Fruits attractive to birds --

Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

United States Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Biological Survey

Wildlife Research and Management Leaflet BS-43

Washington, D. C. “s April 1936

FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS - NORTHERN PLAINS STATES
REGION No. 3

[North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas |

By W. L. McATEE, Principal Biologist and Technical Adviser
Office of the Chief

Contents
Regions for which leaflets on fruits attractive to birds are available.
Introduction.

Table 1.--Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds througnout
the United States.

Table 2.--Native fruits of the Northern Plains States for which
Satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available.

Table 3.--Native fruits of the Northern Plains States for most of which
less satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available

Table 4.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for North
Dakota.

Table 5.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for South
LD MeO neae ee eT eee Mite Mapa sy ree uae less Aue sak 5 aK Metin Geter mR RNIN es eur galligge Solute, litey tei mah ikem

Table 6.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for Nebraska. .
Table 7.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for Kansas .

IEE SIE OIE Us enw DALAM VORL Cae ay OATRLAR SOT IESE Lae tat DPR ie Wane ain a Sean a aE near

Xe)

10

13

1a,

le

REGIONS FOR WHICH LEAFLETS ON FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS ARE AVAILABLE

. FIGURE 1.--Map of the United States, showing the 10 regions used in
presenting information on fruits attractive to birds.

As an aid in requesting leaflets, it should be noted that No. BS-41
is for region 1; BS-42, for region 2, etc., with BS-50 for region 10.

-2=

INTRODUCTION

The Northern Plains States are traversed by the dividing line
between the more humid eastern and the less humid western portions of
the United States. This line variably placed a little east or a little
west of the 100th meridian divides the Dakotas and Nebraska about in
halves but runs considerably nearer to the western than to the eastern
boundary of Kansas. Disparity in conditions for plant growth has sug-
gested as desirable the indication in the lists of fruits of species
better suited to the western and eastern districts, respectively. Con-
ditions for trees and shrubs are so trying in the Northern Plains States
that planters should largely be guided by the results obtained from
plantations of the Agricultural Experiment Stations. These institutions
in Region 3 have given special attention to the planting and care of
trees and shrubs. See list of literature on page le.

Table 1 shows groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds
throughout the United States and lists desirable kinds of birds most
fond of the fruit. No barberries, currants, or buckthorns are listed,
because they harbor rusts destructive to plants of economic importance.
Junipers are in almost the same category, as they serve as alternate
hosts for apple rust, but there is no reason why they cannot be used in
districts where apples are not commercially grow, as they are among the
most valuable plants for wildlife. Omitted also are plants poisonous to
Man on contact, as poison ivy and poison sumac, as well as various kinds
dangerously poisonous to domestic animals, as yews, wild cherries, and
nightshades, in spite of the fact that wild cherries are greatly relished
by birds. Browsing animals are known to have been killed by feeding on
the leaves of wild cherries but do not seem to be so seriously affected
by those of plums. Certain plants included among fleshy fruit bearers
in previous publications have been transferred to the list of seed pro-
ducers, hence do not appear in the present series of leaflets. These
include magnolia (Magnolia), bittersweet (Celastrus), and burningbush
(Euonymus).

It should be noted that the fruit-bearing seasons recorded, being
collected from varied sources, tend to be maxima. As a rule they are not
likely to be realized or even approached ina single locality unless
numerous specimens of a given species are present and so distributed in
sun and shade as to favor both early and late fruiting.

The word "“extralimital" as here used in certain table headings

covers plants from other States or regions of the United States as well
as wholly introduced, exotic, or foreign plants.

Baca

al
TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy es

most attractive to birds throughout the

United States

Name of fruit

' Species of birds known to eat the fruit

Common

Generic

; ee Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit
3 ber=

Juniper; reabeanne) Juniperus .e..

Greenbrier cevecee
Bayberry @eeeseeeoeesees
Hackberry @eeeesee¢des

Mulberry eeeeesose

POKEDEELY: cle c.cc:2 6.2

Spicebush @eeesovc0eee?e?
SaSsaTferaSimsrercleteerere

Strawberry cccccsec

= Smilax @esoeeos

suMivarlcabercioe nie

eo eo

Celtis eeeceone

Morus e@oeeoesoe0 0

: Phytolacca ...

WREN ZOD ietelelelsre

: Sassafras ..dce

SPH LPaP ALLA lcislslere

50

59

o2

7

18

02

-4—=

Flicker, mockingbird, robin, eastern
bluebird, cedar waxwing, myrtle warbler,
evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch.

Mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,

: robin, hermit thrush, cardinal.

ee © eo 60

Bobwhite, flicker, downy woodpecker,
eastern phoebe, tree swallow, black-
capped chickadee, Carolina wren, cat-
bird, brown thrasher, hermit thrush,
eastern bluebird, white-eyed vireo,
myrtle warbler, meadowlark, towhee.

Flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker,
mockingbird, brown thrasher, robin,
eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing,
eardinal.

Yellow-billed cuckoo, red-bellied, red-
headed, and downy woodpeckers, eastern
kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin,
wood thrush, cedar waxwing, red-eyed
vireo, yellow warbler, orchard and
Baltimore orioles, scarlet tanager,
cardinal, purple finch.

Mourning dove, flicker, eastern kingbird,
mockingbird, catbird, robin, hermit,
olive-backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes,
eastern bluebird, cardinal.

: Eastern kingbird, wood thrush, veery,

red-eyed vireo.

: Bobwhite, eastern kingbird, catbird,

robin, veery, red-eyed vireo.

: Catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood

thrush, towhee.

TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
United States--Continued

Name of fruit ; Species of birds known to eat the fruit

Common : Eonemig BES
¢ : ber

Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

eo 0°

Raspberry, black- : Rubus ....... : 146
berry : 2

Ruffed. grouse, bobwhite, flicker, red-=-
headed woodpecker, eastern kingbird,
tufted titmouse, wren tit, mockingbird,
catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood and
olive-backed thrushes, eastern bluebird,
cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, orchard
and Baltimore orioles, cardinal, rose-
breasted, black-headed, and pine
grosbeaks, red-eyed, spurred, ant
California towhees, white-throated, fox,
and song sparrows.

ee e090 © oe

e@e ee 89 ef ee e828 ef ee ee
ee ef oo
@o © 60 6@ 60 00 ef 6

thrasher, robin, Bohemian and cedar
waxwings, Baltimore oriole, evening and
pine grosbeaks.

ROSE e-cccccccccce + ROSA cooeecee : OS ; Ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse, prairie
: chicken, bobwhite.
Mountain-ash ..... Sorbus ...cce 13 :; Red-headed woodpecker, catbird, brown

ee ee ef 28 ec ‘ee 2

ee 02 ee eo of

Chokeberry ....ec. Aronia .....2. : el Brown thrasher, meadowlark.

39 Ruffed grouse, robin, purple finch, pine

grosbeak.

Hawthorn ..--.ece- ; Crataegus ...

ec © ee © oe ve oe

© e282 ee ee

Ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant,
mockingbird, robin, cedar waxwing,
: : : purple finch, pine grosbeak, red

2 ; : cerossbill.

ee

HOplCmesesiciesielelese 3 MALUS sescece 3 40

ee
°

Juneberry ........ : Amelanchier . : 42 :; Flicker, catbird, robin, hermit thrush,

: > veery, cedar waxwing, Baltimore oriole.
sumact! eoccccccee 3 ROUS ..eeeee- : 97 +: Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, valley quail,
: ;: : northern and red-shafted flickers, red-=
: : bellied and downy woodpeckers, phoebe,
: : black-capped and Carolina chickadees,
: : : wren tit, Carolina wren, mockingbird,
: : : catbird, brown and California thrashers,

robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,
; white-eyed vireo, towhee, Audubon's

: : warbler, goldfinch, golden-crowned

: : 3 sparrow.

Pepperberry ...... : Schinus ..... : 12 :; Robin, varied and hermit thrushes, cedar
e : : Waxwing, phainopepla.

-5=

TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the

United States--Continued

Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit

: Generic > Num :
: : ber :

Common Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

HOLLy ...ccccccccce : [lOX ....ceee : 48 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, valley quail,

: : : flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker,

R : : mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,

: 8 : robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,
$ 3 : cedar waxwing.

Mockingbird, robin.

ee eo

Supplejack.....ee. : Berchemia aisjeis) LO

Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and

: 5 ; vred-shafted flickers, pileated and red-
: : : bellied woodpeckers, eastern kingbird,
: : : mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,

: : : robin, wood thrush, veery, eastern and
: : : western bluebirds, cedar waxwing,
t)cardinad:

oo of

GRADES Helslelcieicicielsieverein ci V ATU LS irelelsie/eiele FiO

Virginia creeper . : Ampelopsis .. : 38 : Flicker, red-bellied and red-headed wood-
: peskers, yellow-bellied sapsucker,

: tufted titmouse, mockingbird, brown

: thrasher, robin, hermit, olive-backed,

: and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern blue-

: bird, red-eyed vireo, scarlet tanager,

: evening grosbeak, purple finch.

oo eo
ee 0@0 08 @& e060

ee ee of
°

Buffaloberry ..... :; Shepherdia .. 18 :; Sharp-tailed grouse, pine grosbeak.

eo ©@ 89 ee c8 eo
eo

Silverberry, Rus- Elacagnus ooo : 5/ : Prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse,
sian olive, etc.: : : catbird, robin, cedar waxwing.

Wild-sarsaparilla Aralia ...... : 16 :; Bobwhite, robin.

22 ee of

DOGZWOOd ..cccccscee COrTNUS ceccee 93 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and
: redeshafted flickers, downy woodpecker,

eastern kingbird, catbird, brown

eo 00 Sf o¢

: 3 : thrasher, robin, wood, hermit, olive-
: : : backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes,

: H : eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red-

: : eyed and warbling vireos, cardinal,

; evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch,
$ : white-throated and song sparrows.

Sourgum, tupelo .. : Nyssa ....... : 39 : Flicker, robin, olive-backed and gray-
: : : cheeked thrushes, cedar waxwing, purple
A a esbsledotr,

Crowberry ...eee.e+. : Empetrum.....: 40 :; Pine grosbeak, snow bunting.

Bearberry, manza- : Arctostaphylos: 34 : Dusky and ruffed grouse, valley and
nita : : mountain quail, wren tit, fox sparrow.

=6e

TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
United States--Continued

Name of fruit é Species of birds known to eat the fruit
hee Pair Nans Tee sig k
Common : Ceneriche ns ae , Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

°
e

Wintergreen ......- : Gaultheria ...;. 10 ..: Ruffed grouse, wren tit.

Huckleberry ....-. : Gaylussacia . : 46 : Robin, pine grosbeak, towhee.

Bilusehoy Gdagocones Vaccinium 2 Sho hes, 93: Ruffed grouse, valley quail, eastern

: aes -; kingbird, black-capped chickadee, tufted
: ao ais ya : titmouse, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,
: a : hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,* cedar

: :. |: waxwing, orchard oriole, pine grosbeak,

: 7a mic sbOWwnee,.

BEAUGYOCTICVG s)sisjees 2) CALL Carpe vs 3 Ze : Mockingbird, brown thrasher.
Partridgeberry ... : Mitchella ... : 10 : Ruffed grouse.

HLGkepHespeaaie GAsnoos : Sambucus eeee : LI8 :; Valley quail, flicker, red-headed wood-
i : "3. pecker, eastern and Arkansas kingbirds,

oF 5 '; black phoebe, wren tit, mockingbird,

3) : ; catbird, brown and California thrashers,
; } Bake : robin, olive-backed thrush, eastern and
Si : : western bluebirds, phainopepla, red-

i anger a : : eyed vireo, rose-breasted and black-

: . ; headed grosbeaks, California towhee,

: ; : : white-crowned sparrow.

°
oo

Snowberry, coral- : Symphoricarpos: 33 : Sharp-tailed grouse, varied thrush,

berry g ; evening and pine grosbeaks.
Blackhaw, cran- : Viburnum .... : 35 : Ruffed grouse, yellow-billed cuckoo,
berrybush 3 : : flicker, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,

: eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, rose-
breasted grosbeak, purple finch.

Honeysuckle ~..... : Lonicera .... : 18 : Bobwhite, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,
2 : : hermit thrush, pine grosbeak, white-
5 throated sparrow.

1/ parberries (Berberis), buckthorns (Rhammus), and currants (Ribes) are omitted
because they serve as alternate hosts of rusts, attacking wheat, oats, and white pine,
respectively. Yews (Taxus), wild cherries (Prunus), and nightshades (Solanum) also
are omitted as being dangerous stock poisoning: plants.

2/ When 10 or more.
3/ Carries Se rust; should not be planted near valuable orchards.

4/ Only nonpoisonous species of. ‘sumac are bonsiaesed:

5/ Data given are based entirely on field observations; total number of birds
eating the various species of Elaeegnus unknown.
7

TABLE 2.--Native fruits of the Northern Plains States for which

Se ee ae ea

satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available

(Numbers indicate suitability of the plants for: 1, North Dakota; 2, South Dakota;

34, Nebraska; and 4, Kansas.

adapted: E,

Common name

Scientific name..-

Letters denote sections to which the plants are best
eastern or more humid section and WV, western or more arid section)

Remarks

Common juniper....
REG Ceca. c\iaeet cr

Carrionflower..... ‘Smilax herbacea

Bristly greenbrier ‘Smilax IMabSpoaleley Gioia

Hae Keb Cmeiyjas)o sieisisiars ‘Celtis occidentalis
Red mulberry...... ‘Morus rubra.........
WOODS LLY isis. 64) ows ‘Phytolacca americana....
SteaAWDSr Ty. <i. (ss yes ‘Fregaria virginiana

DDO beget sheets eisivane ra ‘Fragaria:americana..

Black raspberry...
Weed OSS alee en dds

Oy cuanto, ese ears VROSE WOOC Susie crenoge reins
SELVACODESERYis << 3 sis ‘Amelanchier canadensis...
Dowhy’ hawthorn.... ‘Crataegus mollis....
Walia: Golam. «2. .).'s-> ‘Prunus americana....
Smooth sumac...... GRNWS SLADTAs cree4es) 10
SiqbEqhe) obits! al Sar eC Rom aeer ‘Rhus trilobata...:,-
Riverbank grape... ‘Vitis vulpina.......

‘Juniperus communis..
‘Juniperus virginiana....

eoecee
#.1e),2) |»

eosee

‘Rubus occidentalis...
‘Rosa arkansana......

evel ya) ie

*) eke) fe
@) je) (0/70
seece

e) wells

eere

Virginia creeper.. :Ampelopsis quinquefolia.

Thicket Uy ‘Ampelopsis vitacea
Silver buffaloberry:Shepherdia argentea

REG OGHCie a eer sfal6 ace

BEAD CM TY ee cious ele ‘Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.
BUGS CTGY w 5.5.60). 15 ‘Sambucus canadensis.....
Nanny bermryscs.. 5 2. ‘Viburnum lentago........
DM OW DSR ie fer erie) (ar ie) 9116 ‘Symphoricarpos occiden-

{EES LAL ESS SUBS Coes SRS ot tS.
Honeysuckle... : .

ee te

‘Cornus stolonifera..

‘Lonicera glaucescens....

I nee

a aviton JACI ya.
4, E. All year.
4, E. Early July to mid-
tember.
4, E. Early July to mid-March.
4

4

. Mid-July to mid-April.

, E. Mid-April to mid-August.

“

3
, &. Mid-July to mid-November.

a2

ney)

nee)

3,4

1;2,3,4, 2. arly May to canis; oulla.

1,2,3,4. Late June to early September.

1,2,3,4. Late June to mid-September.

1,2,3,4. Mid-July to early December.

1,2,3,4. Mid-June to late August.

1,2,3,4, E. Mid-—May to late August.

1,2,3,4, E. Mid-August to mid-October.

1,2,3,4. Mid—June to late August.

12 Sr ae ehueleye ale.

1,2,3,4. W.:cBarly May .to late: August.

1,2,3,4. Mid-July to late October.

1,2;5,4. Karly June to late Manehn

Eom aes

1,2,3,gen.,4, W. Early July to late
September.

1,2,4-. Late June to late December:

Ue aja iyio | WMD \reaes

1,2,3,4. Early June to mid-August.

1,2,gen.,3,4, HE. Mid-July to mid-

April.

‘ 1,2,3,gen.,4. BE. Mid-July to late

December.
Late May to early October.

FA a a eee

which less satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available
d letters see headnote to Table 2)

(For explanation of numbers a:

Scientific name

Common name

Creeping juniper.. ‘Juniperus horizontalis
‘Juniperus scopulorum....

Colorado juniper..

MGOMSe.edi 7 2.45.2 - 4. ‘Menispermum canadense...
Red. raspberry... s ‘Rubus strigosus.....

Baw MONDeErTY << 275 « 3s ‘Rubus parviflorus...
IBURAC EID SIRIRY) a \/5)\2 6, seals

Wie jee

e),9) vce

‘Rubus allegheniensis....
‘ a 8 ea

Remarks

pW) AUS Greaare
June to September.

TABLE 3. --Native fruits of the Northern Plains States for most of which less
satisfactory data on fru. ving seasons are » available--Continued

Common name | Scientific name Remarks

WaMG ROSS FF cisr0 000% nO) Bie u(crbll esl i A 5 in oo dharona). | igi, MukiLMiderice

Orestes aie atcnre to oe) ais ‘Rosa setigera.............:3,4, EH. From mid-July very persis-

: tent.

Mountain-ash...... :Sorbus scopulina..........:2, S.W. Fruit long persistent.
serviceberry...... :Amelanchier alnifolia.....:1,2,3, W. June to August.
Hawthorn.......... :Crataegus chrysocarpa.....'1,2,3.
Pees... 557. «Crataegus cocéimea. (ih. 81S,4, B.
Rrairie crab. .... ‘Malus OCIS 5 Go oe c Sip fens) asa Alyy ly 5) a
BVaTE SUMACin:;...2 | Rhus Copal Minaes (a syslsiar cn Oconee WAlebe tine sear.
Winter grape...... ‘Vitis Stig oko aE ae eae Ave Bie
Southern creeper... : Ampelopsis Cowden: < ccaltnes Do.
Siiverbemny. |. ois Hlaenenus largentéa........hbs2y 8.0.
Russet buffaloberry: Shepherdia canadensis.....: Do.
Padsaesapaniiiins sAraliavnudicaulasd:... ...< 1,2:
imerican spikenard ‘Aralia racemosa........«..:1,2,3,4, EB.
Hunchberry......., :Comus canadensis.....:...:1,2,.%.
Silky dogwood..... :Cornus amomum......,.....,:1,2,3,4, E. June to September.
Prairie dogwood... ‘Cornus RD MAA etsiecbehe: ois: w abareh abies yOlel oe Eye biOmpALISUISt.<
Gray mesneqd<1.( 4. ‘Cornus paniculatas: (:.<0.6i1;2,3, EB.
Roughleaf dogwood. ‘Cornus asperifolia........:2,3,4, E. July to September.
Big whortleberry.. : Vaccinium membranaceum....:2, S.W.
Red wnortleberry.. :Vaccinium scoparium....:.:.! Do.
Persimmon......... ‘Diospyros virginiana......:4, E.
Red elderberry.... :Sembucus micrototrys..:...:2, §.W.
Cranberrybush..... : Viburnum ameri. mum.......:1,2. From July - long persistent.
Blackhaw.......... ‘Viburnum prunifolaum......14, i.
'S13\(0 110) 20053 3 ge ‘ Symohoricarpos racenosus..:l,2. From August - long persistent.
Bemewcnieilic. cs... 8. 'bonicera dioieal? ei. bes. B, 4) Bs

DOleews>.2-. “bonicera sempervirens: s...: Do.

Boe wee ees LONeera hirsutai.s os ssc oa: V2 nou Ne

TABLE 4,.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended
for North Dakota

Common name Scientific name

IDlorerloh gabistig Searels a eee er one cme ey Rosa canina.
kc obaMirelabidareksl ale soi 6 CR cere m Sorbus aucuparia.

DO Monae ssnilania tt SOR UUs) anerucanar
Peking -cotoneaster...... : Cotoneaster acutifolia.
CG@elspuTe WMO mei. -hajqiajsucinct) Crataegus crusgalli.
Washington hawthorn...... : Crataegus phaenopyrum.
Chinese hawthorn......... } Crataegus pinnatifida.
Siberian. crabs... sopeas *- Malus baccata.

Japanese creeper..,...... : Ampelopsis tricuspidata.
Russian olive.......-..... ‘ Else@agnus angustifolia.
Bloodtwig dogwood........ : Oornmus sanguinea.
European elderberry...... | Sambucus nigra.

Red elderberry........... + Sambucus pubens,

sme

TABLE 4.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended
for North Dakota--Continued

ommon name Scientific name

Morrow honeysuckle.«......
Tatarian honeysuckle......

Lonicera morrowi.
Lonicera tatarica.

TABLE 5.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended
for South Dakota

Common name Scientific name

vuniperus chinensis and vars.
Juniperus excelsis var. stricta.
Juniperus japonica.

Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia,
Morus alba var. tatarica.

Chameise: punt cigag ses) eneperene
DpLey Greeks - jai Cis eer enens
JaAPANS SS: AUIMaSMyeus en. ie-Nenoyone
Ukshikheab ats hiahal dain co Ob OO Oo
RAS Sila TD Cassy earavenstevhenoeens

Asiatic moonseed..........+* Menispermum dauricum.
REG. CHOKEDE RLY oh. chsiois hich 2everes ATOM a) aaoMipset Open
Moun Gaim=aishn «os caitle cise psc) 1 HOOT DES semlaaeaoplicnets

D Oven svetaies ete eaeewegteccenee -a2.0 | SOrbDUS americana.

OS Haden 6 topo i. dlc e ss # SOPDUS AucupaTala.

MOR Gite Gre nes Mes Soy Sorbus quercifozia.
Peking cotoneaster..... Cotoneaster acutvifolia.
Rock cotoneastercs «<2 sr. Cotoneaster horizontalis.
Flowering cotoneaster.. Cotoneaster multiflora.
Chine sewphotanitay. (spore Photinia villosa.
Chanese ‘hawthorn acl) ct. Crataegus pinnatifida.
INDE OMlakehyiHlavoueidlery Hoey oe eo Crataegus sanguinea.

Si besos (Crraiiiey sy epee jedenarene Valus baccata.

Cherry crab... s.
Cherny primisepreal sey.
{vis Lg FUSIONS) Gy ouch -oNG. pete. C

Malus rob

usta.

Prinsepia sinensis.
Vitis amurensis.

ROS Cu Gamnnc orth as sieve cary Daphne cneorum.

Sear DUCK GaOn Meant ce aie Hippopnaé rhamnoides.
Rossvam ollitviess: 5... lene cnees Hlaeagnus angustifolia.
COMAaUr do swore heceerelsy Cornus alba sibirica.

Redtwig dogwood.....,
WIA Sb SC rats Gamans Miteuc renters

Cornus sanguinea.
Chionanthus virginica.

heib hice TOROII AE GG. GiptolS) Bide) CaaS Ligustrum amurense.
Matrimony~vine......... lycium chinense.

DION a euchoibiAial oats joe aac Tycium halimifolium.
Golden Vedder's sien = ss ay oe Sambucus nigra aurea.
Proacrant Viburnum. «i » Viburnum carlesi.
Wayfaring-tree......... Viburnum lantana.
European cranberry bush. Viburnum opulus.

HOME WSUIGKVe cir. oe ie atoms Lonicera albida & vars.

ADIOS cinerea Rag Sd Lonicera coerulea & vars.

DOs serene eet mere anette Lonicera canadensis.

DOW Pee te ctate wet er woe Lonicera chrysantha.

DiOieis te aiteree avatey ahonetene ree Lonicera korolkowi.

ee ee ee ee

10 -

Common name

Honeysuckle. .

IDX) Ee Selick ir eM SO ee

OPS Sepaielsieteausie iste wearers
DONS Ware was. Saas, Socata
HD peter taeusie: «cule sue etraname ators
DIO) or acca cee eRe ea een
AD) Opacts Mone M Ad SMATA nC: anoual erence
IDs BGS ales IR ENC ECR NNEC
IDO S as

e@sceseeseer soe et eee ee

Scientific name

Lonicera
Lonicera
Lonicera
‘Lonicera

‘Lonicera’

‘Lonicera
‘-Lonicera
Lonicera
‘Lonicera

morrow
notha & vars.
periclymeun.
salieifo lia.
segreziensis.
spinosa.

‘tatarica & vars.

japonica.
sempervirens.

TABLE 6.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended
for Nebraska

Common name

Jabs) Sabenalsnakbld loys ah tama eecionc cen e

MOEN REA S Slay on OB oo 5 eee

DDO me Reta edits. wteveelines Sass
Sa. CXS TQuL ay (Castel Oe ORE CICMORE
PeilaMeia Cisla5 a 5004 cae Go Oc
RUWER OLSEN AOS Sie: ive Walle’ sisal: ee cays tseleus
Meine: OSE 6) ankle es, seer ohare

IN One se Tass, FOULING On OO aie Ol O
RIS aL sim (OIL coo obo Gor
Russet buffaloberry.......
JZIBMOVS Wigsesie5 550 Uolaoe
iCoigaelisteiy Clasigayon gaods oUo
Bloodtwig dogwood.........
Comanle GOSWOO Ger. Mocieleleicebenere
HUMOUR NDVI Da go ob a0 SoG. o oe

IRN SL foi S70 a a Shean nie ne
BULA OSS joo S we cones oon ao
Mabrinony—vanes ... 2.6...

MOP Seber eds eos aha eat ay oohee
Iie elloleiwljewiay S45 bls 6 b.0'o co

Golden eldiemberry.iic.' .--%
Wayfarane—tree... . sla sels.
American cranberrybush....
European cranberrybush....
White belle honeysuckle...
Winter honeysuckle. .s..%)-:
Tatarian honeysuckle......
Morrow honeysuckle........
Hall Japanese honeysuckle.

Scientific name

‘Morus alba tatarica.
Sorbus americana.
Sorbus aucuparia.

Malus baccata.

Malus parkmani.

Rosa rugosa.

Rosa wichuriana.
Prunus triloba.
Elaeagnus angustifolia.
Shepherdia canadensis.
Ampelopsis tricuspidata.

Cornus
Cornus
Cornus

mas.
sanguinea.
sibirica alba.

Ligustrum amurense.

>

Ligustrum ibota var. regelianum.

Ligustrum vulgare.
Lycium chinense.
Lycium halimifolium.

Sambucus
Sambucus
Viburnum
Viburnum
Viburnum
Lonicera
Lonicera
Lonicera

Lonicera

Lonicera

racemosa.
nigra aurea.

lantana.

americanum.

opulus.

bella albida.
fragrantissima.
tatarica.

morrowi.

japonica var. halliana.

ll -

TABLE 7.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended
for Kansas 7: Ss

t
ry

Common name* ~~ ie Scientific name
Common! jmenperms He Stas sane {Juniperus communis
Pfitzer juniper..«...c¢a.+.. !duniperus chinensis var. pfitzeriana.
Save ie eae ot Joe eelar. . .oUMI perus: Sabina =:
Colorado juniper ...+..««. ‘:duniperus ,scopulorun.
Russian mulberry....:i.... !Morus alba tatarica.
Peking cotoneaster..... sie ‘Cotoneaster acutifolia.
Cockspur Wehorns. <2) ae faites . ‘Crataegus crusgalli. -
Buaspilte teat api. cerca cleresees ‘Prunus pissardi.
Russian wodsive se: peices. ‘Blacagnus angustifolia.
Silverberry..... ategessee | Bleeagnus areentea.
Comal: doswoo Gis 675 ie5 ereteans . ‘Cornus alba sibirica.
Amur privets.......;s...:4 ‘ligustrum amurense.-
TNO ita apasLvielb sis s 2 elegans «cues -Ligustrum ibota & var. regelianun.
Buropean privets...c4.85.,; -:+Ligustrum vulgare,
Lilac chaste-tree.. cds... _tVitex agnus-castus.
Cutleaf chaste-tree....... ‘Vitex incisa.
European cranberrybush.... {Viburnum opulus. ;
SWOMPIOMeye sires ele alee) einkeohoers ‘Symphoricarpos racemosus.
Tatarian honeysuckle...... ‘Lonicera tatarica and vars.
Morrow honeysuckle........-‘Lonicera morrowi.
Amir” honeysuckle........ ..,«Lonicera maacki.

LITERATURE

Publications of interest in connection with fruits for the Northern
Plains States include:

Region

Flora of the prairies and plains of central North America, by P. A. Rydberg,
vii+969 pp., illus., 1932..-Inquire as to price from the Botanic Garden,
New.York, N. Y¥,

Possibilities of shelterbelt planting in the Plains Region, by a number of
authors. 201.pp., illus., 1935. Superintendent of Documents, Washington,
De C. 75 centsa copy.

North Dakota

Flora of North Dakota, by Herbert F. Bergman. Sixth Biennial Report N. Dak.
Soil and Geol. Survey, pp» [4]+151-372+19, 1912. Published by the
State Soil and Geol. Survey, Bismarck, N. Dak.

Trees, shrubs and plants for North Dakota farmsteads, by C. B. Waldron.
Agere Ext. Cilnes 675/39: pp.» illus. , January 1956. Inquineyas ve
conditions governing distribution from the North Dakota Agricultural
College., Fargo, N. Dak.

ee ee

a

The native fruits of North Dakota and their use, by A. F. Yeager, Esther
apace. and VoOrotay Bermican, Aer. axpt. Sta. Bull. 281.26 pp., Llius.,
April 1935. Inquire as to conditions governing distribution from the
North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, N. Dak.

South Dakota

Hora of South Dakota, by William H. Over, 161 pp., 34 pls., 1932. Inquire as
to conditions goveming distribution from the University of South Dakota,
Vermiliion,; S. Dak.

Inquire as to conditions governing distribution of the following
bulletins coneerning South Dakota from the South Dakota College
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Brookings, S. Dak.

The shade, windbreak, and timber trees of South Dakota, by N. EH. Hansen.
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 246, 48 pp., illus., March 1930.

Evergreens in South Dakota, by N. E. Hansen. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 254, 53 pp.,
illus. ; October, 1930:

Home propagation of ornamentals, by A. L. Ford. Agr. Ext. Circ. 305,
Hepp pis. sianuary LOS.

The ornamental trees of South Dakota, by N. BE. Hansen. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull.
Beeweos pps ora, 29ST.

The shrubs and climbing vines of South Dakota, by N. E. Hansen. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Ei coo, 155 pps, ilius., August 1951.

Kansas
Hardy trees and shrubs for western Kansas, by E. W. Johnson, Agr. Expt. Sta.
Bull. 270, 32 pp., illus., September 1934. Inquire as to conditions

governing distribution from the State College of Agriculture and Applied
science, Manhattan, Kans.

Ma eiegy