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GAELIC PRIMER,
CONTAINING
RULES
FOR
PRONOUNCING THE LANGUAGE;
WITH NUMEROUS EXAI^PLES.
ALSO,
A COPIOUS VOCABCI.ARY, ARRANGED UNDER DISTINCT HEADS ; A
LIST OF PRIMITIVE AND DERIVATIVE PRONOUNS ; THE CONJUGA-
TION OF THE VERB "tO BE ;" AND A SELECTION OF PHRASES ON
VARIOUS SUBJECTS : THE ORTHOEPY OF EACH WORD BEING DE-
NOTED THROUGHOUT BY A FIGURED SPELLING.
By JAMES MUNRO.
GLASGOW:
PUBLISHED BY JOHN WYLIE & CO.
1828.
J. STARKE, PRINTEK, GLASGOW,
PREFACE.
It has been a just subject of complaint with strangers
who make the tour of the Highlands, that no easy intro-
duction exists to the language of the natives. The
following little manual has been composed to obviate this
complaint ; and it is hoped that by means of it, and a
very little study, the intelligent tourist may be enabled
to enter with some satisfaction into the feelings and
sentiments of the "acute and amiable Highlanders,"*
at the same time that he explores the sublime and
romantic scenery of their unvanquished country.
* After having made a tour of 1600 miles in their country,
Principal Baird, in a letter to the author, characterises the High -
landers in these words.
GAELIC PRIMER, &c.
There are eighteen letters in the Gaelic Alphabet:-
Pow(
a a, a, a, a
b b
c k, q, chk,
d d, d, c
e e, e, e, e,
f f
i Í, Í, Í
Brs.
or chc
e, é
Powers.
1 1,1
m m
n n, ng, n, r
O Ó, o, O, Ó, Ó, Ó
P P
r r, r
s s, sh
t t, t
u Ú, U, Ú
Key to the sounds
1 of the Vowels.
Long sounds
Kindred short
a.
far
s fat
* > clann
woman,
Long sounds
Kindred short
e.
gle
fead
there
bed, de-fend, her
Long sound
Kindred short
1.
pique
pin
sir
Long sounds
Kindred short
o.
for
hot
no, old *
im-póst, son
*á and ó are diphthongal sounds. The first is com-
posed of áú closely united, and the second of 5ú closely
united.
Long sound rule
Kindred short bush, cut.
There are five vowels representing nine dissimilar sim-
ple sounds, viz.
7 Long, a, e, e, i, 6, 5, ú I „ ,
7 Kindred short, a, e, é, Í, 6, Ó, Ú f ' ^''"'''^'•
Each vowel occasionally represents the same sound.
a, e, i, Ó, Ú, 1 sound.
Two different characters represent the same sound, é, í.
ao represent one simple sound, 1 sound.
9~
ORTHOEPY.
Each of the five vowels admits of the grave accent \
which indicates a lo7ig sound.
The acute accent ' is written over e and o only, and
indicates a particular long sound of these vowels.
A, o, u are termed broad vowels; e, i slender or small.
There are no sile7it final vowels in Gaelic.
Sounds of the Broad Vowels.
1 a.
a Sounds like á in far.
Examples.
ár=á
bá, cows bás, m. death
da, two sas, m. hold, custody
la, m. a day barr, m. top, crop
ta, am, is, &c. bard, m. a poet
bra,/, a quern or hand mill * am, m. time, season
tra, m. a meal, 8cc. mam, m. a hill
ard, high dan, m. a poem
sparr, to thrust ran, m, a roar
cárr,y! scab Ian, m. a tide
tarr, m. a tail ban, white, &c.
* A, preceded or followed by m, mh, or n, has a pecu-
liar nasal sound, which can be acquired only by the ear.
It is somewhat like an in the English words and, hand, 8cc.
3 •
2 a.-
a Sounds like a in bat, fat,
a=a Ex.
cap, I ^, maff, to mock
r' > m. a mouth °' ,.rc
gab, j rag, stin
ad,/, a hat gal, m. weeping
bad, m. a dud, &c. sal, m. dirt
fad, m. length can, to sing, to say
gad, m. a withe fan, to wait, to tarry
sad, m. dust car, m. a turn, a trick
dag, m. a pistol far, where
lag, weak, faint mar, as
cas,y. a foot
Note, Diminutives in ag and an, have this sound of a.
Ex.
ad'ag,/ a haddock, &c. brad'an, m. a salmon
cam 'an, m. a club srad'ag,/. a spark
clam'an, m. a glede, or kite ard'an, m. pride
brad'ag,/ a thievish woman ban'ag,/ a grilse
cas'ag,/". a long coat fras'ag,/. a slight shower
cas'an, m. a path sgad'an, m. a hening
3 a.
á Sounds like a in woman, or u in but.
This sound occurs in a few monosyllables.
Ex.
an, ) ná, of the ma, if
am. [- the nam, of the sá, (emphatic pronoun)
Í
■■{:
Generally before gh and dh.
Ex.
f a heifer, drágh, m. trouble
\ or quey stágh, m a stay
lágh, m. a law spágh, m. a jerk, 8cc.
magh, m. a field clágh, m. a spawning
tágh, to cull * kdh'krt, m. a pillow
* The letters printed in Italics are silent throughout
this part of the book.
a2
4
hdh'kvc,/. a horn fvkdk'krc, m. sight
kdh'rkc,/. a horn frkdh'rkc, m. sight, view
spá^A'ádh, m. a jerk, a tug fáí/A'ár, /w. the noise of ablow
tágh'an, m. a marten tágh'ár, will be chosen
tkffh'k], m. a call, a visit
Always in the plural termination a or an.
Ex.
ad'án, hats bas'án, palms of the hands
gab'án, mouths fras'án, showers
sdad'án, stops gas'án, branches
ad'ag-án, haddocks dán'á, poems
cas'ag-an, long coats spág'á, claws
srad'ag-án, sparks lád'á, loads
bán'ag-án, grilses grás'á, graces, mercies
Mostly in all final unaccented syllables.
Ex.
ái"'á, f. a kidney ann'ád, in you
bán'á, white, (adj. plural) as'ád, out of you
cárá, dearer as' am, out of me
lán'á, full am'ar, a trough
tan' a, thin an'am, a soul
Ann'á,/. Anna an'art, m. linen
bai-'rá, m. a barrow as'gárt, m. tow
cal'a, m. a harbour am'as, m. a findinpr
ball'á, ni. a wall cab'ár, m. an antler
mai''á,yi of a sea cad'al, m. sleep
Exceptions.
The following words have 2 a in their final syllables.
ann'as, m. a rarity barr'an, m. a baron, &c.
gal'ar, m. a disease Orrosa, (pr. or'ro-us-a) an
can'an, m. a cannon island so called.
Cann'a, m. Canna Colosa (pr. col'lo-us-a) do.
Barr'a, m. Barra Scarba, (pr. scar'a-ba) do.
Siuna, (pr. shoo'na) Shuna Scalba, (pr. scal'la-ba) do.
Diura, (pr. dew'ra) Jura Rathasa, (pr. rah'us-a) do.
tann'as, m, an apparition Siona, (pr. shó'na) do.
4 a.
á Sounds like áú before m,
consonant.
nn, 11, or 1 and another
Ex.
call, m. a loss
ball, m, a member, &c.
dall, blind
gall, m. a foreigner
mall, slow
alld, m. a brook
scald, to scald
fa/t, m. a blemish
Note. These and similar words are in some districts
pronounced otherwise than as here marked; some say-
cam, dram, &c.
1 0.
Ó Sounds like ó in for, lord.
cam, crooked
dram, m. a dram
bánn,y. a bond, &c.
rann, m. a poem, &c.
gann, scarce
clann,/! children
sannt, w, covetousness
dranndj^i a hum
o=o
ob, m, a bay or creek
rod, m. cast sea-ware
og, young
Ó1, to drink
mor, great
spog,/. a paw
pog,/. a kiss
dórn,y! a fist
com, m. a cup
por, m. seed
mór'an, much
sgor'nan, m, the throat
6rd'ag,y^ a thumb
so'las, m. delight, joy
cró'nan, m. a murmur
lon'an, m. a small marsh
tón'án, bottoms
Ex.
* srón,y. a nose
ton,/! a bottom
ron, m. a seal
Ion, m. a marsh
sgor, f. a jut or shelf
spórs,yi pride, &c.
mod, m. a meeting
nos, m. a custom
cord, to agree
pos, to marry
bórd'an, m. a little board
or'an, m. a song
spóg'án, claws
póg'án, kisses
srón'án, noses
mór'á, great (adj. plm-al)
có'tá, m. a coat
* o, preceded or followed by m, mh, or n, has a peculiar
nasal sound, scquirable only by the ear. See 1 a, note.
a3
ób, to refuse
boc, m. a buck
stoc, m, a stock
trod, m. a scold
dos, m. a bunch
16s, m. quest
cor, m. state
corp, m. a body
brod, m. a lid
grod, rotten
2o.
6 Sounds like o in hot, got, lot.
Ex.
dog, m. a junk
col, m. incest
mol, to praise
rol, to roll
sop, m. a straw
cron, m. harm, hurt
Ion, m. greediness
lod, m. a pool
son, m. a fancy, &c
sp6r,y! a flint, &c.
3o.
o Sounds like o in total, bold, foe.
Ex.
mor'an, m. a great deal
Moi-'ag,^ Marion, Sarah
do'ran, )ti. an otter
co'bál,/. a flat boat
do'rMÍnn,y! great pain, torture
These words and many others are in some districts
pronounced with the first sound of o.
go6/i'lag,y*. a forked stick cdbh'rag,/. foam
gdbh'iBg,/, a little goat Idbh'ran, m. a leper
boc?^'ran, m. a deaf person ^bbh'iA^^ f. a primrose.
Note, bh and dh are silent in these words. They are
retained in the spelling for etymological reasons.
4o.
Ó Sounds like o in impost, or o in the first syllable of
pro-mote.
Ex.
dróm'an, m. a boretree
tób'ár, m. a spring
ób'air,jf. work
póll'ag,/. a pit
tóll'an, m. a small hole
0=5
bo,/, a cow
cob, m. the total
mor, great, tall
do'las, m. a mischief
bó'lá, w. a bowl
gob, m. a bill or beak
tog, to lift
gób'ag,/. a dogfish
sgób'ag, /. a nip
tón'ag, /. a tunic
bóll'á, m. a boll dónn'ag, f. a sort of fish
Cóll'á, m. Coll cróm'ag,/. a hook or cleek
tóm'an, m. a small knoll drón'ag,/! the back
tóm'MÍlt,y. bulk cóm'á, careless
sóm'wilt,/largeness,liberalitytróni'á, heavy (adj. plural)
5o.
Ó Sounds like ou in loud, or o as pronounced by the Irish
in the words old, bold, cold, &c.
Ex.
com, m. the body sgonn, m. a junk
lorn, bare pronn, to pound
torn, m. a knoll sonn, m. a brave man
bronn, of the belly poll, m. a pool
droll, m. the rump moll, m. cbafif
toll, m. a hole GoU, m. Gaul
conn, m. a regulator spóld,yi a steak, or piece
bonn, m. a base tóll'tá, holed, bored
donn, brown trom, heavy
fonn, m. a melody, &c. tromb, a tramp, or Jew's harp
60.
In a few monosyllables 0 sounds like o in love, son.
Ex.
1^ ' 1 ^ J- when unemphatic.
In final unaccented syllables.
Ex.
coíMóra, m. justice, fair play cúd'róra, m, weight
béMl'óm, m, a scold, a taunt ao'trom, light, giddy
1 u.
Ú Sounds like u in rule, or 00 in food.
ÚZZÚ Ex.
bu, m. a tent cul, m, a back
cu, m. a dog cum, to hold, contain
tu, c. thou, you run, m, a mystery, &c.
up, to shove 1ÚS, m. strength
bru,/. a belly tur, m. sen^e
cru, m. a horseshoe glun, c. a knee
lub, to bend mur, m. a wall
8
2u.
u Sounds like u in push, put, as pronounced in England.
u=u Ex.
lus, m. an herb cur, m. a sowing
bun, m. a root sgur, m. a ceasing, a stop
rud, m. a thing tur, entire
cus, m. superfluity glug, m. the noise of agitat-
rííg, did bear ed liquor
bus, m. a mouth cíísp, m. a chilblain
mult, m. a wedder brusg, m. a morsel
3u.
Ú Sounds like u in us, but, bunn.
u=ú Ex.
CaH'úm, m, Malcom riid, m. a thing ( Argyle dial.)
fall'iis, m. sweat son'iis, m. happiness, success
dor'ús, 771. a door cam'iis, m. a bay
sol'us, m. light don'us, m. mischief, &c.
Note, These words and others are often spelt with a
in their final syllable, because ú and a have the same
sound.
Sounds of the Slender Vowels.
1 e.
é With an acute accent sounds like a in the English
words pale, tale, sale ; or like French e in été.
é=é Ex.
ceyf. the earth re, during
de, m. yesterday te,^ one
gle, very Spé,y! the river Spey
This is the sound of the improper diphthong eu.
Ex.
bewm, m. a taunt cewd, ni. a hundred
cewm, m. a step béwr, sharp, keen
feMm, m, need, use gléí^s, to tune
gewm, m. a low béws, m. conduct, habit
béwd, m. harm féwr, m. grass, hay
In many places this diphthong is pronounced with the
3d sound of e, which see.
2 e.
e Sounds like a in the Scotch name Kate, or like ea in
treat, beat, defeat, as generally pronounced in Scotland,
earze Ex.
cead. f. leave fé«d, f. a whistle, a whizz
le, with trertsg, w. draif
és'án, he éob'ár, m. a puddle
eas, f. a waterfall greod'an, m. a spell or turn
té«s, m. heat feau'ag, /. a small whistle
cleas, w. a trick, &c. creag'an, m. a rocky place
deos, ready féos'gár, m. an evening
beag, little deasg'nán, lees, dregs
breab, f. a kick pé«s'an, m. a pert child
3 e.
é Sounds like e in there, where, or like French e in frere.
é^é Ex.
e, he Í re, during c§, m. cream
me, m. a baa * -i t§, /. one fe, m. a calm
gnéjW.a kind or sort (glé, very
This is the sound of the improper diphthong ea.
eazzé
Ex.
ceorr, left, wrong
béfli^ná, /. a breach
bé«rr, to crop
cear'ná, /. a comer
fe«rr, better
féar'ná, 7n. alder
g§«rr, to cut
earlas, m. earnest-money
é Sounds like English e in bed, fled, ebb ; or like a in
the second
syllable of vacate.
ea=é
Ex.
és'án, m. he
éarr'ann, /. a portion
de, of
féaiT'an, m, land
fear, m. a man
céann'ard, m, a chief, a leader
méar, sportive
pean'as, m. punishment
bé«n, f. a woman
défltnn'al, m. a spell, or turn
lei/n, to follow
fé«r'an, m, a manikin
géan, m. glee, humour
béon'ag, f. a little woman
* These three words are so pronounced in some districts.
10
5 e.
é Sounds like e in before, rely ; or like i in is, it.
!=é Ex.
béó, alive
céó, m. mist
déó, m. breath
sgléó, m. a veil or shade
réó'tá, frozen
léo'mun, m. a moth
féól'á, of flesh
éór'ná, m. barley
bréó, to moulder
céól, m. music
géób, m. scoop
dréós, nu a blaze
féó'rag, /. a squirrel
téom'á, expert, fond
géó'lá, a yawl
sméó'rag,/. a young thrush
6 e.
é Sounds like e in her, or like u in tub ; e final has
always this sound.
1 i.
or machine ; or like e in me.
Ex.
isp, f. a file or rasp
cib, f. a kind of wild grass
mir, m. a part, a piece
tir, /. land, a country
dig, /. a ditch, a dyke
cir, f. a comb
fir, real, true
2 i.
in wig, pin, trig, live.
Ex.
rib, m. a snare
mil, /. honey
dril, m. a globule of dew
smid, f. a syllable
smig, /i a chin
glic, wise
fir, m. men, males
drip, f. hurry, bustle.
i Sounds like i iu pique
1=1
i, f. she, her
mi, c. I, me
bi, to be
tri, three
im, m. butter
grim, grim
slim, sleek
i Sounds like i
irri
fin'e, ni. a clan, &c.
min'e, of meal
mir'e, m. sporting
pinn'e, m. a pin of wood
binnld, f. rennet
, gil'e, /. whiteness
gill'é, m. a man-servant
imlr, m. a rig of land
11
3i.
i Sounds like i in sir, stir; like e in her, or u in slur.
\='i Ex.
is, am, is, &c. tigh-túí, a house, tighean-tai'ún, houses.
Diphthongs.
There are twelve diphthongs, se, ai ; eo; ia, io, iu;
ua ; ea, ei, eu ; oi ; ui. Ao, which has been classed
among the diphthongs, is a simple sound.
ao. ^
ao Sounds like á very much prolonged.
Ex.
aol, m. lime aom, to bend, to incline
daol,/. a beetle taom, to pour out
gaol, m. love faob, a clumsy piece
maol, bald, blunt laom, to lodge, as crop does
raon, m. a field caog, to wink
braon, m. a 'drop craos, a chasm, &c.
daor, (.'ear, costly taod, a halter
saor, cheap, free, &c. raod,???. a thing (Argyllshire)
aod'án, m. a face saor'sk, f. freedom
caor'ánn, tn. service fruit ao'trom, light, vain
caor'an, tn. a bit of peat mao'dál, f. a paunch
Of the diphthongs, the seven first are proper ; except
ai and io which in some instances are also improper.
The other five are mostly improper ; particularly such
of them as have i for their postpositive.
The use of i in the improper diphthongs is merely to
qualify the sound of the succeeding consonant.
I. ae Proper,
ae Sounds áé.
Ex.
Gael, gá'él, m. a Highlander.
II. ai Proper.
1. ai Sounds ai, like i in twine, fine.
Ex.
caill, to lose saill,/. fatness, fat
12
stáing,/. to a shelf snáínij m. a knot
Fráing, /. to France cáint,/. language, speech
tkmgyf, thanks sgráíng,/. a rueful look
2. ai Proper, short ; same sound.
Ex.
taic, /. support sale, m. sacks
glaic,/. of a hollow ialg/i, to get
saíí//í, m. a stem or stern post \Qldh, to lie down,
caíí/í, to spend raaith, good
3. ai Improper, ai Sounds a.
Ex.
sazl,/. a heel mm\, m. rents
dá^^, /I delay fair./, daybreak
páírc, /I a park trá?ll, ^'. a slave
da/n, w. poems ckin, f. tribute
Note, ai in the end of a word very frequently sounds
i. Sometimes the i alone sounds, and then in many
places goes into é; see 4 e, p. 9.
Ex.
cam'ain, (pr. cam'én) clubs ach'lais, (pr. ach'llish) f. an
sgad'ain, (pr. sgat'én) her- armpit
rings tannaisg, (pr. tann'ishk) m.
spirits, sprites
4. ai Improper, short; same sound, equal to 2 a.
Ex.
S2ii],f. a beam mair, to last
dai],f. a plain field aire,/, poverty
faic, to see caelc,/. chalk
fair, to give tais, soft
III. eo Proper — see examples, p. 10, under 5 e.
IV. ia Proper.
ia Sounds ia.
Ex.
Dia, m. God iad, they, them
riab, to tear íáll, f. a thong
13
riás'ag,/. a beard díán, swift, speedy
ián, m. a bird gial, m. a jaw or cheekbone
Brian, yi a bridle liab'ag,/. a flounder
{0' In the greatest part of Inverness-shire, the postposi-
tive of this diphthong is pronounced a.
V. io Improper.
1. io sounds i.
Ex.
*dion, to protect diol, to distribute
fion, m. wine miol, /i a louse
Hon, to fill piob,/. a bagpipe
* In Inverness-shire, these words are pronounced dian,
fian, &c.
Fionn, m. Fingal, sounds fiunn.
Siona,/! Jane, sounds Shi'nú.
2. io sounds í short.
Ex.
fios, tn. knowledge bior, m. a goad, &c.
lios, m. a garden briosg, to start
smior, m. nnarrow cion, m. need, desire, love.
VI. iu Proper, long.
1. iu sounds ÍÚ, like u in fume, tune, &c.
Ex.
diu, 7n. refuse ciurr, to hurt
f iu, worthy stiur, to steer, guide
riu, to them liunn, m. ale, beer
dium, displeasure cliu, m. praise
2. iu sounds ííi, like u in duenna.
Ex.
ámgh, to-day ^mbh'hs, m. fir
flliich, wet tríííóA'ás, m. trew s, hose
diiig, / a chuck giul'an, m. a boy
fliug, m. a flap &c. liut^A'a, so many, how many
B
14
VII. ua Proper, long.
1. ua sounds ua.
Ex.
cúa.\,f. a burden dúán, 7n. a poem, a rhyme
dual, 7)}. a plait, a fold fúár, cold
fual, m. urine cruas, hardness
gual, m. coal níiás, down
Note. In some districts this diphthong is sounded úá.
VIII. ea Improper.
ea sounds e long, and é short. See examples, page 9th,
under 3 e, and 4 e.
Note. In Argyleshire, this diphthong is pronounced
as a proper diphthong, with the principal stress on the
postpositive; thus.
Long, cearr z= kmr Short, ceart := kiarst
tearr == tíár feart =: fiersht
&c. &c.
IX. ei Improper, long.
1. ei sounds e, like a in pale, or é in French bonte.
Ex.
drem, y. a grimace c\eir,f. clergy
fern, self ceir, f. wax
gez'g, /. to a branch eisd, to listen
féísd, /. a banquet féíll, f. a fair, a holiday
2. ei, Improper, short, like e in beat, retreat, as generally
pronounced in Scotland.
Ex.
heir, to seize on eiVe, other
géí'r,/. tallow, fat deiVe, f. of a spindle
sgéh',/. a rock (in the sea.) tem'e, m. a fire
ciist,f. a question, love E%'é, ?)). the island Eigg.
X. eu Improper, long.
éu sounds é. See page 8, under 1 e.
lí
XI. oi Proper, long.
1. oi sounds ÓÍ, both vowels equally long.
Ex.
colli,/ a wood óíllt,/. dread, horror
dóíll, m^ blind men sgoim,/. a fright, a panic
fóíll,/. deceit \6im,f. a shift, a baring
tóíU, to merit róínn,/ a share
2. oi Improper, short, oi sounds o.
Ex.
c6i\\e,f. of a Avood. dóo'é, m. a grove
dóiTlé,/. of blindness. móíTlé,/. delay
3. oi Improper, long, oi sounds o, as in corn.
Ex.
con-,/, a right ioir, f. help
lorn, m. of a marsh groig,/. a botcher
moid,/, greatness stozl, m. of a stool
oi], m. of drinking glóá',/. speech, glory
spoig,/ to a paw Iroig,/. to a hole
4. oi Improper, short. — oi sounds o as in lot, got.
Ex.
com, m. dogs fo^l, to wallow
oil', f. a border sgoel, /. a school, &c.
toir, to give toit,f. steam
toil, /. will poit, f. a pot
5. oi Improper, long.
oi sounds o as in bold, bolt.
Ex.
hold, \ _p coio^, five
-., >J. a vow -• ^ r 1 u
moid, J *' oisg,j. a hog sheep
foid, 771. a turf fo?n, to suffice
6. oi Improper, short, oi sounds ó as in revolt.
Ex.
cóis,f. to a foot lóz'sg, to burn
foes,/, rest, repose Móá'é,/ Mary
B 2
16
Xir. úí Improper, long, úi sounds ú, as in true.
Ex.
cml,/. a corner smuió, f. smoke
dull,/, expectation cu?g,/. five, {provÍ7i.)
2. ui Improper, short, ui Sounds u, as in put.
Ex.
fml,/. blood tml,/. aflood
sguiv, to desist ciin-, to put, plant, sow
fuiD, to bake spúir,y. a spur, spurs
Triphthongs.
In Gaelic there are only four Triphthongs.* They are
made up of the proper Dipthhongs eo, ia, iu, ua, with the
addition of i. The i serves merely to qualify a succeed-
ing consonant.
I. Eoi.
eoi sounds éó.
Ex.
béóz'l, mouths édin, birds
fé6{\,f. flesh méóir, fingers
II. iai.
iai Sounds ia.
Ex.
fiaiVé, more liberal ciá^yé, duskier '
In the greatest part of Inverness-shire this combination
sounds ia, both vowels equally long.
* aoi is usually added to the list of Triphthongs, but with no good
reason. Ao represents a simple sound, and when i is added to
them, the i itself has no distinct sound, but is used merely as a
servile to attenuate the sound of the consonant which follows it.
Ex.
aotl, m. of lime sao/r, m. workers in wood
saozl, to suppose vaaoim,/. a fright
raotn, m. of a iield laoich, heroes
daomé, w. men lao/gh, calves
17
III. iui.
iúi Sounds ÍÚ.
Ex.
atmir,/. a rudder cmm. mild
cíúel, m. of music siuii, sails
IV. uai.
uai Sounds úái.
Ex.
aúáíp, /. an exchange úáíg^, /. a grave
gúáil, m. of coal bíiáíl, to strike
This is the only real Triphthong in the language; for
the last vowel is distinctly pronounced. In Ross-shire
and Inverness-shire, however, the a in this, as well as in
every combination wherein it occurs, slides into a.
Consonants.
The Consonants are b, c, d, f,
g,b.
, 1, m, n, p, r, s.
1 t.
They are divided into
Plain, b.
c,
d, f,
g'
m, p, 8,
t.
Aspirated, bb,
ch.
dh, fh.
gb,
mh, ph, sh,
th.
Sharp,
p»
c, t,
f,
ch.
Kindred Flat, b.
?, d,
bb,]
mh, gh, dh.
Labials,
b.
f, m,
t
bh, mh.
Linguals,
c,
d, g,
n, r, 9, t.
Liquids,
1,
m n.
r,
8, t.
The labials, in
whatever connection
I with other letters,
have one uniform sound.
1. B sounds
somewhat like b in
the French words,
obtint, absolu.
Examples
}.
Spelling.
Pronunciation.
English.
bar, m.
bar,
crop, top
b'é,
be.
it was he.
bi,
bi,
b3
to be.
18
Pronunciation.
Eng
bo,
a cow.
bú,
a tent, a shop.
ablr,
to say.
gab,
a mouth.
Spelling.
bo,/,
bu, m.
ab'air.
gab, ni.
2. B, preceded by any liquid, except s and m, is sounded
in some districts of the Highlands, as if the vowel pre-
ceding the liquid were repeated after it to form a syllable
along with b; so that words of this combination, which
have only one syllable to the eye, have two to the ear.
Ex.
Spelling.
Pronunciation.
English.
gilb,/
gíl'íp.
a chisel.
tgealb,/.
skial'ap.
a splinter.
earb.
er'ab,
to trust, to entrust.
cainbe, /.
canl-be.
of canvass.
Bh
generally sounds like
v in English.
1. Always when initial.
bha,
va.
was
bhean,/.
ven.
the woman
bhig.
vlk,
of little
bhos,
VÓS,
on this side
bhus.
vus.
his mouth.
2. Sometimes when final.
sabh, w.
sav,
a saw
trewbh, /'.
trev.
a tribe
sibh, c. ■
shiv,
ye, you
baobh, f.
baov,
avery wicked person
3. Sometimes it is pronounced in
the middle of a word.
aoibhneas, ;«
óív'nús,
joy
cabhag,/.
cav'ak,
hurry
abhachd,/
av'uchk,
sport, passtime
taobhan, m.
teav'an.
a side rafter
cliabhan, ?n.
clíáv'an,
a small basket, &c.
19
4. Sometimes it is quiescent in the middle of a word.
Spelling,
dubhan, m.
Pronunciation,
díí'an.
English,
a hook
tubhadh, m.
tíí'úgh.
thatch
luibhean,/.
lluí'ún.
herbs
gobhar,/
gó'úr,
a goat
5.
Sometimes the h only is sounded.
dubh,
dííh.
black
subh, m,
siubhal, m.
súh,
shííh'úll.
a wild strawberry
way, speed
6. Sometimes it slides into the sound of u.
abhras, m.
áú'rás,
material for spinning
abhlan, m.
áú'llan.
a wafer
cabhsair, in. cáús'er,
leabhar, tn. sounds líó'úr,
a road, a causeway
a book
7. Preceded
by a liquid, it is in many places pronounced
like b 2.
marbb,
mar'av.
dead
dealbh, m.
meanbh.
diall'av,
men'ev,
M.
an image
small, puny
M sounds as in English.
Ex.
mas, m.
mas.
a bottom
meur,/.
mer.
a finger
mir, m.
mir,
a piece
mor,
moi.
great
raur, m.
mur.
a wall
tromb, /.
tromb,
a jews Harp
camp, m.
cáúmp, .
a camp
cam.
j cáúm,
(cam,
crooked
céum.
kem,
a step
m, preceded by a liquid is often
pronounced like b 2.
ainm, m.
en 'em.
a name
20
Spelling. Pronunciation. English,
aim, m, al'am, alum
gairm,/. gú'iím, a call
mh generally sounds like v in English.
1. Always when initial,
mhan, van, of boils
, vak, ) c
mnac, vir r ^^ ^oTis,
mhain, vam, down
mhol, voU,* I praised, &c.
mhil, vii, the honey
mhur, vur, of walls
2. Sometimes when final,
ramh, /«. ráv, an oai'
naomh, naov, holy
lamh, /I *lláv, a hand
3. It is sometimes silent when final.
cnuimh,y^ krui, a worm
uaimh, /. úáí, a cave
goimh,yi goi, virulence
cloimh,yi cloi, scabbiuess
4. Sometimes it is pronounced in the middle of a word,
neamhaidh, * nnievli, heavenly
talrahaidh, tall'av-i, earthly
5. Sometimes it is silent when medial,
coimheach, coí'úch, cross, unkind
cloimheach, cloí'úch, scabby
geamhlag, giel'ak, a crow bar
6. Sometimes it slides into the sound of u.
damb, m. dau, an ox
reamhar, * reu'iir, fat
amhach,/. aíi'úch, a neck
* The double letters in the pronunciation column, de-
notes a broad sound.
21
Spel.
Pron.
Eng.
sambradb, m.
sau'rú.
summer
camhlach, m.
caú'iúch,
F.
a navy
F sounds as in
English.
fáJA^m.
fas,
growth
féur, m.
fei-,
grass, hay
fir,
fir.
real
forlach, m.
fói'llúcli.
a furlough
cuifen, m.
cuifen,
a wad
Fh is always
silent.
fhas,
as,
his growth
fhios,
iss,
his knowledge
fhoir,
biv,
his assistance
fhuar,
uar.
cold
Except f huair,
huair,
P.
did get
P sounds as in
English.
pag,/
pak.
a kiss
pios, m.
piss,
a silver cup
péur, m.
per,
a pear
pos,
pos.
to maiTy
P, preceded
by a short vowel
sounds as if an h wei
written before it.
sop, m.
sohp.
a straws
copan, m.
cohp'an,
a cup
tapaidh,
tah'pi,
smart, active
cipein, m.
kibp'eu,
a tether-pin
Ph always sounds like f.
P^íág»
fak,
of kisses
phios.
fiss,
of silver cups
phéur,
fér,
of pears
phos,
fÓ8,
did marry
22
LiNGUALS.
Each of the Unguals has two sounds, a broad, and a
slender sound. A lingual has its broad sound when pre-
ceded or followed by a broad vowel in the same syllable;
and its slender sound, when preceded or followed by a
slender vowel in the same syllable.
C.
1. C is always hard. Before or after a broad vowel, as
explained above, c sounds like French q in que.
c=rq Ex.
Spel. Pron. Spel. Pron.
caog, qaoq, to wink craobh,/. qraov, a tree
CÚ, m. qu, a dog clais, f. qllash, a furrow
CO, c. qo, who ? cruth, m. qriih, a shape
2. C, before or after a slender vowel, sounds like k in
king, kiss.
c=:k Ex.
ciTff. kir, a comb ceus, kes, to crucify
cill,y. kill, a burying-place ceist,/kesht, a question
C final in a few words sounds chk or chq.
cac, w. cachk, excrement mac, m. machk, a son
sac, 771. sachk, a sack brie, m. brichk, pars,trouts
But in Ross-shire and some other parts of the High-
liinds, these and similar words are pronounced regularly
rak, sak, &c.
Ch.
Ch has a strong guttural sound. There is none
similar to it in English. It is common to the lowland
Scotch language with the Gaelic. Those who can pro-
nounce the words burrock, lerroch, and b7'ogh or broch,
may with equal ease pronounce the Gaelic words búái-'ách,
lái-'ách, and broch, or any other words in which ch occurs.
Englishmen will find no difficulty in this sound, if they
can pronounce ch in the Irish exclamation och.
23
1. Ch, in connection with a broad vowel, sounds like gh
in the Scotch word sangh, (willow), or like ch in the
Irish word ocb.
cha, not moch, early
chu, dog chraobh, the tree ) r
luch,y. a mouse chlais, the furrow J "'
2. Ch, in connection with a slender vowel, sounds like
Greek ;^ as pronounced in Scotland ; or like ch in the
Scotch inter] ection^c/i/
chzrp^ Ex.
chi, will see chewd, the first
chip, of the last chli^g, did start
chéir, the wax chir, the comb, &c.
deich, ten ó«ch, oh!
G.
G is the flat sound of c; and, like it, is always hard.
There is no sound in English exactly like it.
1. G initial sounds somewhat like g in dog, hug, but
* stronger.
Pronunciation. Ex. Pronunciation,
gabh, gay, to take gorach, gó'rách, foolish
glas, f. glass, a lock gug, guq, the cuckoo's note
grad, grat, quick glag, glaq, ;??. a loud laugh
2. G final sounds like French q in que.
g=q Pron. Ex. Pron.
gug, guq, the cuckoo's note glag, glaq, a loud laugh
gag, gaq, a gash, or fissure glug, gliiq, a rumble
gog, goq, the cry of a cock crag, kraq, a knock
or hen
3. G, before or after a slender vowel, sounds nearly like
g in give.
Pron. Ex.
Pron.
gille,
gile,
geola,
gil'le, m. a lad stig,
gil'é,/. whiteness big,
gíó'lá,/. a yawl big,
shtik,/ a dwarf
bik, little ones
bik,y. a chirp
24
Gh.
Gh is the flat sound of ch. It is formed in the same man-
ner, but is less harsh. There is no sound like it in English.
1. Gh initial, broad, in connection with a broad vowel.
Pron. Ex. Pron.
ghabh, ghav, did take ghon, ghon, did pierce
ghrod, ghrot, did rot ghlas, ghlas, the lock
ghlun, ghlun, his knee ghrain, ghram, the hate
2. Gh final, broad, in the same syllable with abroad vowel.
Ex.'
drágh, rn. trouble agh, m. felicity
lágh, m. law slogh, of hosts
mágh, m. a field sogh, in. luxury
blagh, m. sense sugh, m. substance
3. Gh, before or after a slender vowel, sounds nearly like
y in ye, yes.
gh=y Ex.
Pron. Pron. ,
ghin, yin, begot ghéug,/. yég,the branch
gheir,y! yen-, the tallow ghéur, yer, sharp
laoigb, llaoiy, calves geoigh, gíói y, geese
tráigh,y! tra-y, the shore luaigh, Uuai-y, mention
4. Gh is sometimes sounded in the middle of a word.
Ex.
tágh'an, m. a martin trúágh'an, m. an object of pity
frágh'an, m. a bristle sluagh'or, populous
bagh'an, m. a creek búágh ach, victorious
5. Sometimes it is silent in the middle and end of a word.
Ex.
sao^A'ál, m. a world tkgh^ to choose
bao<7^'ál, nu harm V^9^-> P^d'I' *"*
lao^^'ách, affable, &c. su^^'? of wild strawberries
ti^A'inn, coming ni^^, to wash
\\igh'ká, m. smallness f i^A, to weave
25
T.
1 . T, preceded or followed by a broad vowel, sounds
stronger than in English, somewhat like Italian t, in tem-
po, trio.
ta, tá, am at,/, at, a hat
ton,/, ton, a bottom cota, m, có'tá, a coat
turn, turn, to dip tri, tri, three
tut tilt, tut tla, tla, soft, mild
2. T, preceded or followed by a slender vowel, sounds
somewhat like ch in cheese, chip.
Ex.
till, chill, to return ite,/. ih'chá, a feather
tim,/ chim, time lite,/, líh'chá, porridge
tir, /. chir, land gibht,/. gih'tsh, a gift
te,/ che, one ti,/ chi, a being
* T in ti, tea, sounds broad.
3. T sometimes sounds as if h were written before it.
Ex.
cat,
caht, m. a cat
pait.
paiht,/ a bump
slat.
slaht,/. a rod
cait.
caiht, cats
cuta,
cííh'tá,/. a cut of yarn coit,
coiht,/ a small boat
putag,
, puh'tak,/. a thole
-pin tuit,
Th.
tiiiht, to fall
Th, initial and final, sounds like h in hand.
tha.
ha, am
thall,
háídl, on the other side
thug,
huk, gave
thill.
hill, did return
thog,
hok, lifted
thim,
him, his time
thig.
hik, will come
theum, hem, did bite
théid.
heit, will go
the,
he, to one
srath, srah, m. a valley sgith, skih, tired
gath, gab, m. a sting roth, rob, m. a wheel
bath, bah, to drown gruth, griih, m. curd
Th, in the middle of a word sounds h, but generally very
faintly.
26
bathar, bah'ar, m, goods suthan, silthán, strawberries
máthar,máh'ar,/. ofamother laitheam, Uáí'án, days
athar, ah'ar, m. of a father snaithin, snáí'ín, m. a thread
D.
D is the flat sound of t, and approaches very close to it.
1. Broad ; no sound like it in English,
da, da, two dluth, dluth, close
dath, dab, m. a colour druigh, drii'iy, to penetrate
dorn, dórn,y^ a fist drong, drong, people, &c.
dun, dim, w. a heap dan, dan, m. a poem.
2. final, broad like t.
gad, gat, m. a withe cadal, cat'tál, m, sleep
grod, grot, rotten udal, út'tál, m. a rocking
rud, rut, m. a thing grad, grat, quick
3. slender, somewhat like j in jibe, Jess, or ch in chin,
dith, jib, /. want déud, jet,/, a gum
dig, jik,/. a ditch idir, itsh'ir, at all
dé, jé, yesterday lite, lit'shá, a syllable
4. d in a final syllable after ch, sounds nearly like k,
or French q.
bochd, bbchq, poor, barrachd, ban'áchq,/ superiority
sachd, sachq, m. a sack currachd, curr'ackq, m. a cap
leachd, lliechq, /. a flag danachd, dán'áchq,/. boldness
dh.
Dh sounds like gh in the same situation.
S.
S broad, sounds like s sharp in English.
1. initial and final,
sas, sas, hold, custody fras, frass,/. a shower
has, has, m. death gras, gi'ás, m. grace
slios, slliss,yi a side bus, buss, m. a mouth
2. slender, like sh in she, shop,
sil, shil, of seed ceis, keish, f, a wicker basket
seid, sheit, to blow pris, prish,/ a price
sioda, sbi'tá, m. silk prois, prósh,/. pride
27
sh.
sh sounds h. Sh is always initial,
shron, hron, his nose shlat, hlaht, his rod
shil, hil, did drop shugh, hugh, his, its substance
shath, ha, his fill shon, hon, his, its sake
s, after t with a hyphen, is silent.
an t-snithe, un tríh'á, the dropping
an t-saoghail, un tao'il, of the world
an t-samhraidh, un táú'ri, of the summer
an t-sij, un til, of the seed
L, N, R.
All the Unguals, except these three, admit of an h
after them. L, n, r, have on this account been termed
immutables. They are not immutable, however, with
regard to sound. They are affected by the broad and
small vowels like the rest of the Unguals. Each of them
therefore has a broad and a slender sound ; and they are
the only letters which have the privilege of being doubled
in Gaelic.
L.
1. 1 broad, sounds like 1 in Italian molio.
las, lias, to kindle dalta, dall'ta, m. a fosterchild
los, llos, quest molta, moll'tá, praiseworthy
lus, llíiá, m. an herb suit sullt,/. fat
Ian, llán, full dealt diallt,/. dew
2. slender, liquid ; nearly like 11 in million, or liquid 1 in
French,
lith, lib,/, coloui- leigh, legh, m. a physician
léum, lém, tojump linn, lin,/. a generation
gill, gill, of a wager pill, pill, to return
féill, fell,/, a feast slim, slim, sleek
3. plain, like 1 in the English words live, link,
dail, dail,/. delay siiil, súil,y^ an eye
oil, oil, of drinking sroil, sroil, of silk
toil, toil, /. will fail, fail, to mue
C 2
28
N.
1. n broad, sounds as n in no, nigh.
nar, nar, shameful Ian, llan, full
nos, nós m. a custom ton, ton,/, a bottom
nuas, núás, down dun, dun, m, a heap.
2. slender, liquid like French liquid n in vignoble,
champagne,
ni, nni, m. a thing néul, nnéll, m. a cloud
nighean, nnián,/ a daughter nios, nniss,/! a weasel
nead, nniet,/. a nest uiar, nniar,/. the west
Nial, nnial, m. Neil nionag, nnin'ak,/. a little girl
Exception.
N preceding or following a slender vowel has its first
broad sound in many words,
ni, ni, shall do min, min,/. meal
nios, niss, up gin, gin, m. an offspring
Neill, Neill, of Neil Sine, Shi'na,/. Jane
n following c, g, or t, sounds like r in crank,
cno, cro,/. a nut cneas, cress,/ the bosom
cnag, crak,/. a knock cneap, crehp,/. a button
cnairah, cráív, m. a bone cnap, crahp, m. a knob, &c.
gnath, grab, 7W. a custom gnos, gross, w?. a snout
gniith, grub, grim, gnuis, griisb,/. a countenance
an t-snath, un trah, of the yarn
an t-snas, un trass, the security
an t-snamh, un tráv, of the swimming
ng sounds like ng in hang, and sometimes like ng in
linger,
mang,/. a hind fang, m. an enclosure
p5ng, »?. a point cuing, /. a yoke
n, in an accented syllable immediately followed by c or
g sounds like ng.
ionga, long'gá,/ a nail
longadh, llóng'gá, m. a meal
29
Francach, Frang'cúcb, a Frencliman
teanga, tieng'gá, /'. a tongue
cingein, king'gen, m. a wooden dish
seangan, sheng'gan, m. an ant
langan, llang'gan, m. a bellow
driongan dring'gan, 7n. a scraper
nn.
nn final, broad and nasal,
bann, báúnn,yi a band srann, sráúnn,/.' a snore
lann, láúnn,/. a blade donn, dounn, brown
nn slender, nasal,
binn, binn, melodious seinn, sheinn,/. singing
cinn, kinn, heads beinn, beinn,y! a mountain
R.
1. R sounds broad like r in more, roar,
ramh, ráv, m. an oar lar, liar, 7n. the ground
rag, rak. stiff cor, cor, w?. condition
riisg, rusk, m. a fleece cur, cur, m. sowing
2. rr harsh like r in cur, jar.
barr, m. crop cárr,y. scab,
tarr, to catch span-, to stow, &c.
corr, m. a remainder mur, a v/all
3. r slender sounds like r in read, reward,
mir mir, m. a piece fair, fair, to give
ceir, kér,J\ wax toir, toir, give thou
their, her, will say, spuir, spiiir, spurs
heir, heir, to bear cuir, cííir, to put
rt in the same syllable sound like rst in first.
mart, marst, ?/2. a cow goirt, gorsht, sour, sore
murt, raurst, m. murder Irt, irsht, St. Kilda
sgairt, sgarsht, /. activity Peairt, persht, Perth
puirt, pursht, times caiit, carsht,/ a cart, &c.
c3
30
The Alphabet.
Names.
Letters.
Powers.
CorrespondingEnglish powers.
a,
A,
a.
a, a,
rra in fat, far
be,
B,
b,
b,
no exact standard
ke,
dé,
c,
D,
c,
always hard,
z=k, q, and c hard
no exact standard
é,
E,
e,
é, é, e,
3: a in pate, e in there, e in her
ef,
F,
G,
f,
g>
f. '
always hard,
= f, ph
no exact standard
huh,
i.
H,
I,
i.
aspirate,
=:h in him
= i in pin, field
el,
L,
1,
1,1,
=1 in line & seraglio
em,
M,
m,
m,
= m in me and hum
en,
N,
n,
n, n,
=:n in men
0,
0,
0,
Ó, Ó, 0,
=0 in or, cold, hot
pé,
P,
P»
P.
=:p in pole, pin
er,
R,
r,
r, r,
=:r in rill and roar
ess.
s.
s,
s, sh,
=s in us, sh in she.
té,
T,
t,
t, t.
=:t in tall, ch in chin
Ú,
u.
u«
U, Ú, u,
=u in push, ruin & us
Bhbh )
Mhmh j
=v and 00
Ch ch )
Ghgh 1
no standard
Dhdh Í
Ghgh 1
= y in ye
Thth )
Shsh j
=:h in ham
Fhfh
Silent *
Phph
=f
^ Fh is silent in all words except fhuair, got, pronounced
hiiair.
31
KEY
To the sounds represented by the marks used in the
pronouncing columns of the following pages.
Vowels.
Gaelic standard-
Corresponding English standard.
1
a,
fan, wait,
= fat
2
a,
nar, shameful,
zzfár
1
e,
cleas, a trick,
= bet; or Scotch a in Kate
2
é,
fear, a man,
:= fervid
3
é,
ceum, a step,
zza in tale, French é in été
4
éj
e, he,
= where
1
i,
min, meal.
zrmint
2
i,
mir, a piece,
zree in tree, or i in field
1
0,
son, sake,
=:sot
2
o,
or, gold.
= fór
3
Ó,
bhós, on this side
=bólt
4
o,
mor, great.
=bold
1
u,
griith, curd,
=biill, piish
2
u,
buth, a tent,
zztriie, ru-in
3
u>
caolus, a strait.
::rus
4
Ú,
caol, small.
z=:n in French jeune, nearly
y.
=any
c never sounds like s ; but always hard like k or q.
g never sounds like j ; but always hard like q or k.
ch before or after a, o, u, in the same syllable, sounds as
in the Irish word och; or like gh in the Scotch word
saugh, (willow.)
ch in the same syllable with e or i, sounds as in the Scotch
word fich, or as Greek ')(^ is pronounced in Scotland,
gh in the same syllable with a, o, or u, sounds a little
more obtuse than ch in the same situation,
gh in the same syllable with e, i, sounds like y in the
English words ye, yield.
g. Italic g before 1 and n is silent. It is used to denote
a liquid sound of these letters.
g\ sounds like liquid gl in French.
gn sounds like liquid gn in French. •
32
k sounds as in king, kiss.
]I ) denote a broad liquid sound of these letters, like 1
nn >- and n in Italian mu/to, wuovo, and r in English
rr ) roar.
nh are silent : they denote that the vowel preceding them
has a nasal sound.
ng denotes a sound like that of ng in the English words
hang, strong, sing, sung.
q sounds as in French que.
The arch denotes a short vowel, and that the syllable
over or beneath which it is placed contains a diphthong
or triphthong.
' The accent placed after a syllable shows that the stress
rests on the vowel or consonant preceding it.
y at the beginning of a syllable in the pronunciation co-
lumn, sounds as in ye, you.
VOCABULARY &c.
Of the Universe.
Mu'n Chruitheachd.
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
God, m.
Dia,
dia ; diu
The Creator, m
. an cruthadair,
ung cruh'ud-ér
The Godhead,/
\ an diadhachd
un diu'yuchq
The Trinity,/.
an trianaid
un tri'án-étsh
The Father, in.
an t'athair,
un tah'ér
The son, m.
am mac,
um-achq'
Jesus Christ, 7n.
Josa Criosta,
lu'su criíís-tu
The holy Spirit, ;
m.an Spiorad uaomh,un spiri-'ut niiv
The creation, m.
1 an cruthach,
J an cruthachadh,
ung criih'uch
ung criih'uch-ugh
A creature, m.
créutaír.
cré'tér
The world, m.
an saoghal.
un su'ull
Heaven m.
neamb,
i^nyeV (liq.
Hell,/
ifrinn,
if'ri^n (liq.
A spirit, m.
spiorad.
spirr'ut
An angel, m.
aingeal.
aing'gyull
The Devil, w.
an diabhol,
un diu'iill
The iairies m.
na sithchean,
nu shi'chyujn
Of the Elements.
Mu na Duilean.
The earth, m.
an talamh,
un tall'uv
Water, m.
uisge,
uish'kyu
34
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Fire, m.
teine.
tyen'u- ; tshen'u
Air, in.
an t-aile,
un tá'líu
Wind,/.
gaoth.
gu
A storm,/.
stoirm.
stér-m ; sto-rim
The North wic
id,/, a ghaoth tuadh,
u ghu tiia
— South —
-f. deas.
u ghu dyess
— East -
-/ 'n ear.
u ghu gnyer (liq)
— West -
-/. n iar.
u ghu ^niur (liq)
Thunder, m.
1 torunn,
j tairneanach,
ton-'unn
tárr'í7nyén-uch (liq)
Lightning, m.
dealan,
dyall'an
Fog, m.
ceo,
kyo
A cloud, m.
neu].
^nyell^ (liq)
Rain, m.
uisge,
ulsh'kyu
A shower, /
fras.
frass
Hail,/
clach mheallain,
klach víéll'én
Snow, 711.
sneachda,
sh^níéch'qu (liq)
Frost, m.
reodhadh,
réo'ugh ; ro'ugh
Ice,/.
eigh ; deigh,
eí ; díeí
Thaw, m.
aiteamh
Of Colours.
Mu Dhaithean.
aiht'uv
A rainbow, m,
bodha froise.
bóú frosh'u
A colour, m.
dath.
dah
White, m.
geal,
gíal
Black, m.
dubh,
duh
Blue, m.
gorm,
gor'om
Green, m.
uaine.
iiain'u
Grey, m.
glas,
glass
Red, m.
dearg.
diai-'aq
Yellow, m.
buidhe.
bii-i
Brown, m.
donn.
dolinn
Purple, m.
purpi; purpur,
pur'pi ; pur'pur
Scarlet,/
sgarlaid.
skarllait
35
English.
A year, /.
A month, c.
A week,yi
A day, m.
An hour,y.
A minute, /.
The morning, /.
Noon, m.
Evening, m.
Of Time.
Mil uine.
Gaelic,
bliadhna,
mios,
seachdain
la ; lath a,
uair,
mineid,
a nihaduin,
meadhoin latha,
feasoar.
Orthoepy,
bliu'nnu
mi's ; mias
shéchq'én
lla ; llah'u
iiuir ; iiair
min'éít
u vat'i^n
mi- en llah'u
(liq)
resscur
u chav'an-ich
un du'hra ; dú'ra
un diiih ; jiih
um manh'iyuch
un ^nyer'ir (liq)
un dye ; or je
Days of the week.
Laithean na seachdaine.
diluain, di-líiaín
dimairt, di-marsht
diciadain, di-kia'dum
dirdaoin, dir-dmn
dihaoine, di-húín'u,
disathurna, di-sah'ur-nu
didomhnich, di-donh'-nich
Divisions of the year.
Raithean na bliadhna.
an t-earrach, un tyar'ruch
an samhradh, un saiinh'rugh
) am foghar, um fu-ur,
j am fogh'radh, um fu'rugh
an geamhradh, ung gyeii'rugh
Twilight(morning)fa chamhanaich,
■ (evening)???, an du-thra,
To-day, m. an diugh,
To-morrow, in. am maireach.
The day after)
^ > an earair,
to-morrow, m. j '
Yesterday, m. an de.
Monday, m,
Tuesday, m.
Wednesday, m.
Thursday, m.
Friday, m.
Saturday, m.
Sunday, m.
Spring, m.
Summer, m.
Autumn, m.
Winter, m.
36
English. Gaelic.
A quarter of a year,ráidh, m.
Half a year,/. leth bhliathna;
Three quarters ^^^ ^.^^^^
«f a year,
Other terms, and holidays.
Orthoepy,
rra-i
^leh'vlíu-nnu
tri rái'un
(liq
Raithean agus feillean eile.
nolluig, nnoll'ik
a bhliadhn' lir, u vliunn ur,
an fhéill mártain, "°/^^^ ™ar8'tuí^n
(hq
um ma'rst
Christmas,/
The new year,/.
Martinmas,/.
March, m.
May, m.
June, m.
Thewormmonth,«?an t-iuchar,
Lammas, /. an liunasdail.
am mart,
am magh,
an ceitein.
Lent, m.
A holiday, m,
A fast day, m.
an carmhus,
latha féille,
latha traisg.
Of jMankind.
Mu'n Chinne daoine.
um magh
ung kye'tyen
un tyiich'ur
un ^lyiin'us-duil (liq
ung car'a-us
llah'u fei^i'l-u
llah'u trashk
(liq
A man, m. duine,
A woman, m, boireanach.
Infancy, / leanabachd,
A child, m. leanabh,
A boy, m. giulan,
A girl,/ cailag,
A little girl, / niag,
Age, / aois,
Youth,/ ^igc>
A youth, m. oganach,
A lad, m. gille,
A lass,/ nionag.
An old fellow, m. bodach,
An old hag, / cailleach,
A husband, m. fear ; céile.
diiin'u
bóír'unn-uch
p'lyen'ub-uchq
^lyen'uv
gyiill'an
cail'ak
^i-ak
u'sh
oik'u ; 6'kyu
ó'gan-uch
gi^l'líu
^i'nak
bot'uch
kai^ruch
fér ; ke'lu
(liq
(liq
(hq
(liq
(liq
(liq
37
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A wife, /I
bean ; céile.
ben ; ke'lu
A widow,/
banntrach.
baiinn'truch
A bachelor, m.
fleasgach,
fless'cuch
A maid,/
maidean.
mui'dyunn
A father, m.
athair,
ah'ér
A mother,/
mathair.
mánh'ér; mé'ér
A brother, m.
brathair,
brá'ér
A sister, /
piuthar.
Of Kindred.
píii'ur
Mu Luchd daimh.
Ancestors, m.
sinnsreadh,
shinh'shrugh
Relations,
cairdeau,
car'dyun
A grandfather, m. seannair.
shyen'er
A grandmother,
f. seanmhair.
shyén'a-vér
Agreat grandfather,sinnseannair, m.
shinh'shyen-er
A great grand
mother,/
' j- sinnseanmhair,
clann, (f. sing.)
shinh'shyén-a-vér
Children,
kllaiinn
Offspring, 711.
sliochd,
sllyuchq
A son, m.
mac ; machd.
mak; machq
A daughter,/
nighean; nion,
^ni-an (liq.)
A grand-son or I _ ,,
grand.daughter,r^^^' ^*-
ó'u
Indirect Kindred.
Luchd cleamhnuis.
A father-in-law, m. athair céile, ah'ér ke'lu
A mother-in-law,/ mathair cheile, mánh'ér ché'lu
A son-in-law, m. cliamhuin, klm'i^n (liq.)
A daughter-in-law,banachliamhuin, / ban'a chliu'i^n (liq.)
A brother-in-law, w.brathair céile, brá'ér ke'lu
A sister-in-law, / piuthar cheile, pm'ur ché'lu
A foster mother,/ muime, miiim'u
A foster father, m, oide, uitsh'u
A foster child, m, dalta, dall'tu
D
38
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A nurse, /^
banaltrum,
ban'all-trum
A god-father, rii
(. oide,
uitsh'u
A god-mother,
/ muime,
miiim'u
A god-son or
daughter, f.
j- dalta,
dall'tu
A sponsor, m.
goisti.
Of the Body.
Mu'nchorp.
gosh'tshi; goshtl
The body, m.
an corp,
ung corp
The members,
na buill.
nu biii^l (liq.)
A member, m.
ball,
baull
The head, m.
an ceann,
ung kyeiinn
The hair, m.
am fait,
um fallt
The face, m.
an t-aodun,
un tii'dn
The front, f.
an aghaidh.
un ugh'i
The visage,/.
f a ghniiis,
\ an iirla,
u ghrú'sh
un ur'llu
The eyebrows,
na maildhean,
nu mé'lé-un
The eyes.
na siiilean.
nu su'lyun
The eyelids,
na fabhran,
nu fa'v-run
The eyelashes,
n3 ruisg,
nu riishk
The nose,/
an t-sron.
un tró'n
The nostril, m.
an cuinnen,
ung cuí^n'én (liq-)
The cheek, /.
a ghruaidh,
u ghriiai
The jaw, m.
am peirceal.
um per'kyull (liq.)
The slope of the Í ^ j^^^j^j
cheek,/. |
un ^lyechq
The chin, /.
an smig.
un smik
The mouth, m.
am béul,
um he'll ; biall
The lips,
na bilean,
nu bil'un
The teeth,
na fíaclan.
nu fiuch'cllun
The tongue,/
an teanga.
un tyeng'gu
The ears.
na cluasan,
nu klliias'un
The neck,/
an amhach,
un aiich
The shoulder, /
\ a ghualain,
u ghúúll'i^ (liq.)
The arm, m.
an gairden.
ung gar'dyen
39
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
The elbow, /.
an uilean.
un iiil'unn
The hand, f.
an lamh,
un llanhv
The fingers,
na meoir,
nu myoir
The thumb, y!
an ordag,
un o'r-daq
The first finger,
/ a chorag.
u choi^aq
The little fingei
, / an ludag,
un llu'daq
The fist,/.
an dorn,
un dorn
A joint, m.
alt,
allt
A nail,/.
ionga.
iung'gu
The knuckles.
na rudain,
mi rú'd-én
A palm,/
bas.
bass
The breast, m.
an t-uchd.
un tUchq
The chest, m.
an cliabh,
ung kliuv
The belly, /
a bhru.
u vrú
The thighs.
na sléisnean,
nu sh^le'sh-nyun
The knee, c.
an glun,
ung gUun
The kneepan,wi
failmen,
fél'ém-én
The calf, m.
an calpa,
ung call'a-puh
The foot, m.
an troidh.
un truih
The heel,/
an t-sail.
un tail
The skull, m.
an claigean.
ung kllaik'unn
The brain, m.
an t-eanachuin.
untyen'uch-i^(liq)
The heart, 7n,
an cridhe,
ung cri-u
The lungs, m.
an sgamhan,
un sganhv'an
The liver, m.
an grudhan,
ung gru'an
The kidneys.
na h-airnean.
nu har'^yun (liq.)
The stomach, c.
an goile.
ung guil'lyu
Blood,/.
full,
fiiil
Flesh,/
feoil,
fíóíl ,
Skin, m.
craicean,
kraich'kyunn
A bone, m.
cnaimh.
kraiv; kraigh
A vein,/
cuisle.
ciish'^lyu (liq.)
Faculties of the
Body.
Ceud-fathan a chuirp.
The sight, m.
am fradharc.
um fru'urq
40
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Smelling, m.
faileadh,
fátl'ugh
Hearing, f.
claisteachd,
kllaish'tyuchq
Taste, m.
bias.
blass
Feeling, m.
mothachadh,
moh'uch-ugh
Health,/
slainte,
sllain'tyu
The constitution,/ a chaileachd,
u cháíl'uchq
Beauty, /
aille,
ai^l'^lyu (liq.)
Ugliness, /
gnaidead.
gráínhd'ud
The voice, m.
an guth,
ung guh
A smile, WÍ.
foghaire,
fó-gháír-u
A laugh, m.
gaire.
gáír-u
Weeping, m.
gal ; gul,
gall; giill
Sorrow, m.
mulad; bron.
miill'at ; bro'n
A sigh,/
osna; asunn,
os'nnu; os'unn
Sleep, w.
cadal; codal,
cat'tull; cot'tull
Pleasure, m.
toileachas,
toil'uch-us
Joy, m.
aoibhneas,
mv'nus
Pain, m.
cradh,
kra'gh
Hunger, m.
acras,
ach'qrus
Thirst, m.
pathadh,
pah'ugh
Diseases of the Body.
Easlaintean a chui
rp.
A disease,/
easlaint
ess'sllai^'nt (liq.)
An illness, m.
tinneas,
ti^n'us (liq.)
A disorder, /.
eucail.
é'q-él
The toothache,
m. an deudiogh,
un déít-ugh
A swoon, m.
neul.
^né'll (liq.)
A fainting,/
[ laigsinn, or
'[ faillinn.
llaik'shi^n (liq.)
f%%n (liq.)
An itching, m.
lachus,
tach'us
Deafness,/
buidhre,
biiir'u
Madness, m.
cuthach,
qu'uch
Rheumatism,/
loini.
llo-ni
A fever, nu
fiabhrus,
fiu'rus
A fitj m.
téum,
tshye'm
41
English.
A shivering,/.
Delirium, yi
Gaelic,
gris ; crith,
baini,
Orthoepy,
gri'sh; crih'
ba'nh-ni
Accidents, Remedies.
Tuiteamais, Leigheis.
tuiteamas,
sgriob,
m. rusgadh,
sniomb,
caisleachadh,
at,
man,
neasgaid,
bruthadh,
fasgadh,
leon,
doclmn.
An accident, m.
A scratch,/.
An excoriation,
A wrest, /w.
A sprain, m.
A swelling, 7n.
A tumour, tn.
A boil,/.
A bruise, w.
A squeeze,»?.
A wound, 7n.
A hurt, m.
A burning, m.
A scar,/. athailt,
A cold, m. cnatan,
A cough, m. casad,
A medicine,/. cungaidh,
A purge,/. burgaid,
A plaster, m. plasd.
Of the Mind.
Mu'n Inntinn.
The soul, m. an t-anum,
Reason, /. tuigse,
Common sense,/, toinnisg.
Understanding, / tursuinn.
Sense, m, ciall,
Thought,/. smuain.
Judgment, m. breathnachadh.
Imagination, m. beachd.
Fancy,/ meanmna,
D 3
tiih'tyum-us,
scri'p
riis'qugh
s^niav (liq.)
cash'^lyuch-ugh(liq
ah't
manh'n
^nysk'eit, (liq.)
brii'ugh
fa's-cugh
^lyo'n (liq.)
doch'unn
llós'cugh
ah'i^lt, (liq.)
kranh'tan
kas'ut
kiing'i
biir'ug-éít
plla'st
un tan'um
tuik'shu
toin'ishk
tiirs'i^n, (liq.)
kyull
smúáín
brén'uch-ugh
béchq
mén'ém-nu
42
English.
Will, /.
Desire, m.
Knowledge, m.
Memory, /.
Recollection, yi
Hope, m.
Fear, m.
Shame, f.
Dread, m.
Grief, m.
Despair,»?.
Terror, y!
Gaelic.
toil,
iarrtus; togradh,
eolas,
meoghair,
cuimhne,
dochus,
eagal,
naire,
uamhas,
bron,
éu-dóchas,
oillt,
tóq'ni
Orthoepy.
toil
lurr'tus
ló'llus
myo'ir
cui'nu
do'chus
eq'ull
nnanh'ryu
iianli'vasa
bró'n
é-dó'chus
ui^l't, (liq.)
Virtues of the Mind.
Subhailcean na h-inntinn.
Virtue, /
Charity, m.
Justice, ni.
Temperance, /.
Modesty,/.
Bashful n ess, /.
Politeness, f)i.
Honesty, m.
Sweetness, ni.
Goodness, w?.
Patience,/
Prudence,/
Industry, ;w.
Honour,/.
Economy, /
Wisdom, m.
Courage, /
Innocence, m.
Generosity, /
Boldness,/
Emulation, /
subhailc.
suh'ailk
oirchios.
oir'i-chyus
ceartas
kyars'tus
stuamachd,
stliam'uchq
malltachd,
manhll'tuchq
uarachd,
nnánh'ruchq
suairceas,
siiuir'kyus
ionracas.
liinh'rru-cus
grinneas,
gri^'us, (liq.)
mathas.
mah'us
foighidinn,
fui'i-di^n, (liq.)
criondachd,
criun'duchq
dicheall.
di'chyull
onoir.
on'ér
caontachd.
ku'n-tuchq
gliocas.
glyuch'cus
misneach,
mish',^nyuch, (liq.)
neochiontas,
5/nvo'chyun-tu8(liq)
féill,
íé'ff\, (liq.)
dánachd.
danhn'uchq
farpais,
farp'ésh
43
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Pity, m.
truas.
trii'ús
Penitence, m.
aithreachas.
air'uch-us
Hardihood, m.
craadal,
criiu'dall
Gratitude,/.
taingealachd,
taing'gyalUuchq
Vices of the
Mind.
Dubhailcean na 1;
i~inntinn.
Vice,/.
dubhailc.
duh'ailk
Avarice, m.
an gionach.
ung gyun'uch
Pride,/
spors; prois.
spor's; pró'sh
Envy, m.
farmad.
far'am-ut
Ignorance, m.
aineolas.
aín'íoll-us
Idleness, m.
diamhanas.
diáVan-us
Gluttony, f.
geocaireachd,
gy<j'chq-ir-échd
Calumny,/
ciil-chainnt,
cuH'chaí^nt, (^liq.
Impudence, m.
ladarnas,
llat'arr-nnus
Cowardice, /
gealtachd,
gyall'tuchq
Cruelty,/ '
cruadalas,
criiá'dall-us
Ambition, /
meud-mhor,
mét vor'
Hatred, m.
fuath,
fiiáh
Anger,/
fearg,
fér'aq
Revenge, m.
diiibhaltas,
díu'ull-tus
Theft,/
meirle,
mé'r-^lyu, (liq.)
Perfidy,/
foill,
fuí^l, (liq.)
A lie,/
bréug.
bré'q
Drunkenness,/
misg.
mishk
Haughtiness, wz*
ardan.
ár'tan
Prodigality, in.
anacaitheamh,
an'a-kaíh'uv
A grudge, m.
diiirn.
diiim
Food and Drink.
Biadh 'us Deoch
Nourishment, '■/
. ])eatha, or teachd- béh'u,
' antir, tyechq-un-ts'iir',
A meal, > m.
Ion bidh,
longadh.
or
líó'n bi'gh,
llóng'gu,
44
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Food, m.
biadh.
biugh
Bread, m.
aran.
ar'an
Oatmeal cake,
aran coirce.
ar'an koir'kyu
Barley bread,
eorna.
lo'r-nnu
Wheat bread,
cruinneachd
, cruin'nyuchq
Rye bread,
seacail.
shyóq'cuí^l(liq
A bit, m.
criman,
krim'an
A slice,/.
snaois,
sunu'sh
Fish, m.
iasg.
ííisq
Flesh,/.
feoil.
fyoll
Boiled meat,/
feoil bhruich.
fyo'il vi-iiich
Roast meat,/
feoil roiste,
fyo'il rro'sh-tyu
Venison,/
sithean,
shih'unn
An egg, m.
ubh,
iigh
Cheese, m.
caise,
ka'shu
Beef,/:
mairt-fheoil.
marsh t'él
Mutton,/
muilt-fheoil,
raiií^lt'él, (liq.)
Lamb, /
uain-fheoil.
iiaín'él
Veal,/
laoigh-fheoil,
lluígh'él
Pork,/
muic-fheoil.
miiichk'el
Goat's flesh,
gaidhr'-fheoil,
gúír'él
Tripe^/.
maodal,
múnh'dll
Ablood pudding w. cretheachan.
cré'uch-an
A stuffed pudding, marag, /1
mar'ak
Minced meat, /
biadh pronn,
biíigh próunn
A haggis,/
taigeis.
taik'esh
Porridge, m.
7lite, or
5brochan,
^lih'tyu, (liq.)
broch'an
Sowins, /
ca'bhrigh.
cáu'rich
Brose, m.
bruthaiste,
brii'ésh-tyu
Meal,/
min,
min
Pease,/
peasair.
pess'ir
Beans,/
ponair,
pó'n-ir
Wine, m.
fion.
fían, or f i'n
Beer, m.
leann,
.^lyeiinn, (liq.)
Black beer, /
beoir,
byoir
Whisky, m.
uisge beatha,
uishliyu béh'u
45
English.
Milk, m.
Cream, w?.
Whey, ?n.
Salt, m.
Spices, m.
Vinegar, m.
Oil,/
Butter, m.
Gravy, m.
Sauce, f.
Cloth, m.
Home made cloth
Clothes,/.
A suit,/
A cap, m.
A hat, /
A coat, f?i.
A vest, /
Trowsers,/
Drawers, /
Hose,
Shoes,
A plaid, m.
A kilt, 712.
A belted plaid,
A belt, m.
A pin, 7n.
A shirt,/
Sleeves,
Gaelic. Orthoepy.
bainne, bai^n'^nyu, (liq.)
ce; ciath, ke; kia
méug, méóq ; mé'q
Seasonings, kc.
Blasrachd, &c.
salun,
spisreadh,
fion géur,
ola,
sugh,
brigh,
Men's Apparel.
Uigheam fhirionach.
sall'unn
spi'sh-rugh
f i'n gye'r
oU'llu
i'm, or imm
siigh
bri
aodach,
u'duch
,m.c\b,
kilo
uigheam,
iii-um
deise,
dyesh'u
currachd,
ciirr'uchq
ad,
att
cota,
cóh'tu
peitag,
peh'tyak,
briogais,
briq'ish
dradhais,
drah'ish
osain,
oss'én
brogan,
bró'q-un
breacan,
brech'kan
feile beag.
fel'u-beq'
breacan an fhéili'
brech'caii un é-li
crios,
kriss
dealg,
dyall'ak
léine,
Í7lé'nu (liq)
muilichinean,
miiirich-i^n-un(liq)
46
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Buttons,
cnaip,
kraihp
A handkerchief,
/ neapacin,
^ne'pi-kin
A watch, yi
uaireadair,
íiáír'ut-ér.
Boots,
botainean.
bó'h-tu^-íun
(liq.)
Spurs,
spuir.
spiiír
Women's Apparel.
Uigheam Bhoireanach.
A petticoat, m.
cota ban,
coh-tu-bá'n
A gown, m.
gun,
gú'nhn
Corsets, m.
cliabhan,
clíu'van
A ribbon, 7n.
stim.
shti'm
A knot, m.
dos.
doss
Tags, tassels.
babagan.
bap'a-gun
Curls,
caisreagan,
cash'ra-gun
Trinkets,
aigleanan.
aik'lén-un
Gloves,
lamhainean.
llánh'i^n-un
(liq.)
A mantle,/.
tonnag.
tón'aq
A matron's cap,/ subag,
sií'p-aq
Of a House.
Mu thigh.
The wall, m.
am balla.
um" ballllu
Buildings, /
treothair,
tryo'ir
A building, /.
aitreamh.
aíht'riv
A beam, /.
sail.
sail
A post, w?.
gobhal,
gó'ull
A side-beam, m
. taobhan.
tuV-an
Side standards.
aitnean.
aiht'nyagn
(liq.)
The roof,/
an druim,
un druim
The roof-tree.
am maide droraa.
um maítsh'u dró-mu
The thatch, ?)}.
an tuthadh,
un tlih'ugh
A door, m.
dorus.
dor'us
A window,/
uineag.
uí^n'aq
(liq.)
A vent,m. '^
luidheir,
líuí'ér
47
English.
Gaelic.
Orth oepy.
A hearth, m.
teintein.
tei^n'tyen (liq.)
The floor, m.
an t-urlar,
un tiir'-llar
A partition,/!
clairidh,
clla'ri
A room, m.
seomar.
shyo'mur
A stair, /
staidhir,
stai'ir
A ladder, m.
faradh,
fa'rugh
House-furniture.
Eamais tighe.
A table, m.
bord.
bo'rt
A chair, /
cathair,
kah'er
A stool, w.
furm,
fiir'um
A chest,/.
ciste,
kish'tyu
A pot,/
poit.
poiht
A pan,/.
aghain.
u'i^n (liq.)
A tub, /.
ciidain ; tuba.
cu't-i^n ; tiip'u (liq.
A beaker or bicker,meadar, m.
mét'tur
A cogue or cog.
/ cuach ; curaan.
cú'uch ; ciim'an
A ladle, m.
ladar ; liadh,
llat'tur ; Uiu^h
A spoon, /.
Spain,
spa'in, or spé'n
A knife, /.
sgian.
skian
A fork, m.
graraaiche,
gra-u'ich'u
A plate, m.
truinnseir,
truinhsh'ér
A cup, m.f.
corn ; cuach.
córnn ; cUuch
A bed,/
leaba,
^lyep'u (liq.)
A bed-cover, m,
. brat.
braht
A blanket,/
plaide,
pUait'u
Sheets,
plaithean lin.
pUaih'un gWn (liq.)
Curtains,
sgailean.
skail'un
A pair of bellows
j^w.balg seididh,
ball'aq she'tshi
of tongs.
m. clodha,
clló'u
of snufifers
,w.smáladair.
smanhll'ut-ér
An oven, /
ámhuin,
ánh'uí^n (1^«)
A pail,/
cuineag.
cuí^n'aq (liq.)
A lamp, m-
crúisgein,
crush 'kyén
A candle,/
coinneal.
cui^n'nyuU (liq»)
48
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A candlestick, m
. coinnleir,
cui'^lyer (liq.)
A looking-glass, m. sgathan,
ska'an
A bottle, f.
searrag,
shyai-'aq
A glass, /
glaine.
Of a Town.
Mu Bhaile.
glíuín'u
A town, m.
baile,
bail'u
A city,/.
caithir.
cah'ir
A church, /.
eaglais,
eq'llmsh
An inn, m.
tigh osda,
tui ó's-tu
A tavern, m.
tigh tairne,
tuí tau-'^nyu (liq.)
A shop, m.
buth.
bii'h
A house, m.
tigli,
tuih
A street, f.
sraid ; straid,
srait ; strait
A passage, m.
rathad.
rrah'ut
A bridge,/.
drochaid,
droch'it
A school-house m
. tigh sgoile.
tuih scoil'u
A school, /
sgoil,
SC0Í1
A college,'/.
ard-sgoil.
árt-scoil
An infirmary, m.
tigh-eiridin.
tuih eu-'it-i^n (liq.)
A court house, 7n
. tigh moid,
tuih molt
Amarket-house,»i
!. tigh margaidh.
tuih mar'ak-i
A bake-house, m.
tigh fuinidh,
tuih fiii^n'i (liq.)
A slaughter house
, tighslachdraidh,w
1. tuih sllachq'ri
A market, m.
margadh,
mar'ak-ugh
The corn-market /w.margadh a ghrain.
, mar'ak-ugh-u-ghrain
The flesh — m.
— na feola,
— nu fyo'll-u
The fish — m.
— an éisg
— un e'shk
The poultry — ?n.
— nan éun,
— nun é'ii
A brew-house, 7?i.
tigh togalach.
tuih tok'all uch
A foundery, /
furnais.
fú'r-nésh
A tanyard,/
lann chairtidh,
llaiinn charst'i
A stable, m.
stabul.
stah'pull
A cart,/
cairt.
karsht
A wheel, m.
rotha,
roh'u
49
Of a Church.
Mu Eaglais.
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
The altar, /.
an altair.
un allt'ir
The pulpit, /
A bell, m.
Thechurchyard,i
A grave, /.
A coffin, f.
a chrannag,
clag,
m.an cladh,
uaigh,
ciste mhairbh.
u chrann'ak
klkq
ung kllugh
uaigh
kish'tyu ver'iv
Ceremonies of the
Church.
Deasghnathan na h-eaglais.
A burial, m.
tiodhlacadh,
tyull'u-cugh
A sermon, f.
searmoin.
shyei-'um-en
The text, m,
A psalm,/
an teagasg,
salm,
un tyeq'usk
sal'ara
A prayer, /.
Singing, /.
A sacrament, /
urnuigh,
seinn,
sacramaid.
úr'ffxú (liq.)
sheii/n (liq-)
sách'cru-méít
Baptism, Q)i.
Marriage, m.
A session, m.
am baisteadh,
posadh,
seisein.
um bash'tyugh
po's-ugh
sheísh'én
A fine, 7n.
umhladh.
únh'llugh
Of Commerce and
Trades.
Mu mharsandachd agus mu chéirdean.
A merchant, in.
iceannaiche, or
1 marsanda,
kyenn'ich-u
mar'sn-du
A shopkeeper, nu fear buth,
fér buh
A trade, ./"
ceaird.
kyairt, or keirt
A printer, m.
clothadear.
klló'h-ut-ér
A dyer, m.
dathadear.
dah'ut-ér
A mason, ?n.
clachair.
kllach'er
A joiner, m.
saor.
su'r
A cooper, ?w.
A smith, 771.
cubair,
gobha,
cú'p-ér
góh'u
50
English.
A baker, m.
A butcher, 7W.
A tanner, w?.
A shoemaker, m,
A tailor, m.
A saddler, m.
A weaver, m.
A maltster, m.
A gardener,
A brewer, m,
A fletcher, m.
A turner, m.
A foxhunter, m.
A mariner, m.
Gaelic.
fuinneadair,
feoladair,
cairtear,
greusaiche,
taillear,
dioliaidear,
figheadair,
brachadair.
grudaire,
leisdear,
tuairnear,
brochdear,
maraiche,
Orthoepy.
fiii^n'ut ér (liq.)
fyó'll-ut-ér
carsht'ér
{grias'ich-u ;
grés'ich-u
táíí/1'ér (liq.)
dyuir ut-ér
fih'ut-ér
brach'ut-ér
gá'r-ut-ér
grúd'i-ru
^lyesh'tyer (liq.
tiíáír'^nyér (liq.
brochq'ér
mar'-ich-u
Implements of Trade.
Buill oibre.
A hammer, m.
ord,
ó'rt
A plane, m.
locair,
llochq'ir
A saw, m.
tuireasg; sabh.
tiiir'usq; sa'v
An adze,y!
tal,
tall
An axe, f.
tuadh,
túágh
An auger, m.
toradh,
torr'u
A vise, m.
graraaiche,
gram'ich-u
A chisel,/.
gilb,
gil'ip
A last, m.
ceap,
kehp
An awl, m.
minidh.
min'i
Pincers, f.
durcais.
diir'cash
A needle, /.
snathad.
snnanh'ut
Scissors, m.
siosar.
shiss'ar
Shears,/
deamhais,
dyeh'ish; ordénh'ish
A loom, •/.
beairt.
bérsht
A shuttle, m.
spal.
spáil
A reed, /.
slinn,
s^li'í/n (liq.)
A spade, vi.
coibe.
cuíp'u
51
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A knife, /.
sgian,
skian
A crow-bar, f.
gearahlag.
gye'nh-lyaq
A wedge, nu
Compasses, in,
A mall, m.
geinn,
gobhal-ruinn,
farachan.
géí^n (liq.)
go'uU rui^n (liq.)
far'a-chan
Rural Affairs.
Nithean duchail,
The country,/.
an duthaich,
un du'ich
A hill, m.
monadh.
mon'ugh
A mountain, f,
A valley, m.
beinn,
srath ; strath.
béí^n (liq.)
srah; strah
A river, /.
amhuin.
aiiVQ (hq.)
A bank,/
bruach.
biTÍách
A field, m.
raon; achadh,
rrú'n ; ach'u
A flock,/.
tréud.
tré't
Black cattle, m.
crodh.
a-óh
Sheep,
caoirich.
cu'rich
Groats,
A cot, m.
gabhair,
bothan.
gó'ir
boh'an
A fold,
A fank, m.
cro ; m. mainnir,/. cro; maing'gir
fanng, fang'q
Wood,/
coille,
cui^r^lyu (liq.)
Heath, m.
fraoch.
fru'ch
Grass, m.
féur,
Agriculture.
Tuathanas.
fé'r; fé'r; fíar
Peasantry,/.
tuath.
tiiá
A farm, f.
A lease, /
gabhail,
aonta,
gah'él
ú'n-tu
Cattle,/
féudail,
fé'dail
A horse, m.
each,
éch (ch as in loch)
An ox, m.
damb.
dav; dáiinh
A plough, m,
A furrow, /
crann, S^'^''^
clais, -V ... ^.,
',^ráiinn
, Ílash
52
English. Gaelic
A yoke, /. cuinng,
A withe, m. gad,
A chain, f. slabhruidh,
A halter, m. taod,
Manure, />'. mathach,
Ploughing, m. treabhadb,
A harrow,/. cliath,
A ditch, /. stanng,
A trench, /. dig,
Land, w, fearann,
Ground, m. talamh,
Lime, m. aol.
Clay,/. ere; criadh,
Wreck,sea-weed,/ feamuin,
Cast-ware, m.
A dung-hill, m.
A garden, m.
A rake, m.
A dibble, /
Reaping, /
A sickle, m.
A scythe,
A sheaf, /.
A shock,/.
A hay-cock, m.
A stack, /
Grain, m.
A barn, m.
Stubble, /
Chaff,?;?.
Crop, m.
Straw, m.
rod,
diin,
lios,
rasdal; rachdan,
pleadhag,
buain,
corran,
speal;/ fal, m.
sguab,
adag,
turadan,
cruach,
siol,
sabhul,
fasbhuain,
moll,
barr,
fodar.
Astraworhayrope,siaman, m.
A flail, m. buailten,
Orthoepy,
ciiing'k, or ciii
gatt
sllau'ri
tu't
mah'uch
tryo'ugh
clia
stang'q
dl'k
féi-'unn
tall'uv
ii'll
ere,- cria
fém'i^n (liq.)
no't
du'n
^liss (liq.) ^
rá's-tuU; rá'ch-can
pleh'ak
biiáín
corr'rran
spvéll; fall
scliáp
at'ak
tiirr'ut-an
criiach
shiull
sáú'-ull
fass'i^n (liq.)
móiill
bá'rr
fot'tur
shía'man
biiaii^l'tyen (liq.)
53
Fruits.
Measan.
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
An apple, 7n,
ubhal,
li'ull
A pear, m.
peur.
pe'rr
A cherry,/.
siris,
shir'ish
Geans, m.
gingis, _
ging'g-isl)
Plums, m.
plurabais,
pllu'm-bish
Strawberries, m,
. suth lair,
suh-lláír'
Gooseberries, f.
groiseadain,
gró'sh-éít-uu
Berries (in gener
al) dearcan, f.
dyark'un
A whortleberry,/, braoileag.
bruil'ak
Raspberries,/.
suitheagan,
sui'ak-un
Brambleberries,
/ smeuran.
sme'run; smia'run
Hips,/
mucagan,
miichk'aq-un
Haws, J .
sgeachagan,
skyech'aq-un
Sloes, /.
airneagan,
ar'^nyak'un (liq-)
Service berries.
' j- caoran,
cu'rr-unn
(rowans) m.
Vegetables
Lusan.
Greens, m.
cal gorm,
call gor'um
Cabbage, 97i.
cal ceairtleach.
i call kersh'ij'Iyuch
j (Hq.)
A turnip,/
nep,
^nyehp (liq.)
A carrot, m.
curran,
ciirr'rran
Potatoes, m.
buntata,
biin-tah'tu
Wild Plants.
Luibhean fiadhaich.
Nettles, /
deanntag,
dyeiin n'tak
Hemlock, /
iteotha.
i-tyo'u
Dock, /
copag.
cohp'ak
Sorrel, /
sealbhag,
sliyall'u-vak
Bugloss, m.
am boo-lus.
um bok'-lluss
Chicken-weed, m. fliodb,
fliugh
E 3
54
English.
GaeUc.
Orthoepy.
Moss, /.
coineach,
coíí/n'uch (liq.)
Fern, m.
rain each.
rrain'uch
Lichen, 7iu
cnotul,
Trees.
Craobhan.
cronh'tuU
A tree, /.
craobb,
cruV
An ash tree, /
uinnsinn.
— uinh'shi^n(Iiq)
A fir tree, f.
ghiubhais.
— yiii'ish
An ehn tree,/.
leamhain,
— ^lvév'én (liq.)
A willow tree,yi
sheihch,
-^hel'ich
A service tree, f.
chaoirinn.
— chiVr-i^n (liq.)
A thorn tree,/
sgithich,
— skih'ich
An aspen tree,/
chrithinn.
— chrih'i^n (liq.)
A yew tree, /.
iubhair,
— ííi'ir
A vine tree, m.
fionan,
fi'n-an; fian'an
The bark, /
cairt,
carsht
A branch, /
geug.
gye'q, gyaq
The root, m.
am bun.
um biihii
The top, m.
am bar,
urn ba'rr
The roots, m.
am freurah.
Vegetation.
Fas.
um frenhv
The sap, 7n.
an snothach,
f un snnonh'uci), or
{ sno'uch
Blossom, ))}.
blath,
bllá'b
A leaf,/:
duilleag.
dm^l'ak (liq.)
Foliage, ?)i.
duilleach,
dlii^l'mch (liq.)
A shoot, 771, ^
meangan,
meng'gan
A twig, ;1
bunnsag,
bunh'sak
A sapling, wj.
ogan,
ó'can
The pitch, ;;/.
an glaodhan,
ung gllu'gh-an
Rosin, /
bklh
hi
The seed, f.
an fhras.
un rass
The kernel, f.
an eitne.
un e'ht-nu
A bud,/
gucag,
giich'cak
55
Metals.
Meatailtean.
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Gold, m.
or.
ó'rr
Silver, m.
airget,
ei-'ek-ut
Iron, m.
iarunn.
iíírr'unn
Pewter, m.
feodar; fleodar
fyo'tur; flyo'tur
Lead, f.
luaidhe,
lliiu'i
Tin, /.
stain,
Astronomy.
Réull-eolas.
stáínhn
The sky, f.
an speur,
un spé'rr
The east,/.
an ear.
un gwyhv (liq.)
The west, f.
an iar.
un ^nyar (Hq.)
The north,/.
an airde tuadh.
un air'tyu tiia
The south,/.
an airde deas.
un air'tyu dyess
A star, /
runnag; réul
rriinn'ak; rré'll
The sun, .
a ghrian.
u ghrian
The moon, /.
a ghealach.
u yiall'uch
The pleiades, m.
an grioglachan
ung griq'lluch-an
Charles's wain, m. an crann,
ung craiinn
The aurora borealis,na fir chlis.
na fir-chlish'
An eclipse, m.
duabhar,
diia'ur
A meteor, /.
caoir.
Geography.
Cruinneolas.
cúír
The globe, m.
an cruinne,
vng cvmyn'w (liq.)
A continent, m.
tir mor.
tshir-mor
Asia,/
an Aisi,
un a'shi
Afri ca, /
an Afric,
un a'frik
America, m.
America,
a-mer'i-cah
Europe, f.
an roinn eorpa,
un \'\i\gw íór'pu
An empire, /.
impireachd.
i'm-pir-uchk
A kingdom,/
righeachd.
rri'uchk
56
Of Music.
Mu Cheol.
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy. -
Music, m.
ceol,
kyo'll
Melody, m.
binneas.
bi^n'us (liq.)
A tune, m.
port.
porst
An air or melody, fonn; m. séis,f.
fóiinn; shé'sh
A song, m.
oran,
ó'ran
A note, m.
ponng,
póiing
Tune ,teraperament,gleu8, m.
iglé'ss
A shake, m.
gearradh,
gyarr'ugh
Taste, m.
bias,
bllass
Execution, /.
fileantachd.
fil'ann-tuchq
A performer, ?/?.
fear ciuil.
fér kyuil
Musical Instruments.
Abhaidhean Ciuil.
A harp,/.
clarsach,
cllá'r-such
A pipe, /.
piob.
pi'p
A bagpipe,/.
piob mhor,
pip-vor'
The chanter, m.
am feadan.
um fet^tan
The reed, /
an rifeid,
rrif'éít
The large drone, ?w
. an dos mor,
un doss mor
The less drones, m
. na duis bheaga.
nu dlish vec'cu
A drone reed, tn.
goth,
goh
The mouth piece,
an gaothaire, m,
ung gú'h-ir-u
The valve, m.
an siunnach,
un shíiinn'uch
The bag, w?.
am mala.
um mánh'llu
A violin, fy
fidheall,
fi'ull
A string, /,
teud.
tshé't
A peg, m.
cnagan,
crak'an
A jews harp, /.
trorab,
tróiim
A flageolet,/.
fideag.
fi'tyak
A whistle, /
feadag,
Of the Earth,
Mu n Talamh.
fet'tak
An island,
eilen ; m. i /.
eil'én; i
57
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A promontory
, rughd.
nii'u
A cape,/
maol.
mu'll
An isthmus, m.
tairbeart,
téi-'up-arst
A desert,/.
fasach.
fá's-uch
A rock, (on land)/ creag,
kreq
A rock, (in the í
5ea)sgeir, /
skeir
A road, m.
rathad.
rrah'ut
Of the Water.
Mu n uisge.
The ocean, m.
an cuan.
ung ciian
The sea, /
a mhuir,
u viiir
An arm of the sea, loch, m.
lloch
A bay, m.
camus; oban,
kam'us o'p-an
A creek, 7n.
sailen.
sail- en
The tide, m.
•pan seol mara,
ian sruth.
un shyo'll mar'u
un srlih
A lake, m.
loch uisge.
lloch uish'kyu
A current, m.
sruth,
sriih
A brook, w^.
allt.
aiillt
A pond, m.
lochan,
lloch'an
A fountain, /
mathair uisge.
mánh'ér uish'kyu
A marsh,/
boglach.
bok'lluch
A quagmire,/
suil chritheach,
suil chrih'uch
A spring, m.
fuaran.
Of the Fire.
Mu n teine.
fiiar'an
A kindling, m.
fadadh.
fat'agh
Flame, /
lasair.
llass'ir
Smoke, /
smiiid,
smúítsh
A blaze, m.
dreos.
dryo'ss
A spark, /
srad.
srat
Heat, m.
teas.
tvess
A burning coal,
/ éubhal,
é'ull
A brand, /
aithinn,
á'i^n, (liq.)
Firewood, m.
connadh,
conn'ugh
58
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Coals, ;w.
gual,
guuU
Peats,/
moine.
móín'u
Wood, m.
fiodh,
figh, (gh broad.)
A fire, m.
gealbhan.
gjaH'a-van
Soot, /
suidh.
8U1
Ashes,/.
luatha.
Wild Animalí
lluíí'u
Beathaichean fiata.
A lion, m.
leomhan,
^lyo'un, (liq.)
A bear, m.
mathan.
manh'un.
A wolf, m.
madadh alluidh.
mat'ugh all'i
A wild boar, m.
tore ninihe.
tork ^nih'u, (liq.)
A fox, ni.
sionuach.
shiunn'uch
A pole cat,/.
neas.
^niss, (liq.)
A badger, m.
brochd.
brochq
A deer, m.
fiadh.
fíúgh
A stag, 7w.
damh.
dav, or daii
A hind, /
eilid.
el'it
A roe, /
earba.
ér'up-u
A hare, /
gearr,
gyerr
A squirrel,/.
feorag.
Tame Animals
fyo'r-ak
Beathaichean Callda.
A horse, m.
each.
éch
A foal, m.
searrach.
shyerr'uch
A cow.
bo ; / mart, m.
bo; marst
A calf, m.
laogh.
llu'gh
A bull, w.
tarbh.
tar'av, or tar'ii
An ox, m.
damh,
dav, or daii
A dog, m.
Cll,
cu
A sheep,/
caora.
cii'ru
A lamb,/
uan.
vian
59
Wild Birds.
Eoin fhiadbaich,
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
An eagle,/.
iolair; firein.
iuU'ir; fi'ryen
A hawk, f.
( seobhag,
J' speirag,
shyoh'uk
sper'ak
A glede, m.
clamhan.
kllav'an; kllara'an
A partridge,/.
péurtag,
peurs'tak
A plover, /
feadag.
fet'tak
A moor hen, /
cearc f hraoich,
kyark rrúích
A black cock, m, coileach dubh,
cuil'uch diih
A wild duck,/.
lach.
Uach
A solan goose, m. sulaire.
sii'11-ir-u
A gull,/
faoilean.
fúírunn
A tern, m.
stearnain,
stye'rr-^nyen, (liq.)
A swan, /.
eala,
éU'u
A cuckoo, /
cuag; cuach,
cii-aq; ciiiich
A thrush,/
sraeorach,
smyo'ruch
A black bird, »/
. Ion dubh.
lion diih
A lark,/
uiseag,
Tame Birds.
Eoin shoirbh.
iish'ak
A cock, m.
coileach,
cuil'uch
A hen,/
cearc,
kyark
A chicken,/
eireag,
eir'ak
A goose, m.
geadh; giadh,
gye'gh; giagh
A gander, m.
gannradh.
ganh'rra
A gosling, m.
isean,
ish'én
A duck, /
tunnag,
tiinn'ak
A pigeon, in.
caiman.
Sea Fishes.
lasg Saile.
call'a-man
A whale, /
muc mhara,
miichk var'u
A pelloch, m.
canach,
can'uch
A cod, m.
trosg,
trosq
A ling,/
langa,
llang'gu
60
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A gurnet, m.
cnodan.
cronh'tan
A skate, m.
sorn,
só'rnn
A flounder, /.
leobag,
^lvó'b-ak, (liq.)
A haddock, y.
adag.
at'ak
A lithe, /
liiibh.
^lyQ, (liq.)
A dog-fish,/.
gobag,
gop'ak
A herring, m.
sgadan.
scat'tan
A seath,/.
cudain.
ciit'i^n, (iiq.)
A lobster, m.
giumach.
Shell Fish.
Maorach.
gyiim' uch
An oyster,/.
eisir,
esh'ir
A mussel, w.
fiasgan,
fíás'can
A periwinkle,/
faochag.
fu'ch-ak
A cockle,/
coilleag,
CUÍÍ/1' glfoky (liq.
A lampit, m.
bairneach,
baii-'^nyuch, (liq.
Spout-fish, 7u.
musgain.
mú'sk-én
Razor-fish, ?«.
mursgin,
miirs'ki^n, (liq.)
Fresh Water Fishes.
lasg uisge.
A trout, m.
breachd; breac,
bréchq
A pike, 7)1.
geadas,
gyet'tus
A par^, 7W.
bricen,
brich'ken
An eel, /
easgun,
ess'cunn
A salmon, w.
bradan,
brat'tan
A grilse, /
banag,
Reptiles.
Biasdan snagach
banhn'ak
A sei-pent,/
nathair,
nnanh'ir
A toad, /
maol mhagain,
mu'll vánhq'én
A frog,/.
1 craigean, m.
j losgan.
kra'kyen
llós'qunn
A leech,/
deal a,
dyall'u
A snail, /
seilcheag,
shel'ich-ak
61
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
A caterpillar,
) burus, m,
J buruis, /
biirr'us
biir'ish
An earth-worni;
, biadhinn,
bíu'iúTi (liq.)
A slug,/.
luguis.
Insects.
Peisteagan.
lluk'ish
A moth, /.
leomunn,
<7lyo'm-uun
A louse, /.
miol.
miall
A flea,/.
deargan.
dyar'uq-unn
A spider, m.
damhan alluidh.
danhv'an all'i
A grasshopper,
m. fionan feoir,
fyu^-an fyo'ir
A fly,/ ■
cuilag,
ciiil'aq
A butterfly, m.
dearabadan dé
dyai-'a-bu- dan jé
A bee, m.
seillein,
shye^l'ien (liq.)
A wasp, /.
speach,
spéch (ch broad)
Northern States of
' Europe.
Duchanan tualh na h
-Eorpa.
Russia,/.
Rusia,
riish'shi-a
Sweden, /.
an t-Suain,
un tiiain
Denmark,/.
Lochluin,
lloch'llui^n (liq.)
Prussia, /.
Prusia,
prush'-shi-a
Holland, /.
an Olaind,
un ó'11-aínt
England, /.
Sasgunn,
sass'unn
Scotland, /.
Ireland, /.
Albinn,
all'up-i^n (iiq.)
Eirinn,
é'ír-ií/n (liq.)
Southern States op
Europe.
Duchanan deas na h-
Eorpa.
France, /.
an Fhraing,
un rraingk
Germany,/.
a Ghearmailt,
u yier'am ég\t (iiq.)
Turkey, /.
an Tuirc,
un tiiirk
Italy,/
an Eadailt,
un ett'aillt
Spain, /.
an Spain nt,
un spáính't
Greece, /.
a Ghréig,
F
u ghre'k
62
English.
London, m.
Edinburgh, m,
Dublin, 711,
Rome,/.
Gaelic. Orthoepy.
Towns in Europe.
Bailtean 's an roinn Eorpa.
Lunnuinn, lunn'i^
Dun-eidinn,
Bail o Cliai-,
an Roimh,
(liq.)
diin-étsh'un (liq.)
bail-0-cliúr
un rónh'i
National Names.
Ainmean Tireil.
A European, m. *E6rpach,
A Russian, m. Ruiseanach,
A Swede, m. Suaineach,
A Dane, m. Lochluinneach,
An Englishman, w.Sassunach,
A Scotchman, m. Albanach,
An Irishman, m. Earunnuch,
A Dutchman, m. Duitseach,
A German, m.
A Frenchman, m.
A Spaniard, m.
An Italian, m.
A Greek, m.
A Turk, w.
A Jew, w.
An Egyptian, m.
An American, in.
An Indian, w.
Gearmailteach,
Frangach,
Spainteach,
Edailteach,
Gréugach,
Turcach,
Judhach,
Eiphideach,
Americanach,
Innseanach,
lor'puch
rriish'én-uch
sliain'uch
lloch'Uuinn-uch
sass'unn-uch
all'up-unn-uch
err'-unn-uch
duit'shyuch
. , . , «'',1)
gyar am-eí7l-tyuch
frang'guch
spai^n'tyuch (liq.)
ett'ai^l'tyuch (liq.)
gré'q-uch
tiirk'uch
íú'uch
é'fit-uch
a-mer'i-can-uch
inh'-shyen-uch
* The feminine of these names is formed by prefixing the
wold bann (female) to each of them ; thus bann Eorpach, a
female European, &c.
63
English.
A king, m.
An emperor, m.
A prince, m,
A duke, w.
A marquis, m.
An earl, m.
A knight, m.
A baron, m.
The pope,
Gaelic. Orthoepy.
Hereditary Titles.
Ainmean oighreil.
righ; riogh, rri,
impire, im'-pir-u
priunnsa, priunh-su
(liuc, díúchq
marcus, mar'- cuss
iarla, iiir'llu
ridire, mtsh'ir-u
baran, bar '-an
Miscellaneous Titles.
Ainmean eugsamhuil.
um pah^pu
art ess'pik
I'pik
am papa,
An archbishop, m. ard easbuig,
A bishop, m, easbuig,
A priest, m, eagart,
A preacher, m. searmoiniche,
A catechist, ,m ceistear,
A judge, m. breitheamh,
A writer, m, sgiibheadair,
A notary, m. notair,
A sheriff, m. siorram,
A messenger, m.
A bailie, m.
An inch, /.
A span,/.
A foot, m.
A yard, /.
A mile, m.
A quarter of a yard,cárt, m,
A fathom, m, aitheamh,
f2
raaor,
bailidh, 1
Of Measures.
Mu Thomhaisean.
óirleach,
réis,
troidh,
slat,
mile,
saq'urst
shyar'am-en-ich-u
kyesht'er
breh'uv
scri'ut-ér
nonh'tér
shíun-'am
mú'r
bá'^li (Hq.)
or'^lyuch
rré'sh
truí
sllaht
mi'lu
cárst
alnh'uv
(liq.)
64
English.
An ounce, m.
A quarter, m.
A pound, m.
A stone, y^
A ton, m.
Of Weights.
Mu chothroman.
Gaelic,
unnsa,
cairteal,
punnd,
clach,
tunna,
Orthoepy,
iinh'su
karsh'tshyall
pii'nt
kllach
tiinn'u
A glass, f.
A gill, w?.
A mutch kin, m.
A pint, m.
A chopin, m.
A gallon, m.
A cask, m.
A barrel, m.
A hogshead, f.
Liquid Measures.
Cuiraseirean dibhe.
glluin'u
glome,
siola,
bodach.
shyull
bot'uch
pi'nt
shehp'én
gall 'an
biilt'yall
tiinn'u
tóq'étsh
pmnt,
seipein,
galan,
buideal,
tunna,
togsaid,
Of Coins.
Mu chuineadh.
feorling,
bonn se,
sgilling,
se sgilling,
j tastan,
\ sgilling 8ha8sunach,ski^rií7n
crún, crú'n
^lech'riin
gin'i
fyo'r-^ling (liq.>
bóúnn-u shé,or8hía
ski^iyn (liq.)
sé ski^l'i^n (liq.)
tass'tan.
A farthing, m.
A halfpenny, m.
A penny,/.
Sixpence,/.
A shilling, ?n.
A crown, m.
A half crown, m. leth chrun
A guinea, m. gini
A half guinea, m, leth ghini, ^leh yin'i
A pound, m. punnd sassunach, piinnt sass'unn-nch
Of Names of Men.
Mu ainmeau fhirionach.
Allan, Ailein, aíl'én
[uch
hass'unn-
(liq.)
(liq.)
65
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy.
Allastair,
all'us-tir
Anndra,
áúnn'dra
Aonghas,
un'u-us
Gilleasbiiig,
gi^l-ess'pik
(liq.)
Art,
arst
Tearlach,
tyar'lluch
Caileiu,
cail'én
Donull,
dónh-null
Eobhan,
lo'un
Frangan,
frang'can
Deorsa; Seorus,
dyoi-'su; shyo'rus
Gileabart,
gil'u-barst
Eachunn,
éch'unn (ch broad)
Eanruig,
enh'rrik
Uistein,
úsh'tshén
Séumas,
shé'mus
Iain, Eoin,
i-én; íóín
Coinneach,
cui^n'yuch
(liq.)
Ludhais,
llii'ésli
Galium,
call'um
Martin,
márs'ti^n
(liq.)
Micheii,
mi'chél
Murchadh,
miir'uch-u
Nial,
^níall
(iiq.)
Tormaid,
tor'om-étsh
Pal,
páll
Rob,
rop
Somhairle,
sonh'ur-^lyu
(liq.)
Tomas,
to'mass
Names of Women.
Ainmean Bhoireanach,
Anna,
ann'u
Beatarais,
beh'turr-ésh
Caristiona,
car'ish-tián-u
Ealasaid,
éll'us-étsh
66
English.
Gaelic.
Orthoepy*
Euphemia,
Aoirig,
ui'i-ik
Grissel,
Gaorsal,
gur'sall
Helen,
Eilidh,
el'i
Jane,
Sine,
shi'nu
Janet,
Seonaid,
shyo'n-etsh
Isabella,
Iseabal,
ish'u-ball
Katherine,
Catriona,
ka-trian-u
Lucy,
Liu si.
lyu'si
Margaret,
Mairireid,
méi-'ir-étsh
Mary,
Mairi,
mánh'ri ,• mé'ri
Rachel,
Raodhailt,
ru'i^lt (liq.)
Rebecca,
Beathag,
beh'ak
Sybilla,
Sibili,
ship'i-li
Susan,
Siusaidh,
shyii'si
NUMBER.
Aireamh.
Literal Translation,
1 a h-aon,
u hu'n
a 1
2 a (Iha,
ugha
a 2 (integrally)
3 a tri,
u tri
a 3
i a ceithir.
u keh'ir
a 4
5 a coig.
u coik
a 5
6 a se, or &ia,
u she, or shia
a 6
7 a seachd,
u shéchq
a 7
8 a h-ochd
u hochq
an 8
9 a naoidh,
u nui
a 9
] 0 a deich.
u dyech
a 10 "
11 a h-aon déug,
u hu'n dye'q
an 11 "
12 a dha dhéug.
u gha yie'q
a 2 and 10 "
13 a tri déug.
u tri dye'q
a 3 and 10 "
14 a ceithir déug,
u kehlr dye'q
a 4 and 10 "
15 a coig déug,
u coik dye'q
a 3 and 10 "
16 a se, or sia deug, u she, or shia dye'qa 6 and 10 "
17 a seachd deug
, u shéchq dye'q
a 7 and 10 "
18 a h-ochd deug.
u hochq dye'q
an 8 and 10 "
67
Orth.
Lit. tran.
19 a naoidh deug, u nui dye'q a
9 and 10 "
20 a fie head, u fich'ut a
20 "
21 a h-aon tharfhic- , * , • u, .
, , u nun har ich'ut a
1 over 20 "
22 a dha, &c. u gha, &c. a
2 &c. "
30 a deich, &c. u dyech, &c. a
10 over, &c.
31a h-aon deug, &c. u hu'n dye'q, &c. an
11 over 20, &c.
40 da fhichead, da ich'ut
2 twenties
60 tri, &c.
3 &c.
100 céud, kye't, or kiut
a 100
200 dachéud, da chyet
2 hundreds
300 tri, &c.
3 &c.
1000 mile, mi'lu
a 1000
2000 da mhile, da vi'lu
2 thousands
3000 tri, &c.
3 &c.
1000090 muillein, mii^l-ién (liq.)
a million
da mhuillein, da vii^l'íén (liq*)
2 millions
tri, &c.
3 &c.
No higher denomination than million i
is used.
Ordinal Numbers.
Orth.
The 1st an céud, ung kye't
" 2d an dara, un dar'u
" 3d an treas, un tress
" 4th an ceathramh, ung kyer'uv
" 5th an coigeamh, ung coik'uv
" 6th an seathamh, un she'uv, or shia'uv
" 7th an seachdamh, un shéchq'uv
" 8th an t-ochdamh, un tochq' uv
" 9th an naoidheamh, un nui'uv
" 10th an deicheamh, un dyech'uv
20th
11th an t-aon fhear deug, un tu'n ér dye'q
12th an dara fear deug, un dai''u fér dye'q
13th an treas, fear &c. un tress fér dye'q, &c.
' am ficheadamh, w. um fich'ut-uv
an f hicheadarah,/. un ich' ut-uv
68
The 21st, an céud fheai'*thar fhichead — ung kye't éihar
ich'ut — the 1st one over 20 ; an ceud téf tharf hichead
— ung kye't tshe har ich'ut.
I»
22d an dara fear
an dara té,
23d an treas fear,
an treas té, &c.
31 an t-aon fliear déug
an taon té déug
32 an dara fear déug
an dara té déug
33 an treas fear déug
an treas te déug
&c.
40th an da fhicheadamh,
60th an tri ficheadamh,
80th an ceithir &c.
100th an coig, 8cc.
100th an céudarah,
200th an da chéudamh.
un dara fér har ich'ut
. ^ « tshe &c.
■5 !Í un tress fér &c.
^ tshe 8cc.
an tu'n ér dye'q &c.
tshe dié'q &c.
un dar'u fér dye'q &c.
tshe díé'q &c.
un tress fér dye'q &c.
tshe dye'q
&c.
un da ich'ut-uv
un tri ficli'ut-uv
un keh'ir &c.
ung coik 8cc.
ung kye't-uv
un da chye't-uv
300th an treas ceudamh, &c. un tress kye't-uv
1000th am mile, um mi'l-u
2000th an dara mile un dai-'u mi'l-u
3000th an treas mile, &c. un tress mi'lu
Adverbial Numbers.
lly 's a cheud aite, su chye't a'tshu
2dly 's an dai-a h-aite, sun dar'u ha'tshu
3dly 's an treas aite, sun tress a'tshu
4thly 's a cheathi-aroh aite, su chyer'uv a'tshu
5thly 's &c.
Multiplicative Numbers.
In the
1st place
2d
3d
4th
5th &c.
once,
twice.
aon uair,
da uair,
u n uair,
da iiáír,
one time
two times
* Fear, one; mas. -f te, one ; fern.
69
thrice, tri uairean, tri iiáir'un, three, Stc.
four times, ceithir uairean, keh'ir iiáír'un, four, &c.
five, &c. coig, &c. coik, &c. five, &c.
Personal Pronouns.
Simple.
Sing. Orth. Plur. Orth.
I — mi, mi^ we, — sinn, shi^, (liq-)
thou, — tUjthu, tii, Ú, you, — sibh, shi'v
she^i r they,— iad, iat, or et
Emphatic.
Sing. Plur.
I — mise, mish'u, we, — sinne, shi^n'u (liq.)
thou, — tusa, thusa, tiis'u, iis'u, you, — sibhse, shi'shu
he, — esan, ess'un, ^, .1 .^^,
1 . ' • 1/ they, — ladsan, latsun
she, — ise ish'u, •^'
Compound.
I myself, — mi-féin, mise féin, &c. add féin, self, to
tu, thu-fein, thusa féin each of the above.
e-féin esan fein
i-féin, ise fein
Possessive Pronouns.
Sing, and Plur. Orthoepy.
my,
thy,
his, its.
mo,
do,
a,
mu
du
u
her, its,
a,
u
our,
ar,
er
your,
'ur, bhur.
er
their,
an, am,
un, um
Relative Pronouns.
Sing, and
who,
which, that.
Plur.
a»
an, am.
Orthoepy,
u
un, um
' These pronouns are all of the com. gender.
70
Interrogative Pronouns.
who ? CO, CO
what ? ciod, créud, cut, cré't
what ? 'dé, dye
which, m. CO e, có-é
which, yi CO i, có-i
The neuter verb bi, to be.
The root of a Gaelic verb is the 2d pers. sing, iinper.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Pres. Tense.
Pers. Orthoepy.
^•«^"°-ibi thusa,
3d bitheadh e,
bi,
bi iis'u,
bi'ugh e,
-; T^'
biu'mit,
bi-iv,
bi-ugh iat,
be
be thou
let him be
Ist plur. bitheamaid,
2d bithibh,
3d bitheadh iad,
let us be
be you
let them be.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense, (affirmatively.)
Singular. Plural.
I, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3.
mi, thu, e, i, sinn, sibh, iad
verb *Tha, I am.
orthoepy, ha.
Present Tense, (interrogatively.)
Singular. Plural.
1, 2, 3, I, 2,
mi, thu, e, i, sinn, sibh,
verb, am Beil ? Am I ?
orth. um bel'.
3.
iad
* Tha is repeated before each of the personal pronouns.
71
Present Tense, (negatively.)
Singular. Plural,
mi, tbu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, cha-n Eil, I am not.
orth. clian lel'.
Past Tense, (aflSrmatively.)
Singular. Plural,
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibb, iad
verb, Bha, I was, I have been,
orth. va.
Past Tense, (interrogatively.)
Singular. Plural,
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, an Robh? Was I? have I been?
orth. un róh'.
Past Tense, (negatively.)
Singular. Plural.
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, cha Robh, I was not, I have not been,
orth. cha róh'.
Future Tense, (affinnatively.)
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, Bithidh, I shall or will be.
orth. bi-i.
Future Tense, (inten-ogatively.)
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, am Bi? Shall or will I be?
orth. urn bi.
Future Tense, (negatively.)
Singular. Plural,
mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad
verb, cha Bhi, I shall or will not be.
orth. cha vi.
72
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD *
Past Tense (affirmatively.)
Orthoepy.
Sing. 1. Bhithinn, vi-i^n, I could or would be
?. Bhitheadh tu, vi-u tu,
3. Bhitheadh e, vi-ugh e,
i i
p, . Í Bhitheadh sinn, vi-u shi^n,
I Bhitheadhmaid, vi-u-mitsh,
2. Bhitheadh sibh, vi-u-shiv,
3. Bhitheadh iad, vi-ugh iat,
Past Tense (interrogatively.)
Sing.l.am Bithinn, um bi-i^, Could or would I be?
2. am Bitheadh tu, um bi-u tii,
3, am bitheadh e, um bi-ugh e,
p, , Cam Bitheadh sinn, um bi-u shi^,
cam Bitheamaid, um bi-u-mitsh,
2. am Bitheadh sibh, um bi-u shiv,
3. am Bitheadh iad, um bi-ugh iat,
Past Tense (negatively.)
Sing.l. cha Bhithinn, chavi-i^n, I could or would not be
2. cha Bhitheadh tu, cha vi-u tu,
3. cha Bhitheadh e cha vi-ugh é
p. , r cha Bhitheadh sinn, cha vi-u shipn,
I cha Bhtheamaid, cha vi-u-mitsh,
2.chaBhtheadhsibh, cha vi-u shiv,
3. cha Bhitheadh iad, cha vi-ugh iat,
* This tense admits of various conjunctions before it, which
materially affect its signification ; thus,
nam bithinn, If I were, If I had been, &c.
ged bhithinn, Though I were, though I should be, &c.
nach bithinn, That I would or could not be,
gum bithinn. That I would be, that I were.
mur bithinn, Were I not, had I not been
73
Sing. I ma
Future Tense (cond
0
Bhitheas mi, mu
litionally.)
rthoepy.
vi-us mi, If I be.
2. ms
I Bhitheas tu, mu
vi-us tii,
ma
3. —
Plur. 1. ma
Bhitheas e, mu
vi-us e,
bhitheas sinn, mu
vi-us shinn.
2. ma
bhitheas sibh, mu
vi-us shiv.
3. ma
bhitheas iad, mu vi-us iat.
INFINITIVE MOOD-
a bhi,
u vih.
to be
do bhi,
do vih.
to be
\e bhi,
levih.
by being
ri bhi,
gun bhi,
seach a bhi,
ri vib,
gun vih,
shyech u vih.
to be; by being
without being
rather than be
ach a bhi.
ach u vih,
only to be [to be
los a bhi.
lies u vih.
about to be; going
gus a bhi,
gu bhi,
giiss u vih,
gu vih,
going to be; to be
to be ; for being
&c.
Participles,
Past.
iar bhith,
er vih.
being; having been
an deigh bhith, un jei vih.
f after being ; after
'( having been
PHRASEOLOGY.
The Articles.
a, an, am, the.
A is used before feminine nouns beginning with b, c, g,
ra, p ; and requires these letters to be aspirated.
* Ged bhitheas mi, &c. Though I be, &c.
Mar bhitheas mi, &c. How I may be ; as I shall be
how I shall be.
G
T4
The Articles.
Examples.
Orthoepy.
A bhean;
u vén,
The woman
A bhriogais,
u viiq'ish,
The trowsers
A bhoid,
u votsh,
The vow
A bbanag,
u vanhn'ak.
The grilse
A bbainis,
u van'ish,
The wedding
A chaile.
u cbai^l'm,
The lass
A chaile,
u chailk,
The chalk
A ch reach,
u chiéch,
The spoil
A chlais,
u chllasb,
The furrow
A ghaoth,
ughu.
The wind
A ghlaine,
u ghlluin'u,
The glass
A gblas,
u ghllass,
The lock
A ghaoid,
u ghusht,
The flaw
A ghrian,
u ghrian,
The sun
A gbeug,
u ghye'q,
The branch
A mhuir,
u viiir,
The sea
A mharag,
u var'ak,
The pudding
A mhuc,
u viichq,
The sow
A mhin,
u vin,
The meal
A phog,
u hó'q,
The kiss
A phrat,
u fraht,
The trick
A phiseag,
u fish'ak,
The kitten
A phutag,
u f iib'tak,
The thole pin
An is used before mas. nouns
beginning with a, c,
d, e, g, i, 0, r, s,
t, u ; and before feminine nouns begin-
ning with a, d, fj
, i, 1, 0, n, r, 8, t, u
Examples.
An ad,/.
un att,
The hat
An cuan, m.
ung cíián,
The ocean
An dag, m.
un dak,
The pistol
An eibhleag,/.
un le'lyak,
The coal
An gunna, m.
ung giinn'u.
The gun
An isp,/.
un i'sp,
The rasp
An ordag,/.
un or'dak,
The thumb
Phraseology.
Tlie Articles.
An ré\s,f. uii ré'sh, The race
An solus, m, un soU'us, The light
An treasg, m. un tresq, The drafF
An urras,/. un iiri-'rras, The surety
Between the article, and masculine nouns beginning
with a vowel, or feminines beginning with s, — a t, — with
a hyphen is inserted.
Examples.
An t-am, ug tanhm, The time
An t-eud, un tshe't, The jealousy
An t-im, un ti'm, The butter
An t-6r, un tor, The gold
An t-iith, un tu, The udder
An t-suil, un túíl, The eye
An t-srad, un trat, The spark
And between the article and the genitive of masculines
in s.
Examples.
An t-sioda, un tshi'du, of the silk
An t-snath, un tranh , of the yarn
An t-seilich, un teil'ich, of the willow
An t-suigh, un túígh, of the juice
Am is used before masculine nouns beginning with b,
f, m, p.
Examples.
Am baile, um bail'u, The town
Am preas, um press, The bush
Am fleasgach, um fles'cuch, The bachelor
Am feur, um fe'rr, The grass
Am measan, um miss'an, The lapdog
Am méirleach, um merr'^lyuch, The thief
G 2
76
Phraseology.
NOUNS QUALIFIED BY ADJECTIVES.
A Gaelic adjective has only two forms; therefore there
are but two genders, the masculine and feminine.
Duine math, m.
Bean mhath,yi
Allt cas, m.
Amhuin chas,/!
Giulan ban, m.
Cailag,/. bhan
dii-nyu mah,
ben vah,
aiillt cass
aii'i^rn chass,
gyiill'an banhn,
cai^l'ak vanhn
a good man
a good woman
a rapid brook
a rapid river
a fair headed boy
a fair headed girl
NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES.
Cota donn, m,
Peiteag dhonn,y.
Latha fuar, m.
Gaoth fhuar,j^
CÚ glas, m.
Cearc ghlas,/!
Fear mor, m.
Té mhór, ,^^
Gnotbach nar, m.
Saothach Ian, m.
Aodach rómachwí.
Mir slan, m,
Slige shlan,/.
Sgéula truagh, m.
Bean thruagh,^^
Cnoc ard, m.
Eagluis ard, f.
Fiamh éitidb, m,
Tigh iosal, m,
Damh 6g, m,
Brog ur, /.
Daoine matha, m.
Mnathan matha,/.
Orthoepy.
coh'ta doiinn,
peh'tyak ghoiinn,
Ua'u fu-ur,
gu u-ur,
cu gliass,
kyark ghllass,
fér raór,
tshé vór,
gro'-uch nár,
su'uch llán,
ú'duch rró'much,
mi'r sllánhn,
shlik'u hllánhn,
skyellu trii-ugh,
bén hrii-ugh,
krochk á'rt,
eq'llish á'rt,
fiáv éh'tshi,
tuih i'sh-ull,
danhv ók,
bro'k úrr,
dú-nyu mah'u,
mrah'-uu mah'u,
A brown coat
A brown vest
A cold day
A cold wind
A grey dog
A grey hen
A tall man
A tall woman
A sharieful ajfFair
A full dish
Shaggy cloth
An entire piece
An entire shell
A sad tale
A wretched woman
A high knoll
A lofty church
A grim appearance
A low house
A young ox
A new shoe
Good men
Good women
77
Phraseology.
Orthoepy.
Uillt chasa, úí^lt chass'u,
Aibhnichean casa, úín'ich-un cass'u,
Giulaiu bhana,
Caileagan ban a,
Coin ghlasa,
gyiill'en vanhn'u,
Rapid brooks
Rapid rivers
Fair haired boys
cái^rak-unbánhn'u,Fair haired girls
coin ghllass'u, Grey dogs
Meeting.
Cia mar tha thu? kem'ur ha ú
Co so ? CO shoh
Co tha'n so? co ban shoh
An tus' a th'ann? un tiiss'u haiinn
Co tha leat ? co ha léht
Am beil thu beo? um bel'ii byo
Tha mi, ha mi
'Smath leam sin, smail'um shin
Gun robh math agad gun'-ro mah' ak-ut
Cia mar tha iad Í , , i -^^^ i , •
y kem'ur ha latak -IV
ha iat sllanhn
smah shin
Parting.
sllanhn léht, )
bénn'uchq léht, J
sori ii-um giit,
fyii'ir,
she véh'u shin,
ciiin'u hik ii rih'-
isht,
gii gur-rit,
shé-tur ghoh vi)
fall'av, /
ha cav'ak or-m,
gress orst mu ta,
Tha iad slan,
'Smath sin,
Slan leat,
Beannachd leat,
Soruidh uam gu d'
phiuthair,
'Se bheatha sin,
Cuin' a thig thu
rithist,
Gu goirid,
'Séudar dhomh bhi
falbh,
Tha cabhag orm,
Greas ort, ma ta,
How are you?
Who is this ?
Who is here ?
Is it you? [you?
Who is along with
Are you alive?
Yes I am
I am glad of that
I thank you , ,
How are they with
They are in health
That's good
Farewell
My respects to your
sister
{That will be wel-
come
When will you
come again ?
Soon
I must be going
I am in a hurry
Haste you, then
g3
78
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ERRATA.
Page 4, line 8 from bottom, for barran, read baran.
— 6, last line, for Siona, read Siona.
— ... — 5 from bottom, dele a before boretree.
— 10, — 6, insert a before scoop.
— 12, — 6, for of a, read to a hollow.
— 16, uote, for rejyresents, read represent.
— 18, — 2 from bottom, for ieavci/if read taov'an,
— 20, note, for denotes, read denotes.
— 26, — 2, for laitheam, read laithean.
— ... — 7, for didth, read dlúh.
— ... — 21, for curr'kckq, read curr'áchq.
— 32, — 11, dele the words or beneath.
— 33, — 10, for Josa, read losa.
— 34, — 9, for gníúr, read gniúr.
— 37, — 22, for ddha, read odha.
— 40, — 15, for astinn, read osunn.
— 57, - 1, for rughd, read rugha;
— 64, — 19, for toq'etsh, read toqs'etsh.
— 72, — 5, for ?, - /, read j,
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