Several members were pledged during the year, but none with a great
deal of money. Gerald Griffin was the biggest acquisition of the year,
he being a junior and very much interested in getting Alpha Chi accepted
by a big fraternity* During the latter part of the year Carolina's
chapter of Beta Theta Pi decided it did not like Alpha Chi's membership,
and decided to colonize at Duke (pledge Duke men, and let them join
the TJNC chapter until there should be a sufficiently large number to
organize a chapter at Duke). One of the Alpha Chi boys went over to
the Carolina Beta chapter in this way.

The Betas at Duke (alumni and graduate students) irere highly in
favor of acceptance of Alpha Chi, as was the chapter at Davidson;
but, according to Alpha Chis, the Carolina chapter (being largely
coa^osed of Southerners) did not like the predominantly Northern mem-
bership of Alpha Chi, and therefore would not give its consent to
acceptance. By June 1938 the prospect of Alpha Chi's survival seemed
dim, especially since Der Tatevasian, spearhesui of the group, had been
elected Chronicle Editor and said he would have less time to devote to
affairs of Alpha Chi.

Before the Carolina Betas began colonizing at Duke, depleting the
membership of Alpha Chi, the local fraternity had been approached by
two or three of the less prominent national fraternities, but neither
the members nor the University administration were interested in
having any but first-rate "big- name" fraternities. The best Alpha Chi
could do in this line was to approach Chi Phi. (The s^proaching was
a sort of mutual affair, as Chi Phi was anxious to re-establish the
chapter which had existed at Trinity College, 1871-79.) During Novem-
ber and December of 1938, 13 members of Alpha Chi pledged Chi Phi at
Chapel Hill, On January 21, 1939, eight of these were initiated

Ji'C

v^a odS ,ir9rvis "^on aaw

alulr^oaJ ©tor ^d" a . ' Ib aldli .tsJ

sl^tiJ

£ ,?"^ £J9f "^ «tf©8^

rf'frJai joa x>iij

8SW ,

■_fj/r»»*»,-«7»;» ri* 9^?^ wo P'

•tiS9i^ A cjriv ftroc j»c

*^«w

i-^riw

ci jasBflfts 9ii

" fclWR ,

-,:c ^*

throtigh Alpha Alpha chapter at Carolina, and Alpha Ma chapter (Doke)
was accepted subject to appro-ral of the national convention, in
Ao^st, The Duke chapter's petition was granted and charter approved
by the national body, and formal Installation was costpleted at Duke
on December 5, 1939. ^

The Duke chapter of Beta Theta Pi was installed October 6, 1939.

On the following sheet are listed Duke fraternities for undergraduate
men, with pertinent facts concerning each. Then, on following sheets are brief
histories of the individual groups. Most of these sketches were prepared with
assistance of student officers of the organizations.

%ew8 Service files.

,Me^,i ecivivv sv3«C'

100

HATIQUAL UKD2HGRA33UATE SOCIAL JHATBENITIBS AT DUO TJNI7I!RSITT

Iratemity

Chapter

Established

Predecessor
Organization

Alpha Tau Omega

Mar. 2. 1872
Revived May 30,

Unknown, if any
1890

Beta Theta Pi

Gramma Sho

Oct.

6, 1939

Keys ClTib, Alpha
Chi. Beta Club

Chi Phi

Alpha Ifa

Nov,
Dec.

28, 1871
5. 1939

Unknown, if any
Keys Club. Alpha
Chi

Chi Tsa

Alpha

Oct,

3, 1920

None*

Delta Sigma Phi

Alpha lips il on

Jan,

24. 1920

Stag Club

Delta Tau Delta

Delta Kappa

Dec,

7, 1928

Delta Delta

Kappa Alpha

Alpha Phi

Oct.

18, 1901

Unknown, if asy

Keqppa Sigma

Eta Prime

Peb.

28, 1873

Unknown, if any

Lambda Chi Alpha

Gamma Theta Zeta

Mar,

3. 1924

Beta Pi

Phi Delta Theta

K, C, Alpha

May 23, 1878
Revived May 20,

1926 Bachelors' Club
Epsilon Alpha Sigma

Phi K«ppa Psi

N, C. Alpha

Nov,

10. 1934

Sigma Delta

Phi Kappa Sigma

Nov,

13. 1936

Sigma Alpha Omega
Pi Epsilon Pi

Phi Sigma Delta

Chi

Expired 1935-36

Pente

Pi ILappa. Alpha

Alpha Alpha

Nov,

26. 1901

Unknown, if any

Pi Kappa Phi

May

6, 1915

Unknown, if any

Sigma Alpha Spsilon

N. C. Nu

Peb,

20, 1931

Psi Delta Sigma

Sigma Chi

Beta Lambda

i^r.

26. 1912

Ma Kappa Klan

Sigma Hu

Nov.

21. 1931

Goblins, Sigma Gamma
Bachelors' Club

Sigma Phi Spsilon

H. C, Gamma

i^r.

3. 1909

Beta Nu

Zeta Beta Tau

Upsilon

May

4. 1935

Alpha Pi Sigma

♦Pounded at Trinity, but no chapter here since 1929,

vIv^U 'A^i^'^X^

'ifJB It ,JSWO

difXO jet ? jirtv

"^'.^.lA .Oi.

IT8X .■. : .ToK

od^ &

' ifixQ t~

CSv^I t-

• . r;-'.-

•^^■'•L'^'

(fx-'IO

OS€I ,l€

,fMlt

uolisqii .-

jtdlf

./i ^c- ^'r^-^

?5«:.CI ,^

.o<

«qQ«2 ^^IS^I

A^XyC ii»T f.

xO^£ ,ix

• *a.

IH^*? iiic^^i-

ariqi^

'^i-

£V8X ,SS

.d©l

•Lii^'a «jK

i3P!:jisi i.

*se.{ ,2

.inM

bJ«^' ^5«ri^ r-

-... .:1k iiiC fil

(

^. "

CC- .'- .

AioriT «;^r-"

•

■-■

\>'1 irVi-Lt?

I^SCi ,cx

.TC^

aUqXiL .0 .K

Jta<l «5q:;r

-' -. «-«

dt^l ,

,o-

,.-'..•

lynsiB &qqjCi

i-'l

Q^ j^ZSf'^.

vrta li ,!Tv

.■icXeifr^«S:

lOQX ,^ .

.;d.M

xsGi ,r? .voJi

ec?^

"C^l*.

r> rt rf

noIJtBqvJ

iioXla<^ lri*I

:ir;i3 STtsn ^©.tqsifo oif I'-tf .AS^ri^iiTl *£ XJ«» '

101

Alpha Taa Omega

The Duke chapter of Alpha Tau C^ega was f oonded at Trinity College on
March 2, 1872, hy Joseph E, Anderson, Virginia Military Institute, and Moses L,
Wicks, University of Virginia, Twenty-five strident s in the first gronjp of
initiates included Turnifold McL. Simmons (who hecame United States Senator
from North Carolina) and Walter Hines Page (who served as Ambassador to Creat
Britain daring World War I, and for whom Page Auditorium was named).

Alpha Tau (kega's charter was surrendered in 1879 because of anti-
fraternity laws. It was revived on May 30, 1890 "by Robert W. Bingham (not a
Trinity student) >^o later became Ambassador to Great Britain,

Among outstanding recent projects of Alpha Tau Omega is the weeld.y
Sunday Sight "Sing, " a regular feature of caii5)us extra-curricular life since
1937.

Beta Theta Pi

The earliest recorded attempt to establish a chapter of Beta Theta Pi
fraternity at Duke Ihiiversity was in 1932, when on February 15, a grou^ of first-
year men organized the Keys Club, with Dean D. M, Arnold as adviser. The group's

intention was to petition the national order for a charter. The club numbered

several outstanding caucus figures among its members, but failed to attract much

money. The national order gave little encouragement toward petitioning.

Dean Arnold died February 13, 1934, and the Keys Club lost strength

immediately. By June 1936 the groi^ was practically inactive. Ernest Winton,

one of the early members and perhE^s the most wealthy member, was still

interested in establishing a coxmection with Beta Theta Pi. He approached

Boosevelt Der Tatevasian with the idea, and the organization of Alpha Chi resulted.

101

s j-off) lORTlr^nM ,Vi *t6<foH ^ 0C8X ,08 >5bM no J^srive-; eew ;j: .s^^i x^i^^'i- "

Vri so»rii' ac??: ' *e^ 0* tcmB^i& JieMtoot '^^oilijus 9-i'*

j'-.-r-r- -,r ..,«?^::rf^r . e: f--T^"F:. , . -^«;: dj.»v ^ci/IO s^'oTI e-^^ baaifrs-n.to n^c:

ioi./ - , ri*3i:'- 3r:3'^- -iii^: ^clJ03:i£:?D -; -~i:^5xiui:. r =■ r^x ■'

102

Alpha Chi vas established in the Pall of 1936 and granted a seat on
the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council in February 1937. It gained strength, was
s5)proached by two or three national fraternities; but persevered in the intent
to petition Beta Theta Pi.

By Pall of 1938 Alpha Chi decided that it could no longer compete
against sixteen national fraternities in the anrmal rushing without a national
affiliation. Beta Theta Pi was anxious to establish a Bake chaspter, but the
Chester at University of ITorth Carolina would not approve the Oaks body. Beta
decided to colonize at Buke, and one Alpha Chi member joined throu^ the Chapel
Hill chapter. Thus was begun the Beta Club, which on October 6, 1939 became
Gramma Sho chapter of Beta Theta Pi.

Chi Phi

Background of the revived Chi Phi chapter (Alpha Mu) has already
been given, Following is sketch on the original chapter (Mu), taken
from the C3IIT3MIA1 MEMORIAL VOLUME, published in 1934 by the Council
of The Chi Phi Fraternity.

The Mu Chapter at Trinity had one of the most brilliant histories of
any of the chs^ters of the Southern Order, both before and after the union.
In the Fall of 1871 a number of students at Trinity decided to establish a chap-
ter of a National Fraternity, there being none at the institution, Theodore
Winningham and John Daniel Hodges were the leaders. A former student of Trinity,
David Lewis Cheatham, had gone to Emory and there Joined the K^pa Chapter of
Chi Phi. Winnin^iam wrote him and in November Cheatham came to Trinity and as
the result of his visit the constitution was forwarded from the Grand Chapter,

and on November 28, 1871 the Mu Chapter was established with these charter mem-

bers: Theodore Winningham, William Capers Herman, William Ho%/ell Pegram, William

.--.rod" d>^ •rii avoTcqp *oa i>Ix,T>w Aflllonaw atiott it ^cfis-revlxrU *« ts;* i^
Ifirr-'O srf* f^j^C'irf* iftnl** r*'?"''?' ii^f ■iffqXi. •«© &«« ,flo{</<I is sstcolco oi LoblT.f
^iv^^'^'i eS€I ,3 t^tfc^v ix. ;*-i..>w ,u.,-iO £;^fi. .. w ruu^erf saw fx/r' ...,^„ ..-^

h:% iJO

neons' ,(i^«^'} •re^.:J5rIo

XDi Xi-fO ariT \o

103

Leake Terry, and Shadrach Siinpson. Hodges was not in college at the time lut
on his return he too joined the chapter. The chapter prospered from the start
and thro-aghout the short eight years of her life maintained a commanding posi-
tion at the institution. Severed years later other fraternities vere estahlished
and the rivalry hecame so strong that at a meeting of the Trustees June 12, 1879
a resolution was passed reqiiesting all fraternities to disband. Obe resolution
was submitted to the several chapters and at once accepted. Several tinsHccess-
fttl attempts have been made in later years to revive the chapter.

Owir^ to the high type of Mu's members they took a prominent place in
fraternity affairs. The ^aarterly was revived by Brother Hodges, and Brother
CVerman served as Grand Gamma. The roll contains the names of seventy members.
Thirty-six graduated from Trinity. Of the eight classes graduated, the vale-
dictorians of six and the salutatorians of three were members of the chapter
and more than two-thirds of the Society medals were c«^tured by the brothers.
Porty-foiir of the members are deceased and four saw service in the Confederate
side in the Civil War.

Chi Tau

Chi Taa was founded at Trinity College, October 3, 1920, by Henry
Belk, Merrimon Teagae Hipps, Samuel L. Holton, Jr., and Numa iVances Wilkerson,
It existed as a local organization -until the Spring of 1923, when on May 2,
1923, a joint meeting was held at Durham with Lambda Sigma Delta, a local at
North Carolina State College, This resulted in the formal establishment of
Chi Tau, which became incorporated under the laws of North Carolina.

Chf^ters were chartered at Duke University, North Carolina State
College, University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Presbyterian Col-
lege of South Carolina, University of California, Columbia University, Wofford
College, University of Illinois, and perhaps others. A quarterly magazine was
published for some years. The motto was "Esse Quan Videri," the motto of the
State of North Carolina. Internal dissension developing, the fraternity dis-
integrated in 1929. — Condensed from Baird's Mantial, 1935.

>0l

. .'!"

-;r^" ~*fiw vfro't "=•!<■ -••^: .5tt-^.'::V -•♦L^r

• ad* "380 .^^iixii'! noil bei&tfbar^ xls-^-

•■'^''.;; "^r^ ^(.-f'f'*^ * Jin': "■

104

Delta Sigma Phi

In 1919 nine students organized a club called the Stag Club. In
1930 this group petitioned I>elta Sigma Phi Pratemlty for membership. The
request was granted, and ilpha %>8ilon chapter was instaloed^ The new chapter
grew, and when Trinity College became Duke University and moved to the new
caucus, the chapter got a section in House R, Craven Qpadrangle. The annual
Black and White Ball in the Fall and Sailors' Ball in the Spring are outstand-
ing D,1!.S. traditions at Suke.

The nine charter members: Hilliard Chreitzberg Folsom, John William
Hoy Norton, Lloyd Bryan Hathaway, Villiam Paison Muarphy, Jr., Oscar Leonard
Eichardson, Alexander Betts Wilkins, Charles Ployd Woodard, LeEoy Riddick,
Richard Elton Thigpen.

Delta Tau Delta

Delta Kappa chapter was installed December 7, 1928. It was the
outgrowth of the Delta Delta Club, founded in 1923. Dean D. M* Arnold was a
member, and adviser till his death. In 1932-33 Delta Es^pa, with 55 actives,
broke a ten-year scholarship record among chapters of all 16 national frater-
nities having 50 or more ch^ters in the United States.

Members of the Delta Delta Club when it became Delta Tau Delta were:
Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr., Jamie H, Brum, Paul D, Veasey, Louis A, States, Worth
A. Lutz, John L. Woodward, Charles LaPair, Nelson Mc&ary, Alton G. Sadler,
Everett B, Weatherspoon, J, Pred Evans, George B. King, Theron A. Bone, W. Tate
Whitman, Joseph W. Mann, P, Jack Martin, J. Irvin Morgan, Jr., George E, Nash,
Horace L. Wise, and Robert M. Russell,

Delta TacL Delta has been one of the largest of Dake fraternities for
the entire period of its existence.

iol

• dxiiO -^tc Bdi osIXjbo dalo a bBslas^^to sizBl^L^ii* mala 6X61 g1

-^;i3*aiJi.c VIS -^Ai'iffi ■ ;-TcIi<»2 ''^ - (I^'S adt rrl If"'

.^ . T J» Tinoliltati ,C, ,
•jsllir.f xrr(flTw ,.ro»».r©f •a»r*H"»*|t.«»'T'fO &t#:iIHH tsi^o'.iwia ts^iaIo aalc 9i^
btnxtcal ,.- , ^-'^ '-'»lIXiV ,vijs»r.* '■'"■'" iraxiS fi^o.r^ ,,T-■^'=-•

.«? aw i)io.TiA. •>! .a afveCL . Z at bBbavot .cfxrXO ijji^CI «*X»cr 9tii Jo d^wo-

105

Zappo. Alpha

President John C. Ellgo is credited with encouraging the organization
of Alpha Phi chapter, vhich came into "being October 18, 1901. On that evening
W, G. Parker (Eta Chapter) and E, A, Law (Delta Chapter), members of the iUrinity
student hody, and V. D, Oarmichjtel (Upsilon Chapter at University of Horth
Carolina, then on the Dorham High School faculty, met in the 9019 Hall in the
Old Inn and organized the chapter. That same evening, D. V. Nevsom, J, M.
Ormond and J. P. Breedlove %rere initiated and named charter members. A tem-
porary organization was set t^, and E. V* Spencer and M. S. Hewsom, Jr., were
elected to membership.

The second year of its life, Alpha Phi's membership reached fifteen.
It has continued relatively small in size, and comparatively exclusive. It is
generally regarded as being predominantly Southern,

E. A. ' s first home on the University caucus was on the third floor of
House J. In 1955 it was moved to the fourth floor of House Gr, where headquar-
ters were maintained till the Fall of 1937, when two ch^qpter rooms were arranged
on the first floor of House G.

Alpha Phi chapter was host to the Convention of Smith Province of
K^pa Alpha in October 1937.

Kappa Sigma

The history of the Eta Prime ch^^ter of Eappa Sigma has been closely
'linked with the national organization from its beginning. Eta chapter being the
second grot^) to be installed. The original ch«5)ter at the University of
Virginia granted a charter and installed Eta chapter at Trinity in 1873. When
jfratemities were banned in 1879, Zappa Sigma continued sub roea and was

.01

'^..•■- -i'-- -.-i->

,M .L ,no3W9lI .W ,1 .^-dtaevs eass *adT .isi.^o ad* basisms^o baa. oc-
d'z^v' ,.i.» .-wsitf^ii .» .M ^-afi i«3rtsti£ •¥ , t:^ J38 saw noi- ■-S-rtaH's

.^teemi l>9rf035*?- -:-i^-T-^- <.^- p'*.-*^ ^^^-fA .?*/r 9*!^ *r t-r 5--^— o;^

r- -r-r- £».•> - ■ ";svi:r' .>-.'+ -■^< oiaotl tatilk a*.

- .ifKct 6u» b9imliafi0 i ax i)eaco8c siov aalJitt'r' :'j?

106

officially restored in 1892 as Eta Prime. Date of installation at Trinity was
February 28, 1873. For the last several years the chapter has had monthly formal
dinners for its memhership. Its ptuTpose, officially stated, is "to continue to
fulfill its heritage of prominence and leadership in every field of activity,
and to build character and fraternal spirit among its members."

Lambda Chi Alpha

In 1917 a local fraternity was founded at Trinity, and took the name
Bachelors* Club. In 1922 the name was changed to Beta Pi. On December 28, 1923,
Beta Pi was granted a charter by Lambda Chi Alpha. The following charter mem-
bers were initiated at Washington and Lee University on March 3, 1924:

Hal Aycock ^iver
Vrilliam J. H. Cotton
E. E, Perry
Thomas N Graham
Lloyd S/Elkins
Wayne Burch
Robert S, Burke
Jackson H. Bonn
Charles S. Hammond

Robert A, Burch, Jr.
Alonzo C^ Edwards
Ernest &. Overton
William G. Sharp
Jack E^ Anderson
Richard T. Hardaway
Linwood B* Hollowell
James M. Keech
John B. Midgett
Thomas B« Moore

Emerson M, Thoispson
Joseph C, Whisnant
Alton R, Barrett
Robert B, Billings
Macon P. Brock
William R, Brown
Edward W, H. Sagertedt
Joseph P. Roche
Loy P. Thoinpson

Before occttpation of the Thiiversity Campus, Lambda Chi Alpha was one of four or
five fraternities having houses near the East Campus, behind Bivins Hall. It
has been one of the largest of Duke fraternities since its founding.

Phi Delta Theta

Phi Delta Theta founding at Trinity College was on May 23, 1878.
5. M. Bulla, Philemon Holland, Jr., B. L, White, and W, H, Robbins were founders.
The charter was revoked with the abolition of Trinity fraternities in June 1879.
^ May 20, 1926, a new charter was granted, following effort led by Martin L. Black.

BOI

.tI. .n

■iT:-€

a' •

■

nc*

'id'.V

[

- f *^

^oJ

il .Cl^H aaivia fiaWetf .3; sri;? tH.-^a '^f^iircd ^ilrjsri 8«l?i;irx9*A'£'

.^allJiiool 8*1 »ofll8 aei;riari»*«'r'*. srlx.KI to i^Br-i-j^l sdi to sac nee

107

The local gravxp, known as Spsilon Alpha Sigma, had heen estahlished in i924;
there was some relation with the bachelors' Club.

In 1936 the tenth anniversary of refoTinding of the chapter was held,
with Arthur H, Priest, National Dzecutive Secretary, attending. Hhe Delta
Province Convention was held at Doke the same year. In 1937 the Horth Carolina
Alpha ch^ter was host at the national convention atCfld Point Comfort, Virginia.

Phi Eappa Psi

Daring the Spring and Pall of 1928 a group of undergraduates, under
the guidance of the late Dean D. M. Arnold, tound themselves into an organization
vhich assumed the name of Sigma Delta. In 1934 a formal petition was submitted
to the National Szecutive Council of Phi Ee^pa Psi I^atemity, and in J\ine of
that year a charter %ras granted to Sigma Delta as the North Carolina Alpha
sh^^ter of the order. The chapter was officially installed November 10, 1934.

Founders of Sigma Delta are unknown. The following students were

sharter members of Phi Zc^pa Psi:

Robert T. Dickerson Albro Sumner Travis

0, B, Newton, Jr. Charles T, St. Clair, Jr.

Joseph S. Shieferly, Jr. Edwin W» Smith

Bobert 0. Wade David G. Watson

Charles W. Zehnder, Jr. Charles S. Dale, Jr*

Theodore P. H.Boepple Richard P. Bellaire

James S. Allardice Charles H. Baker, Jr.

Eomer H. Haydock Richard L, Beazley

Harry Wright, Jr. Frederick R. Lauther

Russell J. Forrest William A. Boepple

Caleb Van Wyck Smith, Jr. Howard Eastwood, Jr.

Harry B. Carmen, Jr. Richard D, Jenkinson, Jr.

Donald A. Stewart Ceorge R. Bailey, III

John S. Rose Henry H. Dils, Jr.

Lawrence L, Gent Lloyd Russell ^^^''^^^^^^^yigoj.g

Janes Edward Heniy Robert S. Rankin )

Howard R. Oetz

he Doke chapter was host to the District Convention in the Spring of 1937.

C-Tf

,-v ».

leC/lfJ , 2 S7--^L'.Oi. •£;--£?■

jM'O-i.,', i: <JSS/ -0

*a>

ac. , '

•T .A

T'J tJiv

108

Phi Eappa Sigma

On Novem"ber 12, 1926 was formed Pi Bpsllon Pi, local fraternity, with
the following charter members: James W, illison, Jr., George Thomas Ashford,
Lawrence Seall, Boselle Sowd, Owen !!• Dowd, James Wilbur IHittrell, William T.
Hamlin, Walter Harold Hayes, A« J, Hughes, Jr., J. ilton Price, Cecil C, Hankin,
Edward Shore Haper, Owen Sutton, and Samuel N, Wrenn. Or, Bert Cunningham, H,
M. LeSourd and Coach James DeHartC were faumlty members •

In September 1928 was organized another local fraternity, Sigma Alpha
G^ega, with the following charter members: William B, Oulbreth, Harry W. Davis,
Ealph W, Ponville, William H, Harrison, Jr., William C. Hauss, Linville E.
Midge tte, J. E. OliTer, Lester A. Smith, and Fred J. Welch.

In 1933 Sigma Alpha Omega received permission fran the Grand Chapter
of Phi Eappa Sigma to initiate members of the local into the national organi-
zation through Lambda Chester at University of North Carolina. In 1934 per-
mission was given to call the Duke group the Phi Eappa Sigma Club. Pi Epsilon
Pi joined this group May 13, 1935, and Kvl Chsgpter of Phi Ecqppa Sigma was
officially installed on November 13, 1936.

Phi Sigma Delta

Chi Ch£^ter of Phi Sigma Delta, national Jeirish fraternity, was
Installed March 9, 1929. The last records left by the organiratlon were for
the year 1935-36. It was in 1935 that Zeta Beta Tau established a chapter at
!>ake and became the center of Jewish life on the campus. No explanation has
been found for the expiration of Phi Sigma Delta, nor have the names of charter
nembers been learned. Evidently, the chapter never had great strength.

Phi Sigma Delta succeeded Pente, organized in 1926-27.

,f^'tr^l3A ?-?.:-■'':' '-•^i::'?'^ ..tT. ,n ^IfTA .W 89f>»a''^ :»^!«»'f-:'9f!i 7»**t&£l3 ■^twoLLi.
,jii,:lftaa .: XloeO .snit^ iicJXA. .^ . . x' .j-vaVH ." .A ,3fr/,AH fcloofiK ts^IisV

,l).':m9f£t1 L&ocl TOf(*oas baslaas**^ saw 8S6X ladadJ-^^S nI

:,™^*j^ -rf* fflot'i /lOiesiiiTtS!? I>dvldo9i -r^d-aO adqlA d:a:^lS EZ^l al
-i'9>r ^Sei al ,^ni loisl "te %i laiav inh iB t^iq^O *ii>tf^pJ il,s>i;o'xrI;J ;'

• f.S

.aiivsaso 9dt flo sill riaiweL "to tQisteo 9i

109

Pi Zappa Alpha

Sdward Octavius Smlthdeal, Sll Wade Cranford, John Dallas Laziest on
and Charles Darid Bdgerton signed a petition to Pi Kappa Alpha yrateimity for
a charter for a chapter at !Erinity College, and the ch«5>ter was installed on
Novemher 26, 1901. It is considered the fifth oldest of Duke fraternities.

Pi Kappa Phi

Ma Chapter of Pi Kappa Phi was hegan hy colonization. Official
Installation was on May 6, 1915. Charter meiobers: Carl Frank Bunting, Arthur
Russel Council, Emmet Fitzgerald Gill, Dewey Cecil Hickman, Sari Long, Leon
Oathbert Hichardson, Bernice Owen Rigshee, Janes Balph Hone, Frank Metthews
Lasser, and Thomas Joshua Swain.

Sigma Alpha Spsilon

In the Fall of 1926 several close friends among undergraduates formed

a cluh, evidently without a name. On May 1, 1927, the group decided to call

itself Psi Delta Sigma. Charter members were: Samuel Freeman Nicks, Jr., H,

Manrin Sherard, Helson Ireland, Jr., Jordan James Sullivan, Haywood S. Lynch,

Charles Orayson Biggs, Donald R. Lumpkin, Sari H, Lutz, Vade H. Myers, R. W.
I
Lamm, and C. Brian Aycock. Faculty advisers were Drs. S. V, Kelson and Clement

Vollmer. The groizp became N, C« Ihi Chapter of Sigma Alpha Spsilon on February

30. 1931.

sa:i^-^

'■,r«.T«.- ->*?" t.^

r^ liSvjS ^f'ltXA iiflr«:i£

110

Sigma Chi

During the year 1910-11, or before, there existed a small social
organization without name, with A. M, Proctor aa chairman. On ^ril 8, 1911
this group hecame Mu Eappa Elan. Ha Kappa Elan was chartered as Beta Lamhda
of Sigma Chi on March 28, 1912, and the cheater was officially installed on
J^ril 26, 1912. Charter members: 2dward C. McClees, Claude Bennett, Thomas ?•
Pace, Harvey VT. Tomage, William W, Button, Oscar B, Darden, Paul H. North,
Hubert M. Hadcliff , Don H, Kirkaan, Marvin C, Terrell, Daniel V, Maddox, James
Cannon, John Thomas Moon, Jr*, John M. Thon^son, ?red W. Terrell, Hobert L.
Tove, Jtmius H. Sose, Alexander M* Bonner, Walter G. Sheppard, and Ben H*
Houston, Jr. The chapter has continued as one of the largest and strongest of
Dolce fraternities.

In April 1936 Beta Lambda was host to the biennial Pour-Province
Convention of Sigma Chi.

Sigma Ku

iiarly in the Pall of 1938, three brothers in Sigma Nu (Phil H,
Crawford, Jr., J, William Braswell, and Harry P. Taylor— all of whom had
been initiated at other colleges) organized a club with the purpose of
creating a Sigma Hu chapter at Duke. Other clubs had been established in
previous years for the same purpose, but they left no records. On January
14, 1929, the three brothers met with other interested students and decided
to call themselves The Goblins. As such, the group was recognized until 1931.
Other prominent Goblins were Ben Powell, Andrew Bickett and Charles L. Major.

Installation was on Kovember 21, 1931, following granting of charter
in Aoguat of that year. The chapter was given the name Gamma.

:/i

t£d Horiw ^0 IIb— •xoI'iJB* •i i,ttfi^- baa ,1. iteiii*- •"/ ,.*u t-io/- -^T;

.■:'-:,iu-t ,1 .'SlrrsjlO btf£ Jie^Lot^ ,d^'iJ^is^ .ii^wci ii-e-. ote<# saixCC-L^ Jjia^iiac'':- lori*
;ait'i&rio *o ^iJcai^ :^JtwcIIo'i ,ISei ,XS rtddsafrcK no ajsw aoiieiiaiJaixI

Ill

Charter meml>er8 of Gaoana of Sigma Nu: Claire T, Crenshaw, Ponald ?•
Marion, Henry P. Richards, William ?• Reed, Richard A. Broherg, William S.
Martin, John C. Long, Jr., Philip L, Franklin, Donald W. Miller, and Aiaea W,
Villiams.

ibiong other previous groups vhich had at one time or another e:qpre8sed
desire or intention of petitioning Sigma Hu were the Bachelors' Club (founded
in 1925) and Sigma Gramma (founded Octoher 5, 1925). The gror:^ vhich founded
Chi Tau on October 3, 1920, had also expressed some preference for Sigma Su.

Sigma Phi Spsilon

The only historical facts which have been established relative to
Sigma Phi Ilpsilon's N. C, (rajmna Chapter are that it was installed ipril 3, 1909,
and was preceded by a local order known as Beta Ku,

Zeta Beta Tau

Freddy Sington, who was for a while on the football coaching staff,
bad been a member of Zeta Beta Tau at the University of Alabama. In 1932-33
he led the movement for establishing a ch^^ter at Duke. The first grou^ was
kaown as Alpha Pi Sigma — Alpha Pi being for the brother chapter at Chapel Hill
and Sigma for Sington. The organization was rather loosely-knit till 1934-35,

when Sam Rogol was elected president. Original members were: Abe Altermaa,

llWlbert Cohen, Milton Weinstein, Irwin Friedlander, Nathan Weinstein, Sidney

Volt 2, Sam Golds tein, Harry Ginsberg, and Rogol. Joe Abrams, a senior law
student, was advisor to the grov^ after Sington left; Abrams had been a member
of the order at Vanderbilt University.

LLl

■ ^ 9i^.$ ©now x/Ti ^^iS salAclJl^sq io coIJae^ni r» ei

.jtfW «*»£ BJ? avejfTH lefenc UccI « ■?;« Jja-.ftc;eiq^ s^v
IIe<f*ool 6£;> ao aJ ' ict afiv orfw ^nci-uxtZ ■^i^L9^1

112

,. Alpha Pi Sigma beeajae Upsilon chapter of Zeta Beta Tau on May 4,
I
1935. (The name is sometimes given as Alpha Upsilon.)

I Since its installation, Z. B. T. has consistently earned the top

scholastic ranking among Duke fraternities. It was founded at about the time

of expiration of Phi Sigma Delta, and has been the ojily Jewish fraternity at

Dake since that time.

Others

All college fraternities, like other secret societies, have their
origin in Preemasonry. The first recorded attenipt to organize an independent
Masonic order at Duke was in October 1919, by a groiq) which called itself
Acacia. Evidently the order did not stirvive the academic rigors of the year.
During 1930-31 there was an attempt to form a chapter of DeMolay. Occasional
mention is also found in 1931 of a Masonic Club. It may be that reference is
to DeMolay. In 1936-37 there was another attempt to form a DeMolay chs^ter.
5?heta Nu Epsilon, local social fraternity founded in 1914, continued for two
or three years; in 1916 it was known as The Thirteen Club. In a student news-
peqper for March 1925 is found mention of Tellow Dogs social club; whether this
was a fictitious society is hot known,
fl The following local gro\]p8 have not been identified with any national
fraternity, according to available records:

Alpha Gkoega Sigma, established 1929. Evidently died the same year.

Alpha Sl^na Tau, 1911-13. Mentioned in Chanticleer, 1912, 1913.

Alpha Zeta Phi, 1915. Mentioned in Archive, May 1918.

The Dons. Organization reported in Chronicle, Oct. 26, 1932.

Keys Club, 1921. Not to be confused with Keys Club of 1932, which
Ijecame Alpha Chi, then Chi Phi.

?.ll

,1^ -^i iic ii;-;j. £:^'^ i\^Bi, ^.0 •2:-;,^:o ar.:J:gq_v es.Jiz-^< ^":-^xc i-i r^,;!^

5ie.i*C

t-9ji4a ^varf ,3di^aioo8 vstode -sari*© ?»3ii.' ,s©x*irt9^«'5'i 930X1^9 SSJk (

o^gi lot bejsnUffOo .MSX ci rsbstyot x*Jta':»*A'ft lelsoa XeooX .xiollaqt irll a:^ai|
--■•-■*■ ■»■-©■-, ," .■"'*''^ i.-co.-t-. *-,r^ B.r" -»(. ^ o£d[ saw ^1 o" '" ■:■; ■■'■■-^'"; sstxiJ'

lac ■ • -f' "<^- *"- * "<^'- rnrf aqL'cia ^oqI r^iiwoIX' ' =» "i*

Sii;* b^th x^^aehlrii .^QI larfelXdiBiso ,&T>>t2 bjjBcC adrtJA

.uI^X •';fiH f&yjfw^i^ r.i £.©iivi-*i&.*I .CXCX ,Xu'=L £.'' - -...-X*.

iioXdv ,^?:ei Jr. dulO ^ cbX rl^^^ : '=.3z;l.v-"! Ad" .-f^ ... : .-'-rr A-ra'-

. XiiTi Ia'aS itfaiij ,*ii3 &;qX4 o:i'r. ©

113

Omega. The only reference to this organization is found in Baird.
Our Gang, founded Nov, 5, 1932, Reported in Chronicle, Nov, 30, 1932,
Owls, founded atout 1890. Mentioned in Archive, Oct, 1891, p,35.
Phi Eappa Delta, 1930-31. Mentioned in Chanticleer and Chronicle Oct.

,J7, 1931,

Kehels, 1906, See Alttmni Register, June 1928, p. 228.

Sigma Mu, 1871, Mentioned only in Baird.

Sigma Tau Alpha, founded Novemher 1926. rormally recognized "by the
Administration May 3, 1927. Intended petitioning Delta TJpsllon. See Chanticleer
and Chronicle, passim.

Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council

I IThe five fraternities of 1910-11 (Alpha Tau Omega, Eappa Sigma, Eappa
Alpha, Pi Kappa Alpha, and Sigma Phi %)silon) formed the Fraternity Pan-Hellenic
Council for mutual advantages. Organization was encouraged hy the Administration.
The Council was reorganized during the 1912-13 term. A member of the college
faculty or administration — usually the Dean — was Chairman of the Council till
1927; since then it has teen officered by students, but with close supervision
of the Dean.

I Since dancing became the most popular approved social activity at
I>ake, about 1927, the conducting of big dances has been a major function of
the "Pan-Hel." Nearly every year for the last decade at least two "big-name
boads" have been inserted each year for the most elaborate dances (xf Pall and
Spring — most elaborate dances, that is, with the exceptions of Co-ed Balls of
1937-39, idien Maiy Duke Biddle was enrolled in Woman's College. Orchestras
were engaged for fees upwards of $1,000 till 1936, when ^aadrangle Pictures

^Chronicle, Feb, 5, 1913, p,3.

Ti'OOflC ■"■* T'-.r'-'?'

i.i

.^j to ixiw::Ti«r Rjav — ae«(l ac^ -^IXt'i/fu; — aolJAiisialzba no

■ r-n «! . " rr ^*"^1

- ceo/i».' ftis-sr-Jsis ^ecc arC^ ^o'l tj(?«x riaee B»2^'

BB'wioi^ sIiina'diBi^ aw'M ,^£91 Xli* 000,1'^ "io •irxiwofi; «9«1 tol f^c

,l.q .CXei .2 .iel ,-»X5V

114

began its yearly eollat>oration irith the Pau-Sellenlc Caancil in obtaining well-
known orchestras for combination show-and-dance engagements.

Mother major ftmction of the Council is general sv^ervision of
fraternity "rushing'': the big hant for new members, "Deferred rushing," "dirty
rushing, " "normal relations" and other terms bearing on this subject have become
quite familiar to Chronicle readers, for scores of columns of type are set up
for fraternity news every year. Following are a few specimen headlines:

EiOSDS GST
WCEKOUT IH
aWSZTUGS

-0-

'ratemities Give Welcomes,

Cigarettes and Aches to

(Gentlemen of 1940

asm HCX7SSS asd

FLSDGIHaS MASK
SOCIAL ACTITITIBS

PAH-HSLLMIC COUNCIL APFROVSS
BADICAL RB7ISI0N IN BUSH BIILSS;
PLANS NOBMAL BTCLATIONS POEUM

BSLATIQNS
PLAN LOSSS

PPATBBNITIBS PE3PAB3
7QB BUST BUSH WBM

ierewith are giren a few specimen newstories released through the University
Jews Service on the subject of fraternities.

March 7, 1937:

HELL WEEK BSTAIKDO
BT 10 PBATEBNITiaiS
AT mSS UNIVBBSITT
-o-

Six of the 16 national social fraternity chapters at Duke
University this week declared themselves in favor of abolishing
"hell week" in connection with their annual initiations. Ten of
the fraternities still adhere to the traditional horse-play-and-
paddle form of initiation; while six — though not the identical six
voting against "hell week" — have already abolished the old method
of "informal" initiation.

Arthur Bradsher, president of the chapter of Alpha Tsu Onega,
succinctly expressed the sentiment of the reform element when he
S€dd, "We certainly don't think brotherly love can enter through
the seat of the pants." Alpha Tau Omega is the oldest of the 16
national chapters at Duke.

'litr ,

O;-^/ ,Kj

,j i "-^t:; ' ' r:- 1'. v/ /';v^ 1 c ^. j^.

.aeljinij

*w * «i iibv*-^ ttV-*

9tdt;9 ari* CO •olr-

1 14 A& ai 4

ai a;:^0ii<v/ j.^

.©•vi'C

115

February 24, 1938 TAR HBBLS LMD

WKZ PHAT LIST
-o-

Korth Carolina again leads ia the number of first-year students
at Duke Unirersity pledging the 17 fraternities here, a check-t?)
revealed today. The c(»apilation vaa made at the dose of «TiT»npi
"rush week" when first-year men decide what fraternities they shall
join, if any.

One hundred and siocty-eight of the nearly 500 first-year men
pledged fraternities daring "rush week." Of these, 29 are Tar Heels <
Others may be expected to affiliate themselves with fraternities
later. Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia axe repre-
sented by the group of 168 students.

For the last few years, Duke undergraduate fraternities have
followed the policy of deferred rushing; i.e., no first-year men
are pledged until the end of the first semester. Sororities at the
Woman's college accept first-year members at the beginning of the
academic year.

February 13, 1939 FRATERHITT HUSH

SEASON IS smm

-0-

First-year men at Duke Uniyersity, the humble freshmen who
wore "dinks" and did the bidding of dictatorial ^tpperclassmen last
Fall, are now enjoying quite a different status. For this week
only (to use the familiar words of those with merchandise to sell)
the frosh occi^y the preferred position; t^perclassmen — at least
those active in fraternity life — go out of their *fay to do what
they think will please the first-year men.

The occasion is axmual fraternity "rush week. " At the end of
the five-day round of "open houses," banquets, and other social
functions, some 150 or more freshmen will accept bids to membership
in the 18 social groups. Then, as pledges, they will again be -under
the strict surveillance of the upperclass "brothers."

i^proximately half of the Trinity college freshman class, having
maintained a scholastic average of "C" or better during the first
semester, are eligible for fraternity pledging.

Two fraternities will bid for freshmen next week for the first
time at Duke, They are Beta Theta Pi and Chi Phi, both of which have
recently initiated xindergraduate groups* Neither has formally
established a Duke chapter yet, but both are expected to do so in the
late Spring or early Fall.

%("'.+ r* I ^h^^^t flrflHija «fT f JOT.'S-O /i.^tO»>

JlJtl

-©tod s-i .-jftvT .7ft*r.«i

,fcjaeiiue Sell to qfota -

tr; *i>friC ,;«t«»<r veil leAX aiii "fo^

:4 r

.^jp*"^ Diu^yi'jtiUS

J-.'CUift ':'

<?5ei ,SX tptSirccOi

:/eow aid.} tcf .l ^ etir a wen

5ai*sl :..- - . . .. ; , - . . :,.,-.--....

Xl? *" O^'XIis* ■»3'T*"*«-'v- .^^'^-^ 3i.«

jsrfivsfi ,?3i».Co iXR.t;ia»~"? «r^oj"Ico "zilttlT^ odi V

^5T

OB c"

^tT^t&hax^ .o^S»lttai 'jIJ^nso^T

■'■' -^— «■•-

116

The Council concerns itself with general student welfare, as well as
with those matters pertaining exclusively to fraternities. It was active in
the "revolt" of 1934 (page 34), and from time to time has sponsored such pro-
jects as Hed Cross membership drives, various war relief fund-raislzig cazspaigns,
and the like. It also underwrote Hoof and Horn musical comedy productions of
1941 and 1943.

B* Women' s T^dergraduate Grot^s

Differences between men's and women's student governments have been
noted on paget 43 and 44, (Phere has not been as great a difference between
the Fan-Hellenic Councils. Kuch that has been written concerning the Fraternity
"Pan-Hel" could be repeated with reference to the women's group.

The Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council was organized in 1913, with Fannie
Eilgo as first president. It has always been a student activity, but nearly
always ready to consult with the college administration. There were two
sororities (Mpha Delta Pi and Eappa Delta) at the time of its organization.
By 1940 it had a dozen constituent organizations. One of the Council's chief
functions since 1935 (when it was remodeled) has been the supervision of Pan-
Hellanic House on Woman's College Campus. This is the upper portions of
old Crowell Science Hall. Bach sorority has a parlor — several of which are
decorated at a cost of a few thousand dollars — and there are kitchens on each
jfloor. There is no regard for sorority membership in assignment of rooas in
Woman's College dormitories. Sorority membership seems to be some%rtiat less

vital to women students than fraternity membership seems to be to men; student

government appears to be considerably more important to the women.

axx

3« Clay a • .L9-0C S^CiitsjSi^- -sidixs^ xl^iw il~37.' rnaoGO's iioz::^^ 9^'-

-oirr .-fs-.-? fso^-^Tfi-^ «?-."! '=»i?t* 0-t ©lit* yi"":J bam , (^ -J-v^r) ^"^t tc> "?rcr?

•,:;i>9aD? Leaiexfa rrxoH Las 'tooH ddfjivtaJini; oaX* *I .oaill »

,^,^51 3a« X

• qi/v't^i s i:s';:i' i.. .: OCT •oa&ist^'s .: - * . iie^fesqSi <9<S bluoo "X©-.-..
ala.Ts'S ii^iv ,£I*?I al b9xtTt»-3,to aflw IJtoixx.'oO oineXX«H-nA<l xJl's.>io2 »dT

l-/:iiis-^ic iSt \o ^■uti mii ia {mH^G. ariqjBS ice ii B^Xtr'i afiiqiA) aaifiiaic

•f- .;..''«i«i'c'ft- ■ •■■■■ 'r-?- ■■'"■■ ■ ■■" ■'(•'* . r-r.-i'iif-*- .'nmcw o^ '■?Ji

* , ~ '•. . . ■*

117

So far as has teen learned, there have been no social organizations
of uncLergradtiate women unaffiliated with the Sorority Pan-Hellenic Coimcil.
Following is the roster of those who have heen and are constituents of the
Council.

Alpha Delta Pi

(kicron Chapter of Alpha Delta Pi was established at Duke University,
then Trinity College, at 8:30 o'clock p.m., on June 2, 1911, when the following
girls were initiated as charter members: Panny Kilgo, Smma McOollen, Mildired
Sinclair, Sally Smith, Annie St, George and Lizzie Wrenn.

Previously the name of Fanny Kilgo had been given by one of the men
students at Trinity College to Celestia Covington of Lambda Chapter of Alpha
Delta Pi. Miss Covington was interested in the possibility of establishing a
chapter of her sorority at Trinity. Her contact with the local sorority V.D.W.
(German letters), led to the Installation of Oinicron Chapter. [V.B.W. was
organized in 1910, but no history of its organization has been located.] The
Installation of the chapter, which was conducted by Mary Gladys Tilley of
Montgomery, Ala,, was held at the home of Dr. John C, Kilgo, then President of
Trinity College.

Alpha Delta Pi was the first national sorority to become established
on the Trinity campus. In 1913, Omicron Chapter together with the local chapter
of Kappa Delta and a local sorority, Theta Delta (later Zeta Tau Alpha) , formed
the local Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council.

Since its founding, certain customs have , developed in the chapter.
Each year after pledging a pledge breakfast is given by the active members,
Following initiation, the new members are honored at a banquet. Members of

^11

tavi/r'J 9:toa Ifl JJadsiida^se saw 1^ aiX«C i$t(q[Xii ^ taifiAr© aoiolA?

.m9i" ^i.t ^0 ,j8 ©Jtrtfli ^dilatd rJIaZ ,tlp

■iZ>: ,..,^. _. . £ «t To^litr'.; 'r.o i»oi.;-bXX^«3ai «ii^ o* i^»X ,\3Tt5,Jdx r:.:

.as*:'- ^9:13 ,"^?.^- .^ .Uiol. .1- t<^ i? j« ^La:. a^v ,..>%IiL ,x,"-

,»->0lXoO X*

*.-:j-.o Xso:I aji-v jdrii; t^ij^^^zj Z'i:.:^^ rt^iciuO ,^ikI _a ,5.. .-^.o

-rXA ukT a;toS a3;ti*X) &: 3I nisd^ ,-rJl: i ban «*X«a

118

Alpha Delta Pi give a nu]nl)er of teas each year, among them a Valentine tea and

a tea commemorating Founder's Day. A pledge dance is also given annually*

The purpose of the sorority members is the bettering of one another

morally, mentally and socially. There is held each year a pledge court which

endeavors to formulate and improve the attitude and ideals of the individual in

accordance with the standards of the sorority and the xiniversity. Alpha Delta

Pi atteinpts to promote scholastic achievement and also to interest the girls in

extra-curricular activities. A closer relationship between students and faculty

is fostered.

I Qmicron Chapter is an active participant in the national altruistic

work of the sorority. Sach member makes voluntary contributions in order to

further the project in child welfare; in addition, the chapter appropriates a
ll
fund to aid girls in the completion of their college education. Qnicron has

as its own project the assistance of an \inderprivileged Durham child.

--Sketch prepared by Evelyn Elemme, 1938.

Alpha Spsilon Phi

Ifu Beta Phi, new local sorority of Jetiresses, %ra8 organized in the
Fall of 1931. Charter members: Sara Berenson, Mildred Pollock, Jeanette Siden-
berg, Orace Haehamson and Ethel Nachamson. In March of 1934 a charter was
granted by Alpha Epsilon Phi, national Jewish sorority, and the local chapter
was installed on ^ril 28, 1934, with the following members: Anne Eatz, Sara
Berenson, Jeanette Sidenberg, Jane Lins, Rubye 7ogel, Sthel Hachamson. The
patroness, Mrs. Eli Nachamson of Durham, was also installed at that time.

The local chapter has encoiiraged and assisted in growth of Hillel,
Jaational religious organization for Jews.

SII

iioWw inssoo 9>.o©Iq b T39y. rla»'» hierf el atSiiT ♦■^X.uiioca !»«« xllsia^m ,%'

'^i'l'-m.'^t Jj:i« 5*R^^^>If*9 ic^ov+ya rLvixioi tsl^?^ le* ;i'a A. .esl+ivtiaa ijeJl^'^i fixo-
ex .T ydi at :cr arltoa ixc at t^injstiO aotaiaf.

.' -i.;c trt'icri^hiw oe to eo.tF**?! -a.- ^•:.* *o5-:'i- rev? -

,bSQI ,Qi.u....r'{ ■T\ -.fc/w -r: ^■axfjqoiq j-s*"- ■ —

•j^abtZ ^+*«»f»r«T ,*loollr=? ??«T^^>'•^< eT'^arrote^ «T'»3 : p-a'-frraf! T'»**r'»^C .£?.Pr V

/s-wsS ^zifiS. BtaA taiacfneL;: :3c(i>ioXXo'J: 9.-f^ H^fv ^-^Ct ,«<? Xii-tA no tdlifii^ni. >•
-''^- . "^ larita .I^^o'I e^dirfl ,«iii.: ■ . ,-r -...;■»£ :t2 s^j9fl^*iL ,.j: .: . -.^

.'itoii jsij is b^ilaiml osXa ^saw ,eta:ivru to aosmaiioBi! iX£ •atM ,a-2er
, AsIIlH lo iiiwoT, .*)ftB bassT^'ODfya ?»•=?/{ •rf-^in'o X«5'^X ^r^'

119

Alpha Phi

Tmto Tankees and a Southerner got together in the Pall of 1933 and
founded a local sorority, Xi Qmicron. They were Martha Phyeioc, Elinor Douglas
and Suth Bexmett. Betty Ealsema and Sleanor Coogdon soon joined the group.
Miss Louise Hall and Mrs, J. C, Mouzon were advisors.

In 1934 the groc^ petitioned Alpha Phi and a charter was grented at
the 1935 national con-vention. Beta Nu Chapter was installed on May 11, 1935.

Delta Delta Delta

Alpha Qmicron Chapter of Delta Delta Delta was founded in 1931 when
the local sorority Delta Chi Upsilon (founded Octoher 1930) petitioned the
national sorority and was granted a charter. Charter members: Margaret Gray
Bledsoe, Marian Smith, 5mma Beattie Sloop, Bdith Haines, Martha Stringfield,
Ola Belle Whitehead, Prances Tudor, and Mary Gfray Vinget. Date of installation
was Uovemher 8, 1931.

In its first year the sorority presented to the Pan-Hellenic Council
a scholarship cup to he awarded the sorority having the highest scholastic aver-
age for each year.

Tri-Delta*s chief contrihution to the University, as a social organi-

zation, has heen to foster social activities on the cantpus, givizig dances and

frequently entertaining faculty members and friends. — Sketch prepared by
Polly Barnwell, Historian, 1937.

[Other members of petitioning groi:^: Charlotte Crews, Margaret
jQriffin, Mary Elizabeth Hyatt, Hedra Jones, Irene Long, Mary Skinner, Louise
Smith.]

'>aB SSei \o liel Sri* at i9iii: s rsn boa aeeriosT ovT

»il9n acTXeC B^IeC
ill b^hnsjo") 8«v a*I»- stflati j»^J«C ''^o td*(T«dO noioia^O arffrXA

(ilai'i.'ts.'ii.'i- .>^*i ,e3sxi:<iil iiiii-is. ,qwoIi e^JJ:3t»i suiiii ,£Lt^xia& iXMiiA*4 ,eo-.Jt-

aolifoXIiiiJs.ii m a^aC .cfs^uaiW \;^t<': v,tjp>I hnB .lortrC saortPi'C ,f>B«riaili(V e

*'x : 333ri'\-.i erft nnfvari v.^ItoiOi 9rli L>^btjfWB Bd oi quo qldziMLc

'?■-**' lit

"ei^lrlj-oa Ic1dc§ t&iao\ ci aadc sac

120

Delta Gamma

The first official meeting of Delta Chi local sorority was on March
20, 1958, when the following officers were named: Jean Metz, President;
Catherine Blakeney, Vice-president; Shirley Smith, Secretary; Betty Pierce,
TreasTurer. Other charter members: Evelyn Gulp, Lxicille King, Jean Metz,
Janis Pridgen, Helen Bohrer, Hope Thomas, Helen Will is. The groi^ wc^
recognized by the Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council on May 8, 1938. On May 28,
1959 the group became Beta Theta cheater of Delta Gamma.

Kappa Alpha Theta

In the Spring of 1925 a group of girls in Trinity College formed a
local sorority with the intention of petitioning Kappa Alpha Theta, The name
of the local was Sigma Tau. The establishment of this local group was some-
thing of a pioneering more, because there had not been a local sorority in the
college since 1915, There was, however, a definite need for more sororities.
The chapters of the three national groups represented on the campus were small
and many girls who would have liked to become sorority members were not pledged.

Credit for the organization of the first group goes to Virginia
Gribbons, an Alpha Delta Pi of Hamlet, N. C. Her young sister, Beth Gibbons,

had not been pledged to A, D, Pi, and Virginia set about interesting a number

1
1

of girls in the formation of a local. A nramber of other "little sisters" who

had not been pledged were immediately interested.

* Among the first members of Sigma Tau were: Beth Gibbons, Adelaide

fioyal, Mary Scanlon, Jane and Mary Avera, Helen Chandler, and Eebecca Kirkpatrick.

Before the national organization granted a charter Beth Gibbons, Helen Chandler

and one or two others had dropped out.

OP/

Biedl AiUiLh T»qq«3

A b^anc'i %^sXIoO ^(^viisln'i slI «4."ii.-3 to qaora a --^-i. ic :^i'i.:-- 9fi:' -"

■ -intaolitt^ci to aoiic9ial 9di il*iw x^iiotOB

riv ''«ioj>^ia el^JlX'- -xajiio to tscf .IaooX s to aoZs^nnol 9di at eli

121

Por two years the local gro\^ was not allowed to fimctlon as a sorority

li
because Dean Baldwin wished to decide on a definite policy toward sororities

before further e^ansion in that field. In the year 1925-26, however, she

allowed the groc^ to axmounce its formal organization, and Sigma Tau hecame a

member of the Pan-Hellenic Council.

In the Fall of 1926 Sigma Tau rushed for the first time. In I^cember
1927 a telegram announced that Zssp^a. ilpha Theta had granted a charter to the
Doke group. The chapter was installed February 19, 1928, with 24 girls as
charter members.
f The sorority has a number of worthy projects. The chapter supplies a

large family in Durham with milk during the entire year. Thanksgiving and
Christmas baskets are given to poor families every year. — Sketch prepared by
Bebecca Kirk^atrick Sprinkle, 1938.

Ke^pa Delta

The first sorority established at Trinity College — according to all
records that have been established — was Sigma Delta, a local group organized in
1904. Mary Handolph (Mrs. W. P. Pew) and Mary Duke (vho became Mrs. Biddle)
vere among the early members. On ipril 19, 1912, this group became the Sigma
Delta chapter of Kappa Delta sorority, with the following charter members:
Sstelle Flowers, Katie Lee McKinnon, Lucile Gorham, Mary Gorham, Catherine
Thomas, and Mary Berry.'*

*See Chronicle, 7:27:1; Archive , June 1904.

rsr

.10108 r, jB ISO ef>lsad& o* r^ansiw aivbiB-

-i, &.asf: - ^ '• -' ioss'xo lei'-*' Owi.- w*. -^^^ ;

•r'<»Jn«38CI ni .^'- ^ ^* tot fir I ^c XX«1 »diJ^ cl

-*isG aer^lt ajnr — 5e;isiIrf*J3e iieeif dvnri ijad;

aax-^d' •• . , •■Ox) i/it*:. ,aeiiT;^ sllorl .xiO.tiilSsy ^fij oi . , •.

.^»0€I 9£ii;u .avIrf^-sA •I:'7?.:V .ff- Lrcrrrr

122

Kappa Kappa Gamma

On April 5, 1927 a local sorority, Sigma Beta, was organized at Duke,
This group made its first public appearance on May 10 of that year. The
founders were: Bva Malone, Marjorie Cannon, Martha Chesson, Florence Dailey,
Edna Slias, Martha G-ihson, and Margaret Lee. Mrs. Clarence Pemberton was
patroness.

! This group received a charter from Ec^pa Kappa Gbmma in 1930, and
Delta Beta Chapter was installed on Octoher 25, 1930.

I Phi Ma

I The beginning of Gramma Spsilon Chapter of Phi Ma was the local

sorority. Delta Bpsilon, founded in April of 1933. Official installation was
on November 9, 1934, with the following charter members: Gwendolyn Clark, Claire
Clarke, Sllen Fanmm, Baby Flanagan, Virginia Johnson, Hachael Meetze, Jean
Molyneaux, Emily Wilford, Jeaa McCowan, Byelyn Mclntyre, Mary l-hilford, Sara
Price, Marion Roe, Bachael Sink, Elizabeth Sutton.

Pi Beta Phi

In 1928 a local sorority, Mu Lambda, was organized at Duke by the
following founding members: Hada Poston, Pearl Anderson, Pauline Tilley, Ola
Simpson, Clyde Allison, Ruth Itertin, Patsy McKay, and Laura Seeley.

The purpose of these girls was to obtain a charter of Pi Beta Phi, and
to this end they persevered, refusing unsolicited offers of cheurters from other
lational women's fraternities, A formal petition was presented to Pi Beta Phi

'cr

•3ifP .tfi^/: t.^i-if;? to OX T5«M cr* ac ^ oHcTx/q ?3ii't ail e

,/ci^^.^v -.o*i-;ivj. ,avv.^26*i0 ad^tsH ,ao«Jw'^ «?-/-• -<w;4 ,A"':;r-" «vl -.Vf:. . ^•r^•
&av ixc-trr©(fja»'l esiis-jAiD .a-sM . jsl J^xe'AX6.i iisA ,ao3vi£ Ati^f-ss^ , a alii-

123

on January 14, 1933. On February 17, 1933, Miss Amy Bumham Qnken, national
(Jrand President of the order, formally installed Mu Lambda as North Carolina
Beta*

The Duke chapter aids in the national project of the sorority — the
maintenance of a settlement school at Qatlinhurg, Tenn. — Sketch prepared by
Winifred Shaw, 1938.

Sigma Kf^pa

In February of 1929 Sarah Ownbey, Prances Howe, Plora Crews Best,
Angela Whitney and Ida Pearl Batman founded the local sorority Delta Psi.
A petition was submitted to Sigma Kappa, and Alpha Psi Ch^ter was installed
on January 4, 1931,

Zeta Tsa. Alpha

In the Spring of 1913 a local sorority, Theta Delta, was organized,
rhe groap petitioned Zeta Tau Alpha, and on June 3, 1915, Phi Chsqpter was
installed at Trinity. Charter members were: Fannie 2. 7ann, Annie Hamlen,
WiUietta Svans, Janie Couch, Eose M. Davis, Mozelle Newton, Kathleen Hamlen,
and Lucy Rogers,

The local chapter entertains anzmally with a pledge breakfast, a

'pledge presentation dance, a Pall cabin party, a Pounder's Day dinner, a

Christmas party, an initiation banquet, initiation dance, a Spring cabin party,
and a May Day breakfast in honor of returning alumnae,

I Phi was hostess to the Alpha Province convention at Duke in the Spring
of 1937. —Sketch prepared by Prances Sewell, 1938.

■?i:

.8Sei ,vBdE Jbar

siXssoH ,6iTj»I ,K eaoS ^xitiXToO ©ia^L ,afl£T2 «;f*'^
5>jjC *E aoi^fltyvcoo ©SisJhro'rt adqlii. erf* 0* 88s;r8od sjsw id*!

-^- /- ^o

w,»

'f^ .Ik

•V.

i-r

134

Isotes

Differing from the aforementioned undergraduate women's organizations

is the only other undergraduate women's social organization, Isotes. Founded

in 1939-40, it marked a new departure in undergraduate social organization.

7oll owing is a description from a newstoxy by Eehecca Eirkpatrick Sprinkle:

Under the leadership of several independent girls in Brown
house, Isotes was established last year to give the girls in that
dormitory who were not affiliated with sororities an opportunity
to enjoy the advantages of organized social life. Any girl in the
dormitory who does not belong to a Greek-letter sorority is wel-
come to the ranks of Isotes, and any town girl who is an associate
member of Brown house may Join the club. Membership is not bind-
ing, and any student who wishes to leave the club and become
affiliated with a sorority is free to do so.

The organization of independent women is considered a highly
significant trend, and the success of this organization in the
social and academic life of Sast castpus has already accorded it a
respected position in the college.

Isotes is given a representative on the Social Standards
Committee; its members are allied with a variety of campus organi-
zations. One of the outstanding projects of the gro^ is the
banquet to be given this month for new members of Ivy, honorary
freshman scholastic order.

Sfo other dormitory group has followed the exaaple of the Brown girls, and
Isotes continues to enjoy a distinctive position in the social life of Woman's
College.

First officers of Isotes were: Jean Bailey, president, and Lucille
Chandler. Miss Mary Grace Wilson, Dean of Residence, has been closely coimec-
ted with the groxip, and Miss Katherine Jeffers has served as adviser.

'=^^i ill

-J itjEv

ji^o*iOOj*i ^^^■B&'xj.x

^.?f>a-j«T<j _^

.»■ .:"■.-, fX'" iJV-:'

-,aiwc

tj^^iir

^^^-^ flyj '^ -\ ^mttf^ ■

» - - ' - rf

125

mSHOML WDSSSrBADUJ^ SOCIAL SQRORI07ISS AT WKE UUIVSESITT

Sorority

Chapter

Zstablisbed

Predecessor
Organization

Alpha Delta Pi
Alpha %>silon Phi
Alpha Phi
Delta Delta Delta
Delta Gamma
Eappa Alpha Theta
Zappa Delta
Eappa Ka^pa Gainma
Phi Mu
Pi Beta Phi
Sigma Zappa
Zeta Tau Alpha

Qsnicron

Beta TSii
Alpha Okaicron
Beta (Hheta
Beta Rho
Sigma Delta
Delta Beta
Gamma %>silon
N. C. Beta
Alpha Psi
Phi

Jane 2, 1911
^r. 28, 1934
May 11, 1935
Not, 8, 1931
May 28. 1939
Peh. 19, 1928
Apr. 19, 1912
Oct. 25, 1930
Nov. 9, 1934
Peb. 17. 1933
Jan. 4, 1931
June 3, 1915

7. D. W.
ITu Beta Phi
Zi Otaiicron
Delta Chi IJ^silon
Delta Chi
Sigma Tea.
Sigma Delta
Sigma Beta
Delta %>8ilon
Mu Lambda
Delta Psi
Theta Delta

« • -i •

•"^M

•.. ,b .TO /I

r ■

1'^ srfqIA

yji:

l.Il

rf*::'^ i^:^^^

Chapter VIII

HONOBARY AHD PROFESS IQHAL SOCISTISS

Membership in such societies as those mentioned in Chapter 711 is
conditioned on scholarship only to the extent that a student must maintain a
"C average in all studies in order to be considered a full-fledged member.
Most fraternities and sororities in this category, however, have a number of
"associate members" — usually athletes or daughters of wealth, students not
noted for scholarship. Undergraduate Deans' Office records of individual
students' grades for the last several years show an average of about 1,25
quality points for fraternity members against an average of about ,95 quality
points for non-fratemity men. There has been a narrovrer margin between the
average grades of sorority members and non-sorority women students for the same
period, the sorority average being around 1,50 quality points and that of the
"independent" women usually above 1»30 quality points. An average of 1.00
quality points is equivalent to a grade of "C". Many honorary and professional
societies reserve membership for students having an average of 2,00 quality
points ( "S" average) ; and the percentage of undergraduates maintaining such an
average seldom exceeds ten. Thus, the present chapter deals primarily with the
top ten percent in scholarship; and persons associated with organizations men-
tioned herein should, presumably, be included in any list of distinguished
alumni.

>dd ,:

- f */>.

lU io 9;\fl'io' :s lOi e-

127

A, Q^eneral Scholarship and Leadership

First mention In this classification must go to !I?he Society of 9019,
both "by virtue of its age and "because of its good record. The society was
organized in Pehruary 1890, imder the leadership of John Spencer Bassett, Class
of 1888, who was then on the Trinity faculty. It was, according to President
Crowell, an exaniple of the new instructional concept.

This concept of college education smelt little of the cloister;
it created, instead, a hunger and thirst for contact with life. It
said: this text shows what the world has done and heen in the past,
"but we live in today; let us see what it is doing now, how it is do-
ing it, and why and wherein it differs from the historical, the
traditional, and the accepted order of things. We, as students and
teachers, are a new force in the world. We live in an atmosphere
of forces released and unreleased. Life means mastery of these pro-
cesses, and collegiate instruction is intended to give us the grasp
on our powers and the knowledge of forces ahout us which will enahle
us, as types of trained men, intellectually and morally to acquit
ourselves effectively in the arena into which we are thrust after
commencement days.

All of these things did not come in one or two years. But
they were called into use step by step, Por instance, the organi-
zation of 9019 • . , and others was intended to emphasize two
focal viewpoints in student life and thought, scholarship and
patriotism. Although personally I was consulted and conferred with
on these plans whereby the pick of the graduating class was selected
for membership, the einphasis on these two things embodied my own
conception of the relations between the College and the larger world
outside. It bound together learning and service; it yoked discipline
and duty in a team of great power — it embodied the newer ideal of
Trinity itself,^

9019 has a good history, but it has never been written; and it is
largely unknown to the more than 500 Trinity and Duke alumni urtio have been
members of the organization. Its first ten years, under Bassett's guidance,

"^John Pranklin Crowell, Personal Recollections of Trinity College (Durham:
Duke University Press, 1939), pp.SS-SFl^

,9106 to ^^Jdiooc- Bt^ oi 03 insm aol^Bal'iiBQAlo aid* xti. no2*rtea! *

qev vjfaxoos sr.l' .i-xvioort ijoor^t eii: I0 e^xf^oocf to.''? ©^ ail Ito et'itiT y

.iqt>o«oo Xenol^OiJTctarJ waa ac'i lo elq'.uBia an ,X-
■alJiii *I©Ha tt,: loo lo *a«cnoo aixiT

-oS ei Ji voif ,vofl "atLiofc ai tl isd\t ssa air *•! at (rrll ®w .'^.. .

W .fiXt'.'^ 9fi.+ nt ©otol wen b gxb .

128

vere perhs^s more 'brilliant than the next forty; but the society continued as
a potent force in "undergraduate life after Bassett's departure, and especially
so until the rapid expansion of the institution beginning in 1935. Then for a
decade it %ras just another honor society, but in recent years has begun to re-
gain prominence. Names of founding members have not been listed in saj records
BO far available, though this is a relatively unin5)ortant item in view of the
fact that John Spencer Bassett inspired the organization. J, Hay McCrary, who
later practiced law in Lexington, is said to have been the first member after
founding. Among other early members were R. L, Durham, W, I, Cranford, and the
Plyler twins. A, W. and M. T,

The 9019 is credited with establishing the South Atlantic ^aar terly,
though this publication would doubtless have been started had there been no
9019. The society supported the magazine till 1907, when the South Atlantic
Publishing Company was chartered. It was never classed as a student publication.

Beginning in 1910, and continuing till 1929 at least, 9019 sponsored
annual declamation contests among Horth Carolina high schools, the finals being
held on the Trinity campus. In more recent years the society has sponsored
occasional student -faculty luncheons for small groups (selected by 9019 members)
and student-faculty forums on timely subjects.

Admission to 9019 is conditioned i;^on a scholastic average of 2*25
quality points, making it a sort of local Phi Beta K«qppa society for men only.

A similar organization for women, Sko-L, was begun in March 1914, and
continued until April of 1938. Members of the two t^per classes were eligible
after having established averages of 90 or above. The Chronicle of March 11,
1914, reported seven members; Laura Tillett, Lizzie May Smith, Mary Wescott,
and Sstelle Flowers, seniors; Vilietta Svans, Janie Couch, and 7annie Tazm, of
the junior class. The chief difference between 9019 and Eko-L, besides sex.

-rad-'ifi lefJaaai ^srrl^ ail* xif>«d arraii o* , .r>;vTix<I cl w^X iiaslJoatq; •:

9ri* las, ,i;io'5:«»'jO ,1 ,W .HtnxfTyG ,J ,£ 6"x©w sictTtToa: vJtro t^ritc nnortA ."ni

;_,.:i''. '""'" " '',''. ^^i'i iici jC- 'is »^ ri'z.c' ^nrrir: . .• ^ «• '. j ■. ■:: o {.^ i-'Si.i.'' j!'jw.n j'^;;j..'';

cS.S ^0 a^tevs cii^afilchse & siocff beac ti tbaoo ai 6106 tit noxcBxmb*
.•^Lio .xeiH rsol ■^*axooe >^o-?\X «;tL>S 1.'^ 'ro-vC ^c ilea s *i ^ . ♦nicrr vi

^ s'lavj 8S53-6 w* ad* "i , ' "^o lii^?^ ix^tssi bBift^x

til tia-vaif 1c eloiiioidO si^^' .evocjs no oe "io 8 . *j»9 3Aiv«f '

"to ,jt*va't oimta'i JL'iie ,xioxioO lai.iew ,:msv^ BOi&ix'ii ;diciii8» ,3icewoxa slld^a

129

was Eko-L's emphasis on literary endeavor; for several years it offered prizes
in poetry and short-story writing. This phase of its program was some^riiat in
d\5)lication of the program of Chi Delta Phi (p. 12), so as the latter became
stronger the former weakened.

Phi Beta E^pa, the national honor society, established a cheater at
Trinity on March 29, 1920. Dr. W, H, Glasson was first president of the chap-
ter; other officers: Dr. William Z, Boyd, vice-president; Dr, C. V. Peppier,
secretary-treasurer. The society's activities at Duke have been confined to
election and initiation of members, and holding of initiation banquets with
addresses by prominent visiting scholars. James Gannon, III, has been secre-
tary of the chapter since 1928.

Red SViars, senior secret honorary for men, was established in
rebruary 1913, Its activities and projects (if any) are secret. Considerable
inquiry and searching have not revealed details of founding except that the
first members were: Don B. Eirkman, Henry L^ Wilson, Leonard B. Hurley, Guiho
Suiter, Eeid Ray, Colton Godfrey, and George 6. Johnson. The order is self-
perpetuating, and the perpetuators are listed in Appendix A.

The parallel organization at Woman's College is White Duchy, organized
in 1925. It was founded by Red Friars, whose members selected seven women as
the first members: Mary Eskridge, Anne Garrard, Jessie Hauser, Margaret Led-
better, Hancy Kirkman, Lillian Frost, and Elsie Barnes. "Election to White
Dttchy is based on character, sincerity, conscientiousness, dependability, scholar-
ship, initiative, and responsibility," according to one of the original members.

%owever, in the Chronicle for March 13, 1914, the following are listed as
"Initiates and old members": D, R. Kirkman, F, R. Hay, J. L. Nelson, W, F,
Starnes, E, L, Secrest, R. B, Anderson, F, A. Ellis, and James Cannon. Perhaps
the last six were members of the second groi^ of Friars.

©SI

8l fid* es 08 .(SX.q) Iril «iXoC IriO lo Btii to xxnf^BOj

'jtacJ-Gencf ^arrll 8«w .-loeeAlx) ,H ,lif .-:' . ,

c? ianjLliiod iisSHJ yv^ati s^j;- cTx, seir^vlwos 5'v-»--o-'t 9ifi .•is'aj-.,^€'Xv7- ,.•

itl i- ^' ,xi©a: t ■ :oftori ierrcss ^olc^s ,?ts1i^ fc^is

• -••. t^- •■•♦• ""♦ •^ •

130

Members wear a white carnation once a month. As with Hed Friars, the ftHTvii^i.
"ts^ping" of new members is at a student assembly, by a hooded figure. There
has been no connection between the two societies since founding of White Duchy,
according to reliable information from both organizations.

The reservoir from which nearly all Red Friars are selected is Omicron
Delta Zap-p&t the national collegiate honorary leadership society founded at
Washington and Lee University in 1914. The Duloe chapter, Hho Circle, was
established May 22, 1926. It was preceded by Omicron Eappa, a local honorary
begun a short while previously. Invitation to membership is based on "con-
spicuous attainments in the five fields of academic life: scholarship, Journal-
ism, debating, social usefulness, and athletics." Election is usually on the
recommendation of a committee including at least one member of the faculty or
college administration. Dr. Alan £. Manchester has sei>ved as Secretary of Hho
Circle for the last several years. Dr. Frank C. Brown has also been active in
an advisory ce^acity. Honorary membership is extended each year to outstanding
alumni and faculty members, and usually to the Governor of North Carolina.

Alpha Eta fraternity, a freshman honorary scholarship order, was
established in February 1932, under the guidance of Dean D. M. Arnold. This
group received a charter from Phi Eta Sigma, the national honorary scholarship
fraternity for freshmen, and the chapter was installed on May 6, 1932. To be
eligible for membership a first-year man must have earned at least 2,25 quality
points per semester hour of work carried duriiag the first semester. Five to
seven percent of the class is usually eligible. A plaque is given each year to
the freshman dormitory making the highest scholastic average. In October 1939
Phi Eta Sigma organized a Freshman Scholastic Advisory Council, to work with the
I^eshman Advisory Council in counselling first-year students. The fraternity,
sometimes referred to as the "Freshman Phi Beta Kappa," has occasional meetings

C5I

X£Xmr:. ■'. , --^ ^w- .fftrrK *? dor.- -

j-r —.

9^eiiT .t

„fl ,'<(,Iui^s»fe&8 i'jisfiiris -J JB ai si€'CiiiiiJi& 'wva iw "-^i::. .=!^

*45 I x?e.^oos ^;.iriel/!6l v'jin'-u^c;! 9*sl?j9XIco X*floi^«a ©fi;^ ♦sqr8<T r

'•- .gJo-sIO orOi /rev^oeris saoiu -^r-"; .TCI .tl v*i..;-5:-'.YlftV 33! J-n.", .-t-;"-vn.

axil ao %lLi\ueu Bi Aci.--i ■ - '^aoiJoXaJA J::i;6 .ssGxxIi/lasi: Jj-:icc3 ,^:l?f:-cc-r ,::

- - "p.t -..Trd .teiir'?-n 9:'t ,-^:r-i:- -?^' ,t'^' .-ret'?- T^stT-^r; 3 "r-'-'io'^orr
flTfie avflji -sinc! obb ibb^-^ ailt a ^ixisieuffioni lol

erf? r^Ji" ''-trv^ r-* .liorx'r'C Yrc- , •-♦e.^.for'D^ .nnfif >9s*a!^sT0 anrs'S ««•

f?Sax ^£000 s/i- aCt B?t«£ iri-i aa, 9.S;r «« o* Jbenolst ^

131

with Ivy, the first-year honor society at Woman's College, hut seldom for the
discussion of scholarly topics.

lyy was organized Pehruaiy 15, 1937, hy the executive committee of the
freshman class in V(»ian'8 College, under the guidance of Dean Slizabeth Anderson
(Persons), The organization, called Ivy from the symholic use of ivy the hy
ancient Bcnians to represent the attainment of knowledge, has as its motto
"Scientia Usque Crescat." Qualifications for memhership are "an irreproachable
citizenship record and a scholarship average of 2.35 quality points per semester
hour for all semester hours carried during the first semester of the freshman
year or for the entire year," A small gold badge in the shape of an ivy leaf
is worn by members. The "citizenship clause" makes Ivy a bit more exclusive
than Phi ^ta Sigma, and it has been a somewhat more active organization.

B. Professional and Departmental

1. General Scientific. Serious study of natural sciences at Trinity
was given iinpetus with the coming of John Pranklin Crowell to head the insti-
tution, in 1887, On October 29, 1889 there was formed a Scientific Society,
which continued for one year only. The society was organized at the suggestion
of Professor J. M, Bandy,

In September 1898 was founded the Science Club, and it continued to
have a rather Intermittent program till about 1920, On April 28, 1921, was
founded the Crowell Scientific Society,"* credit for which goes to W, H. Pegram.

^Alumni Register, Dec. 1933, p. 186.
^Ibid, , July 1921, pp.79ff.

ar-.^-r.-i.-'t^ . :-/T.-. !■ nrr i. '- ^ • ';•

oi hm^tiiiaoo it hae, ^duIXi «oneioS Bdi bstaso^ *bw 8981 t^c'ac^^qeS itl

132

This vas a strong and active organization for a few years, "but the eacpansion
of the new University "brought the organization of specialized scientific groups,
and the need for an organization for the study and promotion of general scientific
thought seemed to lessen. Vfhat would have been the Crowell Scientific Society
was ahsorhed into Sigma Xi national honorary scientific society when the Duke
chapter was established on March 31, 1933, with Dr. Suth Addoms as first head.

Crowell Scientific Society was primarily a faculty group. The Science

5
Club was primarily a student enterprise; its successor is Iota Gamma Pi,

founded October 1922, with J, D, Panning as one of the student leaders — though

in recent years this organization has ^)parently given more and more emphasis to

sciences of engineering.

A Nattiral History Club is mentioned in the Chronicle of February 13,
19S4, and once or twice thereafter. It held semi-monthly meetings for discus-
sions of topics In biology and related subjects, and membership was based on
scholastic ezcellence; This may have been another name for Bu Sigma biology
club for women, founded in 1923, which existed till about 1931.

2. Biology. The Biology Club was formed on December 20, 1911, and
continued active for fifteen years, with Drs. Bert Cunningham and E, L» Blomquist
as leaders during much of its life span. On March 4, 1926, it became Tau chapter
of Phi Sigma national honorary society in biology. The Alumni Register for
April 1922 (page 19) contains a list of members with their occupations, and a
manuscript of minutes of the society is in the Library (KC 570.6 T833M). It
was occasionally referred to as the Botanical Club.

^Alumni Register, Jan. 1924, p,5.
^Chronicle, Mar, 19. 1924, p.3.

".t<xi-int»a tier: 5i .• . -■■'^di eotvt 'v '*r»-y. 'r.-. ,-v:'.
flo JbsaRcf aaw qxaaisdme.:! baa ,3i09ldirB b^i&lat JjOU -,::^oXoid' ni aoiqci '^^

.baa , ,'X: tscruaoa^ iio i^^iioi bsw ix;IC '^oioid . .

■_olZ ,1 / Sne n.Aiit^inin.'uiC ^^-tsE .tiG ii*iw ,3T£a^ asedlll io1 •Ti*'-

•£o'.. /-jHiooa .,'i«'ic;in>ii iii^xcAwjsa sa- .-■ i-

.^•r ,i«ex •osT; ,

.^•rT J^:^CI ,CX .tsM .oToi-

133

A Porest-Biology Club was projected in 1933 for the p\irpose of co-
ordinating the work of several departments in this field. Primarily for faculty
and graduate students, this groiip has left no record,

IPhe Duke-Durham Bird Club was organized in 1938-39, with Dr. Paul
Kramer one of the prime movers, A combination science-study and hobby grot^),
the club takes occasional hikes into Duke Forest, to the Durham Bird Sanctuary,
and other likely haunts, and has regular meetings for lectures and discussions
on bird life.

In 1938-39, first year of the School of Forestry, was organized the
Forestry Club — which, to date, is the only .organization of students in the
School. The ptirpose of the club "is to foster a spirit of fellowship and
further the interest of students heading towards Forestry as a professional
career. The program includes sponsoring of lectures by noted men in various
branches of forestry, showing motion pictures, having open forum discussions,
and occasional social meetings, picnics, etc." All graduate students in the
School of Forestry are members,

3. Chemistry. A Chemists' Club was organized in 1913 or thereabout,
but enjoyed an intermittent existence until after World War I. On January 12,
1920, was organized W, H, Pegram Chemistry Club, which has been the only organi-

zation of undergraduate chemists since that time. The club is large and active.
During the last five years or more it has arranged an annual "Chemistry Show,"
usually in connection with a "Physics Show" across the campus. Dr. R. N, Wilson
has been the most active faculty advisor.

"^Chronicle, Feb. 28, 1934.

^Alumni Register, Jan. 1920, pp.279ff; Chronicle, Jan. 14, 1920.

^T« r

."t^'T

ot ,*3Stot a;::.-<r ofai i9:^i.d IsaoX^Jk

.eliiX Ji: ■ a

r !-:tr_ . it: '

"0 'ei-

?a Isiooa Jjsxioi'-

ta^iix OB

1 avi.3i>,-3. 35oa oi^ .'xj

, n-''-cr" ,--, •

^>8^ ixr

134

4. Physics. Professor B, C, Hinde f OTinded a Physics Club at Old
!rrinity in 1890; it had a hf^hazard existence until 1921. Dr, C. V. Edwards,
senior member of the department since 1915 or "before, and Dr, C. C. Hatleyhave
been largely responsible for growth of this and the related organization, Sigma
Pi Sigma, following is history of Sigma Pi Sigma prepared by William J, Caroon,
head of the chapter in 1937-36:

The Beta Ch«5>ter of Sigma Pi Sigma, national honoraiy physics
fraternity, was founded at Duke University in 1925, The organi-
zation is devoted to the task of promoting interest in the study of
nndergradxiate physics. The group was organized in 1921 but was not
chartered by the national society until 1925.

The organization holds bi-monthly meetings, many of which are
open to the general public. Topics of special interest in contem-
porary physics are presented, in many cases supplemented by films.

In recent years Sigma Pi Sigma has sponsored lectures on the
campus by such outstanding men as H, A, Millikan, Paul Dushman, H. V.
Wood and Niels Bohr.

Members of Sigma Pi Sigma are primarily advanced students, the
Physics Club being made up of beginning students.

Sigma Pi Sigma arranges the annual "Physics Show, " a popular attraction since
about 1936.

5, Mathematics. The following history was prepared by Patria Gibson,
Secretary of the Duke chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon, 1937:

The North Carolina Alpha Chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon fraternity
was established at Duke University on February 8, 1932. The 34
charter members [listed in Appendix A] had previously made up the
Mathematics Club, a local organization established in November 1927.

At regular monthly meetings of the organization, student or
faculty members present papers and hold discussions similar to the
procedure in a mathematics seminar, A prize is given for the best
student paper each year. The chscpteT has at least one outdoor meeting
or picnic each year. In the Spring there is an informal banquet, at
which there is a guest speaker.

bl -.10 8:-. b^bsvjot a^^slH ,•• ,3 loaa^loTl '»B}?y^. •*

'10 rjjifja

3X ilO.

.'9'»'»r'*0'

3 seeAo ij^ndiB ni ,i)9J33a3T:q mia ^oxs-^iq x^

to an

»0'.j^S. Jv

,"?• _ .r- r J

a» «j?

135

6, Bnglneerlng, The Trinity College Catalogue for 1914-15 (page 143)

9
states that the Engineers' Club, founded Horemher 10, 1913, published an annual

bulletin. No copy has been found. Infrequent mention of the club is foumd

till 1933, when a new organization was effected. Concerning this new groiq),

(xeorge l^mum wrote in 1937:

The Engineers' Club of Duke University was organized October 25,
1933 for the purpose of fostering better felations between the stu-
dents and the faculty of the Engineering Sdiool and among the students
themselves, and to provide social functions for the engineering stu-
dents. At the first meeting David Drummon^ was elected President;
Halph Givens, Vice-President; and Edward Storms, Secretary- Treasurer.

Each semester the Engineers' Club sponsors a dance for members
of the club, which is held in Southgate gymnasium, and dijring the
year several "open houses" are held. In cooperation with the American
Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engin-
eers, and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Engineers
Club gives a smoker at the beginning of each school year for the
engineering freshmen and faculty. Since the engineering students
find it impossible to go to the undergraduate assemblies held on the
West Campus, the Engineers Club has charge -of a special engineering
assembly held in East Duke Building once a month.

The Engineers Club elects a council of ten members each year,
including four officers. This council meets once a week to dis-
cuss projects for the club and decide on any disciplinary action
necessary in regard to residents of Southgate Hall.

Thus, it is noted that the Engineers' Club served as a student government body
for engineering students beginning in 1933. With founding of the College of
Engineering, 1939, the club became the Student Government of the College of
Engineering. Publication of The Duke Engineer was begun in 1940.

^Chronicle, Nov, 12, 1913.

A chief point of agitation for revision of the Constitution of the Men's
Aesociation of Trinity College in 1939 (see p. 39) was that Southgate Dormitory
(for engineers) was not represented on the Council. Within a few months after
provision was made for such representation, the Engineers began their own
student government.

'. i9*orrw r.

3?3X.r(\r. n«ao''

en* 3» r

.t ^c

IjV. ejp K> 3Jj9X'ia*i o* i)ii-i9^ •;:/ ;^5a3€»o'in

^•;.,.4c: ., .

,()r k" 8.«3w 1- acl;f«Oi- . .i'i'£5*'.i

,^-' .vo^ ,

136

Delta Bpsilon Sigma, a local honorary fraternity, was founded
on October 23, 1931, It embraces the three departments of Engineer-
ing, and has as its chief p-urpose the petitioning of Tau Beta Pi, a
national honorary fraternity in engineering. It also strives to
promote interest in engineerixig education and to reward leadership
and scholarship in the engineering departments.

Charter members were: R, B, Atkins, R, T. Creekmore, A. L,
deBruyne, Lee Coulter, S, G. Jlack, S. H. Smith, V. B. Snow, and
W, P. Weaver.

Meetings are held several times each year, at which time
matters pertaining to the betterment of the Engineering School
are discussed and proper action taken. New members are selected
each i^ril, and must qualify by good records both as to scholar-
ship and leadership.

Delta Spsilon Sigma is one of the sponsors of the "Engineers'
Show, " held each Spring. ^^

Professor E, T, Matthews, of the engineering faculty, was first faculty advisor,
and helped inspire organization of the society.

An Engineers Forum was begun in November 1930, with Professor Mason
Cnun as leader. This was in the nature of a special Sunday School class for
students in Southgate Dormitory. It was continued for a few months.

In colleges, as well as professionally, engineers are organized
according to specific branches of the profession. Duke has had student chap-
ters of the official societies in civil, electrical and mechanical engineering
for a number of years.

The Duke University chapter of the American Society of Civil
Engineers was organized on February 14, 1933, with the following
charter members: J, H, Armfield, George B. Cropper, J. R. Mai one,
George D. McCrey, Robert S. Miller, and Erie B. Everman, seniors;
Arthur Bat son, John Bird, Randolph Clarke, Pred Neu, David Druramond,
!j Juniors; Gerald Perguson, and Arthur Wigley, sophomores.

^^Sketch by Richard C, Keane, Secretary of Delta Epsilon Sigma, 1937.

l3 '

-v ,iOSex to^^' raw iiif. .

♦ .sra-Ao^f. wai

^j^i/jiictrtoa a*iw SI . tioi'^-. '- - - •- ^^^

t • ^ > ' < • ■

. . . '>M .11 •

;clJts<rj- .'^-.visiw rjo 'CTfcv^'xcsa^ ,oi:j3s- <

137

The ptuppose of the society is to ftirther interest and understand-
ing in civil engineering. The Duke chapter was largely responsible
for formation in April 1935 of the Conference of Civil Engineering
Student Chapters in North Carolina. This organization has helped to
foster more desirahle relations between the student chapters at the
University of North Carolina, North Carolina State College, and Duke.

The society's program consists of the presentation of student
papers, talks by visiting engineers, and special illustrated lectures.
In cooperation with the other engineering societies, it sponsors the
Engineers' Show and the freshman engineering smoker, ^^

Professors Bird and Hall assisted in organizing the chapter of A. S, C. E.

When the American Institute of Electrical Engineers established
a Duke chapter, in the Pall of 1926, 0, T. Colclough was named chair-
man of the group, and F, A. Bevacgua was named secretary. Professor
W, J. Seeley acted as first counsellor.

The Duke branch is one of sixteen in the Southern district of
the Institute. It is an instrument of the national institute, de-
signed to aid in developing latent abilities of students, principally
by affording opportunities for them to carry on activities such as
are sponsored by the Institute: holding of meetings, presentation of
papers, reports, abstracts; inspection trips. In 1926 it staged an
electrical show which has grown into the annual Engineers' Show.^*^

The Duke Society of Mechanical Engineers was organized about 1934, and
accepted as a chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in January
cDf 1936. Its program has paralleled those of the other two departmental groups
in engineering.

Practically all students in engineering are members of these three
societies, though some are a bit inactive in the groups' programs. Engineering
societies are more closely related to professional societies than are any other
student gro\:^s.

^^Sketch by Charles H. Nickerson, Secretary, 1937,

13^

Sketch by T. J, Byrum, Secretary, 1937.

*r:<iftl^frT ©,;{.* \o XtisimnOfi

Cf'

3 ix

-.r

- dai iO '4

•J at Briicr

138

7, Medicine. At least five fraternities have been founded in the
School of Medicine: Alpha Ks5)pa Kappa, Alpha Omega Alpha, Nu Sigma Nu, Phi Beta
Pi, and Phi Chi. (In addition, Baird records estahlishment of Beta Ks^pa
chapter of Theta Ks^pa Psi at Duke in 1931, but no record has been found on the
csuDpus.) These societies maintained lounges on the first floor of the School
of Medicine (opposite the Hospital Store) till 1938, since when some have
established residence headquarters off the campus.

Beta Nu Chapter of Alpha Kappa Kappa, fraternity was established
at Duke University School of Medicine on October 24, 1931. A large
share of credit for the establishment belongs to the neighboring Beta
Iota chapter at North Carolina University. The initiation was con-
ducted by Grand President John Perley Sprauge and Grand Secretary-
Treasurer Albert B, Landrum, in the court room of the School of Law.
Officers of Beta Iota presented the ritualistic work. Charter mem
bers were:

Earl Winfrey Brian Greorge Wallace Holmes

Milton Carpinter Cobey James Prancis Fulp

Ralph Ernest Schmidt Ben Henslee Puqua

Raymond Taylor Jenkins Robert Boyd Stith, Jr.

John Cole Burwell, Jr. John Stewart Porbes, Jr.

Rudolph John Depner Lacy Allen Andres, Jr.

Charles Mattocks Kendrick John Hetcher Love joy

Francis LeRoy Owens Qrrin Prank KLeckner

Alpha Kappa Kap-pa, is primarily a social organization for medical students.
Alpha Omega Alpha, honor society in medicine, established a chapter the same

year, 1931,

Alpha Omega Alpha is "composed of medical men and women who as under-
graduates have given promise of becoming leaders in their profession or members
who have obtained such leadership. The aims of the society are the promotion of
scholarship and research in medical schools, the encouragement of a high standard

•'•^Information from Dr. Paul D, Crimm, Grand Historian, Mar. 8, 1938.

J 1 :,.-■- ■Jiji' , j.'j^

J "so too It d-Fixl ad* ao so .c;f«x;3

evan eaios xtoflv e. ' .

•J !.'_•.•■

.TT

-.Ic-H^

• iwCi

-c .-- * .^ .- -. --■-*•

139

of character and conduct among medical students and graduates and the recog-
nition of high attainment among medical men." implication for a charter was
made February 6, 1931, and the chapter was installed April 29, 1931, with the
following charter members: Drs, Wilburt C, Davison, Harold L, Amoss, Deryi
Hart, Bayard Carter, A. R, Shands, Jay M. Arena, George W. Heinitsh, and John
r. Love joy. Faculty members instrumental in effecting the organization were:
Drs, B, L, Persons, C, E, Gardner, Jr., B, P. Alyea, C« E, Hansen-Pruss, and
Christopher Johnston. Names of new members are announced at Commencement.

Beta Rho chapter of Hu Sigma Nu fraternity was installed at the
School of Medicine on March 7, 1931.

Beta Epsilon chapter of Phi Beta Pi fraternity was installed on

November 21, 1931.

Delta Upsilon chapter of Phi Chi was installed in the School of
Medicine on May 18, 1930. The following members constituted the
organization at begiiming:

John Valentine Charles Wright Hooker

James T, Norwood Theodore Roosevelt Keith

0, Purnell Blacldey Marion Timothy Plyler

Ernest Bruce Brooks Bennett e Edward Stephenson, Jr.

James P. Pagan Waller L. Taylor, Jr.

William D. Parmer William Nicholas Portescue ^^

There is an Honor Council in the School of Medicine, with functions
similar to those of the Men's Association in the undergraduate men's college.
No details concerning origin and history of this Council are available.

The Chronicle for October 18, 1933, reported the organization, on
October 9, of the Kadavre Club, for pre-medical students. No further record
has been found concerning this organization.

^^Information from Robert P. Miller, Secretary, 1938.

iidi dil.' ,r

x^^'i.-j'- r

'. -^-sw

tOOV ,JRj3a't«> •.»

•fl -. fr'.^T •>'•''■:

« ,iv f'ii

£'; 10^

it.,' J N *^ . ■ _ •

■2 ,t9XJlI''. .

oil a

140

The Duke University Pre-Medical Society was organized on March
11, 1937. Chief among the foiinding members was William R. Nesbitt,
who transferred to Duke from Williams Junior College, Berkeley, Calif,,
in the Fall of 1936. He had been affiliated with a pre-medical society
there. Faculty members cooperated with students in the organization
work, especially Dr. F, H. Swett.

The chief purposes of the society, as stated in the constitution,
are: (l) to serve as a cooperative center for intelligent medical
thought; (2) to establish a closer relationship between the pre-
medical students and the faculties of both the undergraduate and
Medical schools; (3) to develop among the pre-medical students an
ever- increasing sense of the high standards of character and respon-
sibility embodied In the medical profession; and (4) to stimulate
within the minds of the pre-medical students the correlation of a
general cultural background with the more specific pre-medical
training.

Membership is open to pre-medical students who have completed
one full year of college work, with at least one semester at DuJce,
and who are recommended for membership by five members of the
society. There are two faculty advisors, one from the Undergraduate
school and one from the School of Medicine, to be elected at the
beginning of each academic year by the society. New members are
admitted each semester. Meetings are held twice a month.

The following charter members were elected to office at the
organization meeting: William R, Nesbltt, president; Paul Bransford,
vice-president; Clinton Morgan, secretary; and John Glasson, treasurer.

8. Commerce and Economics. First record of an organized group of
students especially Interested in commerce is the Economics Club, mentioned in
the college catalogue of 1892-93, page 78. No further mention is found of this
organization.

In September 1923 members of Dr. Cotton's class in Economics VII
organized the Commercial Club (according to the Chronicle of October 3l) , but
10 further reference is found to that group either.

In 1927 was organized Psl Ke^pa Alpha, which on December 7, 1929,
became Beta Eta chapter of Alpha Kappa Psl national professional fraternity in

^^Sketch prepared by William R. Nesbltt, 1938.

ii.*j

>.(0 jicoi^iaenq-eolv
. Jfcae .

-'■ ^■-''^^- • I ■ - „ . . . . . -

.nol^iss ■

, •- St

t.. ^:rf i)e'i«q©^q

141

commerce. The chapter holds semi-monthly meetings for discussion of topics
within its field, and for discussions with visiting business men. It also
assists the faculty of the Department of Business Administration in numerous
small ways, and has a limited program of social activity. Membership is based
on high scholarship in economics, accounting, and related subjects. Prof, J, H.
Shields has been chapter advisor since the founding.

9, Law. Soon after establishment of the School of Law, in 1904, law
8t\ident8 began conducting Moot Court, to give themselves practice in court room
procedure and deportment. Though part of the regular course in law, the sessions
were conducted at night, and were frequently attended by undergraduates. Evi-
dently, there wais no organization connected with the court, but it was largely
a student enterprise. Moot Court continued for four or five years, according
to evidence in The Chronicle. Practice court sessions have been held in con-
nection with law classes since that time, of course, but there has been less
convenient opporttinity for the whole student body to enjoy the sessioz^.

The first national society of law students to establish a chapter at
Trinity was Sigma Nu Phi. Its Lambda, or Richmond Pearson, chapter was installed
April 4, 1933, •'■''' and continued active till about 1930.

On December 14, 1927 (one month before the death of the venerable Dean
of the School of Law), a grcnip of first-year students in law founded the Samuel
Pox Mordecai Law Club, with J. W. Wallace, president; Sam Holton, vice-president;
and J, C. Troy, secretary- treasurer. The first meeting was in the nature of a
iBOot court. The club lived for about three years. ■^*'

^ "^Chronicle, Apr. 11. 1933,

1 ft

Alumni Register, Feb. 1928, p. 48; Chronicle, Jan. 11, 1928.

■ t

'Its.bI arf-

rJi 90 .'tseo SAd e

■■-..( r

" v,eKr.e o;t ■«;J!;od *. ^lorfw erf* lol ■^^Imr^'rocTcro ?

ti/cdi? III? 9Vl;-

,;-v:'X ,11 .:tsT, .^.r- '^ :?^. . . . vi ,i«*aij^H >

142

Beta Delta chapter of Gamma 2ta Gamma, national honorary legal
fraternity, was established on ipril 27, 1929, according to The Chronicle of
May 1. It left no further record.

The Charles IJvans Hughes Law Club was founded by some first-year

19
students in October 1930. A year later it became Hughes Inn of Phi Delta Phi,

the national legal fraternity.*^ This was the year that Justin Miller came

from California to reorganize and enlarge the School of law and encourage other

progressive meas\ires (some of which did not set well with the Administration).

It was in the same year, 1931, that the Duke Bar Association was

founded. The starting date was March 11. According to Caarpbell Carden, the

Secretary for 1937-38:

I The form of organization if\ the Duke Bar Association is based xtpon
I that of the American Bar Association, with variations to meet the
student needs. The membership is composed of all students who are
in good standing in the Law School, with the faculty as honorary
members. The Constitution provides for the officers, who are elected
for a term of one year, and who constitute the Executive Committee,
which committee carries out the business affairs and manages routine
matters of the Association,

Its purpose is to introduce the student to the problems con-
sidered by the Bar in professional organizations and to develop
professional consciousness and responsibility.

The Association has published since 1933 the Duke Bar Associ-
ation Journal, a quarterly in which appear reports of addresses made
before the Association by distinguished guests, proceedings of the
Association at its regular meetings, and items of interest concerning
the School. The Journal publishes such student notes and comments on
recent important decisions, prepared in the Current Decisions Course,
as are deemed by the editors to be of special merit.

^ ^Chronicle, Sept. 23, 1931.

Ibid. , Oct. 14, 1931.

tisa ,

'/XAiI aa^a^'L sxt&vti:-

»££»'

^IJ-JX^.

-bTib 33«nl8jyrf - 'io 9&iiL

143

There are monthly public meetings, usually followed "by informal receptions in
the Association's spacioxis lounge. The Law School Guild, composed of faculty
wives and other ladies connected with the School of Law, prodaces p-unch and
cookies and other delicacies for such occasions. Such activities have made
the School of Law perhaps the most cohesive of the graduate schools; everybody
knows everybody else, and everybody seems interested in what everybody else is
doing.

It was about 1931 that the Iredell Law Club was also founded. This
group was active as late as 1937, but has left no conveniently availaljle history.

The Order of the Coif, a national honorary legal fraternity, set up a
Duke chapter in February 1933. '^'^ It is officered by faculty members, and the
chief function has been naming of outstanding seniors to mem'bership at time of
graduation. Members are from the top ten percent in scholarship.

Organization of a pre-legal group was first publicly suggested
by Professor Douglas Maggs at a meeting of the Duke Bar Association
on March 10, 1938. The Pre-Medical Society had been founded in
March 1937 and had enlisted the interest of a large number of under-
graduates. During the late V/inter of 1937-38, the Pre-Medical
Society held a meeting at which prominent medical and law students
engaged in debate. At that meeting it was suggested that there be
formed a pre-legal group similar to the pre-medical group. This
suggestion was followed by Professor Maggs on March 10, and Bench
and Bar soon came into being. [Date of founding, March 14, 1938.]

The organization was f oianded to insure closer contact between
the undergraduates and the law facxilty, to advise students on
related subjects and to promote a more friendly and sociable spirit
among pre-legal students.

To quote the story published in The Chronicle at time of organi-
zation, March 18: "All undergraduate pre-legal students wlio have had
one year of college and at least one semester at Duke, are eligible
for consideration for membership,"

^^Ohronicle. Feb. 22, 1933.

A^L

. 'sl IT-

c f^iitij' 'Li'

rr-

C3l qo^ s;lJ ;ai*:* i'ss ai

.fcSt-: ,.- .•.

144

Ponnding memljers: Del IHiston, Griffith Qrme, Ben Kerr, Henry
Ralston, Edward Marlowe, James Carter, Betty Pierce, Catharine
Blakeney and Jean Metz. Professor John S. Bradway was official
organizer, and first adviser to the group.

Bench and Bar holds regular meetings, incliiding occasional mock
courts open to the public, ^2

The only other recorded organization of law students was a Bihle Class
conducted "by Dr, Malcolm McDermott, 1933-34. Evidently, there were no officers,

10. Education. An Education Club was formed among prospective teachers

23
in March of 1911. It had a spasmodic program for a few seasons, then dis-
integrated. Somewhat prior to 1927 was formed the Braxton Craven Education
Association, which on May 28 of that year became Alpha Tau chapter of Ks^pa
Delta Pi, the national fraternity for teachers. Drs. A, M, Proctor and John
W. Carr have been counsellors to the local chapter.

The Religious Education Association is mentioned on page 63.

11. Others.

Pi Gamma Mu, national honor society in social science, established its
North Carolina Beta chapter at IDuke on January 12, 1933, largely through the
influence of Dr. Charles A. Ellwood. At one time it was the largest chapter in
the national organization, with more than one hundred resident members. Member-
ship is composed of student and faculty members from those departments concerned
with social science — law, religion, sociology, political science, economics, and
history. Bach Spring and Pall a limited number of honor students are elected
to membership, from the junior and senior classes, and graduate and professional
schools. The chief feature that distingaishes Pi Gamma Mu from other honor
societies is its program of monthly forums in which the resident members share
lln the discussion of current questions in the social sciences.

Sketch by Jean Metz, Secretary, 1938. ^Chronicle, Apr. 12, 1911.

^SfiJ ,3003/593 ifdl: « "XO'J ■'J'^- & ^*sux -I , JX tC It)'^

.'r#^;?rrAdo Xsoc" aioXXesxofoo oaecf ev3jf Tt/ : ,''■

84 1 .5«r(sir<f , ;*oioea tonorf l&nc

» - - •

f-f .-l/-ri:.

.,* r — ...

f-n-:. * '"J^x/is l3 t&?c

.ii^X ,21 .-:,.- , : - .i^-X

145

Dr. Sllwood was national president of the society in 1934-35.

An English Clxiii was formed among graduate students sometime prior to

1928, On May 20, 1928, it became Qmicron Beta chapter of Sigma Taa Delta, the

24
national professional society in English. The chapter has not "been sufficiently

active to he well known on the campus.

Trinity College Historical Society was founded April 4, 1892, pri-
marily as result of efforts of Dr. Stephen S. Weeks. Dr. William K, Boyd was
the main source of energy for about thirty years. A comprehensive history of
the society has been written — since beginning of this work — by Dr. Nannie Mae
Tilley, and published by Duke University Press,

i BUL. "X i'v 0'*it i i d'l-i-

r-^r-.ra.-'t ?.".'■■: '^*'it'^-'

. ?/;r« '.»JD ed^

;■ 3;"S'

'vC V-iCJ3 •*£

-.»

• -J vin:;

♦^^i^-

?» s># --«lt

i^^V

V-.

.■^>3*:

* -» '^T t ^-^

iSWC?

M''

I^^-

Chapter IX
OTHEH CLASSIPICAIIONS

This chapter deals primarily with short-lived organizations vhich have
left only slight marks on the institution's history. Therefore, mere listing
of the organization's name has been deemed sufficient in most instances. Names
of officers are included in ^pendiz A, of course. To conserve space, source
references, whenever deemed important, are given in parentheses following the
entry, rather than at the bottom of the sheet.

A. (Geographical

In 1919 students from foreign countries formed the Alien Club. The
founding was reported in the Chronicle of November 5, 1919. It was evidently
the same group which was sometimes known as the League of Nations, and again
as the Cosmopolitan Club (Chronicle, Apr. 21, 1926). The Cosmopolitan Club
continued till 1934.

On November 2, 1933, was formed the Pan-American Club (Chronicle,
STov. 8, 1933) with ffred Bratzel, Kenneth Cunningham, Eugene Desvemine, and
Vrith Haines, all from Cuba; Carlos and Oswaldo 7ales, from Central America,
and one or two other Latin-Americans as charter members. The grcnxp continued
active for about a year, then became part of the International Club, began

147

in 1935, This groTJ^ was sometimes referred to as the International Relations
Glut. It was composed primarily of sons and daughters of missionaries or other
persons who had lived in foreign countries. For a time there was a very loose
connection with the Y^ M. C. A. and Y. W, C. A.

Another group somewhat related in composition and purpose was the
Interstate Progressive Cluh, founded January 22, 1913 (Chronicle. Peh, 5, 1913).
Thirteen states and nations were represented in the memhership. Having thirteen
states represented in the student body would not have made news in 1930, hut in
1913 it was news to have a student from Pennsylvania or Georgia.

Following are state cluhs which have left records:

Ploridian Club, founded 1925 (Chanticleer);

South Carolina Club, begun in November 1913, and continued till 1927
(Chronicle, Nov. 2, 1921);

Tennessee Club, born November 1912, died 1920 (Chronicle, Nov, 5, 1919);

Virginia Club, 1914-1926 (Chronicle, Nov. 5, 1919).

The chief activity of these four clubs seems to have been getting
together once a year to have pictures made for the yearbook and newspapers of
their home states.

Regional clubs within North Carolina were the Mo\intain Boomers' Club,
founded October 29, 1909 (Chronicle Nov. 3, 1909), \rtiich continued till 1921;
and the Sandf iddlers • Club, 1913-1926 (Chanticleer).

At least 28 county clubs have been organized by North Carolina students,
practically all of them during the period 1910-20, when the College was expanding
under the leadership of yoTong President Few. Semi- occasionally these dubs would
.engage in athletic contests, debates, or other extra-curricular activity; but
their chief function seems to have been advertising the school in their home
conmranities and advertising their home comammities on the campus. The groups
; which left some record of organization are:

Lutic-

B£V C^JCt^

^-d

••* »w ,*.

^',i se-ji '?

a7l3~o-:~'^*r*='! 9

eta-j •ai.QiTJis: -j.-

n *oxx hiuov xPod

"r-S -J/-R .

.rei^ .'^I.

ii.-i*-:..

lo "^c^lrlJc

ic:

■UB©" R »^1C

?tdl£.

ft> .focf^s

■■i.ioo

not*'

148

Caldwell Ccmnty Clul>, Octo"ber 29, 1914.

Chatham County Cluh, 1911-1912.

Cleveland Comity Cluh, Oct. 2, 1916.

Cumberland County Cluh, 1910.

Davidson Coxinty Club, Nosr ember 1921.

Duplin County Club, 1915-1919.

Porsythe County Club, 1924.

Gaston County Club, November 1920.

Granville County Club, November 1918.

Guilford County Club, Sept. 34, 1909. Evidently, first of the county
clubs, (Chronicle, Sept. 29, 1909, p.4.)

Harnett County Club, 1925.

McDowell County Club, 1912.

Mecklenbure County Club, Oct. 27, 1914.

Montgomery County Club, 1926-27.

Nash County Club, 1913.

New Hanover County Club, Oct. 13, 1919.

Northampton County Club, October 1916.

Person County Club, November 1919-1924.

Pitt County Club, November 1919-1926.

Eoberson County Club, 1911-1921. (Chronicle, Nov. 10, 1920.)

Sampson Co\inty Club, 1925-1927.

Stanley County Club, November 1919.

Siarry County Club, 1919-1920.

Union County Club, October 1910-1922.

Wake County Club, 1910-1919.

Warren County Club, 1923-1925.

j.:x :

"•r ftifrr f *■.

•rrrr'^ o. •-'■.;. ■

.oeei

.3X61 19^

.•V-

■i •VW

■.rv-ftl.

.eiei-CI'?X .'ix; saiaW

149

Wayne County Club, 1916-1926. (Chronicle, Nqv. 5, 1919.)
Wilson County Club, November 1921.

During the same period were organized the following school clubs:
Alumni Association of Trinity Park School, April 10, 1914.
Davenport College Club, November 1921.
Durham High School Club, October 4, 1912-1926.
Hutherford College Club, 1911-1927. (Chronicle. Nov, 2, 1921.)
Trinity Park School Club, November 1921.
Warrenton High School Club, 1911-1913.
Weaver College Club, 1914-1926.
Webb School Club, 1916-1917.
West Durham High School Club, 1916-1923.

It will be noted that few of these clubs contimied for more than two
or three years*

B, Residence

Since the founding of Woman's College there have been organizations
of students based on place of residence on the campus. Sach of the women's
dormitories (Alspaugh, Aycock, Bg^ssett, Brown, Giles, Jarvis, and Pegram) has
its own house organization— these having been begun in September 1931, with the
exception of Giles House, which was first occupied by women a year later. The
dormitory groups participate in intra-mural athletic contests, compete in needle-
work and fund-raising campaigns for various charities, and elect their own
representatives to the Student Government Council.

Houses for first-year men (Dormitories J, K, L, M, N, 0 and P) have
^een similarly organized since 1933. Women's dormitories have student proctors;
there is a housemaster for each of the first-year men's dormitories.

,i.:-;«i -x«-.-

•lo Tr<

• nai-m-

to*. ,

•^.iCr ■ * ?«-|y~ 'Y/-. -T ;. .■tnr-

t'.-

I «*i>X«»

r- a^.:^rf*

.axs-o^c ss*

cul;

eri^i sr

« a a •: ! i-i OTc i. •? n © tr?

AP -

-.r\n ^<

^T'*

ir r.

150

Southgate Dormitory has been used for students in engineering since
1931, and its residents have heen \mder the supervision of the Engineers' Club
and the Student Grovemment of the College of Engineering. (See page 135.)

Prom the early days of Heconst ruction until about 1920 there were
boarding clubs on the campus nearly every year. A group of a dozen or more
students would decide to patronize the same boarding house and would arrange
with the hostess to have their meals supplied on a cost-plus basis: every man
contributing a stated amount each month, then distributing the suiplus or deficit
at the end. The Aychive for Febmary 1892 notes that there were three boarding
clubs that year, the first in Durham. The first record of such an organization
is of the Arlington Boarding Club (Archive, March 1889, p. 117) at Old Trinity,
the members of which paid $4.35 for their meals for the first month. (A three-
meal book at the Men's Union in 1937 was about $23,00; at the Women's Union,
$25.00 — an average of somewhat less than 30 cents per meal.) Another such
group was known as the Hotel Club (Archive, Janxiary 1892, p. 167). Perhaps the
last one was the College Cooperative Dining Association, 1919-1921, which em-
ployed a full-time manager (Chronicle, Peb. 13, 1919; Sept. 17, 1919; Mar. 16,
1921).

C. Military

Organization of several societies accon^anied and followed Vorld War I .
AEeserve Officers' Training Corps was set lap in 1917 (Chronicle, 0ct» 29, 1919),
on a temporary basis; it was not such an organization as exists at land-grant

' colleges. Then in the two years immediately following the V^ar the following
groups were begun: Naval Club. 1918-1919; AEP Club, 1919 (Alumni Register for
January 1919); Officers' Club, 1919-20 (Alumni Register for i^ril 1919); and

,35x-Service Men's Club, 1920-1921.

VI *f ..... .Lj!j.- aoaoflt 1.0 B"^'

•.-.•-•■- -^"■^•f ^ ■■?-+ iitriit aBioa seat v . ariT ,f>xi6 ■-

rcl aXaeta 'xle^^ 'sof 6r.,^<'fe ftisor rioiiiw 'to nt:

.*'$ Jxwtfji a - • '^

ni^T. , ' 8id* BM xiwoxrsf a^sv

t. ,SI .O'©'^ ,C" •til Qiikli -jijuij'i. £ -

'f i«t rr.'/s ;?',:: ^?v/ ?f ;; '•

'ItrJi T-,> -r.^^v- •■-is.T XrtaujIA) O^-P.r'?! , T'r.rO '-ts.- 'I'l^t) :(■

151

War Savings societies were also formed in 1917, according to the
President's Report of June 1918 (page lO) , and the Hed Cross was more than
usnally active (Al-omni Register, April 1918, page 4l). Associated with the
Hed Cross was American Women's Volunteer Services, which enrolled some 400
women stxidents in "defense classes" and sewing groups in the Fall of 1941.
The British War Relief Society was also active on the campus, among the faculty,
in the early part of World War II, with Dr. Ruth Addoms and Mme« Neal Dow among
the leaders.

Before the United States entered World War II, and even before the
draft registration of October 1940, a small group of students began preparing
themselves for Army life by study of military tactics and daily drill in a
"broomstick brigade." Dr. B, U, Eatchford was drillmaster, and Robert Hancock
was student instigator. About thirty students, and one or two faculty members
maintained interest in the project for a few weeks.

At about the same time there was a class in Morse code given at the
College of Engineering by Student Ben Carlisle. ("Defense Courses" in engineer-
ing, chemistry, and business administration were begun in 1940 for the benefit
of non-college students. For these courses there was no tuition charge, the
Federal Government reimbursing the University for teaching and other expenses.)

A unit of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps of the Wavy (HROTC) was
established in September 1941, with an enrollment of 110 first-year men. These
students soon formed the NROTC Club, which published the first issue of The
Dialre Dolphin in late November 1941, with Allan Grayson editor-in-chief.

In the same category with the NROTC is the CAA (Civil Aeronautics
Authority) program for student pilot training, begun at Duke in 1940, under the
8Tq)ervision of A, S, Brower. There has been no formal organization of CAA
■tudents, but Brower has been adviser to the Flying Club and Alpha Eta Rho,

152

many of whose members received flight training under the CAA student training
program. Duke "became a part of the CAA program in the late Pall of 1939, hut
there was little actual training until 1940. For the first two years it was

usually publicized as beiiag in no way connected with military aviation, but

i
Army Air Cor^s recruiters sought out the CAA boys whenever they came to the

campus. With entry of the United States into the war, the program name was

changed to CPT (Civilian Pilot Training). There was no academic credit for the

course before America entered the war; credit was offered for the first time in

the Spring of 1942. Duke's quota in the CAA program was 40-50 students, on

whom the Federal G-ovemment spent about $300 each. With entry into war the quota

was cut to ten students. Plight instruction was at Raleigh Airport \mtil Pall

of 1941, when it was transferred to Chapel Hill.

I In the peaceful years of 1933-1936 there were at least three attempts

to enlist student antipathy to war. An Anti-War Society was organized in the

Spring of 1933, with support of the Y. M, C. A. "War strikes" were a popular

collegiate fad of the time — students taking a day off from classes to parade

,vith banners against war, make speeches, and have a good time in general. It

I
was at about the same time that there was organized among college students of

the region the Southern Peace-Action Movement, in which Duke Student Douglas

Corriher played a leading part. This was a liberal, rather than conservative,

movement; and at Duke was stqjported by the American Student Union, then strongly

influenced by the Comraunist Party. Nattirally, it did not survive. Por the

Intercollegiate group, Corriher published at Duke the Peace Agent during 1935-36.

'Peace-action was discussed at a few student meetings.

•^Chronicle, Sept. 27, 1933.

issxi ,

9i«i *^

CO ,p*fr«^.

II.-:

V \n*rte d:

' tf- rrr.

.1 «Jc

,c»\ .;.. ;V'/D^ii-vO

xterf^t ,

.IX2H

O* f)6-

rf'ii:.'>'-'">tr'

"li a*

^'iO i-

?V'

■t AOi o;i

^ \o i

^>+ch ■-.

■'■ ^ •''^* _<

^IS? 6:

fri f:rroc oiJ r:

■isoitajw.

•■. :i?-..

• *tj#c

153

The Federal Crovernment had recently yielded to pressure of the
American Legion and paid the "Soldiers' Bonus" for World War I "before the due
date. To somebody at Princeton University this siiggested the advantage to the
prospective soldier of having his pension in advance of fighting, and there was
organized at the New Jersey institution The Veterans of Future Wars. The idea
spread rapidly, and within a few months there were more than 30,000 Future Vets
on American college campuses, including Duke's. Eoosevelt Der Tatevasian was
a popular and energetic first- year student, and he procured a charter for the
Duke chapter. The enterprise was of course abandoned within a few weeks.

Chief points in history of the Veterans at Duke are contained in the

following newstory dated April 21, 1936:

The nominating of a candidate for President of the United Spates
in the 1952 general election is one of the objectives set by the Duke
University post of Veterans of Futxire Wars at company muster here last
night. "We will obtain the bonus that is due us if we have to elect
a whole administration," said Post Commander Roosevelt Der Tatevasian.

The primary objective of the VFW, organized at Princeton Univer-
sity about six weeks ago, is to secure for all future veterans a
"bonus of $1000, payable the first of June, 1965." But, since it is
customary to pay bonuses before they are due, the VFW are demanding
"immediate cash payment, plus three percent interest compounded
annually and retroactively from the first of June, 1965 to the first
of June, 1935."

Commander Der Tatevasian last night appointed a committee which
will submit a slate of prospective presidential candidates at the
Duke post's next muster.

The Duke post of the future veterans nimbers 50 men, and Com-
mander Der Tatevasian stated today that an even larger number of
Dake students is anxious to join as soon as the necessary membership
forms are obtained from national headquarters.

A large group of pre-ministerial students also met last night
and affiliated themselves with the Duke School of Religion chapter
of Chaplains of Future Wars. The chaplains have already entered as
a unit of the VFW; they plan to "preach fimeral sermons to the
future veterans who might not be able to appreciate them when
preached on the battlefield" and "to preach sermons to the future
veterans so that their ideals may never fall below those of Christ
as they blast, bomb, and bayonet their Christian foes."

, j^ui? iSioiS ^loy ©le/C*

rrc en Jbc
tHtJtv fio. .0 Bisv 98 .■■•▼^na*

ijilS

^Q^.*;-^ ■•

rTT <»<ft ^o :J rtg It ' £ ^'^

<^0 A

,a^-

j1&,€

-:f> *»*>■•!

« • ■

Iter »tlS

•J--' ' ._ ■ /Y

^.^jT rr^T

r>~i?.'"

154

^mong the proposed -units of the Duke post of VI¥ are those In
chemistry, marsing, and engineering, a diplomatic division for stu-
dents in law and political science » a home fire division for students
in the Woman's College, and a division of propaganda.

Commander Der Tatevasian stated this morning that the propa-
ganda division will publish the first issue of a local YFW newspaper
next week. It is to he called The Bonus Bill. [One issue was
puhlished,]

All future veterans have heen urged to send letters, telegrams,
and other communications to their representatives in congress, urging
them to support the bill for the 7PW bonus which is to be introduced
"as soon as he can get to it," by Representative Maverick of Texas.

The committee which Commander Ber Tatevasian ^pointed to assist
in selecting prospective presidential candidates is coo^osed of:
Robert W, Miller, president of Beta Omega Sigma, honorary fraternity;
Tom Southgate, president-elect of the men's student government; Harry
S, Etter, candidate for editorship of the campus newspaper; Hilliard
A, Schendorf , editor of Duke 'n* Duchess humor publication; Reid T.
Holmes, circulation manager of the humor magazine; and Robert T, Bean,
member of the University Publications Board for 1936-37.

Bean was selected as candidate for the Presidency in 1952, and had his picture
made with Attorney General Homer S, Cummings, then on the can5)us for talk before
the Bar Association.

The Chaplains of the Veterans of Future Wars was founded at Boston
University Theological Seminary by two Duke graduates: W, McPerrin Stowe and
John D, Lee, Jr. W. J. Honeycutt was named chaplain- in-chief of the Duke group,
and Charles S, Jarvis, secretary. Following is the platform adopted by the
chaplains :

"1, To make pep talks to the Veterans of Future Wars in order
that it may not take so long for them to realize the "truth" that
they are engaged in doing "God's work" while murdering the enemy.

"2. To preach sermons to the Veterans of Future Wars, so that
their ideals may never fall below those of Christ, as they blast,
bomb, and bayonet their Christian foes.

"3. To start preaching funeral orations now so that those who,
in spite of Divine Providence, are dismembered by cruel enemies may
hear of the "Christ-like service" they will have rendered. In this

^-.r

Btsii

[,J5ori8ii'

"j9Ai ci

ft*f' 'it" ' " fJ'Tf ^'•/f

'^rfit To't **-^»l)?^fTPo

7St088 ,9lv

-A X".

:c. sz-

afxoonss

oT .S

(^~1^K^

-2 3- -^O

155

way it will "be possible to give individual orations upon the virtues
of dying for one's country, even on foreign soil. This is in pre-
ference to being one of a wholesale lot that is duinped and covered
over, with only the phrase "poor devils" as oration and epitaph,

"4, To institute semi-annual memorial days for the Unknown
Soldier, in which all Veterans of Future Wars will participate. Then
each may dream that he may be the one of whom such noble words are
spoken and to whom such reverence is given. Attempts will be made
to secure a national politician to speak. In this way, the Veterans
of IHiture Wars may learn of the contribution to the progress of
civilization that is made by the youth who give their lives for "the
cause" while the "statesmen" at home give their very life's blood
sitting in swivel chairs and complaining of the noise in the streets
caused by unprecedented business."

Such business was entirely forgotten in 1941, when undergrad\iates were leaving
for Army camps and students in the Divinity School were volunteering for service
as ch£^lains.

I D, Hobby

Evidently, the first hobby club at Trinity was the Amateur Photo-
graphers' Union, organized in ^ril 1892 (Archive) , and composed chiefly of
faculty members. Its existence was evidently short-lived. On April 30, 1937,
a faculty- student group assembled tmder the chairmanship of A, A, Wilkinson
and organized a Camera Club, which soon became the Dutoe-l>urham Camera Club.
The group has consisted of a dozen to twenty members, and has conducted meet-
ings once a month during the school year. Among the more active members during
its first five years: (Mrs,) Paul Dillard Gamble, (toe.) Hilda Thomas, Ben M,
Patrick, H, P, Pickett, A. L, deBruyne, Lewis Bright, Paiil Horton, J. Beverly
Bedford. Pew students have been associated with the club. Meetings are devoted
to talks and discussions on photographic topics, demonstrations of new techniques,
trips afield, and lectures by visiting authorities and sales agents. Contests,
open to the public, are conducted twice a jrear.

■,.^ n,

iJ^lCv t:

156

In 1923 was organized a Hiking Club among women students. No records
have "been left, A similar group in the Nursing School was led by Miss Anne
Oardiner for a number of years.

In September 1930 was founded the Explorers' Clult, by a grcup of
faculty members that included Miss Alice Baldwin, Miss Aone Gardiner, Mr. and
Mrs. Justin Miller, Mr, and Mrs, Ernest Seeman. According to Burke Smith, one
of the early memhers--

This club is "unique in that it has no formal membership , no dues, no
officers. When a hike is to he made several of the members decide
where to go and whom to invite. Names are selected from a list of
more than 200 interested students. Trips are made every two weeks
on Sunday afternoon [sometimes on Satturdays], The party leaves the
campuses in cars and drives to the scene of the hike. A leisurely
walk through a wooded section is followed hy a picnic meal arotmd a
campfire. Twice a year week-end trips are made, to the mountains and
to the sea.

A Needlework Guild is organized at Woman's College every year or two,
to help provide clothing for various charities. The first recorded formal
organization was in Octoher 1935, when student sewers were organized "by dormi-
tories. Usually such groups are affiliated with senior societies of town women.

Chess has attracted the enthusiasm of a limited numher of students,
and Chess Clubs were organized in 1913, 1929, and 1939. The first club survived
only a short while, evidently; but the second was active for at least three
years (Chronicle, Jan. 8, 1930, Peh. 24, 1932; Mar, 16, 1932).

Women students organized the Southgate Gasrden Club about 1928. It
did not survive the first season, evidently.

The Durham Stamp Club was organized in 1934. Anong faculty members
have been: W, S, Fitzgerald, E, R, C. Miles, and E, H, Yomig. A few students
have been members, and George W, Hester, a student, was head of the group in
1937.

■tare: aOfS*

ilA J£-

•t *Pti

iilM boil'
Id aaaie
: r

3iii J

*.-

■tciia

.-i-i-^-i.i—T. ^-^ i^--

''r ■: J ■'?';i?

-V ?f

157

The Duke Rifle and Pistol Club was founded by Senior Phil Mitchell
during the Pall of 1939. Practice sessions were held in the Durham Armory and
at the outdoor pistol range of the Durham Police Department. Application was
made for affiliation with the National Rifle Association of America. A Durham
_Sun story of November 15, 1939, announcing formation of the club on that date,
states that "officials of the university have failed to sanction such a team."
Nothing has been heard of the club since its first year.

Carmen Patterson, Class of 1933, was the first Duke student to receive
a civilian pilot's license. She did some flying around Durham in 1930, and in
December of that year the Aviation Club was organized, according to the Chronicle
of December 3. Officers were to have been named that month, but no further
record has been found.

In the Pall of 1938 Robert H. Odell, of Concord, N, C. , and Forest
Hills, !• I., New York, founded the Duke Plying Club, which has been an active
organization for the last three years. There were perhaps half a dozen students
with private pilot's licenses and others interested in obtaining licenses. The
club arranged for flight instruction and other advantages at Raleigh Airport
dnring its first year, then with the improvement of East Durham Airport began
spending spare time there. Outstanding aviators have come to the campus to
address the club, and the grou^ has supported the CAA student pilot training
program. Odell represented the Duke club at the annual national intercollegiate
flying meet at Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, In June 1939, winning several
prizes. Malcolm Holt and John W. Priddy were named southern regional officers
of the National Intercollegiate Plying Club. A southern regional meet was
arranged for Raleigh Airport on May 14, 1939, but cancelled on account of weather.
The club has a good safety record. Several former members have already a chieved
noteworthy places in aviation.

''CLE v^c(rrt/v auidtxA ari* al

9VAd oi eiow iTts-

158

Postered "by the Duke ilying Club was the local chapter of Alpha Eta
Bho, international aviation fraternity. The chapter was founded "by Odell,
with the follov/ing charter members: Richard Swank, Barnard L, Hhodes, Herbert
k» Q, Krupp, John A, Barnicoat, John W. Priddy, Alfred J. Brown, John D.
Hewlett, Richard T. Hut chins, and Y. Kirfcpatrick-Howat . The Duke chapter,
founded December 5, 1939, is the fifth (JJpsilon) in the order. It has been
less active since Odell was called to active military duty early in 1941,

2. Paculty and Community

The following groups have little if any effect on student life, but

are listed here to complete the record:

Faculty Club, organized February 15, 1919. Men only.

Erasmus Club, organized Spring 1926. Sometimes called Erasmus
Philology Club,

Saturday Night Club, January 1895-1898. (Archive, VIII, 92.)
Faculty literary organization.

Duke University Art Association, founded Pall 1930.

Campus Club, March 1914. Faculty wives. Mrs, W, P, Pew was first
president.

Community Club, founded about 1929. Similar to Campus Club»

Duke University Dames, organized 1933, Wives of graduate students.

Faculty Women's Club, begun prior to 1929.

Polio Club, about 1931. Faculty and campus women.

Newcomers' Club, 1927, YoUng faculty wives,

American Association of University Women.

I American Association of University Professors,

Americana Club. Faculty writers. (See American Studies in Honor of
W, K. Boyd, Duke University Press.

.iiWOI^ .' ' ^'-

iX/»o

159

P. Fictitious

Alpha Sigma Sigma, 1931-. Mythical Society of Notables (ASSes).
Usually mentioned in Chanticleer as having "been founded at North Carolina State
College, Lists of new members appear in the yearbook annually,

Anti-Cussin' Club, about 1889. (Archive, NqV. 1889, p,37,)
Blue Boors, founded May 9, 1938, by John Bollard (I. Irritate, Chief
Boor), Distinction similar to Alpha Sigma Sigma. Pounded for purpose of lam-
pooning fied Priars. (Durham Sun, May 16, 1938.)

Damned Pools' Laiighing Association, October 1904. Pounders: Billy
Smith, John Hutchinson, G-ibby Poard, Paul Beachboard, Joe Pitts, C. R. Warren.
(Alumni Register, Apr. 1915, p. 27.)

Ejection Club, about 1925. Percival X. Scab, canine member of the
Class of 1926, did not enjoy favor of all students. Those who insisted that
he stay out of classrooms and dormitories were members of Ejection Club.

Plaes, Grand & Exalted Order of the. (Chronicle, Oct, 5, 1921.)
HuBian Nature Club. Opposite of Ejection Club. 1925.
I Signa Phi. (Chanticleer, 1928.)
Mendacity Club. (Archive , Oct. 1889, p. 17.)
Mutual Aid-to-the-Stuck Society. (Archive , June 1888, p. 156.)
Nauseating Order of Chewers. (Alumni Register, June 1928, p. 228.)
Original Research Society. (Archive, Dec. 1891.)
Regardless Pruit Club. (Archive, Oct. 1891, p. 35.) Members appro-
priated fruit from orchards near college campus.

Sigma Sigma Alpha (Eta Alpha chapter). (Chanticleer, 1932.) National
society of over-sized girls, foiinded at Woman's College. Soon died for lack of
eligible students.

Society for the Propagation of Good Conduct. (Archive, Mar. 1894, p. 31.)

■■.o vr^^iLc- .'>',;

F.^'

3sla-

-ry.

150

Or, Miscellaneous Unclassified

In October 1935 was formed the Dance Study Club, under auspices of
the Department of Physical Education in Woman's College. The group planned to
petition Orchesis, national collegiate dance society. The group soon adopted
the name Modem Dance Group (see page 94), Miss Modena Leids has been advisor
I {and chief stimulator.

Not in any way related was the Teirpsichorean Society of 1890 (Archive,
ITqv. 1891, p. 85), an tmsanctioned, or perhaps fictitious, organization, (in
later years fraternities have often been referred to as "dance clubs." Duke
has never had a cotillion club, according to the records.)

The Graduate Club was founded in October 1925 by students in the
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. It has been revived occasionally. Por
a number of years the grot^ had a separate table in the Union Dining Hall, but
by 1940 the enrollment in graduate divisions was sufficiently large to necessi-
tate providing a separate dining hall.

The Chanticleer of 1921 refers to graduate student assistants as the
Scinib Paculty.

Grand Stand Club, founded about 1893. A loosely-knit group of students
and others who liked to hang around the grandstand in Blackwell Park (the College
campus) to watch the proceedings on the athletic field. (Archive, Jeb. 1893.)

Buzzard Club, existing at about the same time and meeting at the same
:>lace, is reputed to have served stewed cat at initiation sxippers.

The Archive of January 1905 mentions an entertainment of the Ich Diene
blub by Miss Edna Kilgo.

I On October 4, 1932, a dinner meeting was held for organizing a Story-
tellers ' Ring in Duke Forest. Organizers were liberal members of the Explorers'

161

Club, with Walter Cutter presiding. Dr. C, F. Korstian, Dean of the School
of Forestry, had encouraged the idea. No further record is found,

Stephen Zidd and other students began a Student Travel Agency in
Novem'ber 1936, for the purpose of serving students travelling to and from home —
arrangiiig for railway and "bus tickets, and providing rides in other students'
automobiles. The venture was not successfrCL,

The Chronicle of March 29, 1933, reports organization of a Scout
Leaders' Club. Dr. R, N, Wilson has been interested in such groups for a num-
ber of years.

From 1918 to 1926 sons and daughters of ministers got together at
least once a year (evidently for the purpose of having their pictures taken
for The Chanticleer.) Such groups took the title. Hades Club.

The Al\imni Office organized second and third generation students into
the Club of Sons and Daughters of Duke Alumni in the Spring of 1936. Little
has been heard since.

On April 15, 1920, was organized the Overall Club, which recommended
wearing of overalls and plain dresses for economy. W. B, Umstead headed the
group, which soon disbanded.

A Typing and Stenographic Bureau was organized October 16, 1933, by
Ross Tunnell, A, V/ilson Honeycutt, and Ben M. Patrick. In 1936 it was taken
over by the University as a division of the Student Activities Office. There
was a Phonographers' Club from 1915 to 1917, preceded by a Stenographers' Club
organized September 14, 1911.

A student- operated Pressing Club was organized January 4, 1906, accord-
ing to Kie Chronicle. Originally managed by J. M, Pitts for his own benefit, it
was later taken over as a revenue-producer by the Athletic Association.

.oi;Iu •

el.Uv

•s 10 1 a'j^^-SQ-x lix^Icr ^'ii£. i^.i-L'i

•or

, jji;c

, ^s'tsi;/!!:?^ f>05

Chapter X
OBSERVATIONS AND (jqESTIONS

"College education doesn't make fools; it merely develops them." The
same might well "be said of collegians who are not fools.

The history of extra-curricular student enterprises at Duke Univer-
sity indicates that rarely does a student attain distinction by wholly voluntary
effort in a field of endeavor to which he was stranger at time of enterirg col-
lege. The student thespian who is outstanding was interested in drama "before
his college years. The collegian who manages the campus political machine was
a leader on the grammar-school playground and had a hig voice in the extra-
curricular life of his high school. As a general rule, the editor of the col-
lege publication acquired the journalistic mange as a newshound on his high
school paper, and the star athlete did something besides play marbles in the
primary grades. There are few exceptions.

This raises two interesting questions: (l) What attributes are essen-
tial to leaderslxip? (2) How and when are such attributes acquired?

These are, in effect, the same questions put in the first chapter; and
they remain unanswered.

Some academic persons have given attention to the notion that there is
a "geography of notability," that such things as climate, soil, altitude help to

O r r-.r;. V ■♦ • .-* ^**f* f^^

\j • rr

163

engender genius. Such theory supports the idea that qualities of leadership are
innate, geneticly acquired, that leaders are "born, not made.

Then, how identify the leader hefore he attains leadership? How pick
in childhood the person "most likely to succeed"? How point out in college the
student who in twenty years will lead his profession? Scholarship alone is no
index, surely; nor is any sort of popiilarity poll very accurate.

Evidence points to a definite correlation between creditahle achieve-
ment in scholarship and prominence in extra-curricular activities. The student
who is laggard in his studies is not a leader outside the classroom — except,
occasionally, on the athletic field. The SMOC is a better-than-average student,
from the professor's viewpoint. The student who is secretary of his fraternity,
reporter for the college newspaper, and. member of the Preshman Advisory Coimcil
makes the Dean's List more often than his neighbor who has no extra-curricular
interest.

Distinction is relative, of course. Without attempting to define the
term, it may be observed that during the last decade in the undergraduate col-
leges of Duke University about one student in 25 has attained distinction in
extra-cTHTicular activities. Assuming this proportion to be sound and true for
all colleges, and granting that colleges actually do train the world's leaders,
would it be to the benefit of society for the state to give extra special atten-
tion to the training of this fraction of one percent of the pop-ulation? The
Nazis now begin training leaders for the state considerably in advance of the
college level. Is this foolish?

Money would appear to be no aid to distinction in extra-curricular
life. The son of the millionaire is often a playboy. He joins a fraternity
"because his money is usefijl to the group, Eis grades are often below average,
and just high enough to keep him in college. The extra-curricular leader, on

i. Qi^l si':

1396 ei offw . Iv a

.-i'rStivi^cs T

"i^snorj a j.

164

the other hand, is often ohliged to earn a substantial portion of his expenses.
There is no hard and fast rule, of course, hut there is sxifficient indisputable
evidence to give basis for the general rule that wealth is no aid to distinction
at Ihjke. (Even inconspicuous wealth is still accompanied by a degree of notori-
ety on the campuses, but notoriety is different from distinction,)

i^aternities and sororities are often regarded as undemocratic by
persons outside such organizations. For the last two decades, two undergraduates
out of every three have not been affiliated with fraternities and sororities.
Pec\iniary circumstance is of course a factor in preserving the ratio, but not
the only factor. Some fraternity members are not at all well-to-do.

A substantial majority of BMOCs and BWOCs are members of fraternities
and sororities. These groups pride themselves on the number of offices in
extra-curricular enterprises held by their members, and members are encouraged
to offer themselves as candidates. This tendency often assures little or no
political s\3pport for the worthy non-fraternity candidate, and often makes it
a fact that the most capable student for a particular office is not a candidate.
Fraternity membership tends to make one more interested in becoming a BMOC.

In college, as in the larger society, men and women covet for them-
selves and for their friends choice positions of power and supposed honor,
and the striving for places of distinction often seems to be merely an effort
to satisfy insidious vanity. This applies to leaders of the so-called "service
organizations" as well as to heads of groups primarily social; and one is led
to ask: Does the leader of the band — the strutting drum major — display the
foundation qualities which every leader must possess?

Since there would seem to be evidence for the conclusion that qualities
of leadership are innate, or, if not, acquired very early in life, one is led to
the final qiiestion: Are leaders really chosen by those they lead?

^oai r

>".:■! e -5 .

:o3 ast

0 3TS

T5.".' X 1

r-jif. ■:(?■/•

1* ab

, ; ;»0i

i J- e^ .. i.V >t' .)i

^Bqeo

-10 ,9

^ — &d^M

l^Sp

^il^

Appendices

A. Poundixig members and Officers of Student Organizations,

Also Names of Leading Scholars in Graduating Classes,

Mem"bers of Omicron Delta Kappa, Red Friars, and

White Dachy 3

B. Organizations and Enterprises Classified 121

C. Wiley Gray Orators 125

Appendix A
Founding Members and Officers

These are the persons who shorild have, or shotild, "become the outstand-
ing alumni of Duke University, according to their records in college. No effort
has been made to classify these student leaders statistically (according to
geography, scholarship records, parents' occupations and education, self-
appraisals concerning value of extra-curricular activities, after-college
achievements, favorite brands of cigarettes, or other possible interesting
classifications) with the exception of the table on the following sheet. This
is included merely as a suggestion of one possibly interesting and profitable
line of st\idy.

Group I should be s\ipposed to include the leaders in nearly all
other groups. Group II should (at least by superficial reasoning) develop into
leaders in government; Group III, in religion; Group IV, in journalism and
literature; Group V, in commerce and industry; Group VI, in education; and
Group VII, in law. Eave they? Will they?

Numerous other avenues of approach will suggest themselves to the
interested student.

(Appendix A was typed by Juanita Harward, with the assistance of
Beatrice Mellon and John Kennedy.)

■T'

■ I ,"' •^ i- o •

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP SELECTED STUEffiUT OFFICERS

Organization

Nos.

.Car.

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Are

a 4

Area 5

Group I

1 B

1 2

1 B

0 D K

318

Red Friars

112

White Duchy

102

Group II

Classes

274

Frat Pan-Kel

Sor Fan-Hel

Men's Gov't

35'*

Women's Gov't

Group III

Minister. Assn

. 52

LOO

Y M C A

LOO

Y W C A

LOO

Group 17

Archive Eds.

LOO

Chant. Eds.

Chron, Eds.

Group V

Alpha K.Psi

Archive Mgrs.

100

Chant. M^s.

100

Chron. Mgrs.

100

85 ;

Group VI

Sumiaa & Magna

cum Laude

300

208

K.D.Pi

Group VII

Columhia

201

Hesperian

185

Players

Bar Assn.

Average
and Total ^^^

2039

Key: Area 1, Southern (including North Carolina); Area 2, Middle Atlantic; Area
3, New England; Area 4, Middle West; Area 5, Far West. A, period before 1925;
B, period 1925-1940. First column (Nos.) shows n\imber of officers of each
organization; figures in other colTamns (areas) are percentage,

♦Fewer North Carolinians and Southerners each year since 1934-35. V/hile this
condition obtains with relation to nearly all organizations, the change is
especially noticeable in the Men's Association. The University was est^ilished
in 1934, but the student body did not become representative of the Eastern
United States before 1934. Geographical distribution steady for last 5 years.

President

Vice-Presiddnt

Secretary

Treasurer

R. A. Smith

A. E. P. Clulj
(1919-1920)

C, W. Bonday

W. R. Minshew W. R. Minshew

Alpha Chi
(Peh. 11, 1937-.See Chi Phi)

Charter Members: R. Der Tatevasian, John Lange, T. Reid Holmes,
William Bltinge. Pred G, Torke.

William Eltinge John Lange
H. Der Tatevasi^ Tom Goddy

Pal ton Main T. R. Williams
T. E. Williams W. W. Roberts

Alpha Delta Pi
(June. 2, 1911- )

Charter Members: Pannie Kilgo, Emma McCullen, Mildred Sinclair, Sally
Smith, Annie St. George, Lizzie Wrenn»

Chapter Reporter -
Chapter Reporter -
Amy Muse
Lucile Baldwin

Edna Taylor

Vera Wiggins

Elizabeth Allen
Martha Wiggins

Irene Price
Chapter Reporter ~
Hunter Hollo way
Chapter Reporter -
Chapter Reporter -
Virginia Gibbons
Anne Garrard
Elizabeth Roberts

Sara E. Ormond

Edith Parker
Alma Wyche

- Mildred Sinclair.
Pannie Kilgo

Gladys Price

Martha Wiggins
Helen Lyon

Helen Cantrell

Pat tie Knight
- Elizabeth Hicks
Anne Garrard
Elizabeth Roberts
Sara K. Ormand

Edith Parker

Eliz. Clifton
Mary A. Hauss

Irma Tapp
Vera Wiggins

Vera Wiggins

Amy Muse

Edna Taylor

Lorraine Isley

Janet Smith

Lorraine Isley

Charlotte Avera Mary Petitt

Gladys Price

Mary Petitt Martha Wiggins

Mamie Rath Charchill

Margie White

Irene Price Sara Dashield

Helen Cantrell

Frances Holmes Louise Slocum

Harriet Lewis

Elizabeth Parker-Lois Hackney

Mollie Parmer Eliz. Churchill

Bliz. Parker Annie L. Caldwell

Eliz. Clifton

Mary A, Hauss Alma Wyche

Margaret Bennett Annie L. Caldwell

Zoa L. Haywood

Tear

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

(Alpha Delta Pi - Cent.

1929 Prances Hill Margaret Bennett

1930 Hettie English Eliz. Williams

1931 Edith Leach

Chapter Reporter — Elizabeth Bullock

1932 Virginia Ragan Carmen Patterson

1933 Virginia Dillon Sarah C. Taylor

1934 Jane S. Hannon Nelson Powell

1935 Mary I. Henderson Kathlyn Buice

1936 Margery Edwards Jeanne Toxing

1937 Jeanne Yotmg Virginia Skinner

1938 Oliva Womhle Macon Crowder

1939 Louise Wo r sham Jeannette Johnson

1940 Kathlene Griffin Carol Conners

)

Dorothy Jennette Annie L. Caldwell
Virginia McBwen Edith Leach
Leo no re Murphy Edith Leach

Carmen Patterson

Jane Steele Hannon Mary Parkhurst

Sally Allen

Mary S. Lackey Mary Parkhiirst

Janet Griffin

Susan McKeil June Bailey

Josephine Atkinson

Margery Edwards Martha Bailey

Louise Wannamaker

Emilie Crum Margaret A. March

Helen Cockrell

Helen Cockrell Nancy Arthur

Louise McBride

Madeline McGinnis Sara N. Arthur

Peggy Glenn Marion Willman

Kathlene Griffin

Ann Beeves Nancy Steininger

Sarah Booe

Alpha Epsilon Phi
(March 1934 - )

Charter Members: Anne KatjC, Sara Berenson, Jeanette Sidenberg,
Jane Lins, Bubye Pogel, Ethel Nachamson.

Jeanette Sidenberg<
Jane Lins
Frances Brooks
Prances Brooks
Evelyn Paradies
Claire Brandt
Helen Gottlieb

-Sara Berenson
Ruby Pogel
Jane Lins
Gertrude Fleet
Eva Nachamson
Wilma Jacobi
Wilma Jacobi

Rubye Pogel
Shirley Diamond
Helen Levitt
Irene Stutson
Wilma Jacobi
Lillian Fleet
Shirley Blurae

Ethel Nachamson

Gertrude Sawilosky
Prances Josephs
Claire Globeman
Helen Levitt
Dorothy Pessar
Doris A. Rubin

Alpha Kappa Kappa
(October 24, 1931 - )

Charter Members: Earl Winfrey Brian, Milton Carpenter, Cobey, Ralph
Ernest Schmidt, Ramond Taylor Jenkins, John Cole Burwell, Jr.,
Rudolph John Depner, Charles Mattocks Kendrick, Francis LeRoy Owens,
George Wallace Holmes, James Francis Fulp, Ben Eenslee Fuqua, Robert
Boyd Smith, Jr., John Stewart Forbes, Jr., Lacy Allen Andres, Jr.,
John Fletcher Lavejoy, Orrin Prank Kleckner.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Lacy Andrews

John Barwell

James Fulp

Bamond Jenkins

W. C. Spring
Henry T. Munson

(Alpha Kappa Kappa-Cont.)
Rudolph J. Depner
Ben Puqua
Milton Cohey
Francis A. Owens

Seorge I, Uhde
Willis Harris

John S. Forbes John C. Burwell

Earl Brian

Milton Cobey Eamond Jenkins

Robert Smith

Arthar Moyer Jenkins Ralph Schmidt

Roderick Jones

Marvin Herrington Charles Collins

John Denholm

Norman 0. Veale-George Silver, III

Richard Finner Kenneth Babcock

Alpha Kappa Psi
(Dec. 1929 - )

Charter Members: John Daniel, Lee Hawkins, Web Murray, Claiborne
Blalock, Charles Brown, Hugh Miller, Robert Andrews, Thoms-S Summerow,
StTiart Hardison, William Biggs, Carroll Cunnin, Julian Connaly, •
William Budd, G-eorge King, Jr., William Lassiter, Osborne Dunn,
William Dunn, Jr., William Rousseau, Marshall Campbell, Robert
Johnson.

Grordon Power
Jackson Viol
Harold Pruner
Fred Wildnauer
Charles B. Peck
Thomas 3. I^on
Howard P. Mason
Guy Bemer
Bayne A. Sparks

Raymond L. Kent
Joseph S. Schieferly
William G. Crawford
Philip H. Gillls
William Bltinge
Peter J. Blake
Jerome Wolfe
Joseph G. Hollmeyer

Walter Wikingstad George Watson
Fred Wildnauer J. Bynum Grant
Caleb V. W. Smith A. Gray Wilson
H. Edward Ulrich Thomas S. Ryon
Arthar Pawling Allen Spurgeon
John T. Dollard-William R. Huck
John McNeilly James Momingstar
Lawrence A. Foster Robt. A.Sandersc

Alpha Omega Alpha
(1931-1930)

Charter Members: Drs. Wilburt C. Davison, Harold L. Amoss, Deryl
Hart, Bayard Carter, A. R. Shands, Jr., J. M. Arena, George W.
Heinitsh, John F. Lovejoy.

J. F. Love joy

J. Lamar Callaway

George W. Joyner

Jay Arena
J. Lamar Callaway
George Heinitsh
George Heinitsh
George Heinitsh
George Heinitsh

President

Vice-President

Secretary-

Treasurer

Alpha Phi
(May 11, 1935- )

Charter Memhers: Hath Bennett, Elinor Douglas, Betty Halsema,
Eleanor Congdon, Martha Physioc.

1935 (May) Ida Applewhite
1935 Betty Halsema

Mary E. Smith
Countess Tabor
Beatrice Bousch
Ruth Auser

Edith Eisen

Sarah Ducket t
Rehecca Atzrodt

Frances Salmon
Jane Winters
Countess Tabor
Jean Omar

Betty Rich

Ruth Bennett Betty Halsema

Ida S. Applewhite Margery White

Rath Bennett

Beatrice Rousch Mary L. Kincheloe

Miriam Weckisser Doris Hartman

Susan Phillips Doris Hartman

Dorothy Alexander Frances Goddard

Elizabeth Kramer

Phyllis Padmftre Mary L, Dawe

Marg. Spruill

Alpha Tau Omega
Pounded at Trinity 1872
Banned 1879; Revived 1890
(Oldest Duke Fraternity)

Charter Members: Josejih R. Anderson, Moses L. Wicks.

0. Lawrence Dortch
Robert T, Bean
Arthur Bradshdr
Albert Clay
Max Long
Speed Veal
Tom Moore

A. Car] Lee
Arthur B. House
James Shilliday
Speed Veal
Fred Albee
Werner C. Brown

Edwin B. Abbott
P. Huber Hanes
P. Huber Hanes
Norvin Perry, Jr
Tom Senf f
Robert Lester
John Vennema

William Jennings
Arthur Rouse
Howard Whitaker
. Howard Whitaker
John Hackers
John Wright
Don Stevenson

AlspaTigh House
(1931- )

Jean Stewart
Louise Merkel
Trixie Tannis
Katherine White
Barbal'a Rich
Margaret Morton
Louise Gracely
Jean Merkel
Shirley Smith

Marion Shepherdson
Lucia Walker
Marthan J. Culbertson
Kathryn Margolis
Janet Rawdon
Brugh, Louise
Betty Yon
Jean Gross

Louise Gracely
Betty Yon
Betsy Morrison
Ellen Sherrill

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

American Institute of Electrical Engineers
(1926- )

0. T. Colclough
F. Colton Somers
Alexander Shemet
Harold L. Flowers
Thomas J. Byrum
John F, Byrum
James Highsmith

F. A. Bevacgua
E. Bohert Scattergood Alexander Shemet T. Harry Worman
C. D, Motley Holand Husso C. F, Bynum
Roland Rasso Thomas Byrom Harvey Jenkinson
Christopher R. Wehster John F. Byrum Walter Treut
Curtis McCallip James L. Highsmith George Dorsey
Dale 0. l/^ers Robert L. Cochran Charles Holley

American Society of Civil Engineers

(Feb. 14, 1933- )

Charter Members: J. H. Armfield, George B. Cropper, J, R. Malone,
George D. McCrey, Robert S. Miller, Erie B. Everman, Arthur Batson,
John Bird, Randolph Clarke, Fred Neu, David Di\unmond, Gerald Ferguson,
Arthur Wigley.

Charles Ballenger Erving Bearse
Charles Baker Robert Buck
Charles Nickerson Milton Oviatt
William F, Groesback Carl King
Francis H. Werneke Wm. D. Drew

F. W. Pettengill Same
William Griffiths Same
John D. MacLauchlan Same
Alfred Alpert Same
Wm. D. MacLauchlan Same

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

(Jan. 1936- )

Charter Members: J. Alberts, W. Alexander, S. Boyce, W. Buckingham,

G. Bynum, C. Cole, D. Cornish, R. Cummings, M. Edwards, R. Gregory,

B. Guerin, F, Eartz, J. Hardin, W. Jerome, S. Jones, R. Keane,

J. King, F. Lauther, M. Litler, R. Martin, E. Mathews, S. McKee,

D. Nicholas, 7. Parzick, B. Schuerman, E. Shilling, W. Stube, J. Trainor,

W. Turner, C. Washer, R. Crawford.

Joseph A. Trainor Robert Martin
Stanley Boyce Richard Keane
Henry Evans, Jr. Robert L. James
Robert James Ward Abbott
Howard Schmidt Wm. Larsson

Hulme Pattinson

Wm. W. Turner Stanley Boyce
Robert D. Martin Ge«rrge Bynum
George T. Bynum Edward von So then
Wellington Cramer Howard Schmidt
Donald Wo Hard John V. Shirley

Richard S. Wilbur

President

Vice-President

Secretarg

Treasurer

American Student Union

(Nov. 1936 - 1938)

Charter Memlaers: Sheldon Harte, Half Munster, Everett Burtt, Walter
Shaefer, James Pait, Robert Creegan.

Sheldon R. Harte

Everett Burtt

Pahlicity Chairmanj Kathryn Margolis

Teressa Harris

Archive
(1887- )

Editor

J, L. Armstrong
J. L. Armstrong
J. L. Armstrong
Lucius S. Massey
Erank Armfield
Isaac E, Avery
Luther T. Hartsell
Gilbert T. Bowe
Samuel W, Sparger
M. Troy Dickinson
John Allen Sharp
Dallas W. Hewson
John McT. Flowers
David D. Peele
Henry R. Dwire
Charles K, Robinson
Walter P. Budd
Julian Blanchard
Samuel B. Underwood
Hersey B. Spence
7i. A. Stanbury
M. A. Briggs
Tfalter B. West
Chesley M. Hutchings
E. J. Lundow
Quinton Eclton
Robert B. Murray

William I. Woo ten
Isaac S. Harrell
Henry C. West

Business Manager

Black B. Nicholson, William N. Jones

Stonewall J. Durham, Emmett L. Moffitt

S. M. Crowell, Stonewall J. Durham

Joseph S. Betts, S. M. Crowell

Robert Lee Davis

Francis &. Westbrook

Kincher P. Carpenter

Joseph E. Separk

Benjamin F. Harrison

John P. Gibbons

Lewis W. Elias

Stephen A. Stewart

John K. Wood

Edwin S. Yarbo rough

Thomas W. Smith, Jr.

Paul B, Beachboard

M. Eugene NewsoB

William M. Smith

Frank R. Wrenn

Sanford A« Richardson

T^mas A. Finch

Willis Smith

Ernest C. Cheek

Robert G, Cherry

Samuel W. Marr

Milton R. Pleasants

William H. Morgan
John J. Lilley
Charles S. Bunn

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

(ArcMve-Contl )

Editor

1917

Ralph L. Fisher

1918

Clarke C. Alexander

1919

Norman M. West

1920

Jesse L. Peterson

1921

Sidney S. Parabow

1922

Mike Bradshaw, Jr.

1923

Hal A. Oliver

1924

James J. Parriss

1925

R. P. Earriss

1926

A. A, Wilkinson

Eiko Tonemara

Basiness Manager

S. M. Spivey
Robert W. Bradshaw
John E. Harrison, Jr,
Reno K. Par ring ton
Thomas A. Banks
Walter W. Turrentine
William J. Bullock
Charles H. Pegram
Sdward L. Cannon
Benjamin S. Ramsey
Sara Kate Ormond

B. B. Carstarphen
David H. Thorpe
Mary Arden Hauss
Gerald M. Crona
Dorothy Jennette
Gerald M. Crona
Elizabeth Williams
Ovid W. Pierce
Elizabeth Bui luck
James B. Clark
Marjorie Glasson
Richard A. Smith
Amy Duke

Jsunes P. Helm, III
Nancy Hudson
Earle I. Ranner, II
Nancy R. Hudson
Edward E. Post, Jr.
Louise Warren
Robert C. Wilson
Edward E. Post, Jr.
Kiffin Hayes
Lorenz Eitner
Bettilu Porterfield
Helmut P. Koeniz

Charles A. Kirkpatrick
Robert M. Johnston
Elizabeth Caldwell
Julian U. Connally
Elizabeth Caldwell
John I, Morgan, Jr.
Elizabeth Caldwell
W. Alfred Williams
Elizabeth A. Rouse
M. Eugene Newsom, Jr,
Elizabeth Sellars
M. Eugene Newsom, Jr,
Nelson Powell

McCarthy Hanger, Jr.
Nelson Powell
Philip M. Russell
Annadale Graeter
Herbert J. Upchurch
Prances Edwards
Thomas I^on
Jane Dusenbury
Clinton Morgan, Jr.
Frank L. Greathouse, Jr.
John M. Dozier
Jean Bailey

Tear

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Athena Literary Society
(Jan. 8, 1912-1926)

1912 Polly Heitman
1912 Bess Widenhouse
Fannie Kilgo
Laura Tillet
Lizzie M. Smith.
Fannie Vann
Amy Muse
Carrie B. Craig
Lucile Bullard
Mary Wilson
Margaret Kornegay
Cora Moss
Vera Wiggins
Anita Harper

Thelma HoUrell
Coma Cole
Lillian Haxnsuer
Lyda Bishop
Annie Garriss
Llllie M. Stanford
Margaret Jo r don
Mary K. Ellison
Lillian Frost
Nancy Kirkman
Edith Judd

Susie Marlcham
Estelle Flowers
Mamie Hoover
Lizzie M. Smith
Cora Wescott
Annie Hamlin
Annie Hamlin
Sadie McGauley
Tula Waller
Etoile Young
Kate Umstead
Janie Chandler
fiath Meeritt
Mary Pettit

Josie Foy

Emma L. Chaff in
Hunter Holloway
Lu.cy Dunnagan
Va, Mepritt
Annie Land
Dorothy Wilson
Agnes Judd
Mary Griffin
Mary Morris
Ethel Fink

Irene Ahernethy
Nettie Tillet
Mary Vr'escott
Carrie Craig
Amy Muse
Lucille Bullard
Carrie Craig
Mary Wilson
Etoile Young
Mary Bynum
Nellie Reade
Vera Wiggins
Margaret Cameron
Leonora Aiken

Annie West
Etta Thompson
Estelle Flowers
Amy Muse
Fannie Vann
Edna Taylor
Mary Knight
Etoile Young
Laura M, Bivins
Mary Knight
Inez Allen
Hallie Baldwin
Martha Wiggins
Estelle Warlick

Emma L. Chaff in Mildred Beck

Flora M. Meredith Allene Parrish

Coma Cole Allene Parrish

Virginia Merritt

Jane Chris tenhury Ida M, Greene

Lillian Frost

Lucy Glasson Kittie Stuhhs

Edith Judd

Fidelia Overton Pauline Ratledge

Mildred Lee

Sara K. Ormand Louise Parker

T. G. Stem
T. G. Stem
W. W. Flowers
W. W. Flowers
W. W. Flowers
W. W. Flowers

Athletic Association
(Founded - 1900
Dishaned ih 1907 and
formed council, dis-
baned in 1914)

W, 6. Jerome
W. 6, Jerome
T. B. Suiter
John C. Woo ten
John C. Wooten
C. B. West

L. B. Gibson Same

C. E. Phillips Same

J. B. Warren, Jr. J, E, .Pegraxn

C. B. West J. E. Pegram

P. F. Hanes J. E. Pegram

H. A. McKinnon J. E. Pegram

President

Yice-President

Secretery

Treasurer

Athletic Association, Woman's
(1929- )

Mary Langs ton
Marjorie 61 as son
Bernice Rose
Eliza"beth Pegram
Margaret Cuninggim
Marjorie White
Joan Bliss
Frances Briggs
Nancy Craig
Kancy Craig

Marjorie Glasson
Fanny O'Keefe
Elizabeth Peg ram
Josephine Sahy

Marjorie White
Camilla Richie
Billiard Hardin
Billiard Hardin
Doris Colsh
Jean Synder

Florence Moss
Elizabeth Pegram
Ethel Garrett
Dorothy Gray
Carol Strauss
Doris MacNutt
Grace Stamets
Joan Thorns
Jean Synder
Marjorie LaMont

Margaret Parsons

Dorothy Eaton
Eloise Ingram
Elvira Barleigh
Lucy Rauschenberg
Mary Bender
Frances Briggs
Laurette Ryan
Helen Gottlieb
Sarah Dabney

Prank McNeill

Autocracy Smashers
(1918-1919)

Z. J. Best

H. V. Dorrity

Ay cock House
(1931- )

Mary Jans en
Gretchen Little
Louise Warren
Louise Warren
Anne Ho limey er
Gretchen Elmiger
Elise Curry
Barbara Fagan

Virginia Griffin

Carol Connors
Barbara Fagan
Patricia Head

Martha Cooney
Betty Griffiths
Sheena Webster

Manager

Band
(1906, Refounded- 1923)

Asst. Manager

W. S. Lee, Jr.
Banks Arendell
L. C. Larkin

D. C. Lewis

Banks Arendell

L. C. Larkin

R, K. Smathers

R. W. Spencer

President - J. R. Chamberlain

C. T. Meacham, Jr.

T. S. Shinn

President - C. H. James
President - Thomas E. Bowman
Secretary - Howard Steiger
Treasurer - Charles Wade

Leader

W. B. Arthur
H. R. Sisson
0. P. Shell

G. M. Ivey

H. L. Blomquist

me.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

(Band-Cont.)

Thomas E, Bowman

Bus. Manager - Charles B, Wade, Jr,
Q^iartermaxter - Jack Butler
LihrariajQ - Rohert Van Voorhis
Manager - E. Troy Ferguson, Jr,

Baptist Students' Union
(1930, Revived-1934)

Charter Members: (1934) Louis B. Jennings, Ivan Frantz, Robert
Kincheloe, Carroll S. Feagins.

Hal C, Stephens Alfred M. Back4r Louis B, Jennings Same

Eohert L. Kincheloe 1/Iary Lou Kincheloe

Hal C. Stephens James Bowen

Ivan D. Frantz Louis B. Jennings Same

A. Morgan Sucker Mary L. Kincheloe

Doke Bar Association
(1931- )

Wm. B. McGuire, Jr, Wm. C. Lassiter

C. S. Iiturphey
Eugene Z. Dubose

Robert C, Finley Mosby G. Perrow, Jr.

Porter B. Peteet
Lawson B. Knott, Jr.

Duncan C. Murchison Julius T. Sanders

a. E. Miller
Caroline Phillips

Horade Bomar, Jr. Leon L. Rice, Jr.

James Haley
Robert S. Gamble

Richard M. Nixon J. Mack Holland, Jr.

Charles H. loxing
Fleming Bomar

Charles H. Young Theron C. Cleveland,

Fleming Bomar
Gibson L. Smith

Fleming Bomar Wm. F. Womble

Elmer Rouzer

Elmer Rouzer Kennedy Harris

"'■■■, Chas. Fischer

Maurice Winger

George Frampton Chas. Fischer

C, H, Richardson
0. C. Carmichael

S. Allen Wilson Ora Lee Smith

James Mullen Leland McKeithan

Horace L. Bomar J. Mack Holland, Jr,

John D. McConnell T, C. Cleveland, J

Frederick Cady

Jr. R. C. Garden Neil G, Daniels

R. Kennedy Harris Woodrow Lipscomb
Bugene Gordon John Corboy

James Doyle

Chas* Canavan

President

7ice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Bassett House
(1931- )

Bertha Eutsler
Au^sta Walker
Mary Parldnirst
Susan McNeill
Martha Bailey
Mary Brent Holland
Dorothy Miller
Martha Down
Willa Hedrick
Elizabeth Gregory

Nancy Leonard

Nelson Powell
Marie Smith
Jean Boyd
Mary Brent Holland
Dorothy Miller
Martha Down

Frances Hedrick Eloise Daugherty
Margaret Grood Amelia Taylor
Emily Smithers

Del Puston
Bill Eorton
Henry Hassell
Herhert Fischer

Bench and Bar
(March 14, 1938-

Henry Hassell
Raymond McDermott
Lura Ahernathy

Jean Metz
Martha Perkins
Ralph House
Chester Blodgett

Eathrine Blakeney

Raymond McDermott
James Latham
Howard Carson

Beta Omega Sigma
(1917 - )

Charter Members: M. A. Braswell, K. M. Brim, S. T. Carson,

Cha.rles Hackney, F. S. Hale, E. S. Hale, S. S. Toms, W. T. T/hitsides.

John H. Brownlee
Gilhert Kieth
Eohert C. Wood
Robert W. Miller
Allen Seeman
Harry W. Kelly
Robert Moyer
William Senhauser
Stewart H. Johnson

Ishan Kimbrell
W. Mason Sheehan
J. Scott Montgomery
Sidney Truesdale
Joseph T, Gardner
Richard Connar
William Griffith
Mac White

Charles Short Gordon Power
George B. Everett Philip Russell
Thomas Power William Smoot
Herbert Hudgins T. Preston Webster
Robert Lohman

Roscoe Brand Frank Ciiapman
James !♦ Wilmott George F. Bigham
William Smith Frank Sellers
Jospph McLaughlin Dan Moseley

Bible Class, Open Forum
(1930- )

Martin Green
Pardue Bunch
Ross Tunnell

John Myers

Lyne Few

SaciB

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Bible Class, Open Forum (Cent.)

Herbert Pohl
Ivan Prantz
Robert Langler
Charles Shannon
Frank Dennis
Leroy Scott
Webb Bo St
Kay Bender
Barney Jones
Marilyn Upp

Tom Cottingham
James W, Brown

Giay Berner

Austin Whitmore Thomas E, Bowman
Robert Stamey Same
Webb Best

G-eorgeCulbreth Same
Bob Price

Wm. McGirt

Bible Class, Women's
(1920-1935)

Biology Club

(1911-1926)

Phi

Sigma after 1926

Bert

Cunningham

C. H.

Satterfield

H. L.

Blomquist

N. F. Wilkerson

H. L.

Blomquist

N. F. Wilkerson

H. L.

Blomqulst

N. F. Wilkerson

H. L.

Blomquist

Fred D. Fanning

N. F.

Wilkerson

J. L. Wierda

Bert

Cunningham

N. F. Wilkerson

Blue Devils
(1931- 1934)

6. W. Nfurphy Same

L. W. Saunders Same

J. T, Barnes Same

J. H, McCracken, Jr. Same

H. W. Primakoff M. Stadium

Allison L. Ormond Ralph Chesson

Evelyn Millner

Leslie S. Thompson R, R, Chesson

Members: Nick Laney, Robert Boyd, Lester R. Brown, Paul V. Harmon, Jr.,
William B. Cough, Robert Thome, Charles A. Higgins, Walton D. Moffitt,
Harry Ingle, Ernest D. Bamham, Pete Laudeman, Larry Turner, Jack
Tannenbaum.

Blue Imp
(Feb. 2, 1934-April 20, 1934)

Editor - J. Stuart Gillespie, Jr.
Jack C, Stamaton

Co-ed Editor - Paula Bassett
Jean Scott
Patricial Seal

Assist. Co-ed Editor - Anne Gwin

Assistant Editors -Bradley Welfare

Che.dv.ick Callahan
Wm. Kothdurft
Oscar Olson
Berkeley Schaub
Floyd Bennett
Lefty Fuller
Wm. W. Hinnant, J
J. Hoffman

Year

President

Vice-President

Sedretary

Treasurer

Blue Imp - Cont.

Business Manager - George Maier, Jr.

Bill Courtney

Business Assts, - R"bt. P. StBwart
Harry Etter
Douglas Ferris
Emily Crum
Marion Moore
Tekla Parker
Gil Mathews
Phil Small

Managing Ed, - Prank Peters

Helen Spangler

Blue Stocking Club
(1932-1935)

Alma P. Foerster

Eliz. A. ChitTOod

Botanical Club

(Dec. 20), 1911-1926)

Jfi.mes J.

Wolfe

James J.

Wolfe

James J.

Wolfe

James J,

Wolfe

James J,

Wolfe

James J.

Wolfe

W. M. Marr

Hli F. Taylor

S. C. Del linger

S. C. Dellinger

G. W. Harley

F. R. Yarbo rough Same

Braxton Craven Education Association

(1926- Became Kappa Delta Pi in May 28, 1927)

John W. Carr, Jr. Edjrthe Walker

Nannie Johnson N. V, Shuford

Brooks Literary Society
(1921-1926)

Blanche Barringer
Edna Beasley
Elodia Yancey
Dixon Barrett
Esther Evans
Frances Ledbetter
Mary Sskridge
Bessie Hooker
Maude Hunter

Eliz. Walker
Laura Winston
Laura Winston
Ethel Merritt
Mamie Johnson
Dorothy Kanoy
Clyde Padgett

Fannie Hathcock

Florence Harris
Sarah Dashiell
Florence Harriss
Mamie Johnson
Mildred Myers
Alene McCall
Blanche H. Clark

Alice Herman

Louise Berry
Dixon Barrett
Iraogene Barrett

Mary Wilkinson

Idalene Gulle^e
Fannie Eathcock
Annie Mc Swain

President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer

Brown House
(1931- )

Ora Lee Smith

Jane Miller

Mary A, Dewey

Jane Haislip

Josephine Burger

Eleanor Huntington Margaret Hopwood Betsy MacLeod

Betsy MacLeod Helen Saleehy Ruth Sinmons

Charlotte Crump Doris McCreedy Louise Walter

Charlotte Crump Eliz. Rich Ethel Lednum

Caldwell County Cluh
(1914-1915)

L J P. Smith R. C. Go forth R. K. Courtney Same

Catholic Students' Union (Newman Club)
(1935-1936)

Virginia Patrick Wm. M. Heffner

Cat's Head Cluh
(1924-1928)

Charter Members: R. P. Harriss, A. A. Wilkinson, Freeman
Twaddell, Ralph Fuller, Jasper Clute, James Parriss, Gay
Allen, Joe Chamberlain

Chanticleer (Pounders: Claude Bennett, W. G.

(1911- ) Sheppard, U. I. White, J. Cannon, Jr.

A.S.Brower, Willis Smith, H.L.Wilson.)

Editor Co^Ed Editor Bus. Manager Co-Ed B-gs. Mgr.

Claude Bennett Alfred Smith Brower

N. I. White J. H. Ross

C. R. Bagley Wm. P. Starnes

Ernest S. Savage Wm. W. Eutton

G. W. H. Britt S. B. White, Jr.

J. H. Burrus R. H. Bennett, Jr.

R. W. Bradshaw Andrew J. Hobbs, Jr.

Wesley Taylor Marion A. Braswell

J. H. Shinn L. McP. Draper

Editor

Co-EdEd.

Bus. Manager Co -Ed Bus, Mgr.

( Chanticl eer-Cont . )

T. R. Waggoner
H. C. Sprinkle
G. V. Allen
W. R, Brown
Cr. P. Harris
J. M. Atkins
J. N. Traesdale
Listen Pope
J. C, Hanes
C. P. Honeycutt

Mary Eskridge
Annie B. Anders
Sara K. Orrnand
Edith Parker
Mary Arden Hauss
Dorothy Jennette
Bliz, Caldwell

S.P, Garner Eliz. Rouse

Edwin C. Kellam Carmen Patterson

J, Gordon Townley Catherine Eleciing

Martin B. Williams Dorothy A. Walton

Wm. E. Woodruff Katherine Goodman

Ernest Craikshank

James B. Lamheth Margery Edwards

Thomas 0. Jones Ruth Kelleher

Hill Hudson Jeannette Bagwell

Wm. OJ Williams (As^is.t

Neil C. Blanton Flewellyn Flowers

John J. McNeilly, Jr.

Henry Brown Jean Lamhdih.

Rht. Llne^erger

S . L . Lane

0. A. Rohinson

J. H. Tyler

E. McL. Thompson Bernice Gause
R. L. Biggerstaff Fannie Hathcock
Alfred H. Young Mattie E, Wilson
C. E. Smathers Ethel Taylor
Vann R. Line^ack Montee Moyle

F. W, Anders Mary Brown

G. C. Hoopy Mary Brown

M. K. Green Eliz. Sellars
Gordon Power Bernice Rose
Claiborne B.Gregory Bernice Rose
K. B. Livengood Dorothy 0, Forbes
Hyatt Mossburg Dallas Knight

A, Read Cone Annadale Graeter

A. B. Rouse, Jr. Betty Bogert

Howard Mason Dorothy Creery

Garfield Miller (Assist.)

Fred L. Onken,Jr. Annajane Boyd

Converse B. Kelley

Robert Long

Chaplains of Future Wars
(1935-1936)

Chapiain- in-Chief: Jack Honeycutt

President

Lizzie Wren
W. C. Strowd
G. D. Harmon

Chatham County Club
(1911-1920)

7. President

E. C. Durham
R, H. Durham
L. B. Durham

Secretary

L. D, Hayman
Mary Bynom
F. J. Bo lings

Treasurer

Same

Lucillg Womble

Same

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Chemists* Cluh
(1913-1926)
Merged into Pegram Chemistry Club, 1927

E. Ray Bond

D. W. Holt

J. W. Harbison

C. L. Dellinger

R. B, Downey

Same

G.H.Satterfield

A. Rosenstein

Same

A, Rosenstein

K. L. Elmore

L. B. Palls

C. P. Ashley

Same

S. C. Markham

Pred Greene

Same

E. M. Thompson

C. D, Cox

Thetus A. Shaw

H. C. Thompson

L. S. Laprade

Chess Club
(1913-1929)
Revived, 1940

Earl P. McPee

Brie B. Craven

Robt. I. Crane

Rowland Widgery

Chi Delta Phi
(1922- )

John Hornaday

Ben Harawitz

Blanche H. Clarke

Leslie Hubbard

Esther Metzenthin

Helen D, Chandler

Esther Btorris

Marjorie Peoples

Same

Helen Jenkins

Inez Pearce

Same

Gladys Shufford

Sara Owenbey

Crockette Williams E. Rodgers

C, Williams

Eleanor Rodgers

Mildred Stites

Myrtice Watd

Betty Knight

Doris Pish

Mildred Taylor

Doris Wells

Doris Fish

Ethel White

Nancy R, Hudson

Bessie Graham

Margaret Taylor
Ethel White
Prances Lindsay

Rubye Pogel

Prances Lindsay

Jean Kern

Pranchelle Smith

Anne Gwin

Mary T. Newsom

Jane Dusenberiy

Betty A. Stowell

June Southworth

Helen B. Smith

Jane Bail

June Southworth

Freda Liverant

Norma L. Goodwin

Katherine Gaither

Beth Shaw

Gladys Williams

Dixie Swaren

B. Porterfield

Nancy Wrenn

7a. Hopper

President

Vice~President

Secretary

Treasurer

Chi Phi
(1871-1879)
Hevived, 1939

Charter memhers (1871): Theodore Winningham, William C. Norman,
William H. Pegram, William L, Terry, Shadrach
Simpson.

Charter memhers (1939): R. D. Tatevasian, Oeriild T. Griffin,

Thomas G-addy, John MacGahan, William Boherts,
John D, Hewlett, Lawrence C. Davis, Harold
Harvey, Frank Tatum, Leon Reisner, Jr., Thomas
Hohhs, Charles F. French, Carl Herdic, Jr.

R. Der Tatevasian Thomas Gaddy
Gerald Griffin John MacGrahan
John MacGrahan R. T, Hohhs

Wm. Roherts
Wm. Roberts
Roht. I, Crane

John Hewlett
John Hewlett
Leon Reisner, Jr,

Chronicle
(1905- )

Editor

Associate Editor Business Manager Co-ed Bus,_Mgr,

Henr^' G. Foard
U. Nathaniel Hoffman
Wade W. Sanders
Edgar W. Knight
E. W. Knight

A. M. Proctor
L. I. Jaffe
J. N. Aiken

C. W. Fulford
W. M, Marr

L. I, Jaffe
R. D. Komer

F. S. Bennett
W. G, Sheppard

K. P. Neal

S. S. Alderman

Wm. J. Justus
Thaddeus G. Stem
Geo. P. Pope
Luther G, White
J. S. Wrenn

P. J, Johnston

P. J. Kitoer

Edwin L. Jones

Sidney S. Alderman
James Cannon, III
Francis B. Brown

Rohert M. Johnston
Banks Arendell

Edwin L. Jones
Allen T. Knott
Rohert T, Lucas
Charles R. Edwards

Chas. R. Edwards
Thomas J. Swain

sd.uor

Assoc. Editor

B^Sjl Manager

Co-ed Bus. Manager

E. W. Kendall

Chronicle-cont

Clarke Alexander
Eugene C. Craft
Claude B. Cooper

C. C. Alexander
Wm. N. Evans, Jr.
Claude H. Moser
Robt. D. Ware
Wm. H. Lander
James B. Secrest
i'ranklin H. Shinn

Co-ed Ed.- Va. GiTDlsons

Paul L, Sample
John C. Boggs

Jesse H. Lannlng
Larry W. Smitla
Eay J, Tysor
B. I. Satterfield
Jesse 0, Sanderson
David Hourse, Jr.
Robert Long

Lucy Taylor
Sally Taylor

G. Wilson Allen
Thos. Wagg, Jr.

H. Lindsay Hester
H. Hajrold Ellison
Homer L, Lippard
Chas. Livengood
Ed. G. Thomas
James L. Stewart
L. H. Edmondson
J. L. Moorhead
Everett G. Ferine
Boderic S. Leland
Geo. Prampton
E. Der Tatevawian
Duncan C. Gray
Robt. Leater»Jr.

Co-ed Editor

Evelyn Miller
Blanche H. Clarke

Helen Chandler
Esther Morris
Esther Morris
Inez Pearce
Gladys Shuford
Rivera Ingle
Annie L. Newsom
Va. Jordan
Mary B, Henderson
Alma ^. Hanson
Betty A, Stowell
Betty J. Marshall
Edwina Sunholm
Dixie Swaren

Lois Jarrett
Leslie Thompson

Harry L, Bivens
Isaac Harris, Jr.
Wm. Rousseau
Joe W, Mann, Jr.
John D, Minter
John D. Minter
Raymond L. Kent
Robt, P. Nixon
Wm. G. Crawfore
Eliz. Akin
E. G. MathewB
Walter James
Travers Brown
Andrew Duck)er,Jr,

Adelaide Royall
Sally Taylor
Nancy Crews

Eliz. Caldwell
Dorothy Jennet te
Margaret Bennett
Eliz. Rouse
Louise Hooker
Frances Tudor
Frances Tudor
Gladys Souder
Eliz. Akin
Helen Cockrell
Betty Souders
Jeanne fJhirphy
Polly Warner
Mary Whyte

President

Tice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Classical Club
(1910- )

Charter members: Warren, Proctor, Bennett, Aiken, Gaston, Hutchins,
Londow.

W. P. Gill
A. M. Gates

A. M. Gates
A. H. Merritt

J. N. Aiken
N. I. White

A. H. Merritt
James Cannon, III

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Classical Club-cont.

w. p.

Gill

C. A. Burras

W. I.

Woo ten

c. w.

Peppier

C. G. Cordle

w. w.

Hut ton

A. M.

Gates

W. B. Cannon

A. E.

Brown

W. P.

Gill

H, C. West

R. E.

Parker

c. w.

Peppier

J, B. Whitener

H. W.

Kendall

A. M.

Gates

H, L. Hoffman

A. C.

Jordan

c. w.

Peppier

R. W. Bradshaw

C. C.

Alexander

A. M.

Gates

IStigene Che s son

A. S.

Barnes, Jr.

c. w.

Peppier

W, U, Vaughan

D. W,

Kanoy

A. M.

Gates

M, R. Chambers

Mike :

Bradshaw

c. w.

Peppier

A. M. Gates

H, C. Sprinkle

J. R.

Maness

A. M.

Gates

C. C. Jernigan

W. F.

Ricks

0. w.

Peppier

S. M. Kale

0. B.

Ader

A. M.

Gates

W. C, Maxwell

Parman McLarty

R. R.

Rosbo rough

James Traesdale

B. B.

Carstarphen

F. P.

Johnson

Arthur Bridgers

Harold Mc Curdy

Heniy

S. Robinson

Frank T. Gerard

Louis

Bl Jennings

James

Trues dale

Sidney Stovall

Kendrick Few

James

Truesdale

Herbert L. Cain

Sidney Stovall

James

Traesdale

Barney L. Jones

Alonzo Kenion

Class of 1923

(1919-1923)

J. B.

Anderson

J, W. Holton

Flora Meredith

D. L.

Suiter

C. E.

Summers

H. C. Sprinkle, Jr.

Hunter Holloway

W. H.

Lander

H. C.

Sprinkle

W. N, Lander

Sara DaShiell

T. G.

Heal

J. L.

Jaclcson

T. G. Neal

Class of 1924
(1920-1924)

Elodia Yancey

L. D.

Moore

Howard P. Powell

W. L. Clegg

M. Ballard

Same

C. H.

King

R. H. Pinnix

Eliz, Newcomb

J. D.

Secrest

E. B.

Fisher

L, E. Spiker

Margaret Frank

C. G.

Knox

C. G.

Knox

C. H. King

Class of 1925
(1921-5925)

Eliz, Aldridge

M. T.

Hipps

E. G.

Overton

J, E. Dempster

Lillian Frost

G. B.

Caldwell

W, Rolf Brown

R. W.

Garrett

Ray Shate

Alice BAiley

J. E.

Dempster

W. S. Barnes

Mary L. Carlton

Same

J. J.

Fariss

W. A. Kale

Mary Eskridge

Same

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

B, A. Carter
W. L, Barnliardt
H. B. Johnson
W, P. Craven
S. L. Cannon

Class of 1926
(1922-1926)

E. H. Harris
J. P. Prank
T. A. Aldridge
W. S. Blake ney
C. B. Caldwell

Eliz, Roberts

Olive Faucet t
Annie B. Anders
Prances Holmes

Same

Same
Same
E. P. McPee

Class of 1927
(1923-1927)

Pred A. Ware S, K. Rice
D.E.Kirkpatrick R. C. Pinley
Clay Bridgers Sam Bandy
Parman G, McLarty W. A. Mabry

Anna M. Suitte
Prances Holmes
Sally Taylor
Eliz. Ramsey

Prances Thompson
A, J. Kirby, Jr.
Rebecca Land

H. L. Lester
James Traesdale
Arthur Harris
J. C. Barwell

Class of 1928
(1924-1928)

A. P. Harris
Edith Parker
Stewart Rogers
R. G. Tattle, Jr,

Edith Parker Same
Dorothy Honey cut t Same
Ellen Huckabee Same
Kathryn Warlick A. Kirkpatrick

R. C. Veach
Sprail Thornton
James Carruthers
Coke Candler

Class of 1929
(1925-1929)

Sam McNinch Eliz. Clifton Eliz. Borland
Eliz. Clifton Wm. Kaleel Geo. Ashford
Vann R. Linebach Jeannings G. King Pajiline Weber
Harry Hollingsworth Robt. Johnson James W. Putrell

Class of 1930
(1926-1930)

Joe Savage Luther Angle
E. Weatherspoon Harry Councilor
Ernest Jenkins John PI Lucas
Thomas S. Steams Bessie Martin

Margaret Bennett
Dorothy Jennet t
Margaret Bennett
Herbert O'Keef

Henry Ruark
Richard Stearns
Alton G. Saddler
Alton G. Saddler

Class of 1931
(1927-1931)

J. Gaither Pratt Wm. Porter Sellers Wm. E. Joyner Jake Parrott

22-a

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Women's Class of 1931
(1927-1931)

Cornelia Yarborough Hettie English Eleanor Peek Frances Hill

James Mullen

Men's Class of 1932
(1928-1932)
Philip Bolich

James Wellons

Women's Class of 1932
(1928-1932)
Louise Moses Margaret Bledsoe Florence MqSS

John Gramhle

Mary J. Tate

Lawson Znott

Men's Class of 1933
(1929-1933)
Jos, Skinner Parker Hamlin

Hobt. S. Voorhees

Women's Class of 1933
(1929-1933)
Dorothy Newsome Nedra Jones Anne Ingles

Martha Vance

Joe Shackford
Carl F, Schock

Men's Class of 1934
(1930-1934)
Nicholas L, Pine
John Peckham

Carl F. Schock
Geo. H. Lamar

Leroy Sides
John Hamrick

Women's Class of 1934
(1930-1934)
Helen Daniel Eloise Ingram Margaret McCoy Mary Jansen
Janet Griffin Annie K. Rebnan Carolyn Mcintosh Catherine Serf as

Don McNeil

Men's Class of 1935
(1931-1935)
R, Ahner Jones Jackson M. Viol

James B. Allardice

Women's Class of 1935
(1931-1935)
Ethel Garrett Tempe Hewsom Dorothy Wjrvell Sally Clark

Ethel Garrett Mary Mei^tlejohn PSiscilla Smith Louise Merkel

Men's Class of 1936
(1932-1936)
Frank J. Sizemore James B. Henry

Joseph S. Hiatt Thos. Murray

Women's Class of 1936
(1932-1936)
Helen Gray Emmie L, Morton Va. Hardin

Ruth Phillips Dorothy Gray Bliz, Sutten

Ruth Phillips
Margaret Waldrop

President Vice-president Secretary Treasurer

Men's Class of 1937
(1933-1937)

Tom F, Southgate

John Timmons Robert Lapham William Wom"ble William C. Jennings
Tom Soiithgate John A.Zneipp Howard Eastwood Helson Jantzen
Richard M. Taliaferro Gerald McMaster Howard Sastwood James Gorringe

Women's Class of 1937
(1933-1937)
Walton Bowen

Katherine Upchurch Constance Wyatt Catherine White Evelyn Taylor
Bess Laing Nancy Peterson Margery White Dorothy Davis
Paula B^ssett Bess Laing Lucy Rausehenherg Margaret Zecher
Be.vs Laing

Gilbert Mathews
Preston Webster
Willard Earngey

Jean Stocker
Margaret White
Margaret White
Jane Love

Men's Class of 1938
(1934-1938)
William Courtney Fred Rebman Preston Webster
James Little Arthur Bradsher Norman Wherrett
Danny Farrar Ray G, Sparks Norman Wherrett

Women's Class of 1938
(1934-1938)
Marjorie Winston Margaret Neel
Genevieve Baggs Betty Stine Joan Bliss
Betty Stine Annie Daniel Patricia White
Margaret White Jean McCaiiley Betty Bogert

Men's Class of 1939
(1935-1939)
Garfield Miller John Parsons Tom P.Senff Howard Mason
Charles Moorhead William Rhodes Charles Finefrock Richard Goode
John Cfee Robert O'Mara John Goehrig Fred Yorke
Richard Ooode Henry MJWilson Walter J.Kerr James R, Kahle

Women's Class of 1939

(1935-1939)
Marie Pedeflous Hazelle Gillin
Katherine Chubb Hazelle Gillin
Betty Shortlidge Hazelle Gillin
Frances Brooks Louise Brugh

Bliz» Shortlidge
Dorothy Creery
Jane Kelley
Betty Erion

Helen Bennett
Caroline Breedlove
Helen Salieby
Dorothy Henry

John Lloyd
Jack Palmer
Sam Williams
Add Penf ield

Men's Class of 1940

(1936-1940)
Jack Palmer Frank Chapman Albert Banks
Guy Berner Al Kley Edward Henderson
Fred MacGlllivray Joseph T, Gardner Maurice linger
Arthur Peabody Rufus T, Brinn Robert W, Stivers

. J.

=■7

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treaforer

Woman's Class of 1940
(1936-1940)

Edna Campbell
Barbara Henry
Macine Neuslml
Barbara Henry

Eleanor Davis
Clairbel Gee
Rosanna Brewer

Peggy A, Eaup
Farrar Baboo ck
Farrar Babcock:
Nancy Broim

Eleanor DaVis
Jo Collins
Nancy Brown
Janet Haas

Men's Class of 1941
(1937-1941)

Donald Mitchell
Robt. P. Moore
John E. Wright
Robt. D. Little

Harold Carswell
Edward M. Brown
Edward Brown
Bob Atwell

Robt. D. Little Brace E. Boorman
Charles Henderson James B&kier
Harold Carswell Howard Carson

Jean Boiighton
Jean Bou£^ton
Thea Congete
Babbette Baker

Women's Class of 1941
(1937-1941)

Thea Conger
Dorothea CoDger
Doris Tritle
Doris Tritle

Rosemaiy Forsythe Doris Tritle
Margaret Bezzenberger S. Southgate
Babbars Fagan Eleanor Southgate
Ivey Courtney Rose Kueffner

H. W. Kendall

Cleveland County Club
(1916-1917)

J. H. Burnxw

D. H, Peeler

Claude &rigg

Women's Class of 1942
(1938- )

Betty L. Qaick
Marion Lassen
Sarah Dabney

7a. Huston
Nancy Leonard
Nancy Leonard

Eliz. Peach
Betty Peach
Betty Peach

Linette Jbnith
Linisette Smith
Sally Osborne

Men's Glass of 1942
(1938- )

Howard Moffett Robert A, Wilson

Howard Moffett Wm. Senhaaser Robt. Puder Robt. McDonough

Lawrence E. Blanchard R, A, Sanderson ^ Clay Rogrbach Robt. McDonough

.31".

If-

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Women's Class of 1943
(1939- )

Kathleen Watkins Nancy Wrenn
Kathleen Watidns Nancy Wrenn

Katherine Danleberger Nannie L. Kern
Pauline Beaver Nannie Lou Kerns

Men's Class of 1943
(1939- )

Irvin Wright Wendell Lockwood Thoharn Synder Dick Ford
Prank I. Wright Richard H. Ibrd J. Kenrpton Jones Same

Women's Class of 1944
(1940- )

Jean Maddox

Antoinette Salley Sara Banting

Mary Banldiardt

Men's Class of 1944
(1940- )

Howard Hardesty Wm. S. Dolt

Eenry Nicholson Eoht. M. Gantt, Jr,

Order of the Coif
(1933- )

1933 Justin Miller

1934 H. Claude Ho rack
1935-

1941 H. Claude Ho rack

Gordon S. Dean Same
Wm. R. Roalfe Same

Wm. B. Roalfe Same

Columhian Literary Society
(1846-1938)

1897 3^D. H. Littlejohn
4jG. H. Humher

1904 3;N,S.0ghurg, Jr.
4) J. A. Morgan

1905 C. R. Pugh
S.B. Underwood

1906 1) L. B. Pendergraph

2) H. S, Spence

3) C. Q. Stewart

4) C. E. Phillips

Wood

Card

R. H. Mann

Oulhreth

J. R. McPhail

Grant

W. A. Bryon

Grant

;dg. Secy:

Grant

L. W. Crawford
D. H. Littlejohn
J. C. Richardson
C. J. Harrell
P. W. Oharr
Alton S. Hohgood R, C. Goldstein

Corr. Secy:

H. B. Howe
P. S. Love
E. B, Hohgood
Edgar Knight and
J.B.Sidhury
4) A. M. Proctor

W. A. Biyan
C. E. Phillips
Pyank Culbreth
L. P. Wilson

R. C. Goldstein
R, C. Goldstein

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

ColumMan Literary Soclety-cont.

1907

Richardson L.

Brothers

Cunningham

Goldstein

Parham

Love

Willi

8 Smith

Patterson

1909

Phillips

Nathan Wright

Londow

Hunter

1911

Cherry

Londow

Davis

Rozelle

Londow

Patterson

Neal

Davis?.?.

Patterson

Rozelle

Same (Nesl)

Davis

Rozelle

Moore

Same

(Neal)

Davis

1912

Alderman

Neal

Stames

Davis

?yrd

Neal

Brown

Edens

Keal

Wynne

Brown

Edens

Stuart

Andrews

Savage

1913

Davis

Stames

Brown

S tames

Dalton

Holt

Dalton

Andrews

Harrell

Andrews

C5ovington

Hawfield

1914

Myers

Barnard

Grigg

Barnard

Brown

H. Britt

Farrar

Cox

Allen

Greene

Gal ledge

Secrest

1915

Grigg

H. Britt

Parmer

Allen

Johnson

Verguson

Johnson

Smith

Pew

Smith

Hoyle

Gwyn

1916

?ew

Parmer

Sample

Eatsaon

Jordan

Lewis

John

Cline

Woolsey

Spivey

1917

Spivey

Sanders

Eohhs

Merritt

Lewis (Miss

) Claude Cooper

Gobhel

Allison

Smith

Allison

Kendall

Sanders

1918

Hohhs

Lanning

West

Smathers

Gijyn

Cooper

McNeely

Saunders

McNeely

Cherry

Brendall.Jr.L.

Saunders

1919

West

R. Norton

Parham

Moser

R. Norton

Carpenter

league

Smith

Harmon

TXM^ •<•* »'*

f »K

President

Vice-President

Secretary4

Treasurer

ColtunMan Literary Society-cont,

J. W. Hathcock
G. D. Harmon
C. Grigg
Hugh Lefler

C. Grigg
C, W. Bandy
Htigh Lefler
C. S. Maky

Leroy Dalln K. L, ELnore
B. I. Satterfield R. H. Haass
E. D. Ware J, B. Tabor

J. L. Jackson
W. Q. Grigg
T, B. Bradley

G. C. Ervin
C. H. King
H. A. Olivdr
J. T. Lannlng

E. B. Uartin

J. P. Boyd

W. A. Kale

S. M. Kale

.W. Q. Grigg

C. 2. Jordan

D. H. Conley

H. A. Oliver
J. D. Secrest
W. S. Smith
F. B. Joyner

J. P. Boyd

L. L. Wall

S. M. Kale

B. S, Ware

L. L. Wall W. S. Blakeney

W. S. Blakeney A* B. Gil^son
A. B. Gilison F. A. Lee

W. A. Mabry

I. G. McLarty

D. D. Holt

P. R, Ervin

W. A. Hart

J. A. Brothers

I. E. Harris

T. 0. Gentry

B. G. Stewart

W. C. Biggs

T. S. Steams

Kelson M. Blake

Herman Walker

E. G. Dawson
E. L. Ervin
W. S. Grant

B. H, Zigler
M. Walters
G. C. lupton

W. 0. Biggs
B. 6. Stewart
S. E. McEachern

T. S. Stearns
Heftnan Walker

Paul D. Ro her son
J, Jenkins

C. E. Backner G. G. Adams
J, L. Jackson Leroy Dalin
B. I. Satterfield Henry Balk

D. W, Kanoy (Miss)

W. Q. Grigg
C, E, Jordan
E. P« Gibson

T. B. Bradley
B. E. Holt
W. Q. Tattle

J, J. Parriss
E. B. Martin
W. S. Blakely
S. M. Kale

W. C. Maxwell

P. A. Lee
G, P. Harris

A. B. Gibson

J, B. McLarty
W, A. Mabry

H. L. Bivens

B. E. Ervin
P. E. Pile

E. E. Partridge

W. q. Grigg

H. A. Oliver
H. A. Oliver
J, J, Parriss

B. B, Martin
J. P. Boyd
J. PILBoyd
B. S. Ware

W, S, Blakeney
P. G. McLarty

W. D. Maultsby
J. G. Wilkinson

W. S. Grant
P. E. Pile

J. A. Brothers W. C. Parsons
H. C. Perrell M. W« Maness
H. P. Strickland

Paul D. Eoberson Arthur Kbffler
John Jenkins Baymond Inndgren

T. 0. Gentry
T, S, Steams
S. W, Reynolds

Herman Walker
Hannis Latham

J. Jeiikins
E, W, Couch

John Poe
Lawson Knott

H. C. Perrell
C. N. Swan

H, A. Lupton

W. C. Haass

L, B. Parabee
S. B. Underwood

John Jenkins
Thomas Carriger

r '

,CitQO-

** f* Tr h *

D .W

President

yice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Colxun'bian Literary Society-cont,

Lawson Knott Thomas Balrd
Alexander McLean Davis Williams

Davis Williams
Dowd Banglex

Hobt, Morris
Wm. Holler

Thomas Rogers
Wm. Holler

Sam Hogol

Charles Short
Therman Troxler

Homer Hilton
Henry Jaegger

Rohert Morris

Pardae Bunch
Andrew Berry

Fred Cady
Robert B. Zay

Fred Cady

James Bistline Robert E. Kay

Bill J. Williams Wm. Simmons

1936 Wm. B. Somerville Chas. B. Wade Denny D. Williams Frank Marlcham
Prgm. Chairman: Charles Sporgeon

1937 James F. McOimsey Jack Eargett Bill Rhodes
Chairman of Program Committee: Dorsey Spargin

3) D. H. Littlejohn L. W, Crawford Wood
») ff. H. Humber D. H. Littlejohn R. H. Mann

1908 l) C, L. Bivens R. C. Goldstein H. R. Hunter

2) A. J, Templeton C. C. Cunningham H, R. Hunter

4) C. C. Cunningham M. A. Briggs L. M. Parker

1910 l) H. R. Hunter

2) H. R. Hunter

3) L. I. Jaffe

4) W. R. Bell

L. I. Jaffe
L. I. Jaffe
W. G. Gaston
H, R. Hunter

W, H. Muse, Jr.
W. H. Mase, Jr,
I. W. Byrd
A. W. :^rd

Jerome E. Rosen

W. W. Card

J, M, Culbreth

B. L. Phillips

E. J. Londow

E. C, Rozelle

E. C. Rozelle

1919 W. N. Evans

1920 J. K. Vise

Cosmopolitan Club
(1919©1934)

L, C. Richmond, Jr. J. L. Jackson
Helen Cantrell Flora Meredith

Same
Same

"D" Club
1924 G. B. Caldwell C. W. Porter

J. P. Frank

Davenport College Club
(1921- )

Imogene Barrett

Margaret Jordan Esther Eads

nc-

i .J>

!• .

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

1935
1936

Mildred Williams Carol Strauss

1937

DeTaaters' Club
(1931- )

Inez Iternetlay Erma Griffith

Mildred Williams Elizabeth Hatcher

Catherine Blakeney Jean Metz

Business Mgrj Parrar Bahcock, Betty Holt

Publicity Mgl:: Catherine Blakeney, Shirley Goldsmith

Betty Jelks Elizabeth Hatcher

Business Mgr: Parrar Babcock

Publicity Mgr: Catherine Blakeney
Catherine Blakeney-Jean Metz

Buxiness Mgr: Betty Holt

Publicity Mgr: Shirley Goldsmith

1938
1939

Jean Metz
Publicity Mgr: Shirley Goldsmith

Jay Metz

Idella Benson

Betty Pierce

Parrar Babcock

Charter members:

Delta Chi
(1938-1939)

Catherine Blakeney, Evelyn Oulp, Lucille King,
Jean Metz, Betty Pierce, Janls Pridgen, Helen
Rohrer, Shirley Smith, Hope Thomas, Heloa Willis.

1938(Sp)Jean Metz Catherine Blakeney Shirley Smith
1938 Catherine Blakeney-Janls Pridgen I '-Shirley Smith

Betty Pierce
Helen Rohrer

Charter members:

Delta Gamma (Replaced Delta Chl-1939)
(1939- )

Alma D. Baskin, Jane Blackburn, Miriam Cole,
Audrey Conrad, Mary Cowles, Kathering Kaither,
Elizabeth Galther, Elizabeth A. Green, Lillian
C. Harvard, Lucile King, Marjorie Kishpaugh,
Barbara Marshall, Jean Metz, Betty Pierce, Helen
Rohrer, Shirley Smith, Margaret Stames, Hope Thomas,
iane Waters, Virginia Wray.

1940

Lillian Harvard Lucile King

Record, Sec- Hilda Petty
Margaret Starnes-Assis, Treas.-

Corres. Sec- Va. Goodbody
Helen Magnuson

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Delta Upsilon
(1931- )

Charter Members: Margaret Bledsoe, Louise Smith, Ihnma Sloop,
Edith Haines, Nedra Jones, Maxy Skinner,
Martha Stringfield, Ola Belle Whitehead,
Frances Tudor, Mary Winget.

Margaret Bledsoe
Sarah Fulton
Dot Warren

Mary McCollum
Gladys Souder

Frances Tudor Louise Smith
Ola Belle Whitelead Mary &. Ininget

Huth Bailey
Florence Geise
Isohel Shrine r
Barbara Rifth

Louise Carter

Mary Skinner
Caroline Hietle
Isohel Shriner

Marie Anderson Barbara Hich

Nellie A. Opper Huth K. Haddon

K. Maedee Brown Betty Tow

Margaret Moore Helen Lieb
Rcdg. Sec- Marg, Moore

Gene M. Laney
Gorr, Sect

Isobel Shriner
Hcdg. Sect Marg. Zecher

Charlotte Siehler
Corr, SecT

Nellie A. Opper
Corr, Sec- S, Ann Watson

Mary B, Caton
Rcdg. Sec-

Isobelle Sultner

Betty Yow
Lois Donehoo

Flewellyn Flowers
Helen Driscoll

Rcdg, Sec-
Joan Leivis

Cor. Sec-
Dorothy King

Cor. Secy.-
Peggy Young

Betty Tucker

Janet Rawdon
Assis.-

Jean Weyman

Betty Shryock

Delta Spsilon Sigma
(1931- )

Charter members: R. B. Atkins, R. T. Creekmore, A. L. deBruyne
Lee Coulter, S. G, Flock, S. R. Smith, W. B.
Snow, W. F. Weaver; K. T. Mathews, advisor.

Stanley G. Flack Wm. F. Weaver
R. S. Miller J. R. Malone

Anton L. deBruyne Same
Corr. Secy-

W. Brewster Show
G. B. Cropper Same
Corr. Secy-
W. Karpinslcy
Don W. Mitchell Joseph B. Maxson Hal W. Atkinson Same

Corr. Secy-
John M. Bird

..^oJ-

» ■

1^0 II

« •

President Ylee-Presidant Secretary
Delta Epsilon Sigma-Cont.

C. E. Scott

Jack Wauters

Irving W. Bearse Wm. W, Tamer

Fred, H, Jackson Stanley P. Boyce
George T. Byniam Wm. Griffiths , Jr,
Milton P. Oviatt Robt. L. James
John D. MacLauchlan-
Hoht. E. Perinovich Carl Laappe

Treasurer

Same

Roy Crone 4
Corr. Secy-

W. Armstrong
Hcdg Secy- E. Robt. Scattergood

E. Robert Scattergood
Corr Secy-

Chas. P. Ballenger, Jrl
Francis Pettengill-Robt. E. Buck
Richard C. Zeane Same
G. Pred. Kreiser W. M. Cramer

Wm. D. Drew

Delta Phi Alpha
(1931- ;

C. Raymond Lundgren

James L, Newsom Martin B, Williams Lenora Snyder

Walter West

Helmath

Lenora Snyder

Hilda Spence

Hambleton Slingluff K. White
Geo. Snyder James littler
Henry Bolte John Weber
Buck Koenig Hugh Myers

Historian — Rath Keppee
Dorothea Conger Frances Crawford

Wm. Mosenson
Helimxth Bode

Recg Secy-
Sara Berenson

Corr Secy-
Phil W, Casper

Recdg Secy- Geo. P. Snyder
Herb. J, Upcharch

Corr Secy-

Katherine White

Camilla Ritchie

Helen Parks
Edwina Sondholm

Edwina Sondholm

Haddon Smith
Bobt. Scanlon
Irving Samuels

Cynthia Bennett Same

Delta Phi Rho Alpha
(1921- )

Hunter Holloway
Delta

Sarah Dashiell
Margaret Frank
Maude Hunter

Carolyn Avera

Phi

Laura Winston
Dorothy Kanoy
Luch Glasson

Herminia Haynes
Bho

Blanche Johnson
Nancy Kirkman
Alene McCall

Thelma Howell
Alpha

Katherine Cox
Ida Greene
Idalene Gulledge

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurey

Delta Pbl Hbo Alpha-Co nt.

1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

Janet Griffin

Ma^ C. Seed
Ethel Weyant

Dorothy Newsome

Eloise Ingram

June Bailey

Margery White

Katharine Updmrch Joan Bliss

Mary Binder Doris Larsen

Dorothy Wilklns Hilllard Hardin

Nancy Haper Dorothy WAlcott

Marjorie LaMont Dorothy Wolcott

Eloise Ingrain Betty Boesch

Ethel Garrett Mary A. Dewey
Margaret Cuninggim Dorothy Gray

Marg. Cuninggim Barbara Hlch
Carol Wiricinson

Ruth Haskell Cath, DeHuff

Nancy Brown Grace Stamets

Marjorie LaMont Doris Colsh

Betty Ware Mattha Phillips

Delta Psi
(Pounded- Peh.1929
Succeeded by Sigma ICappa
Jan, 4, 1931)

Charter members:

Sara Ownbey, Prances Sowe, Flora Crews Best,
Angela Whitney, Ida P. Eatman.

Delta Sigma Phi (Alpha Epsilon)
(Jan. 24. 1920- )

Charter members:

Hilllard Chreitzberg Polsom, John W, S. Norton,
Lloyd B. Harthaway, Wm. P. Murphy, Jr.. Oscar
L. Richardson, Alexander B, Wilklns, Charles P.
Woodard, La Roy Riddick, Richard E. Thigpen.

1934
1935

1936

1937
1938
1939
1940

James Rankin J. P. Bostook
Theo. Stritzinger Travis Smithdeal
Historian — Charles, f . Ackley
Kenneth M. Boyle James N. Gorringe

Pred P. Smith
Wm. Irwin-
Nerrin Stetler
Albert R. Hutson

Wm. M. Courtney
Nelson Gibson
Robt. C. Heller
Edward M. Brown

Robt. C. Powell
Wm. f . Turner

Secy & Hist.-

Wm. N, Horsley
J. Nelson Gibson
Wm. Bender, III
Albert R. Hutson
Wm. S. Lone

Theo. Stritzinger
Janes N. Gorringe

Willard M. Gillies

James K. West
Elliott Howe
Bernard L. Ellas
Stephen R. Lawrence

Delta Tau Delta (Delta Kappa)
(Dec. 7, 1928- )

Charter Members:

Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr., Jaie H. Exam, Paul D,
Veasey, Louis A, States, Worth A. Lutz, John L,
Woodard, Chas. LaPair, Nelson McGary. Alton G.
Sadler, Everett B. Weatherspoon, J. Pred Evans,
Geo. B. King, Theron A. Bone. W, Tate Whitman,
Joseph W, Mann, P. Jack Martin, Irvin Morgan, Geo. B.
Nash, Horace L. Wise, Robt. M. Russell.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurey

Delta Tsa Delta-Cont.
PaTil D. Veasey Chas, Pair

J. Fred Evans
John I. Morgan

Nicholas Orem

E. Howard Lackay

uOi^

Bobt. H. Pate

▲Iton'G* Sadler

Jos. W, Mann
Nicholas Orem

H« Howard Lackay

Chas. R. Humphreys Thorn. H. Jos ten

Martin B. Williams (Sias. H. Walsh
Geo. B. Sveritt Wm. K. Brumbach

Corr Secy-

Geo. King

Hcdg Secy-
Wm. T. Whitman

John 2). Morgan

Corr Secy-
Roht. H. Pate

Corr Secy-
Ben. P. Martin

Corr Secy-
Wm. D. Tuckwiller

Hcdg Secy-
Hugh B. Stevens

Corr. Secy- Martin B. Willians
James 01 Otis

Hcdg. Secy-
Pred G. Smith

Nash Herudon Wm. Brumbach

Jos. R. Mackie

Andrew H. Masset Thos* G. Coen

Hervey S. Moore Wm. P. Hanig

Hervey S. Moore Thos. C. Morrow
Chas. P. Saribom Gerald N. Smith

Corr, Secy- A, I^rman Wright
Holmes E. Newton Geo. B, Appleford
Rcdg Secy-
Robt. R. Goodwin
C. Chadwici Ballard Corr Secy- Geo. B. Appleford

Holmes S. Newton
Rcdg Secy-
lobt. L. Steenrod
Corr. Secyi9 Harold A, Sykes, Jrl

Clayton C. Carter
Rcd€ Secy-
Wilbur H. Crannell
Rec. Secy- In. 0. Williams

Russell A. Gair
Cor. Secy-
Clayton C. '^arter
David M. Jamison Robt, Neuburger
Donald R. Brown Judson L. Owen, Jr.

Deutscher Verein
(Oct. 22,1909- )

Prof. W. H. Wannamaker A. L. NcCobb Lotiis I. Jaffe
W. H. Wannamaker A. L. McCobb

Distaff, The
(1931-1934)

Editor- Mary Bradsher

Bus. Mgr.- Martha Single tary

Editor-Mildred Stites

•rhr m^wf^-

President

Vice-President

Secretary

freasarer

Distaff, The-C!ont,

1932-c Bas. Mgr,- Catherine Serf as
Assoc. 2d.- Laura WMte

1933 Editor- Betty Inight

Bus. Mgr.- Catherine Serf as

Daka Ambassadors, Joe Burke & His

Members :

First saxophone

^cond saxophone

!niird saxophone

First tranipet

Second trumpet

Trombone

Piano

Guitar

Drums

Bass Viol

Joseph ?• Burke
Wm. M. Courtney
Smmet Atkins
Oscar &. Stallings
Sdgar L. Clayton
Ben Herring
Arthur Dowling
Vincent P, Hippolitus
Jack C. StamatoB
Wm. S. Robinson

Duke 'II* Duchess
(March 19. 1934- )

First officers:

Ed-in-chief
Associate
Associate
Associate
Art Editor
Sports Editor
Bus. Mgr.
Co-ed Ed.
Co-ed B.M.
Circulation
Circulation

Editor
Bus. Mgr.
Adv. Mgr.

Berkley Schaub
Bradley Welfare
Wade Marr, Jr.
DoTaglas Corriher
Wm. Nothdurft
"Lefty" Fuller
Ben Housh
Paula Basset t
Emily Crum
Geo . Salmon
Douglas Ferris

Billiard A. Schendorf
Boosevelt Der Tatevasian
T. Reid Holmes

flOl

^ f r '

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasarer

Ed. -in-chief
Bus. Mgr.

Editor
Bus« Mgr.
Associate Ed.
Associate Ed.
Co-ed Ed.

Duke 'N' Dochess-Cont,

Hilliard A. Schendorf
Roosevelt Der Tatevasian

Hilliard Schendorf
Hdid Holmes
Add Penfield
Ed Bonce
Maxine Chambers

Editor
Assoc. Ed.
Bas. Mgr.
Assoc. Bus. M.
Co-ed Bus. Mgr.

Editor
Bus. Mgr.
Assis. Bus. Mgr.
Co-ed Bus. Mgr.
Co-ed Ad. Mgr.
Advisers

Maxine Chambers
Ed Bujace

Robert C. Rice, Jr.
Theodore Robinson
Ann King

Edward Bunce
Robert B. Pike
Sandy A. Johnson
Barbara Williams
JlmnQr Southgate
Mr. Hendrickson

Duke Players
(1931- )

Raymond C. Carter Mary J. Tate Wm. L, Gatling
Bus. Manager- Win. L. Gatling, Clarence P. Woodroe

Prank Car den
Bus. Manager-

J. B. Clark
n. Wyman

Editha Horton

Geo. Pearson

C. Turner Poster

Bus. Manager- Pred P. Ha^ue

Calhoun Ancrum

Bus. Manager- Pred P. Hague

Margaret Pranck

Chas. M. McCalllster D. C. McMartin Rcg.-

Bus. Manager- Chas. M. McCallister Katherine Tritle

Corr.-

Isobel Shriner

Jim V. Rose W. Emory Plaster Rcdg.-

Bus. Manager- Sam H. Reed Nellie Anna Opper

Co-ed Bus. Mgr.- Marie Anderson Corr.-
Historian- Ada Whitmore Mary Tobin

jia.

'i. uc V "J ^ii J i% o i J

President

Vice^'Presldent

Secretary

Treaggrer

Dolce Players-Cont.

Jim V. Hose Carl Lata
Bus. Mgr.- Bill Pranck, Jr.
Co-ed Bus. Mgr,- Jeanne McDonald

Jolrn D. Bolton John W. Oamsby
Bus. Mgr.- Qustav Forssell
Co-ed Bus. Mgr.- Va. Campbell

Margaret E. Barnes Henry Wentz

Corr.-

Charlotte Miller
Rcdg.-

Cameron Fornese

Rcdg.-

Susan L. Phillips
Corr.-

Mildred Morehead

Marion H. DaVis Frank. H. Johnson

Duplin County CMb

A. W. Byrd

H, B. Newbuiy

G. W. Murphy

J. M. Jerome

G. W. Murphy

J, D, Jerome

Imogen Hix

W. R. Hanchey

Durham High School Clul

(1912 ?)

Gordon Carver

Robt. Murray

Susie Marldaam

Prank Sasser

T. B. Roberts

J. J. Thaxton

Carson West

Same

W. C. Stroud

I. E. Allen

H. C. West

Same

A. L. Carver

L. W, Saunders

Anita Harper

Same

J, G. Ley bum

Vera Carr

L, W. Saunders

Helen I^con

S. M. Holton

J. S. Burch

Eva Rosenstein

Same

W. A. Tyree

Prank Warner

Pattie Knight

I^'da Bishop

Eattie Hemdon

Jackson Boling

Edith Rigebee

Prank Warner

LinwDod B. Hollowell Alford Holton

Mary Scanlon

Same

Allen Murdock

Wm. Cranford

BKD-1
(1914-1937)

Ruth Bright

Same.

Bessie Thompson

Louise Parker

Same

Helen Taylor

Mildred Murnick

Mildred Holton

Evelyn Hancock

Bessie Copeland

Clarice Bowman

Merle Higgins

Paye Mulholland

Eli 2. R. ClsTkB

Gladys Shixford

Sane

Ifyrtice Ward

Ro sane lie Cash

SI ma, Black

Carolyn Phillips

Same

Mary Alice Rhodes

Marion Roe

Same

Ruth Michler

Marie Anderson

Same

Jane East

Margaret Adams

Same

•ii^i.' £.

• stnvjC-af&^cI*!

V.*'

?:0'-i.,-S; .2

■t-».'

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Engineers' Club
(Nov. 10, 1913- )

Charter members :

Seniors- J. H. Armfield, George B. Cropper,

J, R. Malone, George D, McCrey, Eotert S. Miller

Erie B, Everman.

Juniors- Arthur Batson, John Bird, Randolph Clarice,

Fred Neu, David Drummond.

Sophomores- Gerald Ferguson, Arthur Wigley.

F. W. Elliott

J. J. Thaxton

W. E. Hanchey

W. H. Holcomh

David Drummond

Edward Storms

Joseph A. Trainor Roht. D. Martin Chas. P. Ballenger F. W. Pettingill

Robt. H, Daugherty Harvey T. Jenkinson Rbt. D, Martin Chester L. Lucas

E. P. Lore

C. L. Dellinger

F. L» Scarboro
L. H. Barber
Ralph Glvens

W. D. Hyland
R. W. Tilley
W. H, Holcomb
Wayne Burch
Edward Stcims

Same

Same,

Same

Richard Keane
Chas. W. Ramsey
Ward D. Abbott
Bob Perinovlch

Milton Oviatt
Everett Carter
Chas. Holley
Wm. R. Griffith

Geo. T. ^num
Milton P. Oviatt
Geo. f. Varga
Dale.C. Myers

John R, Greg son
John MacLauchlan
Bob Perinovich
Daniel Morris Brandon

Episcopal Vestzy

Ellen Fsrnum Jack Ross
Gordon Belding Dave Bew

Ruth Schoenberger Gordon Fischer

Ero Mathian Society
(1900 - )

Ethel M. Lewis

Ex-Service Men's Club
(1920- )

E. L. Stamey

C. H. Brown

G. D. Harmon

Explorers' Club
(1930- )

Charter Members: Miss Alice Baldlrin, Miss Anne Gardiner, Mr. and Mrs.

Justin Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Seraian and students.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Bxp^orere' Clu"b-Cont,

1930 Executive Secretary — Mr. Ernest Seeman

1933 Mr. Walter Cutter

1934 Mr. Burke Smith

1940 Committee:

Dean Baldivin
Dr. Cunningham
Dr. Perlzweie
Miss Mary L. Dowling
Miss Gardiner
Marian Plhl
Betsy Morrison
Gilhert Larson
Enrin Larson
Henry Workman

L. W. Garnett

Ploridian Club
(1925- )

M. R. Jarvis

J. Al Norris

Same

J. W. Hathcock
L. V. Harris
D. S. Johnson

Folklore Society
(1920- )

R. D. fare
W. J. Bundy
D. L. fouts

Blanche Barringer T. R. Waggoner

Blanche Barringer

Sara Dashill W. L. Clegg

Porsythe County Club
(1924- )

A. C. Waggoner C. H. Pegram

Prances Holmes

Same

Louise Parker
Reba Cousins
Prances Ho ire
Alice Batten
Lucille Gainey

Forum Club
(1927- )

Lucy Burt
Va. Colvard
Florence Moss

Anite Scarboro Same
Vidlette Judd Same
Argyle Glenn Same

Geraldine Fletcher Dorothy Forbes Same

Presldenip

71 ce-Pre aidant

Secretary

Treasurer

Slgrid Pederson
Mar7 A. Rhodes
Dorothy Miller
Carolyn Wlchum

IV) rum Club-Cont,

Doris Welles
Prances Childs
Margaret Mallony

Dorothy Tbrhes Same

Eliz, Friemel Same

Hath Kelleher Same

Mary Osborse Same

Chairman-
Betty Bell

Chairman-
Josephine Bailey

Forom Committee

Priscilla Alden
Advisers-
Dean Alice M. Baldwin
Mrs. Mary H. Vance

Sliz. Lewis

Fraternity Pan-Hellenic Council

Chm.-

Prof. Wannamaker
Prof. Wannamaker
Prof. Wannamaker
Dr. Wannamaker
Dr. Wannamaker

Pres.-
H. C, Finley
James M. Alhergotti
Dayton H. Dean
Bryan Grrimes
James Wellons
Sam Pretwell
Jake W. Sullivan
Bobt. M. Keown
Jimmy McCall

John A. Kneipp
Donald Sheehan
Braxton Craven
Art Peahody
Penrose Dgvis

Lawson Reams
Roht. H. Ricks
Prank Bamett
J. Gordon Towiiley
Ernest Polack
Alan C. Puryear

Chas. Gill
Fred Rehman
Roht. Van Voorhis
Geo. H. Dor say
Roht. Miles

£. L. Stamey

0. L. Richardson

W. A. Kale

W. M. Nicholson Same

R. C. Finley Same

C. E. Sma there
John L, Burke
0. C. Godfrey
Seymour Jones
J. Meredith Moore
John Land
Geo. Speicher
W. D. Rouse
Irving 0. Dein

Same

Otis Greene

John Long

James A. Mustard

Thos. W. Smith

Edwin B. Ahhott

Ahe A. Alterman Roht. F. Hall

Russell Cooke, Jr,
David Shapiro James McGimsey
Fred MacGillivray Nevin Stetler
Robt. McCloud Richard A. Keeler

French Club
(1920-1937)
Succeeded 1937-38 by Tan
Psit Omega

lynn Pew
Priscilla Alden
Priscilla Alden

Jane Winters
Jane Withers

Kathryn Montague
Gene Wann

U&ry Moore
Stuart Leland

-^t;/? 1rr;Yir

S,"ij'-ij

Lt... '.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Freshman Commission, YWCA
(1934- )

Betty Akin, Parrar Babcock, Edna Campbell, Sue Balton,
Claribel Gee, Betty Gerow, Janet Haas, Barbara Henry, Dorothy
Long, Maude Tilley, Adele Lavington, Peggy Ann Raup, Ann
Rauschenberg, Anne Seawell, Sally Scott, Lillian Sacrest,
Evelyn Van Sciver,

Gladys Williams Jo Broira Marilyn Upp Same
Karleen Cooper Jane Hicks Sheena Webster Same

Freshman Friendship Council, YMCA

Martin Green

Don F. Marion

Wm. Brumbach

W. Thos, Cottingham Richard Out chin

Wm. P. Farthing, Jr. Geo. T. Harrell

Rawlins Coffman Curtis T. Spence R. W. Smith

Thomas E. BoTrman
Herrej S.Moore

Tfea, H. Fickes

Matt Murfree

Guy Berner

Bu4 Willmott

Art Hoffman

Richard Huntington Frankly n Johnson

Jim Robertson Bill Browning

Herbert J, TJpchurch Same
Chas. G. Kraemer
Theo. Foote
Robt. P. Jones

Zempton Jones Same
Richard Long Same

Gamma Eta Gamma
(1929-.19 i

W. I. Gatllng

Smmett Connor
H. I. McDougle

Paul Ervin

Same

Gaston County Club
(Nov. 1920- )

C. C. Cornwall
L. S, Jarrett
J. M. Atkins

C. H. Moser
Edith Parker

J, M. Atkins
Geo. Elmore

A. J. Kirby
Fred Anders

German Club
(1929A1935)
(Reorganized in 1935)

Helrauth Bode

Wm. H, Hothdurft Carolyn Groves

Ton. TJ. Zaott

Jos. W. Scott

Catherine Raine

$ . <

it.*»'

tI no.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasorey

Giles House
(1932- )

Martha Vance
Hanes Clement
Kathlyn Baice
Claiy Peoples

Soc. Ctaffl.- Eleanor Steyen6on

Va. Grow

Soc* Chm.- Kay Tritle

Dorothy Butt
Dorothy Batt
Florence Cox
Margaret Courtney

Rachel Sink

Va. Newcomh

Jane Winters
Priscilla Alden
Kancy Raper
Cynthia Bennett

Parrar Bahcock
Parrar Babcock
Camille Izlar
Mary L, Rei chert

Glee Cluh & Orchestra Association
(Dec. 16, 1905- )

Charter memhere: Director Kimbrough Jones of orchestra, Gilmer
Korner, D. M. Albright, T. M. Stokes, C. J,
Earrill, B. W. Hawks, B, 1. Seeman, W, M. Crook,
W. M. Wells, A. B. Stainback, T. R, Stockard,
Cecil Arthur, J. R. McPhail, Jr., Nan Goodson;
director of glee chib. Prof, W, H. Overton.

W. M, Crook H, B. Spence
Mgr.- B. R. Pugh
AssH. Mgr.- Z. A. Rochelle

W. M. Wells P. Wyche

Mgr.- J, R. McPhail, Jr.
Ass't.- Mgr.- Gilmer Korner, Jr.
Director- A. A. Wilson, Glee Club

J. R. McPhail, Jr. Same

L. J. Carter

W. G. Matton

J, B. Brinn

Same

J. B. Courtney Same

Manager

W, G. Sheppard
P. S. Bennett
D. R. ElrloDan
P. R. Richardson

Glee Club, Men's
(1890 & 1910)

Asst. Manager

P. S. Bennett
S. S. Alderman
L. B, Hurley

Director

W. H. Overton

'^H •,-^:

>J-1-

. loTt*» .

Y,e.ti: rs ^:

President

Vice-President

Secretary.

Treasurer

Glee Club, Mvn's-cont.

Manager- L. C. Larkin
Asst. Mgr.- R. W. Giles

E. W. Spencer

Bas. Mgr.- A. L. Ormond, Jr.

C. Turner Pester
Joe llackie Gayle Herman
Bus. Mgr.- John D. Klock

Prank Dennis Wm. Sommerville
Walt Ma8on,Jr. Speed Veal
Bus. Mgr.- Henry Sink

C. Speed Veal John R, Lyle
Bus. Mgr.- Bruce Boorman

Golson Hawkins Billy J. Page
Bus. Mgr.- Bruce Boorman

Phil W. Casper Same
Wm. Somerville Same

Henry Sink 5 SamS
Paul Sommers Same

Witliy K. Maddern Same
Walter Gyyer Same

Glee Cluh, Woman's College
(1919- )

Mary K. Sllison Ida Greene
Bus. Mgr.- Nancy Klrkman

Charlotte Pittman Prances Holmes
Carolyn Shooter Alice Herman
Mgr.- Sllen Huckahee

Mary Kestler

Bus. Mgr,- Lalia Huhhard

Edna Widenhcruse

Bus. Mgr.- Dorothy Shallert

Annie L. Caldwell

Bus. Mgr.- Hazel Johnson

Evelyn Hancock

Bus. Mgr.- Erma Williams

Clarice Bowman

Bus. Mgr.- ^eggy Harrell

Margaret Harrell

Bus. Mgr. Dorothy Newsome

Clara Beckton

Evelyn Millner
DeV. Pisher

Same

Same
Same

Same

Sliz. Ramsey
Annie L. Caldwell Same
Evelyn Hancock Same
Mildred Marrell Same
Mildred Murrell Same

Eliz. Clarke

Laura Seely

. tnon--

■? r^ •- ^ - . . ,

'fr.:

'^"- -.1?

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasarer

Glee Club, Woman's College
(cont.)

Dorothy Newsome Lucy Harris
Asst. Dir.- Dorothy Newsome
Bus. Mgr.- Tempe Newsome

Janet Griffin

Bas, Mgr.- Susan Singleton

Fannie d*Keef

Kelson Ponrell

Janet Griffin

Dorothy Kirkman

Susan Singleton Ermengarde Wegener Ida S. Applewhite Margaret Smith
Bus. Mgr.- Constance Blackwood

Ida S. Applewhite Ruth Patterson
Bis. Mgr.- Hath Patterson

Mary L. Kincheloe
Dorothy Phillips Va. Grainger
Maiy E. Krummel Frances Ruark
Betty Ware

Bus. Mgr.- Mar^orie Krummel

Lee Hill Marjorie Krummel
Bus, Mgr. Nancy Carver

Margaret W. Taylor Chatherine Hankln

Prances Salmon
Aim Hughes
Doris Hartman
Lee Hill

Peggy Walls

Dorothy Phillips
Mary E, Krummel
Trinidad Sarmlento
Kay Binder

Mary J* Edwards

Goblins
(1928- )
Succeeded l:^ Sigma ^

Charter members: Phil H. Crawford, Jr., J. Wm. Braswell,
Harry P. Taylor.

J. G. Ley burn

Golf Club
(1919- )

Dorothy Dotger D. W. Kanoy

Graduate Club
Pounded: Oct. 1925
Expired: 1935-36
Eevited: 1937-38

Ivey Allen, Jr.

R. 0. RiTera

i»

43 -a

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

R. A. Parhaxn
S. B. H§rdee

Granville County Club
(1913« )

Eliz. Ployd

S. B. Hardee
Laura Winston

Same

B, F, Cozart

Greater Duke Club
Pounded: 1924
Became part of Student Gov't 1927

J. E. Dempster Frank M. Warner

G. B. Caldwell

•• L, Cannon

We S. Barnes Same
Corr. Secy-
E, B. Pisher

W. S. Blakeney Same
Corr. Secy-
M. I. Pickens

Greater Trinity Club
(1910-1924)
Became Greater Duke Club, 1924

W. B. Weat

H. G. Hedrick

Walter G, Sheppard

Hubert McH. Batcliffe

Bryant W. Huark

Hiram E« SJyers

Robert M. Johnston

James R. Smltb

Q^mas TS, Lee

Marion A. Braswell

Joseph W. Hathcock H, P. Cole

Herbert J. Herring W. J. Bundy

T. P. Neal

L. E. Spikes

C. E. Jordan

C. G, Knox

Corr. Secy-
W. G. Matton

Rcdg Secy-
P. S. Bennett

Rec. Secy-

J. D. Lewis
Corr. Secy-

W. B. Bolich

H. S. Pisher
Rec. Secy-

T. R. Waggoner
Corr. Secy-

R. B. Thigpen

Rec. Secy-
Henry Belk

Corr. Secy-
R. E. Thigpen

Rec. Secy-
G. V. Allen

Corr. Secy-
H, C, Sprinkle, Jr.

■■•^i..

pr-:.-

v-aoi

President

Vice-President

Secretary.

Treasurer

Guilford County Club
(1909- )

Charter members:

M. A. Smith, S. S. Alderman, Sam Turrentine,
N. J. miite, W. W. Burgees, W. G. Matton, W. D.
Maddox, D. R. Kirkman, Leonidas Herbin.

oni

das Herbin

Corr.-

W. G. Matton

Maddox

D. B. Kirlonan

W. A. Sherrod

Same

Alderman

H. A. Maddox

D. E. Kirkman

H. L.

Sherrod

Holt

H. L. Sherrod

H. A. Stamey

Same

Matton

T. B. Downey

R. A, Stamey

Same

Peterson

J. W. Toung

Hades Club
(1918-1926)

Montrose Ballard

Same

Abbreviations:

H.S.M. — His Satanic Majesty

P. P. C- Pitchfork Custodian

B, D, ~ Brimstone Dispenser

R. C. — Rattler of the Chains

M. P. — Master Pirebuilder

P.R.H.R.- Feminine Representative in the Hot Regions,

H.S.M,

Bobbie Bradshaw

P.P.C.

Henry Pisbher

B. D.

Claude Moser

R. C.

Wesley Taylor

M, P.

Bill Tome

P.H.H.R.

Sal Tattle

H.S.M.

Wesley Taylor

P.P.C.

Iknma Davis

B. D.

H. R. Geddie

R. C,

M. D. Hix

M. P.

R. M. Price

P.R.H.R.

Marie Davis

H.S.M.

W, T, Towe

P.P.C.

R. K. Parrington

B. D.

L. L. Rose

R. C.

C. H. Moser

M. P.

H. R. Geddie

P.n«S.A«

Lelia Homble

:.' nl -n

10.

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Hades Club-cont.

1922

H. S. M.

C. H. Smith

P. P. C,

W. W. TorrBHtlne

B. D.

Mike Bradshaw. Jr.

C. R.

"Ethel Merritt

M. P.

C. E. Jordan

f •H*H«H«

Marie Davis

1923

H.S.M.

B. B. Pisher

B. D.

Stacey Weaver

C. H.

Prances Thompson

M. P,

C. R. Rowland

£ • ci«H %&»

Margaret Pranck

1925

H.S.M,

R. L. Jerome

B. D.

W. C. Huckabee

C. R.

Alice Herman

M. P.

Paal R. Ervin

ic .n.H.R.

Prances Holmes

Harnett County Club
(1925- )

1925

0. E. Dow*

1926

Palton A, Lee

Grayson Biggs

Same

R. L. McDonald

Hesperian Literary Society
(1851-1931)

1888 G. T. Adams E. L. Moffitt

1893 R. G. Tut tie W. P. Gill

Critios- 0. P. Ader

J. S. May tubby H, B. Craven

P. A, Linney A, S. Webb
S. E, Mercer C. R. Clegg
J. P. Gibbons R. T. Poole

Critic- J. P. Breedlove
-1897 J. T. Henry E. C. Ivey

Critic- W. H. Anderson

1904 3) 5 R. Pranklin J. A. Long, Jr,
4) L. T. Singleton H, G. Poard
Critic- 8) A. G, Moore
4) Hoy Taylor

J. S. May tubby

S. 0. Thome

J, M. Plowers

W. H, Anderson
C. T. Stephens

Horace Plowers

J. P. Lucas
P. R. Wrenn

W. H. Adams

J, H. Barnhardt

Z. B. Barnhardt
Z. E. Barnhardt

.>'iic;-v's

<^a'^c

in c

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Trea Barer

Hesperian Literary Soci*ty-cont,

1905

Bamhardt

Justus

Holland Holton

Cole

4) Hoy Taylor

Lambeth

Holland Holton

Cole

1906

Jerome

Holland Holton

Carter

Bamhardt

Kelly

Lance

Hays

Bamhardt

Holland Holton

Cole

Stanbury

Brown

Cole

Nathan

MgRae

Brown

1907

Ho r ton

Wisshory

Blanchard

Pinch

UcHae

Stanbury

Kiker

Pinch

Srant

Blanchard

litaer

Brown

Bamhardt

McRae

Kiker

1908

Doss

Pinch

Ivery

Kiker

2)
3)
4)

Blanclaard

Poushee

Hedrick

Kiker

Pinch

Kiker

Johnson

Marr

1909

West

Warren

Brinn

Marr

Warren

Somtt

Mat ton

Kiker

Crook

Macintosh

Bennett

Brinn

1910

Brinn

Pi she r

Q:ainton Holton

Kirkman

Brlnn

Pisher

Qainton Holton

Kirkman

Cheek

C. (

Fisher

Towe

Cade

1911

Sheppard

Aikan

James

Cannon

Aiken

Scott

Cade

James

Cannon, J

Scott

Eller

Ruark &

Roark

Eller

Benne tt

Claude Bemi^t

Pace

4)D.

Kirlanan

1912

Cade

Ratcliff

Marr

Dardee

Lee

Hill

Q^inton Holton

Hat ley

Lucas

Siler

Eatcliff

Warlick

Levis

1913

James

Cannon

Byron

Conley

Broim

Hill

Ruark

Lowe

Buark

Barhour

Carr

1914

Carr

Taylor

North

Woo ten

Go forth

Biinn

Go forth

Morgan

Coiincil

Taylor

Guy Hamilton

. T.

Swain

8- /

• 0 ,1.'

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Hesperian Literary Scoelety-cont.

1915 1) W. R. Shelton

2) A. W. Wilson

3) H. A. Glauss

4) R. W. Adams

1916 1) J. R. Smith
3) R. H. Shelton
2) David Brady

1917 1) R. L. Fisher

2) R. C. Wiggins

3) R. H. Durham

4) G, E, Spangler

H. A. Grlauss
R. W. Adams
W. M, Pickens
J. J. Lilley

H, C, West

C. S. Bann
R. H. Shelton

W. S. Ellas
R. H, Durham
S. A. Delap
R. K, Courtney

1918 1) E. L« Hoffman R. W. Bradshaw
2) R. W. Bradshaw W. A. Thompson
3^ W, L. C. Ormond R. Turner

1919 1) T. P. Thomas

2) Wesley Taylor

3) M. A. Braswell

1920 1) H. E. Fisher

2) S. M, Holton

3) J. D. Lewis

4) Hoy Giles

1921 1) T. R, Waggoner

2) H. J. Herring

3) W. J. Bundy

1922 1) H. C. Sprinkle
2) L. S. Brady

3} C. E. Summers

1923 1) E, B. Fisher

2) W. L. Ciegg

3) C. G. Knox

4) D. S« Johnson

1924 1) W. R. Brown

2) L. Q. Mamford

3) W. W, Lawrence

4) F. A. Bridgers

Wesley Taylor
fl, D. Douglas
H. K, King

S. M. Holton
J, D, Lewis
Boy Giles
T, A. Morse

H, J. Herring
W. J. Bundy
M, R. Cjaamhers

M. L. Wilson

C. B, Summers
J, B. Bridgers

W. L. Clegg

C. G. Kiox

D. S. Johnson
W.J. Bullock

L. (i. Mumford

M. W. Lawrence

R. T. Hardaway

M. I. Pickens

H. C. West
H. C. Greenherg
W. K. Carr
R. W. Giles

W. S, Elias
R. L, Fisher
R. H. Durham

C. L. Nichols
R. W. Bradshaw

B. P. C. Craft
G. E. Powell

Wesley Taylor
Wesley Taylor
T. P. Thomas

J. D. Lewis
S. M. Holton
L. E. Caviness

W. J, Bundy
T. R, Waggoner
H, J, Herring
T. A. Banks

S. S. Faraljow
J. M. Barrett
M. L. Wilson

C, 0, Knox
E. B. Fisher
W. L. Clegg

W, R. Brown
L. Ci, Mumford
W. W, Lawrence
J. M. Keech

W. F. Craven
A. C. Waggoner
J. E. Coltrane
G. B. Johnson

H. E. Sisher
R. B. Thigpen
C. E. hammers

C. G. Knox

W. R. Brown

W. F, Craven, Jr.

W. S. Anderson

VSffi

,fi Vf

idsi

iR^wiJ

• r r/n;

Year President

Vlce~Presldent Secretary

Treasurer

1925 1
2
3

1927 1
2
3
4

1928 1
2
3
4

1929 1
2
3
4

Hesperian Literary Society-cont,

G. B. Johnson 0. C. Peeler W. S. Anderson
G. B. Johnson H. L. Biggerstaff P. R. Andrews
H. L. Biggerstaff J. E. Coltrane Sam Bandy

S. D. Bandy
A. C. Waggoner
W. S. Anderson

H. L. Hester
H. G. Tattle

A. B. Enos

J. C. Burwell

J, G, King

B. M. Johnston
D« K, Jackson
T. P. Culhreth

E. Weather spoon
W, P, HoTrland

C. Hanes

J. U. Connally

C. D. Bosen
G. L. Robhins

W. S. Anderson
0. P, Johnson
P. R. Andrews

R. 6. Tattle

J. C. Harwell

J. C. Barwell

M. R. Corpening

Chas. Gay
H. I, Berlin
Chas* Gay
E. C. Morgan

W. P. Rowland
J. U, Connally
J. P. Evans
M, Warren

J. I« Morgan
Gaither Pratt

H. L. Hestftp

T. S. Thornton

H. L. Hewter
S. G, Spangler
R. G. Tattle

J. G. King
E. S. Raper
R. M* Johnston
T. P. Culhreth

Everett Weatherspoon J. C. Hanes
W, P. Rowland
S. C. Gunnin
J. U, Connally

J. I. Morgan
J. G, Pratt
C. H. Livengood
S. H. Roheson

Wm. P. Parthing
Hariy Dein

C. D. Rosen

N, A, Gregory

L937

Hesperiem Union
(1937- )

Charter memhers: Douglas Corriher, Betty Jelks, Bradley Welfare,
Mildred Williams, Catherine Blakeney, Eliz,
Hatcher, Wm. Pickes, Roht. Lengler, LeRoy Scott,
Kenneth Heise, James Gorringe

Douglas Corriher Bradley Welfare i3
Clerk- Eliz. Hatcher
Speaker- James Gorringe

1) Kenneth Heise Betty J. Brown

Speaker- Maurice Weinstein
Clerk- Catherine Blakeney

2) Kenneth Heise Lee Simpson

Speaker- Dewey Daane
Clerk- Catherine Blakeney

De?rey Daane

Eliz. Puller

Don Mitchell

Same

sr-

.>■

: ii -■

> »2 «

.C ..'

tT'i

I'lOv

ei.<5l r*

•■;■■ r

President Vlce-Preslddnt Secretary Treasurer

Hesperian Union-cont,

1939 l) Doanld C. Uitchell Paances Nelson Dean Strausbaogh Same
^ Speakers^ Tom Smart

■ Lee Johnston

■ 2) Frances Nelson Carl Clanrp Mary S. Dodge Same

■ Speakers- Thomas ^f!ugele

■ Lee Johnston

1940 Carl Clamp Kay Alexander Lee Johnston Same

Speaker- Tom Mugele

Hillel Group
(1937- )

Joe Groldsteln
Martin Parker

Historical Society, Trinity College
(1892- )

Dr. J. S. Bassett G. Greener W. A. Bryan Same
Curator of Museum- B, S, Womhle

Dr. W. K. Boyd Prof. W. S. Locldiart W. A. Bryan Same
W. K. Boyd W. S. Lockhart W. A. Bryan Same
Curator of M.- T. M. Gant

W. K. Boyd H. C Goldstein C. B. Phillips Same
Cur. of M.- T. M. Grant

W. K. Boyd H. G, Hadrick W. G. Mattson Same
Cur. of M.- H. E. Hunter

W. K. Boyd Mr. Miller Mr. Hunt Same
Cur. of M.- Mr. London

W, K. Boyd E. Allison H. G. Cheny Same
Cur. of M.- E, J. Londow

W. K. Boyd B. L. Towe J. R. Davis Same
Curator- F. H. Ray

W. K. Boyd B. W. Suark J. R. Davis Same
W. K. Boyd S. G. Hawfield John W. Carr.Jr. Same
Curator- S. R. Sikes

0Z^<''

Jl<. f

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasarer

Historical Society, Trinity College-cont,

W. Z. Boyd B, B, Jones

Curator- J. K. Turner

Dr. W. K. Boyd John D. Cline

Curator- J, K, Turner

T. W. Sprinkie Same
W. K. Carr Same

Honors in Graduating Class

1902

1903

Valedictorian

L. Johnson
I, LI Wright
J, W. Alspaugh
L, Branson
E. R. Wright
C. C, Andrews
W. F. Watson

A. S. Pearce
J. P. Heitman

R. S. Andrews
J. W, Mauney
C. B. Townsend

E. J. Kennedy

C. L. Heitman

P. L, Groom

0. C. B. McMullcn

C. K. Mason

E, Tanner

E. Davis

T. E. May

B. G, Marsh
L. P. Skeen
Dred Peacock

Sxunma ^um Laude

Lila Markham

James Wardlaw Scroggs

Eher Carle Perrow

Salutatorian

D. C. Johnson
J, W. Pearson
A. Puller

E. Paw

S. C. Hinshaw
R, H. Skeen

J. C. Brown

D, D, Bryant
W, J. Scroggs
f . P. Ivy

J, P, Brower
T. N. Ivey

Magna SS& l^scude
Marjie Jordan

Florence May Egerton
Blanche Hester Gunn
Ralph M. Odell
Michael R. Richardson
Thomas W« Smith, Jr,
Edward W, Spencer

Honors in Oraduatlsg Claee-cont.

1(04

Walter Femterton Budd

1905

1906

Julian Blanchard

Eliza Bichards Brown
Jolin A. Morgan

1907

Holland Hoi ton

1908

Walter A. Stanljary

1909

Pearl L. Brinson
Gilmer Siler

Mafpia cup Laude

Walter S. Loclcbart
Gilbert H. Smith
Will D. finger
Edwin P. Hoover
Otho J. Jones

Alice C. Craft

Alonzo G. Moore

Nicholas Sneethen Ogburn, Jr.

Eva H. Branch

Henry G. Poard

Charles B. MarldUun

Henry A. Keal

Hoy Taylor

Mary H. Thomas

Marion E, Tattle

Samoel Bobbitt Underwood

Wm. Arnold Bryan

C. McMillan Campbell, Jr.

Ural N. HoKman

Han Jordan

Susannah G. Michaels

Hersey B. Spence

J. McPherson Temple ton, Jr.

Annie E. Tillett

Leonidas P. Wilson

Lela D. Toung

Sallie L. Beavers
Bobert S, Brown
William Vogle McEae
Mary A. McCullen
Elise Mims
Lela L. Parrish
Lassaphine Beeves
Sanford A. Hichardson
Lela Caroline Starr
Sanniel Thomas Thome
Luther G. White
Plora May Wrenn

Iva L. Bar den

Blannie E. Berry

Curtis Lee Bivens

Henry Clay Doss

Prank Nicholas Bgerton, Jr.

i£«

Honors in Graduating Class-cont,

Year Sramma Oum Laud,^

1909-cont,

1910

1911

William H. Bell

1912

Szekiel Jacob londow
Mary Loooiie Smith

Magna cxun Laude

Iver Ellis

Thomas A. Fizich
Bobert Caiman Gteldsteln
Malene Harrell
William E. Hall
Evelyn Jones
Edgar W. Knight
Annie L. Mann
Frances W, Marlcham
Richard M. Norment, Jr.
Thomas Bayton Suiter

Annie H. Broiming
Charles W, Falford
Phillip J. Johnson
Arthur M, Proctor
Homer L. Scott
Sarah B. Smith
Weaver McT, Marr
Mp^tilda 0. Michaels
Claude Bascom West
Walter Broimlow West
Nathan Wright

Emma Babbie t
Joseph E« Brinn
Ernest C. Cheek
Clyde 0, Fisher
Woodfin G. Gaston
Fannie Gladstein
Chesley M. Hutchings
Mabel B. Isley
Louis Isaac Jaffe

John N. Aiken
Floyd S. Bennett
Paul W. Best
Claudius Bertram Brinn
Blanche Duke
Wade Edward Eller
Lucile Churchill Gorham
Polly Heitman
Alma 13 • Holtzclaw
Edwin Leigh Jones
Annabel Lambeth
Ruby Lee Markham
Mary L, Newnan
Marshal A. Smith, Jr.
Maude H, Upchorch
Annie Isabella West

Honors in Graduating Class-cont,

Stunma cum Lgade

Ethel Mae A"bernethy
Irene Abernethy
Qainton Holton
Edna Lee Holtzclaw
Nettie Sue Tillett

1914

Charles Gtiy Cordle

1915

Bascom W. Barnard

1916

Ma^na cum Laude

Sidney Sherrill Alderman

William A. Cade

Mary Edens

Charles C. Hatley

Irving B. McKay

Kemp P. Neal

Julian A. Hand

Hose

Suiter

To we

White

Junius H.
Wester G.
Eohert L.
Nemnan I.
Henry L, Wilson
John P. Wynn

Charles Rutherford Bagley
James Cannon, III
Estelle Flowers
Milton B, Pleasants
Lizzie M. Smith
Laura A. Tillett
Mary Yeula Westcott

Allan R. Anderson
John W, Carr, Jr.
Janie Love Couch
Willietta Evans
Benjamin F. Few
Sidney L. Gulledge
Samuel G. Hawfield
William W, Button.
John E, McLean
William Early Mills
Hiram E. Myers
Jessie R, Persinger
Aoqy F. Russell
Earl Ray Sikea
Beal H, Siler
DeWitt T. Sttttts
Fannie B. Vann
William I. Wooten

Louis C. Allen
Laura Mae Bivins
George W. H. Britt
Lucile M. Bui:fed
Iris Odelle ChappeJ.le
Carrie Belle Craig
Jasper H. Grigg
Florence B. Holton
John W, Lambeth, Jr.
William R. Shelton
Beverley C, Snow
Jack W. Wallace

aiiiow V

'.^ ■! ■

Honors in Graduating Class-cont.
Summa cmn Laud^ Ma/yn^ cum Lau.de

1918

Uary Luther Byroam

1919

1920

Margaret M. Cameron
Lloyd S. Slklns
Gladys Vivienne Price
Nolan C. Teagae

Banks Arendell

Richard H, Bennett, Jr.

John Cline

Frederick W. Cunningham

John Odell Durham

Everett Grant Harris

Grace Holton

Gerald Hay Jordan

Henry E. Newhary (or Newherry)

Ralph Ely Parker

Annie Thompson Smith

Thomas Raysor Summers

Edna Louise Taylor

Heniy Carson West

Alma Eetoile Young

Ina Vivian Young

lone Bivins

Godfrey Brevard Cauthen

Floyd Cole Caveness (Caviness)

Ralph Lee Fisher

Luther Lafayette Gk>b'bel

Lessie Lee Harvard

Henry Wiseman Kendall

Willur Galloway McFarland

Cora Jenkins Moss

Rohert MacCollum Price

Evelyn Candace Reade

Paul Lindsay Sample

Eate Goodman Umstead

Leonora Marshall Aiken

Rohert Wallace Bradshaw

Minnie Brady

Hugh Lynn Caviness (Caveness)

Edmund Fleetwood Dunstan

Rohert Alston Few

Allen Hatchett Guyn

Harmon Leslie Hoffman

Henry Hunter Jones

Ethel Marsh Iforray

Vera Myrtle Wiggins

Jesse T. Carpenter
Vera G. Carr
Lee E. Cooper
Billiam N. Evans, Jr.

•20

Honore in Graduating Class-cont,

lesir Stunma cum Laude

1920-cent,

1921

Maude Lucile Nicbolson

1922

Emma Blanche Barringer

1923

Aura C. Holton

1924

Ma4gna cum Laude

Elizabeth Ployd
James G, Leybaxix
Uary L, Manning
Mary Blair Maury
Nancy laobel Maxwell
Doris W. Overton
Charles McK. Ramsey
William A. Rollins
Florence L. Shuman
Ollie B. Ulrich
Joseph B, Whitener
Prank R, Tarbo rough

Chase Howard Benson
Robert Tayloe Dunstan
Henry E. Pisher
Loyd B» Hathaway
Samuel M. Holton
Grover S. Momford
Martha I. Pitts
Oscar L, Richardson
Beulah E. Walton
Martha E. Wiggins

Lucretia M. Harvey
Thomas C« Kirkman
Jessie L, Penny
Irene R. Price
Elizabeth S. Waller

John E, Bridgers, Jr.
Donald H. Conley
Blake B, Harrison
Herminia Ursula Haynes
Jay Loyd Jackson
Annie Marguerite Land
Levi RufHis Manesv
Lucile Merritt
Rhodney B, Reade
Sophia E, Ryman
Henry C. Sprinkle, Jr.
Elodia lancfy

Nora C, Chaff in

Marie L. Couch

Robert A, Crabtree, Jr.

George C, Ervin

Edgar Beauregarde Pisher

Margaret E. Prank

^J";

Honors in Graduating Claes-cont.

Year Sonma cum Laade Magna com Laude

1924-cont, Annie Blanche Johneon

Agnes Adelle Judd
James M. Keech
John Tate I«,nning
William Baugham Leake
Alice Elizabeth Newcomb
James Dixon Secrefct

1925

Julian P. Boyd
William R, Broim

1926

Edith L. Judd
Evelyn H, Turner

1927

Claudia W. Hunter

William S. Barnes
Furman A. Bridgers
Velma Deyton
James J. jParriss
L\icy P. Glasson
Idalene B. Gulledge
Bichard T. Hardatvay
Si^ey Maxwell Kale
Lawrence Qoincy Mumford
Ida Catherine Munyan
Annie Marnick
Bessie A, Booker
Bessie J. Southerland
Ella H. Whit ted
James A« Wiggins, Jf,

Olin B. Ader

Whiteford S, Biakeney, Jr.

Ora T, Deyton

Eoderick M, Love

William C, Maxwell

Clara Elizabeth Morris

Elizabeth H. Roberts

William T, Twaddell

Annie B. Anders

Lizzie Loyde Cothran

Robert L, Jerome

Earl Paette McPee

Walter B. Ms^er

Julia Potts

Prank G, Slaughter

Blanche McK. Broadway
Blanche H. Ciark
Bobert Grady Dawson
Paul H. Fields
Donald E, Zirkpatrick
Sadie M. Lawing
William A. Mabiy
John A. Ramsey (Bamsay)
Bichard BrinkLey Salsbury
Mary E. Vaughn

» f

Year

1928

Honors in Grraduating Class-cent.
Siimnifi cmn Laude Magna gum Lau.de

James N, Truesdale

1929

Esther M. Metzenthin

1930

Frank M. Blggerstaff
Bryant B. Carstarphen
Helen D. Chandler
Lillian A. Chandler
Margaret E, Craven
Mahel J. Griffin
Alfred I*. Hammond, Jr.
Lawrence L. Hardin, Je.
Ernest L. Haywood
Hanselle L. Hester
Leila Huhbard
Ellen H. Huckabee
Charles A. Kirkpatrick
Eehecca Kirkpatrick
Kenneth Raymond Lagerstedt
Gladstone Wadl^y McDowell
Catherine Mills
John W. Morgan
^lliam R. Marrgan, Jr.
Louise P. Parker
William S. Rogers
Anita Scarhoro
Bessie 7. Thompson
Gladys Ruth White

Martha L. Adams
Dunham W. Boyette
Annie L, Caldwell
Rachel V. Copeland
Jacoh M, A. deBruyne
John E, Doxey
Alfred M. Franko
Mildred E. Holton
Jennings G. King
Mildred li^nick
Talmadge ee Peele
Kelson G.- Rosenborg
Roxie J. Sasser (Mrs.)
William S. Sloan
Thomas E. Summerrow
Helen J, Taylor
John L, Woodward
Idwin S. Yarbo rough, Jr.

Arthur D. Bridgers
Bessie 0^ Copeland
Reba T. ^ousins
Osborne E. Dunn
Evelyn M. Hancock

Honors in Graduating Class-cont.

Year Sujama cnam Laade

1930-cont. ..;:'T

19S3

Magna cvun Laude

William F. Hoirland, Jr.
KoTman A. Hufftnan
George B, King, Jr.
Hortense D, Loiag
Harold G. McOurdy
1211231)6 th A. MacFadyen
Esther J. Morris
Her"bert E. 0*Keef
Marjorie D. Peoples
Katherine M. PMlllps
Nathan Huhinstein
Joe A. Savage
John Sidney Shaw
Nelle Spivey
James B. Stalvey
Richard H. Steams
Thomas S. Steams
Charles T. Thrift, Jr.

Hi chard J. Bis son
Carl F, Bretholl, Jr.
Argyle Glenn
Gladys M. Higgins
Edgar J. Hocutt
Helen Jenkins
Morris A. Jones
Charles H. Livengood, Jr.
Whitfield H. Marshall
Anna Katharine Moses
Elizabeth Faye Mulholland
Joseph Gaither Pratt
Frances Howe
Walter A. Stanhury, Jr.
Herman Walker, Jr.
Lila Mack Woodward

Margaret G. Altvater
Elizabeth E. Clarke
Margaret G, Harrell
Elmer C, Harrison
Edith E, Leach
Charles E, Stuart

DaVid Sterling Clarke
William P. Dale
Harry L. Dein
Lucille Buchanan Gainey
Marjorie Glasson

( ■•

iXX^v

Honors in Graduating Class-cont,

Tear

1933-cont,

Suama ctun Lau.d0

1934

Warren C. Scoville

1935

1936

Betty Priemel ^

Catherine Isenlaour ^'
Herbert Strasslsarger^
Henry S. Robinson

.v^

Magna cupi Laade

William Karpinsky
Jacob Levin
Dorothy Newsom
Henry Acaley fynn

William E, Apple
Harold W. Atkinson
Celestine
Wilbur L.
Rosanelle
Elinor M.
Joseph W,

M. Beamer

Brister

Cash

Douglass

Getzendanner,

Charles R, Humphreys
Ira Stanley Ross
Robert W. Sapp
Mildred J. Taylor
Ross A. Tunnell, Jr.

Slma J. Black
Walter E, Conrad
Daniel K. Edwards
lyne S, Pew
Dorothy 0. Porbes
Blaine R.Harkness
Seth B. Hinshaw
Thomas W. Keesee
Frances S. Huls
Marjorie A. King
Philip M. Zirk
Rerrait L. Leitner
Donald G. McNeil
Carlos DuPre Moseley
Caroline M. Phillips
Lena Sear

Philip Linus Shore, Jr.
Sarah Wray Thompson
Raymond H. Wadsworth
Brnest E. Wood

Virginia K. Baker
Rath Bowman
Edward W. Cooly
Herbert A. Pohl
Marion Roe

Jr.

Honors in Graduating Class-cent.

Samma cam Laude

James A. Bistline
James W, BrownJ Jr,
Frederic N. Cleaveland
Harold Reeves Collins
Ivan DeR. Prantz
Frederick R, Jackson, Jr.
Virginia S. Redfern
Dorothy H, Seymbur

1938

Bruce Harold Breenfield
Frances Hilda Kirkpatrick

1939

Ellis Thomson Baker, III
Freda H. Liverant
Mildred Patterson

1940

Lillian A, Secrest
Ro swell &. Townsend
Frank L. Beckel
Lorenz 2. g,, Sitner

Magna cum Laude,

Mariana D. Bagley
Earl T. Brach
Wilsie F, Bussell
Headley Morris Cox, Jr.
Joseph K. David
Eugene Desvernine
Irwin Friedlander
Anne R. Izard
Helen C, Larzelere
Charlotte B, Markham
Jerome S. Menaker
James A. Poit
Hamtleton Singlerff, Jr,
Jessie H, Walker

David Horgan Bane
Clark Alvin Crawford
Arthur J. Dowling
Jane East
Harold Lee Flowers
Harry B, Hausser
Jesse P. Kaperman
Oleta J, Love
Margaret H. Morton
Horace Russell, Jr.
Martha T. Schmidt
Donald H. Sheehan
Roberta E. Townsend
Luther I. Wade, Jr.
Thomas P. Webster, Jr,

Sara Arthur

Willis Spangler Beckel
James D. Daane
Leroy E, Duncan, Jr.
Kendrick S. Few
Margaret Finger
Benjamin S. Ho rack
Susan Phillips
Robert C. Rand
Janet Ret tew
Viviaji Rieger
Victor K. Smith, Jr.
Robert H, Van Voorhis

Alona E. Evans
Charles L. Dimond
Gwy A. Battle
Jane Bail
John F, Byrum

Year

President

Vice-President

SecretaryS

Treasurer

Instrumental Music Association
(April 1936- )

1936 Manager- Charles B. Wade

1937 • B. Troy Ferguson, Jr.

1938 " Robert H. Van Voorhis
Ass't M^r.- Evan Thompson
Qoartermaster- Jack Butler

1939 Bus. Msgager- Evan Thompson

1940 Bus. Manager- Robert Ladd

International Club
(1935- )

1934 Ben B. We ems

1935 Fred E. Bratzel

1936 Donald V. Hirst

Inter-State Progressive Club
(1913- )

Chm.- P. B. Trigg D. C. Lewis

V.C. & B.M.- C. H. Chilhingerian

A. T. Enott

Inter-Campus Relations Committee
(1939- )

Babette Balcer Doris Tritle

Rep. on Senior Cab.- Peggy Barnes

Same

Iota Gamma Pi
(Oct. 1922- )

Bruce Roxby

Hal W. Atkinson Chas. Httfflphreys John M. Bird fin. E. Apple

Warren P. Armstrong Edward Storms Blaine Harkness Lon Coone

Jos. A. Trainor E. Robt. Scattergood Robt. H. Rushmer Gerald R. Cooper

Robt. H, Daugherty Doug, S. Nisbet P. R. Jackson James C. Hardin

H. T. Jenkinson N. Pukuhara R, Z, Gould Lloyd P. Timberlake

Roger J. Sherron C. J. Kreiser Romeo A. Palciani

Iredell Law Club

Ivar H, Peterson
Chas. R. Warrier

Leon L. Rice, Jr.
Duane Littell

Wm. J. Baird
Gene Desvemine

Richard M. Nixon
Campbell Garden

Year President

Vice-Pregident

Secretary

Treasurer

(Feb. 15. 1937- )

Charter members:

1936 Anne Seawell

1937 Carol Wagner

1938 Sara J. Waters

1939 Bess Taylor

1940 Bliz. Tajrlor

Jane Ball, Betty Conrad, Lois Cooley, Alona
Evans, Betty Grerow, Betty Kramer, Bemice
Lane, Martha Perkins, Anne Seawall, Lillian
Secrest, Evelyn Van Sciver, Margaret Ward.

Evelyn VanSciver
Martha A. Young
Florence Rick
Peggy Addicks
Marg. Addicks

Betty Gerov Same
Elize Curry Bose Kueffner
Betty Partenf elder Ann O'Rourk
Joanne Stephens Marlon Pohl
Joan Stephen Marian Pohl

1931 Eleanor Rodger s

1934 Evelyn Carpef

1935 Dallas Knight

1936 Frances Lewis

1937 Helen Burgess

1938 Margaret Ward

1939 Margaret Ward

Jarvis House
(1931- )

Mary 0. Pethick Same
Joan Bender Same

Isotes
(1938- )

1938 Harriet Shoecraft Betty S4awall

1939 Jean Baily Lucille Chandler

1940 Jean Bailey Geraldine Dodrill

Adv.- Katherine R. Jeffers

Helen Saleeby Ruth Schoenberger
Rec. -Mildred Bergen-Josephine May
Cor. -Jacqueline Lentz
Cor.- Sarah McCanless

Maiy S. Webster
Rec-

Antoinette Baca

Junior Big Sisters
(1920-1936)
(Work taken over by Freshman Advisors)

1921 Hunter Holloway

1935 Frances Lewis

1936 Roberta Townsend

Florence Harris Pat tie Knight

Same

Sft.>«'rCr„

f^,^." r.f

President 4

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasmrer

Kappa Alpha
(1901- )

Donald McNeil Thomas Smith
JinnHSr McCall Philip Russell
Herbert J, Upcburch Archer E, Lackey
Fr8d Rehman Thomas Hyan
Ellis T. Baker Clinton W. Morgan
H. Tim Brinn Prank C. Bone
Douglas P. Peterson Andrew Dacker

J. Kern Ormond
Wm. Bowman
Chas. H. Gill
Ellis Baker. Ill
Walter C.Johnson
Ployd B. Souders

Sam Tyler
Ernest Swlger
John 0. McCoy
Bobt, Parsons
Henry Worth
Tom D. Saart

Lawrence Blanchard 7. E. Sellers

Eappa Alpha Theta (Beta Hho)
(1928- )

Sarah Thompson Maiy L. Bradley
Sue Hardy Mary A. Bhodes
Editor-Anne L. Heist

Alma Hedrick Audrey Speicher
H. -Constance Fatton Audrey Speicher
C, -Sarah Rankin

Eliz. Sasscer Frances Childs
Ed.- Sarah Williams

R. -Ariel Moneyhan Prances Edwards
C.-Char. Marshall

Va. Braznell Miggie White
Caroline Breedlove Dorothy Porritt

Julia Coffman Mary E. Carter
R, -Prances Briggs Betty Douglas
C.-Jane Braznell

Rosanna BrSwer Martha Glenn

C,-Eliz. Bowen Betty Douglas
R.-Janet Haas

Kay Weidmann

Thea Conger

C. -Louis Walter Eleanor Southgate
R. -Katie Kantt

Kappa Delta (Sigma Delta chapter)
(April 9, 1912- )

Charter members:

Mrs. W. P. Pew. Mrs. Mary Duke Biddle,
Bstelle Plowers, Katie Lee McKinnon, Lucile
Gorham. Mary Gorham. Catherine Thomas. Mary
Berry.

Eliz, Pegram Vivian Smith
Sara L. Palls Harriet Waits

Ed.-Gary Armstrong
Alma Lloyd Hanson Josephine Burger

Ed.-Gwendolyn Cline
Annie W. Daniel Betty Souders
June Russell Mary Drew Clay
Byrne Ware Evelyn Bo lick

Helen Gray Mem Plyler
Jeannette TeSelle Josephine Burger

Lee Hill

Marjorie LaMont

Mary Vickers

Jean Eraser
Jean Praser
Anne Seawell
Nancy Lineherger

Betty Souders

Maiy D, Clay
Ann King
Va. Campbell
Va. Campbell

^0 »>i/.c'^.

.1mPJ3is.tsT. . j!u.

' ritc^ "^;iJon<5vi »vo

IP.'.

'iy

President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

Kappa Dtlta Pi
(May 28. 1927- )

Charter Uemters:

Gladys THiite
D. H. Cook
Melva I. LeGette
James M. Godard
Sara E. Clark
S, E.liz. Clarke
Margaret Held
Mary J. Malford
James Godard
Sliz. Hi ley

Abrams, ^•■^•i Ild.e Brock, Lucy Burt, John W.
Carr, B. G. Chiids, Lethia Cross, Emma J. Davis,
Frank File, B. L. Gooden, Eliz, Gray, Irene
Oupton, B. L. Haywood, Eldridge Hime, Faylene
Janes, A, C. Jordan.

Selma Warlick
Martha Chesson
Bessie Copeland
Eliz, Williams
Donald Agnew
Donald Agnew
Alice Searlght
Nellie Bishop
Catherine lyon
Mrs. Stewart

K. Frantley Watson Mary W, Bussy
Betty Shortledge Betty Koehnleiz
Roy A. Doty Hope Thomas
Wm. C. Rein Adelaide Mayhew

Louise Parker
A. B. S tame 8
Bessie Martin
Gipsie Proctor
Eunice Keen
Eunice Keen
Eliz. Hicks
Elma Black
Elma J. Black
Helen Poole

E. L, Haywood
M. Eliz. Montgomery
Reha Cousins
Reha Cousins
John W. Wood
John W. Wood
Dorothy McElduff
Evelyn Carper
Nellie Bishop
Kathzyne Montague

Jane H. Cone Dorothy L. Sawyer
Roherta C. Edwards Va. Leon
Delores Gam^hlie Lillian Secrest
Margaret Simpson Heniy E. Link

Kappa Kappa Gamma (Delta Beta)
(Oct. 25, 19S0- )

Charter Members:

Janie Elizabeth Carlton, Frances Lelia Currin,
Mary E. Craven, Florence R. Dailey, Katberine M.
Davies, Edna Kilgo Elias, Mildred M. Guthrie,
Va. Lucille Hohgood, Martha Howie, Dorothy Cornell
Leary, Katherine Markham, Nancy E. Hoherson,
Margaret Rogers, Nellie L. Sellars, Erma E.
Williams.

Eliz. Craven

Erma Williams
Louise Sella;>8

1932 Jessie Hertz
2) Helen Chase

Eve Davis
Registrat- Dorothy Davis
2) Dorothy Davis

Cor.-Va. Hobgood Louise Sellars
C. -Betty Knight Frances Lawrence
2 )R. -Alice Woo ten Kitty Serf as
R. -Margaret Edwards Kitty Serfas
C. -Betty Knight
2) R. -Dorothy Hines

Dorothy Gray

R. -Ell en Witwer
C.-Louise Varnes

Jane Hitter
Betty Parks

Tear President

yice-Presldent Secretary

Treaggrer

Kappa Kappa Ganma'Cont.

1933

1) Eve Davis

2) Eve Davis

1935 Dorothy Davis

1936 Nancy Peterson

Ed.- Jean Kern
2)Bar"bara Jenkins

1937 Barbara Jenkins

1938

1939

1940

1929
1930

1931
1932

1936

1935
1937

Carroll Costigan

Adele Lavington Jean Brown

Dorothy Saville Barhara Sapp

R. -Dorothy Hines Jane Hitter
C, -Marie Pelgrim
R.-Mary A. Motlow Jane Ritter
C.-Dovothy Hines

R, -Helen Witi»er Betty Parks
C.Koima Marcus

R.-Mary J, DeCamp Prances Merrill
C.-Isobel Craven

Eleanor Oak(R) Marie L. Pedaflous
Louise Vames(C)

C. -Claire Varnes Marie L. Pedaflous
R.-Bleanor Oak Ass't-Setty J&nory

R. -Eleanor Oak Betty Emery
C. -Martha Crocker

C. -Barbara Sapp Evelyn Van Sciver
R,-Sue Eyerly

C,-Katherine Harps ter
R. -Marilyn Seafield

Kappa Eappa Psi
(1929- )

J. S. Stanley, Jr. L. ^ssell Hanson P. M. Pratt
Bd,'^ J. P. Armstrong

H. G. Whitehead

L. Rassell Hanson J. W. Woodard J. P. Armstrong J. W. HThitehead
Ed.- T. P. Lassiter

DeArmond Moore

C. Shelby Dale Edgar M. Hall
Ed.- A. K. Mclntyre

J. A. Myers

Robert A. Boyd, Jr. Same

Stanley P. Meyerson Thos. E. Bowman James A. Bistline
Ed.- E. A. Palmgren, Jr.

Robert P. Miller
B. Troy Perguson, Jr. W. Sutton
Ed,- Prank Gerard

Joseph S, Hiatt, Jr. Same

R. H. Van Voorhis Don Lanning

f -jV

A 0.H .^': "'•i'A

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Kappa Eappa Psi-cont»

Robert Van Voorhis Tom Davis
Evan L. 1510115)80 n Bo"b Ladd
Robert Ladd Sismner P. Jones

Sam Agnillo Finley Clarke
Augustus T, Allen Clarence Latimer
H. A. Scott C. A, ?yrne

Kappa Sisma (Eta Prime chapter)
(1873- )

McCarthy Hanger
G-eo.L.Morelodc
Wayne E. Ambler
Jack Wilkes
Elmer E. Rouzer
Curtis S, Jones
&eo. H. Kellerman
Robt. D. Little

Greo. L. Morelock, Jr. Albert L.Burford Praacis J, Litle
Wm, L. Huiskaznp Albert L. Burford Prancfcs J, Litle
Peter E. Callahan John E. Stindholm Grant Horneffer
A. Bert rand Rohrbaogh J.Braxton Craven Curtis S. Jones
W. P. Lipscomb James B. Craven, Jr. Curtis S. Jones
Harvey Kellannan John Morrissey Walter R. Finn
Fred Auld John P. Chapman Wm. S.. Horton
Wm. B. Horton Robt. P. Smith Wm. J. Dacey

Keys Club
(1921 and Feb. 15. 1932-

Pred. P. Hague
Edwin D. Rogers

C, W. Flowers
Ashby Sheppard

)

Robt. L. Peck
C.-C. Ancroffl
R.-Robt. Peck

Wm, Walker
Ernest A. Winton

1924

1925

Lambda Chi Alpha
(March 3, 1924- )

Charter Members: Hal A. Oliver, Wm. J. H. Cotton, B. R. Perry,

Thomas K. Graham, Lloyd S. Elkins, Wayne Burch,
Robert S. Burke, Jackson H. Bunn, Charles S.
Hammond, Robert A. Burch, Jr., Alonzo C. Edwards,
Ernest G. Overton, Wm. G, Sharp, Jack E. Anderson,
Richard T. Hadraway, Linwood B, Hollowell, James
M. Keech, John B. Midgett, Thomas B. Moore,
Emerson M. Thompson, Joseph C. Whisnant Alton R.
Barrett, Robert B, Billings, Macon F. Brock, Wm. R,
Brown, Edward W. H. Sagertedt, Joseph P. Roche,
Loy F. Thompson.

B. G. Overton R. T. Hardaway
Chm Rit»l-W,G,Sharpe,Jr.

B. G. Overton R. T. Hardaway
Chm Rit*l-W.G.Sharpe,Jr.

W, R. Brown
Soc.-R.A.Burch

L. F. Tuttle
Soc.-R.A.Burch

L. B. Hollowell
L.B.Hollowell

L. B. Hollowell W. G. Sharpe, Jr. A. R. Barrett
Chm Rit'l-L. E. Jarrett J. C. Whisnant

L, F. Tattle

Soc.-J. B. Anderson

Geo. R. Wallace
J. E. Thompson

i^ .

r->

;.-i'J.

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasarer

Lambda Clii Alpha-cont.

(xeo, R. Wallace J. S. Anderson
Ohm Eit'l-Robt. Cranford

Hi chard C. Home L. B. Christian
Chm Rit'1-Ken. Lagerstedt

John L, Burke Ogden C, Bruton
6hm. lit 'l-Whit worth W, Gotten

Kenneth Lagerstedt James Thompson

A. H. Cotton

Soc. -Clarence James

Albert H, Cotton John C, Burke
Ogden C. Bruton
Soc.-W, C. Drake

Ron. C. Ruddick Leroy Smith
Soc.-W. E. Johnson S.O.Goode

Walter S. Johnson Marshall A. Campbell Dan H. Stewart Oliver Hicks

Chm Rit'l-G, K. Massengill

H, F. Eottenstein D. N. Stewart
Chm Rit'l-M. Britchett
Wm. Wyman

Wm. H, Wyman Thomas C. Morgan
Chm Rit»l-Thomas Waller

Wm. Wyman Clyde P. Boyle a
Bernard P. Kinter

F, C. Nicholson Walton W. Smith

P. C. Nicholson

T. C. Morgan Jimmie Jarrett

Geo. C, Burch

Chas. Short David Bowen
So c. -Prank Barnett

Robt, H. Rush
Soc.-Wm. Parker

Murray Miller

Clyde Boyles Melvin Stevens
Chas. D.Beatty Ernest Wood
Chm Rit'l-C. D. Beatty
Sd. Coo ley

Kermit L. Leitner Murry Miller
Soc. -Larry Bagwell

Chas. D. Beatty Kermit L. Leitner D^vis Hatch Herbert 6. Whiting
Chm Rit'l-Oliver D. Mann Soc.-Lariy B. Bagwell

Herbert G. Whiting Ed. W. Cooley
Chm Rit'1-Robt. E. Kay

Robts. K. Dodd Christian S, Briel
Jos. G. Powell Ralph A. Taylor
Soc. -Geo. P. Beneke

Geo. T. Prampton E. Gilbert Mathews Alan W. Ham Paul M. Beich
Robt. Greenawalt, Chm Rit'l Soc. -Helmut Bode Hubert P. Young

Geo. T. Prampton B. Gil. Mathews
Chm Rit'1-Rob. Greenawalt

Henry Wilson Arthur Brown
Art Peabody Duncan C. Gray
Dexter f/. Leland Pen Wilson

Jos. M. Carl Hub. P. Young
Soc- Rob. Leavenworth

Richard Clarke Robert Wanzer
Dexter P. Leland Rob. C. Wanzer
Harold S. Piatt Wm. S. Schenkemeyer

■?R

t»:

-•^^t.rr?

, '.a a:

..%.

nilli:.. ''/:'I'V

nocT

1 »>ct«»^*,

18.t.[

r - . ■. • )•:-

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Leagae of Nations
(1919- )

Alberto Gionzales Isaivo Tanaka

Hermlni Eaynes Same

Lea^e of Women Voters

(1926-1936)

(Hew Group started in 1933)

Sliz, Ramsey
Hath Bennett

Kate Israel
Betty Halsema

Selma War lick Sliz. MacPadyen

Johnny Long & His Collegians
(1931- )

Membentj

Leader & Violinist

Johnny Long

Saxophones 1

McCarthy Hanger

Charles Hicks

Henry D. Miller

Trumpets 1

Irving Nielsen

Smith

James Allardice

Drums

Harry Ingle

(Succeeded T?y

David Goddard

Piano & Manager

Maurice Miley

Trombone

Edwin Batner

Guitar

Ogden Davies

Bass

Shelby Dale

Lather League

E. Fred Bratzel

Wm. Pickes

Sleanora Pi

Byron Conley

McDowell County Club
(1912-j .J

J. E. Kanlpe

John Erwin

Mecklenburg County Club
(1914- )

J. W. Carr, Jr.
J. A. McGinn
G. M, Ivey
Leroy Dutin

J. A. McGlaa
W. K. Carr

P. C, Sherrill,

E. M. McGrady
J. H. Wilson
Dorothy Dotger
Dorothy Dotger

P. M. Marr

Same

L. Dutin

Up E. Wilkinson

ecoJ

,«i'-j. ill Li^Z'i'^z . q;..c*

■?"?W

nui' V,: ..*. .T>

President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

Men* 8 Student Governinent Association
(1922-1 )

Jay L. Jackson
Joiin B, Harris
Wm, S. Barnes

M. Bradshaw

C. G. Knox

W. G. Bradshaw

J. D, Secrest

W. B. Bradshaw Same

W, F, Craven, Jr. Same

TThitfleld S. Blakeney L. B. Hollowell •«. A. Biggs Same

Don, E. Klrkpatrick W. A. Mabry W. S. Grant Same

Chas. C. Weaver James N. Truesdajte J, T, Carruthers Same

Amos N. Johnson J. G. King John M. Weher Same
Joe A, Savage E. B. Weatherspoon Geo. C. Hookt

Dallas Albrd
0. W. Home, Jr. Same
S. M. Caldwell Same
Tyrus Wagner Same
Martin B. Williams Same

Robert C. Wood

Same

Wm. D, Murray Geo. C. Hoopy
Martin K. Green Marcus Hobhs
Oliver W. Home C. R. Lundgren
Jos. T. Shackford M. E, Newsome.Jr.
Wm. M. Burke Reynolds May
Councilmen:

Joseph S. Shieferly, Jr.

Wm. N. Klove

Charles Kinkle

William Thompson

Boy Zack Thomas Jadk Alexander
Councilmen:

Clifford Perry
C» Robert Mervine
Wm. P. Simmons
Richard M. Taliaferro
J, Scott Montgomery

Tom P. Southgate Richard D. Jenkinson Wm. ?. Courtney Same
Councilmen:

C. Manning Smith
Pred Rebman
Gil Mathews
Garfield Miller

E, Gillert Mathews J.S.Montgomery James C, Little Same
Sen. Rep.:

Chester Lucas

Jim 7. Hose
Junior Rep:

Howard Mason

Garfield Miller
Soph. Rep.:

John Shinn

:j^:r:ir.-.;^

HiTili-:

.0 b-i

/>'■

; r

legr PyesldQnt Vlce-Pregldent Secretary Treasttrer

Men's Student Government Association-cont,

1938 Richard Lewis Bol) Spangler Ted Broim Same

Sftliior Hep:
Bill Bhodes
E. T. Baker
Juhior Rep:
John Shinn
John Palmer
Soph Rep:

Richard Connor

1939 Thomas J. Hanlon Jack K. Palmer Eugene &. Wilson Same

Senior Rep:

Sam Williams

Don G-arrick
Junior Rep:

Robert Moyer

Richard Connar
Soph. Rep:

William Schenkemeyer

1940 Ricliard 0, Connar Robert Moyer Douglas F. Peterson Same

Senior Rep:

Herman Rapoport

E. S. Delaney
Junior Rep:

Ted Tukjs

Xlex McMahan
Soph. Rep:

Henry Crane, Jr,

Methodist Studants* Union
(April 12, 1936- )

James Boyd Haywood Herrell Geneva Morris
V.P, for Women- Sarah Sprail
Publicity- Leroy Scott

Haywood Harrell Linwood Blackburn Geneva Marks Same
V.P. for Women- Eleanor Coopedge

Rep,- Tom McCord

«.' *.. C#>, i.

eu'Kc

♦ f

President

Vice-President Secretary

Tyea^gyes

Ministerial Association, Undergraduate
(1908- )

Hurley

T. M. Grant

Wright

Vick

Wright

Scott

L. Edwards

Same

Cade

Daniel Lane

Lewis

Same

Durham

H. B. Hill

Bennett

Same

Myers

J. W. Bennett

Shelton

Same

Shelton

J. E. B. Houser

Jordan

Same

Pew

John Cline

McParland

McKlnney

J, B. Hurley

Hohhs, Jr.

Same

Shaver

J. H« Lanning

Gilbreath

Same

Higglns

H. K. King

7aughan

Same

W, N, Vaughan G. G, Adams

Sanuel A. Maxwell Prank Steugh

M. q. Turtle G. G. Whitehurst

J. L. Hester Same
Galon Whitehurst Same
W, L, Clegg M, T. Hipps

P.
w.

M.
P.

B.
L.

Joyner
Clegg
Lawrence
Kiker

L.
R.
P.
B.

V.
M.

Harris

Stafford

Kiker

Kease

Ernest G, Overton
C. H. McGregor
W. C. Maxwell
R. L. Jerome

Same
Same

Ashmore
Huckabee

Jerome

G.
G.

Wilkinson
Bawson

A. L.
R. G.

Stephen
Dawson

Dawson
Holt

D.
J.

D.
C.

Holt
Groce

Same
Same

E.
P.

Mercer
Bowles

P.
L.

Bowles
House

D.
A.

Brown
Tilley

C. D.
A. S.

Brown
Nohlitt

D.
M.

Brown
Smith

L.
B.

Tilley
Poole

Smith
Huffman

C. J.
J. H.

Andrews
Carper

J. Walter Johnson Millard Warren

Harold D. Plood Edward H, Jones

Thomas Carri^er

John McLain

McIAirry S, Richey Walter Smith

Douglas Corriher4 Haywood Harrell

Walter L, Lanier Eugene Campbell
Samuel J. ^awkins R. J, Starling

Douglas Corriher Austin Whitmore
Linwood Blackburn Rob. Stamey

Chas. E. Shannon

Robt. H. Stamey Linwood Blackburn Chas. Shannon
Chas. E, Shannon Leroy A. Scott James Crawley

Archibald Ray
Walter Gattis

n*'.

Teal

President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

Montgomery County Club
. (1926-1927)

1926 L. D. Prutchey R. H. Andrews

R. B, Bruton

I. W. Wood

Mordecai Law Club
(1927- )

Charter Members: Judge T, D. Bryson, Prof. W, Bryan Bolich,

Walter S. Locldaart, Marshall T. Spears, W. T.
Towe; and J. S. Bell, E. J. Burns, L. C. Butler,

A. B. Carter, L, V. ^happen, J, E. Coltrane,
V. B. Derrickson, W. A. Pinch, N. T. Pletcher,
G. T. Garrett, G, S. Garriss, W, I, Gatling,

M. S, Guthrie, S. M. Holton, V. 0. Jones, B. M.
Linney, L. R. Morris, L. E. Nail, J. A. Norris,

B. T; Sanders, A. B. Shepherd, J, M. Sink, L. A*
Smith, H. P. Strickland, C. N. Swann, J, C, Troy,
J, W. Wallace, M, C. Wilson, P. L. Wyche,

Mountain Boomer's Club
(Oct. 29, 1909-1921)

19(fi9
1910

1911
1912

W. M, Marr

P. L. Gaston W. P. Starners

Historian- E, J. Londow

Wade E. Eller R. B, Welle

Historian- W, L. Scott

S, W, Marr

J, 0. Renfro

T. T, H^ch Same
C.-W. S. Eller

C.-S. W. Marr

J, 0. Renfro Same

C,-W. A. Wilson

R. L. Brown Same

1913 J. 0. Renfro

1914 J. B. Cathey

1915 P. W, Harley

1916 W. S. Eli&B

1918 W. S, Ellas

1919 W. S. Elias

1920 C. E, Buckner

J. B. Cathey
J. H, Coman

J. W. Elliott
R. H. Shelton

R« L, Brown Same
W. R. Shelton Same
C.-C. R. Edwards

J. H. Coman Same
R, P. Wyche Edwin Burge
Marguerite Russell Same
Estelle Warlick Same
Marguerite Russell Same

Musical Clubs
(1920- )

1908 L. E. Blanchard

Bus. Mgr,- J. N. Cole, Jr.

1909 G. M. Daniel

Bus. Mgr.- C. K. ProctoS-
Asst. Mgr.- R. G. Laney

G. M. Daniel

Same

•i/j:

lear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer

Masical Clubs-cont.

1910 TT. G. Matton J. B. Brinn J. B. Courtney Same

1924 W. Bolfe Brown

Bus. Mgr.- Frank M. Wanaer

1925 S. W, Pickens

Bus. Mgr.- C. W. Porter

1926 Porman G. McLarty

Bus. Mgr.- James B, McLarty

1927 James N. Truesdale C. A. Klrkpatrick

Boa. Mgr.- Robt. L, Hatcber

1928 Robert B. Bruton

Mgr.- Henry C. Bost

1929 Vernon P. Secbrlest C. S. Hooper, Jr.

Bus. Mgr.- W. C. Lassiter

1930 J. S, Neal D. C. MacLaugblin

Bus. Mgr.- Francis H. Brinkl^

1931 James Fowler

Bus, Mgr.- Marcus E. Hobbs

1932 James H. Pliillips

Bas. Mgr.- Montgomery Gray

Russell Herbert John A. Long

Bus. Mgr. -Edwin A. Say lor
Roy Zack Thomas John Cole Robert E. Kay Same

Bus. Mgr.- Hozelle Holman

Student Dir,- Ernest Winton

Joseph R. Mackie Gayle Herman Wm. B. Somerville Same
Bus. Mgr.- John D, Klock
Student Dir.- Donald Schmltt

Music Study Club, Women's
(1931- )

Charter Members: Dorothy Barger, Celestine Beamer, Constance
Blackwood, Elaine Chi Ids, Mary F. Covington,
Annie L, Outchen, Helen Daniel, Helen Gray,
Rachel Meetze, Enniy L, Morton, Dorothy Newsom,
Fannie O'Keef, Ruth Patterson, Eleanor Rogers,
Va. Tillitson, Ermengarde Wegener.

Year President

Vlce-Preeident Sedretary

Tr?a?VLr^r

Music Study Glut, Women 's-cont.

Mary P. Covington Helen R, Grose
Isabel Shriner Huby Fogel
Bus, Mgr.- Ernestine Paul

Hachel Meetze
Eleanor Green

Gonstance Blackwood
Catherine Rankin

Mary L. 3yrn

Eleanora Patterson C. -Barbara Jenkins Lois Shields

R.-Va. Miller

Gretchen Elmiger Evelyn R. Klemme Ann M. Hughes Mary C, Bell

Jean Ord Mary E. Krummel
Ann Hauschenberg Priscilla Grey

Beth Shaw

Janet Gift

C.*Ann Rauschenberg Jean Merkel
R, -Betty McFayden

B. -Betty McPayden
C. -Margaret Braynard
Peggy Glenn

R.-Anne Hersey Marjorie Davis
C, -Nancy Carver

P. A. Pinch

Nash County Club
(1913- )

A, B. Parm*r

G. B. Bissette C. S. Bunn

Natural History Club
(1923-1 )

Genevieve Ifyers Evelyn Millner Clara Becton

Same

R. A. Pew

Naval Club
(1918- )

R. W. Partin

Same

Needlework Guild
(1935- )

1935 Dora Hill

1936 Dorothy Adams

1937 Geneva Marks
1939 Peggy Barnes

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Nereidian Club

(1930- )

1931

Betsy Wheeler

Same

1932

Betty Boesh

Bernice Rose

Mary A. Dewey

Juie Bailey

1933

Margie Voigt

Mary A, Dewey

Jean Molyneaux

Dorothy Flebbe

1935

Evalyn Schaffle

Anna L, Boyd

Mary Millar

Rebecca Atzrodt

1936

Grwendolyn Cline

Joan Bliss

Mary Millar

Marj. White

1937

Alberta Townsend

Dorotliy Creery

Carrol Costigan

Barbara Henry

1938

Dorotliy Creery

Cornelia Goddard

Laurette Ryan

Doris Coish

1939

Cornelia Goddard

Doris Colsh

Marjorie Kmmmel

Betty L, Ware

1940

Helen Drisccll

Joan Bender

iw Hanover Cy Club
(193.9- )

Sally Jossman

Alice Schuremnn

1919

H. K. King

R. E. Thigpen

Lucille Merritt

T. A, Morse

1920

T. A. Morse

A. B. Hall

Nine-0-Hineteen
(1890- )

Marion Snmmerell

R. H. James

Charter Members: John Spencer Bassett, McCrary, Darham, Cranford,

1932 C. R. Lvjndgren

1933 Davis Williams Wm. E. Apple

1935 Henry S. Robinson Robt. H. Dick

1936 Eugene Desvernine Harold R. Collins

1937 Jesse P. Xuperman Preston Webster

1938 J. Braxton Craven Ben S. Ho rack

1939 Nevin Stetler Guy D. Beightol

Sentinel- Tom Malone

1940 Rob't Atwell John Yarborotigh

Sentinel- Horace Stanley

Burke Smith Hal W. Atkinson
Fred N. Cleaveland E. Cruikshank
Clark Walter, Jr. James A. Bistline

Paul Bransford

Tom Senf f

J. C. Rut ledge

Marion Moise

Barry Williams
Dewey laane
Guy Berner

Joe W. Saylor.Jr,

Nu Beta Phi
(1931-1933)

1931

Grace Hacharason Mildred Pollock

Scribe-
Jeanette

Co-Scribe-
Sara Berenson

Ethel Nachamson
Sidenburg

Year. President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

1932

Nu Beta Phi-Cont,
Sara Berenson Mildred Pollock

1933 Sara Berenson Ethel Nachamson

Scribe- Grace Nacharason

Ethel Nachamson
Co-Scribe-

Jeanette Sidenharg

Scribe- Milcred Pollock

Rubye Fogel
Co-Scribep

Jeanette Sidenburg

"SvL Sigma
(1923-1931)

1929 Officers- Bess Copeland
Nell Spivey

Nu Sigma Nu
(1931- )

1935 Prank W. Backner Prajak Alter

Geo. Bogardas Hob't L. Alter

Officer's Club
(1919- )

1919 Walter J. Rothensies H. K. King L. K. I^Iartin W. S. Elias

1938

Omicron Chi Epsilon
(Feb. 15, 1937- )

Charter members: Merrimon Cunninggim, Ked Wiley, H. Grady Hardin,
J. Kern Ormond, Robert S, Tate, Robert Lengler,
Prank Dennis, Denny Williams, Wade Moor.

Rob't S. Tate Rob't Lengler

A. E. Wiley (?) Prank Dennis

iShap.- Rob't S. Tate
Claude Evans Chas. Shannon

H, G. Hardin Same

J-ttlian A. Lindsey H. Grady Hardin

Bill McCulley Denny Williams

Omicron Delta Kappa
(1925- )

Year > .•■' Member

1926 James M. Atkins

Ralph L. Biggerstaff
Walter A. Biggs
Whiteford S. Blakeney
Sanruel D, Bundy
Garay B. Caldwell, Jr.
Edward Lee Cannon
Wesley Frank Craven, Jr.
Jajnes DeHart (Coach)
John Prather Prank
George P. Harris

Har^ Belton Johnston
Donald E. Kirkpatrick
Wm. Alexander Mahry
Earl Puette McPee
Furman Gordon McLarty
Marshall Ivey Pickens
James E, Thompson
Thomas B. Wagg, Jr.
Pyank M. Warner
Charles C, Weaver, Jr.
John H, Westtrook
Alhert A. Wilkinson

1927 Albert Anderson

Wm. S. Anderson, Jr.
Charles G. Bennett
Harry Lee Bivens
Robert B. Bruton
John C. Burwell, Jr.
Clarence Ray Carpenter
Rhomes S. Eanes, Jr.
Hansen Lindsay Hester
Douglas L. Kelley
Charles A, Kirkpatrick
Wm. A. Lambeth
Clifton Brooke Mcintosh
Nathan C. Newbold (aliimnus)
William Von Eaton Sprinkle
James Nardin Truesdale
Robert Gregory Tattle, Jr.
Albert D. Waggoner

Omicron Delta Kappa-cont.
Year Memlaer

1928 Sidney Sherrill Aldennan

Henry Conner Bost

Fred G. Brumraitt
Coke Candler

Joseph T. Carruthers, Jr.
John Slwood Doxey
Reuben Harold Ellison
William Howard Ervin
Arthur Parker Harris, Jr.
Harry Exum Hoi lings worth
Jennings G-raham King
Listen Orlando Pope
William Stewart Rogers
Richa.rd Fred Roper
Richa,rd Elton Thigpen
John Melvin We^er

1929 William Carter Adams

Fred William Anders
Arthur Brown Bradsher
Thomas Franklin Culhreth
Dayton Rohert Dean
Robert Melvin Gantt
Carroll Gujonin

John Chisman Hanes
Henry Grady Hedrick
Roy Alexander Hunter
David Kelly Jackson, Jr.
Ernest Lafayette Jenkins
Vernie Okie Jcnes
Henry Evans Kistler
Charles Franklin Lambeth
Homer Luther Lippard
Charles H, Livengood
Emmett Kennedy McLarty, Jr.
Melvin A, Peeler
William H, Rousseau, Jr.
Joe Allen Savage
Thomas Spruill Thornton
George Andrew Warlick
Everett Broadus Weatherspoon
Charles Clinton Weaver
Bunyan Snipes Wombl»

.■;

Omicron Delta Kappa-cont.

Year
1930

1931

1932

1933

Memter

Lee Wyatt Cole
Lee Ferguson Davis
Paul Revere Ervin
Grady Craven Frank
fiotert G-. Hayes
James Sidney Heizer
George Clayton Hoopy
Cha.rles F. Honey cut t,

Jr.

Edward Emory Adkins
Philip McMahan Bolich
George Clifford Buchheit
William Patrick Farthing
John Jenkins Gajnhle
Samuel Paul Garner
Martin K, Green
Marcus E« Eobhs

D. A. Arnold (Secretary)
Charles Kilgo Bradsher
John Hubert Brownlee
Edwin M. Caldwell, Jr. (Pres,
James Bridgers Clark
Raymond Frank Coomhs
Henry Philpot Pulmer
George T, Harrell
William Bozeman Hicks
Edwin Clay Kellaxn
Lawson Beasley Knott, Jr.
Carl Raymond Lundgren
Edwin Lowell Mason, Jr.

Jerry Garrett Bray
Charles Pa^due Bunch
Fred Eugene Crawford
Merriraon Ouninggim
Arthur Manuel Ershler
Joseph W, Getzendanner
Claihorne B. Gregory (Treas.)
Horace J, Hendrickson
Oliver W, Home

Charles H, Livengood, Jr.
Joe W, Mann, Jr.
John Irvin Morgan, Jr.
Preston Brooks Moses
William D. IvhirrSy
Joseph Gaither Pratt
George Howard Rogers
Walter McGowan Upchurch, Jr,

Ralph Lindsay Howland
Edwin Bedford Jeffress
William Southgate Martin
James Mullen
John Dickinson Shaw
Edward G. Thomas
William Thompson To we

John De Lamar Minter (7. Pres.)
William R. Odell
ISicholas Orem, Jr.
) Gordon Gilbert Power (Treas.)
Bruce Steele Roxhy
Charles McCoy Short, Jr.
William Alexander Simon, Jr,
Frank Sizemore
Curtis Taylor Spence
James Lanius Stewart
Robert McNeal Vaughan
Walter Herbert Weathersppon
Herbert Alphonso Williams, Jr.

Edward C. Marshall

James Orin Otis, Jr. (V. Pres.)

Thomas Tinsley Rogers

Carl Frederick Schock

Philip Johnson Weaver

Albert Henry Werner

Glen Davis Williams

Leroy Sides (Pres.)

Omicron DeJ-ta Kappa-cont.

Year

Members

1934

1935

1936

1937

Williazn Apple
Charles David Beatty
J. Samiel Bell (Treas.)
Rebert Bird
William Miller Burke
E. B. Danlap, Jr.
McCarthy Hanger
Richard Herbert
Jack Heritage
Richard E. Kbhler
Horrasm B, Livengood
Reynolds May (V. $res.)

Jack Alexander

James Craig Braswell

Ernest Cruikshank

William Logan Huiskakp

Charles William Kunkle (^res.)

Jimmy McCall

Robert Charles Merving

Eugene Hyatt Moseburg (V.Pres.)

Wayne Harper Ambler (Pres.)

James A, Bistline

Fred N. Claaveland

James M. Daniel

Richard D, Jenkinson (V.Pres.)

John A, Kneipp

Lloyd Alfred Kraushaa*

James E, Lambeth, Jr.JTreas.)

Alan Mills ffeicQuarrie

John Daniel McConnell

Willard Phelps Barngey
Fred Charles Edwards
Danny R. Farrar
George Thomas Frampton (V.i^,)
Elmore Howard Hackney
Pleasant Huber Hanes, Jr.
James Crawford Little
Edward Gilbert Mathews

Donald McNeil
John Lynn Moorhead
Robert P. Nixon
Joseph S, Schieferly
Joseph Temple Shackford
Elmer fiarrall
Tyrus I. Wagner
Barhard T. Welsh
Barnard T. Weber
Sari J. Wentz flPres.)
Martin B. Williams

Peter Ernest Naktenis
Clifford Perry (Treas.)
Philip Mosley Russell
Bayard Hancock Storm
Bernard Ambrose Wagner
Zack Thomas
Frank Sizemore

Dean Manchester (Secy.)
Clarence McKay Parker
Edward Ernest Post, Jr.
John H. Small
William Pinckney Simmons
Charles Manning Smith
Tom Puller Southgate
Richard McCullo^^ Taliaferro
Herbert Jackson Upchurch
William Sggleston Woodruff

James Scott Montgomery (Pres.)

Geroge E. Patterson (

Kenneth Arthur Podger

Howard Clinton Ris

Arthur Blyth Rouse, Jr. (Treas.)

Thomas S. Ryon

Wm, B. Somerville

Year
1938

Omicron Delta Kappa-con t.

Hfifiber

Hussell Y. Cooke, Jr.

Richard W, Goode

Herbert C. Hudgins

Walter D. James

Richard C, Keane

Chester L. Lucas

Howard P. Mason (Pres.)

Garfield Miller

Clinton W. Morgan, Jr. (Treas,

Rohert J. O'Mara (V. Pres.)

Rohert M. Price

Philip A. Sniall

Eric G. Tipton

Denny D. Williams
Robert C. Wood
Russell Bergman
James B. Craven, Jr.
Roosevelt A. Der Tatevasian
Kendrick S. Few
Reid T, Holmes
W. Hill Hudson
)James McGiraesy, Jrl'
Wm. L, Rhodes, Jr.
Thomas P. Senff
Robert H, Van Voorhis

Jack K. Palmer (Pres

James Leckie

Addison P. Penfield

Dewy Doane

Harney P. Sloan

Edgar F. Bunce

R. Tim Brinn

Richard G. Connar

Curtis S. Jones

Andrew L. Ducker, Jr.

Ward D. Abbott

Ed, L. Fike

C. Frederick Kreiser

Lawrence H. Foster

Ellis ^. Baker, III

Charles H. Eolley

Richard P. Lewis

Robert Lester

Chas. W. Ramsey, Jr.

Robert F. Long

Wm. P. Parsons

Robert F. Moore

Thomas J, Hn.nlon (V,

Pres.)

Robert H. Moyer

Dan W. Hill, Jr.

Robert E. Perinovich

Robert C. Rice, Jr.

Tom D. Smart

jF. Walter Erich (Treas.)

Harold K Smith

Duncan Gray

Alex Winterson

President Vice-President

Secretary Treasurer

Andrew L. Ducker Charles H. Holley Dr. Manchester Harold K. Smith

Orchestra, Women's
(1928- )

Rachel Meetze

Accompanist- Betty Bogert

Mary Lalla Byrn Lois Shields
Librarian- Mary Magraw
Concertmaster- Betty Shuford

Lois Shields
Estella Beebe

Estella Beebe

Tear President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

Women ' s 0 rche s t ra-co nt .

Mildred Patterson Same

1937 Estella Bee'be

Librarians: Idelia Benson

tiarjorie McCreery

Betty Shuford
Idelia Benson

Jean Merkel
Josephine Brown

Mildred Patterson Same
Priscilla Gray Same

Fred Bratzel

Pan-American CluT)
(1933-1935)

Parthenon Cluh
(1916-1924)

Kate G. Umstead Mary L, Knight
Ina Vivian Young Annie T. Smith

Madge Nichols
Evelyn C, Reade

Etoile Young
Mary Knight

Hallie Baldwin Nellie Reade
Janie C, Chandler Hallie Baldwin

Evelyn Reade
Madge Nichols

Annie T, Smith
Iviyrtle Pri chard

riorine Lewter Leonora Aiken
Blanche Bar ringer Margaret Harvey
Allene Perrish Dixon Barrett
Dixon Barrett Agnes Judd

Elizabeth Craddock
Agnes Judd

Agnes Doub

Claire ITicliols

Dixon Barrett

Same

Penny Nichols

Katherine Brown

Agnes Doub

Imogene Barrett

Same

Velina Deyton

Same

Pegram Chemistry Club
(1920- )
(Chemist Club before 1920; about 1924-27
Absorbed Chemist Club and became
Pegram. )

Wm. Sloan

Talmage Peele

0. C, Burton

C. Hooker

Herbert Shankle

Robt.T. Dicker son Wm. Sellers

L, B. Par bee H. Humble

J, Richardson
T. A. Hathcock

Rollins
Evelyn Hancock
Rob't Dickerson

G, H, Osborne
0, E. Burton
J.M.A.deBruyne
C. H. Gray
R. T. Dickerson
Alex Smoot
L. B. Parbee
Estelle King

G. H. Osborne
Wm, Parmer

H. Shankle
Norman Peat field
Norman Peatfield
P. Palp

President

Yice-Presldent

Secretary

Treasurer

Pegram Chemistry Club-cont.

1931 2)Bill Miller
l)H. G. Leech

^ J. Miller

2) Mary P. Smith
Estelle King

1934 Philip Kirk Hermit Leitner

1935 Bill Brumbach John Atkinson

1936 John W. Atkinson Harry P. Pfann

1937 Harry P. Pfann James B. Thomas
2)01iver J. Purnell

Adam Gaddis

Va. Cox Ernest Wood

Dorothy Seymour Fred Andrews
0. J. Purnell Burton Appleford

2)Boyd Hudson

Mildred Patterson Boyd Hudson

1938 James B. Thomas

1939 Betty Conrad

1940 John French

Mildred Patterson Carol Conners
Paul Gross Gwyn Davis
Warren Irvin Ruth Stocksdale

Vernon Diheler

John. French.. , tc
Carl Deal

Pegram House
(1931- )

Kathryn IJhitmyre

Louise Sellars
Sylvia Hunsicker
Sue Powell
Paula Bassett
Helen Larzalere
Boc, Chm.- Nancy Peterson

Prances Brooks
Rosanna Brewer
Eae Rogers
Ellen Schrup

Dorothy Gray
Mary C. Forness
Mary C, Forness

Betty Parks

Beverly Kurtzmann
Bettina Bell Mary S. Dodge
Doris Medley Sarah Stuhhs
Pollyanne Ferguson Martha J. Phillips

R. T. Hamhrick
Wayne Burch
Wayne Burch
B.I.Satterfield
Hazel Thompson
R. E. Long

Person County Cluh
(Nov. 1919-1924 )

Wayne Burch Fred Long Same

B, I, Satterfield C. A. Harris Same

W. L. Bradsher B.I.Satterfield Same

W, L. Bradsher Blanche Hester Same

R. A. Burch R. B. Long Same

Willie B. Crowder R. A. Burch Same

Phi Beta Pi
(1931-1932)

Leslie V. Dill Jack B.McGolrick Frank R. Moore Oscar P. Moffitt, Jr.

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Phi Chi
(May 18, 1930- )

Charter memlDers:

1930
1931
1932
1933

1934
1935
1936
1937
1938

Pres. Sen.p H. P. Harris, Jr.

Presiding Sen,- Dan (rill

•• Jun.- Kenneth Welks

John Valentine, James Norwood, 0. Purnell Blackley,
Ernest Bruce Brooks, James P. Pagan, Wm. D. Fanner,
Wm. Nicholas Fortescue, Charles W. Hooker, Theodore
Roosevelt Keith, Marion Timothy Plyer, Bennette S.
Stephenson, Jr., Waller L. Taylor, Jr.

E. Bruce Brooks

Wm. Hoi torn

James R. Wilson

Wm. P. Kavanagh

Paul G. Reque

Vince Moseley

James M. Perry

James M. Van Hoy Gr, C. Bill

Roht. P. Miller C. W. Camalier

RoU. P. Miller J. S. Hiatt

1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1939

Phi Delta Phi
(1931- )

Sam G. Winstead Don. B. Mansfield Arthur H. Glanz J, Paul Coie

T. Spniill Thornton Wm. A. Mason

Wm. A. Mason
Nicholas Or em
Edwin 0. Kellam
Hale McCown
Fred C. Cady

Jos. M, Whitson
Porter Peteet
Alvin O.B.Moore
H, P. Leathers
Wm. P. Womhle

J, Chisman Hanes J. Paul Coie

Rht. ^. Seftks Byron A. Haworth

Alhert W. Kennon John M. Col ton

Hale McCown Russell L. Eiller

Fred C. Cady Arthur A. Brooks, Jr,

T. C. Cleveland Chas. H. Giths

Johnson J. Hayes, Jr,

Phi Delta Theta (N. C. Alpha)
(1878&1926- )
Charter revoked in June 1879; May 20, 1926
local chapter of Epsilon Alphii Sigma
granted new Phi Delta Theta
charter.

Charter members: G. M. Bulla, Philemon Holland, Jr., E. L. White,
W. N. Rohhins. (1878)
Martin L. Black, Jr. (1926)

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Phi Dejta Theta-cont.

1930
1931

George C. Hoopy
L. P. Davis

1
1932

Liston Pope
Liston Pope
Rohert Ricks

Geo. Ewell
Geo. Ewell
Kenneth Long

1933

J. A. McLean
Philip J. Weaver

Kenneth Long
Lyne Few

Philip J. Weaver Lyne Pew : ff
Richard Herlaert Edgar Everhart

E. B. Dunlap
Dan B. Schaeffer
Prank Sizemore

J. E. McNairy
Hoover Taft
Ken. Long
Elbert Wallace
Prank Stith

Chas, Rupp
J.Alex, vielean
J. Ilex, McLean
J, A, McLean
J. A, McLean

Prank Stith Saxnael Bell
Robert S. Wiggins Samuel Bell
replaced by

W. E. Woodruff

Wm. E, Woodruff Samiel Bell
Wm. Woodruff Wilson Everliart

W. E. Woodruff
Wm. Womble

Wilson Everhart
Clifford Perry-

Robert 01 Boeker Bill Smoot Wm. L, Lampe

Pred Edwards Stephen Van Lill Bob Doyle

Herman Rumsey Robt. J. Everett Suy Berner

John J. McNeilly Robt. B. Kabek Robt. E. Bunn

Penrose M. Davis Wm. C. Mickleberry Robt, B. Kubek

Albert G, Jacobs
Wm. Lampe
Converse Kelly
Converse B. Kelly
James P. Baker

Prank Woolsey
Wm. P. Womble
Preston Webster
Kendrick S. Pew
Robt. Albright
John E, Wright
Alex McMahon
Mac White

Phi Eta Sigma
(May 6, 1933- )

Launce Plemister
Robert C. Wood

Chas. Landreth
Geo. Dorsey
Richard G. Connar
Wm. Smith
Heniy Bopp

John R. Black Ernest Wood
Lee Arnold John L,. Pisher
Vic. T. Boatwright Prank Dennis
Robt. H. Van Voorhis Chris. Webster
Prank Bone Davenport Guerry
Robt. At well Robt. H. Moyer
Bob Wolfe John Dajiiel
Harry Treleaven Dan Mosely

Phi Kappa Psi (Alpha- chapter)
(llov. 10, 1934- )

Charter Members:

Robert T. Dickerson, 0, B, Newton, Jr., Joseph S,
Shieferly, Jr., Robert C. Wade, Chas. W. Zehider,
Theo. P. H, Boepple, James B. Allardice, Homer H,
Haydock, Harry Wright, Jr., ^ssell J. Forrest,
Caleb Van Wyck Smith, Jr., Harry B. Carmen, Jr.,
Donald A. Stewatt, John S. Rose, Lawrence L. Gent,
James Edward Henry, Howard R. Getz, Albro Sumner
Travis, Chas. T. St. Clair, Jr., Edwin W. Smith,
David G. Watson, Chas. S. Dale, Jr., Richard P.

Jr.,

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Phi Kappa Psi-ccnt,

Charter members (cont^: Bellaire, Charles H. Baker, Jr., Richard
L, Beazley, Frederick R. Lauther, William A,
Boepple, Howard Eastwood, Jr., Richard D.
Jenkinson, Jr., (Jeorrge R. Bailey, III, Henry H.
Dils, Jr., Lloyd Russell Ranson, Robert S. Rankin,

C. Shelby Dale Richs.rd Beazley Henry Dils
Howard Eastwood, Jr. Richkrd.D.Jenkihsoh'Rcd-,

A. L, Anderson
Cor.-
Q-eo. P. Snyder

Edwin W, Smith
Norman L. Wherrett

Richard L. Beaziey G-. R. 2ail6y
Norman Wherrett Con Sheehan

Chester L. Lucas Norman L. Wherrett

Ecdg.-

A.C.Wooddy

Paul Bransford
Assist. -

David Bew

Dorman Ingraham John MacLauclan

Rec-

Blkins Read
Cor.-

Fred Eastwood

Dick Johantgen

Rich, P. Johantgen Ira F, Jackson
Ralph H, Bastien Gene C, Vidal

Chas. DeLancey
Tom P. Freeman

James Moody

^. R, Habbersett

Sherwood Wilson Chas. Dovey, Jr. James T. Rague Robt. G. Hunter
Thomas J. Murray Walton Rich Rcdg. Secy- Clark Walter, Jr.

Edgar J. Oliver
Corr.-

W. Emory Plaster

Norman W. Van Nostrand-Ed. S. Miller Corr.p Fred. P. Moore

Robt. Or, Hunter

Merril L. Hassel Robt. H. Van Voorhis Corr.- L. H. Nath
Ed, K. Schlear James L. Halsema

Rcdg. Secy-
Elmer T. Gale

Harold Pray

Robt. Van Voorhis Douglas Tischler-c F. Walter Erich

James J. He.lsana-r

F.vW^lter- Erich Qy-stav F:i Fotssell Ralph Sheals Faison C. Jordan
Donald C. kussell Chas. W. Hanson Henry S. Wentz Howard F. Carson, Jr,

President

Vice-Resident

Secretary

Treasurer

Phi Mu (G-amma Epsilon chapter)
(Nov. 10, 1934- )

Chatter raemhere;

(rwendolyn Clark, Claire Clarke, Ellen Pamdiji,
Ruljy Flanagan, Va. Johnson, Rachael Meetze,
Jean Molyneaux, Emily Wilford, Jean McCowan,
Evelyn Mclntyre, Mary Kfulford, Sara Price,
Marion Roe, Rachael Sink, Elizabeth Suttoh.

Emily Wilford
Va. Johnson
Claire Clark
Va. Fulton

Rachel Meetze

Ellen Farnum

Betty Stowell

Historian-
Heten Smith

Regist rat-
Dorothy Miller

Betty A. Stowell Margaret Molloy
Betty Marshall

Jeanne Moreton
Leone Parrot t

Sue -"^arrett

Martha Down
Betsy Morrison
Norene Harper

Betsy Morrison

Va. Johnson
Evelyn Mclntyre

Rachel Sink
Rachel Sinfe
Doris MacKutt

Mary Tice

Dorothy Miller

Mary Weller Carolyn Wichum
Helen Armstrong Edwina Sundholm

Ann Hersey

Lee Bendall

Phi Sigma
(Mar. 4, 1926- )

Charter memhers:

Dr. B, Cunningham, Dr. H. L. Blomqaist, N. P.
Wilkerson, J. B. Baynes, E. W. Britt, N. B.
Buffaloe, L. T. Heffner, Gecrrge Holmes, L. E,
Jarre tt, S. S, Jenkins, Wm. Mattheson, L, S,
Thompson, J. L, Wierda, Miss No la Jane Gentry,
Miss Alice Herman, Miss Frances Holmes, Miss
Maude Hunter, Miss Edith Rigshee, Miss Verdie
Snyder, Miss Dorothy Wilson, Miss Voris Matheny,

Leslie S. Thompso
Leslie S. Thompso
W.A.Ellison, Jr.
'17. A. Jenkins
Donsild;Pacd'
L. C. Chesley
L. C. Chesley
Sam Tipton
C. G, Bookhout
J. F. Reed
John £. Rankin '
J. Woodrow Wilson
Chas. Wilson

n Louis E, Jarrett
n Wm. A. Ellison,
W. A. Jenkins
Sophie Dehler
. Bell
Zoe Carroll
T.L.McCulloch
D. A. Latham
R. Harkeraa
R. Harkema
J. Woodrow Wilson
Wm. R. Boggess
Jos. McDermott

Alice Herman
Voris A. Matheny
Voris A, Matheny
Voris A. Matheny
Leon Chesley
T.L.McCulloch
Sam Tipton
L.E.Anderson
K. C. Kates
Helen Spangler
Helen Spangler
Sarah B, Culhreth
Rose Kueffner

G. W. Holmes
Norman B. Buffaloe
Dean W. Rumhold
Harold M. Heflen
Spivey
H. F. Williams
C. W. Hooker
C.G. Bookhout
Helen Butts
B. B. Brandt
Wilhur H. Duncan
Wilhur H. Duncan
Edyth Hull

• • (

Year President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

Phi Sigma Delta (Chi chapter)
(March 9. 1929-1935)

1935 John Hammer

Seymour Van Wiemokly-Irving Dein Same

1915
1916

Phonographers' Cluh
(1915-1917)

J. Elmer Van Hook R, L. Fisher
A, J. Hohhs, Jr. Wesley Taylor

Lucile BullarcL Carrie B. Craig
Lucille Ballard R. L. Pisher

Physics Club
(1890- )

Jesse James

Prof. C. W. Edwards

C. W. Edwards

James H, Coman

W. A. Ellison.Jr. Speigh6 Barnes

Paul C. Gurley

J. N. Grant Eliz. Churchill

Bedford Love, Jr.

M. A. Smith

J. E. Smith Same

P. S. Scarhoro Same

Nancy Kirkman Same

Alton B. Gihson Sajne

D, R. Noland Same

Pi Beta Phi (N. C. Beta)
(Feb. 17, 1933- )
(Mu Lambda- 1928-1930)
Charter members: (Mu Lambda-1928) Rada Poston, Pearl Anderson,
Pauline Tilley, Ola Simpson, Clyde Allison,
Ruth Martin, Pitsy McKay, and Laura Seeley,

(l!bi Lambda)
Clyde Allison
Clyde Allison
Betty Young

(Pi Beta Phi)
Courtney Crowder
Denzil Langston
Margaret Humbert
Helen Larzalere

Laura Seeley

Ruth For lines
Mary Reed
Priscilla Smith
Ruth Rea

Lauifta Seeley Patsy Mckay
Laura Seeley Patsy McKay
Kathleen Holloway

Denzil Langston Elvira Burleigh'.
Red-r Prances Wise Srarlu Strickland
Ruth Michler Evelyn Newton
Rcdg- Anna Boyd Helen Smith
Corr- Jane East

Ruth Michler
Rath Hermann

Win, Greenwood
Beverly Kurtzmann

Beverly Kurtzmann Helen P. Smith
Martha Williams Kate Schmidt
Cor- Jane Killey

Year President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

1938 Doris Medley

1939 Carol Wagner

1940 Kay Lynclx

Pi Beta Phi-cont,

Dorothy Henry Rec. -Dorothy Stone Eliz, Ailen

Cor, -Kay Lunch

Berthan Southwick Rec.p 1'te.rtha Wall

Predrica Gardiner
Corr.-
Sarah Andrews

Freddie Gardiner Rec.- Lee Johnston

Ginny Connar
Cor.-
Martha Wall

Pi Epsilon Pi
(Nov. 12, 1926- )

Charter Memhers: George Ashford, Lawrence Beall, Wilhur Putterell,
William Hamlin, Harold Hayes, A. JJ Hughes, Alton
Price, Owen Sutton, Sam Wrenn,

Larry L. Gent John S. Ross Rcdg Secy- Howard Getz

Albert Anderson
Corr Secy-
Geo. Snyder

Norman W, Van Nostrand, E, S.L.Miller, Corr Secy- Pred. P. Moore

Rohert G. Hunter

Pi Kappa Alpha
(1901- )

Charter members: Edward 0. Smithdeal, Eli W. Cranford, John
Dallas Langston, Charles D. Egerton.

Roht, Matthews

Henry L. Harris

Robt. F. Hall

Russell Cooke, Jr. Troy Ferguson, Jr.

James McGimsdy Geo, Rgy

Clyde M. Clapp Wilfred Thornton Henry Harris

Wilfred H. Thornton Eugene Bailey Brooks L'cEl wrath

Warner Hutchinson Geo, Ray Brooks J.lcElwrath

Joseph Scott Ollie Troux

ReC.- Curtis Kingsberry

Murray Ly brook
Cor.-
William Ade

Eugene G, Wilson John D, Browning
Robt. H, Lineberger Ed. J. DoAaell .

James I. Morningstar Wm. H. Bane
Chas. J. Patterson Frank Taylor

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Pi (xanima Ma
(Jan. 12, 1933)

Dr. Kenneth Clark Dr. J, S. Bradway Dr. E. T. Thompson Same

Pi Kappa Phi (Ma chapter)
(May 6. 1915- )

Charter memhersi Carl Prank Banting, Arthur Rassel Council, Emmet
Fitzgerald Gill, Dewey Cecil Kickman, Earl Long,
Leon Outhhert Richardson, Bernice Owen Rigshee,
James Balph Rone, Prank ffet thews Lawner, Thomas
Jo whoa Swain,

Joe Timherlake
John Watson
Joseph Pell, Jr.
Historian- J. B. Pord

Lake Williams Brace Wyman
Chaplain- Guy Elder

John H. Purlong Les Williams
Roy W. •^'orrester
Historian- Chs.rles H. Taylor

A, Headen Bynum, Jr.

T. C. Cleveland Jerry Marion

Wm. H. Palmer Nelson R. Jantzen

Chas. W. Shaff.III Nelson Jantzen

Ed Smith

Jack Shackleton Jack Watson
John A. Beck E. S. DeLaney

Charles Taylor E, S. Delaney

Pi Ma Epsilon (N. C, Alpha)
(Aug. 23, 1938- )

Charter members: W. W, Elliott, W. W. Rankin, Julia Dale, A. 0.
Hickaon, E. R, C. Miles, J. M. Thomas, K. B,
Patterson, P. S. Aldrfeflge, E, P. Canaday, J. G.
Carroll, K. T. Raynor, E. R. Elliott, B. A.
Williams, D, M. Arnold, P. G. Dressel, Joseph A.
Greenwood, Dorothy Crook, Alice Batten, Henry A.
Wynn, Mahel Griffin, Ruth Stokes, 0. B. Ader,
Henry ^*. Monyer, G. W. McDowell, J. Gran McAllister,
M. W. Hock, Blizaheth Clarke, Charles E. Stuart,
Merle Higgins, A, H. Werner, William Karpinsky,
Kenneth Kni^t, J. R. Kornegay, Mary Kapp.

Gertrude Fletcher Albert H. Werner
Librarian- Eleanor Matfdaam
Pac. JLdv.- Dr. John H. Roberts

Kenneth T. Knight Henry Wynn

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Pi Mai Epsilon-cont,

J. V. Bernardo
Eugene Srabbe
Edwin Schaeffer
Charles R. Vail
Harold L. Flowers
Willis S. Beckel
Ann Livermore
Thomas Reynolds

Blaine R. Harkness John Lennox

Elma Black
E. Roht. Scattergood Colton Somers

Lee Arnold
Fred. C. Xrieser
T. John Byrum
Robt, Murdick

Roht. l^^rdick

Mary J. Stallcup
Patria Gihson
Soht. C. Rand
Marion Willman
Marian Willman

Eleanor Markham
Walter Howland
R. W. Cummings.
Fred. Jackson
Walter Pons
Anne Livemiore
Brace "Tut an
Bruce L, Tatan

Pitt County Club
(Nov. 1919-1926)

S. T, Carson.Jr. L, W. Smith Doris Overton

W, J. Bandy Elisha J. Worsley Annie Higgs

L, F. Mumford J. E. Coltrane S. D. Bandy

W. L. Brown S, D. Bundy S. F. Barrow

Same

G. W. Roehack

Same

Poetry Club
Sidney Stavall Bettilu Porterfield

Polity Club
(1928-1935)
1937-

1931 George Vick

1932 Robert Vaughan

1933 James A. Mustard

1934 Kathryn Kiker

1935 John Webb

1937 Francis 0. Braymard

1938 Francis Oi Braynard

1939 Joe Talley, Jr. Geo. Cole, Jr.

1940 Andrew Backer Harvey Link

Josephine Glass
Jackson Viol
Audrey Speicher

Va. Dillon
Hazel Emery
Sara L, Palls
Doris K. Hartman
Doris X, Hartman
Clatibel Gee
Josephine Bailey

M. Eugene Hewsom

Jack Heritage

Hugh Page, Jr.

Same

Floyd Souders

Frank Taylor

1937
1938

1939
1940

Silliam Kesbitt
Clinton Morgan

Pre-Medical Society
(March 1937- )

Paul Brans ford
John Glasson

Bill Eagle

Wm. H. Davis, Jr., Stan Rogers

Clinton Morgan John GlasBon
Rec.-K. Thompson James McGirasey
Cor.-Maxine Perdue

Priscilla Gray Robt. Atwell

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Chatter members:

1935
1936

1937
1938

Huth Phillips
Paula Bassett
Bess Laing
Jane Love
Frances Brooks

Presidents' Club
(1935-1938)
Reorganized April 4

Margaret White, Bess Laing, Ruth Phillips,
t/iartha Bailey, Jane Haislip, Paula Bassett,
Katherine White, Clary Peoples, Dallas Knight,
Louise Warren, Mary Elizabeth Henderson, Sara
Louise Falls, Helen Larzelere, Virginia Winfree,
Emmy Lou Morton, Jane Lins, Betty Halseraa, Ellen
Famum, Sue Hardy, Gladys ^ouder, Dorothy Davis,
Annie Laurie Newsom, Alma Hull, Margaret Ounninggin,
June Langfitt, Inez Abernatny, Gwen 3line, Margery
ViThite, Isobel Shriner, Ida Sha* Applewhite, Mary
Alice Rhodes, Audrey Spiecher, Nancy Hudson, Helen
Cleaver, Rachel Meetze, Josephine Eaby, Lucille
Butler, Prances Lewis,

Ida S, Applewhite Emmie L. Morton
Prances Brooks

Ruth Mickler

Gretchen Elmiger Countess Tabor

1905 W. N. Hoffman
1910 L. I. Jaffe
1912 H. A, Dennis

Press Association
(1904-1910)

C. T. Hancock
R. D. Korner

D, B. Brown

T. M. Stokes Same
J, A. Rand Same
R. B, Murray

Charter members:

Psl Delta Sigma
Pounded: 1927
Succeeded by Sigma Alpha
Epsilon: Feb. 20, 1931.

Samuel F. Nicks, Jr., H. Marvin Sherard,
Nelson Ireland, Jrl, Jordan James Sullivan,
Haywood E. Lynch, Charles G. Biggs, Donald
R. Lumpkin, Carl H. Lutz, Wade H. Myers,
R. W. Lamm, C. Brian Aycock.

1912

Quill Cljib
(1912-1918)

Henry A. Dennis Frank 3. Brown Robert B. lAirray

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Red Friars
(1913- )

Charter members: Don R. Kirkman, Henry L. Wilson, Leonard B. Hurley,
Guiho Suiter, Reid Ray, Colton Godfrey, George G.
Johnson,

Member

G. W. H. Britt

W. L. Perrell, Jr.

J. J, Hamhrick

J. W. Lambeth

C. P. Matton
W. R. Shelton
A. W. Wilson

J. S. Anderson

J, H. Burrus

J. 0. Durham

W. H. Powell

J. H. Ruff
J. R. Smith
T. R, Summers

J. B. LflcCullen
C. C, Alexander
S. P. C. Graft
R. W. Bradshaw

A. L. Carver
R. T. Hambrick
G. B. Powell

M. A, Braswell

K. M. Brim

J. E. Gilbreath

J. P, Thomas

J. H. Harrison
G. M. Ivey
M. B. Loftin

1923

1924

W. L. Chandler
H. P. Cole
C. C. Cornwall
L. M. Draper

J. M. Barrett
T. B. Crawford, Jr.
Herbert J. Herring
R. C. Leach

B. B. Harrison
T. G. Heal
J. L. Jackson
H. C. Sprinkle, Jr.

G. V. Allen
J. B. Harris
J, D. Secrest
James R. Simpson

W. S. Barnes

W. R. Brown

J, E. Dempster

J, J. Parriss

J. D, Lewis
C. H. Moser
R. S. White

T. A. Banks
Fred Polger
J. D. Johnson, Jr.

W. T. Huck8.be e

W. H. Lander

J. G. Pennington

R, W. Spencer
L, E. Spikes
A. W. Stamey

W. A. Kale
M. I. Pickens

P. M. Warner

Red Friars-cont.

Year Member

1925 W. S. Blakeney, Jr.
G. B. Caldwell, Jr.
E. L. Cannon
George P. Harris

1926 James E. Tliompson
Furman G. McLarty
W. A. Biggs

J. M. Atkins

1927 C. G. Bennett
H. L. Bivens

C. Ray Carpenter
James N, Truesdale

H, B, Johnson

C. W. Porter

J. H. Wesfbrook, Jr.

D. E. Kirfcpatrick
T. S. Shinn
T. E. Wagg

R, G. Tattle
C. C. Weaver
H. L. Hester

Joe Carrathers
Listen Pope
Coke Candler
Amos Johnson

John Weber
Fred Brummitt
Harold Ellison

Dayton R. Dean
Chisman ganes
William Werber
Henry Kistler

Everett Weatherspoon
Fred Anders
Joe Savage

W, M. Upchurch, Jr.

W, D, Murray

Charles P. Honey cut t, Jr,

G, H, Rogers

J, I, Morgan, Jr,

J. S. Heizer

C. H, Livengood, Jr,

James Mullen
Philip Bolich
Martin Green
John Shaw

Pierce Brewer

Edward Thomas
William P. Farthing

Raymond Lundgren
John Minter
Lowell Mason
John Brownlee

Edwin Caldwell, Jr.
Gordon Power
James Stewart

Joe Shackford
Gordon Townley
Carl S chock
Jeriy Bray

i'lorman B. Livengood
Bayard Storm
John Moorhead
Elmer Tarrall

Eugene Newsom
Leroy Sides
Horace Hendrickson

Sam Bell

Don McNeil
E. B. Dunlap,

Jr,

Red Friars-cont.

Member

1935 Roy Zack Thomas
Charles Kunkle
Frank J. Sizemore

m Hyatt Mosshurg

1936 Fred N. Cleaveland
John A, Kneipp
Clarence Parker

I William P. Simmons

Jimmy McCall
Jim Johnston
William Huiskamp

Tom P. SoTjthgate
Richard M. Taliaferro
Herhert J. Upchurch

1938 Gar Miller

Rohert O'Mara
Richard Go ode
Howard Mason

Denny Williams
Eric Tipton
Dick Lewis

1939 Addison Penfield
Tom Hanlon
Dancan Gray
Allen Johnson

Jack Palmer
Boh Rice
Tim Br inn

198G Richard Connar
3dward Pike
Andrew Dacker
Rohert Lester

1941 Alex McMahon

Paul Barrinfeer
Louis Casvels
William Smith

1937 William Courtney
Woodrow Lipscomh
E, Gilhert Mathews
J. Scott Montgomery

Alex Winterson
Rohert Moyer
Jack Orr

Rohert Sanderson
Hohert Barnett
Larry Blanchard

Arthur B. Rouse

Thomas S. Ryon

T. Preston Wehster

Religious Drama Guild
(1933- )

1933 J. Phillips

1940 W. L. Freeman Sidney Boone
Bus. Mgr.- Brooks Patten

T. D. Everett

Same

Tear

President

Vice-Pre s i den t

Secretary

Treasurer

Riding Club
(1923- )

1937
1938

Ann Dives
Ann Dives

Rath Manville

Laurette Eyon Pat Patrick

1939

Rifle and Pistol Club
(1939- )

Phil Mitchell Edward Walter

Robert E, Mitchell Herbert Carr

Robeson

County Club

(1911-1921)

1911

McKinnon

T. P.

Pace

Stuart

Same

1912

Pace ,

W. M.

Edens

Pine

Same

1913

hompson

J. J.

Pine

Edens

Same

1920

Merritt

c. s.

Hammon

Mary

L. Norment

Same

Rutherford College Club
(1911-1927)

1911

W. F. S tames

B. L. Secrest

J. W. Bennett

Same

1912

W. F. Starnes

H. E. Myers

P. McL. Sherrill

Same

1913

H. E. Myers

B, L. Smith

I. T. Poole

Same

Club R.-.

1914

B, L. Smith
Club Rep.- W.

L. H. McNeely
F. Hendley

G. N. Earnhartt

Same

1915

B. L. Smith

Creor>;c: -:?.rnl-:artt

George Earnhartt

Same

1915

P. M. Phillips,

Jr. John Cline

L. H. McUeely

I. L.

Shaver

1918

Claude Moser

L. H. McNeely

H. B. Higgins

R. J.

Tysor

1922

M, G. Earvin

W. E. Hauss

W. R. Kelly

Seme

1928

R. B. Martin

R. M. Stafford

Mary Sherriil

H. M.

Wellman

1925

S. E. Wright

M, A, Lewis

1926

D. D. Holt

J. W, Varner

Sampson County Club
(1925-1927)

W, Alexander

Same

1925

J, D. Johnson

Garland Vann

Wixie

Parker

1926

James Hunter

v^ ..fc

Hazel Johnson

Same

Year

President

Yice-President

Sandals
(May 1932- )

Secretary

Treasurer

1932

Mary N. White

1933

Helen Gray

Jean Burd

Same

1934

Edith Snook

Alma Lloyd Hanson

Same

1935

Helen Cleaver

Margaret Price

Same

1936

Clarinda Jackson

Marie Pedeflous

Jean Wallace

Same

1937

Rosanna Brewer

1938

Mildred Kiorehead

Eliz, Gregory

Xathryn Bender

Same

1939

Beth Shaw

Ann O'P^urk

Rosemary Stood

Mary Co Iyer

1940

Anne Moore

Helen Brinson

Molly Webster

Va. Eoodhody

Sandfiddlers' Cluh

(1913-1926)

1913

J, H, Duncan

0. R. Bagley

Cora Wescott

T. J. Swain

1914

J. E. Davenpor*

T. J. Swain

Cora Wescott

B. W. Evans

1915

B. B. Jones

H. G. Swan

J. P. Lewder

C. P. Bunting

1918

E. F. Donstan

Lucille Merritt

G. W. IMrphy

1919

J. D. Lewis

Tina Pussell

W. P. ^hx3rphy,Jr.

1920

W. J. Eundy

Tina Pussell

T. A, Morse

R. E. Thigpen

1921

Carl G. ICnox

S. L. Lane

Madge Cavenaiagh

Marvin L. Wilson

1922

L, B, Wynne

H. M. Williams

W. J. Bullock

Same

1923

W. J. Ballock

J. E. Midgett

Mclva Jennet t

L. q,, liumford

1924

J. E. Midgett

L. Q. M\ixnford

Eliza Foscue

S, D. Eundgri-

1925

A. H. Young

S. D. Bundy

Same

School of Religion Association
(1928- )

1936 M. C. Wilkerson H, E. Lewis

1937 Ployd Patterson Percy White

1938 Julian Lindsey

1939 Key W. Taylor J. Claude Evans

1940 Dana Dawson, Jr. Roht, H. Stamey

J. H. Past
Ewart Watts

E. S. Gruner
Carlyle Miller

Donald M. MacKay Wade R. Bustle
Roht. A. Vaughan Dona.ld M. Ua.c'ksij

Science Cluh

•

(Sept. 1898-1920)

•

1905

Julian Blanchard

1906

C. E. Markham

J. P. McGhee

1907

Rohert S. Brown

W. A. Stanhury

Same

1908

W. B. Kiker

W. M, Marr

Same

1909

W. M. Marr

P. J. Johnson

Same

1910

P. J. Johnson

M. A. Smith, Jr.

Same

1911

W. M. Marr

M. A. Smith, Jr.

Same

1912

H. P. Taylor

T. P. Pace

Same

Tear President

Vice-President

Secretary-

Treasurer

Science Clu"b-ccnt,

1913 W. H. Hall

1914 8. C. Bellinger

1915 J. H. Coman

1916 E. N. Wilson

1917 Prof. R. N. Wilson

1918 Dr. C. W. Peppier

1919 Dr. A. M. Gates

S, S. Jenkins Same

J, W. Harbinson Same

G. W. Ear ley Same

P. H, Yarbo rough Same

James H, Coman Same

R. W. Bradshaw C. C. Alexander

Eugene Chesson A. S. Barnes, Jr.

Scientific Club
(Oct. 29, 1889- )

Charter members: Prof. J. M. Bandy, R. L. Davis, R. A. Myric,
G. F. Ivey, J. H.. Lamb, C. T. Harris, W. P.
Black, J. S. Schoonover.

1889 J. M. Bandy

R. L. Davis

R. A. Myric

G. P. Ivey

Scrub Faculty
(1921-1922)

1920 , James G. Leyburn Dean-W.A.Ellison A. Rosenstein

Same

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (N. C, Nu)
(Feb. 20, 1931- )

Charter members: -(Psi Delta Sigma) Samuel Freeman Nicks, Jr.;

H. Marvin Sherard; Nelson Ireland, Jr.; Jordan
James Sullivan; Haywood E, Lynch; Charles Grayson
Biggs; Donald R. L^impkin; Earl H. Lutz; Wade H.
Myers; H. W. Lamm; and C. Brian Ay cock.
-(N. C. Nu) W, K. Andrews; G. M. Eetz; 0. C.
Blaclanon, Jr.; C. W. Cambell; Rawlins Coffman;
C. C. Crouch; R. E. Daniels; A. G. Day; W. A. Day;
C. C, Derrick; I. H. Elmore; A. 0. 3amble; J. J.
Gamble; S, p. Garner; W. R. Gordon; J. L. Judd;
G. A. Kuttinen; R, W. Lamm; A. R. Lewis; E. W. Lipe;
J. F. Long, III; J. J. Mathews; J. E. Miller; W. J.
McAnally, Jr.; A. B. Narbeth; S. F.Nicks, Jr.; H. M.
Sherard, Jr.; R. 0. Starnes; J. P. Taylor; Thomas
Thomas, Jr.; J. L. Tucker; R. B. Walker; M. W. Warren;
^» J. Watts, Jr.; and J. J. Zimmerman,

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Sigma Alpha Epsilon-cont,

1932

1933

1936

John J. Gramhle

Wm. R, Gordon

John J. Bam'ble
Wm, R. Gordon

John P» Long
Geo. M, Betz

John B. Cox Hoht. P. Dancan
Chas. C. Derrick Samuel S. DuPuy

Fred Lloyd Ellison Ruhy

Wm. Klove Raymond Laird
J. Roland Goode Jack Alexander

Fred K, Cleaveland John L. Fisher
Geo, E, Patterson R, L. Baldidn

Hoht. B. Walker Conrad Crouch

Robert B. Walker Lewis C. Branscomh Hoyden E, Daniels
Jon L. Long Richard B, Haskell Royden B. Daniels

Geo. M, Betz Richard B. Haskell Elbert J, Myers
Richard B. Haskell Wm. A. Pankey Elbert J. Myers

1937

John Pl-umb

Ray Sparks

1938

John T. Caskey

Arch H. Dawson

1940

Geo. F. Bigham

John P. Collins

Sanniel S. DuPuy Jackson U, Viol
Wm. N. Klone J. M. Viol

Rcdg-Geo. Ward James Dearborn
Corr-R.W.Px)berts

Rcdg-J. L. Fisher John Hennemier
J. A. Dearborn John Hennemier

Corr-R. W.Roberts
R.W.Robirts

Rcdg-Robt, L. Nicks John J. Pltunb
A. R. Long John J, Plxunb

Corr-C. F. Turner
C. F. Turner

Rcdg-'Cbas. DeVoe Daniel Farrar
Corr-Don. White

Thos. J, Hanlon Fred Strickland
Corr-Lee Schaedt

John A, Yarbo rough Carl D. Newton

Sigma Alpha Omega
(1928- )
Succeeded hy Phi Kappa Sigma

Charter members; Wm. B. Culbreth, Harry W. Dc-vis, Ralph W. Fonville,
Wm, H. Harrison, Jr., Wm. C; House, Linville E.
Midgette, J. B. Oliver, Lester A. Smith, Fred J.
Welch,

Sigma Chi (Beta Lambda chapter)

(1912- )
Grew from Mu Kappa Klan,

Charter members: Ed. C. McClees, Claude Bennett, Thomas P. Pace,

Harvey W;: Turnage, Wm. W, Hutton, Oscar B. Dardon,
Paul H. North, Hubert M. Radcliff, Don R. Kirtanan;
Marvin C. Terrell, Daniel W. Maddox, James Cannon,

100

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Sigma Chi-contl

Charter memliers (cont): John Thos. Moon, Jr., John M, Thompson,
Fred W. Terrell, Robert L. Towe, Jtmnius H,
Rose, Alexander M. Benner, Walter G. Sheppard,
Ben H. Houston,, Jr.

1934 Rohert Keown Wra. Pace

1935 Chas. Kunkle Pred. R. Keater

1936 Roht. C. Gillander John C. Ardolino

1937 Leon Q^iick Roht, Stevens

1938 Roht. J. O'Mara Roht. Lamh

1939 James S, Bowman Roht, P. Jones

1940 Wm. W, Pergusson Barney L. Jdaes

Qunther Ihbeken
H, Grady Hardin
Chas. D. Wenrich
Tom Bowman
Robt. Lohman
James T. Allison

Ross Cameron
C. Edrnund Wunder
Chas. C. Stauffer
Howard Ris
James Lecki6
Jack Thomas

M. Clark Silverthorpe R. T. Stephens

Sigma Delta Pi
(1936- )

Charter members: Christine Harris, lAargaret Waldrep, fergaret Taylor,
Margaret Ellis, Clark Walter, Paul Paredes.

1935 Christine Harris

1936 Paul Paredes

1937 Bill J. Williams

1938 Bill J. Williams

1939 Doris Eartman

Paul Paredes
Roger Wall
Wilsie Bussell
Wilsie Bissell
Gustav Porssell

Margaret Ellis5 Same

Lupe de Osma Johnson Marg. Ellis

Lupe de Osma Johnson Vivian Rieger

Vivian Rieger Same

Maude Kelley Same

1931

1932

1933

1934
1935

1936

Sigma Kappa (Alpha Pai chapter)
(Jan. 4, 1931- )

Cha.rter members: Sarah Ownbey, Frances Rowe, Flora Crews Best,
Angela Whitney, Ida Pearl Eatman,

1930 Sara Ownbey
Sara Ownbey

Rebecca Royal
Rebecca Royal

Eliz. Thompson Evelyn Adams
Evelyn Adams Eliz. Owens
Mildred Gehman Dallas Knight

Eliz. Davidson Flora C. Best
Becg- Prances Rowe

Flora C. Best Alma. Darby
Cor-Mary F. Smith

Rcd^-Eleanor Markham Eliz, Owens
Corr-Va. Winfree

Rcdg-E. Markham Dorothy Wikoff
Corr-Va. Winfree

Va. Winfree

Florence Heinley

Josephine Ea^ Charlotte ivlarkhara Rcdg-Helen Holly Mary Bender

Corr-E. Huntington

E. Huntington Charlotte Markham Rcdg-Helen Holly Maiy Bender

Corr-Va. Patrick

101

Tear President

Vice-President Secretary

Treasurer

1937

Sigma Kappa-cont,
Va. Peitrick Mary Bender

1938 Betty Koehnlian Eileen Schiffer

1939 Maggie Jones

Eileen Schiffer

1940 Helen Rorabaxigh Joan Bender

Rec-Euth Simmons Betty Koehnlein
Cor-Martha Pace

Borr-E, Rescorla Maggie Jones
Rdg-Ruth Simmons Asst.-B, Mowry

Rec-Bar'bara Mai Her Betty Mowry
Cor-Joy Cann

Rec-Jean Snyder Page Thacker
Cor-Lelia Lawrence

Sigma Nu (G-amma chapter)
(Uov. 21, 1931- )

Chatter members: Claire T. Crenshaw, Donald P. Marion, Henry P.
Richards, William F. Reed, Richard A. Broherg,
William S, Martin, John C. Long, Jr., Philip L.
Franklin, Donald W, Miller, Ames W. Williams.

1931 Claire T. Crenshaw

1934 Stuart BgVille Geo. Speicher

1935 John Moss

1936 Wm. P. Simmons

1937 D. Davidson Hill

1938 Jack Goehrig

1939 Robt. L. Park

1940 Geo, H. Carswell

J, M. Hatch, Jr.
James M. Slay
Forrest A, Irwin
Duncan MacLeod
Ivhirray H. Owen
Gordon C, MacLeod

Horace Tabb
Robt. G-. Howard
Baron H. Cornett
Wm. T. Foulke
Harvey Sloan

Chas, Anderson
P. B. Huling.Jr.
Berkley Schaub
Jack A. Goehrig
Ronald Slay

Lawrence E. Ivlanry Bertram Hart
James Beebe Raymond J. French

1928

Sigma Nu Phi (Richmond Pearson Chapter)
(April 4. 1923-1930)

Officers: W. m. Branson

Linwood B, Ho Howell
J. C. Whisnant

Sigma Phi Epsilon (K. C. G^amma)
(1909- )

Charter members: E. C. Ashby, A, A. McLean, J, D. Cooper, H. W.
Tuttle, R. Currin, H, G. Harris, P. S. Ashby.

1934 John H. Stillman G. Macfarlane

1935 John Hulme, Jr. Wm. Sager

Wm. -A-. Sager
Fred. Clark

L. 0. Funkhouser
Fred C. Wiright,Jr.

102

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Sigma Phi Epsilon-cont,

1936 R. Kennedy Harris Frederick Clark

1937 J. Otto Ponkiiouser Bill Marshall

1938 Richard Goode Peter Coppedlge

1939 Daniel Sanford Robert C. Ace

1940 Robt. L. McClotid RoU. L. Nelson

L. Ott Punidiouser Haddon H. Smith
Robt. Black Thos. Sager
Wm. S. N. Hulrae Chris, Webster
Lawrence H. Poster J. S. Hollyday
Shirley Johnson Robert E. Pike

Charter members:

Sigma Pi Sigma
(1925- )

Dr, C. W. Edwards, Dr. C. C. latley, Robert E.
Burroiaghs, Herbert Moss, Ralph L, Biggerstaff,
Dr. D. W. Carpenter, Turner A. Cathey, Hubert B,
Harward, Augustus Ray Hargrove, George Brooks
Johnson, Donald E. Kirkpatrick, Richmond H. Boss,
Thomas Sadler Shinn,

1931
1932
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

Marcus Hobbs
Jeanne Manget

Richard Smith
N. H. Smith

John V. Atkinson Harold K. Terry

Horace Russell
Wm. J. Caroon
Hugh E. Whitted
J. A. Richards
Delmar Seevers

Eliz. Ellerson
Robt. S. Doyle

David Carpenter
David Carpenter
Kelvin Ray
Carey Bowen
Mary J. Stallcup
James B. Thomas
Roger J. Sherron
Pred Elridge

Same
Same
Same
Same

Samie.

MorriwDn Brown
Same

Harlan Lenander Prances tbntgomery Same

1938 Harold Ellison

1939 Wm. Wingate

Sigma Tau Delta
(1928-1931)

James McCain
Arthur Bridgers

Harold Hayes Annie L, Caldwell
Dorothy Jeannette Mrs. Jack Downing

Sigma Upsilon
(1907-1 )
Fortnightly Club and merged
into national group

1908 Dr. Edwin Mims

1909 W. H. Wannamaker

1910 H. E. Spence

1911 A. M. Webb

1912 Prank C. Brown
1917 Frank C. Brown

1923 Paull F. Baum

1924 Julian P. Boyd

W. B, West
Louis II Jaffe
A. L. McCobb
H. E. Spence
W, H, Wannamaker
Newman I. White
W. Rolfe Brown

w.
s.

L,
M.

R.
E.
S.

Bivens

Marr

Bell

Eller

Alderman
Henry W. Kendall
James D. Secrest

A. M. Proctor
W. G. Matton
P. W. Best
N. I. White
Ralph L. Fisher
Hal A. Oliver

Furman A. Bridgers P. H. Shinn

103

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Sigma Upsilon-cont.

1928 John Paul Lucas ik, J , :.^,:.i.ll

1929 Arthur D. Bridgers

1932 Vince Moseley James L. Stewart

1933 Leslie A. Squires Richard A. Smith
1935 Earle I. Runner Wm. Owens

M. J. Cahill
Chisman Hanes
J. B. Clark
Lyne S. Pew
Walter Welntz

Arthur Bridge rs
Gerald M. Crona
Hoht. Vaughan
James Newsom
Same

1938
1939

Sigma Xi
(1933- )

Dr. Paul J. Krraaer W. J. Seeley
Dr. Goering W. j, Seeley

Cazlyn &. Bookout Bert Cunningham
Dr. Martin Bert Cunningham

Social Standards Committee

1933 Janet Rettew

1939 Janet Rettew

1940 Louise Van Hagan Prances Kenner

Carol Wagner

Jean Upstick

Societe Prancaise

1911 Mary Newman Laura Scott .
Critique- Polly Eeitman

1912

Laura Tillett

1919

M. 7. Lavallei

1920

R. T. Dunstan

Annabel Lambeth Laura Tillett

Irene Ahemethy
Gr. S. Mumford R. L. Johnson
Blanche Barringer G, S. Mumford

R. T. Dunstan
Hermina Haynes

Sophomore Commieslon, YWCA
(1935- )

1935 Marjorie Winston Ginevieve Baggs

1936 Caroline Breedlove Helen Saleehy

1937 Barbara Henry Anne Rauschenburg

1938 Thea Conger Kathryn Sidman

1939 Gladys Williams Josephine Brown

1940 Karleen Cooper Jane Hicks

Jane East
Sally Robertson
Suzanne Dalton
Josephine Bailey
Marilyn Upp
Sheena Webster

Roberta Townsend

Same

Sophomore Council, YMCA
(1933- )

1933 Wm. Brumbach

1934 Douglas Corriher

1935 Wm. H. Pi ekes

1936 Denny Williams

Malcolm Wright
Paul P. Ketchum

Prank Dennis
Hervy Moore

Pred Cady
Geo. Snyder
Corr-Robt. Kay

Thomas Bowman
Arthur Pawling

Same
Same

^ ' r,P

104

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Sophomore Council, YMCA-cont.

1937 Guy Berner

1938 Dave Prillaman

1939 Hichard Conlon
Prank McNuliy

1940 Kemp Jones

Frank McNulty Robt. Sanderson Same
Wm. E. Huntington Donald Semester Same

1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1918
1919
1920
1921

1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930

1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

Sorority Pan-Hellenic Council
(1913- )

Pannie Kilgo

Catherine Sheffield Thomas

Pannie E. Yann

Lucile E. Baldwin

Mary W. Cranford

Gladys V. Price

Doris Overton

Thelma Howell

Helen Loraine Cantrell

Eliz. Aldrtdge Hunter Hollo way Plora Meredith

Violetta M. Davis Erma Pitts Eliz. Eoberts

Anne Garrard Dorcas Turner Anne Rat ledge

Mrs. Evelyn H. Turner Eliz. Roberts Sadie Chri stenhuxy Same

Lillian C. Zachary Sarah K. Ormand Alice R. Cross Nancy Crews

Edith G. Parker Marie Tyler Rebecca Kirkpatrick Margaret Draughon

Eliz. King Pauline Weber Alma Wyche

Peggy Lavinder Prances Hill Cornelia Tarb rough

Mary Purdy Hetty English Mary Bradsher Mary Brown

Edith Home Leach-
Eliz. R. York
Helen L. Wyatt
Sigrid Pederson
June Langfitt
Camilla Ritchie
Merle Kirkwood
Jane Kelly
Evelyn Paradies
Jean MacNutt

■Alice Huckabee
Louisa Hooker
Va, Sarver
Eve Davis

Edna Rogan
Ruth Hermann
Gertrude Fleet
Helen Armstrong
Jenn Omar

Mary Langs ton
Dorothy Eaton
Annie K. Rebman
Eliz. Owens

Helen Larzalere
Prances Josephs
Betty Marshall
Doris Hartman
Lillian Hay ward

Eliz. Rouse
Louise Sellars
Ruth Jones
Carolina Riefle

Claire B. Clark
Va. Pulton
Jane Winters
Nancy Brown
Carol Conners

1913 B. P. Pew, Jr.

1914 P. M. Hamer

South Carolina Club
(Nov., 1913-1927)

A. S. Calvert
J, W. Sunmner

W. C. Bethea
C. D. Gray

Same

L. M. Hall

.r t'lr

105

Year President

Vice-President

SegretfiTy

Treasurer

South Carolina Club-cont.

1915

Pew, Jr.

T. R. Surnmers

G. W. Harley

Same

1916

Surnmers

E. C. Pew

R. C. Wiggins

Same

1918

Wannaroaker

E. T. Newton

Same

1919

Sheider

E. T. Newton

Martha Wiggins

Same

1920

Chandler

Martha Wiggins

C. A. Robinson

Same

1925

Herbert

H. A. Spann

J. M. Clarkson

W, B. Mewborne

1926

Truesdale

Chas. A. Dukes

Kellah Miller

Stanley County Club

(1919- )

1919

Hathcock

Blanche Barringer

Emma Davis

Same

1920

Harris

Blanche Moss

Same

Stenographers' Club
(Sept. 14, 1911-1919)

1918 Marguerite Russell

Julia Self

1918

1919
1920
1921

1923
1934

1935

Student Volunteers
( -1937)

Ruth Merritt Eugene Chesson
Leader- I, L, Shaner

Dr. A. M. Gates

Lota L. Draughon G. G. Adeuns

M. T. Hipps

Prgm Chm- P. J. Stough

Win. A. Kale Mary Wilkinson
Robert Kincheloe

Prgm Ciim- James Starling' f"^

Linwood Blackburn

ftm Chmr Darothy Phillips

Eugene Chesson A. S. Barnes, Jr.
Blanche Barringer Same
Dorothy Kanoy

John H. West brook Same
marjorie King Same

Mary L. Kincheloe

1936 Linwood Blackburn

105-a

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Student Religious Coiincil
(1937- )

1937 Denny Williams

1938 Oordon Tischer

1939 George Cole

1940 Herman Rapcport

Linwood Blacktnirn
Doris Wert 2
Betty Beclcer

Merrimon Cunningham
Rec-Mary E. Carter

Julian Lindsey

Doris Wertz
Betty Becker
Ida M, Grose

Talmadge Mallory
Claude Evans
Joe Caldwell

106

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

1919

H. C. Holtz

Surry County Clu"b
(1919-1920)

W. H, Holcomb

C. D. Davis

Same

"T" Club
(Mar. 6, 1912-1925)

1911

C. B. Brinn

J. M. Thompson

C. C. Poushee

Same

1915

B. H. Siler

J, E. Kanipe

H. A. Maddox

Same

1929
1933
1935

1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

Tau Kappa Alpha
(1915- )

Charter members: B. W, Barnard, A. W. Byrd, David Brady, James
Cannon, III, Holland Holton, <^inton Holton,
H. E. Myers, W. R. Shelton, G. S. Sexton, Jr.

Everett B. Weatherspoon-W. P. Ho wland-Ri chard L. Brown-Charles H. Livengood

Claihorne Gregory

James E. Palmer Perry Cartmright Same

Prank Satteffield Erma Griffith Same

Wm, P. Simmons
Geo. T. Prampton
Tom Senff
P. L. Sobhle
Tom Smart

Dewey Daane
Tom Smart
Eleanor Powell

Erma Griffith Same

Genevieve Baggs Same

Jean Metz Same

Idelia Benson Same

Samuel Holton Same

Taurian Players
(1919-1931)
Became Duke Players in 1931

Helen Cantrell
Helen Cantrell
Geo. V, Allen
W. A. Kale
Eliz, Roberts
Wm. Sprinkle
ji'red Roper
Bus. Mgp- Moirden

Aura Holton
Laura Winston
Lucy Taylor
Nancy Kirionan
Edward L. Cannon
Albert Dulin
Edith Parker
Back

Pauline Weber Samuel P. Nicks
Bus. Mgr- Ennis Atkins

Coma Cole
Flora Meredith
Prances Ledbetter
Eliz. Roberts
Dorothy Huneycutt
Sally Taylor
Pauline Weber

Dorothy Jennet te

Thelma Howell
Hunter Holloway
Carl G. Knox
D. L. Pouts
W. A. Abrams
T, A. Redmon
Talmadge Peele

.::3f.

107

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Taurian Players-cont.

1929 Ennis Atkins James Co'ble

Bus Mgr- Gordon Beall

1930 Preston B. Moses

Bus Mgr- Raymond C. Carter

Betty Burch
Maiy Jane Tate

Marshall Pritchett

Wm. Gat ling
Louise Moses

Tennessee Club
(Nov. 1912 - 1920)

1912 James Cannon, III W, W, Hutton
1916 P. C. Young H. L, Hoffman
Ch Soc Com- R. C. Barrow

J. W. Glaze

C. C. Alexander

A. S. BaxLgh.
Same

1904
1908
1909

1910
1911

Tennis Association
(1891-1912)
Incorporated with Athletic Assoc.
in Oct. 1904
M. E. Kewsom Angier B. Dak©
M, A. Briggs
Gilmer Siler

Mgr- H. A. McKinnon

C. B. West P. S. Bennett
H. A. Hayes, Jr. E. C. McClees

J. E. Lambeth
C. R. Poushee
J. L. Hutchison

E. A. McKinnon
N. I. White

Same -Mgr . -W . A . Pegram

J.L.Hutchison

Same

Same
Same

Theta Alpha Phi
(1925- )

Wm. Catling

E. Turner Poster

1930 Preston Moses

1933 Paul Baughman
Sam Wisdom

1934 R. W. Archbold

1935 Margaret Pranck

1936 Ethel Williams

1937 Wm. B. Plaster

1938 Katherine Margolis Wm. Welton

1939 Wm. Welton Edna Joyner

Historian- Harold K, Smith
Adv.- A. T. West

Wm. Hendrix
D. Cole McMartin
Jim V, Rose
Nellie A. Opper

D. K. Jackson
Eloise Ingram
Louise Merkel

Bliz, Sherron
John Pankey
Ada Whit mo re
Va. Pulton
Priscilla Aiden
Peggy Barnes

M.Bradley Stevenson
Ronald W. Archbold

Pred. P. Hague
Same

Carl Lutz
Carl Lutz
Edna Joyner
Win. M. Thomas

Li^t-

©*3T

107-a

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasarer

Tau Psi Omega
L (1938- )

1938 Roscoe Strickland Martha Perkins
Historian- Priscilla Alden

Helen Armstrong Raymond McDermott

1939 Ed. M. Brown Bertha Toppin

Historian- Audrey Badgley

1940 Edward M, Brown Betty L. Ware

Betty Ware

Eoht. H. Smith

Marie A, Coma Paul M. Gross

1939
1940

Town Boy's Cliah
(1939- )

Randolph Few Harry Boyd

Walter Shackleford Saraael Holton

0. C, Goodwin Thomas Howerton

James Satterfield E. J. Daniel

108

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Theta Phi
(May 15, 1935- )

Charter members: Dr. Gilbert T. Howe, Prof. J. M. Ortaond, Dr. Paul
N. Garber, Prof. H. E. Myers, Dr. Prank S.
Hlclflnan, Harold H. Hutson, A. Ray Cook, Marion B.
Stokes, Jr., Lowell B. Council.

1935 Dr. Gilbert T. Bowe

1936 Dr. Paul N. Garber

1937 Dr. P. S. Hickman J. M. Ormond

Lowell B. Council Same
H. E. L. Bearden Same

Tombs

(1903- )

1933

Phil Weaver

Al Reichman

Jerry Bray

Same

1934

Sam Bell

Earl Wentz

Jack Heritage

Dan Mitchell

1935

Chas. Kunkle

Thurman Ward

John Hennemier

Pete Naktenis

1936

Herbert Cheek

1937

P.obert Price

Elmore Hackney

Harwood Smith

Willard Earngey

1938

John Cree

Dan Hill

Henry Wilson

Edward Swindell

1939

Dave Emmet t

1940

James I. Willmott

; Bob Little

Town Girls' Club
(1927- )

Ed, Brown

Eddie Shokes

1929 Pauline Tilley Patsy McKay

1930 Paye Mulholland Anna Moses

1931 Eliz. Powell Kancy Roberson

1932 Nancy Roberson
Helen Card

1933 Catherine Powe Margaret Smith

1934 Jennie S. Kernodle Janet Ormond

1935 Inez Abernethy Mem Plyler

1936 Frances Childs Eleanor Mayes

1937 Bee Abernathy Louise Wannamaker

Anna Moses Paye Mulholland

DorotSy Newsome Eliz. Powell
Peggy Strowd Margaret Edwards

Rcdg-Lola M. Rogers Marg. Edwards
Corr-Nellie Bishop

Rcdg-Laura H. Thrift-Inez Abernethy
Corr-Jennie S. Kernodle

Rcdg-I. Sbernethy Mem Plyler
Corr-A. Whit more

Rcdg-B. Strother Margaret Ormond
Corr-E, Mayes

Rcdg-C. Markham Margaret Ormond
Corr-E. Strother

Rec-Margaret Finger Clyde Edwards
Cor-Dorcthy Wilkerson

109

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Tregi surer

1938

1939

1940

Town Girls' Club
(conO

Beatrice Abernathy Marjorie Krummel Rec-Garol Seeley Eleanor Belvin

Cor-Clyde Edwards

Rose Kueffner

Marjorie Krommel Rec-Sara J. Pcrlines Martha Forlines

Cor-Louise MacMillan

Iiiarjorie Krummel Rosalie Algranti Rec-Rose Kueffner Sara J. ITeagle

Cor-Prances Thomas

Trident Club
(1933-1934)

1933 Leslie A, Sqaires Joseph Brillinger B, A. Wagner

Robt, Nixon

Trinity College Historical Society
(April 4, 1892- )

1911

1912

1913
1914

1915

1916

Dr. W. I. Boyd Eugene Allison

Curator- E. J^ Londow

Dr. W. K. Boyd R. L. Towe

Curator- P. R. Ray

Dr. W. K. Boyd B, W. Ruark
DB. W. K. Boyd S. G. Hawfield

Curator- E. R. Sikes

Dr. W. K. Boyd B. B. Jones

Curator- J. K. Turner

Dr. ^. K. Boyd John D. Cline

Curator- J. K. Turner

R. G. Cherry Same

J. R. Davis Same

J, R, Davis Same

John W, Carr.Jr, Same

T. W. Sprinkle Same

W. K. Carr Same

Trinity Park School

Club

(Jfln. 1913- )

1911

Sheppard

D, H, Paller

W. A. Cade

1912

Cade

H. M. Ratcliffe

H. K. King

E. R.

Sikes

1913

Ratchliffe

W. I. Wooten

1914

Savage

E. R. Sikes

H. A. Stamey

J. J.

Silley

1918

Thompson

Inez Rogers

T. A. Banks

Same

1919

Canines

L. B. Hathaway

Lucille Parker

R. L.

Johnson

1920

Banks

J. D. Johnson

W. H. Smith

J. T,

Barnes

1921

Banks

J. D, Johnson

W. H. Smith

1922

Olliner

John Rhodes

G. P. Prollinger

110

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Undergraduate Writers
(1936-1941)

1935

Sheldon R. Harte

Prances Merrill

1936

Edward B. Post, Jr.

Prances Merrill

1937

Robert C. Wilson

1938

Virginia Hodges

1939

Dick Mouk

Union County Club

(Oct. 1910-1922)

1910

V. A, Moore

a. S. Lee

Z. P. Neal

Same

1911

K. P. Neal

B. L, Secrest

L. P. Stack

Starnes

1912

W. P. S tames

E. L. Secreat

A. M. Stack, Jr.

Hawfield

1913

P. N. Neal

E. L. Secrest

Rcdg-W.P.Starnes
Corr-C .A.Burrus

Secrest

1914

S. a. Hawfield

V. V. Secrest

J. H. Burrus

Hawfield

1915

Y. V, Secrest

J. E. Price

H. &. Love

Burrus

1916

H, G. Love

H. C. Deal

T. N. Lee

Broome

1921

0, L, Richardson

James Weaver

Henry Belk

University Club Orchestra, Jelly Leftwich &
(1925-1933)

Members (during eight years of existence):

Leader
Piano

Saxophones

G-eorge E. Leftwich

H. A. Spann
H. J, Cranford

D. M. McLaughlin
Bruce Alexander
Ernest Lynch

W. J. Davis
0. B. McPee

E. H. Smith
R. C. Pinley
E. S. Smith
M. C. Wilson
Julian Neal
D. M. Gibson
L. V. Pischer
Harold Gibson
W» D. Scribner
Hugo Germino

Ill

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

University Club Orchestra, Jelly Leftwich & -cont.
Members (cont.) J

Trumpets

Tirombcnes
Banjo

Drums

D, R, L^grpkin
L. E. Nail
William C. Lassiter
Harry Zachary
Woody Woodward

H. C. Bost

Thomas J. Lassiter

W. M. Speed
6^. S. Saunders
George Round
Charles Lehrbach

E. A. Heise
James Booher

E. S. Smith
J. McG. Powell
John (Goofy) Lupton

Bass Viol or Horn-M. 0, Campbell
Tom Little
M. A. Campbell
Grant ^erly

Violins

Vocalists

Jelly Leftwich

C. A. Herbert
Johnny Long
Albert J. Blumenthal
Larry Turner

Annie Lee Cut chin
Kay Keever

Veterans of Future Wars
(19S6- )

Commander- Rossevelt Der Tatevasian Reid Holmes
Lt, -Commander- Hilliard A. Schendorf

Same

112

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Virginia Club
(1914-1926)

1914 Catherine Thomas H. A. Maddox

1916 J. C. Boggs J. C. Smoot, Jr.

1918 Eosalie Stepp

1919 Ma.ry B. Maury T. C. Battershill

1921 Thomas Battershill Flora Bray Lillian Frost

1922 J. C. Williams, Jr. Laura Winston Lillian Frost
1925 J. M, Weher Sadie Christenhury Polly Mcintosh

Jane Couch
Margaret Durham

J. C. Boggs
J. W. Clayton

Hunter Holloway
J. C. Williams
E. IL. Cannon
Same

Wake County Cluh
(1916-1919)

1916

E. C. Harris W. H, Pridgen

Warren County Cluh
(1923-1925)

M. Gr. Eatman

Same

1923
1924

J. H. Newell
W. A. Mahry

Bessie Hooker
Bessie Booker

Minnie Wilson
W. S. Grant

Warrenton High School
(1911-1913)

Cluh

1911
1912

P. F. Hanes
W. H. Boyd

Wayne County Cluh
(1916-1926)

Wm. H, Boyd
B. E. Williams

J. H, Rose
C. W. Davis

1916
1918
1925

Alva E. Andrews Wm. R. Minshew
M, B. Loftin Hufus Moore
Maude Hunter W. Cary Maxwell

Edna L. Tgylor

Vera Outlaw

A. T. Griffin.Jr.

Same
Same
Same

1914 I. R. Shelton

1915 T. W. Sprinkle

1916 R. E. Shelton
1920 C. E. Buckner
1925 T. A. Jones

Weaver College Club
(Nov., 1914-1926)

S. L. Gulledge

W. S. Elias

C. A. Reap

H. T. Lefler

J. H. Young

T. W. Spriniie
W. M. Pickens
Edwin Burge
C. E. Mahry
M. S. Hodge

Same

H. G. Love

W. H, Lefler

H. C. Sprinkle

Same

112-j

Year President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Win-with-Willkie Clu"b
(1940)

1940

Alex MacMahon

Ed. Wilson Don Semester

Co-ed-Tlaea Conger

Adrian Cook

113

Tear President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer

Wetb School Club
(1916-1917)

1916 W. W. Hutton J. W. Wallace J. H. Huff

West Durham High School Cluh
(1916-1923)

1918 B. PI Jones Hath Ballard Imogen Six Same

1920 Eliz. Phillips T. M. Green Mae Strawhridge Same

1921 Eliz. Phillips Ethel Neal Thomas Green H. H. Chesson

White Duchy
(1925- )

Class of Memhers

1926 Adelaide Royall

Annie McSwain
Annie Biair Anders
Mrs. Evelyn H. Turner
Julia Potts
Elizabeth Roherts
Prances Holmes

1927 Sarah Kate Ormand

Mary Ostler
Ruth Dai ley
Dorothy Sahiston
Sadie Rawing
Blanche Henry Clarke
Lillian Zachary

1928 Laura Deaton

Mamie Bridgers
Ellen Huckahee
Virginia Stevens
Kenetta Pulton
Eehecca Kirkpatrick
Gladys White

1929 Kellah Miller

Pauline Weher
Helen Taylor
Rachel Copeland

Mary Arden Hauss
Elizabeth King

114

TSfliite Duchy-eont,
Class of Members

1930 Elizabeth Montgomery

Evelyn Hancock
Pauline Til ley
Elizabeth MacFadyen
Vertie Moore

Alma Wycbe
Maud McCracken

1931 Charlotte Crews

Iva Pitt

Elizabeth Racker
Mildred Murrell
He t tie English
Cornelia Yarbroiigh
Gertrude Merritt

1932 Florence Moss

Jean Stewart
Edith Leach
Norma Craft
Leo no re Murphy
Gladys Shuford
Margaret Harrell

1933 Marjorie Glasson

Eleanor Rodgers
Carmen Patterson
Dorothy Newsom
Elizabeth Sellars
Lucille Gainey

1934 Janet Griffin

Ro sane lie Cash
Augusta Walker
Virginia Ti Hot son
Hanes Clement
Helen G. Daniel

1935 Marjorie King

Ethel Garrett
Rose Toney
Elizabeth Pegram
Louise Merkel
Kelson Powell
Mary Alice Dewey

115

Walte Duchy-cont.
Class fif Members

I 1936 Josephine Ea"by

! Dallas Knight

Dorothy Gray
, Catherine Whitrayre

I Annie Laurie Newsome

Jane Eaislip
Mary Elliott Henderson

1937 Elizabeth Aiksn

Paula Eassett
Walton Bo wen
Prances Lewis
Lucy Rauschenhurg
Edith Snook
Marjorie White

1938 Jane Love

Mary Brent Holland
Genevieve Baggs
Roberta Townsend
Jeanne McCauley
Betty Stine
Mary Lawrance

1939 Barbara Henry

Evelyn Van Sciver
Peggy Ann Raup
Louise Gracely
Farrar Babcock
Jeanne Marphy
Jean Merkle

Year President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer

Wilson County Club
(Nov. 1921- )

1921 J. T. Barnes J. L. Sharpe N. P. Wilkerson Same

Woman's College Student Government
(1918- )

1918 Ruth Willard Merritt Stella Sexton Maude Nicholson Margaret Harvey

116

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Woman's College Student Government-cont.

1919 Grace E. Warlick Gladys Price

1920 Martha E. Wiggins Emma Davis

1921 Emma B. Barringer Jesse Penny

Chm Soc Stan- Lotta Lee Draughton

1922 Hermina U. Haynes Va. Merritt

1923 Nora C. Chaff in Margaret Frank

Chm Soc Stan- Inez Newsome

1924 Jessie E, Hauser Nancy Kirkman

Chm Soc Stan- Mary Eskridge

1925 Julia W. Potts Annie McSwain

1926 Dorothy J. Sahiston Sadie Lawing

1927 Ellen H, Euckahee Mamie Bridgers

Chm Soc Stan- Edith Parker

1928 Rachel V. Copeland Mary A. Hause

1929 Alma 7. Wyche Eliz. Montgomery
Chm Soc Stan- Bessie Martin

1930 Gertrude Merritt Charlotte Crews
Chm Soc Stan- Courtney Sharpe

1931 Edith H. Leach Alice Huckabee
Chm Soc Stan- Leo no re Murphy

1932 Louisa B. Booker Martha Howie
Chm Soc Stan- Carlotta Waters

1933 Augusta A. Walker Helen Daniel
Chm Soc Stan- Helen Wyatt

1934 Anita Knox Mary N. White
Chm Soc Stan- Eleanor Tompkins

1935 Annie L. Newsom Eleanor Barrett
Clan Soc Stan- Mary Prances Ivey

1936 Eliz, W. Bowen Eliz. Paires
Chm Soc S-^an- Jbinie L. Reise

Mary B, Murphy
Hermina Haynes
Helen Cantrell

Martha Wiggins
Emma B. Barringer
Va. Metritt

Sophia Byman Allene Parrish
^dalene Gulledge Nancy Kirkman

Annie B, Anders Adelaide Royall

Rcdg-E. Huckahee Edith Parker
Corr-Blanche H. Clark

Rcdg-L. Brasington-Sara K. Ormond
Corr-E. Huckahee

Rcdg-Laura Deaton Eunice Stamey
Corr-Anita Scar bo ro

Rcdg-Alma Wyche Eliz. Montgomery
Corr-Martha Chesson

Hcdg-Char. Crews Gertrude Merritt
Corr-Mary Bradsher

Rcdg-Gladys Shuford Eliz. Caldwell
Corr-Eliz, Clarke

Rcdg-Martha Eowie Flora C, Best
Corr-M. Pierce

It-Margaret Gibbons. Eliz. Sellars
C-Mary Parkharst

CpBleanor Tompkins Dorothy Dougjas

E-Lenora Snyder Saraii Thompson
C-Mai Van Deren

R-Eetty Faires Mary Auld
C-Katherine Whitmyre

R-Eliz. Aiken
C-Jane Love

Martha J. Culbdrtson

117

Year President Yice-Presldent Secretary Treasurer

Woman's College Student Governqient-cont.

1937 Mary B. Holland Patricia Seall R-Betty J. Brown Margaret A. March

C-Marjorie Winston Va. Hardesty

1938 Betty J. Broim Marie Pedeflous R-Peggy A. Haup Given Adams

C-Barbara Henry

1939 Peggy A, Raup Louise Gracely R-Eliz. Murray Bvdlyn Van Sciver

C-Mildred Morehead C. Stiles

1940 Libby Murray Hae Rogers R-Gladys Williams Elsie Gurry

Chm Soc Stan- Louise Van Hagan C-Jane Waters Audrey Bracken

Writers' Clu"b
(1911- )

1911 W. E. Eller Maiy Loomis Smith James Cannon, Jr,

Young Men's Christian Association
(1888- )

1888 Gaston Troy Adaras

1889 William Bowman Lee

1890 Jacob Pu^berts Moose

1891 Allie Lee Ormand
Newby Caviness

1892 Henry P. Boggs

1893 Joseph Henry Separk

1894 Tuttle

1895 Fred Soule Aldridge

1897 John Council Woo ten

1898 Jesse H. Bamhardt

1899 Stevens Alexander Stewart

1900 Leslie P. Howard

1901 Leslie P. Howard

1902 Enoch Marvin Hoyle

1903 Nicholas S. Ogburn, Jr.

1904 Franklin S. Love
Nicholas S. Ogburn, Jr.

1905 Franklin S. Love E. 0. Cole W. V. McRae E. W. Knight

1906 William Vogle McRae C. R. Canipe H. C. Doss

1907 Thomas M. Grant E/ W. Knight
E. C. Doss

113

Tear

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

1908

1909

1910

i 1911

1912

1913

1914

I 1915

• 1916

1917

1918

1919

1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929

1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

C. W. Palford
H. G. Hedrick
E. J. Harbison
W. G. Suiter
Sdgar L, Secrest
Duff C. Lewis
John J. Lilley
John J. Lijley
Chas. S. Bunn
Luther L. Gohbell

A. J. Hobbs.Jr.
J. E. Gilbreath

Roht. A« Parham
Leroy Dalin

B. B. Harrison
M. T. Hipps
Wm. A. Kale
John H. Westbrook
Walter A. Biggs

C. Ray Carpenter
Liston Pope
Smmett K, McLarty,

YMCA-cont.

Willis Smith

G. W. Vick

W. G. Sheppard

W. A. Cadg

James Cannon

B. I, Pew

V. V. Secrest

L. C. Larkin

Ployd C. Caviasss

W. C. Ormond

B. T. Harrison

W. N. Vaugham

C, B. Hauck
J. D. Steet
W. L. Clegg
W. S. Barnes
E. P. McFee
J. M. Atkins
Robt. Tuttle
John M. Weber
Chisman Hanes

W. G. Matton E.

H. H. Hunter F.

W. G. Suiter L.

P.Z.S.BvertAn W.

B. P. Pew D.

C. P. Matton V.
C. S. Bunn G.
C. S. Bonn G,
L. L. Gobbell W.
Clarence D. Douglas,
J, H. Harrison J.
R. A. Parham H.

H.Stephenson

S. Bennett

M. Epps

P. S tarns

C. Lewis

V. Secrest

R. Jordan

K. Carr
Andrew J. Hobbs

E. Gilbreath

B. Fisher

T. C. Kirlonan
Henry Belk
C. E. King
W. A. Kale
R. L, Jerome
W. A. Abrams
E. K. Rice
Fred Brumraitt
C. Moody Smith
Russell Ranson

Leroy Dulin
J, E. Bridgers
M, T, Hipps

R. E. Long
F. A. Lee
F, A. Redmon
John Weber
Chas, H. Gay
Emerson Jones

W. M, Upchurch, Jr. Chas. F. Honeycutt H. L, Andrews Martin K. Green

Wm. P. Farthing
Curtis T. Spence
Par due Bunch
Chas. D. Beatty
A. M. itfe-cQiiarrie

James Peak
Edwin C. Kellam
Russell C. Herbert
F.W. Dowd Bangle
Robert E. Kay

Pred N. Cleaveland J, A. Bistline
Wm. B. Somerville Denny Williams
Denny Williams Frank Marklaam
Tim Brinn Guy P, Bemer
Edward Pike Albert Brust

Edwin C. Kellam

John A. Myers

P. W. D. Bangle

A. M. MacQ^arrie

Paul F. KetchTim

Wm. Fickes

Frank Markham

Guy Berner

David C. Prillaman Harold Smith

Frank Sellers John Doeier

Rawlins Coffman
C. C. Derrick
Chas,D. Beatty
G. W. Wharton
James A. Bistline
Robt. Wilkinson
Prank Dennis
Reid Holmes

Young Women's Christian Association
(1917- )

Charter members:

Lucille Li taker, Rosalie Stepp, Gladys Prise,
M. Kornegay, Vera Wiggins, M. Russell, Bernice
Ulrich.

1917 Lucile Litaker

1918 Vera M. Wiggins

1919 Eliz. L. Allen

Rosalie Stepp
Inez Allen
Mary B, Murfhy

Gladys Price Same
Grizell Hartselle Same
Jesse Penny Maude Nicholson

119

Year

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

1920
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929

1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

YWCA-cont.

Lota L. Brati^ton.Josie Foy
Florence C. Harris, Laara Winston
Ethel H. Merritt Mary King Ellison
Llargaret Ledbetter Idalene Gulledge
Prances Holmes Pannie Hathcock
Blanche Clark Kate Zimmerman
Edith V. Stevens Leila Hubhard
Kellah C. Miller Clarice Bowman
Eliz. A. MacPadyen, Clarice Bowman

Eliz. Eucker
Norma L. Craft
Ya. Ragan
Mary J. ^lass
f.iarjorie King
Alma Hull
Edith Snook
Genevieve Baggs
Lucille Burgess
Parrar Babcock
Katharine Binder

Hath King
Dorothy Leary
Rosanelle Cash
Va. Tillotson

Walton Bo wen
K. Upchurch
Mary E, Carter
Parrar Babcock
Thea Conger
Josephine Brown

Florence Harris
Alice Thomas
Eliz. Roberts
Dorothy Sabiston
Mary Kestler
Lillian Zachary
Rachael Williams
Dorothy Jennet t
Joanna Crim

Irene Pitts
Dixon Barrett
Jesse Hauser
Prances Holmes
Dorothy Sabiston
Maude Brown
Eva Malone
Dorothy Westbrook
Clyde Allison

Pauline Prances Mildred uhirrell
Dorothy Eaton Va. Pwagan
Va, Geddes Lucille Gainey
A. Woods Devereaux,Helen Gray
Mary Henderson Katherine Upchurch
Mary L. Kincheloe Jeanne McCauley
Carol Strauss Annie Daniel
Helen Saleeby Va. Griffin
Margaret Carlen Helen Knight

Helen Knight

Joy Cann

Joy Cann
Ann O'Rourk

1935

Zeta Beta Taa
4. 1935- )

Charter members: Sam Hogol, Irwin Priedlander, Gilbert Cohen,
Harold Ginsberg, Milton Weinstein, Nathan
Weinstein,

Irwin Priedlander Milton Weinstein R-Nathan Weinstein Harold Ginsberg

C-Abe A. Alterman

1936 M. Weinstein J. P. Kaperman Abe A. Alterman

1937 Jesse P. Kaperman Irving Samuels Jermiah Gorin

1938 Irving L. Samuels Alvin S, Gross Leonard Levy

1939 Joe Boldstein Herman L. Rapaport Philip Lewis

1940 H, L. Rapoport Dan Gottesman Martin L. Parker

Jerry J, Gorin
David Shapiro
J. Goldstein
Dan Gottessman
Alfred Tenenbaum

Zeta Tau Alpha
(June 4, 1915- )

Charter members:

Pannie E. Vann, Annie Hamlen, Hillietta Evans,
Janie Couch, Rox M. Davis, Mozelle Newton,
Kathleen Hamlen, Lucy Rogers.

120

President

Vice-President

Secretary

Treasurer

Zeta Tau Alpha-cont,

1935 Emmy Lou Morton Peggy Becker

1936 Mary Auld Katherine White

Historian- Eliz. Riley

1937 Pan Auld Jane DusenTsury

Historian- Prances Sewell
Hush Capt.- Dot Creery

1938 Jtme Southworth Jeanne Murphy

Eleanor Stevenson Mary Auld
R-Eliz. Small Ella Waters

C-Dorothy Dick

E-J-une Southworth Betty Bogert
C-Lillian Gihson

H-Jean Ord
C-Jean Merkel

Edna E. Sexton
Polly Warner

1939 Mary S. Dodge

Doris Tritle

R-Annajane Boyd Polly Warner
C-Ellen Buschav

1940

Rose Kueffner

Mary R, Co Iyer

R-Eutiy Kiaiden
C-Plcrence Rick

Miriam Kamerer

Young Democrats Club
(1940- )

1940 Ivlarvin Young

Ed. Braswell.Jr. Hazel Haynes

Geo. Trakas

Appendix B,
Organizations and Enterprises Classified

ATHLETICS— Athletic Association, Delta Phi Hho Alpha, Fencing Clu"b, Football
Cluh, Golf Club, Handball Association, Riding Club. Sigma Delta Psi, "D"
Club, Stirrups, "T" Club, Tennis Association, Tombs, Trident Club, Twi-
light Horseback Riders, Varsity Club, Nereidian Club, Modern Dance Group.

B lOLOGY— Biology Club, Nu Sigma, Phi Sigma.

CHEMISTRY— Chemists' Club, Pegram Chemistry Club.

CIVIC — Athletic Association, V/omen's Athletic Association, CIRSA, Current
Topics Club, Greater Duke Club, Greater Trinity Club, Interstate Pro-
gressive Club, Junior Big Sisters, League of Women Voters, Schola Caveat,
Student Relations Committee, Trident Club.

CLASSICAL STUDLUS— Classical Club, Forum Club, Parthenon Club.

COMliBRCE & ECONOMICS— Alpha Kappa Psi, Commercial Club, Psi Kappa Alpha.

DRAMATICS— Drainatic Society of Trinity College, Duke Players, Hoof and Horn,
Religious Drama Guild, Southgate Dramatic Club, Taurism Players, Theta
Alpha Phi, White Witch Dramatic Club.

EDUCATION— Braxton Craven Education Association, Education Club, Kappa Delta
Pi, Religious Education Association,

ENGIHEERING — American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society of
Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Delta Epsilon
Sigma, Duke Society of Mechanical Engineers, Engineers' Club, Engineers'
Forum, Student Government of the College of Engineering,

FICTITIOUS- -Alpha Sigma Sigma, Damned Fools' Laughing Association, Ejection

tClub, FLAES, Grand Consolidated Glee-Banjo-Harpsichord- Clevis Club, Human
Nature Club, I Signa Phi, Nauseating Order of Chewers, Original Research
Society, Regardless Fruit Club, Sigma Sigma Alpha, Society for the Pro-

122

POESNSIC— (See also LITERARY)— Athena Literary Society, Brooks Literary Society,
Calhoxm Literary Society, Columbia Literary Society, Current Topics Club,
Danyeah Literary Club, Debaters* Club, Debaters' Council, Debating Council,
Ero 14athian Society, Grady Literary Society, Hesperian Literary Society,
Hesperian Ujjion, Moot Court, Tau K^pa Alpha.

I'HATSRHITIES, Undergraduate Social— Alpha Chi, Alpha Omega Sigma, Alpha Pi

Sigma, Alpha Sigma Tau, Alpha Tau Omega, Alpha Zeta Phi, Bachelors' Club,
Beta Nu, Bgta Pi, Chi Phi, Chi Tau, D. D. Club, Delta Delta, Delta Sigma
Phi, Delta Tau Delta, DeMolay, Dons, Bpsilon Alpha Sigma, Fraternity Pan-
Hellenic Council, Goblins, Kappa Alpha, Kappa Sigma, Keys Club, Lambda
Chi Alpha, Masonic Club, Mu Kappa Klan, Omega, Our Gang, Owls, Pente, Phi
Delta Theta, Phi Kappa Delta, Phi Kappa Psi, Phi Kappa Sigma, Phi Sigma
Delta, Pi Epsilon Pi, Pi Kappa Alpha, Pi Ks5)pa Phi, Psi Delta Sigma, Rebels,
Sigma Alpha Epsllon, Sigma Alpha Omega, Sigma Chi, Sigma Delta, Sigma Gamma,
Sigma Kappa, Sigma Mu, Sigma Nu, Sigma Phi Epsilon, Sigma Tau Alpha, Theta
Nu Epsilon, Thirteen Club, Yellow Dogs, Zeta Beta Tau, Beta Club, Beta
Theta Pi.

GEOGRAPHICAL— Alien Club, Caldwell County Club, Chatham County Club, Cleveland
County Club, Cosmopolitan Club, Cumberland County Club, Davenport College
Club, Davidson County Club, Duplin County Club, Durham High School Club,
Floridian Club, Forsythe County Club, Gaston County Club, Granville County
Club, Guilford County Club, Harnett County Club, International Club, Inter-
state Progressive Club, League of Nations, McDowell County Club, Mecklen-
berg County Club, Montgomery County Club, Mountain Boomers' Club, Hash
County Club, New Hanover County Club, Northampton County Club, Person
County Club, Pitt County Club, Roberson County Club, Rutherford College
Club, Sampson County Club, Sandf iddlers' Club, South Carolina Club, Stanley
County Club, S\irry County Club, Tennessee Club, Town Girls' Club, Union
County Club, Virginia Club, Wake County Club, Warren County Club, Warrenton
High School Club, Wayne County Club, Weaver College Club, Webb School Club,
West Durham High School Club, Wilson County Club.

HISTORY— Historical Society of Trinity College.

HOBBY— Alpha Eta Rho, Aviation Club, Duke-Durham Camera Club, Chess Club, Fenc-
ing Club, Golf Club, Handball Association, Hiking Club, Explorers' Club,
Needlework Guild, Riding Club, Stirrups, Tennis Association, Twilight
Horsebaclc Eiders, Photographers' Union.

HONORARY— Alpha Eta, Beta Omega Sigma, Chi Delta Phi, Coif, Delta Phi Alpha,
Delta Phi Rho Alpha, Delta Upsilon Beta, Eko-L, Gamna Delta, Gamma Eta
Gamma, Iota Gamma Pi, Ivy, Kappa Delta Pi, Kappa Kappa Psi, Lambda Phi
Gamma, Ninety-Nineteen, Omicron Delta Kappa, Omicron Kappa, Phi Beta
Kappa, Phi Eta Sigma, Phi Sigma, Pi Gamma Mu, Pi Mu Bpsilon, Red Friars,
Sandals, Sigma Delta Pi, Sigma Pi Sigma, Sigma Xi, Tau Kappa Alpha, Theta
Alpha Phi, Theta Phi, "D" Club, "T" Club, Tombs, Varsity Club, White Duchy.

JOURNALISTIC— Journalism Club, Press Association, Q;uill Club

LAITGUAGE— Cercle Francais, Delta Phi Alpha, Deutscher Verein, English Club,
French Clubs, Gamma Delta, German Club, Salon Francaise, Sigma Delta Pi,
Sigma Tau Alpha, Societe Francaise, Spanish Club, Volapuk Club.

.t:.=;ii9q8eH ,-

.A.-(Y.

.-CIxjv

.•^tsIOKOU. ,b:

.;^0 ,r,fif^ll

123

LEGAI*-- Bar Association, Law School Bitle Class, Coif, Htighes Law Clu"b, Iredell
Law Club, Moot Coiirt, Mordecai Law Club, Phi Delta Phi, Sigma Nu Phi,
Bench and Bar.

LIEEEAEY— (See also PCEENS I C)— Athena Literary Society, Brooks Literary Society,
Calhoxm Literary Society, Cat's Head Club, Chi Delta Phi, College Poetry
Society, Col\imbia Literary Society, Current Topics Club, Danyeah Literary
Society, English Club, Ero Mathian Society, Folklore Society, Fortnightly
Club, Grady Literary Society, Hesperian Literary Society, Saturday Night
Club, Sigma Tau Delta, Sigma Upsilon, Undergraduate Writers, Writers' Club.

MATHEMATICS— Mathematics Club, Pi Mu Epsilon.

MEDICAL—Alpha Zappa Zappa, Alpha Omega Alpha, Zadavre Club, Nu Sigma Nu, Phi
Beta Pi, Phi Chi, Pre-Medical Society, Theta Zappa Psi.

MILITARY— A E F Club, Anti-War Society, Ch^lains of Future Wars, Ex-Service
Men's Club, Naval Club, NROTC Club, Officers' Club, P^serve Officers'
Training Corps, The Duke Dolphin, Veterans of Future Wars.

MUSICAL— Band, Blue Devils Orchestra, Bill Lassiter and His Blue Devils, Les
Brown and His Blue Devils, Kick Laney and His Blue Devils, Allen Stanley
and His Blue Inips, Collegians, Delta Upsilon Beta, Dixie Four, Frank
Gerard and His D-Men, Joe Burke and His Duke Ambassadors, Glee Club and
Orchestra Association, Men's Glee Club, Women's Glee Club, Grand Con-
solidated Glee-Banjo-Karps ichor d- Clevis Club, Hoof and Horn Club, Instru-
mental Music Association, Zappa Zappa Psi, Lambda Phi Gamma, Johnny Long
and His Duke Collegians, Lost Chord Quartet, Mandolin Club, Women's Man-
dolin Club, Milk Brothers Quartet, Musical Clubs, Women's Musical Clubs,
Music Study Club, Women's Orchestra, Al Preyer and His Orchestra, P.oyal
Duke Orchestra, String Quartet, Johnny Hansel and His Swing Zings, Trouba-
dour Band, Jelly Leftwich and His University Club Orchestra.

PHYSICS— Physics Club, Sigma Pi Sigma.

POLITICAL — Al Smith Club, American Liberty League, American Student Union,

Autocracy Smashers, Bryan-Zem Club, Chaplains of Future Wars, Democratic
Club, Gardner-f or- Governor Club, Harmon-for-President Club, Hoover Club,
Page-for-Govemor Club, Polity Club, Republican Club, Veterans of Future
Wars, V/hite Combine, Blue Combine, Woodrow V/ilson Club.

■ PUBLICATIONS— Archive , Blue Devil , Blue Imp, Bonus Bill, Cat's Meow, Chanticleer.
Chronicle, College Herald, Distaff, Ducat, Duchess, Duke Dolphin, Duke 'n'
Duchess, Independent , Park School Gazette, Peace Agent, Sein Feigner,
Trinity Prep, Volunteer.

RELIGIOUS & THEOLOGICAL— Baptist Students' Union, Bible Classes, Catholic Stu-
dents' Union, Christian Science Society, Freshman Commission, Freshman
Friendship Council, Hades Club, Luther League, Methodist Students' Union,
Ministerial Association, Omicron Chi Epsilon, Religious Education Assn.,

k School of Religion Association, Sophomore Commission, Sophomore Council,
Student Volunteers, Theta Phi, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Young
Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Association, Student

, "?-X9^

'V ,nx

ntX'* *.-t

f>rrnfr_.

•».Lv e

•r-t

124

SCHOLARSHIP— Alpha Eta, Bko-L, Ivy, Ninety-Nlneteen, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Eta
Sigma.

SCIENTIFIC— (See also BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, ENGHIEERING, MATHEMATICS, IffiDICAL,
PHYSICS)— Crowell Scientific Society, Iota Gamma Pi, Natural History
Club, Science Cluh, Scientific Society, Sigma Xi.

SORORITIES, Undergraduate Social— Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Epsilon Phi, Alpha
Phi, Delta Chi Upsilon, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Epsilon, Delta Psl,
Delta Upsilon, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Delta, Kappa Kappa Gamina, Mu
Larnhda, Nu Beta Phi, Phi Mu, Pi Beta Phi, Sigma Beta, Sigma Delta, Sigma
Kappa, Xi Qmicron, Zeta Tau Alpha.

;j i.

Appendix C
WHEY GRAY ORATORS

Ability in oratory has for centtiries "been one of the marks of an
educated man. Outstanding student orators, then, would be supposed to number
among leading almmi of any institution. The following history by J. P.
Breedlove gives pertinent facts about some of the outstanding student orators
in Trinity College and Duke University.

The Wiley Gray Medal

The Wiley Gray Medal was established at Trinity College in 1879 hy
Rahert T, Gray, an able yotmg lawyer and devoted Methodist of Raleigh, N, C,
It is a memorial to his brother, Cs^tain Samuel Wiley Gray, who was killed in
"battle at Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863, In accordance with the
wish of the founder, the medal has heen presented each year to the memher of
f the graduating class who, in the opinion of a competent committee of three,
made the best oration at the commencement of his graduation.

Por many years every member of the graduating class had the privi-
lege of speaking for the Wiley Gray on commencement day. Later the number
desiring to compete grew so large that there was not time for so many speeches.

-¥oIIol eiiT .flolrfirtl^eal "yxs to Innmls a^*
;c' ^XcO v: B9 asv IsboM ^tO velix' srCT

126

8 0 a preliminary contest was held before a faculty committee and the four best
speakers were selected to try for the medal. This contest, for a long time,
came on the commencement program just before the graduating exercises. In later
years it was held either on Monday or Tuesday evening of commencement week. In
1933, for the first time, the contest was held before a committee a few days
before commencement. The winner was announced and the medal v/as delivered to
him. Then on commencement day, preceding the conferring of degrees, the winner,
as senior speaker, made his address before the audience assembled to witness
the graduating exercises. Since the death of Mr, H, T, Gray the medal has been
given each year by his nephews: James A, and Bowman Gray of Winston-Salem, N.C.

Wiley Gray left the University of Horth Carolina in his sophomore
year and entered the Confederate Army. He joined Company D of the 57th Worth
Carolina regiment. His home was in Forsythe County and his company was com-
posed almost entirely of men of his home county.

He soon rose through the various official grades to the captaincy of
his contpany. When General Lee went on his Northern campaign, he was senior
cs^tain of his regiment at the age of twenty years. He was commissioned captain
Dec, 13, 1862. At Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, just before sunset while charging
a battery with Hoke's brigade he met a hero's death. His comrades were not able
to recover his body, and he was buried in an unknown grave. Wiley Gray was
conspicuous for his gallantry. He had been in all the battles in which his
regiment had taken part, and had coimnanded his excellent company in all except
the battle of Fredericksburg.

The first Wiley Gray medal was presented on behalf of the donor by
Tabius H, Busbee of Raleigh, N. C, to Governor Thomas J, Jarvis, who in a few
appropriate words handed it to the winner, George Washington Koonce. In his
presentation speech Mr. Busbee made the following remarks on the motives of the

^ixrol mii boB as^c

^--e^.- ',7?* r. '•.n*.t»crTo*^ s 9-ro*3'f fsf'^rf -Jew -tasJr'

-r? ct ^f

a 3

.O.ii ,mf. Jaal* to

"S9" Oil

baa xim.

eaod

•T'^r'jfj'

Jr, n'y.

no flsdT

rori'

'.*D. 7 JL^Q'i'Hv

ji sell on

:'>-:* fne .:'

■ "C"*^'

"•'t *s

"^C !!*

9idfa ;tort sisif c

t^eJb

oxe s-

W9 1 JB ni

iTxavot) 0* .0 •'-! ,

J .LUi :'- •- ^-

127

donor, Robert T, Gray: "The founder of the medal was not a graduate of Trinity
College, , . . His collegiate training was obtained in another state, and his
family associations are closely interwoven with the State tmiversity; hut he
desires to make this public acknowledgement of his interest in and admiration
for Trinity College as it is, and his faith in the Trinity that shall be. , . .
Mr, Gray wishes to foster eloquence in its highest and best aspect — the rare

■ touchstone which opens the hearts of men, the logic to prove, the information
to impart, the fancy to embellish, the elocution to deliver: of such, indeed,
the world will not grow weary. "

Mr, Busbee then described the quality of eloquence Mr, Gray wished
to encourage. "As genius is the ornament of man, so the light of that genius
is oratory. Wot the strength, the 'robur' of that genius, not the genius it-
self, but its torch, its light, its glory, is eloquence."

Belov/ are given the year of the contest, the name and address of the

i winner, the title of his oration, the name of the man presenting the medal, the
literary society to which he belongs, and his chosen life work as far as this
information could be obtained from newspapers, weeklies, and college publications:

1879 - G«orge Washington Koonce of Jones County, N. C. "Reform." Medal pre-
sented by P^ H^ Busbee, Raleigh, N, C. Columbian. Lawyer.

1880 - William Bruce Dowd of Charlotte, N. C. "The South, A Confederacy."
Medal presented by Judge Towle of Raleigh, N, C. Hesperian. Lawyer;

^ 1881 - Philemon Holland of New Bern, N, C. "The Irish Problem." Medal pre-
W sented by Rev. N, M, Jxarney. Columbian. Lawyer.

1882 - Benjamin Franklin Lane of Wilson County, N. C. "The New South. " Medal
presented by James W, Reid, Wentworth, N. C. Hesperian. Farmer.

1883 - Samuel Winbum Finch of Davidson County, N. C. "Tendency of the Times."
Medal presented by John N, Staples of Greensboro, N. C. Hesperian.
Teacher and politician.

1884 - Junius Augustus Johnson of Trinity, N, C. "North Carolina." Medal pre-
sented by E. R. Stamps of Raleigh, N. C. Columbian. Engineer, Civil.

Da;

a»« ^ r /

-:•■ , voiq oi otyoL Bd3 ,ne

.' - . Is 'to "Z^l

- V .,1 s<» . . f

aofroc

" 'r»> «• . . , V> fev

.te- .

.oat , •iiaen .

^ji-:iU.Bi

128

1885 - Paid. Jones of Tarboro, N. C. "Moral SuTDllmlty." Medal presented "by
James W, Re id of Wentworth, N, C, Hesperian. Lawyer, Editor.

1886 - Lola Percy Skeen of Mt, Gilead, N. C. "Ecce Republica. " Medal pre-
sented by Paiil B-, Means, Concord, N, C. Hesperian. Lawyer.

1887 - John Robert Overman of Goldsboro, N. C. "The Discipline of Adversity."
Medal presented by Hon. George H. Snow, Raleigh, N. C. Hesperian.
Politician, Parmer,

1888 - George Newton Raper of High Point, N. C. "Anarchy versus Democracy in
America. " Medal presented by Rev, P, L, Reid. Coliimbian,

1889 - Gustavus Troy Adams of Little River Academy, N. C. "Spirit of the Age."
Medal presented by J, M^ Leach, Jr. Hesperian. Minister,

1890 - Alexander Hayvood White of Pollocksville, N. C. "Professional Politics
Incompatible with Good Government." Medal presented by Prof, W, A, Blair,
Winston-Salem, N, C. Hesperian. Teacher.

1891 - William Bowman Lee of Durham, N. C. "What Is Life?" Medal presented by
Hon, John S, Henderson, Salisbury, N^ C. Columbian. Missionary.

1892 - Stonewall Jackson Durham of Greensboro, N.C, "The Industrial Condition
of North Carolina." Medal presented by G, S, Bradshaw, Columbian.
Lawyer.

1893 (Pirst Commencement in Durham) - Charles E, Turner of Cool Spring, N, C.
"Origin and Tri"uinph of Democracy. " Medal presented by Justice A. C. Avery
of N, C. Supreme Court. Hesperian, Lawyer.

1894 - Robert Jones G. Tuttle of Hartland, N, C. "One Life Only." Medal pre-
sented by Creek 0. Andrews, Raleigh, N, C. Hesperian. Minister.

1895 - Plato Tracy Durham of Zing's Mountain, N^ C. "Intolerance." Medal pre-
sented by Octavius Coke, Raleigh, N^ C, Coitimbian. Minister, Teacher,

1896 - Joseph Smith Maytubby of Boggy Depot, Indian Territory. "Social Changes."
Medal presented by Hon. Clement Manly, Winston-Salem, N. C. Hesperian.
Parmer.

1897 - Garland dander Green of Beaumont, N. C, "Duty of the Scholar to the
State." Medal presented by Dr, Charles D, Mclver, Greensboro, N. C,
Hesperian, Minister,

1898 - George Hiram Humber of Carthage, N. C. "The Graduate and the Citizen."
Medal presented by Dr, John C. Zilgo. Columbian. Lawyer.

1899 - Harry Maurice North of Laurinburg, N. C. "Traditions." Medal presented
by Hon. James H. Southgate, Durham, N, C. Hesperian. Minister.

1900 - James Marvin Oulbreth of Wilmington, N, C. "Need of Dependence on
Christ." Medal presented by Pabius H. Busbee, Raleigh. Columbian.
Minister.

.11 ,0^

.'i ~^u .

ni iro&ioome'^ 2i

. isdoael

£)9*ii?5a--- ^-^^M

iZsMnirloO .0

99U it .•latir.''

.2 .0 vtf

ii-PWt

.0 .yi .a-^Ji; rertixj^ .5L

.0 .:. ,

9i^t V-

iics

129

1901 - William Arnold lamTseth of Thomasville , N. C. "The College in the Service
of the Nation." Medal presented by Jtadge Howard A, youshee, Durham, N, C.
Hesperian. Minister.

1902 - Edward Octavlus Smithdeal of Advance, N. C. "Social Torces and Industrial
Progress." Medal was presented hy Dr. John Franklin Crowell, New York City.
Columhian. Teacher.

1903 - Villiam Walter Peele of Gibson, N, C. "Power of the Individual."
Hesperian. Minister.

1904 - Henry Bethune Adams, Jr., of Monroe, N, C. "Breadth and Effectiveness."
Medal was presented by Governor C, B. Aycock. Columbian. Lawyer.

1905 - Eli Franklin Lee of Newton Grove, N. C. "Triximph of American Democracy."
ColTirabian. Minister.

1906 - Samuel Bobbitt Underwood of Rockingham, N, C. "American Press and
American Public Opinion." Medal presented by Dr. John C, Kilgo. Columbian.
Teacher, School Superintendent .

1907 - Luther Martin Peele of Gibson, N^ C. "Federation of the V/orld." Medal
was presented by Dr. 3. F. Dixon, Raleigh, N. C. Columbian. Teacher.

1908 - Walter Adair Stanbury of Boone, N. C. "Phillips Brooks." Medal pre-
sented by Congressman Robert N. Page, Biscoe, N. C. Hesperian, Minister,

1909 - Robert Colman Goldstein (Robert C. Roy) of Asheville, N. C. "Another
View of Socialism." Medal presented by Robert T, Gray, founder of the
award, Raleigh, N, C, Columbian. Lawyer.

1910 - Clarence Shaw Warren of Ljmchburg, Tenn. "The Classics and Citizenship."
Hesperian. Teacher.

1911 - Henry Grady Hedrick of Lexington, N. C. "The Influence of the West in
American Politics." Hesperian, Lawyer.

1912 - Walter Glasgow Sheppard of Farmville, N. C. "Americans' Greatest Mission."
Hesperian. Lawyer.

1913 - ^nton Holton of Durham, N. C. "Imperialism and the South." Medal pre-
sented by Henry E, Litchfield, Raleigh, N. C. Hesperian. Teacher.

1914 - Ernest Creasy Durham of Roscoe, N. C. "America and Evangelism." Hesper-
ian. Minister.

1915 - Bascom Weaver Barnard of Asheville, N, C. "The Party Man and the Indivi-
dual Voter." Medal presented by Congressman John H. Small, Washington, D.C.
Columbian. Landscape Architect.

1916 - Vailiam Roy Shelton of Asheville, N. C. "War and Its Aftermath." Medal
presented by Dr. W. P. Few. Hesperian.

■•♦'--..-irrC-W

V:V:Jl

,1C

."SC y:.

aoBii-

-e'

,■.. , ^ , T

130

1917 - Henry Clay Greenberg of Durham, N. C. "Public Interest in Politics."
Hesperian, Lawyer,

1918 - Egbert Milton Splvey of Farmville, N. C, "Our Neighbors." Colmbian,
Insurance ,

1919 - Jesse Herbert Lanning of Linwood, H, C, "America's Place in a World
Peace." Medal presented by Joseph H, Seapark, Gastonia, N. C, Columbian,
Minister,

1930 - Norman Martin West of Council, N^ C, "ITational Seclusion versus Inter-
national Cooperation," Columbian.* Lawyer.

1921 - Claude Hardin Moser of Cherryville, N, C. "British Navalism versus
American Commercialism. " Columbian, Minister,

1922 - Robert Dwight Ware of Albemarle. N, C, "National Policy Responsive to
Popular Will." Columbian, Minister,

1923 - Thomas Banks Bradley of Newman, Ga. "Americanism: Idealistic and 14ater-
ialistic," Columbian, Manufacturer.

P 1924 - William Norwood Hicks of Durham, N. C, "Human Progress and the Teacher."
Not member of a literary society. Teacher.

1925 - Ernest Golden Overton of South Creek, N, C, "Battles for Progress in
the South." Columbian, Minister,

f 1926 - Whiteford S, Blakeney, Jr., of Monroe, N, C. "The Worst Tendency in
College Life Today," Columbian, Lawyer,

1927 - Lonnie Emerson Nail of Winston-Salem, N, C, "Progress, Resources, and
Needs of North Carolina." Not member of a literary society. Student.

1928 - Clarence Ray Carpenter of Cherryville, N, C. "Peace and the International
Mind," Medal presented by Robert L, Durham, Columbian. Student,
Psychologist.

1929 - Richard Fred Roper of Washington, D, C, "Our Constitution; the Hope of
the Nation," Hesperian, Executive Secretary, Democratic National Committee,

1930 - Everett Broadus Weatherspoon of Durham, N, C, "A Fallacy in American
Administration of Justice," Medal presented by B, S, Womble, Winston-
Salem, N, C, Hesperian. Educational administrator.

1931 - Joseph Gaither Pratt of Wins ton- Salem, N. C, "The Outlook for Peace."
Medal presented by Dr. G, R. Combs of Charlotte, N, C, Hesperian.
Psychologist.

1932 - William Patrick Farthing of Durham, N. C. "Democracy, the Hope of the
Nations." Medal presented by Dr. G. R. Combs, Durham, N, C, Hesperian.
Lawyer,

",30X^1::. teeite^nl oil . . I lo %■ ! - Vie

^e;i

.•iiOiw.

T^, 1'..

' «•

"I'-i

.10

i-I s ^

t'*i*? . . ,r.o55,cJ:f . b»rtl i)tsxfol

,fn«j^rt(Cf to nor :'^ t."*P'

• t

.0 ,H . .

131

1933 - Lawson Beasley Knott of Wendell, K. C. "The Myth of Leadership."
Medal presented hy Dr. R. L. Flowers. Columhlan. Stiident, Lawyer.

1934 - Clai"bome Barksdale Gregory of Durham, N. C. "Democracy." Medal
presented by Dr. W, P. lev. Lawyer.

1935 - Alphonzo C. Reynolds of Asheville, N. C. "The World Challenges the
Educator. " Teacher.

1936 - Charles Maxwell McCallister

1937 - Clark Walter. Jr., of New York City.

1938 - Samuel Wade Marr, Jr., of Raleigh, N, C. "Protolani and Platitudes."
Minister.

1939 - LeRoy Alexander Scott of Kannapolis, N. C.

Minister.

1940 - Joseph 0. Tally, Jr., of Fayetteville, "The First Step."

Lawyer.

Of the 62 winners of the Wiley Gray Medal

19 became ministers
18 " lawyers
10 " teachers

6 " Imsiness men

3 " farmers

1 " a civil engineer

1 " a landscape gardner and architect

1 " a politician

3 have unknown occupations.

Distribution between the two literary societies is almost equal. Through 1933
the score was: Columbian 26, Hesperian 27. Since then, few of the speakers have
been active in the societies.

3-; 2c ex

8fTO,'

Bibliography

If an attempt had ever "been made to write a complete history of
Duke University, there would he no excuse for this volume. There is very
little reliable published material on the history of the institution, in com-
parison with possibilities for such publication. Dr. William K. Boyd was
interested in seeing additional material published, and put forth a great
deal of effort in that direction, thro\3gh the Trinity College Historical
Society and other channels. A student of his, Nora Chaff in, has continued
this effort, and is perhaps the only person qualified to write an authori-
tative history of the institution. Portions of her work have been published
from time to time in the Alumni Register. In the Summer of 1942 she is to
coiaplete a volume of such material. Publication has not been scheduled.

It is believed that all conveniently available sources of factual
material concerning student organizations and enterprises have been consiilted.
These consist of: catalogues and bulletins of the institution, student publi-
cations, and miscellaneous pamphlets; biographies of persons concerned with
the institution's leadership; and records in possession of officers of groups
still active. There has been some correpondence with former leaders of stu-
dent organizations, but atteinpting to gather such information by mail has been
found to be generally \insatisfactory. Practically all published material on
the subject is to be f o\md in the Treas\ire Room of the University Library.
Some additional material is on file in the University News Service.

As noted heretofore, there has been relatively little consulting of
general works on the subject of leadership in college and after. There have
been some studies on this and related subjects; but since they have no bearing
on soiirces for such a study at Duke University, and since the present volume is
intended primarily as a collection of source materials, these are not listed.

The reliability of student publications is sometimes more in the
realm of hope than actuality, but since much of the information was obtainable
from more than one publication, and all available sources were cons-ulted, there
seems little reason to doubt the accuracy of most information credited to such
publications. fThe most glaring inaccuracies are in the spellings of proper
names in Appendix A.

9rtnn

.11 CJ

Ofl 8f

133

Sotirces Consulted

Archive, The. Monthly literary publication of students of Trinity College and
Duke University, begun in 1887.

Baird, William Raimond, Baird's Manual, American College rraternities.

Edited by Francis W. Shepardson. Menasha, Wis.: George Banta Publishing
Co., 1935.

Chanticleer, The. Student yearbook, begun 1912.

Christian Educator, The. Volumes 1-3. Begin in 1896, Durham,

Chronicle , The. Student newspaper, established in 1905.

Cline , John. Thirty-Eight Years of the South Atlantic Quarterly — A Chapter in
the Progress of Liberalism in the South. Master's Thesis, submitted 1940.
Duke University Library.

Crowell, John Pranklin. Personal Recollections of Trinity College, North
Carolina, 1887-1894. Durham: Duke University Press, 1939.

Dowd, Jerome. The Life of Braxton Craven. Durham: Duke University Press,
1939. Also, the 1896 edition.

Duke Handbook, 1940-41. Published by the Student Y. M. C. A.

Duke University Altunni Register. Preceded by Trinity College Alumni Register.

Duke University Catalogues, and Catalogues of Trinity College.

Durham Morning Herald.

Garber, Paul Neff . John Carlisle Kilgo, President c£_ Trinity College . 1894-
1910. Durham: Duke University Press, 1937.

Motion Picture Herald, May 33, 1936. New York.

North American Review, Oct, 1930.

Southern Coach and Athlete. Decatur, Ga, December 1940.

StTident's Handbook of Information. Woman's College, Duke University. 1938-39.

Trinity Park School Catalogue.

York, Brantley. Autobiography. Durham: The Seeman Printery, 1910. Published
as Volume 1 of the John Lav/son Monographs of the Trinity College Historical
Society.

ftr .-'.'■ '\'3r:

\: ^.r-fJ-

-:.-."<- r-j :

ax.i.c V

•-*— OW(i_

Index

Ho attempt has iDeen made to completely index all sections. Most refer-
ences are to the main "body of the volume, the first 165 pages. NTimhers in
parentheses refer to the ^pendices. Names of organizations treated in the
volume are in all caps.

Ahbott, Edwin B. . 34

ACACIA CLUB, 112

Ad.doms, Ruth, 132, 151

AD31PHIAN LIT3JEARY SOCIDTY, 11

ABP CLUB, 150, (3)

Aiken, J. H., 24

ALIEN CLUB, 146

Allen, Gay, 13

ALPHA CHI, 98, 101, (3)

ALPHA DELTA PI, 117. (3)

ALPHA EPSILQN PHI, 116, (4)

ALPHA ETA, 130

ALPHA ETA BHO, 158

ALPHA KAPPA KAPPA, 138, (4)

ALPHA KAPPA PS I , 140, (5)

ALPHA (M&Qk ALPHA, 138, (5)

ALPHA a^GA SIGMA, 112

ALPHA PHI, 119, (6)

ALPHA PI SIGMA, 111

ALPHA SIGMA SIG14A, 159

ALPHA SIGI^ TAU, 112

ALPHA TAU OMEGA, 96, 101, 113, (6)

ALPHA ZSTA PHI, 112

Alspaugh, J. W. , 7

ALSPAUGH HOUSE, 149, (6)

ALUMHI ASSN. OP TRINITY PARK SCHOOL.

149
AMBASSADORS Orchestras, 79
American Association of University

Professors, 158
American Association of University

Voman, 85, 158
AMERICAN IITSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS, 137, (7)

AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE, 51
AMERICAN SOCIETY (F CIYIL ENGINEERS,

136, (7)
AMERICAN SOCIETY OP MECHANICAL

ENGINEERS, 137, (7)
AMERICAN STUDENT UNION, 50, 152, (8)
American Women's Volunteer Services,

151
Americana Cluh. 158
Anderson. Joseph R. , 101
ANTI-CUSSIN' CLUB, 159
ANTIiWAR SOCIETY, 152
ARCHIVE, 12. 16, 22, (8)
ARLINGTON BOARDING CLUB, 150
Armstrong, Prof, J, L,, 16
Arnold. Dean D. M. , 97, 101, 104, 107,

130
ART ASSOCIATION, 158
ATHENA LITERARY SOCIETY, 10, 48, 8 3,

(10)
ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION, 89, (lO)
ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. WOMEN'S, 56, 93,

161, (11)
AUTOCRACY SMASHERS, 51, (11 )
Aviation, 151, 152. 157, 158
AVIATION CLUB. 157
AYCOCK HOUSE. 149. (ll)

BACHELORS' CLUB, 106, 107. Ill
Bailey. Jean. 124
Baker. E. T., Ill, - 40
Baldwin, Dean Alice, 156
BAND, 71, (11)

-'i.

,c.

rr.i

■ X .v*

{?:) ,101

Q.^ r

135

Bandy, J. M,, 131

BAPTIST STUDENTS' UNION, 58, (l2)

BAH ASSOCIATION, 142, (12)

Barnes, Evelyn, 74, 81
J, Poster, 55, 66, 85
Mrs, J.Poster, 68, 81

BASSETT HOUSE, 149, (13)

Bassett, John Spencer, 127

Baum, Paull F., 13

Bean, Eobert T. , 154

Beer made legal, 32

Belk, Henry, 14

BENCH AND BAR, 143, (l3)

Bennett, P. S,, 24

Bennett, Rith, 119

Beta Cl-ab, 102

BETA NU, 111

BETA OlfflGA SIGMA, 42. 47, (13)

BETA PI, 106

BETA THSTA PI, 97, 99, 101

BIBLE CLASS, LAW, 57, 144

BIBLE CLASS, OPEN PORUM, 57, (l4)

BIBLE CLASS, WOICSN'S, 57

Biddle, Mary Duke, 113

Bingham, Robert W. , 101

BIOLOGY CLUB, 132, (14)

BIRD CLUB, 133

Bivins, J. P., 17

Black, Martin Lee, 106

Blackljum, William, 13

Blomauist, H, L. , 132

BLUE 'boors, 159

BLUB COMBINE, 38

BLUE DE7IL, 20

Blue Devils Orchestras, 76, 77

BLUB DUKES, 80

BLUB IMP, THE, 20, 21. (14)

"SltE lilFS.IlLEN STANLEY and. 77

BLUE STOCKING CLUB, (15), Addenda

BOARD DIG CLUBS, 150

BONUS BILL, THE, 154

ioston University Theological Sem-
inary, 154

BOTANICAL CLUB, 132, (15)

Boyd, William K., 129, 145

Bradsher, Arthur, 18

Braswell, J. Win., 110

BRAXTON CRAVEN EDUCATION ASSN. ,
144, (15)

Breedlove, J. P., 7, 125

British War Relief Society, 151

BROOKS (ETigene Clyde) LITERARY
SOCIETY, 10, 48, (l5)

BROOMSTICK BRIGADE, 151

Br over. A, S., 151

Brown, Prank C., 13, 91, 130

BRCWN HOUSE, 149, (l6)

Brovm, Les, 77, 79

Brown, R. H., 15

Brown, Ted, 4-0

BRYAN-KERN CLUB, 52

Bulla, G. M.. 106

Burke, Joe, 79

BUZZARD CLUB, 160

Cabell, James Branch, 13

CALDWELL COUNTY CLUB, 148, (16)

CALHOUN LITERARY SOCIETY, 10

Callahan, Peter, 82

CAMERA CLUB, 155

CAMPUS CLUB, 158

Cannon, James, III, 129

Caps for freshmen, 30

Card, W. W. , 91

Carlisle, Ben, 151

Carmichael, W, D. , 105

Carnegie Poundation, 49

Carpenter, C, Ray, iii, 86

Carr 0, W. 7

CATHOLIC STUDENTS' CLUB, 58, (l6)

CAT'S HEAD CLUB, 13, 22, (16)

CAT'S MEOW. 13, 22

CERCLE PRANCAIS, 25

Chaff in, Nora C, 44

Chandler, Lucille, 124

CHANTICTJIEE, 19, (l6)

CHAPLAINS OP FUTURE WARS, 153, 154, (l7)

CHATHAM CCUNTY CLUB, 148, (17)

Cheatham, David Lewis, 102

CHEMISTS' CLUB, 133, (18)

CHESS CLUB, 156, (18)

CHI DELTA PHI, 12, (18)

CHI PHI, 96, 97, 102, (l9)

CHI TAU. Ill

Choir, Chapel, 67

Christian education, 15

CHRISTIAN EDUCATOR, 16

CHRISTIAN HORIZOtTS. 63

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE SOCIETY, 58

CHRONICLE, 14, 17, (19)

CHURCH CLUB, 60

CHURCH, DUKE UNIVERSITY, 59

CIRSA, 34

ISI

,21^1

,ffUaJ

::^ .1

dOI .

.-^lai

^I) ,^Z .

-ffiSS 1^5 *' ^P /"C*

136

Civic organizations. Chap. Ill

Civil Aeronautics Authority, 151

Classes, 1923-1944, 21-35

CLASSICAL CLUB, 34, (30)

Class of 1912, 19

Class of 1922, 29

Class of 1939, 37

Cleaveland, Fred N., 59

CLEVELAITO COUNTY CLUB, 148, (24)

Clute, Jasper, 13

Coffer-Miller Players, 85

coir, ORDER OP THE, 143, (25)

COLLE&E COITQRESS, 9

COLLEGg HERALD, 15

COLLEGE POETRY SOCIETY, 12, Addenda

COLLEGIAMS orchestra, 78

COLUICBIA LITERARY SOCIETY, &. 17,

23, 51, (25)
Combines, political, 38
Commencement orators, Wiley Gray, 6,

125
C0I4MERCLAL CLUB, 140
Communist Party, 152
CCMMUIIITY CLUB, 158
Concert Series, University, 85
Co-operative Society, Student-Faculty,

projected, 36
Corriher, Douglas, 23, 152
COSMOPOLITAN CLUB, 146, (28)
Cotton, Mrs, Wm. J. H. , 57
Courtney, Bill, 20
Courtney, Yince, 80
Covington, Celestia, 117
Craig, Golden, 98
Cranford, Eli Wade, 109
Cranford, W. I., 128
Craven, Braxton, 6, 15, 53
Crawford, Phil H. , 110
Crowell, John Franklin, 53, 127
CROWELL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, 131
Crum, Mason, 57, 136
CUICBERLMTD COUNTY CLUB, 148
Cummings, Homer S., 154
Cuninggim, Merrimon, 59
Cunningham, Bert, 108, 132
CURRENT TOPICS CLUB, 48
Cutter, V/alter, 161

"D" CLUB, 92, (28)

D. D. CLUB, see Delta Delta

Dad's Day, 54

D-I>fflN, FRANZ GERARD AND HIS, 78, 79

DAMNED FOOLS' LAUGHING ASSN., 159

DANCE STUDY CLUB, 160

Dancing, 75, 94, 113

DANTfEAH LITERARY CLUB, 12

DAVENPORT COLLEGE CLUB, 149, (28)

DAVIDSON COUNTY CLUB, 148

DEBATE COUNCIL, 10

DEBATERS' CLUB, 10, (29)

DEBATERS' CCXJNCIL, 9

DEBATING COUNCIL, WOMEN'S, 10

Declamation contests, 128

"Defense Courses," 151

DeHart, James, 108

DELTA CHI, 130, (29)

DELTA CHI UPSILON, 119

DELTA DELTA, 104

DELTA DELTA DELTA, 119

DELTA EPSILQN. 122

DELTA EPSILON SIGMA, 136, (30)

DELTA GAMMA, 120, (29)

DELTA PHI ALPHA, 26, (31 )

DELTA PHI RHO ALPHA, 93, (31)

DELTA PS I, 123, (32)

DELTA SIGMA PHI, 104, (32)

DELTA TAU DELTA, 104, (32)

DELTA UPSILON, 119, (30)

DELTA UPSILON BETA, 82

DEMOCRATIC CLUB, 52

DeMOLAY FRATERNITY, 97, 112

Der Tatevasian, Roosevelt, 21, 32, 39,

97, 153
DEUTSCHSR VEREIN, 26, (33)
DINING ASSOCIATION, 150
Dining halls, 30, 35, 36, 150
DISTAFF. 19, (33)
Divinity School, 154
DIXIE FOUR, 67
Dollard, John, 159
DONS, THE, 112

Dormitories, Freshmen, 20, 149
Dormitories, V^omen's, 45, 149
Dormitory proctors, 35, 149
Douglass, Elinor, 119
Dow, Mr. and Mrs. Neal, 25, 151
DRAMATIC SOCIETY, 83
Drinking among students, 32
DUCAT, THE DUKE, 22
DUCHESS, 20

,se ,<

frx'\ ne

'UJ.J.

■ ■■;-• f

DUKE AMBASSADORS, 79, (34)

Dug DOLPHIN, 151

FU^ ENGINEER, 135

g^ 'H' RJCHBSS, 20, 21. 22, (34)

15WS PlAYERS, 83, 85, (35)

DUKE SOCIETY OP MECHAHICAl ENGHJEERS,

137
DUKE UNIVERSITY CHURCH, 59
DUKE UNIVERSITY DAMES, 158
Dunlap, Jack W, , 34
DUPLIN COUNTY CLUB, 148, (36)
DURHAM HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (36^
Dtirham. R. L. , 128
Diirhain Recorder, 18
DURHAM STAMP CLUB, 156

ECONOMICS CLUB, 140

Edgerton, Charles David, 109

Edmondson, L. H. , 32, 34

EDUCATION CLUB, 144

Edwards, C, W. , 134

EJECTION CLUB, 159

EKO-L, 128, (36)

Elder, Bill, 80

Ellwood, Charles A., 144

Enrployment Service, "Y", 54

Engineering students, 39, 150

ENGINEERS' CLUB, 135, 150, (37)

ENGIKEERS' POHUM, 57, 136

ENGLISH CLUB, GRADUATE, 27, 145

Enrollment, 5, 44

EPISCOPAL VESTRY, 58, (37)

EPSILON ALPHA SIGMA, 107

ERASMUS CLUB, 158

ERO MATIAN SOCIETY, 10, (37)

EVERGREEN, THE, 15

EXPLORERS' CLUB, 156, 161, (37)

EX-SERVICE MEN'S CLUB 150, (37)

FACULTY CLUB, 158
Panning, J. D. , 132
Parries, James J., 13
Peering, Roller t B., 70, 71
FENCING CLUB, 91
Ferris, Dotiglas, 98
Few. William P. , 28

137

Fictitious organizations, 159

FLAES, 159

FLORIDIAN CLUB, 147, (38)

FLYING CLUB, 157

Foard, Henry Gilbert, 18

FOLIO CLUB, 158

FOLKLORE SOCIETY, 13, (38)

Football, 90

FOOTBALL CLUB, 90

Forensics, 5

FOREST-BIOLOGY CLUB, 133

FORESTRY CLUB, 133

FORSYTHE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (38)

FORTNIGHTLY CLUB, 12*

FORUM CLUB, 24. (38)

Forum Committee, VSG, 46, (39)

FRATERNITY PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL, 32, 34,

35, 37, 42. 113. (39)
Freemasonry, 112
FRENCH CLUB, 25, (39)
FRESHMAN ADVISERS, 48, 56
FRESHMAN ADVISORY COUNCIL, 42
Freshman caps. 30

FRESHMAN COMMISSI ON, YVCA. 56, (40)
Freshman dormitories. 20, 149
FRESHMAN FRIENDSHIP COUNCIL. 55, (40)
FRESHMAN SCHOLASTIC ADVISORY COUNCIL,

130
Fuller, Ralph, 13
FUTURE TEACHERS CLUBS, Addenda

GAMIU DELTA, 26

GAMMA ETA GAMMA, 142. (40 )

GARDEN CLUB. 156

Gardiner. Anne. 156

GARDNER-FQR-GOVERNOR CLUB 52

GASTON COUNTY CLUB. 148. (40)

Gaston. W. G. . 24

Gates. A. M.. 23

Gates. Mrs. ArthTir M,. 55

Geographical clubs. 146

Gerard. Frank. 79

GERMAN CLUB. 25. (40)

Gibbons. Virginia, 120

Gibson, A. B. , 13

Gilbert, Alan H. , 14

GILES HOUSE. 149, (41 )

Gill. W, F. . 24

"Gillander Act." 37

!?SX .'^r

rc .os: .

138

Oillespie, J, Stewart, 20
Glasson, W. H., 48, 129
Glasson, Mrs, W H, , 55
GLEE CLUB Ami OHCHBSTBA ASSN.. 68,

76, (41)
GLEE CLUB MENS, 65, (4l)
GLEE CLUb| WOMEN'S, 68, (42)
Glover, "Foots," 78
GOBLINS, 110, (43)
GOLP CLUB, 91, (43)
Gore, H^ Grady, 98
Grade School Clubs, Durham, 56
GRADUATE CLUB, 160, (43)
GRADY LITERARY SOCIETY, 10
GRAND CONSOLIDATED GLEE-BANJO-HAEPSI-

CHQED- CLEVIS CLUB, 65, 68
GRAND DUKES, 80
GRAND STAND CLUB, 160
GRANVILLE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (43a)
Grayson, Allan 151
GREATER DUKE ctUB, 28, (43a)
GRIATEIR TRINITY CLUB, 28, 44, (43a)
Greek, 23

Gregory, Claiborne, 9
Griffin, Gerald, 98
GUILFORD COUNTY CLUB, 148, (44)

HILL-EL, 118, (49)

Hinde, B. C, 134

Hirst, Donald V., 42

HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Trinity College,

145, (49), (109)
Hodges, John Daniel, 102
Hoffman, U. N., 17
Holland, Philemon, 106
Holmes, Reid T. , 97
Holt, Ivan Lee, 62
Holt, Malcolm, 157
Honeycutt, A, Wilson, 161
Honeycutt, W^ J,, 154
HONOR COUNCIL OP School of Medicine,

139
Honors in graduating classes, (50)
Honor system, undergraduate, 30
HOOF AND HORN CLUB, 82, 116
HOOVER CLUB, 52
HOTEL CLUB, 150
House of Representatives, 31
Hov/erton, Edgar M. , 66
Huckahee Fund, 60
HUGHES LAW CLUB, 142
HUMAN NATURE CLUB, 159
Huston, Ted, 80
Hutchings, C, M. , 24

HADES CLUB, 161, (44)

Hall, Louise, 119

Hammer, Mme. Borgny, 85

Hamrick, John M, , 34

Hancock, Robert, 151

HAND BALL ASSN. , 90

Hansel, Johnny, 80

HAPPY FOUR qUARTST, 67

HARMON-FOR-PEESIDENT CLUB, 52

HARNETT COUNTY CLUB, 148, (45)

Harriss, R, P. , 13 *

Harte, Sheldon, 51

Hatcher, Bob, 93

Hatley, C. C, 134

"Hell Week," 114

Hendricks on, Horace, 34

Herring, Herbert J., 8, 57, 86

HESPERIAN LI^nSRARY SOCIETY, 7, 17.

23, (45)
HESPERIAN UNION, 8, 51, (48)
Hickman, Frank S. , 60
HIKING CLUB, 156

ICH DIENE CLUB, 160
Inaugural Ball, 30
INDEPENDENT. TEE DUKE, 22
Independent Party, 38, 97
Inspection, Committee of, 35
INSTRUl^CENTAL MUSIC ASSN.. 70, 85, (6l)
Inter-Campus Relations Committee, (61 )

Addenda
INTERNATIONAL CLUB, 147, (6l)
INTERSTATE PROGRESSIVE CLUB, 147, (6l)
IOTA GAMMA PI, 132, (6l)
IREDELL LAW CLUB, 143
I SIGNA PHI, 159
ISOTES, 124, (62)
IVY, 131, (62)

JARVIS HOUSE, 149, (62)
Jazz music, 74

e » "^ • t

.53 .

139

Jeffers, Katherine, 134
Jennings, Bill, 91
Jordan, Charles E,, 2, 86

JOURNALISM CLUB, 14

JUNIOR BIG SISTERS, 48, (62)

KADAVRE CLUB, 139

KAPPA ALPHA, 34. 105, 113, (63)

KAPPA ALPHA THETA, 120, (63)

KAPPA DELTA., 117, 121, (63)

KAPPA DELTA PI , 144, (64)

KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA, 122, (64)

KAPPA KAPPA PSI, 82, (65)

KAPPA SIGMA, 96, 105, 113, (66)

KEYS CLUB, 97, 101, 112, (66)

Kidd, Stephen, 161

Kllgo, Fannie, 116

Kilgo-Gattis Case, 16

Kilgo House, 20

Kilgo, John Carlisle, 15, 28, 60, 105

"King Paucus," 34

K ing ' s Daughters • Hoiae , 56

Kramer, Paul, 133

LAMBDA CHI ALPHA, 22, 106, (66)

LAMBDA PHI GAMI^IA, 82

Laney, Nick, 77, (l4)

Langs ton, John Dallas, 109

Language clubs, 23

Lassiter. Bill. 77

Latin, 23

LAUGHING ASSN., 159

Law, R, A., 105

Law School Guild, 143

LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 146, (68)

LEAGUE OP v;OMEN VOTERS, 44. 48, (68)

Lee, John D,, Jr., 154

Leftwich, George E. (Jelly), 69, 71

Legal Aid Clinic, 56

Legal fraternities, 141

LehrTsach, Chip, 77, Addenda

LeSourd, H. M., 108

Lewis, LeRoy, 8

Lewis, Modena, 160

Lewis, Richard q. , 39

LIBERAL CLUB, 50

Liberalism, faculty and student, 32

Libraries of literary societies, 7

Litaker, Lucille, 56

Literary clubs, 11

Liquor legalized, 33

Londow, E, J., 24

Long, Johnny, 71, 73, 78, (68)

LOST CHORD (QUARTET, 67

Lundeberg, 0, K. , 26

LUTHER LEAGUE, 58, (68)

LYCURGIAN LITERARY SOCIETY, 11

Mage 8, Douglas, 143
Manchester, Alan K. , 130
MANDOLIN CLUB, 72, 76
MANDOLIN CLUB WOMEN'S, 70, 73
MARqfJIS, LES,'93
MASONIC CLUB, 112
MATHEMATICS CLUB, 134
Matthews, R. T.
McCracken, Charles W. , 42
McCrary, J, Ray., 128
McDermott, Malcolm, 57, 144

McDowell county club, i48, (68)

McMillin, E. R. (Dutch), 79

MECKLENBURG COUNTY CLUB, 148, (68)

Medical societies, 138

MENDACITY CLUB, 159

MEN'S STUDENT GOVERNMENT, 28, 42, 50,

(69)
Merritt, A. H. , 24
Merritt, Ruth Willard, 44
Messenkopf, Phil, 80

METHODIST STUDENTS' UNION, 51, 58, (70)
Metz, Jean, 120, 144
Military clubs, 150
MILK BROTHERS QPARTET, 67
Miller, Garfield, 39
Miller, Justin, 156
MINISTERIAL ASSN.. UNDERGRADUATE, 50.

60. (71)
Mitchell, Phil, 157
MODERN DANCE GROUP, 94, 160
MONTGOMERY COUNTY CLUB, 148, (72)
Moorhead, John, 20
MOOT COURT, 141
MORDECAI LAW CLUB, 141, (72)
Moss, Florence, 60
Motion pictures, 86

CK ^

(l^V .

r^c

,oOX /

j8 .coTxrJoxix no

140

Motley, Doiaglas, 79

MOUNTAIN BOOMERS' CLUB, 147, (72)

Mouzon, Mrs, J, C, 119

MU KAPPA KLAN, 110

MU LAMBDA, 122

Music, 54, 65, 85

MUSICAL CLUBS, 69, (72)

MUSICAL CLUBS, WOMEN'S, 70

MUSIC STUDY CLUB, 81, 85, (73)

I4UTUAL AID-TO-THB- STUCK SOCIETY, 159

NASH COOTTTY CLUB, 148, (74)

National Youth Administration, 51, 87

NATURAL HISTORY CLUB. 132, (74)

NAtJSEATING ORDER OF CHBWERS, 159

NAVAL CLUB, 150, (74)

NEEDLEWORK GUILD, 156, (74)

Negro employees, 35

Nelson, E. W, , 13, 109

NEREIDIAU CLUB^ 94, (75)

Nesljitt, William R. , 42, 140

NEWCOMERS' CLUB, 158

KEW HANOVER COUNTY CLUB, 148, (75)

Night club, 79

NIKETY-NIHETEEN, iv. 11. 14, 127.

(75)
Norman, William Capers. 102
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY CLUB, 148
NROTC CLUB, 151
NU BETA PHI, 118, (75)
Nursing School, 156
Nushaum, Herhert S., ii
NU SIGMA, 132, (76)
NU SIGM NU, 138, 139, (76)
Nye, Senator Gerald P., 50

Odell, Robert H. , 157. 158
OPPICSHS' CLU3, 150, (76)
OMEGA, 113

OMICRON CHI EPSILQN, 62, (76)
OMICRON DELTA KAPPA, 130, (77)
OMICRdT KAPPA, 130
Orators, Wiley Gray, 6
f! 0RCHESI3, 160

ORCHESTRA, CONCERT, 71
ORCHESTRA, WCMBN'S, 70, 73, (8l)

ORIGINAL RESEARCH SOCIETY, 159
Otis, James 0,, Jr., 34
OUR GANG, 113
OVERALL CLUB, 161
OWLS, 113

PAGE-FOR-GOVERNOR CLUB, 52

Page, Walter Hines, 101

Palais d'Or Night Club, 79

PAN-AMERICAN CLUB, 146, (82)

Pan-Hellenic House. 116

PARK SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSN. , 89

PARK SCHOOL GAZETTE, 17, 23

Parker, W, G. , 105

PARTHENON CLUB, 34, (82)

Parties, Political, 38

Patrick, Ben M. , 161

Patterson, Carmen, 157

Patterson, Prof. K, B., 72

Patterson, Mrs. K. B., 68

Pawling, Arthur S., 97

Payton, Jack, 80

PEACE AGENT, 23, 152

Peace conference, 50

Peele, W. W., 55

PEGASUS, 93

Pegram, William Howell, 102, 131

PEGRAM CHEMISTRY CLUB, 133, (82)

PEGRAI4 HOUSE, 149, (83)

RENTE, 108

Peppier, C. W. , 57, 129

Peppier. Mrs. C, W. , 57

PERSON COUNTT CLUB, 148, (83)

Persons, Elizabeth Anderson, 131

PERSONAL ADVISERS, 48

PHI.THS: DUKE, 22

PHI WS£YS^?k, 129

PHI BETA PI, 138, 139, (83)

PHI CHI, 138, 139, (84)

PHI DELTA PHI, 142, (84)

PHI DELTA THBTA, 22, 96, 106, (84)

PHI ETA SIGM, 130, (85)

PHI KAPPA DELTA, 113

PHI KAPPA PSI, 107, (85)

PHI KAPPA SIGMA, 108, (86)

PHI "MU, 122, (87)

PHI SIGMA, 132, (87)

PHI SIGMA DELTA, 96, 108, (88)

PHONOGRAPHERS' CLUB, 161, (88)

^; , .

aCi. ,

■-■ ' ^ t -

..-X ,Ti

c . i:f

141

(89)

PHOTOGRAPHERS' UWION, 155

PHYSICS CLUB, 134, (88)

Physioc, Martha, 119

PI BETA PHI, 122, (88)

PI BPSILQN PI, 108, (89)

PI GAMMA MU, 144, (90)

PI KAPPA ALPHA, 109, 113,

PI KAPPA PHI, 109, (90)

PI MU EPSILON, 134, (90)

Piper, R. a., 65

PITT COUNTY CLUB, 148, (9l)

Pitts, J, M,, 161

Plyler, A. W. and M. T. , 128

POETRY CLUB, (Sl), Addenda

Police, University, 35

Political groups, Chap, III,

POLI'IY CLUB, 9, 49. (9l)

PRE-MSDICAL SOCIETY, 140, (9l)

PRESBYTERIAN STUDENT GROUP, 58

PRESIDENTS' CLUB, 47, (92)

PRESS ASSOCIATION, 13, (92)

PRESSING CLUB, lei

Prayer, Al, 78

Priddy, John W, , 157, 158

Princeton University, 153

PRIT CHARD-PARKER CLUB, 52

Proctor, A. M,, 24, 110

Proctors, dormitory, 35, 149

PSI DELTA SIG14A, 109, (92)

PS I KAPPA ALPHA, 140

Publications, 14, 35

Publications Board, 12, 20, 21, 30

Publicity Writer, First. 14

QUADRANGLE PICTURES, 55, 86, 113
QUILL CLUB, 14, (92)

Radio broadcasting, 66
Radio Station WDNC, 78
Ragtime music, 74
Ratchford, B. U. , 151
REBELS, 113
Recreation Center, 30
RED CROSS, 30, 44, 151
RED FRIARS, 129, (93)
REGARDLESS FRUIT CLUB, 159

RELIGIOUS DRAMA GUILD, 63, 84, (94)

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ASSN. , 63

Religious Emphasis Week, 54, 60

REPUBLICAN CLUB, 52

RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, 150

"Revolt" of 1934, 31

RIDING CLUB, 93, (96)

RIFLE AND PISTOL CLUB, 157, (96)

ROBERSON COUNTY CLUB, 148, (96)

Roberts, Dr. Christopher, 34

Robbins, W. N., 106

Romance Languages Dept., 25

Roush, Ben, 79

ROYAL DUKE ORCHESTRA, 77

RUTHBHFQHD COLLEGE CLUB 149, (96)

(96)

(98)

SALON FRANC AISS, 25

SAMPSON COUNTY CLUB. 148,

SANDALS, 47, (97)

SANDFIDDLERS' CLUB, 147, (97)

SATURDAY NIGHT CLUB. 11, 158

Schaub, Berkley, 20

Schendorf, Hllliard, 21, 22, 97

Schleyer, Johnn I^tin, 27

SCHOLA CAVEAT, 51

SCHOOL OF RELIGION ASSN., 50, 61,

SCIENCE CLUB, 131, (97)

SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, 131,

SCOUT LEADERS' CLUB,

SCRUB FACULTY, 160,

Seeley, W. J., 137

SEIN FEIGNER, 23

Seeman, Ernest , 156

Shackford, Joe, 32,

Shields, John H. , 141

Shinn, Franklin, 13

Shinn, John L., 40

SIG, THB DUKS, 22

TI5l4A~5IJ'irEPSIL0N, 109, (98)

SIGMA SLPHA OMEGA, 108, (99)

Slffl^IA BETA, 122

SIGMA CHI, 22, 110, (99)

SIGMA DELTA, 107. 121

SIGMA DELTA PI, 26, (lOO)

SIGMA DELTA PSI , 93

SIGMA GAMMA, 111

SIGMA KAPPA. 123, (lOO)

SICK«IA MU, 113

SIGMA NU, 110, IlOl)

(97)

161
(98)

-I .

142

SIGiU mj PHI, 141, (101)

SIGMA PHI EPSILON, 111, 113, (lOl)

SIGMA PI SIGMA 134, (l02)

SIGI-IA SIGMA ALPHA, 159

SIGr^A TAU, 120

SIGMA TAd ALPHA, 113

SIGIU TAU DELTA, 27, 145, (102)

SlOrlU. UPSILON, 12, 13, (l02)

SIGMA XI, 132, (103)

Slier, Beal H. , 90

Simmons, P. M. , 101

Sington, Pred, 111

SMITH CLTJB, AL, 52

Smith, Richard A, , 34

Smithdeal, Edward Octavius, 109

Social Standards Committee, 46

S0CI3TE FHANCAISE, 25, (l03)

SOCIETY PQR THE PEOPAGATION OP GOOD

COMDUCT, 159
SOUS ML DAUGHTERS OP DUKE ALUMNI,

161
SOPHOMORE CaiMISSIOW, YWCA, 56, (l03)
SOPHOMORE COUNCIL, YMCA, 55, (103)
SORORITY PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL, 44, 116,

(104)
South Atlantic Qyiarterly, 14, 128
SOUTH CAROLINA CLUB, 147, (l04)
SOUTHERN INDEX, 15

S outhern Peace-Action Movement, 23, 152
SOUTHGATE DORMITORY, 39, 150
SOUTHGATE DRAMATIC CLUB, 84
SOUTHGATE GARDEN CLUB, 156
SPANISH CLUB, 26
Spence, H. E., 10, 55, 85
SprinKLe, Rehecca Zirkpatrick, iv
STAG CLUB, 104
Stamaton, Jack, 20, 21
Stamp CluT3, 156

STANLEY COONTY CLUB, 148. (105)
STENOGRAPHERS' CLUB, 161, (105)
Stewart, Rohert P., 20
STIRRUPS, 91
Stokes, Tom, 18
Store, University, 35
STORY-TELLERS ' RING IN DUKE POREST,

160
St owe, W. McPerrin, 154
STRING BAND, 75
STRING QUARTET, 70
Student Activities Office, ii, 161
Student Board, WSG, 47
STUDENT CONGRESS, 9, 49

Student Government, See

Men's Assn.

Woman's College Government
Student Relations Committee, 33
STUDENT RBLIGICXJS COUNCIL, 59, (l05a)
STUDENT VOLUNTEERS, 22, 51, 62, (l05)
Sullivan, Jake, 34
Sunday School, 57
SURRY COUNTY CLUB, 148, (106)
Swett, P. H., 140
SWING KINGS, 80
Swing music, 74

"T" Cluh, 92, (106)

Tally, Joe, 9, 49

Tate, Robert S,, 62

TAU KAPPA ALPHA 9, (106)

TAU PS I aCBGA, 25, (I07a)

TADRIAN PLAYERS, 83, (106)

Taylor, Harry P., 110

TENNESSEE CLUB, 147, (l07)

TENNIS ASSOCIATION 89, (l07)

TERPSICHOREAN SOClilTY, 160

Terry, William Leake, 103

THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 60

THETA ALPHA PHI, 84, (l07)

THBTA DELTA, 117, 123

THETA KAPPA PSI , 138

THETA NU EPSILON, 112

THETA PHI, 62, (l08)

THIRTEEN CLUB, 112

Thomas, Norman, 50

TOMBS, 20, 91, (108)

TOWN BOYS' CLUB, (l07a) , Addenda

TOWN GIRLS' CLUB, 47, (l08)

TRAVEL AGENCY, 161

TRIDENT CLUB, 42, 93, (109)

TRINITY COLLEGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY,

145, (49), (109)
TRINITY GAZETTE, 15, 16
TRINITY' MAGAZISE, 15, 16
Trinity Park School, 10, 23
Trinity Park School Club, 149, (109)
Trinity Prep, 23
TROUBADOUR BAND, 76
Tuesday Evening Recitals, 85
Tunnell, Ross, 161
Twaddell, Preeman, 13
Twilight Horseback Riders, 91
Typing Bureau, 161

{ c

(?.•:

GC.

« (

,i»»

(?ci) .e>

V - * \ : . *

f (

^b ,3l

143

Ukulele ladies, 74
Umstead, Kate &., 34
UNDSHGRADUAOS WRITERS, 12, (llO)
UNION CCOTTY CSLUB^ 148, (llO)
Union Institute Educational Society,

54
UNIVERSITY CLUB QRCHESCRA, 69, (llO)
University of North Carolina, 7, 11,

16, 30, 98, 108, 138
Upchurch, Maude, 10
UpchTirch, W. M. , Jr., ii, 68, 86
Utermoehlen, W. J., 65

VARSITY CLUB, 92

V. D. W., 116

VEUHRAITS OF FUTURE WARS, 153, 154, (ill)

Victory Ball, 30. 42

VIRGINIA CLUB, 147, (112)

"Vision of Zing Paucus," 34

Wiley Gray Speakers, 6,(l25)
Wilkinson, A, A., 13, 155
Wilkinson, Julia, 74
WILSON COUNTY CLUB, 149, (115)
Wilson, Mary Grace*, 124
Wilson, R. N., 133, 161
Wine and beer made legal, 32
Winningham, Theodore, 102
V/interson, Howard, 79
Winton, Ernest, 97, 101
Woman's College established, 19
WOMAN'S COLLEGE GOVERNMENT, 43, 50,

(115)
WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION,

62
WOODROW WILSON CLUB, 52
Wright Refuge, 56
WRITERS' CLUB, 11, (117)

VOLAPUK CLUB, 27
Vollmer, Clement, 109
VOLUNTETilR THE, 22

XI ailCRON, 119

Wade, Coach Wallace, 34

WAKE COUNTY CLUB, 148, (ll2)

Wallace, J. W. , 141

Wannamaker, Dean W, H. , 34

War Relief Society, British, 151

War Savings Societies, 44, 151

Warren, C, S,, 24

WARREl^ COUNTY CLUB, 148, (112)

WARRENTON HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149,

(112)
WAYNE CCUNTY CLUB, 149, (112)
Weaver, Abram, 7
WEATER COLLEGE CLUB, 149, (112)
WEBB SCHOOL CLUB, 149, (113)
Weeks, Stephen B, , 145
West, A. T., 83
WEST DURHAM HIGH SCHOOL CLUB, 149,

(113)
White Combine, 38
WHITE DUCHY, 129, (113)
White, E. L., 106
White, N. I., 13, 23, 34
WHITS WITCH DRAMATIC CLUB. 84

Yelanjian, Louis J., 58

YELLOW DOGS, 112

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSN., 37, 42,

50, 53, 86, 152, (117)
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSN., 44, 50,

55, (118)
York, Brantley, 53

ZETA BETA TAU, 108, 111, (119)

ZETA TAU ALPHA, 123, (119)

.vr

Duke University Libraries

D025892991

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "The front line: materials for a study of leadership in college and after"

See other formats