Fruits attractive to birds --

Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

i United States Department of Agriculture
: Bureau of Biological Survey

—— ee

! Wildlife Research and Management Leaflet BS-50

=

‘Washington, D. C. ae April 1936 |

$$$

FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS - FLORIDA
REGION No. 10

By VW. L. McATEE, Principal Biologist and Technical Adviser
Office of the Chief

Contents

Page
Regions for which leaflets on fruits attractive to birds are available .. 2

IGN EIROC Hive EILOIA 3 Sk S/o Ne Oe eet “ta og ana ene ame am ne ale ee

Table 1.--Groups of oe fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
Uneted States <0. « ETI ia mi Ligh MiP Tea cig” “coil aS sees Meckeigalt 5. Yee Get se! are

Table 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on
PRM UME SOASOMIS Pe CANE eco Gs A ee a Melle 6 6 we sew oe we. B

Table 3.--Fruits suitable for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory
PeaLaMOn iu neseasonis) are Mackiae Ao m-« 6 4 2 3 2 wom 6 6 « © 6.» LO

Table 4.--Fruits of Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data on
PEON SEASONS Are! OVvaltAble 2 «oa aus Bowe & 2 ss « 6 © ws « # whe

TELS SOSA Se MRI orale ner ey ka: Sa ee |

REGIONS FOR WHICH LEAFLETS ON FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS ARE AVAILABLE

FIGURE ue ee of the United States, showing the 10 regions used in
enting information on fruits attractive to birds.

As an aid in requesting leaflets, it should be noted that No. BS-4l
is for region 1; BS-42, for region 2, etc., with BS-50 for region 10.

FIGURE 2.--Planting zones of Floréda.

95

INTRODUCTION

Due to geographical location and the climate-modifying
effect of surrounding waters, conditions in Florida vary so
greatly that recommendations as to planting must be given by
zonese The zones adopted (Fig. 2, p. 2) are those used by the
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in its publications on
Ormamental plants. The author of those publications, Professor
Harold Mewry, has kindly criticized the tables included in this
leaflet and assisted in other ways. Cooperation of W. M.
Busweil, of fort Myers, and of H. Harold Hume, of Glen Saint
Mary, aiso is acknowledged.

Table 1 shows groups of fleshy fruits most attractive
to birds throughout the United States and lists desirable kinds
of birds most fond of the fruit. No barberries, currants, or
buckthorns are listed, because they harbor rusts destructive to
plants of econcmic importance. Junipers are in almost the same
categery, as they serve as alternate hosts for apple rust, but
there is no reason why they cannot be used in districts where
apples are not commercially grow, as they are among the most
valuable plants for wildlife. Omitted also are plants poison-
ous to man on contact, as poison ivy and poison sumac, as well
as various kinds dangerously poisonous to domestic animals, as
yews, wild cherries, and nightshades, in spite of the fact that
wild cherries are greatly relished by birds. Browsing animals
are known to have been killed by feeding on the leaves of wild
cherries but do not seem to be so seriously affected by those
of plums. Certain plants included among fleshy fruit bearers
in previous publications have been transferred to the list of
seed producers, hence do not appear in the present series of
leaflets. These include magnolia (Magnolia), bittersweet
(Celastrus), and burningbush (Euonymus).

It should be noted that the fruit-bearing seasons re-
corded, being collected from varied sources, tend to be maxima.
As a rule they are not likely to be realized or even approached
in a single locality unless numerous specimens of a given
species are present and so distributed in sun and shade as to
favor both early and late fruiting.

Reg. 10 -3-

ab
TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits”

most attractive to birds throughout the

Name of fruit Species of birds known to eat the fruit
Common Generic : ae Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

Juniper; rodeeanee!

Greenbrier .......

BAVIDELITY. ‘sic cislcls ie sie

Hackberry eeovecen

Mulberry eseeeoeoseoesne

POKCDELLY: ss ee sere

Spicebush ......6.
SaISSHTEraAS Wcverers)erel ete

Strawbderry cececsece

© eefeo of

JUNTPeCTUS) sees) a OO

: Smilax eceoceoe

SMVCL CAM eieleleleistome toe

smOOIGL Si cretetetecie., sennad

Chis MOTUS i cieies Sioveral OO

saPhytolaccarisisems) oc

‘i BENZ O1Neratere orelewes wineied,
: Sassafras ...- : 18

SeRTAL ATA sels ciel su) (Os

Flicker, mockingbird, robin, eastern

: bluebird, cedar waxwing, myrtle warbler,

evening and pine gtosbeaks, purple finch.

Mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,
robin, hermit thrush, cardinal.

Bobwhite, flicker, downy woodpecker,
eastern phoebe, tree swallow, black-
capped chickadee, Carolina wren, cat-
bird, brown thrasher, hermit thrush,
eastern bluebird, white-eyed vireo,
myrtle warbler, meadowlark, towhee.

Flicker, yellow=-bellied sapsucker,
mockingbird, brown thrasher, robin,
eastern bluebird, eco ens
cardinal.

Yellow-billed cuckoo, ‘red=-bellied, red-
headed, and downy woodpeckers, eastern
kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin,
wood thrush, cedar waxwing, red-eyed
vireo, yellow warbler, orchard and
Baltimore orioles, scarlet tanager,
cardinal, purple finch.

Mourning dove, flicker, eastern kingbird,
mockingbird, catbird, robin, hermit,
olive-backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes,
eastern bluebird, cardinal.

: Eastern kingbird, wood thrush, veery,

red-eyed vireo.

: Bobwhite, eastern kingbird, catbird,

robin, veery, red-eyed vireo.

: Catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood

thrush, towhee.

tat ee

TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
United States--Continued

Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit

Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

o
8 &
[]

Common : Generic

3 Ruffed. grouse, bobwhite, flicker, red-=
headed woodpecker, eastern kingbird,
tufted titmouse, wren tit, mockingbird,
catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood and
olive-backed thrushes, eastern bluebird,
cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, orchard
and Baltimore orioles, cardinal, rose-
breasted, black-headed, and pine
grosbeaks, red-eyed, spurred, ané
California towhees, white-throated, fox,
and song sparrows.

Raspberry, black- Rubus eeeeoeed

berry

=
ns
fay)

ee ee
oo 88 68 ee cofoe of

@e ee ee oe
ee e@ ee @

Ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse, prairie
chicken, bobwhite.

Rose @eseeene0ed 8802 @ : Rosa e@eseeee0e0ede08

ee ce
eo 00 8° ee 00 © oo

Red-headed woodpecker, catbird, brown
thrasher, robin, Bohemian and cedar
waxwings, Baltimore oriole, evening and
pine grosbeaks.

Mountain-ash e@eocecove : Sorbus @coeoeed

ee 08 oe eo oe

Chokeberry ......- : Aronia ...... : 21 Brown thrasher, meadowlark.

Ruffed grouse, robin, purple finch, pine
grosbeak.

Hawthorn ..--.ecee : Crataegus ..e

\
ee ©2 o6 © oe 0 60 0% 88 be @6 of 06 0% 6 8 20 08 60 20 08 06 90

Apple ...seccceeee : Malus ......- : 45 : Ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant,
: : mockingbird, robin, cedar waxwing,

purple finch, pine grosbeak, red

: : senerossbicLl:

Juneberry ........ : Amelanchier . : 42 :; Flicker, catbird, robin, hermit thrush,

: : veery, cedar waxwing, Baltimore oriole.

Sumact/ ececccccese : ROUS wceveeee : 97 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, valley quail,

: : : northern and red-shafted flickers, red=

: g : bellied and downy woodpeckers, phoebe,

2 : : black-capped and Carolina chickadees,

2 A : wren tit, Carolina wren, mockingbird,

: : : catbird, brown and California thrashers,

: g : robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,

: : white-eyed vireo, towhee, Audubon's

ee of

: warbler, goldfinch, golden-crowned
: : sparrow.

_Pepperberry ...... : Schinus ..... : 12 :; Robin, varied and hermit thrushes, cedar
: waxwing, phainopepla.

TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
United States--Continued

Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit
Common ; Generic ° heel * Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit
HOLLY scccccccccee 3 LLOX secsccce >: 46 : Ruffed grouse, bobwmiite, valley quam.
: : flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker,
: mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,
: robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,
: cedar waxwing.
Supplejack.....e.. : Berchemia ... 15 : Mockingbird, robin.
Grapei cic nice vicice coe st VibLS «cccsicl 87 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and

Virginia creeper . Ampelopsis ..

Buffaloberry ..... : Shepherdia ..

oo © @8 08 v0

Silverberry, Rus- Elacagnus oo.
Sian olive, etc.: 4
Wild-sarsaparilla ; Aralia ....oe

DOZWOOd .ccccecccee % COTNUS coccee

wo
CA

Sourgum, tupelo .. : NysSa .ececece 39

Crowberry ..cecece : Empetrum.....: 40 ;
Bearberry, manza- : Arctostaphylos: 34
nita : :

=6e

red-shafted flickers, pileated and red-
bellied woodpeckers, easter kingbird,
mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher,
robin, wood thrush, veery, eastern and
western bluebirds, cedar waxwing,
cardinal.

Flicker, red-bellied and red-headed wood-
peskers, yellow-bellied sapsucker,
tufted titmouse, mockingbird, brown
thrasher, robin, hermit, olive-backed,
and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern blue-
bird, red-eyed vireo, scarlet tanager,
evening grosbeak, purple finch.

Sharp-tailed grouse, pine grosbeak.

Prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse,
eatbird, robin, cedar waxwing.

: Bobwhite, robin.

Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and

redeshafted flickers, downy woodpecker,
eastern kingbird, catbird, brown
thrasher, robin, wood, hermit, olive-
backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes,
eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red-
eyed and warbling vireos, cardinal,
evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch,
white-throated and song sparrows.

: Flicker, robin, olive-backed and gray-

cheeked thrushes, cedar waxwing, purple
finch.

Pine grosbeak, snow bunting.

: Dusky and ruffed grouse, valley and

mountain quail, wren tit, fox sparrow.

TABLE 1. = Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the
United States--Continued

Name of fruit

- Species of birds known to eat the fruit

Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit

: Ruffed grouse, wren tit.

: Robin, pine grosbeak, towhee.

Ruffed grouse, valley quail, eastern ss
kingbird, black-capped chickadee, tufted ~

titmouse, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,

hermit thrush, eastern bluebird,* cedar
waxwing, orchard oriole, pine grosbeak,
towhee.

: Mockingbird, brown thrasher.

Common : Generic ee
Wintergreen .eccce Gaultheria .. 10
meeerere |... Gaylussacia . 2°46
CDCI Valiele «cies oe Vaccinium ... 93
Beautyberry ...e.6. GaLibosaee! . il
Partridgeberry ... Mitchella ... 10
PAGE DOTIY: 6.026 ec 5 Sambucus .ee. ; 118

/@e se 08 89 Of
e ef 68

Snowberry, coral- :; Symphoricarpos: 33
berry B
Blackhaw, cran- 8 Watlspagen Gogg 8 ae
berrybush -
HemeyeMecilolc.ce. 2 LONICeEra .... 18

1/ parberries (Berberis), buckthorns (Rhamnus),
because they serve as alternate hosts of rusts, attacking wheat,
wild cherries (Prunus),

respectively. Yews (Taxus),

ee 00 ‘ee

Ruffed grouse.

Valley quail, flicker, red-headed wood-
pecker, eastern and Arkansas kingbirds,
black phoebe, wren alii mockingbird,
catbird, brown and California thrashers,
robin, olive-backed thrush, eastern and
western bluebirds, phainopepla, red-
eyed vireo, rose-breasted and black-
headed grosbeaks, California towhee,
white-crowned sparrow.

Sharp-tailed grouse, varied thrush,
evening and pine grosbeaks.

Ruffed grouse, yellow-billed cuckoo,
flicker, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,
eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, rose-
breasted grosbeak, purple finch.

Bobwhite, catbird, brown thrasher, robin,
hermit thrush, pine grosbeak, white-.
throated sparrow.

and currants (Ribes) are omitted
oats, and white pine,
and nightshades (Solanum) also

are omitted as being dangerous stock poisoning: plants.

2/ When 10 or more.

3/ Carries apple rust; should not be planted near valuable CHEREECE c

4/ Only nonpoisonous species of sumac are considered.

5/ Data given are based entirely on field observations; total number

‘of birds

eating the various species of Blaeagnus unknown.

a7.

TABLE 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on
fruiting seasons are lacking

(This list includes bcth native and introduced species.
Numbers in Remarks column refer to zones)

Common name Scientific name ‘ Remarks

Chinese juniper... . ‘: Juniperus chinensis sie
Buccaneer palm.) -.-. » ‘Pseudophoemix sargzenti. 7. <a.
Saw cabbage palm. . .. +: Paurotis wrighti .. ..-
Silver palm...... : Coccothrinax argentea..... ;
Saw palmebto "1 ses 2 Serenoamscrmmlata i) tous te, tomelsor
Needle palm ie). .)8.. 2 “Rhapidophylilum hystrix |< vate G0) omalsore
sames Palmetto... .0 4 6 | Sabal jamestanal nase ‘
Blackburn palmetto. . . : Sabal blackburniana .7- - ++. :
Cabbage palmetto ... : Sabal palmetto. ........- : 3 also.
Hlorida thatch palm... : Yhrinax floridana < - .
Key thatch palm... . : Thrinax keyensis -
Brittle thatch palm. . ‘: Thrinax microcarpa .'+ +. -
Macarthur palm. ... . : Actinophloeus macarthuri ..
Mermaid patm, je. > «1 Adonidiay merry igre
Mrikury palm... . 2. 0 Arikuryroba sehizophylla 217
Suzan palm "sss 6... ss sarenea Meaccharinerauer.
Hish—taid palm ss 2 CaryOta, matic. sane
Roday wpa. ih) Ver cos eh oh it, AOE VO ANEReMS) cer veiats suisiue ) 1 SSO
Yellow palm... .°. 2 =’ Chrysatidocarpus Tutescens ae
Coquita palm ... ... .. + Jubaea spectbabidis 26 3), 7 3 eels
Senegal date palm... : Phoenix reclinata :
indta date palm a « <1 PROenia sylvestris, or geu le ley ange ‘
Australian fan palm .. : Livistonia australis ..... : 2 also.
Chinese fan palm .. . : Livistonia chinensis . =... : Do.
sickhe=thom. oi. 2. «. + Asparagus: falicauusn fence) a Do.
Greenbrier ». s\. 6 «5 .smillax havyanensis’ . .
Reasemy tle Wess i 41 mc) te) hon Myre ey ie lore /ott oils oh ial elacctoiayel ileal Milena cutee species.
imgmany Mere ks gh. sis, t. EMCMS na GaGa ie of seu enics csl eeae he) Maine SO
eepine Miaured. sort leuus i, Miia: Dene emaricy slick iy ape omien ied celmer Do.
TOME VA EUS (se cs ey sa oe, 5 MCUs) eadetdissdtmen lee sii bie aecuon ane Do.
PSUs aly ee CON PRA MEN atresia sn amaollalsy SH! oobs) Soke fo Js Do.
SieaneMlo rh Se neve site ft. el CUSE AUTO a ncte inal oft uli oel taiae :
lindas, Tuibbertree) is 5) cneusn eClasbaCan leimen ts snuemie isa.
DOtGed: fame se si eke sa MCU SH IPO T ONE, Uitectres bel ielicepael te
Trumpet tree ..... : Cecropia peltata
Bilack malberwry ve, 6), fey yA MONS BIS eee rete Vel me kel) an one palonans
Red mulberry .... . + Morus rubra .
Mhite mulberry. . 2. s)): Momus alba sy ofeg jis :
Sea-2rape: sly lo sie Mee Coccollobusmuyitema Welle) cman) ne cero

Do. Pa Me Us Pe WEN Cloyereroulliovlast (S| uaybusslecoltey oi. 5 1a loll o o Do.
Rouge! Plant <0 <)« sees HawmMashumiblais) Srey se suche il | neni omc Or
Pokeberry <{« % 12.9 .haeie on ebay bOlacca eda ce le were) ce eeeecOe
Pondapple Ske sve a eae) ANMOMe) ciabreay «ie ie tees Moe mic eae: Do.
AVijeator apple 2. | . ov mmona pabUsimi SMe: jena ima
Coral bead. £03 ., s , | Cebatha Taumarolitia) .0 ci) ei emer

aa Va Reg. 10

TABLE 2.--Fruits sui

Common name

Some bay = .

Do. ey preras
ISGWNO EY fe sie! lal
Ihameewood . . ."*.
India hawthorm ~.
LOCA Ue oleae
Cocos plum . =".

IDO) aio Ae Oana nee

Gopher apple .°.
Gumbo, Limbo. .

Chamawerzy. . .-7.

SELMAC yasmina ans
IDC) 2? Gach eecaase

Re OSrERee) «.

Biv LIL aa ar

Wild grape .:.
Do. 5 a

MeGnEMys ce es
Do. toiar ye
empe TIC) 67 .)-
Virginia creeper
Passionflower .-.
Do. ec bee
Do. ns
Surinam cherry ..
Brazilian cherry
Spanish stopper...
Red stopper . .%.
Rose apple
Strawberry guava
SPLESWOOG, « . . x.
1B SKS o\e) oh ay ee
WRB pce eo Se
Wepelabeniry sf. ve ik.
ReresimmOn (6, <6. Ss

BapOGidttars a -.

Wale oiiiyie™ . sin
Saffron plum ..
Hiomida privet :.
Weld olive “. . 4%

PIPL Gt OE ae

Do. ah el ike
Hedge thorn nes
Natal plum...
Matrimony—-vine »
Purple cestrum .
Orange cestrum. =.

ECM 2 «6 + +

Keg.- 10

<)

Night-blooming eeu,

suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on

fruiting seasons are lacking--Continued

se ae name

: Persea dittoralis . . .
Persea tmumislis wa ye an
Peresgeg), losis, 5 6 4 oea oO 4

Occteaicatesbyonay imenmewe cl 6) 1

Repu olep.lsmmdace iMedia ci

' Eriobotrya japonica...

Chrysobalanus icaco . -....

Chrysobalanus pellocarpus .. .
: Chrysobalanus pallidus ....

5 JUllevolacsisphnl Sshersmebloey OU G Ie FAI Gn
: Melia azedara.ch .. -

OUSews SGyonIGlas” og 6 Se
Cissus trifoliata ..
Annpevonisas) AmDORCO sie! lire) eit cliie
Ampelopsis quinquefolia .
PAIS Siete CAGE SUDO Sa Wel elie) elles
IPDIGGUISE lovee eYssar loreal aise ee
Pas Salae Ioitsy ToeUbI ems MGS 6" 6
y Imbiersigialicy soiotiatlhonegsy | Gala eo lourome
o) OERS Toa, GlONlYena)o oy qumnl Wanton
q Anessa aley lobb.atie@d slay loWiG) Soo NG ino
= MURS S, OOS 6) oh an ciee ease
INVXSIRILS, GieHMOS IG Gon eau G TS Ic
Psidium cattleianum Sn ORI ta aan tae

IReAVIS) Olowpisaicoilaisy, 4 ves
Rhus Heucantha 9... . -

‘Schinus forepinthifoline ‘
AWiCtKMcreiecnA Me Ay ellie citys: | le) veyy ee

Wala) qWaldlatast@luiley gc
WatwalS, COILS, 25 %c

Calyptranthes Soilheine aie aw et OU Am

Wievo@atinabii es e-5) . ota Mauoumemone ormomeD

Repanea, gUyanensis .... .

bacacores panteculata s)..0)%

- Diospyros virginiana
: Achras sapota .

Sideroxylon Ber enodendron SOE
Bumelia angustifolia .. ..
Horestiera porulosa ......
Osmanthus floridana .... .

IM AWS TUM COmrandisam) “ss i 6 = «

Ideustrum ovalitolium <3 \
Cerise, q@butlingrne, Gi cise Ge vo ld

: Carissa grandiflora ....-.
: Lycium carolinianum . .
‘ Cestrum elegans...

CSsiiswiml sueshEie evn 5) 6) 4 6 6 <
Cestrum nocturnum.. .

' Premna odoratum ’.

aie

Remarks

a aeSOle
Do. i
3 also.
2 also.
DO c
bor
Weg
Do.
“Dor

also.

E a ;

2 also.

‘2 also. ‘
a UIDoye

‘Any native
2 also.

~ Do.
:3 also.

‘
a

2 also.

‘ Do.

‘2 also. >

‘ Do.’
Do.

su DOxal

‘2 and 3 also.

species.

TABLE 2.--Fruits suitable for Zone 1 for which satisfactory data on
- fruiting seasons are _tacking--Continued

Common name Seientific name ' Remarks

So =

Beautyberry . 50.9. 4.9. 0) Caliiicarpa americana 6 o's. -: 3 also.

SYCKO) yf OKSS oh) AMON Os A MPC er ae
Do. eRe Mis) Ain cinc dane ame
Pe COTES cw teva ly eo) eee oe

Chipeoecaradiba wor stewie eke ee
Chiococcan pane Lomumy tries come
Pisychotrie undata.” .. 9 cme 6 eC eos

Lantana SUCeROY eae ecu iced bravelingstol-almatien COIN OInsy rapes Ware Okt Gaile Se ot .: Do.
Doe oa ely Sat hs, Melis; Ve EIA aT OC ONT eNt eumre te Sie) ar met nese Do.
Glory bower | jhe 9...) s §. as iCllerodendron GhiGmsSOnsoy 6 ey eal ee eae Do.
py flower ). wales Si. 21. a Duambet pene ay ene to wenn Do.
BUSCOnbeUry ihe ts te os NL Datantbagrepene nn) eee ee 4
pearietbush iis)... 44. dt Homedeia soabomst ee) sa nee »' 2 also,

ee

Do. ° e ° . ° ° e e e s Psychot ria bahamensis . e a) 9 . . . 5
Do. s/cle elise) Soe te: Wee) T ISMChOtriar cule nerd lene of 8) 0), “s: os Soi alsor
Ixora +. . ws... . «+: Txora coccinea (and auness species). | De.

alderberry.. . ... 1.94.3 % 'Sanbueus Jntermediae oe nll. 6 « =. 6) algae
HoUmUS tins ns ei om Veena bare: oe een ee ae

a

TABLE 3.--Fruits suitable for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data
cn fruiting seasons are lacking
(This list -includes both native and introduced ie ee
Numbers in Remarks column refer to zones)

ae eT PRR EO NNR

'

Common name eet _Scientifie name... . . . . .: Remarks.
NS Eee
Needle palm... .. . .. :! Raapidophyllum hystrix...... -: 1 also.

Conary date palm “=... 4.0 «Phoenix canarioncis. peti eee De.
Bemme bese le. Melt esos cas ie EEUU sey DONIC IDE iran, goilg! otya taluk mapa a uals ain
GOH MO ST | a leed Vado. hn. 2 Sas,(¢e 1 Wo, oe BOGS, CAPAC AGS aia aie siluelueeiae myst ihe ot
Job ctth ott t= ee aan em ea Pe cs Salers baie noes WU RAIMA A gh IN SiS 2.8 Any native gpe=
Black mul beory = 0% <6 5 5. .0 4 Moms! ralerregeh Cy eal eens i cies
Red mMmUL berry. des! 3: le Sy ace te MOnmuts marinas ook eine Sa ae ree
WEECevrol berry eo. eg fa MONS, “Alba ucip 1 casa ae ee)
GHD ME LUE. ve! a, ls 9 co 12 1h CUS) PUNE aun, kee eee eee eae
Comal bead: 5... ‘s, « 2 2.) Cebathayearolins, ¢ ei tay ee outa ao
BaSSarwas) © 2/5. \e «> . se 1 Sassatrasn vemieitoddnmy ue. se i ee 3
ppLcebush 55. 4: 5. sss | Benzoin meliccaetolanmishes oe enti ees only.
Camphor-tree ...... . ' Cinnamomum CamMpHOTa Wiscuweh hen ie oie 9) Je
Black chokeberry .... .: Aronia MEMANOC SMI] claws ste liey is
Purple chokeberry .9. °°. . ‘Aronia VULOP UG Cae ey melieile! seh Ve pele he
southern crabappile: .\... . "Malus! gnousbaboldia ae eee ke
June) berry. +) 5%. % jolie. 6 « Amelienenieriycanadensiis ua kins. ic .
Do. cs seth « - - y Amelaniechier, oblongifolia 6.) 6p.
HAVICHORMN: in Hes ue ae ee ee ee MOCAGACSINS CONbTNGh oN maul nmueinen oy > clieniCae
Do. oo, © een sus & Crea taceulsmpuMlem errimc a wench ui ieseue
eo een Me MOM OR Seboucculs (Obeayirev-janlsycrarsysmoulia yaw my a ee
RE QI 6) re Se ve, Fax ee sauce eC Rabe alls ivalesiGeiisiy, use anes (eee
Do. Me jee) 8 eo ease e OLAbaeluls, Conseneud Neamaliae il alle elu
DO. ee 8 eee ee WCPARGCRUS | louie marsh syns ielansihiiey mpkemniie dam ieseee Cony ail aera ra

HGOCHOTA «2.4.6 20s. «| \Pymacanbinn COreinecy alanis (ane cles.

TABLE 3.--Fruits suitable

for Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data

- on fruiting seasons are lacking--Continued

Common nane

- Gopher apple
Chinaberry

Wiasrant sumac « -. 9.00%

Smooth sumac .
Staghorn sumac .
Saeamctia 2 ./h/6 4
Frost grape ‘
Riverbank grape .
Sweet wintergrape
Virginia creeper
Wild ivy :
Yellow ee onmlones -
Purple granadilla
MEM eEWOOG.. 0 cdi ise
Dogwood .. fin Fe
Silky Aeron a
Flowering dogwood ..
Hercules-club .: .
Buekleberry: «©. :°.0.
Biwebermrmyrakois sy).
Umea Pe. ci
chown ae Stet.

Do. HIER
Fringe tree .
Privet

pee DO te
Do. irre
SDO\

Karanda :
Pie ene nase
Matrimony-vine

Chilian cestrum Aik,
iamibeamay -.

Do. Sante
Blackhaw os

Do. i te ee

Do. Wore Weta
Laurustinus

Boerne eebenry = . -.
Japanese honeysuckle
Trumpet honeysuckle.

Reg. 10

ye

SeRGEY RE ie name

" Ghiapeotallonne oblongizolias

: ‘Velis azedarnch

. ‘ Rhus canadensis

. » Rhus glabra rate wie
PALAIS diysroladeiaay <5 sera aes
‘ Sagaretia Pera eel ore :
‘Vitis cordifolia

Vitis vulpina .
Vitis cinerea ... neuen

‘ Ampelopsis quinguefolia.
'Gissus incisa .
‘Passiflora lutea
.Passiflora edulis
‘Direca palustris .

: Cornus microcarpa

, Cornus

‘qmomum .

: Cornus NOU 6

Aralia spinosa

: Gaylussacia 5 Le Pee eee
: Vaccinium <*-.
‘Bumelia

_ “Tgwregiiena, palvescene

‘Forestiera ligustrina .
‘Chionanthus virginiana.
‘Ligustrum amurense.
‘Ligustrum japonicum
_Ligustrum lucidum .
‘Ligustrum nepalense
‘Carissa caranda :
-Ehretia acuminata .
.Lycium carolinianum .
:Cestrum parqui .
jlantena Camara: ce. i. =
‘Lantana sellowiana .

» Viburnum
: Viburnum.
- Viburnum
- Viburnum 5
tae Gated bitay, sstejorerey G8 iG 5 MG
_Lonicera japonica .

_Lonicera sempervirens ...

Cleinuannbl® 4 “4. 9 94
cassinoides
rufidulum

tinus

Spee habe

‘Any native

Remarks

3 aac

. vid-August to inid-May.

ne ie Cohiaal lair

vos
Mor:

I, BulSoo
IDYO) 6

3 only.
Do.
Do.

species.
. DO
Do.

IL AULSO-
“Wo

: 3 only.

Do.
iW pulse

3 LO

DOa +

TABLE 4--Fruits of Zones 2 and 3 for which satisfactory data on fruiting

seasons are available

Common name

Redcedar .

Stinking cedar .
Cabbage palmetto

Saw palmetto

Laurel greenbrier
Coral greenbrier
Lobed greenbrier. .
Southern waxmyrtle
Sugarberry .
Rouge-plant .°.
Pokeberry .

Redibay si 4 :

Red chokeberry .
Parsley hawthorn .
Hog plun.

Cherokee rose
Southern dewberry
Dwarf sumac

Inkberry

Vaupone us. cs
Supplejack .

Beppe EVIE) ws. skia= os
Summer grape .
Bullace grape
Maypop

Dogwood

sSourgum :

Dwarf eeimilenesey:
Farkleberry ‘
Highbush ileus .
Blueberry.

Bumelia

Persimmon .

Wild olive .
Beautyberry °.
Elderberry

Blackhaw .

Redcedar.--—Southern redcedar,

barbadensis) ,

and ranges somewhat farther south.

also is adapted.

Scientific name

. : Juniperus virginiana .
. | Tumion. taxifolium
. : Sabal palmetto
‘ Serenoa serrulata
. ‘ Smilax laurifolia
. + Smilax walteri...
. ; olilax beyweichia
. |Myrica cerifera
‘ Celtis mississippiensis
) ER nvaMey made eies mee ae
- : Phytolacca decandra
. Persea borbonia .
. : Aronia arbutifolia .

Crataegus apiifolia

‘Prunus umbellata .
. ' Rosa laevigata .
- ‘Rubus trivialis ..
‘ Rous copallina .
i ilex clapra
‘ Ilex vomitoria .
. : Berchemia scandeng .
. Ampelopsis arbcerea .

Vitis aestivalis .

- : Vitis munsoniana .

. 'Passiflora incarnate .
‘Cornus stricta.

. : Nyssa sylvatica

: :Gaylussacia dumosa .

. |Batodendron arboreum .

. ' Vaccinium corymbosum .

Vaccinium. myrsinites
Bumelia lanuginosa .
Diospyros virginiana .
Osmanthus americana

. ‘Callicarpa americana .
‘ Sambucus intermedia
. ' Viburnum obovatum

Fruiting season

mice ala year.
.: Early August to late Octoben

‘ Mii-October to late November.
‘ Mid-June to early November.
: All year.

.; Mid-July to mid-April.

: Early August to late April.

Mid-July to late March.
Mid-May to mid-November.
AVI yeareon

Mid—May to late December.
All yeer.

‘ Mid-July to early March.

Early September to midNovemter.
.: Barly June to late August.

‘ Early August to late March.

. ‘Early April to mid-July.

Mid-June to late March.
All year.

. 'Mid-—July to early March.

. 'Mid-July to late March.

: : Barly July to early November.
» | Mid-July to late September.
el sears

‘Mid-June to late August.

. ; Barly

. ' Eany dugust to late September.
.: Early July to early December.
. ' Early May to mid-July.

Early July to mid-March,
February to late July.

‘Early April to late June.

. ' Early August to mid-November,

‘Early August to earlyNovem bez

3 ‘ Mid-August to late March.

‘ Barly July to late February.

. 'Early April to mid-November.
5 TIMING Sy eypies

Notes supplementary to Table 4

32 oS

Juniperus lucayana (often listed as g.
is of equal value, has the same fruiting season,

Japanese juniper, J.

japonica,

Reg. 10

Palmetto.—--Bluestem palmetto, Sabal glabra, bearing fruit from June 15 to
September 30, may be substituted.

Greenbrier.--Various species occur, any of which may be substituted; the
large-seeded, persistent fruits are a reserve rather than a
staple food for birds.

Redbay.--The swamp redbay, Persea pubescens, is available, prefers moister
situations, and bears fruit almost the whole year.

Rose.--The swamp rose, Rosa palustris (carolina), which holds its fruits
nearly the entire year, is available for Zone 3. Other species
native to north Florida also may be used.

Dewberry.--The sand blackberry, fubus cuneifolius, bearing fruit from mid-May
to mgd-July, or other native species may be used.

Chinaberry,Melia azedarach.—Fruit may be available from mid-August to mid-May.

Inkberry.-“Ilex glabra is called gallberry throughout its southeastern range;
the fruits of all species of Ilex are eaten by birds, and those of
dahoon, I. cassine, Chinese holly, I. cornuta, and American holly,
i. Opaca, are available most of the year.

Blackhaw.--Yiburnum nudum with about the same fruiting season may be substi-
tuted.

LITERATURE

Publications of interest in connection with fruits of Florida
inelude:

Region

Manual of the Southeastern Flora, by John K. Small. 1554 pp., illus., 1933.
[Covers the area from North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.] Inquire
as to price from the author, Botanic Garden, New York, N. Y.

State
Native and exotic palms of Florida, by Harold Mowry. Agr. Expt. Sta.,Bull.2e
71 pp-, illus., May 1931. Inquire as to conditions governing distributior
from the University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Ornamental trees, by Harold Mowry. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 261,136 pp., illus.,

June 1933. Inquire as to conditions governing distribution from the
University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.

Reg. 1 eR